Edit filter log

'{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}} {{See Wiktionary|the Montreal newspaper|devoir}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = Le Devoir | logo = Logo_Le_Devoir.svg | image = [[Image:2003 Quebec general election, Le Devoir.jpg|225px|centre|''The battle of three begins.'' ''Le Devoir'' on the 2003 Quebec election.]] | type = Daily newspaper | format = [[Broadsheet]] | foundation = 1910 | owners = Le Devoir Inc. | headquarters = 1265, [[Berri Street|rue Berri]]<br />[[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]<br />H3A 3M9 | political = [[Quebec nationalism]], [[Quebec independence]], [[social democracy]] | circulation = 29,812 daily, 48,228 Saturday in 2011<ref name="ecirc">[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (North America)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] [http://www.accessabc.com/products/freereports.htm e-Circ data] for the six months ending September 30, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2012.</ref> | publisher = [[Brian Myles]] | editor = [[Marie-Andrée Chouinard]] | website = [https://www.ledevoir.com www.ledevoir.com] | ISSN = 0319-0722 }} '''''Le Devoir''''' is a French-language newspaper published in [[Montreal]] and distributed in [[Quebec]] and throughout Canada. It was founded by journalist, politician, and [[Quebec nationalism|nationalist]] [[Henri Bourassa]] in 1910. ''Le Devoir'' is one of few independent large-circulation newspapers in Quebec (and one of the few in Canada) in a market dominated by the [[media conglomerate]] [[Quebecor]] (including ''[[Le Journal de Montréal]]''). Historically ''Le Devoir'' was considered Canada's francophone [[newspaper of record]],<ref>[https://communication.revues.org/2784?lang=en "Les parlementaires québécois et Le Devoir dans le monde des médias"]. ''Communication'', Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012).</ref> although in the 21st century it has been challenged for that title by the increased status of competitor ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/10/10/f-electionquebecvoices.html |title=Endorsements, opinions flourish in Quebec |date=2008-10-10|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|cbc.ca]]|accessdate=2010-01-17}}</ref> == History == [[Henri Bourassa]], a young and promising [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] MP from [[Montreal]], rose to national prominence in 1899 when he resigned his seat in [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] in protest at the Liberal government's decision to send troops to support the British in the [[South African War]] of 1899–1902.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000912 Bourassa, Henri<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Bourassa was opposed to all Canadian participation in British wars and would go on to become a key figure in fighting for an independent Canadian foreign policy. He is considered both a forebear of French-Canadian nationalists as well as a Canadian nationalist more generally. He was also an early promoter of the bicultural Anglo-French conception of Canada, and an impassioned advocate for the political and cultural equality of all French Canadians within Confederation, wherever they may reside.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In 1910 he founded ''Le Devoir'' as an outlet for his anti-imperialist [[Ligue nationaliste]] and to fight for the rights of French Canadians within Confederation. In its maiden edition, published January 10, 1910, Bourassa explained the name ("the duty" in English) and mission of the newspaper thus: "To ensure the triumph of ideas over appetites, of the public good over partisan interests, there is but one means: awake in the people, and above all in the ruling classes, a sense of public duty in all its forms: religious duty, national duty, civic duty."<ref>[https://www.ledevoir.com/histoire/bourassa1.html Avant le combat – ''Le Devoir''<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Bourassa headed the newspaper until August 3, 1932, when he was replaced by [[Georges Pelletier]]. After the death of Pelletier in early 1947, the role of editor-in-chief would pass to [[Gérard Filion]], ex-editor of ''La Terre de chez nous,'' under whose reign the paper would publish highly controversial critiques of [[Maurice Duplessis]]'s government in Quebec by journalists and figures such as [[André Laurendeau]]. [[Claude Ryan]], a [[Quebec federalist ideology|federalist]], took the helm in 1964, followed by Jean-Louis Roy in 1980 and Benoit Lauzière in 1986. In 1990 the paper got its first woman editor-in-chief when [[Lise Bissonnette]] succeeded Lauzière, firmly establishing the paper's sovereigntist orientation following the federalist years of Ryan and his successors.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> She would continue on in her post until 1998, with the current editor-in-chief, Bernard Descôteaux, taking over the following year. While the paper has in recent times becomes associated with the Quebec nationalist movement, it is important to note that Bourassa himself was in fact opposed to the notion of a separate [[territorial entity]] for the majority French-speaking province, believing instead in an Anglo-French conception of Canada in which French-speaking Canadians would see their culture recognized as equal and protected and encouraged from coast to coast. Instances of this view can be found in both his campaign for Franco-Ontarian rights as well as his ardent opposition to controversial priest and historian [[Lionel Groulx]] in the 1920s following Groulx's musing on the possibility and desirabilitytrip to Acadia ([[Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia|Grand-Pré]]), 1924]]Le Devoir began as several other businesses besides the newspaper. These ventures included a general printer and publishing house, a bookstore, and a travel agency. Trips were initially organized to coincide with Catholic congresses around the world, as well as for "pilgrimages", allowing Quebecois to visit the French diaspora across North America. Such trips included Acadia (1924, 1927), Ontario (1925), and Louisiana (1931). The purpose of the travel venture was, said Napoleon Lafortune, to "extend the 'work' of the newspaper to defend the French language and the Catholic faith, but by other means."<ref>Paul Bennett, "[https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledevoir.com%2Fplaisirs%2Fvoyage%2F280709%2Fprendre-la-route-avec-le-devoir&edit-text=&act=url Prendre la route avec Le Devoir]," 9 January 2010</ref> The unusual service officially lasted from 1924 to 1947, though it effectively ended at the start of World War II when international civilian travel became very difficult. ''Le Devoir'' has a relatively low circulation of about 34,000 on weekdays and 58,000 on Saturdays. Its financial situation has often been precarious, and recent years are no exception: in 2002, it had revenues of $14,376,530, with a meager profit of $13,524, while the previous year it had made a small loss. == Other information == The newspaper's slogan is ''"Fais ce que dois"'' (Do what [you] must). ''"Le Devoir"'' means "the duty" in French. In 1993, following a redesign by Lucie Lacava, a Montreal-based design consultant, the [[Society for News Design]] awarded ''Le Devoir'' Best of Show award for "Overall Design Excellence" and in 1994 the same group awarded it its Gold award in the Feature Design category.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://office.snd.org/about/history_contests.html#15|title=Society of News Design - Best of Newspaper Design|website=office.snd.org|language=en|access-date=2017-01-25}}</ref> In September 2011, the [[National Film Board of Canada]] and ''Le Devoir'' announced that they will be jointly hosting three interactive essays on their websites, ONF.ca and ledevoir.com.<ref name=devoir>{{cite news|title=L'ONF et Le Devoir s'associent pour diffuser des essais interactifs|url=http://www.cyberpresse.ca/arts/medias/201109/13/01-4447261-lonf-et-le-devoir-sassocient-pour-diffuser-des-essais-interactifs.php|accessdate=September 15, 2011|newspaper=[[Cyberpresse]]|date=September 13, 2011|location=Montreal|language=French}}</ref> ''Le Devoir'' headquarters have been located in Montreal at 71A [[Saint Jacques Street|rue Saint-Jacques]] from 1910 to 1914; at 443 rue Saint-Vincent in [[Old Montreal]] from 1914 to 1924; at 430 [[Notre-Dame Street|rue Notre-Dame East]] from 1924 to 1972; at 211 rue du Saint-Sacrement from 1972 to 1992, at 2050 [[Park Avenue (Montreal)|rue de Bleury]] from 1992 to 2016; before moving to 1265 [[Berri Street|rue Berri]] on 11 December 2016.<ref>{{fr}} [https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/actualites-en-societe/486843/une-page-se-tourne-mais-l-aventure-du-devoir-se-poursuit «Le Devoir», un journal qui déménage], Jean Dion, ''Le Devoir'', 10 December 2016.</ref> == Editors-in-chief == * [[Henri Bourassa]] (1910–1932) * [[Georges Pelletier]] (1932–1947) * [[Gérard Filion]] (1947–1963) * [[Claude Ryan]] (1963–1978) * [[Jean-Louis Roy]] (1980–1986) * [[Benoît Lauzière]] (1986–1990) * [[Lise Bissonnette]] (1990–1998) * [[Bernard Descôteaux]] (1999–2016) * [[Luce Julien]] (2016–current) == Contributors == Notable contributors have included the following. * [[Stéphane Baillargeon]] * [[Pierre Bourgault]] * [[Sylvain Cormier]] * [[Gil Courtemanche]] * [[Michel David]] * [[Fabien Deglise]] * [[Henriette Dessaulles (Fadette)]] * [[Jean Dion]] * [[Louis Hamelin]] * [[Chantal Hébert]] * [[Normand Hudon]] * [[Napoléon Lafortune]] * [[Pierre Laporte]] * [[André Laurendeau]] * [[Jean-Marc Léger]] * [[Gilles Marcotte]] * [[Christian Rioux]] * [[Michel Roy]] * [[Paul Sauriol]] * [[Michel Venne]] == See also == * [[List of Quebec media]] *[[List of newspapers in Canada]] == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == External links == * {{official website|https://www.ledevoir.com|mobile=http://m.ledevoir.com}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Devoir, Le}} [[Category:French-language newspapers published in Quebec]] [[Category:Newspapers published in Montreal]] [[Category:Quebec sovereigntist media]] [[Category:Daily newspapers published in Quebec]] [[Category:Publications established in 1910]] [[Category:1910 establishments in Quebec]]'