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|occupation = [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]], [[astronaut]], [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA Administrator]]
|occupation = [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]], [[astronaut]], [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA Administrator]]
}}
}}
'''Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr.''' (born August 19, 1946 in [[Columbia, South Carolina]], [[United States]]) is the current [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|Administrator]] of [[NASA]], synonymous with the term '''Asshole''' (or '''arsehole''' in [[British English]] and [[Australian English]]) is [[slang]] for the [[anus]] and is usually used as an [[insult]]. It is formed from ''arse'', which according to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' has been used since the [[11th century]] to refer to the rump of an animal and since the [[14th century]] to refer to a person's buttocks. The combined form ''arsehole'' is first attested from 1500 in its literal use to refer to the anus. The metaphorical use of the word to refer to the worst place in a region (e.g., "the arsehole of the world") is first attested in print in 1865; the use to refer to a contemptible person is first attested in 1933.<ref>Lighter, J.: ''Historical Dictionary of American Slang'', Random House, 1994.</ref> Its first appearance as an insult term in a newspaper indexed by [[Google News]] is in 1965.<ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=493455] Lerner, Michael, "A refreshing radicalism." [[The Harvard Crimson]], May 28, 1965. Google Search done August 6, 2008.</ref> But as with other vulgarities, these uses of the word may have been common in oral speech for some time before their first print appearances. By the 1970s, ''[[Hustler]]'' magazine featured people they did not like as "Asshole of the month."<ref>"Out like Flynt." ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', April 9, 1979. Retrieved August 6, 2008.</ref>
'''Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr.''' (born August 19, 1946 in [[Columbia, South Carolina]], [[United States]]) is the current [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|Administrator]] of [[NASA]], a retired [[United States Marine Corps]] major general, and former NASA [[astronaut]]. A 1968 graduate of the [[United States Naval Academy]], he became a [[United States Naval Aviator|Marine Aviator]] and [[test pilot]]. After his service as an astronaut, he became Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy. Bolden is the virtual host of the Shuttle Launch Experience attraction at [[Kennedy Space Center]].<ref>[http://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/shuttle_launch_experience/ KSC's Shuttle Launch Experience : Kennedy Space Center<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Bolden also serves on the board of directors for the Military Child Education Coalition.


On May 23, 2009, President [[Barack Obama]] announced the nomination of Bolden as NASA Administrator, and [[Lori Garver]] as Deputy NASA Administrator.<ref name=Picked>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/24/science/space/24nasacnd.html?ref=global-home "Retired General Picked to Lead NASA"], by Kenneth Chang, ''[[New York Times]],'' May 24, 2009</ref> Bolden was confirmed by the Senate on July 15, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jul/HQ_09-165_Bolden_and_Garver.html |title=Bolden and Garver Confirmed by U.S. Senate |date=July 15, 2009 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> He is the first [[African American]] to head the agency on a permanent basis.<ref name=Picked/>
==Semantics==
The word is mainly used as a [[profanity]] towards someone the speaker does not like or whose behavior is hurtful, self-centered, or particularly abrasive. Usually, the term is directed at a male (in female anatomy, the focus is deflected to the [[vagina|nearby genitals]]; see [[cunt]]). It may also sometimes be used to describe people who are viewed as stupid or useless or even meaningless, similar to [[wanker]].


==Education==
This word or its literal translation is found in colloquial speech in a number of [[culture]]s (in both [[English language|English]] and other [[language]]s). This is because it describes an [[organ (anatomy)|organ]] of [[defecation|elimination]] that is considered a [[taboo]] region (since it belongs to the [[intimate parts]]) of the body in many [[society|societies]].
Bolden graduated from C. A. Johnson High School in Columbia, South Carolina in 1964, where his father was the head football coach. He earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in electrical science from the [[United States Naval Academy]] in 1968, and a [[Master of Science]] in [[systems management]] from the [[University of Southern California]] in 1977. He is a member of [[Omega Psi Phi]] Fraternity, Inc.


==Military career==
The English word ''ass'' (meaning [[donkey]], a cognate of its zoological name ''Equus '''asinus''''') may also be used as a term of contempt, referring to a silly or stupid person. In the United States, and, to a lesser degree, in Canada, the words ''arse'' and ''ass'' have become synonymous; however, in the rest of the English-speaking world, ''ass'' still only refers to the donkey, rather than the ''arse'' ([[buttock]]s). It is worth noting that speakers of some varieties of English [[rhotic and non-rhotic accents|“drop their Rs”]] before consonants, leading to a pronunciation of ''arse'' that is quite similar to ''ass''.
{{Infobox military person
|name=Military Career
|image= [[File:BoldenCF MajGen USMC.jpg|200px]]
|allegiance= [[United States|United States of America]]
|branch= [[United States Marine Corps]]
|serviceyears= 1968–2004
|rank= [[Major general (United States)|Major General]]
|commands=[[I MEF]] (FWD)<br/>[[3rd Marine Aircraft Wing]]
|battles=[[Vietnam War]]<br/>[[Operation Desert Thunder]]
|awards=[[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>[[Defense Superior Service Medal]]<br/>[[Legion of Merit]] (2)<br/>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]
}}
[[File:Charles F. Bolden Jr., Astronaut, USMC, public speaking DM-SN-85-10497.JPEG|thumb|left|Bolden speaking at a USMC recruiting event in 1982]]
Bolden accepted a commission as a [[second lieutenant#United States|second lieutenant]] in the [[United States Marine Corps]] following graduation from the [[United States Naval Academy]] in 1968. He underwent flight training at [[Pensacola, Florida]], [[Meridian, Mississippi]], and [[Kingsville, Texas]], before being designated a [[United States Naval Aviator|naval aviator]] in May 1970. He flew more than 100 sorties into [[North Vietnam|North]] and [[South Vietnam]], [[Laos]], and [[Cambodia]], in the [[A-6 Intruder#A-6A|A-6A Intruder]] while assigned to [[VMFA(AW)-533|VMA(AW)-533]] at [[Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong]], [[Thailand]] from June 1972 to June 1973.


Upon returning to the United States, Bolden began a two-year tour as a Marine Corps selection officer and [[military recruiting|recruiting]] officer in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], followed by three years in various assignments at [[Marine Corps Air Station El Toro]], [[California]]. In June 1979, he graduated from the [[United States Naval Test Pilot School]] at [[Naval Air Station Patuxent River]], [[Maryland]], and was assigned to the [[Naval Air Test Center]]'s Systems Engineering and Strike Aircraft Test Directorates. While there, he served as an ordnance test pilot and flew numerous test projects in the [[A-6 Intruder#A-6E|A-6E]], [[EA-6B]], and [[A-7 Corsair II|A-7C/E]] airplanes.
Until the early 1990s, the word was considered one of a number of words that could not be uttered on commercial television in the United States. Comedian [[Andrew Dice Clay]] caused a major shock when he uttered the word during a televised awards show in the 1980s. However, there were PG-13 and R rated films in the 1980s that featured use of the word, such as ''[[The Terminator]]'' (1984) and the PG-13 ''[[National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation]]'' (1989) and ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'' (1989). By 1994, however, the word was considered less vulgar and was featured in dialog on the long-running television series ''[[NYPD Blue]]'', though it has yet to become anything close to commonplace on network TV. It is important to note that while the word ''arse'' has found a place on broadcast television, ''arsehole'' is not used, probably due to its more vulgar connotation. In some broadcast edits (such as the syndication airings of ''[[South Park]]''), the word is partially bleeped out—ironically, as "arseh---", with the profane half of the word intact.


He has logged more than 6,000 hours flying time.
==Political usage==
In 2000, during a [[Labor Day]] event, then candidate [[George W. Bush]] made an off-hand remark to his running mate, [[Dick Cheney]], that ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter [[Adam Clymer]] was a "major league asshole." The gaffe was caught on mic and led to a political ad chiding Bush for "using expletives... in front of a crowd of families," produced for Democratic opponent [[Al Gore]]. <ref>{{cite news|publisher=Salon.com|url=http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/09/04/cuss_word/|date=09-04-2000|title=A "major league asshole"}}</ref>


Bolden was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1980. He was a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps until 1994 when he returned to active duty in the Marine Corps as the Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy, effective June 27, 1994. In July 1997, he was assigned as the Deputy Commanding General of [[I Marine Expeditionary Force]]. From February to June 1998, he served as Commanding General, I MEF (FWD) in support of [[Operation Desert Thunder]] in [[Kuwait]]. In July 1998, he was promoted to his final rank of Major General and assumed his duties as the Deputy Commander, [[United States Forces Japan]]. He then served as the Commanding General, [[3rd Marine Aircraft Wing]], serving from August 9, 2000 until August 2002. He retired from the military in August 2004.
In February 2004, American media reported that during a rally of supporters, Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chavez]] called Bush "an asshole" for believing his aides in supporting a [[2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt|coup against Chavez in 2002]]. <ref>{{cite news|publisher=Washington Post|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17578-2004Feb29.html|title=Chavez Calls Bush 'Asshole' as Foes Fight Troops}}</ref>. The following year, in September, ''[[Nightline (US news program)|Nightline]]'' host [[Ted Koppel]] said to Chavez on national television, "I'm going to perhaps shock you a little, but these are your words. You called President Bush an asshole," to which Chavez replied, "I've said various things about him. I don't know if I actually used that word."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Nightline|date=09-16-2005|url=http://abcnews.go.com/print?id=1134098|title=Transcript: Hugo Chavez Interview}}</ref>


==NASA career==
== Songs using the word ''asshole'' ==
{{Infobox Astronaut
|name =Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr.
|image =CharlesBolden.jpg
|type =NASA Astronaut
|status =Retired
|selection =[[List of astronauts by selection#1980|1980 NASA Group]]
|time =28d 08h 37m
|mission =[[STS-61-C]], [[STS-31]], [[STS-45]], [[STS-60]]
|insignia =[[File:STS-61-c-patch.png|30px]][[File:Sts-31-patch.png|30px]][[File:Sts-45-patch.png|30px]][[File:Sts-60-patch.png|30px]]
}}
Selected by NASA in May 1980, Bolden became an astronaut in August 1981. His technical assignments included: Astronaut Office Safety Officer; Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations; Special Assistant to the Director of the Johnson Space Center; Astronaut Office Liaison to the Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance Directorates of the Marshall Space Flight Center and the [[Kennedy Space Center]]; Chief of the Safety Division at JSC; Lead Astronaut for Vehicle Test and Checkout at the Kennedy Space Center; and Assistant Deputy Administrator, NASA Headquarters. A veteran of four space flights, he has logged over 680 hours in space. Bolden served as pilot on [[STS-61C]] (January 12&ndash;18, 1986) and [[STS-31]] (April 24&ndash;29, 1990), and was the mission commander on [[STS-45]] (March 24, 1992 &ndash; April 2, 1992), and [[STS-60]] (February 3&ndash;11, 1994).


Bolden was the first person to ride the [[Launch Complex 39]] slidewire baskets which enable rapid escape from a [[space shuttle]] on the launch pad. The need for a human test was determined following a launch abort on [[STS-41-D]] where controllers were afraid to order the crew to use the untested escape system.<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/roundup/online/2007/0607.pdf 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In 1972, [[Jonathan Richman]]'s [[The Modern Lovers|Modern Lovers]] recorded his song "[[Pablo Picasso (song)|Pablo Picasso]]," which includes the immortal line "Pablo Picasso was never called an asshole." The song was not released until 1976, after the break-up of the original [[The Modern Lovers|Modern Lovers]]. In 1976, [[Chinga Chavin]] released the single "Asshole from El Paso" from his album ''Country Porn''. Chavin's song was a parody of Merle Haggard's "[[Okie from Muskogee]]." In 1993, actor [[Denis Leary]] enjoyed some success with a comedic song called "[[Asshole (song)|Asshole]]", which opened his stage play ''[[No Cure for Cancer]]'' and was featured in a [[music video]]. It topped the [[Triple J Hottest 100, 1993]] in Australia and subsequently reached #2 on the charts in that country in 1994. Alternative rock artist [[Beck]] has written and recorded a song called "Asshole", one of his most acclaimed compositions. The British ska-punk band [[Snuff (band)|Snuff]] also have a song named "Arsehole", while Canadian comedy troupe [[Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie]] have had a song called "The Asshole Song" in their repertoire since the late 1980s. In [[2004 in music|2004]], the song "Asshole" by the band [[Jim's Big Ego]] was used as the soundtrack to a popular Internet filmstrip about the Bush administration. [[Gene Simmons]] of rock band [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] released his solo album under the name [[Asshole (album)|''Asshole'']] which also featured a song of the same name. August Campbell & The Spur Of The Moment Band wrote "The Asshole Song", sung about a person who purportedly cut him off while driving his car, prominently features the word as well (i.e. "Were you born an asshole, or did you work at it your whole life?"). <ref>[http://www.themadmusicarchive.com/artist_details.aspx?ArtistID=6251 August Campbell & The Spur Of The Moment Band<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


===Spaceflight experience===
==Similar compounds with ass==
On [[STS-61-C]], Bolden piloted [[Space Shuttle Columbia]]. During the six-day flight, crew members deployed the SATCOM KU satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. STS-61-C launched from Kennedy Space Center on January 12, 1986. The mission was accomplished in 96 orbits of [[Earth]], ending with a successful night landing at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] on January 18, 1986.
''Asshat'' is a slightly trendier and less severe variation of ''asshole,'' graphically describing someone who has his “head up his own ass” (i.e., not knowing what’s going on): one is wearing one’s ass for a hat. A more modern usage of ''asshat'' describes a person doing something stupid, and can apply to anyone: “The boss is up to asshattery because he broke the computer even though he knew he was doing the wrong thing.” This meaning was popularized by [[Something Awful]] character Jeff K. The word is popular in many online communities, serving as a more palatable version of its antecedent. According to [[Google]]’s Usenet statistics, the word only saw a token appearance every day or two starting in July 1999, but following a slow rise in 2002, it entered popular usage in May 2003. As it continued to grow in [[popularity]], ''asshat'' began to be used by online gamers, in first person shooter and massively multiplayer role playing games. It was a commonplace word on servers where [[vulgar]] language was not allowed.


Bolden piloted [[Space Shuttle Discovery]] during [[STS-31]]. Launched on April 24, 1990 from Kennedy Space Center, the crew spent the five-day mission, deploying the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] and conducting a variety of middeck experiments. They also used a variety of cameras, including both the [[IMAX]] in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for Earth observations from their record-setting altitude over 400 miles. Following 75 orbits of Earth in 121 hours, Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base on April 29, 1990.
The insult ''assclown'' is used in a similar fashion, although it is not as common. ''Assclown'' has become well known among fans of [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] (WWE) due to wrestler [[Chris Jericho]] using it during his promos, especially his “Highlight Reel”. The term was also used in the film ''[[Office Space]]'' to describe singer-songwriter [[Michael Bolton]]. “Assclown” is also used by radio personality [[Todd Schnitt]].


On [[STS-45]], Bolden commanded a crew of seven aboard [[Space Shuttle Atlantis]], launched on March 24, 1992 from Kennedy Space Center. STS-45 was the first [[Spacelab]] mission dedicated to NASA's ''Mission to Planet'' Earth. During the nine-day mission, the crew operated the twelve experiments that constituted the ATLAS-1 (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) cargo. ATLAS-1 obtained a vast array of detailed measurements of atmospheric chemical and physical properties, which contribute significantly to improving our understanding of our climate and atmosphere. In addition, this was the first time an artificial beam of electrons was used to stimulate a man-made auroral discharge. Following 143 orbits of Earth, Atlantis landed at Kennedy Space Center on April 2, 1992.
''Asstard'' is another rarer variant upon the ''ass-'' theme. It is possibly a portmanteau of ''asshole'' and ''[[retard]]'' and has almost the same meaning as ''asshole'', but with a greater implied connotation of stupidity.{{Fact|date=August 2008}} An identically spelled version of the same word is a contraction of ''asshole'' and ''[[Illegitimacy|bastard]]'', with a commensurately more abusive meaning.


Bolden commanded [[STS-60]]'s crew of six aboard Discovery. This was the historic first joint-American/Russian Space Shuttle mission involving the participation of a [[Russians|Russian]] [[cosmonaut]] [[Sergei Krikalyov]] as a mission specialist crew member. The flight launched on February 3, 1994, from Kennedy Space Center, and carried the Space Habitation Module-2 ([[Spacehab|SPACEHAB]]), and the [[Wake Shield Facility]]. Additionally, the crew conducted a series of joint U.S./Russian science activities. The mission achieved 130 orbits of the Earth, ending with a landing on February 11, 1994, at the Kennedy Space Center.
''Asspit'' is a descriptive noun following this construction, used to describe places that are run-down or dirty, as in: “This house is an asspit.” It has a generally pejorative connotation.

==Gallery==
<center><gallery perrow="3">
File:NASA and Russian Space Agency Administrators Meet.jpg|Charles Bolden meets head of the [[Russian Federal Space Agency]] [[Anatoly Perminov]] at Mission Control Centre [[Moscow]] in [[Korolev]], [[Russia]].
File:Administrator Bolden Speaks at AAIA-WIA Luncheon.jpg|Bolden speaking at an [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|AAIA]]-WIA luncheon.
File:NASA Administrator Charles Bolden Meets Award-Winning Director James Cameron.jpg|Bolden meets award-winning [[Film director|director]] [[James Cameron]].
File:Charles Bolden Participates In A Wreath Laying Ceremony.jpg|Bolden participates in a wreath laying ceremony as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance at [[Arlington National Cemetery]].
File:Charles Bolden at the National Press Club in Washington.jpg|Bolden at the National Press Club in [[Washington]].
File:Firing Room Four Launch Control Center STS-130 Launch.jpg|Bolden, left, congratulates [[Michael D. Leinbach|Leinbach]] and the launch team in Firing Room Four of the Launch Control Centre for a successful launch of [[STS-130]].
</gallery></center>

==Awards and honors==
Bolden's military awards include:<center>
{|
|-
|colspan="4" align="center" |[[File:En-NavAstro.jpg|200px]]
|-
|colspan="4" align="center" |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Defense Distinguished Service ribbon.svg|width=106}}&nbsp;{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=US Defense Superior Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}&nbsp;{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Defense Meritorious Service ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=NASA Outstanding Leadership Ribbon.png|width=106}}
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=award-star|ribbon=USA_-_NASA_Excep_Rib.png|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=award-star|ribbon=SpaceFltRib.gif|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Navy Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Marine Corps Recruiting Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam gallantry cross unit award-3d.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Campaign Medal Ribbon.png|width=106}}
|-
|} </center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan="12" align="center" |[[Astronaut Badge|Navy Astronaut Badge]]
|-
|colspan="4" align="right" |[[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]
|colspan="4" align="center" |[[Defense Superior Service Medal]]
|colspan="4" align="left" |[[Legion of Merit]] w/ 1 [[award star]]
|-
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]] w/ 1 [[oak leaf cluster]]
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Air Medal]] w/ 1 award star & [[Strike/Flight numerals|Strike/Flight numeral 8]]
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Awards and decorations of the United States government#NASA|NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal]]
|-
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[NASA Exceptional Service Medal]] w/ 2 award stars
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[NASA Space Flight Medal]] w/ 3 award stars
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Navy Unit Commendation]]
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[National Defense Service Medal]] w/ 1 [[service star]]
|-
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Vietnam Service Medal]] w/ 2 service stars
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Recruiting Service Ribbon|Marine Corps Recruiting Ribbon]]
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Vietnam Gallantry Cross|Vietnam Gallantry Cross unit citation]]
|colspan="3" align="center" |[[Vietnam Campaign Medal]]
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|<!-- Please do not remove this empty row. It ensures the proper spacing and appearance of text in the table. -->
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|-
|}

He has received an Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from the University of South Carolina (1984), and Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from [[Winthrop University|Winthrop College]] (1986), the University of Southern California Alumni Award of Merit (1989), and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from [[Johnson C. Smith University]] (1990).


==See also==
==See also==
{{USMCportallink}}
* [[Arse]]
* [[Cornhole]]
* [[The No Asshole Rule]]


{{-}}
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Refimprovesect|date=December 2006}}

{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Charles F. Bolden, Jr.}}
* [http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/bolden_bio.html Official Biography as Administrator]
* [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/bolden-cf.html Official NASA biography]
* [http://www.usmc.mil/genbios2.nsf/biographies/81BE83E89B03DDC88525680B000CC9F0?opendocument Official USMC Biography]
* [http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/bolden_charles.htm Spacefacts biography of Charles F. Bolden, Jr.]
* [http://www.militarychild.org/about-us/board-of-directors Military Child Education Coalition Board of Directors]

{{NASAadmin}}

{{NASA Astronaut Group 9}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolden, Charles F., Jr.}}
[[Category:Pejorative terms for people]]
[[Category:Profanity]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Administrators of NASA]]
[[Category:American astronauts]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from South Carolina]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]]
[[Category:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps generals]]
[[Category:United States Naval Academy graduates]]
[[Category:University of South Carolina alumni]]


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'{{Redirect|Charles Bolden|the jazz musician|Buddy Bolden}} {{Infobox Person |name = Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr. |image = Charles F. Bolden, Jr.jpg |caption = <!-- this image is not the official portrait - its from here: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oer/asap/bios/bolden.html - an advisory council from a few years ago -- DO NOT ADD THIS BACK IN UNTIL THE OFFICIAL PORTRAIT IT RELEASED -- official portrait as NASA administrator --> |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|8|19}} |birth_place = [[Columbia, South Carolina]] |death_date = |death_place = |other_names = |occupation = [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]], [[astronaut]], [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA Administrator]] }} '''Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr.''' (born August 19, 1946 in [[Columbia, South Carolina]], [[United States]]) is the current [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|Administrator]] of [[NASA]], synonymous with the term '''Asshole''' (or '''arsehole''' in [[British English]] and [[Australian English]]) is [[slang]] for the [[anus]] and is usually used as an [[insult]]. It is formed from ''arse'', which according to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' has been used since the [[11th century]] to refer to the rump of an animal and since the [[14th century]] to refer to a person's buttocks. The combined form ''arsehole'' is first attested from 1500 in its literal use to refer to the anus. The metaphorical use of the word to refer to the worst place in a region (e.g., "the arsehole of the world") is first attested in print in 1865; the use to refer to a contemptible person is first attested in 1933.<ref>Lighter, J.: ''Historical Dictionary of American Slang'', Random House, 1994.</ref> Its first appearance as an insult term in a newspaper indexed by [[Google News]] is in 1965.<ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=493455] Lerner, Michael, "A refreshing radicalism." [[The Harvard Crimson]], May 28, 1965. Google Search done August 6, 2008.</ref> But as with other vulgarities, these uses of the word may have been common in oral speech for some time before their first print appearances. By the 1970s, ''[[Hustler]]'' magazine featured people they did not like as "Asshole of the month."<ref>"Out like Flynt." ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', April 9, 1979. Retrieved August 6, 2008.</ref> ==Semantics== The word is mainly used as a [[profanity]] towards someone the speaker does not like or whose behavior is hurtful, self-centered, or particularly abrasive. Usually, the term is directed at a male (in female anatomy, the focus is deflected to the [[vagina|nearby genitals]]; see [[cunt]]). It may also sometimes be used to describe people who are viewed as stupid or useless or even meaningless, similar to [[wanker]]. This word or its literal translation is found in colloquial speech in a number of [[culture]]s (in both [[English language|English]] and other [[language]]s). This is because it describes an [[organ (anatomy)|organ]] of [[defecation|elimination]] that is considered a [[taboo]] region (since it belongs to the [[intimate parts]]) of the body in many [[society|societies]]. The English word ''ass'' (meaning [[donkey]], a cognate of its zoological name ''Equus '''asinus''''') may also be used as a term of contempt, referring to a silly or stupid person. In the United States, and, to a lesser degree, in Canada, the words ''arse'' and ''ass'' have become synonymous; however, in the rest of the English-speaking world, ''ass'' still only refers to the donkey, rather than the ''arse'' ([[buttock]]s). It is worth noting that speakers of some varieties of English [[rhotic and non-rhotic accents|“drop their Rs”]] before consonants, leading to a pronunciation of ''arse'' that is quite similar to ''ass''. Until the early 1990s, the word was considered one of a number of words that could not be uttered on commercial television in the United States. Comedian [[Andrew Dice Clay]] caused a major shock when he uttered the word during a televised awards show in the 1980s. However, there were PG-13 and R rated films in the 1980s that featured use of the word, such as ''[[The Terminator]]'' (1984) and the PG-13 ''[[National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation]]'' (1989) and ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'' (1989). By 1994, however, the word was considered less vulgar and was featured in dialog on the long-running television series ''[[NYPD Blue]]'', though it has yet to become anything close to commonplace on network TV. It is important to note that while the word ''arse'' has found a place on broadcast television, ''arsehole'' is not used, probably due to its more vulgar connotation. In some broadcast edits (such as the syndication airings of ''[[South Park]]''), the word is partially bleeped out—ironically, as "arseh---", with the profane half of the word intact. ==Political usage== In 2000, during a [[Labor Day]] event, then candidate [[George W. Bush]] made an off-hand remark to his running mate, [[Dick Cheney]], that ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter [[Adam Clymer]] was a "major league asshole." The gaffe was caught on mic and led to a political ad chiding Bush for "using expletives... in front of a crowd of families," produced for Democratic opponent [[Al Gore]]. <ref>{{cite news|publisher=Salon.com|url=http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/09/04/cuss_word/|date=09-04-2000|title=A "major league asshole"}}</ref> In February 2004, American media reported that during a rally of supporters, Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chavez]] called Bush "an asshole" for believing his aides in supporting a [[2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt|coup against Chavez in 2002]]. <ref>{{cite news|publisher=Washington Post|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17578-2004Feb29.html|title=Chavez Calls Bush 'Asshole' as Foes Fight Troops}}</ref>. The following year, in September, ''[[Nightline (US news program)|Nightline]]'' host [[Ted Koppel]] said to Chavez on national television, "I'm going to perhaps shock you a little, but these are your words. You called President Bush an asshole," to which Chavez replied, "I've said various things about him. I don't know if I actually used that word."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Nightline|date=09-16-2005|url=http://abcnews.go.com/print?id=1134098|title=Transcript: Hugo Chavez Interview}}</ref> == Songs using the word ''asshole'' == In 1972, [[Jonathan Richman]]'s [[The Modern Lovers|Modern Lovers]] recorded his song "[[Pablo Picasso (song)|Pablo Picasso]]," which includes the immortal line "Pablo Picasso was never called an asshole." The song was not released until 1976, after the break-up of the original [[The Modern Lovers|Modern Lovers]]. In 1976, [[Chinga Chavin]] released the single "Asshole from El Paso" from his album ''Country Porn''. Chavin's song was a parody of Merle Haggard's "[[Okie from Muskogee]]." In 1993, actor [[Denis Leary]] enjoyed some success with a comedic song called "[[Asshole (song)|Asshole]]", which opened his stage play ''[[No Cure for Cancer]]'' and was featured in a [[music video]]. It topped the [[Triple J Hottest 100, 1993]] in Australia and subsequently reached #2 on the charts in that country in 1994. Alternative rock artist [[Beck]] has written and recorded a song called "Asshole", one of his most acclaimed compositions. The British ska-punk band [[Snuff (band)|Snuff]] also have a song named "Arsehole", while Canadian comedy troupe [[Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie]] have had a song called "The Asshole Song" in their repertoire since the late 1980s. In [[2004 in music|2004]], the song "Asshole" by the band [[Jim's Big Ego]] was used as the soundtrack to a popular Internet filmstrip about the Bush administration. [[Gene Simmons]] of rock band [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] released his solo album under the name [[Asshole (album)|''Asshole'']] which also featured a song of the same name. August Campbell & The Spur Of The Moment Band wrote "The Asshole Song", sung about a person who purportedly cut him off while driving his car, prominently features the word as well (i.e. "Were you born an asshole, or did you work at it your whole life?"). <ref>[http://www.themadmusicarchive.com/artist_details.aspx?ArtistID=6251 August Campbell & The Spur Of The Moment Band<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Similar compounds with ass== ''Asshat'' is a slightly trendier and less severe variation of ''asshole,'' graphically describing someone who has his “head up his own ass” (i.e., not knowing what’s going on): one is wearing one’s ass for a hat. A more modern usage of ''asshat'' describes a person doing something stupid, and can apply to anyone: “The boss is up to asshattery because he broke the computer even though he knew he was doing the wrong thing.” This meaning was popularized by [[Something Awful]] character Jeff K. The word is popular in many online communities, serving as a more palatable version of its antecedent. According to [[Google]]’s Usenet statistics, the word only saw a token appearance every day or two starting in July 1999, but following a slow rise in 2002, it entered popular usage in May 2003. As it continued to grow in [[popularity]], ''asshat'' began to be used by online gamers, in first person shooter and massively multiplayer role playing games. It was a commonplace word on servers where [[vulgar]] language was not allowed. The insult ''assclown'' is used in a similar fashion, although it is not as common. ''Assclown'' has become well known among fans of [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] (WWE) due to wrestler [[Chris Jericho]] using it during his promos, especially his “Highlight Reel”. The term was also used in the film ''[[Office Space]]'' to describe singer-songwriter [[Michael Bolton]]. “Assclown” is also used by radio personality [[Todd Schnitt]]. ''Asstard'' is another rarer variant upon the ''ass-'' theme. It is possibly a portmanteau of ''asshole'' and ''[[retard]]'' and has almost the same meaning as ''asshole'', but with a greater implied connotation of stupidity.{{Fact|date=August 2008}} An identically spelled version of the same word is a contraction of ''asshole'' and ''[[Illegitimacy|bastard]]'', with a commensurately more abusive meaning. ''Asspit'' is a descriptive noun following this construction, used to describe places that are run-down or dirty, as in: “This house is an asspit.” It has a generally pejorative connotation. ==See also== * [[Arse]] * [[Cornhole]] * [[The No Asshole Rule]] ==References== {{Refimprovesect|date=December 2006}} {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pejorative terms for people]] [[Category:Profanity]] [[de:Arschloch]] [[simple:Asshole]]'
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'{{Redirect|Charles Bolden|the jazz musician|Buddy Bolden}} {{Infobox Person |name = Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr. |image = Charles F. Bolden, Jr.jpg |caption = <!-- this image is not the official portrait - its from here: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oer/asap/bios/bolden.html - an advisory council from a few years ago -- DO NOT ADD THIS BACK IN UNTIL THE OFFICIAL PORTRAIT IT RELEASED -- official portrait as NASA administrator --> |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|8|19}} |birth_place = [[Columbia, South Carolina]] |death_date = |death_place = |other_names = |occupation = [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]], [[astronaut]], [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA Administrator]] }} '''Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr.''' (born August 19, 1946 in [[Columbia, South Carolina]], [[United States]]) is the current [[Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration|Administrator]] of [[NASA]], a retired [[United States Marine Corps]] major general, and former NASA [[astronaut]]. A 1968 graduate of the [[United States Naval Academy]], he became a [[United States Naval Aviator|Marine Aviator]] and [[test pilot]]. After his service as an astronaut, he became Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy. Bolden is the virtual host of the Shuttle Launch Experience attraction at [[Kennedy Space Center]].<ref>[http://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/shuttle_launch_experience/ KSC's Shuttle Launch Experience : Kennedy Space Center<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Bolden also serves on the board of directors for the Military Child Education Coalition. On May 23, 2009, President [[Barack Obama]] announced the nomination of Bolden as NASA Administrator, and [[Lori Garver]] as Deputy NASA Administrator.<ref name=Picked>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/24/science/space/24nasacnd.html?ref=global-home "Retired General Picked to Lead NASA"], by Kenneth Chang, ''[[New York Times]],'' May 24, 2009</ref> Bolden was confirmed by the Senate on July 15, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jul/HQ_09-165_Bolden_and_Garver.html |title=Bolden and Garver Confirmed by U.S. Senate |date=July 15, 2009 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> He is the first [[African American]] to head the agency on a permanent basis.<ref name=Picked/> ==Education== Bolden graduated from C. A. Johnson High School in Columbia, South Carolina in 1964, where his father was the head football coach. He earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in electrical science from the [[United States Naval Academy]] in 1968, and a [[Master of Science]] in [[systems management]] from the [[University of Southern California]] in 1977. He is a member of [[Omega Psi Phi]] Fraternity, Inc. ==Military career== {{Infobox military person |name=Military Career |image= [[File:BoldenCF MajGen USMC.jpg|200px]] |allegiance= [[United States|United States of America]] |branch= [[United States Marine Corps]] |serviceyears= 1968–2004 |rank= [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] |commands=[[I MEF]] (FWD)<br/>[[3rd Marine Aircraft Wing]] |battles=[[Vietnam War]]<br/>[[Operation Desert Thunder]] |awards=[[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/>[[Defense Superior Service Medal]]<br/>[[Legion of Merit]] (2)<br/>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] }} [[File:Charles F. Bolden Jr., Astronaut, USMC, public speaking DM-SN-85-10497.JPEG|thumb|left|Bolden speaking at a USMC recruiting event in 1982]] Bolden accepted a commission as a [[second lieutenant#United States|second lieutenant]] in the [[United States Marine Corps]] following graduation from the [[United States Naval Academy]] in 1968. He underwent flight training at [[Pensacola, Florida]], [[Meridian, Mississippi]], and [[Kingsville, Texas]], before being designated a [[United States Naval Aviator|naval aviator]] in May 1970. He flew more than 100 sorties into [[North Vietnam|North]] and [[South Vietnam]], [[Laos]], and [[Cambodia]], in the [[A-6 Intruder#A-6A|A-6A Intruder]] while assigned to [[VMFA(AW)-533|VMA(AW)-533]] at [[Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong]], [[Thailand]] from June 1972 to June 1973. Upon returning to the United States, Bolden began a two-year tour as a Marine Corps selection officer and [[military recruiting|recruiting]] officer in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], followed by three years in various assignments at [[Marine Corps Air Station El Toro]], [[California]]. In June 1979, he graduated from the [[United States Naval Test Pilot School]] at [[Naval Air Station Patuxent River]], [[Maryland]], and was assigned to the [[Naval Air Test Center]]'s Systems Engineering and Strike Aircraft Test Directorates. While there, he served as an ordnance test pilot and flew numerous test projects in the [[A-6 Intruder#A-6E|A-6E]], [[EA-6B]], and [[A-7 Corsair II|A-7C/E]] airplanes. He has logged more than 6,000 hours flying time. Bolden was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1980. He was a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps until 1994 when he returned to active duty in the Marine Corps as the Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy, effective June 27, 1994. In July 1997, he was assigned as the Deputy Commanding General of [[I Marine Expeditionary Force]]. From February to June 1998, he served as Commanding General, I MEF (FWD) in support of [[Operation Desert Thunder]] in [[Kuwait]]. In July 1998, he was promoted to his final rank of Major General and assumed his duties as the Deputy Commander, [[United States Forces Japan]]. He then served as the Commanding General, [[3rd Marine Aircraft Wing]], serving from August 9, 2000 until August 2002. He retired from the military in August 2004. ==NASA career== {{Infobox Astronaut |name =Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr. |image =CharlesBolden.jpg |type =NASA Astronaut |status =Retired |selection =[[List of astronauts by selection#1980|1980 NASA Group]] |time =28d 08h 37m |mission =[[STS-61-C]], [[STS-31]], [[STS-45]], [[STS-60]] |insignia =[[File:STS-61-c-patch.png|30px]][[File:Sts-31-patch.png|30px]][[File:Sts-45-patch.png|30px]][[File:Sts-60-patch.png|30px]] }} Selected by NASA in May 1980, Bolden became an astronaut in August 1981. His technical assignments included: Astronaut Office Safety Officer; Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations; Special Assistant to the Director of the Johnson Space Center; Astronaut Office Liaison to the Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance Directorates of the Marshall Space Flight Center and the [[Kennedy Space Center]]; Chief of the Safety Division at JSC; Lead Astronaut for Vehicle Test and Checkout at the Kennedy Space Center; and Assistant Deputy Administrator, NASA Headquarters. A veteran of four space flights, he has logged over 680 hours in space. Bolden served as pilot on [[STS-61C]] (January 12&ndash;18, 1986) and [[STS-31]] (April 24&ndash;29, 1990), and was the mission commander on [[STS-45]] (March 24, 1992 &ndash; April 2, 1992), and [[STS-60]] (February 3&ndash;11, 1994). Bolden was the first person to ride the [[Launch Complex 39]] slidewire baskets which enable rapid escape from a [[space shuttle]] on the launch pad. The need for a human test was determined following a launch abort on [[STS-41-D]] where controllers were afraid to order the crew to use the untested escape system.<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/roundup/online/2007/0607.pdf 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===Spaceflight experience=== On [[STS-61-C]], Bolden piloted [[Space Shuttle Columbia]]. During the six-day flight, crew members deployed the SATCOM KU satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. STS-61-C launched from Kennedy Space Center on January 12, 1986. The mission was accomplished in 96 orbits of [[Earth]], ending with a successful night landing at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] on January 18, 1986. Bolden piloted [[Space Shuttle Discovery]] during [[STS-31]]. Launched on April 24, 1990 from Kennedy Space Center, the crew spent the five-day mission, deploying the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] and conducting a variety of middeck experiments. They also used a variety of cameras, including both the [[IMAX]] in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for Earth observations from their record-setting altitude over 400 miles. Following 75 orbits of Earth in 121 hours, Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base on April 29, 1990. On [[STS-45]], Bolden commanded a crew of seven aboard [[Space Shuttle Atlantis]], launched on March 24, 1992 from Kennedy Space Center. STS-45 was the first [[Spacelab]] mission dedicated to NASA's ''Mission to Planet'' Earth. During the nine-day mission, the crew operated the twelve experiments that constituted the ATLAS-1 (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) cargo. ATLAS-1 obtained a vast array of detailed measurements of atmospheric chemical and physical properties, which contribute significantly to improving our understanding of our climate and atmosphere. In addition, this was the first time an artificial beam of electrons was used to stimulate a man-made auroral discharge. Following 143 orbits of Earth, Atlantis landed at Kennedy Space Center on April 2, 1992. Bolden commanded [[STS-60]]'s crew of six aboard Discovery. This was the historic first joint-American/Russian Space Shuttle mission involving the participation of a [[Russians|Russian]] [[cosmonaut]] [[Sergei Krikalyov]] as a mission specialist crew member. The flight launched on February 3, 1994, from Kennedy Space Center, and carried the Space Habitation Module-2 ([[Spacehab|SPACEHAB]]), and the [[Wake Shield Facility]]. Additionally, the crew conducted a series of joint U.S./Russian science activities. The mission achieved 130 orbits of the Earth, ending with a landing on February 11, 1994, at the Kennedy Space Center. ==Gallery== <center><gallery perrow="3"> File:NASA and Russian Space Agency Administrators Meet.jpg|Charles Bolden meets head of the [[Russian Federal Space Agency]] [[Anatoly Perminov]] at Mission Control Centre [[Moscow]] in [[Korolev]], [[Russia]]. File:Administrator Bolden Speaks at AAIA-WIA Luncheon.jpg|Bolden speaking at an [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|AAIA]]-WIA luncheon. File:NASA Administrator Charles Bolden Meets Award-Winning Director James Cameron.jpg|Bolden meets award-winning [[Film director|director]] [[James Cameron]]. File:Charles Bolden Participates In A Wreath Laying Ceremony.jpg|Bolden participates in a wreath laying ceremony as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance at [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. File:Charles Bolden at the National Press Club in Washington.jpg|Bolden at the National Press Club in [[Washington]]. File:Firing Room Four Launch Control Center STS-130 Launch.jpg|Bolden, left, congratulates [[Michael D. Leinbach|Leinbach]] and the launch team in Firing Room Four of the Launch Control Centre for a successful launch of [[STS-130]]. </gallery></center> ==Awards and honors== Bolden's military awards include:<center> {| |- |colspan="4" align="center" |[[File:En-NavAstro.jpg|200px]] |- |colspan="4" align="center" |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Defense Distinguished Service ribbon.svg|width=106}}&nbsp;{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=US Defense Superior Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}&nbsp;{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|width=106}} |- |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Defense Meritorious Service ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=NASA Outstanding Leadership Ribbon.png|width=106}} |- |{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=award-star|ribbon=USA_-_NASA_Excep_Rib.png|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=award-star|ribbon=SpaceFltRib.gif|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Navy Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |- |{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Marine Corps Recruiting Ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam gallantry cross unit award-3d.svg|width=106}} |{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Campaign Medal Ribbon.png|width=106}} |- |} </center> {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="12" align="center" |[[Astronaut Badge|Navy Astronaut Badge]] |- |colspan="4" align="right" |[[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] |colspan="4" align="center" |[[Defense Superior Service Medal]] |colspan="4" align="left" |[[Legion of Merit]] w/ 1 [[award star]] |- |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]] w/ 1 [[oak leaf cluster]] |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Air Medal]] w/ 1 award star & [[Strike/Flight numerals|Strike/Flight numeral 8]] |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Awards and decorations of the United States government#NASA|NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal]] |- |colspan="3" align="center" |[[NASA Exceptional Service Medal]] w/ 2 award stars |colspan="3" align="center" |[[NASA Space Flight Medal]] w/ 3 award stars |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Navy Unit Commendation]] |colspan="3" align="center" |[[National Defense Service Medal]] w/ 1 [[service star]] |- |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Vietnam Service Medal]] w/ 2 service stars |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Recruiting Service Ribbon|Marine Corps Recruiting Ribbon]] |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Vietnam Gallantry Cross|Vietnam Gallantry Cross unit citation]] |colspan="3" align="center" |[[Vietnam Campaign Medal]] |- | | | | | |<!-- Please do not remove this empty row. It ensures the proper spacing and appearance of text in the table. --> | | | | | | |- |} He has received an Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from the University of South Carolina (1984), and Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from [[Winthrop University|Winthrop College]] (1986), the University of Southern California Alumni Award of Merit (1989), and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from [[Johnson C. Smith University]] (1990). ==See also== {{USMCportallink}} {{-}} ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Charles F. Bolden, Jr.}} * [http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/bolden_bio.html Official Biography as Administrator] * [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/bolden-cf.html Official NASA biography] * [http://www.usmc.mil/genbios2.nsf/biographies/81BE83E89B03DDC88525680B000CC9F0?opendocument Official USMC Biography] * [http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/bolden_charles.htm Spacefacts biography of Charles F. Bolden, Jr.] * [http://www.militarychild.org/about-us/board-of-directors Military Child Education Coalition Board of Directors] {{NASAadmin}} {{NASA Astronaut Group 9}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bolden, Charles F., Jr.}} [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:Administrators of NASA]] [[Category:American astronauts]] [[Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from South Carolina]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]] [[Category:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:United States Marine Corps generals]] [[Category:United States Naval Academy graduates]] [[Category:University of South Carolina alumni]] [[da:Charles Bolden]] [[de:Charles Frank Bolden]] [[et:Charles Bolden]] [[fr:Charles F. Bolden]] [[it:Charles Frank Bolden]] [[he:צ'ארלס בולדן]] [[lv:Čārlzs Boldens]] [[pt:Charles Bolden Jr.]] [[ru:Болден, Чарльз Фрэнк]] [[sk:Charles Frank Bolden]] [[fi:Charles Bolden]] [[sv:Charles F. Bolden]]'
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