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'[[File:Plaza de Armas, Lima, Peru.jpg|thumb|600px|View of the Plaza Mayor of Lima]] The '''Plaza Mayor''' or '''Plaza de Armas of Lima''', is the birthplace <ref name=autogenerated1>[http://gosouthamerica.about.com/od/perlima/tp/whattodo.--tt.htm Things to Do and See in Lima, Peru<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> of the city of [[Lima]], as well as the core of the city. Located in the [[Historic Centre of Lima]], it is surrounded by the [[Government Palace (Peru)|Government Palace]], [[Cathedral of Lima]], [[Archbishop's Palace of Lima]], the [[Municipal Palace of Lima|Municipal Palace]], and the [[Club de la Union|Palace of the Union]].<ref>[http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/South_America/Peru/Departamento_de_Lima/Lima-1605109/Things_To_Do-Lima-Plaza_Mayor_And_Surroundings-BR-1.html Plaza Mayor And Surroundings- Lima, Peru - VirtualTourist.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == Overview == The Plaza de Armas is surrounded by the Jiron Junin, [[Jiron de la Union]], Jiron Huallaga, and the Jiron Carabaja avenues. In 1523, King [[Charles I of Spain]] mandated the ''Procedures for the creation of cities in the New World''. These procedures indicated that after outlining a city's plan, growth should follow a grid centered on the square shape of the plaza. On the day of the foundation of the city, January 18, 1535, the [[conquistador]]<ref name=autogenerated1 /> [[Francisco Pizarro]], conforming to established procedure, designated a location to build the plaza. Later, Pizarro and Nicolas de Rivera, the city's first mayor, toured the city's location and split parcels. Pizarro, taking advantage of his title of founder and governor, took a large parcel of land between the north side of the plaza and the [[Rimac river]]. The lot to the south of the plaza was designated to be a church, the western lot was to be the site of a city council, and the rest of the lots were divided among the rest of the conquistadors. The 17th-century historian [[Bernabé Cobo]] said of the plaza: ...''"it is the finest and most well-formed [plaza] that I have ever seen, even in Spain. It occupies an entire block, with the width of four streets on one side and four streets on the other, and with all four sides it measures more than two thousand feet; it is very ample..."'' Subsequently, the [[Viceroys of Peru|viceroy]] [[Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco]], count of [[Nieva, Spain|Nieva]], proposed the [[gallows]], which had previously been located at the centre of the plaza, be moved nearer to the river to the location which is now the [[Desamparados station|Desamparados train station]]. In place of it, a new water fountain was built at the centre of the plaza. The [[gallows]] were returned to the south side of the plaza on the Callejon de Petateros. The first water fountain built on the plaza was constructed by the [[Viceroys of Peru|viceroy]] [[Francisco de Toledo]], and was inaugurated on October 21, 1578. It consisted of a [[baluster]] and an elevated bowl, and in it had eight pipes through which water fell into the bowl on the next level. A ball at the top of the fountain dispersed water back onto the lower levels. The seal of the city was inscribed on this ball. The water<ref>[http://gosouthamerica.about.com/cs/peru/l/blpixLima4.htm Lima, Peru<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> fountain was replaced in by the [[Viceroys of Peru|viceroy]] [[García Sarmiento de Sotomayor]], count of [[Salvatierra, Guanajuato|Salvatierra]], who inaugurated it on September 8, 1651. This fountain remains as the centerpiece of the plaza to this day. During the [[Viceroyalty of Peru|colonial era]], the plaza served as a market, bull<ref>[http://www.ciao.es/Plaza_de_Armas_Lima_Peru__443498 Plaza de Arm s (Lima, Perú) : comparativas, precios y compras online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> fighting ring, and the city gallows. The plaza also became home to the [[Auto de fe]] in which the [[inquisition]] occurred. The tribunal of the inquisition had one of its three courts located in [[Lima]]. The first conviction occurred on November 15, 1573 and this was the first heretic to be tried and executed in the new world. In 1622, the [[Cathedral of Lima]] is completed. This church still stands today on the plaza. In 1821, [[José de San Martín]] proclaimed the [[Peruvian War of Independence|Independence of Peru]] on this plaza. After this historic event, the flag of the new republic was paraded around the plaza. In 1855, [[List of Presidents of Peru|President]] [[Ramón Castilla]] inaugurated the first public gas lighting system which were first installed on the light posts of the plaza. Also at this time, gardens were planted on the plaza as up until this time it was made of pavement. In 1860, the first rail<ref>[http://www.tramz.com/pe/li/li30.html The Tramways Of Peru<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ways for [[trams]] were installed on the plaza. In 1922, construction of the [[Archbishop's Palace of Lima]] was completed. In 1938, the [[Government Palace (Peru)|Government Palace]] was completed and in 1944 the Municipal Palace was completed. ==Surroundings== <center> {| class="wikitable" |+'''Location of buildings surrounding the Plaza Mayor''' |colspan="5" align=center |'''Northern side''' |----- | align=center |'''Western side''' |colspan="3"| | align=center |'''Eastern side''' |----- | align=center |[[File:Plaza Perú, Lima.jpg|thumb|center|200px|Park of the flag]] | colspan=3 align=center |[[File:PalacioEjecutivodelPeru.jpg|thumb|center|250px|[[Government Palace (Peru)|Government palace]]]] | align=center |[[File:Casa del Oidor.JPG|200px|center|thumb|Casa del Oidor]] |----- | align=center |[[File:Palacio Municipal de Lima.jpg|thumb|center|200px|[[Municipal Palace of Lima]]]] | colspan="3" rowspan=2 align=center|'''''PLAZA MAYOR OF LIMA''''' | align=center |[[File:Palacio Arzobispal, Lima, Perú, 2015-07-28, DD 62.JPG|200px|thumb|center|[[Archbishop's Palace of Lima]]]] |----- | align=center |[[File:Lima, Peru - Plaza de Armas 03.jpg|thumb|center|200px|Club of the Union]] | align=center |[[File:Cathedral of Lima, Peru.jpg|200px|thumb|center|[[Cathedral of Lima]]]] |----- | align=center |[[File:Lima Plaza Mayor1.jpg|thumb|center|180px|Beginning of the [[Jiron de la Union]]]] |[[File:P1030144 Pérou, Lima, Plaza Mayor, édifices au sud de la place.jpg|thumb|center|180px|Building to the south of the plaza]] |[[File:Pasajeolaya.jpg|thumb|center|120px|Olaya passage]] |[[File:Lima, Peru - Plaza de Armas 01.jpg|thumb|center|180px|Headquarters of the Caretas magazine.]] |align=center | |----- |colspan="5" align=center |'''Southern side''' |} </center> '''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106120256/http://www.panorammer.com/panoramas/4_plazadearmaslima_f.php 360° view of Plaza Mayor, Lima]''' == References == {{reflist}} * Cobo, Bernabé. ''"Historia de la Fundación de Lima"'' * Bromley, Juan. ''"Las viejas calles de Lima"'' Lima: Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima. Gerencia de Educación, Cultura y Deportes. Edilibros; 2005. * Joffre, Gabriel Ramón. ''"El guión de la cirugía urbana: Lima 1850-1940"'' == See also == {{commons category|Plaza Mayor (Lima)}} * [[Lima]] * [[Historic centre of Lima]] * [[Plaza de Armas]] * [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] {{coord|12|02|45|S|77|01|50|W|region:PE_type:city(26396)_source:kolossus-nlwiki|display=title}} {{Lima landmarks}} [[Category:Squares in Lima|Mayor]] [[Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in Peru]] [[Category:Parks in Peru]]'