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| image_file = 'David' by Michelangelo Fir JBU002.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| title = David
| subject = Biblical [[David]]
| artist = [[Michelangelo]]
| year = 1501–1504
| medium = [[Marble sculpture]]
| height_metric = 517
| height_imperial = 17
| width_metric = 199
| width_imperial = 6.5
| metric_unit = cm
| imperial_unit = ft
| city = [[Florence]], [[Italy]]
| museum = [[Galleria dell'Accademia]]
}}
'''''David''''' is a masterpiece of [[Renaissance]] sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist [[Michelangelo]]. ''David'' is a {{convert|5.17|m|adj=on}}{{efn|The height of the David was recorded incorrectly and the mistake proliferated through many art history publications. The accurate height was only determined in 1998–99 when a team from [[Stanford University]] went to Florence to try out a project on digitally imaging large [[Three-dimensional space|3D]] objects by photographing sculptures by Michelangelo and found that the sculpture was taller than any of the sources had indicated. See [http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/more-david/more-david.html] and [http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/publicity/faq.html#height%20of%20the%20David].}} [[marble statue]] of the [[Bible|Biblical]] hero [[David]], a favoured subject in the art of [[Florence]].<ref>See, for example, Donatello's 2 versions of [[Donatello's David|David]]; [[David (Verrocchio)|Verrocchio's bronze ''David'']]; [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]]'s painting of David; and [[Bartolomeo Bellano]]'s bronze ''David.''</ref>
''David'' was originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of [[Florence Cathedral]], but was instead placed in a public square, outside the [[Palazzo Vecchio]], the seat of civic government in Florence, in the Piazza della Signoria where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504. The statue was moved to the [[Galleria dell'Accademia]], Florence, in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by [[Replicas of Michelangelo's David|a replica]].
[[File:David (Michelangelo).stl|thumb|261x261px|3D model]]
Because of the nature of the hero it represented, the statue soon came to symbolize the defence of civil liberties embodied in the [[Republic of Florence]], an independent [[city-state]] threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the [[hegemony]] of the [[House of Medici|Medici family]]. The eyes of ''David'', with a warning glare, were fixated towards [[Rome]].<ref>This theory was first proposed by Saul Levine "The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504, ''The Art Bulletin'' 56 (1974): 31–49.</ref>
==History==
===Commission===
[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU10.JPG|thumb|250px|upright|''David'', modelling of the marble.]]
The history of the statue begins before [[Michelangelo]]'s work on it from 1501 to 1504.<ref>The genesis of ''David'' was discussed in Seymour 1967 and in Coonin 2014.</ref> Prior to Michelangelo's involvement, the Overseers of the Office of Works of [[Florence Cathedral]], consisting mostly of members of the influential woolen cloth guild, the [[Arte della Lana]], had plans to commission a series of twelve large [[Old Testament]] sculptures for the [[buttress]]es of the cathedral.<ref>Charles Seymour, Jr. "''Homo Magnus et Albus:'' the Quattrocento Background for Michelangelo's ''David'' of 1501–04," ''Stil und Überlieferung in der Kunst des Abendlandes'', Berlin, 1967, II, 96–105.</ref> In 1410, [[Donatello]] made the first of the statues, a figure of [[Joshua]] in [[terracotta]]. A figure of [[Hercules]], also in terracotta, was commissioned from the Florentine sculptor [[Agostino di Duccio]] in 1463 and was made perhaps under Donatello's direction.<ref>Seymour, 100–101.</ref> Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the ''Operai'' contracted Agostino<ref name=Milanesi/> to create a sculpture of David.
A block of [[marble]] was provided from a quarry in [[Carrara]], a town in the [[Apuan Alps]] in northern Tuscany. Agostino<!---NOTE: It is correct to use his first name. Not the MODERN convention.---> only got as far as beginning to shape the legs, feet and the torso, roughing out some [[drapery]] and probably gouging a hole between the legs. His association with the project ceased, for reasons unknown, with the death of Donatello in 1466, and ten years later [[Antonio Rossellino]] was commissioned to take up where Agostino had left off.
Rossellino's contract was terminated soon thereafter, and the block of marble remained neglected for 26 years, all the while exposed to the elements in the yard of the cathedral workshop. This was of great concern to the ''Opera'' authorities, as such a large piece of marble was not only costly, but represented a large amount of labour and difficulty in its transportation to Florence.
In 1500, an inventory of the cathedral workshops described the piece as "a certain figure of marble called David, badly blocked out and supine."<ref>Giovanni Gaye, ''Carteggio inedito d'artisti del sec. XIV, XV, XVI,'' Florence: 1839–40, 2: 454 and Charles Seymour, ''Michelangelo's David: A Search for Identity,'' Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1967, 134–137, doc. 34.</ref> A year later, documents showed that the ''Operai'' were determined to find an artist who could take this large piece of marble and turn it into a finished work of art. They ordered the block of stone, which they called 'the Giant',<ref>{{cite book |last1=De la Croix |first1=Horst |last2=Tansey |first2=Richard G. |last3=Kirkpatrick |first3=Diane |title=Gardner's Art Through the Ages |date=1991 |publisher=Thomson/Wadsworth |isbn=0-15-503769-2 |edition=9th |p=651 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard }}</ref> "raised on its feet" so that a master experienced in this kind of work might examine it and express an opinion. Though [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and others were consulted, it was Michelangelo, at 26 years of age, who convinced the ''Operai'' that he deserved the commission.<ref>{{cite book|last=Coughlan|first=Robert|title=The World of Michelangelo: 1475–1564|others=et al|publisher=Time-Life Books|year=1966|p=85}}</ref> On 16 August 1501, Michelangelo was given the official contract to undertake this challenging new task.<ref name=Milanesi>Gaetano Milanesi, ''Le lettere di Michelangelo Buonarroti pubblicati coi ricordi ed i contratti artistici,'' Florence, 1875, 620–623: "...the Consuls of the ''Arte della Lana'' and the Lords Overseers being met Overseers, have chosen as sculptor to the said Cathedral the worthy master, Michelangelo, the son of Lodovico Buonarrotti, a citizen of Florence, to the end that he may make, finish and bring to perfection the male figure known as the Giant, nine ''braccia'' in height, already blocked out in marble by Maestro Agostino ''grande,'' of Florence, and badly blocked; and now stored in the workshops of the Cathedral. The work shall be completed within the period and term of two years next ensuing, beginning from the first day of September next ensuing, with a salary and payment together in joint assembly within the hall of the said of six broad florins of gold in gold for every month. And for all other works that shall be required about the said building (edificium) the said Overseers bind themselves to supply and provide both men and scaffolding from their office and all else that may be necessary. When the said work and the said male figure of marble shall be finished, then the Consuls and Overseers who shall at that time be in authority shall judge whether it merits a higher reward, being guided therein by the dictates of their own consciences."</ref> He began carving the statue early in the morning on 13 September, a month after he was awarded the contract. He would work on the massive statue for more than two years.
===Placement===
[[File:Firenze.David01.JPG|left|thumb|A replica of ''David'' now stands outside the [[Palazzo Vecchio]].]]
[[File:Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|345x345px|Michelangelo, ''[https://library.nga.gov/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma994104775504896&context=L&vid=01NGA_INST:IMAGE&search_scope=ImageCollections&tab=ImageCollections&lang=en David]'', marble sculpture, 1504. Photographed by John Brampton Philpot outside the Palazzo Vecchio. [https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections/features/philpot-florence.html National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections].]]
On 25 January 1504, when the sculpture was nearing completion, Florentine authorities had to acknowledge there would be little possibility of raising the more than six-ton statue to the roof of the cathedral.<ref>The statue has not been weighed, but an estimate of its weight was circulated in 2004, when the statue was cleaned. See a CBS news report of [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/05/24/world/main619245.shtml 8 March 2004].</ref> They convened a committee of 30 Florentine citizens that comprised many artists, including Leonardo da Vinci and [[Sandro Botticelli]], to decide on an appropriate site for ''David''.<ref>The minutes of the meeting were published in Giovanni Gaye, ''Carteggio inedito d'artisti del sec. XIV, XV, XVI,'' Florence, 1839–40, 2: 454–463. For an English translation of the document, see Seymour, ''Michelangelo's David,'' 140–155 and for an analysis, see Saul Levine, "The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504, ''Art Bulletin'' 56 (1974): 31–49; N. Randolph Parks, "The Placement of Michelangelo's ''David:'' A Review of the Documents," ''Art Bulletin,'' 57 (1975) 560–570; and Rona Goffen, ''Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian,'' New Haven, 2002, 123–127.</ref> While nine different locations for the statue were discussed, the majority of members seem to have been closely split between two sites.
One group, led by [[Giuliano da Sangallo]] and supported by Leonardo and [[Piero di Cosimo]], among others, believed that, due to the imperfections in the marble, the sculpture should be placed under the roof of the [[Loggia dei Lanzi]] on [[Piazza della Signoria]]; the other group thought it should stand at the entrance to the Palazzo della Signoria, the city's town hall (now known as [[Palazzo Vecchio]]). Another opinion, supported by Botticelli, was that the sculpture should be situated on or near the cathedral.
In June 1504, ''David'' was installed next to the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio, replacing Donatello's [[bronze sculpture]] of [[Judith and Holofernes (Donatello)|''Judith and Holofernes'']], which embodied a comparable theme of heroic resistance. It took four days to move the statue the half mile from Michelangelo's workshop into the Piazza della Signoria. Later that summer the sling and tree-stump support were gilded, and the figure was given a gilded loin-garland.{{sfnp|Goffen|2002|p=130}}<ref>Coonin, 2014, pp. 90–94.</ref>
===Later history===
[[File:Michelangelo's David.JPG|thumb|right|''David'' [[Galleria dell'Accademia]].]]
In the mid 1800s, small cracks were noticed on the left leg on ''David'' which can possibly be attributed to an uneven sinking of the ground under the massive statue.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=A.|first=Borri|year=2006|title=Diagnostic analysis of the lesions and stability of Michelangelo's David|journal=Journal of Cultural Heritage|volume=7|issue=4|pages=273–285|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/j.culher.2006.06.004}}</ref>
In 1873, the statue of ''David'' was removed from the piazza, to protect it from damage, and displayed in the [[Galleria dell'Accademia|Accademia Gallery]], Florence, where it attracted many visitors. A replica was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1910.<ref>Coonin, 2014.</ref>
In 1991 Piero Cannata, an artist who the police described as deranged, attacked the statue with a hammer he had concealed beneath his jacket. He later said that a 16th century Venetian painter's model ordered him to do so.<ref name=damage>"a man the police described as deranged, broke part of a toe with a hammer, saying a 16th century Venetian painter's model ordered him to do so." Cowell, Alan. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3DC103CF936A2575AC0A967958260 "Michelangelo's David Is Damaged"], ''New York Times'', 1991-09-15. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.</ref> Cannata was restrained as he was in the process of damaging the toes of the left foot.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/health/HealthRepublish_1512809.htm Rossella Lorenzi, ''Art lovers go nuts over dishy David''], ABC Science, Monday, 21 November 2005</ref>
On 12 November 2010, a fiberglass replica<ref name="discovery">{{cite web|title=Michelangelo's David as It Was Meant to Be Seen : Discovery News|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=news.discovery.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525153611/http://news.discovery.com/history/standing-on-a-pedestal-high-up-by-florence-cathedrals-dome-a-400-kg-fiberglass-reproduction-of-michelangelos-david-h.htm|archive-date=25 May 2016|url=http://news.discovery.com/history/standing-on-a-pedestal-high-up-by-florence-cathedrals-dome-a-400-kg-fiberglass-reproduction-of-michelangelos-david-h.htm|accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> of the ''David'' was installed on the roofline of [[Florence Cathedral]], for one day only. Photographs of the installation reveal the statue the way the ''Operai'' who commissioned the work originally expected it to be seen.
In 2010, a dispute over the ownership of ''David'' arose when, based on a legal review of historical documents, the municipality of Florence claimed ownership of the statue in opposition to the Italian Culture Ministry, which disputes the municipality claim.<ref>{{cite news|title=Who Owns Michelangelo’s ‘David’?|first=Elisabetta|last=Povoledo|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/01/world/europe/01david.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=31 August 2010|accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Florence vs Italy: Michelangelo's David at centre of ownership row|first=Nick|last=Pisa|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/7946627/Florence-vs-Italy-Michelangelos-David-at-centre-of-ownership-row.html|publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London)|date=16 August 2010|accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref>
[[File:'David'_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg|thumb|''David''{{'}}s eyes look towards Rome.]]
==Interpretation==
{{refimprove section|date=September 2016}}
[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU14.JPG|thumb|left|Close-up of ''David''.]]
The pose of Michelangelo's ''David'' is unlike that of earlier Renaissance depictions of David. The bronze statues by [[David (Donatello)|Donatello]] and [[David (Verrocchio)|Verrocchio]] represented the hero standing victorious over the head of Goliath, and the painter [[Andrea del Castagno]] had shown the boy in mid-swing, even as Goliath's head rested between his feet,<ref name="wikimedia">{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andrea_del_castagno,_scudo_di_david_con_la_testa_di_golia,_1450-55_circa,_02.JPG|title=File:Andrea del castagno, scudo di david con la testa di golia, 1450-55 circa, 02.JPG – Wikimedia Commons|publisher=commons.wikimedia.org|accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> but no earlier Florentine artist had omitted the giant altogether. According to [[Helen Gardner (art historian)|Helen Gardner]] and other scholars, David is depicted before his battle with Goliath.<ref>Helen Gardner, Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. MamiyaIt, ''Gardner's Art Through the Ages'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=aSV_y8aSbycC&pg=PA502&lpg=PA502&dq=Gardner's+art+through+the+ages.+michelangelo's+david&resnum=1&ct=result retrieved February 17, 2009]</ref><ref>Howard Hibbard, ''Michelangelo,'' New York: Harper & Row, 1974, 59–61; Anthony Hughes, ''Michelangelo,'' London: Phaidon, 1997, 74.</ref> Instead of being shown victorious over a foe much larger than he, David looks tense and ready for combat.
The statue appears to show David after he has made the decision to fight Goliath but before the battle has actually taken place, a moment between conscious choice and action – fight and flight. His brow is drawn, his neck tense, and the veins bulge out of his lowered right hand. His left hand holds a sling that is draped over his shoulder and down to his right hand, which holds a rock.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michelangelo-gallery.com/david.aspx|title=David Sculpture, Michelango's David, Michelangelo Gallery}}</ref> The twist of his body effectively conveys to the viewer the feeling that he is in motion, an impression heightened with [[contrapposto]]. The statue is a Renaissance interpretation of a common ancient Greek theme of the standing heroic male nude. In the High Renaissance, contrapposto poses were thought of as a distinctive feature of antique sculpture. This is typified in ''David'', as the figure stands with one leg holding its full weight and the other leg forward. This classic pose causes the figure's hips and shoulders to rest at opposing angles, giving a slight s-curve to the entire torso. The contrapposto is emphasized by the turn of the head to the left, and by the contrasting positions of the arms.
Michelangelo's ''David'' has become one of the most recognized works of Renaissance sculpture, a symbol of strength and youthful beauty.
[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU08.JPG|thumb|left|''David''{{'s}} right hand.]]
Just the colossal size of the statue impressed Michelangelo's contemporaries. [[Giorgio Vasari|Vasari]] described it as "certainly a miracle that of Michelangelo, to restore to life one who was dead," and then listed all of the largest and most grand of the ancient statues that he had ever seen, concluding that Michelangelo's work surpassed "all ancient and modern statues, whether Greek or Latin, that have ever existed."<ref>Giorgio Vasari, ''Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori nelle redazioni del 1550 e 1568,'' ed. Rosanna Bettarini and Paola Barocchi, Florence, 1966–87, 6: 21.</ref>
The proportions of the ''David'' are atypical of Michelangelo's work; the figure has an unusually large head and hands (particularly apparent in the right hand). The small size of the genitals, though, is in line with his other works and with Renaissance conventions in general, perhaps referencing the ancient Greek ideal of pre-pubescent male nudity. These enlargements may be due to the fact that the statue was originally intended to be placed on the cathedral roofline, where the important parts of the sculpture may have been accentuated in order to be visible from below. The statue is unusually, yet fascinatingly slender (front to back) in comparison to its height, which may be a result of the work done on the block before Michelangelo began carving it.
It is possible that the ''David'' was conceived as a political statue before Michelangelo began to work on it.<ref>Levine, 45–46.</ref> Certainly David the giant-killer had long been seen as a political figure in Florence, and images of the Biblical hero already carried political implications there.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Butterfield | first1 = Andrew | year = 1995 | title = New Evidence for the Iconography of David in Quattrocento Florence | url = | journal = I Tatti Studies | volume = 8 | issue = | pages = 115–133 }}</ref> Donatello's bronze ''David,'' made for the Medici family, perhaps {{circa}} 1440, had been appropriated by the [[Signoria]] in 1494, when the Medici were exiled from Florence, and the statue was installed in the courtyard of the [[Palazzo Vecchio|Palazzo della Signoria]], where it stood for the Republican government of the city. By placing Michelangelo's statue in the same general location, the Florentine authorities ensured that ''David'' would be seen as a political parallel as well as an artistic response to that earlier work. These political overtones led to the statue being attacked twice in its early days. Protesters pelted it with stones the year it debuted, and, in 1527, an anti-Medici riot resulted in its left arm being broken into three pieces.
Commentators have noted the presence of [[foreskin]] on ''David''{{'s}} penis, which is at odds with the [[Brit milah|Judaic practice]] of [[circumcision]], but is consistent with the conventions of Renaissance art.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 1279184 | pmid=12356979 | volume=95 | issue=10 | title=Michelangelo and medicine | journal=J R Soc Med | pages=514–5 | last1 = Strauss | first1 = RM | last2 = Marzo-Ortega | first2 = H | doi=10.1258/jrsm.95.10.514 | year=2002}}</ref><ref>Coonin, 2014, pp. 105-108.</ref>
==Conservation==
During World War II, ''David'' was entombed in brick to protect it from damage from airborne bombs.
[[File:Detail of David's damaged left foot..jpg|thumb|Detail of ''David''{{'}}s damaged left foot, caused by exposure to the elements and in 1991 when a deranged man hit it with a concealed hammer.]]
In 1991, the foot of the statue was damaged by a man with a hammer.<ref name=damage/> The samples obtained from that incident allowed scientists to determine that the [[marble]] used was obtained from the Fantiscritti [[quarry|quarries]] in [[Miseglia]], the central of three small valleys in [[Carrara]]. The marble in question contains many microscopic holes that cause it to deteriorate faster than other marbles. Because of the marble's degradation, from 2003 to 2004 the statue was given its first major cleaning since 1843. Some experts opposed the use of water to clean the statue, fearing further deterioration. Under the direction of Franca Falleti, senior restorers Monica Eichmann and Cinzia Parnigoni undertook the job of restoring the statue.<ref>Eric Scigliano. "Inglorious Restorations. Destroying Old Masterpieces in Order to Save Them." ''Harper's Magazine''. August 2005, 61–68.</ref>
In 2008, plans were proposed to insulate the statue from the vibration of tourists' footsteps at Florence's Galleria dell'Accademia, to prevent damage to the marble.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7626093.stm|title=Michelangelo's David 'may crack'|work=BBC News|date=19 September 2008|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref>
===Replicas===
{{Main|Replicas of Michelangelo's David}}
{{Height comparison of notable statues}}
''David'' has stood on display at Florence's Galleria dell'Accademia since 1873. In addition to the full-sized replica occupying the spot of the original in front of the [[Palazzo Vecchio]], a bronze version overlooks Florence from the [[Piazzale Michelangelo]]. The plaster [[Casting|cast]] of ''David'' at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] has a detachable plaster [[fig leaf]] which is displayed nearby. Legend claims that the fig leaf was created in response to [[Queen Victoria]]'s shock upon first viewing the statue's nudity, and was hung on the figure prior to royal visits, using two strategically placed hooks.<ref name="V&A">{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/d/davids-fig-leaf/|title=David's Fig Leaf|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|accessdate=29 May 2007}}</ref>
''David'' has often been reproduced,<ref>" You need not travel to Florence to see Michelangelo's ''David''. You can see it well enough for educational purposes in reproduction," asserted E. B. Feldman in 1973 (Feldman, "The teacher as model critic", ''Journal of Aesthetic Education'', 1973).</ref> in plaster and imitation marble fibreglass, signifying an attempt to lend an atmosphere of culture even in some unlikely settings such as beach resorts, gambling casinos and model railroads.<ref>That "typical examples of kitsch include fridge magnets showing Michelangelo’s ''David''." is reported even in the ''[[British Medical Journal]]'' (J Launer, "Medical kitsch", BMJ, 2000)</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of works by Michelangelo]]
* [[List of statues by height]]
==References==
;'''Notes'''
{{notelist|notes=}}
;'''Citations'''
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
{{external media|width=210px|align=right
|headerimage=[[File:David di Michelangelo2.jpg|210px]]
|video1=[http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/Michelangelo-David.html Michelangelo's ''David''], [[Smarthistory]]<ref name="smarth">{{cite web|title=Michelangelo's David|publisher=[[Smarthistory]] at [[Khan Academy]]|url=http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/Michelangelo-David.html|accessdate=18 March 2013}}</ref>}}
* Coonin, A. Victor, ''From Marble to Flesh: The Biography of Michelangelo’s David'', Florence: The Florentine Press, 2014. {{ISBN|9788897696025}}.
* {{cite book|last=Goffen|first=Rona|title=Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian|year=2002|publisher=Yale University Press|ref=harv}}
* Hall, James, ''Michelangelo and the Reinvention of the Human Body'' New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.
* Hartt, Frederick, ''Michelangelo: the complete sculpture,'' New York: Abrams Books,1982.
* Hibbard, Howard. ''Michelangelo,'' New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
* Hirst Michael, “Michelangelo In Florence: ''David'' In 1503 and ''Hercules'' In 1506,” ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]'', 142 (2000): 487–492.
* Hughes, Anthony, ''Michelangelo,'' London: Phaidon Press, 1997.
* Levine, Saul, "The Location of Michelangelo's ''David'': The Meeting of January 25, 1504", ''[[The Art Bulletin]]'', 56 (1974): 31–49.
* {{cite book |last1=Natali |first1=Antonio|last2=Michelangelo |year=2014 |title=Michelangelo Inside and Outside the Uffizi |location=Florence |publisher=Maschietto |isbn=978-88-6394-085-5}}
* [[John Pope-Hennessy|Pope-Hennessy, John]], ''Italian High Renaissance and Baroque Sculpture''. London: Phaidon, 1996.
* Seymour, Charles, Jr. ''Michelangelo's David: a search for identity'' (Mellon Studies in the Humanities), Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967.
* Vasari, Giorgio, ''The Lives of the Artists'' (Penguin Books), “Life of Michelangelo”, pp. 325–442.
==External links==
{{Commons category|Michelangelo's David}}
* [https://www.michelangelo.org/david.jsp 10 Facts That You Don't Know About Michelangelo's David ],
* [http://www.artbible.info/art/large/338.html Michelangelo Buonarroti: ''David''], ''Art and the Bible''
* [http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/ The Digital Michelangelo Project], Stanford University
* [http://www.michelangelomodels.com/m-models/david.html Models of wax and clay used by Michelangelo in making his sculpture and paintings]
* [http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/David_by_michelangelo.html The Museums of Florence – The ''David'' of Michelangelo]
{{Florence landmarks}}
{{Michelangelo|sculpture}}
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:16th-century sculptures]]
[[Category:Sculptures of the Galleria dell'Accademia]]
[[Category:Marble sculptures in Italy]]
[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Florence]]<!-- was outside and a copy is still outside -->
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Florence]]
[[Category:Sculptures by Michelangelo]]
[[Category:Sculptures depicting David]]
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[[Category:Vandalized works of art]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Florence]]
[[Category:Colossal statues]]
[[Category:Nude sculptures]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Sculpture
| image_file = 'David' by Michelangelo Fir JBU002.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| title = David
| subject = Biblical [[David]]
| artist = [[Michelangelo]]
| year = 1501–1504
| medium = [[Marble sculpture]]
| height_metric = 517
| height_imperial = 17
| width_metric = 199
| width_imperial = 6.5
| metric_unit = cm
| imperial_unit = ft
| city = [[Florence]], [[Italy]]
| museum = [[Galleria dell'Accademia]]
}}
'''''David''''' is a masterpiece of [[Renaissance]] sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist [[Michelangelo]]. ''David'' is a {{convert|5.17|m|adj=on}}{{efn|The height of the David was recorded incorrectly and the mistake proliferated through many art history publications. The accurate height was only determined in 1998–99 when a team from [[Stanford University]] went to Florence to try out a project on digitally imaging large [[Three-dimensional space|3D]] objects by photographing sculptures by Michelangelo and found that the sculpture was taller than any of the sources had indicated. See [http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/more-david/more-david.html] and [http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/publicity/faq.html#height%20of%20the%20David].}} [[marble statue]] of the [[Bible|Biblical]] hero [[David]], a favoured subject in the art of [[Florence]].<ref>See, for example, Donatello's 2 versions of [[Donatello's David|David]]; [[David (Verrocchio)|Verrocchio's bronze ''David'']]; [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]]'s painting of David; and [[Bartolomeo Bellano]]'s bronze ''David.''</ref>
''David'' was originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of [[Florence Cathedral]], but was instead placed in a public square, outside the [[Palazzo Vecchio]], the seat of civic government in Florence, in the Piazza della Signoria where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504. The statue was moved to the [[Galleria dell'Accademia]], Florence, in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by [[Replicas of Michelangelo's David|a replica]].
[[File:David (Michelangelo).stl|thumb|261x261px|3D model]]
Because of the nature of the hero it represented, the statue soon came to symbolize the defence of civil liberties embodied in the [[Republic of Florence]], an independent [[city-state]] threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the [[hegemony]] of the [[House of Medici|Medici family]]. The eyes of ''David'', with a warning glare, were fixated towards [[Rome]].<ref>This theory was first proposed by Saul Levine "The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504, ''The Art Bulletin'' 56 (1974): 31–49.</ref>
==History==
===Commission===
[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU10.JPG|thumb|250px|upright|Dick and balls]]
The history of the statue begins before [[Michelangelo]]'s work on it from 1501 to 1504.<ref>The genesis of ''David'' was discussed in Seymour 1967 and in Coonin 2014.</ref> Prior to Michelangelo's involvement, the Overseers of the Office of Works of [[Florence Cathedral]], consisting mostly of members of the influential woolen cloth guild, the [[Arte della Lana]], had plans to commission a series of twelve large [[Old Testament]] sculptures for the [[buttress]]es of the cathedral.<ref>Charles Seymour, Jr. "''Homo Magnus et Albus:'' the Quattrocento Background for Michelangelo's ''David'' of 1501–04," ''Stil und Überlieferung in der Kunst des Abendlandes'', Berlin, 1967, II, 96–105.</ref> In 1410, [[Donatello]] made the first of the statues, a figure of [[Joshua]] in [[terracotta]]. A figure of [[Hercules]], also in terracotta, was commissioned from the Florentine sculptor [[Agostino di Duccio]] in 1463 and was made perhaps under Donatello's direction.<ref>Seymour, 100–101.</ref> Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the ''Operai'' contracted Agostino<ref name=Milanesi/> to create a sculpture of David.
A block of [[marble]] was provided from a quarry in [[Carrara]], a town in the [[Apuan Alps]] in northern Tuscany. Agostino<!---NOTE: It is correct to use his first name. Not the MODERN convention.---> only got as far as beginning to shape the legs, feet and the torso, roughing out some [[drapery]] and probably gouging a hole between the legs. His association with the project ceased, for reasons unknown, with the death of Donatello in 1466, and ten years later [[Antonio Rossellino]] was commissioned to take up where Agostino had left off.
Rossellino's contract was terminated soon thereafter, and the block of marble remained neglected for 26 years, all the while exposed to the elements in the yard of the cathedral workshop. This was of great concern to the ''Opera'' authorities, as such a large piece of marble was not only costly, but represented a large amount of labour and difficulty in its transportation to Florence.
In 1500, an inventory of the cathedral workshops described the piece as "a certain figure of marble called David, badly blocked out and supine."<ref>Giovanni Gaye, ''Carteggio inedito d'artisti del sec. XIV, XV, XVI,'' Florence: 1839–40, 2: 454 and Charles Seymour, ''Michelangelo's David: A Search for Identity,'' Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1967, 134–137, doc. 34.</ref> A year later, documents showed that the ''Operai'' were determined to find an artist who could take this large piece of marble and turn it into a finished work of art. They ordered the block of stone, which they called 'the Giant',<ref>{{cite book |last1=De la Croix |first1=Horst |last2=Tansey |first2=Richard G. |last3=Kirkpatrick |first3=Diane |title=Gardner's Art Through the Ages |date=1991 |publisher=Thomson/Wadsworth |isbn=0-15-503769-2 |edition=9th |p=651 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard }}</ref> "raised on its feet" so that a master experienced in this kind of work might examine it and express an opinion. Though [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and others were consulted, it was Michelangelo, at 26 years of age, who convinced the ''Operai'' that he deserved the commission.<ref>{{cite book|last=Coughlan|first=Robert|title=The World of Michelangelo: 1475–1564|others=et al|publisher=Time-Life Books|year=1966|p=85}}</ref> On 16 August 1501, Michelangelo was given the official contract to undertake this challenging new task.<ref name=Milanesi>Gaetano Milanesi, ''Le lettere di Michelangelo Buonarroti pubblicati coi ricordi ed i contratti artistici,'' Florence, 1875, 620–623: "...the Consuls of the ''Arte della Lana'' and the Lords Overseers being met Overseers, have chosen as sculptor to the said Cathedral the worthy master, Michelangelo, the son of Lodovico Buonarrotti, a citizen of Florence, to the end that he may make, finish and bring to perfection the male figure known as the Giant, nine ''braccia'' in height, already blocked out in marble by Maestro Agostino ''grande,'' of Florence, and badly blocked; and now stored in the workshops of the Cathedral. The work shall be completed within the period and term of two years next ensuing, beginning from the first day of September next ensuing, with a salary and payment together in joint assembly within the hall of the said of six broad florins of gold in gold for every month. And for all other works that shall be required about the said building (edificium) the said Overseers bind themselves to supply and provide both men and scaffolding from their office and all else that may be necessary. When the said work and the said male figure of marble shall be finished, then the Consuls and Overseers who shall at that time be in authority shall judge whether it merits a higher reward, being guided therein by the dictates of their own consciences."</ref> He began carving the statue early in the morning on 13 September, a month after he was awarded the contract. He would work on the massive statue for more than two years.
===Placement===
[[File:Firenze.David01.JPG|left|thumb|A replica of ''David'' now stands outside the [[Palazzo Vecchio]].]]
[[File:Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|345x345px|Michelangelo, ''[https://library.nga.gov/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma994104775504896&context=L&vid=01NGA_INST:IMAGE&search_scope=ImageCollections&tab=ImageCollections&lang=en David]'', marble sculpture, 1504. Photographed by John Brampton Philpot outside the Palazzo Vecchio. [https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections/features/philpot-florence.html National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections].]]
On 25 January 1504, when the sculpture was nearing completion, Florentine authorities had to acknowledge there would be little possibility of raising the more than six-ton statue to the roof of the cathedral.<ref>The statue has not been weighed, but an estimate of its weight was circulated in 2004, when the statue was cleaned. See a CBS news report of [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/05/24/world/main619245.shtml 8 March 2004].</ref> They convened a committee of 30 Florentine citizens that comprised many artists, including Leonardo da Vinci and [[Sandro Botticelli]], to decide on an appropriate site for ''David''.<ref>The minutes of the meeting were published in Giovanni Gaye, ''Carteggio inedito d'artisti del sec. XIV, XV, XVI,'' Florence, 1839–40, 2: 454–463. For an English translation of the document, see Seymour, ''Michelangelo's David,'' 140–155 and for an analysis, see Saul Levine, "The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504, ''Art Bulletin'' 56 (1974): 31–49; N. Randolph Parks, "The Placement of Michelangelo's ''David:'' A Review of the Documents," ''Art Bulletin,'' 57 (1975) 560–570; and Rona Goffen, ''Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian,'' New Haven, 2002, 123–127.</ref> While nine different locations for the statue were discussed, the majority of members seem to have been closely split between two sites.
One group, led by [[Giuliano da Sangallo]] and supported by Leonardo and [[Piero di Cosimo]], among others, believed that, due to the imperfections in the marble, the sculpture should be placed under the roof of the [[Loggia dei Lanzi]] on [[Piazza della Signoria]]; the other group thought it should stand at the entrance to the Palazzo della Signoria, the city's town hall (now known as [[Palazzo Vecchio]]). Another opinion, supported by Botticelli, was that the sculpture should be situated on or near the cathedral.
In June 1504, ''David'' was installed next to the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio, replacing Donatello's [[bronze sculpture]] of [[Judith and Holofernes (Donatello)|''Judith and Holofernes'']], which embodied a comparable theme of heroic resistance. It took four days to move the statue the half mile from Michelangelo's workshop into the Piazza della Signoria. Later that summer the sling and tree-stump support were gilded, and the figure was given a gilded loin-garland.{{sfnp|Goffen|2002|p=130}}<ref>Coonin, 2014, pp. 90–94.</ref>
===Later history===
[[File:Michelangelo's David.JPG|thumb|right|''David'' [[Galleria dell'Accademia]].]]
In the mid 1800s, small cracks were noticed on the left leg on ''David'' which can possibly be attributed to an uneven sinking of the ground under the massive statue.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=A.|first=Borri|year=2006|title=Diagnostic analysis of the lesions and stability of Michelangelo's David|journal=Journal of Cultural Heritage|volume=7|issue=4|pages=273–285|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/j.culher.2006.06.004}}</ref>
In 1873, the statue of ''David'' was removed from the piazza, to protect it from damage, and displayed in the [[Galleria dell'Accademia|Accademia Gallery]], Florence, where it attracted many visitors. A replica was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1910.<ref>Coonin, 2014.</ref>
In 1991 Piero Cannata, an artist who the police described as deranged, attacked the statue with a hammer he had concealed beneath his jacket. He later said that a 16th century Venetian painter's model ordered him to do so.<ref name=damage>"a man the police described as deranged, broke part of a toe with a hammer, saying a 16th century Venetian painter's model ordered him to do so." Cowell, Alan. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3DC103CF936A2575AC0A967958260 "Michelangelo's David Is Damaged"], ''New York Times'', 1991-09-15. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.</ref> Cannata was restrained as he was in the process of damaging the toes of the left foot.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/health/HealthRepublish_1512809.htm Rossella Lorenzi, ''Art lovers go nuts over dishy David''], ABC Science, Monday, 21 November 2005</ref>
On 12 November 2010, a fiberglass replica<ref name="discovery">{{cite web|title=Michelangelo's David as It Was Meant to Be Seen : Discovery News|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=news.discovery.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525153611/http://news.discovery.com/history/standing-on-a-pedestal-high-up-by-florence-cathedrals-dome-a-400-kg-fiberglass-reproduction-of-michelangelos-david-h.htm|archive-date=25 May 2016|url=http://news.discovery.com/history/standing-on-a-pedestal-high-up-by-florence-cathedrals-dome-a-400-kg-fiberglass-reproduction-of-michelangelos-david-h.htm|accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> of the ''David'' was installed on the roofline of [[Florence Cathedral]], for one day only. Photographs of the installation reveal the statue the way the ''Operai'' who commissioned the work originally expected it to be seen.
In 2010, a dispute over the ownership of ''David'' arose when, based on a legal review of historical documents, the municipality of Florence claimed ownership of the statue in opposition to the Italian Culture Ministry, which disputes the municipality claim.<ref>{{cite news|title=Who Owns Michelangelo’s ‘David’?|first=Elisabetta|last=Povoledo|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/01/world/europe/01david.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=31 August 2010|accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Florence vs Italy: Michelangelo's David at centre of ownership row|first=Nick|last=Pisa|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/7946627/Florence-vs-Italy-Michelangelos-David-at-centre-of-ownership-row.html|publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London)|date=16 August 2010|accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref>
[[File:'David'_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg|thumb|''David''{{'}}s eyes look towards Rome.]]
==Interpretation==
{{refimprove section|date=September 2016}}
[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU14.JPG|thumb|left|Close-up of ''David''.]]
The pose of Michelangelo's ''David'' is unlike that of earlier Renaissance depictions of David. The bronze statues by [[David (Donatello)|Donatello]] and [[David (Verrocchio)|Verrocchio]] represented the hero standing victorious over the head of Goliath, and the painter [[Andrea del Castagno]] had shown the boy in mid-swing, even as Goliath's head rested between his feet,<ref name="wikimedia">{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andrea_del_castagno,_scudo_di_david_con_la_testa_di_golia,_1450-55_circa,_02.JPG|title=File:Andrea del castagno, scudo di david con la testa di golia, 1450-55 circa, 02.JPG – Wikimedia Commons|publisher=commons.wikimedia.org|accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> but no earlier Florentine artist had omitted the giant altogether. According to [[Helen Gardner (art historian)|Helen Gardner]] and other scholars, David is depicted before his battle with Goliath.<ref>Helen Gardner, Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. MamiyaIt, ''Gardner's Art Through the Ages'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=aSV_y8aSbycC&pg=PA502&lpg=PA502&dq=Gardner's+art+through+the+ages.+michelangelo's+david&resnum=1&ct=result retrieved February 17, 2009]</ref><ref>Howard Hibbard, ''Michelangelo,'' New York: Harper & Row, 1974, 59–61; Anthony Hughes, ''Michelangelo,'' London: Phaidon, 1997, 74.</ref> Instead of being shown victorious over a foe much larger than he, David looks tense and ready for combat.
The statue appears to show David after he has made the decision to fight Goliath but before the battle has actually taken place, a moment between conscious choice and action – fight and flight. His brow is drawn, his neck tense, and the veins bulge out of his lowered right hand. His left hand holds a sling that is draped over his shoulder and down to his right hand, which holds a rock.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michelangelo-gallery.com/david.aspx|title=David Sculpture, Michelango's David, Michelangelo Gallery}}</ref> The twist of his body effectively conveys to the viewer the feeling that he is in motion, an impression heightened with [[contrapposto]]. The statue is a Renaissance interpretation of a common ancient Greek theme of the standing heroic male nude. In the High Renaissance, contrapposto poses were thought of as a distinctive feature of antique sculpture. This is typified in ''David'', as the figure stands with one leg holding its full weight and the other leg forward. This classic pose causes the figure's hips and shoulders to rest at opposing angles, giving a slight s-curve to the entire torso. The contrapposto is emphasized by the turn of the head to the left, and by the contrasting positions of the arms.
Michelangelo's ''David'' has become one of the most recognized works of Renaissance sculpture, a symbol of strength and youthful beauty.
[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU08.JPG|thumb|left|''David''{{'s}} right hand.]]
Just the colossal size of the statue impressed Michelangelo's contemporaries. [[Giorgio Vasari|Vasari]] described it as "certainly a miracle that of Michelangelo, to restore to life one who was dead," and then listed all of the largest and most grand of the ancient statues that he had ever seen, concluding that Michelangelo's work surpassed "all ancient and modern statues, whether Greek or Latin, that have ever existed."<ref>Giorgio Vasari, ''Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori nelle redazioni del 1550 e 1568,'' ed. Rosanna Bettarini and Paola Barocchi, Florence, 1966–87, 6: 21.</ref>
The proportions of the ''David'' are atypical of Michelangelo's work; the figure has an unusually large head and hands (particularly apparent in the right hand). The small size of the genitals, though, is in line with his other works and with Renaissance conventions in general, perhaps referencing the ancient Greek ideal of pre-pubescent male nudity. These enlargements may be due to the fact that the statue was originally intended to be placed on the cathedral roofline, where the important parts of the sculpture may have been accentuated in order to be visible from below. The statue is unusually, yet fascinatingly slender (front to back) in comparison to its height, which may be a result of the work done on the block before Michelangelo began carving it.
It is possible that the ''David'' was conceived as a political statue before Michelangelo began to work on it.<ref>Levine, 45–46.</ref> Certainly David the giant-killer had long been seen as a political figure in Florence, and images of the Biblical hero already carried political implications there.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Butterfield | first1 = Andrew | year = 1995 | title = New Evidence for the Iconography of David in Quattrocento Florence | url = | journal = I Tatti Studies | volume = 8 | issue = | pages = 115–133 }}</ref> Donatello's bronze ''David,'' made for the Medici family, perhaps {{circa}} 1440, had been appropriated by the [[Signoria]] in 1494, when the Medici were exiled from Florence, and the statue was installed in the courtyard of the [[Palazzo Vecchio|Palazzo della Signoria]], where it stood for the Republican government of the city. By placing Michelangelo's statue in the same general location, the Florentine authorities ensured that ''David'' would be seen as a political parallel as well as an artistic response to that earlier work. These political overtones led to the statue being attacked twice in its early days. Protesters pelted it with stones the year it debuted, and, in 1527, an anti-Medici riot resulted in its left arm being broken into three pieces.
Commentators have noted the presence of [[foreskin]] on ''David''{{'s}} penis, which is at odds with the [[Brit milah|Judaic practice]] of [[circumcision]], but is consistent with the conventions of Renaissance art.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 1279184 | pmid=12356979 | volume=95 | issue=10 | title=Michelangelo and medicine | journal=J R Soc Med | pages=514–5 | last1 = Strauss | first1 = RM | last2 = Marzo-Ortega | first2 = H | doi=10.1258/jrsm.95.10.514 | year=2002}}</ref><ref>Coonin, 2014, pp. 105-108.</ref>
==Conservation==
During World War II, ''David'' was entombed in brick to protect it from damage from airborne bombs.
[[File:Detail of David's damaged left foot..jpg|thumb|Detail of ''David''{{'}}s damaged left foot, caused by exposure to the elements and in 1991 when a deranged man hit it with a concealed hammer.]]
In 1991, the foot of the statue was damaged by a man with a hammer.<ref name=damage/> The samples obtained from that incident allowed scientists to determine that the [[marble]] used was obtained from the Fantiscritti [[quarry|quarries]] in [[Miseglia]], the central of three small valleys in [[Carrara]]. The marble in question contains many microscopic holes that cause it to deteriorate faster than other marbles. Because of the marble's degradation, from 2003 to 2004 the statue was given its first major cleaning since 1843. Some experts opposed the use of water to clean the statue, fearing further deterioration. Under the direction of Franca Falleti, senior restorers Monica Eichmann and Cinzia Parnigoni undertook the job of restoring the statue.<ref>Eric Scigliano. "Inglorious Restorations. Destroying Old Masterpieces in Order to Save Them." ''Harper's Magazine''. August 2005, 61–68.</ref>
In 2008, plans were proposed to insulate the statue from the vibration of tourists' footsteps at Florence's Galleria dell'Accademia, to prevent damage to the marble.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7626093.stm|title=Michelangelo's David 'may crack'|work=BBC News|date=19 September 2008|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref>
===Replicas===
{{Main|Replicas of Michelangelo's David}}
{{Height comparison of notable statues}}
''David'' has stood on display at Florence's Galleria dell'Accademia since 1873. In addition to the full-sized replica occupying the spot of the original in front of the [[Palazzo Vecchio]], a bronze version overlooks Florence from the [[Piazzale Michelangelo]]. The plaster [[Casting|cast]] of ''David'' at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] has a detachable plaster [[fig leaf]] which is displayed nearby. Legend claims that the fig leaf was created in response to [[Queen Victoria]]'s shock upon first viewing the statue's nudity, and was hung on the figure prior to royal visits, using two strategically placed hooks.<ref name="V&A">{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/d/davids-fig-leaf/|title=David's Fig Leaf|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|accessdate=29 May 2007}}</ref>
''David'' has often been reproduced,<ref>" You need not travel to Florence to see Michelangelo's ''David''. You can see it well enough for educational purposes in reproduction," asserted E. B. Feldman in 1973 (Feldman, "The teacher as model critic", ''Journal of Aesthetic Education'', 1973).</ref> in plaster and imitation marble fibreglass, signifying an attempt to lend an atmosphere of culture even in some unlikely settings such as beach resorts, gambling casinos and model railroads.<ref>That "typical examples of kitsch include fridge magnets showing Michelangelo’s ''David''." is reported even in the ''[[British Medical Journal]]'' (J Launer, "Medical kitsch", BMJ, 2000)</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of works by Michelangelo]]
* [[List of statues by height]]
==References==
;'''Notes'''
{{notelist|notes=}}
;'''Citations'''
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
{{external media|width=210px|align=right
|headerimage=[[File:David di Michelangelo2.jpg|210px]]
|video1=[http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/Michelangelo-David.html Michelangelo's ''David''], [[Smarthistory]]<ref name="smarth">{{cite web|title=Michelangelo's David|publisher=[[Smarthistory]] at [[Khan Academy]]|url=http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/Michelangelo-David.html|accessdate=18 March 2013}}</ref>}}
* Coonin, A. Victor, ''From Marble to Flesh: The Biography of Michelangelo’s David'', Florence: The Florentine Press, 2014. {{ISBN|9788897696025}}.
* {{cite book|last=Goffen|first=Rona|title=Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian|year=2002|publisher=Yale University Press|ref=harv}}
* Hall, James, ''Michelangelo and the Reinvention of the Human Body'' New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.
* Hartt, Frederick, ''Michelangelo: the complete sculpture,'' New York: Abrams Books,1982.
* Hibbard, Howard. ''Michelangelo,'' New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
* Hirst Michael, “Michelangelo In Florence: ''David'' In 1503 and ''Hercules'' In 1506,” ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]'', 142 (2000): 487–492.
* Hughes, Anthony, ''Michelangelo,'' London: Phaidon Press, 1997.
* Levine, Saul, "The Location of Michelangelo's ''David'': The Meeting of January 25, 1504", ''[[The Art Bulletin]]'', 56 (1974): 31–49.
* {{cite book |last1=Natali |first1=Antonio|last2=Michelangelo |year=2014 |title=Michelangelo Inside and Outside the Uffizi |location=Florence |publisher=Maschietto |isbn=978-88-6394-085-5}}
* [[John Pope-Hennessy|Pope-Hennessy, John]], ''Italian High Renaissance and Baroque Sculpture''. London: Phaidon, 1996.
* Seymour, Charles, Jr. ''Michelangelo's David: a search for identity'' (Mellon Studies in the Humanities), Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967.
* Vasari, Giorgio, ''The Lives of the Artists'' (Penguin Books), “Life of Michelangelo”, pp. 325–442.
==External links==
{{Commons category|Michelangelo's David}}
* [https://www.michelangelo.org/david.jsp 10 Facts That You Don't Know About Michelangelo's David ],
* [http://www.artbible.info/art/large/338.html Michelangelo Buonarroti: ''David''], ''Art and the Bible''
* [http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/ The Digital Michelangelo Project], Stanford University
* [http://www.michelangelomodels.com/m-models/david.html Models of wax and clay used by Michelangelo in making his sculpture and paintings]
* [http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/David_by_michelangelo.html The Museums of Florence – The ''David'' of Michelangelo]
{{Florence landmarks}}
{{Michelangelo|sculpture}}
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:16th-century sculptures]]
[[Category:Sculptures of the Galleria dell'Accademia]]
[[Category:Marble sculptures in Italy]]
[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Florence]]<!-- was outside and a copy is still outside -->
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Florence]]
[[Category:Sculptures by Michelangelo]]
[[Category:Sculptures depicting David]]
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[[Category:Vandalized works of art]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Florence]]
[[Category:Colossal statues]]
[[Category:Nude sculptures]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@
===Commission===
-[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU10.JPG|thumb|250px|upright|''David'', modelling of the marble.]]
+[[File:'David' by Michelangelo JBU10.JPG|thumb|250px|upright|Dick and balls]]
The history of the statue begins before [[Michelangelo]]'s work on it from 1501 to 1504.<ref>The genesis of ''David'' was discussed in Seymour 1967 and in Coonin 2014.</ref> Prior to Michelangelo's involvement, the Overseers of the Office of Works of [[Florence Cathedral]], consisting mostly of members of the influential woolen cloth guild, the [[Arte della Lana]], had plans to commission a series of twelve large [[Old Testament]] sculptures for the [[buttress]]es of the cathedral.<ref>Charles Seymour, Jr. "''Homo Magnus et Albus:'' the Quattrocento Background for Michelangelo's ''David'' of 1501–04," ''Stil und Überlieferung in der Kunst des Abendlandes'', Berlin, 1967, II, 96–105.</ref> In 1410, [[Donatello]] made the first of the statues, a figure of [[Joshua]] in [[terracotta]]. A figure of [[Hercules]], also in terracotta, was commissioned from the Florentine sculptor [[Agostino di Duccio]] in 1463 and was made perhaps under Donatello's direction.<ref>Seymour, 100–101.</ref> Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the ''Operai'' contracted Agostino<ref name=Milanesi/> to create a sculpture of David.
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em;width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left; float:right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="summary" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">David</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU002.jpg" class="image"><img alt="'David' by Michelangelo Fir JBU002.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU002.jpg/250px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU002.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU002.jpg/375px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU002.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU002.jpg/500px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3138" data-file-height="4707" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="attendee"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td>1501–1504</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Medium</th><td class="category"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marble_sculpture" title="Marble sculpture">Marble sculpture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td>Biblical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Dimensions</th><td>517 cm × 199 cm (17 ft × 6.5 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galleria_dell%27Accademia" title="Galleria dell'Accademia">Galleria dell'Accademia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>David</b></i> is a masterpiece of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>. <i>David</i> is a 5.17-metre (17.0 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marble_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Marble statue">marble statue</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical</a> hero <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>, a favoured subject in the art of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>David</i> was originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a>, but was instead placed in a public square, outside the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Palazzo Vecchio</a>, the seat of civic government in Florence, in the Piazza della Signoria where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504. The statue was moved to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galleria_dell%27Accademia" title="Galleria dell'Accademia">Galleria dell'Accademia</a>, Florence, in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_David" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's David">a replica</a>.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:263px;"><span class="mw-3d-wrapper" data-label="3D"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:David_(Michelangelo).stl" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/David_%28Michelangelo%29.stl/261px-David_%28Michelangelo%29.stl.png" decoding="async" width="261" height="196" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/David_%28Michelangelo%29.stl/392px-David_%28Michelangelo%29.stl.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/David_%28Michelangelo%29.stl/522px-David_%28Michelangelo%29.stl.png 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:David_(Michelangelo).stl" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>3D model</div></div></div>
<p>Because of the nature of the hero it represented, the statue soon came to symbolize the defence of civil liberties embodied in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a>, an independent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">Medici family</a>. The eyes of <i>David</i>, with a warning glare, were fixated towards <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Commission"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Commission</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Placement"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Placement</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Later_history"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Later history</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Interpretation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Interpretation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Conservation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Conservation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Replicas"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Replicas</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Commission">Commission</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commission">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG/250px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG/375px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG/500px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU10.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Dick and balls</div></div></div>
<p>The history of the statue begins before <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s work on it from 1501 to 1504.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup> Prior to Michelangelo's involvement, the Overseers of the Office of Works of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a>, consisting mostly of members of the influential woolen cloth guild, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arte_della_Lana" title="Arte della Lana">Arte della Lana</a>, had plans to commission a series of twelve large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> sculptures for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buttress" title="Buttress">buttresses</a> of the cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></sup> In 1410, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donatello" title="Donatello">Donatello</a> made the first of the statues, a figure of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a>. A figure of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a>, also in terracotta, was commissioned from the Florentine sculptor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agostino_di_Duccio" title="Agostino di Duccio">Agostino di Duccio</a> in 1463 and was made perhaps under Donatello's direction.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></sup> Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the <i>Operai</i> contracted Agostino<sup id="cite_ref-Milanesi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milanesi-7">[6]</a></sup> to create a sculpture of David.
</p><p>A block of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> was provided from a quarry in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carrara" title="Carrara">Carrara</a>, a town in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apuan_Alps" title="Apuan Alps">Apuan Alps</a> in northern Tuscany. Agostino only got as far as beginning to shape the legs, feet and the torso, roughing out some <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drapery" title="Drapery">drapery</a> and probably gouging a hole between the legs. His association with the project ceased, for reasons unknown, with the death of Donatello in 1466, and ten years later <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Rossellino" title="Antonio Rossellino">Antonio Rossellino</a> was commissioned to take up where Agostino had left off.
Rossellino's contract was terminated soon thereafter, and the block of marble remained neglected for 26 years, all the while exposed to the elements in the yard of the cathedral workshop. This was of great concern to the <i>Opera</i> authorities, as such a large piece of marble was not only costly, but represented a large amount of labour and difficulty in its transportation to Florence.
</p><p>In 1500, an inventory of the cathedral workshops described the piece as "a certain figure of marble called David, badly blocked out and supine."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup> A year later, documents showed that the <i>Operai</i> were determined to find an artist who could take this large piece of marble and turn it into a finished work of art. They ordered the block of stone, which they called 'the Giant',<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></sup> "raised on its feet" so that a master experienced in this kind of work might examine it and express an opinion. Though <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> and others were consulted, it was Michelangelo, at 26 years of age, who convinced the <i>Operai</i> that he deserved the commission.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></sup> On 16 August 1501, Michelangelo was given the official contract to undertake this challenging new task.<sup id="cite_ref-Milanesi_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milanesi-7">[6]</a></sup> He began carving the statue early in the morning on 13 September, a month after he was awarded the contract. He would work on the massive statue for more than two years.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Placement">Placement</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Placement">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Firenze.David01.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Firenze.David01.JPG/220px-Firenze.David01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Firenze.David01.JPG/330px-Firenze.David01.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Firenze.David01.JPG/440px-Firenze.David01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Firenze.David01.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A replica of <i>David</i> now stands outside the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Palazzo Vecchio</a>.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:261px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg/259px-Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="345" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg/388px-Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg/518px-Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1333" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Michelangelo_David_Philpot.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Michelangelo, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.nga.gov/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma994104775504896&context=L&vid=01NGA_INST:IMAGE&search_scope=ImageCollections&tab=ImageCollections&lang=en">David</a></i>, marble sculpture, 1504. Photographed by John Brampton Philpot outside the Palazzo Vecchio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections/features/philpot-florence.html">National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>On 25 January 1504, when the sculpture was nearing completion, Florentine authorities had to acknowledge there would be little possibility of raising the more than six-ton statue to the roof of the cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></sup> They convened a committee of 30 Florentine citizens that comprised many artists, including Leonardo da Vinci and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a>, to decide on an appropriate site for <i>David</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup> While nine different locations for the statue were discussed, the majority of members seem to have been closely split between two sites.
</p><p>One group, led by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giuliano_da_Sangallo" title="Giuliano da Sangallo">Giuliano da Sangallo</a> and supported by Leonardo and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piero_di_Cosimo" title="Piero di Cosimo">Piero di Cosimo</a>, among others, believed that, due to the imperfections in the marble, the sculpture should be placed under the roof of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loggia_dei_Lanzi" title="Loggia dei Lanzi">Loggia dei Lanzi</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piazza_della_Signoria" title="Piazza della Signoria">Piazza della Signoria</a>; the other group thought it should stand at the entrance to the Palazzo della Signoria, the city's town hall (now known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Palazzo Vecchio</a>). Another opinion, supported by Botticelli, was that the sculpture should be situated on or near the cathedral.
</p><p>In June 1504, <i>David</i> was installed next to the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio, replacing Donatello's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronze_sculpture" title="Bronze sculpture">bronze sculpture</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judith_and_Holofernes_(Donatello)" title="Judith and Holofernes (Donatello)"><i>Judith and Holofernes</i></a>, which embodied a comparable theme of heroic resistance. It took four days to move the statue the half mile from Michelangelo's workshop into the Piazza della Signoria. Later that summer the sling and tree-stump support were gilded, and the figure was given a gilded loin-garland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffen2002130_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoffen2002130-13">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Later_history">Later history</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later history">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG/220px-Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG/330px-Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG/440px-Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Michelangelo%27s_David.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>David</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galleria_dell%27Accademia" title="Galleria dell'Accademia">Galleria dell'Accademia</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In the mid 1800s, small cracks were noticed on the left leg on <i>David</i> which can possibly be attributed to an uneven sinking of the ground under the massive statue.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1873, the statue of <i>David</i> was removed from the piazza, to protect it from damage, and displayed in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galleria_dell%27Accademia" title="Galleria dell'Accademia">Accademia Gallery</a>, Florence, where it attracted many visitors. A replica was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1991 Piero Cannata, an artist who the police described as deranged, attacked the statue with a hammer he had concealed beneath his jacket. He later said that a 16th century Venetian painter's model ordered him to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-damage_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-damage-17">[16]</a></sup> Cannata was restrained as he was in the process of damaging the toes of the left foot.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 November 2010, a fiberglass replica<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-19">[18]</a></sup> of the <i>David</i> was installed on the roofline of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a>, for one day only. Photographs of the installation reveal the statue the way the <i>Operai</i> who commissioned the work originally expected it to be seen.
</p><p>In 2010, a dispute over the ownership of <i>David</i> arose when, based on a legal review of historical documents, the municipality of Florence claimed ownership of the statue in opposition to the Italian Culture Ministry, which disputes the municipality claim.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg/220px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg/330px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg/440px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU013.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>David</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s eyes look towards Rome.</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Interpretation">Interpretation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interpretation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22David%22+Michelangelo">"David" Michelangelo</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22David%22+Michelangelo+-wikipedia">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?&q=%22David%22+Michelangelo+site:news.google.com/newspapers&source=newspapers">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22David%22+Michelangelo+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22David%22+Michelangelo">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22David%22+Michelangelo&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG/220px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG/330px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG/440px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU14.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Close-up of <i>David</i>.</div></div></div>
<p>The pose of Michelangelo's <i>David</i> is unlike that of earlier Renaissance depictions of David. The bronze statues by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_(Donatello)" title="David (Donatello)">Donatello</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_(Verrocchio)" title="David (Verrocchio)">Verrocchio</a> represented the hero standing victorious over the head of Goliath, and the painter <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_del_Castagno" title="Andrea del Castagno">Andrea del Castagno</a> had shown the boy in mid-swing, even as Goliath's head rested between his feet,<sup id="cite_ref-wikimedia_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikimedia-22">[21]</a></sup> but no earlier Florentine artist had omitted the giant altogether. According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helen_Gardner_(art_historian)" title="Helen Gardner (art historian)">Helen Gardner</a> and other scholars, David is depicted before his battle with Goliath.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup> Instead of being shown victorious over a foe much larger than he, David looks tense and ready for combat.
</p><p>The statue appears to show David after he has made the decision to fight Goliath but before the battle has actually taken place, a moment between conscious choice and action – fight and flight. His brow is drawn, his neck tense, and the veins bulge out of his lowered right hand. His left hand holds a sling that is draped over his shoulder and down to his right hand, which holds a rock.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></sup> The twist of his body effectively conveys to the viewer the feeling that he is in motion, an impression heightened with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contrapposto" title="Contrapposto">contrapposto</a>. The statue is a Renaissance interpretation of a common ancient Greek theme of the standing heroic male nude. In the High Renaissance, contrapposto poses were thought of as a distinctive feature of antique sculpture. This is typified in <i>David</i>, as the figure stands with one leg holding its full weight and the other leg forward. This classic pose causes the figure's hips and shoulders to rest at opposing angles, giving a slight s-curve to the entire torso. The contrapposto is emphasized by the turn of the head to the left, and by the contrasting positions of the arms.
</p><p>Michelangelo's <i>David</i> has become one of the most recognized works of Renaissance sculpture, a symbol of strength and youthful beauty.
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG/220px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG/330px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG/440px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>David</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> right hand.</div></div></div>
<p>Just the colossal size of the statue impressed Michelangelo's contemporaries. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Vasari</a> described it as "certainly a miracle that of Michelangelo, to restore to life one who was dead," and then listed all of the largest and most grand of the ancient statues that he had ever seen, concluding that Michelangelo's work surpassed "all ancient and modern statues, whether Greek or Latin, that have ever existed."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>The proportions of the <i>David</i> are atypical of Michelangelo's work; the figure has an unusually large head and hands (particularly apparent in the right hand). The small size of the genitals, though, is in line with his other works and with Renaissance conventions in general, perhaps referencing the ancient Greek ideal of pre-pubescent male nudity. These enlargements may be due to the fact that the statue was originally intended to be placed on the cathedral roofline, where the important parts of the sculpture may have been accentuated in order to be visible from below. The statue is unusually, yet fascinatingly slender (front to back) in comparison to its height, which may be a result of the work done on the block before Michelangelo began carving it.
</p><p>It is possible that the <i>David</i> was conceived as a political statue before Michelangelo began to work on it.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></sup> Certainly David the giant-killer had long been seen as a political figure in Florence, and images of the Biblical hero already carried political implications there.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></sup> Donatello's bronze <i>David,</i> made for the Medici family, perhaps <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1440, had been appropriated by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Signoria" title="Signoria">Signoria</a> in 1494, when the Medici were exiled from Florence, and the statue was installed in the courtyard of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Palazzo della Signoria</a>, where it stood for the Republican government of the city. By placing Michelangelo's statue in the same general location, the Florentine authorities ensured that <i>David</i> would be seen as a political parallel as well as an artistic response to that earlier work. These political overtones led to the statue being attacked twice in its early days. Protesters pelted it with stones the year it debuted, and, in 1527, an anti-Medici riot resulted in its left arm being broken into three pieces.
</p><p>Commentators have noted the presence of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreskin" title="Foreskin">foreskin</a> on <i>David</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> penis, which is at odds with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Judaic practice</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a>, but is consistent with the conventions of Renaissance art.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Conservation">Conservation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conservation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>During World War II, <i>David</i> was entombed in brick to protect it from damage from airborne bombs.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg/220px-Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg/330px-Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg/440px-Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Detail_of_David%27s_damaged_left_foot..jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Detail of <i>David</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s damaged left foot, caused by exposure to the elements and in 1991 when a deranged man hit it with a concealed hammer.</div></div></div>
<p>In 1991, the foot of the statue was damaged by a man with a hammer.<sup id="cite_ref-damage_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-damage-17">[16]</a></sup> The samples obtained from that incident allowed scientists to determine that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> used was obtained from the Fantiscritti <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">quarries</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miseglia" title="Miseglia">Miseglia</a>, the central of three small valleys in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carrara" title="Carrara">Carrara</a>. The marble in question contains many microscopic holes that cause it to deteriorate faster than other marbles. Because of the marble's degradation, from 2003 to 2004 the statue was given its first major cleaning since 1843. Some experts opposed the use of water to clean the statue, fearing further deterioration. Under the direction of Franca Falleti, senior restorers Monica Eichmann and Cinzia Parnigoni undertook the job of restoring the statue.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2008, plans were proposed to insulate the statue from the vibration of tourists' footsteps at Florence's Galleria dell'Accademia, to prevent damage to the marble.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Replicas">Replicas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Replicas">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_David" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's David">Replicas of Michelangelo's David</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_(vector).svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_%28vector%29.svg/250px-Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_%28vector%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_%28vector%29.svg/375px-Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_%28vector%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_%28vector%29.svg/500px-Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_%28vector%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="932" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Height_comparison_of_notable_statues_(vector).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Approximate heights of various notable statues:<br /> 1. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statue_of_Unity" title="Statue of Unity">Statue of Unity</a> 240 m (incl. 58 m base)<br /> 2. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_Temple_Buddha" title="Spring Temple Buddha">Spring Temple Buddha</a> 153 m (incl. 25 m pedestal and 20 m throne)<br /> 3. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> 93 m (incl. 47 m pedestal)<br /> 4. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Motherland_Calls" title="The Motherland Calls">The Motherland Calls</a></i> 87 m (incl. 2 m pedestal)<br /> 5. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)" title="Christ the Redeemer (statue)"><i>Christ the Redeemer</i></a> 38 m (incl. 8 m pedestal) <br /> 6. <b>Michelangelo's <i>David</i></b> 5.17 m (excl. 2.5m plinth)<br /></div></div></div>
<p><i>David</i> has stood on display at Florence's Galleria dell'Accademia since 1873. In addition to the full-sized replica occupying the spot of the original in front of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Palazzo Vecchio</a>, a bronze version overlooks Florence from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piazzale_Michelangelo" title="Piazzale Michelangelo">Piazzale Michelangelo</a>. The plaster <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casting" title="Casting">cast</a> of <i>David</i> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> has a detachable plaster <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fig_leaf" title="Fig leaf">fig leaf</a> which is displayed nearby. Legend claims that the fig leaf was created in response to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>'s shock upon first viewing the statue's nudity, and was hung on the figure prior to royal visits, using two strategically placed hooks.<sup id="cite_ref-V&A_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V&A-33">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>David</i> has often been reproduced,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></sup> in plaster and imitation marble fibreglass, signifying an attempt to lend an atmosphere of culture even in some unlikely settings such as beach resorts, gambling casinos and model railroads.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_works_by_Michelangelo" title="List of works by Michelangelo">List of works by Michelangelo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_statues_by_height" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statues by height">List of statues by height</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<dl><dt><b>Notes</b></dt></dl>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The height of the David was recorded incorrectly and the mistake proliferated through many art history publications. The accurate height was only determined in 1998–99 when a team from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> went to Florence to try out a project on digitally imaging large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">3D</a> objects by photographing sculptures by Michelangelo and found that the sculpture was taller than any of the sources had indicated. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/more-david/more-david.html">[1]</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/publicity/faq.html#height%20of%20the%20David">[2]</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<dl><dt><b>Citations</b></dt></dl>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Donatello's 2 versions of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donatello%27s_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Donatello's David">David</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_(Verrocchio)" title="David (Verrocchio)">Verrocchio's bronze <i>David</i></a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Ghirlandaio" title="Domenico Ghirlandaio">Domenico Ghirlandaio</a>'s painting of David; and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolomeo_Bellano" title="Bartolomeo Bellano">Bartolomeo Bellano</a>'s bronze <i>David.</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This theory was first proposed by Saul Levine "The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504, <i>The Art Bulletin</i> 56 (1974): 31–49.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The genesis of <i>David</i> was discussed in Seymour 1967 and in Coonin 2014.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Seymour, Jr. "<i>Homo Magnus et Albus:</i> the Quattrocento Background for Michelangelo's <i>David</i> of 1501–04," <i>Stil und Überlieferung in der Kunst des Abendlandes</i>, Berlin, 1967, II, 96–105.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour, 100–101.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Milanesi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Milanesi_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Milanesi_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaetano Milanesi, <i>Le lettere di Michelangelo Buonarroti pubblicati coi ricordi ed i contratti artistici,</i> Florence, 1875, 620–623: "...the Consuls of the <i>Arte della Lana</i> and the Lords Overseers being met Overseers, have chosen as sculptor to the said Cathedral the worthy master, Michelangelo, the son of Lodovico Buonarrotti, a citizen of Florence, to the end that he may make, finish and bring to perfection the male figure known as the Giant, nine <i>braccia</i> in height, already blocked out in marble by Maestro Agostino <i>grande,</i> of Florence, and badly blocked; and now stored in the workshops of the Cathedral. The work shall be completed within the period and term of two years next ensuing, beginning from the first day of September next ensuing, with a salary and payment together in joint assembly within the hall of the said of six broad florins of gold in gold for every month. And for all other works that shall be required about the said building (edificium) the said Overseers bind themselves to supply and provide both men and scaffolding from their office and all else that may be necessary. When the said work and the said male figure of marble shall be finished, then the Consuls and Overseers who shall at that time be in authority shall judge whether it merits a higher reward, being guided therein by the dictates of their own consciences."</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giovanni Gaye, <i>Carteggio inedito d'artisti del sec. XIV, XV, XVI,</i> Florence: 1839–40, 2: 454 and Charles Seymour, <i>Michelangelo's David: A Search for Identity,</i> Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1967, 134–137, doc. 34.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard"><i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</i></a></span> (9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 651. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2"><bdi>0-15-503769-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages&rft.pages=651&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Thomson%2FWadsworth&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-15-503769-2&rft.aulast=De+la+Croix&rft.aufirst=Horst&rft.au=Tansey%2C+Richard+G.&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgardnersartthrou00gard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886058088">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Coughlan, Robert (1966). <i>The World of Michelangelo: 1475–1564</i>. et al. Time-Life Books. p. 85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Michelangelo%3A+1475%E2%80%931564&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Time-Life+Books&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Coughlan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The statue has not been weighed, but an estimate of its weight was circulated in 2004, when the statue was cleaned. See a CBS news report of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/05/24/world/main619245.shtml">8 March 2004</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The minutes of the meeting were published in Giovanni Gaye, <i>Carteggio inedito d'artisti del sec. XIV, XV, XVI,</i> Florence, 1839–40, 2: 454–463. For an English translation of the document, see Seymour, <i>Michelangelo's David,</i> 140–155 and for an analysis, see Saul Levine, "The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504, <i>Art Bulletin</i> 56 (1974): 31–49; N. Randolph Parks, "The Placement of Michelangelo's <i>David:</i> A Review of the Documents," <i>Art Bulletin,</i> 57 (1975) 560–570; and Rona Goffen, <i>Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian,</i> New Haven, 2002, 123–127.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoffen2002130-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffen2002130_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoffen2002">Goffen (2002)</a>, p. 130.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coonin, 2014, pp. 90–94.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">A., Borri (2006). "Diagnostic analysis of the lesions and stability of Michelangelo's David". <i>Journal of Cultural Heritage</i>. <b>7</b> (4): 273–285. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.culher.2006.06.004">10.1016/j.culher.2006.06.004</a> – via ScienceDirect.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Heritage&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+analysis+of+the+lesions+and+stability+of+Michelangelo%27s+David&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=273-285&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.culher.2006.06.004&rft.aulast=A.&rft.aufirst=Borri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coonin, 2014.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-damage-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-damage_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-damage_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"a man the police described as deranged, broke part of a toe with a hammer, saying a 16th century Venetian painter's model ordered him to do so." Cowell, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3DC103CF936A2575AC0A967958260">"Michelangelo's David Is Damaged"</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, 1991-09-15. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/health/HealthRepublish_1512809.htm">Rossella Lorenzi, <i>Art lovers go nuts over dishy David</i></a>, ABC Science, Monday, 21 November 2005</span>
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<li id="cite_note-discovery-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160525153611/http://news.discovery.com/history/standing-on-a-pedestal-high-up-by-florence-cathedrals-dome-a-400-kg-fiberglass-reproduction-of-michelangelos-david-h.htm">"Michelangelo's David as It Was Meant to Be Seen : Discovery News"</a>. news.discovery.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.discovery.com/history/standing-on-a-pedestal-high-up-by-florence-cathedrals-dome-a-400-kg-fiberglass-reproduction-of-michelangelos-david-h.htm">the original</a> on 25 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michelangelo%26%23039%3Bs+David+as+It+Was+Meant+to+Be+Seen+%3A+Discovery+News&rft.pub=news.discovery.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.discovery.com%2Fhistory%2Fstanding-on-a-pedestal-high-up-by-florence-cathedrals-dome-a-400-kg-fiberglass-reproduction-of-michelangelos-david-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Povoledo, Elisabetta (31 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/01/world/europe/01david.html">"Who Owns Michelangelo's 'David'?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Who+Owns+Michelangelo%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98David%E2%80%99%3F&rft.date=2010-08-31&rft.aulast=Povoledo&rft.aufirst=Elisabetta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F09%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F01david.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Pisa, Nick (16 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/7946627/Florence-vs-Italy-Michelangelos-David-at-centre-of-ownership-row.html">"Florence vs Italy: Michelangelo's David at centre of ownership row"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> (London)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Florence+vs+Italy%3A+Michelangelo%27s+David+at+centre+of+ownership+row&rft.date=2010-08-16&rft.aulast=Pisa&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F7946627%2FFlorence-vs-Italy-Michelangelos-David-at-centre-of-ownership-row.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-wikimedia-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikimedia_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andrea_del_castagno,_scudo_di_david_con_la_testa_di_golia,_1450-55_circa,_02.JPG">"File:Andrea del castagno, scudo di david con la testa di golia, 1450-55 circa, 02.JPG – Wikimedia Commons"</a>. commons.wikimedia.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=File%3AAndrea+del+castagno%2C+scudo+di+david+con+la+testa+di+golia%2C+1450-55+circa%2C+02.JPG+%E2%80%93+Wikimedia+Commons&rft.pub=commons.wikimedia.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AAndrea_del_castagno%2C_scudo_di_david_con_la_testa_di_golia%2C_1450-55_circa%2C_02.JPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen Gardner, Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. MamiyaIt, <i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aSV_y8aSbycC&pg=PA502&lpg=PA502&dq=Gardner's+art+through+the+ages.+michelangelo's+david&resnum=1&ct=result">retrieved February 17, 2009</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howard Hibbard, <i>Michelangelo,</i> New York: Harper & Row, 1974, 59–61; Anthony Hughes, <i>Michelangelo,</i> London: Phaidon, 1997, 74.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michelangelo-gallery.com/david.aspx">"David Sculpture, Michelango's David, Michelangelo Gallery"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Sculpture%2C+Michelango%27s+David%2C+Michelangelo+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michelangelo-gallery.com%2Fdavid.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giorgio Vasari, <i>Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori nelle redazioni del 1550 e 1568,</i> ed. Rosanna Bettarini and Paola Barocchi, Florence, 1966–87, 6: 21.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levine, 45–46.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Butterfield, Andrew (1995). "New Evidence for the Iconography of David in Quattrocento Florence". <i>I Tatti Studies</i>. <b>8</b>: 115–133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=I+Tatti+Studies&rft.atitle=New+Evidence+for+the+Iconography+of+David+in+Quattrocento+Florence&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=115-133&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Butterfield&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Strauss, RM; Marzo-Ortega, H (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279184">"Michelangelo and medicine"</a>. <i>J R Soc Med</i>. <b>95</b> (10): 514–5. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//doi.org/10.1258%2Fjrsm.95.10.514">10.1258/jrsm.95.10.514</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279184">1279184</a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12356979">12356979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+R+Soc+Med&rft.atitle=Michelangelo+and+medicine&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=514-5&rft.date=2002&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1279184&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12356979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1258%2Fjrsm.95.10.514&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.au=Marzo-Ortega%2C+H&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1279184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coonin, 2014, pp. 105-108.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Scigliano. "Inglorious Restorations. Destroying Old Masterpieces in Order to Save Them." <i>Harper's Magazine</i>. August 2005, 61–68.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7626093.stm">"Michelangelo's David 'may crack<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Michelangelo%27s+David+%27may+crack%27&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7626093.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-V&A-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-V&A_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/d/davids-fig-leaf/">"David's Fig Leaf"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David%27s+Fig+Leaf&rft.pub=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vam.ac.uk%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2Fd%2Fdavids-fig-leaf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">" You need not travel to Florence to see Michelangelo's <i>David</i>. You can see it well enough for educational purposes in reproduction," asserted E. B. Feldman in 1973 (Feldman, "The teacher as model critic", <i>Journal of Aesthetic Education</i>, 1973).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">That "typical examples of kitsch include fridge magnets showing Michelangelo’s <i>David</i>." is reported even in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Medical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="British Medical Journal">British Medical Journal</a></i> (J Launer, "Medical kitsch", BMJ, 2000)</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width: 210px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><caption>External video</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:David_di_Michelangelo2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="David di Michelangelo2.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/David_di_Michelangelo2.jpg/210px-David_di_Michelangelo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="280" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/David_di_Michelangelo2.jpg/315px-David_di_Michelangelo2.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/David_di_Michelangelo2.jpg/420px-David_di_Michelangelo2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/Michelangelo-David.html">Michelangelo's <i>David</i></a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smarthistory" title="Smarthistory">Smarthistory</a><sup id="cite_ref-smarth_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smarth-36">[1]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<ul><li>Coonin, A. Victor, <i>From Marble to Flesh: The Biography of Michelangelo’s David</i>, Florence: The Florentine Press, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788897696025" title="Special:BookSources/9788897696025">9788897696025</a>.</li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFGoffen2002" class="citation book">Goffen, Rona (2002). <i>Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian</i>. Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Rivals%3A+Michelangelo%2C+Leonardo%2C+Raphael%2C+Titian&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Goffen&rft.aufirst=Rona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li>Hall, James, <i>Michelangelo and the Reinvention of the Human Body</i> New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.</li>
<li>Hartt, Frederick, <i>Michelangelo: the complete sculpture,</i> New York: Abrams Books,1982.</li>
<li>Hibbard, Howard. <i>Michelangelo,</i> New York: Harper & Row, 1974.</li>
<li>Hirst Michael, “Michelangelo In Florence: <i>David</i> In 1503 and <i>Hercules</i> In 1506,” <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Burlington_Magazine" title="The Burlington Magazine">The Burlington Magazine</a></i>, 142 (2000): 487–492.</li>
<li>Hughes, Anthony, <i>Michelangelo,</i> London: Phaidon Press, 1997.</li>
<li>Levine, Saul, "The Location of Michelangelo's <i>David</i>: The Meeting of January 25, 1504", <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Art_Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Art Bulletin">The Art Bulletin</a></i>, 56 (1974): 31–49.</li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Natali, Antonio; Michelangelo (2014). <i>Michelangelo Inside and Outside the Uffizi</i>. Florence: Maschietto. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6394-085-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6394-085-5"><bdi>978-88-6394-085-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michelangelo+Inside+and+Outside+the+Uffizi&rft.place=Florence&rft.pub=Maschietto&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-88-6394-085-5&rft.aulast=Natali&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Michelangelo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Pope-Hennessy" title="John Pope-Hennessy">Pope-Hennessy, John</a>, <i>Italian High Renaissance and Baroque Sculpture</i>. London: Phaidon, 1996.</li>
<li>Seymour, Charles, Jr. <i>Michelangelo's David: a search for identity</i> (Mellon Studies in the Humanities), Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967.</li>
<li>Vasari, Giorgio, <i>The Lives of the Artists</i> (Penguin Books), “Life of Michelangelo”, pp. 325–442.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michelangelo%27s_David" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Michelangelo's David"><span style="">Michelangelo's David</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michelangelo.org/david.jsp">10 Facts That You Don't Know About Michelangelo's David </a>,</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artbible.info/art/large/338.html">Michelangelo Buonarroti: <i>David</i></a>, <i>Art and the Bible</i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/">The Digital Michelangelo Project</a>, Stanford University</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michelangelomodels.com/m-models/david.html">Models of wax and clay used by Michelangelo in making his sculpture and paintings</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/David_by_michelangelo.html">The Museums of Florence – The <i>David</i> of Michelangelo</a></li></ul>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loggia_dei_Lanzi" title="Loggia dei Lanzi">Loggia dei Lanzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vasari_Corridor" title="Vasari Corridor">Vasari Corridor</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FlorenceCoA.svg" class="image"><img alt="FlorenceCoA.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FlorenceCoA.svg/60px-FlorenceCoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FlorenceCoA.svg/90px-FlorenceCoA.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FlorenceCoA.svg/120px-FlorenceCoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="860" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Basilicas" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Basilicas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_Florence" title="San Lorenzo, Florence">S Lorenzo</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medici_Chapel" title="Medici Chapel">Medici Chapel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Croce,_Florence" title="Santa Croce, Florence">S Croce</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baroncelli_Chapel" title="Baroncelli Chapel">Baroncelli</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pazzi_Chapel" title="Pazzi Chapel">Pazzi Chapels</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_Novella" title="Santa Maria Novella">S Maria Novella</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tornabuoni_Chapel" title="Tornabuoni Chapel">Tornabuoni Chapel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santissima_Annunziata,_Florence" title="Santissima Annunziata, Florence">SS Annunziata</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Marco,_Florence" title="San Marco, Florence">S Marco</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Miniato_al_Monte" title="San Miniato al Monte">S Miniato al Monte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Carmine,_Florence" title="Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence">S Maria del Carmine</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brancacci_Chapel" title="Brancacci Chapel">Brancacci Chapel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Trinita" title="Santa Trinita">S Trinita</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bartolini_Salimbeni_Chapel" title="Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel">Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sassetti_Chapel" title="Sassetti Chapel">Sassetti Chapel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santo_Spirito,_Florence" title="Santo Spirito, Florence">S Spirito</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Florence" title="Category:Churches in Florence">Churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Badia_Fiorentina" title="Badia Fiorentina">Badia Fiorentina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Baptistery" title="Florence Baptistery">Battistero di San Giovanni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli,_Florence" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli, Florence">S Maria degli Angeli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_Charterhouse" title="Florence Charterhouse">Certosa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orsanmichele" title="Orsanmichele">Orsanmichele</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ognissanti,_Florence" title="Ognissanti, Florence">Ognissanti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oratorio_dei_Vanchetoni" title="Oratorio dei Vanchetoni">Oratorio dei Vanchetoni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oratory_of_Ges%C3%B9_Pellegrino" title="Oratory of Gesù Pellegrino">Oratory of Gesù Pellegrino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oratory_of_St_Thomas_Aquinas,_Florence" title="Oratory of St Thomas Aquinas, Florence">Oratory of S Thomas Aquinas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Frediano_in_Cestello" title="San Frediano in Cestello">San Frediano in Cestello</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Gaetano,_Florence" title="San Gaetano, Florence">S Gaetano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Giovannino_degli_Scolopi" title="San Giovannino degli Scolopi">S Giovannino degli Scolopi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Giovannino_dei_Cavalieri" title="San Giovannino dei Cavalieri">S Giovannino dei Cavalieri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Jacopo_sopr%27Arno" title="San Jacopo sopr'Arno">S Jacopo sopr'Arno</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Salvatore_al_Vescovo" title="San Salvatore al Vescovo">S Salvatore al Vescovo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sant%27Ambrogio,_Florence" title="Sant'Ambrogio, Florence">S Ambrogio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Felicita,_Florence" title="Santa Felicita, Florence">S Felicita</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maddalena_dei_Pazzi" title="Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi">Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore,_Florence" title="Santa Maria Maggiore, Florence">S Maria Maggiore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Martino_del_Vescovo" title="San Martino del Vescovo">S Martino del Vescovo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Florence" title="Santi Apostoli, Florence">Ss Apostoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Pancrazio,_Florence" title="San Pancrazio, Florence">S Pancrazio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Salvi" title="San Salvi">S Salvi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santi_Simone_e_Giuda,_Florence" title="Santi Simone e Giuda, Florence">Ss Simone e Giuda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santo_Stefano_al_Ponte" title="Santo Stefano al Ponte">S Stefano al Ponte</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_Florence" title="Great Synagogue of Florence">Great Synagogue</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towers (Torri)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torre_degli_Amidei" title="Torre degli Amidei">degli Amidei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torre_degli_Alberti" title="Torre degli Alberti">degli Alberti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torre_dei_Della_Bella" title="Torre dei Della Bella">dei Della Bella</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torre_dei_Gianfigliazzi" title="Torre dei Gianfigliazzi">dei Gianfigliazzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torre_dei_Mannelli" title="Torre dei Mannelli">dei Mannelli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torre_dei_Pulci" title="Torre dei Pulci">dei Pulci</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giotto%27s_Campanile" title="Giotto's Campanile">Giotto's Campanile</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Library</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biblioteca_Riccardiana" title="Biblioteca Riccardiana">Biblioteca Riccardiana</a> at Palazzo Medici Riccardi</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Institute_of_Florence" title="British Institute of Florence">British Institute of Florence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabinetto_Vieusseux" title="Gabinetto Vieusseux">Gabinetto Vieusseux</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Strozzi" title="Palazzo Strozzi">Palazzo Strozzi</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Institut_in_Florenz" title="Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz">Kunsthistorisches Institut</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurentian_Library" title="Laurentian Library">Laurentian Library</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Central_Library_(Florence)" title="National Central Library (Florence)">National Central Library</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fountain_of_Neptune,_Florence" title="Fountain of Neptune, Florence">Fountain of Neptune</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giotto%27s_Campanile" title="Giotto's Campanile">Giotto's Campanile</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ponte_Vecchio" title="Ponte Vecchio">Ponte Vecchio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monument_to_Dante" title="Monument to Dante">Monument to Dante</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theatres_in_Florence" title="Theatres in Florence">Theatres</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teatro_Comunale,_Florence" title="Teatro Comunale, Florence">Teatro Comunale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teatro_della_Pergola" title="Teatro della Pergola">Teatro della Pergola</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teatro_Verdi_(Florence)" title="Teatro Verdi (Florence)">Teatro Verdi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_squares_in_Florence" title="List of squares in Florence">Squares</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piazza_del_Duomo,_Florence" title="Piazza del Duomo, Florence">Piazza del Duomo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Florence" title="Piazza della Repubblica, Florence">Piazza della Repubblica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piazza_della_Signoria" title="Piazza della Signoria">Piazza della Signoria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piazza_Santa_Croce" title="Piazza Santa Croce">Piazza Santa Croce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piazzale_Michelangelo" title="Piazzale Michelangelo">Piazzale Michelangelo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Via_Camillo_Cavour" title="Via Camillo Cavour">Via Cavour</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Via_de%27_Tornabuoni" title="Via de' Tornabuoni">Via de' Tornabuoni</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belvedere_(fort)" title="Belvedere (fort)">Belvedere</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fortezza_da_Basso" title="Fortezza da Basso">Fortezza da Basso</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gardens and parks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boboli_Gardens" title="Boboli Gardens">Boboli Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giardino_Bardini" class="mw-redirect" title="Giardino Bardini">Giardino Bardini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giardino_dell%27Iris" title="Giardino dell'Iris">Giardino dell'Iris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giardino_delle_rose_(Firenze)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giardino delle rose (Firenze)">Giardino delle rose</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orto_Botanico_di_Firenze" title="Orto Botanico di Firenze">Orto Botanico di Firenze</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parco_delle_Cascine" title="Parco delle Cascine">Parco delle Cascine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medici_villas" title="Medici villas">Medici villas</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_di_Castello" title="Villa di Castello">di Castello</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_La_Petraia" title="Villa La Petraia">La Petraia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Medici_at_Careggi" title="Villa Medici at Careggi">di Careggi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Medicea_L%27Ambrogiana" title="Villa Medicea L'Ambrogiana">Medicea L'Ambrogiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_del_Poggio_Imperiale" title="Villa del Poggio Imperiale">del Poggio Imperiale</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Gamberaia" title="Villa Gamberaia">Gamberaia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_I_Tatti" title="Villa I Tatti">I Tatti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Il_Gioiello" title="Villa Il Gioiello">Il Gioiello</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_La_Pietra" title="Villa La Pietra">La Pietra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Rusciano" title="Villa Rusciano">Rusciano</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and traditions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio Fiorentino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maggio_Musicale_Fiorentino" title="Maggio Musicale Fiorentino">Maggio Musicale Fiorentino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scoppio_del_carro" title="Scoppio del carro">Scoppio del carro</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Districts_of_Florence" title="Category:Districts of Florence">Districts of Florence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trams_in_Florence" title="Trams in Florence">Trams in Florence</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michelangelo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;;background: #EEDD82"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Michelangelo" title="Template:Michelangelo"><abbr title="View this template" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;;background: #EEDD82;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Michelangelo" title="Template talk:Michelangelo"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;;background: #EEDD82;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Michelangelo&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;;background: #EEDD82;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michelangelo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="*_List_of_works&#10;*_Key:_*Attributed,_†Lost">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_works_by_Michelangelo" title="List of works by Michelangelo">List of works</a></b></li>
<li><b>Key</b>: *Attributed, †Lost</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="Sculptures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sculptures</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1488–1492</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>†<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Head_of_a_Faun" title="Head of a Faun">Head of a Faun</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madonna_of_the_Stairs" title="Madonna of the Stairs">Madonna of the Stairs</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_the_Centaurs_(Michelangelo)" title="Battle of the Centaurs (Michelangelo)">Battle of the Centaurs</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crucifix_(Michelangelo)" title="Crucifix (Michelangelo)">Crucifix</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Bologna, 1494–1495</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="wrap">Additions to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arca_di_San_Domenico" title="Arca di San Domenico">Arca di San Domenico</a> (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Petronius_(Michelangelo)" title="St. Petronius (Michelangelo)">St Petronius</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Proclus_(Michelangelo)" title="St. Proclus (Michelangelo)">St Proclus</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angel_(Michelangelo)" title="Angel (Michelangelo)">Angel</a></i>)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Rome, 1496–1500</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>†<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cupid_(Michelangelo)" title="Cupid (Michelangelo)">Sleeping Cupid</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bacchus_(Michelangelo)" title="Bacchus (Michelangelo)">Bacchus</a></i></li>
<li>†<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cupid_(Michelangelo)" title="Cupid (Michelangelo)">Standing Cupid</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence, 1501–1505</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madonna_of_Bruges" title="Madonna of Bruges">Madonna of Bruges</a></i></li>
<li>Additions to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piccolomini_Altarpiece" title="Piccolomini Altarpiece">Piccolomini Altarpiece</a> (<i>Saints Peter</i>, <i>Paul</i>, <i>Pius</i> and <i>Gregory</i>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pitti_Tondo" title="Pitti Tondo">Pitti Tondo</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taddei_Tondo" title="Taddei Tondo">Taddei Tondo</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Matthew_(Michelangelo)" title="St. Matthew (Michelangelo)">St. Matthew</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rothschild_Bronzes" title="Rothschild Bronzes">Rothschild Bronzes</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tomb_of_Pope_Julius_II" title="Tomb of Pope Julius II">Tomb of Pope Julius II</a>, 1505–1545</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moses_(Michelangelo)" title="Moses (Michelangelo)">Moses</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rebellious_Slave" title="Rebellious Slave">Rebellious Slave</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dying_Slave" title="Dying Slave">Dying Slave</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Young_Slave" title="Young Slave">Young Slave</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bearded_Slave" title="Bearded Slave">Bearded Slave</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlas_Slave" title="Atlas Slave">Atlas Slave</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Awakening_Slave" title="Awakening Slave">Awakening Slave</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Genius_of_Victory" title="The Genius of Victory">The Genius of Victory</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rachel_(sculpture)" title="Rachel (sculpture)">Rachel</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leah_(sculpture)" title="Leah (sculpture)">Leah</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence, 1516–1534</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risen_Christ_(Michelangelo,_Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva)" title="Risen Christ (Michelangelo, Santa Maria sopra Minerva)">Christ Carrying the Cross</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medici_Chapel" title="Medici Chapel">Medici Chapel</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portrait_of_Giuliano_de%27_Medici_(1479%E2%80%931516)" title="Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici (1479–1516)">Giuliano de' Medici</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Night_(Michelangelo)" title="Night (Michelangelo)">Night</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Day_(Michelangelo)" title="Day (Michelangelo)">Day</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dusk_(Michelangelo)" title="Dusk (Michelangelo)">Dusk</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dawn_(Michelangelo)" title="Dawn (Michelangelo)">Dawn</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medici_Madonna" title="Medici Madonna">Medici Madonna</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apollo_(Michelangelo)" title="Apollo (Michelangelo)">Apollo</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crouching_Boy" title="Crouching Boy">Crouching Boy</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Rome, 1534–1564</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brutus_(Michelangelo)" title="Brutus (Michelangelo)">Brutus</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Deposition_(Michelangelo)" title="The Deposition (Michelangelo)">Florentine Pietà</a></i></li>
<li>*<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palestrina_Piet%C3%A0" title="Palestrina Pietà">Palestrina Pietà</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rondanini_Piet%C3%A0" title="Rondanini Pietà">Rondanini Pietà</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="Paintings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Paintings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Panel paintings</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Torment_of_Saint_Anthony_(Michelangelo)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Torment of Saint Anthony (Michelangelo)">The Torment of Saint Anthony</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester_Madonna" title="Manchester Madonna">Manchester Madonna</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Entombment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Entombment (Michelangelo)">The Entombment</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doni_Tondo" title="Doni Tondo">Doni Tondo</a></i></li>
<li>†<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leda_and_the_Swan_(Michelangelo)" title="Leda and the Swan (Michelangelo)">Leda and the Swan</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio#Salone_dei_Cinquecento" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Salone dei Cinquecento</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>†<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Cascina_(Michelangelo)" title="Battle of Cascina (Michelangelo)">Battle of Cascina</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gallery_of_Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling">(ceiling gallery)</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Ceiling</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Separation_of_Light_from_Darkness" title="Separation of Light from Darkness">Separation of Light from Darkness</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Creation_of_the_Sun,_Moon_and_Vegetation" title="The Creation of the Sun, Moon and Vegetation">The Creation of the Sun, Moon and Vegetation</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prophet_Daniel_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Daniel (Michelangelo)">Prophet Daniel</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prophet_Isaiah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Isaiah (Michelangelo)">Prophet Isaiah</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prophet_Jeremiah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Jeremiah (Michelangelo)">Prophet Jeremiah</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prophet_Joel_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Joel (Michelangelo)">Prophet Joel</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prophet_Jonah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Jonah (Michelangelo)">Prophet Jonah</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">The Last Judgment</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cappella_Paolina" title="Cappella Paolina">Pauline Chapel</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Crucifixion_of_St._Peter_(Michelangelo)" title="The Crucifixion of St. Peter (Michelangelo)">The Martyrdom of St Peter</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Saul_(Michelangelo)" title="The Conversion of Saul (Michelangelo)">The Conversion of Saul</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medici_Chapel" title="Medici Chapel">New Sacristy</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurentian_Library" title="Laurentian Library">Laurentian Library</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Lorenzo,_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence">Basilica of San Lorenzo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Rome</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capitoline_Hill#Piazza" title="Capitoline Hill">Piazza del Campidoglio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palazzo_Farnese" title="Palazzo Farnese">Palazzo Farnese</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">San Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Porta_Pia" title="Porta Pia">Porta Pia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="More" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">More</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Works on paper</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Study_of_a_Kneeling_Nude_Girl_for_The_Entombment" title="Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment">Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Male_Back_With_a_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Male Back With a Flag">Male Back With a Flag</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epifania_(Michelangelo_drawing)" title="Epifania (Michelangelo drawing)">Epifania</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Milieu</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cecchino_dei_Bracci" title="Cecchino dei Bracci">Cecchino dei Bracci</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tommaso_dei_Cavalieri" title="Tommaso dei Cavalieri">Tommaso dei Cavalieri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vittoria_Colonna" title="Vittoria Colonna">Vittoria Colonna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ascanio_Condivi" title="Ascanio Condivi">Ascanio Condivi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gherardo_Perini" title="Gherardo Perini">Gherardo Perini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebastiano_del_Piombo" title="Sebastiano del Piombo">Sebastiano del Piombo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Febo_di_Poggio" title="Febo di Poggio">Febo di Poggio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luigi_del_Riccio" title="Luigi del Riccio">Luigi del Riccio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casa_Buonarroti" title="Casa Buonarroti">Casa Buonarroti</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo_and_the_Medici" title="Michelangelo and the Medici">Michelangelo and the Medici</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_David" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's David">Replicas of <i>David</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's Pietà">Replicas of the <i>Pietà</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes" title="Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes">Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Titan:_Story_of_Michelangelo" title="The Titan: Story of Michelangelo"><i>The Titan: Story of Michelangelo</i> (1950 documentary)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Agony_and_the_Ecstasy_(novel)" title="The Agony and the Ecstasy (novel)"><i>The Agony and the Ecstasy</i> (1961 novel,</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Agony_and_the_Ecstasy_(film)" title="The Agony and the Ecstasy (film)">1965 film)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Season_of_Giants" title="A Season of Giants"><i>A Season of Giants</i> (1990 TV film)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelangelo_quadrangle" title="Michelangelo quadrangle">Michelangelo quadrangle</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=David_(Michelangelo)&params=43_46_36.13_N_11_15_34.02_E_source:itwiki_region:IT_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°46′36.13″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°15′34.02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.7767028°N 11.2594500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.7767028; 11.2594500</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
</p>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179900&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179900&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179900" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12071178b">cb12071178b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12071178b">(data)</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4246818-8">4246818-8</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n98092301">n98092301</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028991141">028991141</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/179549517">179549517</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/179549517">179549517</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-smarth-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smarth_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/Michelangelo-David.html">"Michelangelo's David"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smarthistory" title="Smarthistory">Smarthistory</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michelangelo%27s+David&rft.pub=Smarthistory+at+Khan+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmarthistory.khanacademy.org%2FMichelangelo-David.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+%28Michelangelo%29" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
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</div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1571752559 |
