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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Truganini (Trugernanner)
| image = B(1871) p187 TASMANIA, THE LAST OF THE ABORIGINALS (LADY).jpg
| caption = Truganini in 1870.
| birth_date = c. 1812
| birth_place = [[Bruny Island]], [[Van Diemen's Land]]
| death_date = 8 May {{death year and age|1876|1812}}
| death_place = [[Hobart]], [[Tasmania]], Australia
| other_names = Truganini, Trucanini, Trucaninny, and Lallah Rookh "Trugernanner"
| known_for = Last surviving full-blooded Aboriginal Tasmanian{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}}
| relatives =
| spouse=Woorrady
}}
'''Truganini''' (c. 1812 – 8 May 1876) was a woman widely considered to have been the last full-blooded [[Aboriginal Tasmanian]], although she was outlived by [[Fanny Cochrane Smith]] (1834–1905).
There are a number of other spellings of her name, including ''Trugernanner, Trugernena, Truganina, Trugannini, Trucanini, Trucaminni'',{{efn|name=Times|"A royal lady - Trucaminni, or Lallah Rookh, the last Tasmanian aboriginal, has died of paralysis, aged 73. She was Queen Consort to King Billy, who died in March 1871, and had been under the care of Mrs Dandridge, who was allowed £80 annually by the Government for maintenance."<ref>[[The Times]], Thursday, 6 July 1876; pg. 6; Issue 28674; col D</ref>}}
and ''Trucaninny''.{{efn|Colonial-era reports spell her name "Trugernanner" or "Trugernena" (in modern orthography, ''Trukanana'' or ''Trukanina''). In 1869 the town of Truganini was established near [[Bendigo]] in Victoria; in 1870 that spelling was first used for Truganini's name.{{cn|date=January 2018}}}}
Truganini was also widely known by the nickname ''Lalla(h) Rookh''.{{efn|name=Times}}
==Early life==
[[File:Australia Tasmania location map Bruny Island.png|thumb|Location of Bruny Island (shaded pink) near Tasmania]]
Truganini was born about 1812{{sfn|Ryan|Smith|1976}} on [[Bruny Island]] (''Lunawanna-alonnah''), located south of the [[Van Diemen's Land]] capital [[Hobart]] and separated from the Tasmanian mainland by the [[D'Entrecasteaux Channel]].{{sfn|Flannery|1994}} She was a daughter of Mangana, Chief of the Bruny Island people. Her name was, in the [[Bruny Island language]] (''Nuennonne''), the name of the [[Atriplex cinerea|grey saltbush ''Atriplex cinerea'']].<ref>Ellis, V. R. 1981. ''Trucanini: Queen or Traitor''. [[Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies]]. p.3</ref>
In her youth she took part in her people's traditional culture, but Aboriginal life was disrupted by European settlement. When Lieutenant-Governor [[George Arthur]] arrived in Van Diemen's Land in 1824, he implemented two policies to deal with the growing conflict between settlers and the Aboriginals. First, bounties were awarded for the capture of Aboriginal adults and children, and secondly an effort was made to establish friendly relations with Aboriginals in order to lure them into camps. The campaign began on Bruny Island where there had been fewer hostilities than in other parts of Tasmania.
[[File:Truganini and last 4 tasmanian aborigines.jpg|left|thumb|Truganini, seated right]]
When Truganini met [[George Augustus Robinson]], the [[Protector of Aboriginals]], in 1829, her mother had been killed by sailors, her uncle shot by a soldier, her sister abducted by sealers, and her fiancé brutally murdered by [[lumberjack|timber-cutters]], who then repeatedly sexually abused her. In 1830, Robinson moved Truganini and her husband, Woorrady, to [[Flinders Island]] with the last surviving Tasmanian Aboriginals, numbering approximately 100. The stated aim of isolation was to save them,{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} but many of the group died from [[influenza]] and other diseases. In 1838 Truganini also helped Robinson to establish a settlement for mainland Aboriginals at [[Port Phillip]].<ref>The Andersons of Western Port Horton & Morris</ref>
After about two years of living in and around Melbourne, she joined [[Tunnerminnerwait]] and three other Tasmanian Aboriginals as [[outlaw]]s, robbing and shooting at settlers around [[Dandenong]], which triggered a long pursuit by the authorities. The outlaws moved on to [[Bass River (Victoria)|Bass River]] and then [[Cape Paterson]]. There, members of the group murdered two whalers at Watsons hut. The group was captured and sent for trial for murder at Port Phillip, and a gunshot wound to Truganini's head was treated by Dr Hugh Anderson of Bass River. The two men of the group were found guilty and hanged on 20 January 1842.{{sfn|The Australasian Chronicle|1842|p=2}}
Truganini and most of the other Tasmanian Aboriginals were returned to Flinders Island several months later. In 1856, the few surviving Tasmanian Aboriginals on Flinders Island, including Truganini, were moved to a settlement at [[Oyster Cove, Tasmania|Oyster Cove]], south of [[Hobart]].{{sfn|Gough|2006}}
According to ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper, quoting a report issued by the [[Colonial Office]], by 1861 the number of survivors at Oyster Cove was only fourteen: "...14 persons, all adults, aboriginals of Tasmania, who are the sole surviving remnant of ten tribes. Nine of these persons are women and five are men. There are among them four married couples, and four of the men and five of the women are under 45 years of age, but no children have been born to them for years. It is considered difficult to account for this... Besides these 14 persons there is a native woman who is married to a white man, and who has a son, a fine healthy-looking child..." The article, headed "Decay of Race", adds that although the survivors enjoyed generally good health and still made hunting trips to the bush during the season, after first asking "leave to go", they were now "fed, housed and clothed at public expense" and "much addicted to drinking".<ref>''[[The Times]]'', issue 23848 dated Tuesday, 5 February 1861; p. 10; col A</ref>
==Final years and legacy==
[[File:National Portrait Gallery, Canberra, Australia - Joy of Museums - Trucaninny, wife of Woureddy.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Benjamin Law (artist)|Benjamin Law]]'s 1835 bust of Truganini, commissioned by [[George Augustus Robinson]]]]
Oral histories of Truganini report that after arriving in the new settlement of Melbourne and disengaging with Robinson, she had a child named Louisa Esmai with John Shugnow or Strugnell at Point Nepean in Victoria. Further, Truganini was from the bloodlines of Victoria's [[Kulin Nation]] tribes. Indeed, they hid the child from authorities hunting Truganini. After Truganini was captured and exiled, her daughter Louisa was raised in the Kulin Nation. Louisa married John Briggs and supervised the orphanage at [[Coranderrk|Coranderrk Aboriginal Reserve]] when it was managed by [[Wurundjeri]] leaders including [[Simon Wonga]] and [[William Barak]].<ref>Register of Births, Deaths & Marriages</ref>{{efn|According to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Louisa Briggs was probably the daughter of Doog-by-er-um-boroke, a Woiorung woman kidnapped from Port Phillip by sealers.{{sfn|Barwick|2005}}
}}
According to a report in ''[[The Times]]'' she later married a Tasmanian Aboriginal, [[William Lanne]] (known as "King Billy") who died in March 1869.{{efn|name=Times}} By 1873, Truganini was the sole survivor of the Oyster Cove group, and was again moved to [[Hobart]]. She died three years later and was buried at the former [[Cascades Female Factory|Female Factory]] at [[Cascades, Tasmania|Cascades]], a suburb of Hobart.
Before her death Truganini had pleaded to colonial authorities for a respectful burial, and requested that her ashes be scattered in the [[D'Entrecasteaux Channel]]. She feared that her body would be mutilated for perverse scientific purposes as William Lanne's had been.{{sfn|Australian Museum}}
Despite her wishes, within two years, her skeleton was exhumed by the [[Royal Society of Tasmania]] and later placed on display.{{sfn|Kühnast|2009}}
Only in April 1976, approaching the centenary of her death, were Truganini's remains finally cremated and scattered according to her wishes.<ref>"The Last Wish: Truganini's ashes scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel", ''Aboriginal News'', vol. 3, no. 2, 1976</ref>{{sfn|DPAC Tasmania|2011}}
Truganini is often considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a [[Tasmanian language]].{{sfn|Crowley|Thieberger|2007}}
However, ''[[The Companion to Tasmanian History]]'' details three full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal women, Sal, Suke and Betty, who lived on [[Kangaroo Island]] in South Australia in the late 1870s and "all three outlived Truganini". There were also Tasmanian Aboriginals living on [[Flinders Island|Flinders]] and [[Lady Barron Island]]s. [[Fanny Cochrane Smith]] (1834–1905) outlived Truganini by 30 years and in 1889 was officially recognised as the last full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal. Smith recorded songs in her native language, the only audio recordings that exist of an indigenous Tasmanian language.{{sfn|Ryan|Smith|1976}}{{sfn|Fanny Cochrane Smith}}
In 1997 the [[Royal Albert Memorial Museum]], [[Exeter]], England, returned Truganini's necklace and bracelet to [[Tasmania]]. In 2002, some of her hair and skin were found in the collection of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] and returned to Tasmania for burial.{{sfn|Barkham|Finlayson|2002}}
In 1835 and 1836, settler [[Benjamin Law (artist)|Benjamin Law]] created a pair of busts depicting Truganini and [[Woorrady]] in [[Hobart|Hobart Town]] that have come under recent controversy.{{sfn|Hansen|2010}}
In 2009, members of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre protested an auction of these works by [[Sotheby's]] in [[Melbourne]], arguing that the sculptures were racist, perpetuated false myths of Aboriginal extinction, and erased the experiences of Tasmania's remaining indigenous populations.{{sfn|ABC News}}
Representatives called for the busts to be returned to the Aboriginal community, and were ultimately successful in stopping the auction.{{sfn|Davies|2009}}
Artist Edmund Joel Dicks also created a plaster bust of Truganini, which is in the collection of the National Museum of Australia.{{sfn|NMoA|1931}}
== Cultural references ==
* "[[Truganini's Dreaming]]" is the title of a song written by [[Bunna Lawrie]], the founding member, sole songwriter and lead singer of the Australian Aboriginal band [[Coloured Stone]]. It appeared on their 1986 album, ''Human Love'', which won the Best Indigenous Release at the [[ARIA Music Awards of 1987]].
* "[[Truganinni]]", a play about her life, by Melbourne writer Bill Reid, had its premier at the Union Theatre, University of Melbourne on 21/04/1970, directed by George Whaley and starring Jan Hamilton as Truganinni.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
* "[[Truganini (song)|Truganini]]" is the name of a song by [[Midnight Oil]], from their 1993 album ''[[Earth and Sun and Moon]]''; this song spoke partly of Truganini herself but also of what Midnight Oil saw as Australia's environmental and social problems.
* In the [[roman à clef]] ''[[Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World]]'', one of the main characters is Trugernanna, a somewhat-fictional portrayal of Truganini.
* A steamer called "Truganini" sailed in the South Seas in 1886, visiting [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref>The Times, Saturday, 24 April 1886; pg. 4; Issue 31742; col E</ref>
* A racehorse named "Truganini" ran in Britain in the early 20th century<ref>The Times, Thursday, 22 October 1908; pg. 13; Issue 38784; col A</ref> and another named "Trucanini" started racing aged 2 in the 2012 season.
* The cruelty against Truganini receives explicit mention in [[Yuval Harari]]'s ''[[Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind]]''.{{cn|date=June 2018}}
* Truganani is the name of a song by Troy Kingi, from his 2019 album Holy Colony Burning Acres.
==See also==
* [[Black War]]
* ''[[Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World]]''
* [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]]
* [[Tunnerminnerwait]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|20em}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin|35em}}
*{{cite news| title = Museum returns sacred samples
| last1 = Barkham | first1 = P.
| last2 = Finlayson | first2 = A.
| newspaper = [[The Guardian]]
| lastauthoramp = yes
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,725125,00.html
| date = 31 May 2002 | access-date = 11 July 2006
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography| title = Briggs, Louisa (1836–1925)
| last = Barwick | first = Laura
| year = 2005
| id2 = briggs-louisa-12816
| access-date = 7 October 2015
| ref = harv
}}
*{{cite book| title = Field linguistics: a beginner's guide
| last1 = Crowley | first1 = Terry
| last2 = Thieberger | first2 = Nick
| author1-link = Terry Crowley (linguist)
| author2-link = Nicholas Thieberger
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press, USA]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mX8xvuCT1xgC&lpg=PP1&dq=Crowley%2C%20Field%20Linguistics&pg=PA2
| date = 2007
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite news| title = Aborigines demand that British Museum returns Truganini bust
| last = Davies | first = Caroline
| newspaper = the Guardian
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/16/tasmania-aborigines-ancestors-repatriation
| date = 16 September 2009 | access-date = 29 November 2015
| ref = harv
}}
*{{cite web| title = Fanny Cochrane Smith
| work = Index of Significant Tasmanian Women
| publisher = Department of Premier and Cabinet (Tasmania)
| url = http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/fanny_cochrane_smith
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100719153158/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/fanny_cochrane_smith
| access-date = 21 March 2012 | archive-date = 19 July 2010
| quote = She is probably best known for her cylinder recordings of Aboriginal songs, recorded in 1899, which are the only audio recordings of an indigenous Tasmanian language.
| ref = {{harvid|Fanny Cochrane Smith}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = The Future Eaters: An ecological history of the Australasian lands and people
| last = Flannery | first = Tim F.
| author-link = Tim Flannery
| year = 1994
| publisher = Grove Press | location = New York
| isbn = 0-8021-3943-4
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Oyster Cove
| last = Gough | first = Julie
| year = 2006
| title = The Companion to Tasmanian History
| publisher = Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, [[University of Tasmania]]
| chapter-url = http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/O/Oyster%20Cove.htm
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Seeing Truganini
| last = Hansen | first = David
| journal = Australian Book Review
| url = http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/Calibre/ABR_May_10_Hansen_Calibre_essay.pdf | format = PDF | url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061052/http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/Calibre/ABR_May_10_Hansen_Calibre_essay.pdf
| date = May 2010 | archive-date = 4 March 2016
| ref = harv
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = "In the interest of science and the colony". Truganini und die Legende von den aussterbenden Rassen.
| last = Kühnast | first = Antje
| year = 2009
| title = Entfremdete Körper: Rassismus als Leichenschändung
| trans-title = Alienated Bodies: Racism and the desecration of corpses
| editor-last = Hund | editor-first = Wulf D.
| publisher = transcript Verlag | location = Bielefeld
| pages = 205–250
| isbn = 978-3-8376-1151-9
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite news| title = Plaster bust of Truganini by Edmund Joel Dicks
| publisher = National Museum of Australia
| url = http://collectionsearch.nma.gov.au/object/62235
| date = 1931 | access-date = 21 November 2017
| ref = {{harvid|NMoA|1931}}
}}
*{{cite news| title = Port Phillip
| newspaper = [[The Australasian Chronicle]] | location = Sydney, NSW
| page = 2
| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31735061
| date = 15 February 1842 | access-date = 27 March 2015
| ref = {{harvid|The Australasian Chronicle|1842}}
}}
*{{Cite news| title = 'Racism not art': Anger at Truganini bust auction
| publisher = ABC News
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-08-24/racism-not-art-anger-at-truganini-bust-auction/1402242
| access-date = 29 November 2015
| ref = {{harvid|ABC News}}
}}
*{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography| title = Trugernanner (Truganini) (1812–1876)
| last1 = Ryan | first1 = Lyndall
| last2 = Smith | first2 = Neil
| author1-link = Lyndall Ryan
| year = 1976
| id2 = trugernanner-truganini-4752
| volume = 6
| access-date = 24 June 2013
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite web| title = Truganini
| work = Index of Significant Tasmanian Women
| publisher = Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet
| url = http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/truganini
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091028082340/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/truganini
| date = October 2011 | access-date = 21 March 2012 | archive-date = 28 October 2009
| ref = {{harvid|DPAC Tasmania|2011}}
}}
*{{Cite web| title = Truganini (1812?-1876)
| publisher = [[Australian Museum]]
| url = http://australianmuseum.net.au/truganini-1812-1876
| access-date = 28 November 2015
| ref = {{harvid|Australian Museum}}
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [[s:The Last of the Tasmanians|''The Last of the Tasmanians'' on Wikisource]]
* [http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-750074 Truganini (1812–1876)] [[National Library of Australia]], ''[[NLA Trove]], People and Organisation'' record for Truganini
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090921083956/http://images.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/Search/Search.asp?Letter=T&Subject=Truganini+%2D+1803%2D1876 Images of Truganini in State Library of Tasmania collection]
* Alexander, Alison [http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Truganini.htm Truganini] at ''[[Companion to Tasmanian History]]'', University of Tasmania
* Russell, John [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161335/http://www.fotoworkz.com/Trucanini.htm (Essay) The Representation of Trucanini] 1999. at fotoworkz freelance photographic
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050208104946/http://www.islandmag.com/96/article.html (Article) Truganini's Funeral]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/hindsight/stories/2009/2477053.htm (Radio Feature) Truganini – Bushranger]
* [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Truganini-1812-1876 (Article) Truganini (1812?–1876) A life reflecting the tragic history of the first Tasmanians.]
{{Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania}}
{{Southern Tasmania}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Truganini}}
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1876 deaths]]
[[Category:History of Indigenous Australians]]
[[Category:History of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tasmanian people]]
[[Category:Last known speakers of an Australian Aboriginal language]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'stop calling her the last "full-blooded" aboriginal that's an offensive term there's no such thing as being more or less aboriginal it's not like that they people still exist today and they are just as "full-blooded" as they always have been
==Early life==
[[File:Australia Tasmania location map Bruny Island.png|thumb|Location of Bruny Island (shaded pink) near Tasmania]]
Truganini was born about 1812{{sfn|Ryan|Smith|1976}} on [[Bruny Island]] (''Lunawanna-alonnah''), located south of the [[Van Diemen's Land]] capital [[Hobart]] and separated from the Tasmanian mainland by the [[D'Entrecasteaux Channel]].{{sfn|Flannery|1994}} She was a daughter of Mangana, Chief of the Bruny Island people. Her name was, in the [[Bruny Island language]] (''Nuennonne''), the name of the [[Atriplex cinerea|grey saltbush ''Atriplex cinerea'']].<ref>Ellis, V. R. 1981. ''Trucanini: Queen or Traitor''. [[Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies]]. p.3</ref>
In her youth she took part in her people's traditional culture, but Aboriginal life was disrupted by European settlement. When Lieutenant-Governor [[George Arthur]] arrived in Van Diemen's Land in 1824, he implemented two policies to deal with the growing conflict between settlers and the Aboriginals. First, bounties were awarded for the capture of Aboriginal adults and children, and secondly an effort was made to establish friendly relations with Aboriginals in order to lure them into camps. The campaign began on Bruny Island where there had been fewer hostilities than in other parts of Tasmania.
[[File:Truganini and last 4 tasmanian aborigines.jpg|left|thumb|Truganini, seated right]]
When Truganini met [[George Augustus Robinson]], the [[Protector of Aboriginals]], in 1829, her mother had been killed by sailors, her uncle shot by a soldier, her sister abducted by sealers, and her fiancé brutally murdered by [[lumberjack|timber-cutters]], who then repeatedly sexually abused her. In 1830, Robinson moved Truganini and her husband, Woorrady, to [[Flinders Island]] with the last surviving Tasmanian Aboriginals, numbering approximately 100. The stated aim of isolation was to save them,{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} but many of the group died from [[influenza]] and other diseases. In 1838 Truganini also helped Robinson to establish a settlement for mainland Aboriginals at [[Port Phillip]].<ref>The Andersons of Western Port Horton & Morris</ref>
After about two years of living in and around Melbourne, she joined [[Tunnerminnerwait]] and three other Tasmanian Aboriginals as [[outlaw]]s, robbing and shooting at settlers around [[Dandenong]], which triggered a long pursuit by the authorities. The outlaws moved on to [[Bass River (Victoria)|Bass River]] and then [[Cape Paterson]]. There, members of the group murdered two whalers at Watsons hut. The group was captured and sent for trial for murder at Port Phillip, and a gunshot wound to Truganini's head was treated by Dr Hugh Anderson of Bass River. The two men of the group were found guilty and hanged on 20 January 1842.{{sfn|The Australasian Chronicle|1842|p=2}}
Truganini and most of the other Tasmanian Aboriginals were returned to Flinders Island several months later. In 1856, the few surviving Tasmanian Aboriginals on Flinders Island, including Truganini, were moved to a settlement at [[Oyster Cove, Tasmania|Oyster Cove]], south of [[Hobart]].{{sfn|Gough|2006}}
According to ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper, quoting a report issued by the [[Colonial Office]], by 1861 the number of survivors at Oyster Cove was only fourteen: "...14 persons, all adults, aboriginals of Tasmania, who are the sole surviving remnant of ten tribes. Nine of these persons are women and five are men. There are among them four married couples, and four of the men and five of the women are under 45 years of age, but no children have been born to them for years. It is considered difficult to account for this... Besides these 14 persons there is a native woman who is married to a white man, and who has a son, a fine healthy-looking child..." The article, headed "Decay of Race", adds that although the survivors enjoyed generally good health and still made hunting trips to the bush during the season, after first asking "leave to go", they were now "fed, housed and clothed at public expense" and "much addicted to drinking".<ref>''[[The Times]]'', issue 23848 dated Tuesday, 5 February 1861; p. 10; col A</ref>
==Final years and legacy==
[[File:National Portrait Gallery, Canberra, Australia - Joy of Museums - Trucaninny, wife of Woureddy.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Benjamin Law (artist)|Benjamin Law]]'s 1835 bust of Truganini, commissioned by [[George Augustus Robinson]]]]
Oral histories of Truganini report that after arriving in the new settlement of Melbourne and disengaging with Robinson, she had a child named Louisa Esmai with John Shugnow or Strugnell at Point Nepean in Victoria. Further, Truganini was from the bloodlines of Victoria's [[Kulin Nation]] tribes. Indeed, they hid the child from authorities hunting Truganini. After Truganini was captured and exiled, her daughter Louisa was raised in the Kulin Nation. Louisa married John Briggs and supervised the orphanage at [[Coranderrk|Coranderrk Aboriginal Reserve]] when it was managed by [[Wurundjeri]] leaders including [[Simon Wonga]] and [[William Barak]].<ref>Register of Births, Deaths & Marriages</ref>{{efn|According to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Louisa Briggs was probably the daughter of Doog-by-er-um-boroke, a Woiorung woman kidnapped from Port Phillip by sealers.{{sfn|Barwick|2005}}
}}
According to a report in ''[[The Times]]'' she later married a Tasmanian Aboriginal, [[William Lanne]] (known as "King Billy") who died in March 1869.{{efn|name=Times}} By 1873, Truganini was the sole survivor of the Oyster Cove group, and was again moved to [[Hobart]]. She died three years later and was buried at the former [[Cascades Female Factory|Female Factory]] at [[Cascades, Tasmania|Cascades]], a suburb of Hobart.
Before her death Truganini had pleaded to colonial authorities for a respectful burial, and requested that her ashes be scattered in the [[D'Entrecasteaux Channel]]. She feared that her body would be mutilated for perverse scientific purposes as William Lanne's had been.{{sfn|Australian Museum}}
Despite her wishes, within two years, her skeleton was exhumed by the [[Royal Society of Tasmania]] and later placed on display.{{sfn|Kühnast|2009}}
Only in April 1976, approaching the centenary of her death, were Truganini's remains finally cremated and scattered according to her wishes.<ref>"The Last Wish: Truganini's ashes scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel", ''Aboriginal News'', vol. 3, no. 2, 1976</ref>{{sfn|DPAC Tasmania|2011}}
Truganini is often considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a [[Tasmanian language]].{{sfn|Crowley|Thieberger|2007}}
However, ''[[The Companion to Tasmanian History]]'' details three full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal women, Sal, Suke and Betty, who lived on [[Kangaroo Island]] in South Australia in the late 1870s and "all three outlived Truganini". There were also Tasmanian Aboriginals living on [[Flinders Island|Flinders]] and [[Lady Barron Island]]s. [[Fanny Cochrane Smith]] (1834–1905) outlived Truganini by 30 years and in 1889 was officially recognised as the last full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal. Smith recorded songs in her native language, the only audio recordings that exist of an indigenous Tasmanian language.{{sfn|Ryan|Smith|1976}}{{sfn|Fanny Cochrane Smith}}
In 1997 the [[Royal Albert Memorial Museum]], [[Exeter]], England, returned Truganini's necklace and bracelet to [[Tasmania]]. In 2002, some of her hair and skin were found in the collection of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] and returned to Tasmania for burial.{{sfn|Barkham|Finlayson|2002}}
In 1835 and 1836, settler [[Benjamin Law (artist)|Benjamin Law]] created a pair of busts depicting Truganini and [[Woorrady]] in [[Hobart|Hobart Town]] that have come under recent controversy.{{sfn|Hansen|2010}}
In 2009, members of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre protested an auction of these works by [[Sotheby's]] in [[Melbourne]], arguing that the sculptures were racist, perpetuated false myths of Aboriginal extinction, and erased the experiences of Tasmania's remaining indigenous populations.{{sfn|ABC News}}
Representatives called for the busts to be returned to the Aboriginal community, and were ultimately successful in stopping the auction.{{sfn|Davies|2009}}
Artist Edmund Joel Dicks also created a plaster bust of Truganini, which is in the collection of the National Museum of Australia.{{sfn|NMoA|1931}}
== Cultural references ==
* "[[Truganini's Dreaming]]" is the title of a song written by [[Bunna Lawrie]], the founding member, sole songwriter and lead singer of the Australian Aboriginal band [[Coloured Stone]]. It appeared on their 1986 album, ''Human Love'', which won the Best Indigenous Release at the [[ARIA Music Awards of 1987]].
* "[[Truganinni]]", a play about her life, by Melbourne writer Bill Reid, had its premier at the Union Theatre, University of Melbourne on 21/04/1970, directed by George Whaley and starring Jan Hamilton as Truganinni.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
* "[[Truganini (song)|Truganini]]" is the name of a song by [[Midnight Oil]], from their 1993 album ''[[Earth and Sun and Moon]]''; this song spoke partly of Truganini herself but also of what Midnight Oil saw as Australia's environmental and social problems.
* In the [[roman à clef]] ''[[Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World]]'', one of the main characters is Trugernanna, a somewhat-fictional portrayal of Truganini.
* A steamer called "Truganini" sailed in the South Seas in 1886, visiting [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref>The Times, Saturday, 24 April 1886; pg. 4; Issue 31742; col E</ref>
* A racehorse named "Truganini" ran in Britain in the early 20th century<ref>The Times, Thursday, 22 October 1908; pg. 13; Issue 38784; col A</ref> and another named "Trucanini" started racing aged 2 in the 2012 season.
* The cruelty against Truganini receives explicit mention in [[Yuval Harari]]'s ''[[Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind]]''.{{cn|date=June 2018}}
* Truganani is the name of a song by Troy Kingi, from his 2019 album Holy Colony Burning Acres.
==See also==
* [[Black War]]
* ''[[Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World]]''
* [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]]
* [[Tunnerminnerwait]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|20em}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin|35em}}
*{{cite news| title = Museum returns sacred samples
| last1 = Barkham | first1 = P.
| last2 = Finlayson | first2 = A.
| newspaper = [[The Guardian]]
| lastauthoramp = yes
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,725125,00.html
| date = 31 May 2002 | access-date = 11 July 2006
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography| title = Briggs, Louisa (1836–1925)
| last = Barwick | first = Laura
| year = 2005
| id2 = briggs-louisa-12816
| access-date = 7 October 2015
| ref = harv
}}
*{{cite book| title = Field linguistics: a beginner's guide
| last1 = Crowley | first1 = Terry
| last2 = Thieberger | first2 = Nick
| author1-link = Terry Crowley (linguist)
| author2-link = Nicholas Thieberger
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press, USA]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mX8xvuCT1xgC&lpg=PP1&dq=Crowley%2C%20Field%20Linguistics&pg=PA2
| date = 2007
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite news| title = Aborigines demand that British Museum returns Truganini bust
| last = Davies | first = Caroline
| newspaper = the Guardian
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/16/tasmania-aborigines-ancestors-repatriation
| date = 16 September 2009 | access-date = 29 November 2015
| ref = harv
}}
*{{cite web| title = Fanny Cochrane Smith
| work = Index of Significant Tasmanian Women
| publisher = Department of Premier and Cabinet (Tasmania)
| url = http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/fanny_cochrane_smith
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100719153158/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/fanny_cochrane_smith
| access-date = 21 March 2012 | archive-date = 19 July 2010
| quote = She is probably best known for her cylinder recordings of Aboriginal songs, recorded in 1899, which are the only audio recordings of an indigenous Tasmanian language.
| ref = {{harvid|Fanny Cochrane Smith}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = The Future Eaters: An ecological history of the Australasian lands and people
| last = Flannery | first = Tim F.
| author-link = Tim Flannery
| year = 1994
| publisher = Grove Press | location = New York
| isbn = 0-8021-3943-4
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book| chapter = Oyster Cove
| last = Gough | first = Julie
| year = 2006
| title = The Companion to Tasmanian History
| publisher = Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, [[University of Tasmania]]
| chapter-url = http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/O/Oyster%20Cove.htm
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Seeing Truganini
| last = Hansen | first = David
| journal = Australian Book Review
| url = http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/Calibre/ABR_May_10_Hansen_Calibre_essay.pdf | format = PDF | url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061052/http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/Calibre/ABR_May_10_Hansen_Calibre_essay.pdf
| date = May 2010 | archive-date = 4 March 2016
| ref = harv
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = "In the interest of science and the colony". Truganini und die Legende von den aussterbenden Rassen.
| last = Kühnast | first = Antje
| year = 2009
| title = Entfremdete Körper: Rassismus als Leichenschändung
| trans-title = Alienated Bodies: Racism and the desecration of corpses
| editor-last = Hund | editor-first = Wulf D.
| publisher = transcript Verlag | location = Bielefeld
| pages = 205–250
| isbn = 978-3-8376-1151-9
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite news| title = Plaster bust of Truganini by Edmund Joel Dicks
| publisher = National Museum of Australia
| url = http://collectionsearch.nma.gov.au/object/62235
| date = 1931 | access-date = 21 November 2017
| ref = {{harvid|NMoA|1931}}
}}
*{{cite news| title = Port Phillip
| newspaper = [[The Australasian Chronicle]] | location = Sydney, NSW
| page = 2
| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31735061
| date = 15 February 1842 | access-date = 27 March 2015
| ref = {{harvid|The Australasian Chronicle|1842}}
}}
*{{Cite news| title = 'Racism not art': Anger at Truganini bust auction
| publisher = ABC News
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-08-24/racism-not-art-anger-at-truganini-bust-auction/1402242
| access-date = 29 November 2015
| ref = {{harvid|ABC News}}
}}
*{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography| title = Trugernanner (Truganini) (1812–1876)
| last1 = Ryan | first1 = Lyndall
| last2 = Smith | first2 = Neil
| author1-link = Lyndall Ryan
| year = 1976
| id2 = trugernanner-truganini-4752
| volume = 6
| access-date = 24 June 2013
| ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite web| title = Truganini
| work = Index of Significant Tasmanian Women
| publisher = Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet
| url = http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/truganini
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091028082340/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/truganini
| date = October 2011 | access-date = 21 March 2012 | archive-date = 28 October 2009
| ref = {{harvid|DPAC Tasmania|2011}}
}}
*{{Cite web| title = Truganini (1812?-1876)
| publisher = [[Australian Museum]]
| url = http://australianmuseum.net.au/truganini-1812-1876
| access-date = 28 November 2015
| ref = {{harvid|Australian Museum}}
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [[s:The Last of the Tasmanians|''The Last of the Tasmanians'' on Wikisource]]
* [http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-750074 Truganini (1812–1876)] [[National Library of Australia]], ''[[NLA Trove]], People and Organisation'' record for Truganini
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090921083956/http://images.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/Search/Search.asp?Letter=T&Subject=Truganini+%2D+1803%2D1876 Images of Truganini in State Library of Tasmania collection]
* Alexander, Alison [http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Truganini.htm Truganini] at ''[[Companion to Tasmanian History]]'', University of Tasmania
* Russell, John [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161335/http://www.fotoworkz.com/Trucanini.htm (Essay) The Representation of Trucanini] 1999. at fotoworkz freelance photographic
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050208104946/http://www.islandmag.com/96/article.html (Article) Truganini's Funeral]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/hindsight/stories/2009/2477053.htm (Radio Feature) Truganini – Bushranger]
* [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Truganini-1812-1876 (Article) Truganini (1812?–1876) A life reflecting the tragic history of the first Tasmanians.]
{{Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania}}
{{Southern Tasmania}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Truganini}}
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1876 deaths]]
[[Category:History of Indigenous Australians]]
[[Category:History of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tasmanian people]]
[[Category:Last known speakers of an Australian Aboriginal language]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,24 +1,3 @@
-{{For|the Midnight Oil song|Truganini (song)}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}
-{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}
-{{Infobox person
- | name = Truganini (Trugernanner)
- | image = B(1871) p187 TASMANIA, THE LAST OF THE ABORIGINALS (LADY).jpg
- | caption = Truganini in 1870.
- | birth_date = c. 1812
- | birth_place = [[Bruny Island]], [[Van Diemen's Land]]
- | death_date = 8 May {{death year and age|1876|1812}}
- | death_place = [[Hobart]], [[Tasmania]], Australia
- | other_names = Truganini, Trucanini, Trucaninny, and Lallah Rookh "Trugernanner"
- | known_for = Last surviving full-blooded Aboriginal Tasmanian{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}}
- | relatives =
-| spouse=Woorrady
-}}
-
-'''Truganini''' (c. 1812 – 8 May 1876) was a woman widely considered to have been the last full-blooded [[Aboriginal Tasmanian]], although she was outlived by [[Fanny Cochrane Smith]] (1834–1905).
-
-There are a number of other spellings of her name, including ''Trugernanner, Trugernena, Truganina, Trugannini, Trucanini, Trucaminni'',{{efn|name=Times|"A royal lady - Trucaminni, or Lallah Rookh, the last Tasmanian aboriginal, has died of paralysis, aged 73. She was Queen Consort to King Billy, who died in March 1871, and had been under the care of Mrs Dandridge, who was allowed £80 annually by the Government for maintenance."<ref>[[The Times]], Thursday, 6 July 1876; pg. 6; Issue 28674; col D</ref>}}
-and ''Trucaninny''.{{efn|Colonial-era reports spell her name "Trugernanner" or "Trugernena" (in modern orthography, ''Trukanana'' or ''Trukanina''). In 1869 the town of Truganini was established near [[Bendigo]] in Victoria; in 1870 that spelling was first used for Truganini's name.{{cn|date=January 2018}}}}
-Truganini was also widely known by the nickname ''Lalla(h) Rookh''.{{efn|name=Times}}
+stop calling her the last "full-blooded" aboriginal that's an offensive term there's no such thing as being more or less aboriginal it's not like that they people still exist today and they are just as "full-blooded" as they always have been
==Early life==
' |
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0 => '{{For|the Midnight Oil song|Truganini (song)}}',
1 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}',
2 => '{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}',
3 => '{{Infobox person',
4 => ' | name = Truganini (Trugernanner)',
5 => ' | image = B(1871) p187 TASMANIA, THE LAST OF THE ABORIGINALS (LADY).jpg',
6 => ' | caption = Truganini in 1870.',
7 => ' | birth_date = c. 1812',
8 => ' | birth_place = [[Bruny Island]], [[Van Diemen's Land]]',
9 => ' | death_date = 8 May {{death year and age|1876|1812}}',
10 => ' | death_place = [[Hobart]], [[Tasmania]], Australia',
11 => ' | other_names = Truganini, Trucanini, Trucaninny, and Lallah Rookh "Trugernanner"',
12 => ' | known_for = Last surviving full-blooded Aboriginal Tasmanian{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}}',
13 => ' | relatives = ',
14 => '| spouse=Woorrady',
15 => '}}',
16 => '',
17 => ''''Truganini''' (c. 1812 – 8 May 1876) was a woman widely considered to have been the last full-blooded [[Aboriginal Tasmanian]], although she was outlived by [[Fanny Cochrane Smith]] (1834–1905).',
18 => '',
19 => 'There are a number of other spellings of her name, including ''Trugernanner, Trugernena, Truganina, Trugannini, Trucanini, Trucaminni'',{{efn|name=Times|"A royal lady - Trucaminni, or Lallah Rookh, the last Tasmanian aboriginal, has died of paralysis, aged 73. She was Queen Consort to King Billy, who died in March 1871, and had been under the care of Mrs Dandridge, who was allowed £80 annually by the Government for maintenance."<ref>[[The Times]], Thursday, 6 July 1876; pg. 6; Issue 28674; col D</ref>}}',
20 => 'and ''Trucaninny''.{{efn|Colonial-era reports spell her name "Trugernanner" or "Trugernena" (in modern orthography, ''Trukanana'' or ''Trukanina''). In 1869 the town of Truganini was established near [[Bendigo]] in Victoria; in 1870 that spelling was first used for Truganini's name.{{cn|date=January 2018}}}}',
21 => 'Truganini was also widely known by the nickname ''Lalla(h) Rookh''.{{efn|name=Times}}'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>stop calling her the last "full-blooded" aboriginal that's an offensive term there's no such thing as being more or less aboriginal it's not like that they people still exist today and they are just as "full-blooded" as they always have been
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Final_years_and_legacy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Final years and legacy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Cultural_references"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Cultural references</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Australia_Tasmania_location_map_Bruny_Island.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Australia_Tasmania_location_map_Bruny_Island.png/220px-Australia_Tasmania_location_map_Bruny_Island.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Australia_Tasmania_location_map_Bruny_Island.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Location of Bruny Island (shaded pink) near Tasmania</div></div></div>
<p>Truganini was born about 1812<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyanSmith1976_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyanSmith1976-1">[1]</a></sup> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruny_Island" title="Bruny Island">Bruny Island</a> (<i>Lunawanna-alonnah</i>), located south of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a> capital <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> and separated from the Tasmanian mainland by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%27Entrecasteaux_Channel" title="D'Entrecasteaux Channel">D'Entrecasteaux Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlannery1994_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlannery1994-2">[2]</a></sup> She was a daughter of Mangana, Chief of the Bruny Island people. Her name was, in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruny_Island_language" title="Bruny Island language">Bruny Island language</a> (<i>Nuennonne</i>), the name of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atriplex_cinerea" title="Atriplex cinerea">grey saltbush <i>Atriplex cinerea</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>In her youth she took part in her people's traditional culture, but Aboriginal life was disrupted by European settlement. When Lieutenant-Governor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="George Arthur">George Arthur</a> arrived in Van Diemen's Land in 1824, he implemented two policies to deal with the growing conflict between settlers and the Aboriginals. First, bounties were awarded for the capture of Aboriginal adults and children, and secondly an effort was made to establish friendly relations with Aboriginals in order to lure them into camps. The campaign began on Bruny Island where there had been fewer hostilities than in other parts of Tasmania.
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg/220px-Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="892" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Truganini, seated right</div></div></div>
<p>When Truganini met <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Augustus_Robinson" title="George Augustus Robinson">George Augustus Robinson</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protector_of_Aboriginals" class="mw-redirect" title="Protector of Aboriginals">Protector of Aboriginals</a>, in 1829, her mother had been killed by sailors, her uncle shot by a soldier, her sister abducted by sealers, and her fiancé brutally murdered by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lumberjack" title="Lumberjack">timber-cutters</a>, who then repeatedly sexually abused her. In 1830, Robinson moved Truganini and her husband, Woorrady, to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flinders_Island" title="Flinders Island">Flinders Island</a> with the last surviving Tasmanian Aboriginals, numbering approximately 100. The stated aim of isolation was to save them,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but many of the group died from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> and other diseases. In 1838 Truganini also helped Robinson to establish a settlement for mainland Aboriginals at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
After about two years of living in and around Melbourne, she joined <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tunnerminnerwait" title="Tunnerminnerwait">Tunnerminnerwait</a> and three other Tasmanian Aboriginals as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">outlaws</a>, robbing and shooting at settlers around <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dandenong" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandenong">Dandenong</a>, which triggered a long pursuit by the authorities. The outlaws moved on to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bass_River_(Victoria)" title="Bass River (Victoria)">Bass River</a> and then <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cape_Paterson" title="Cape Paterson">Cape Paterson</a>. There, members of the group murdered two whalers at Watsons hut. The group was captured and sent for trial for murder at Port Phillip, and a gunshot wound to Truganini's head was treated by Dr Hugh Anderson of Bass River. The two men of the group were found guilty and hanged on 20 January 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Australasian_Chronicle18422_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Australasian_Chronicle18422-5">[5]</a></sup>
Truganini and most of the other Tasmanian Aboriginals were returned to Flinders Island several months later. In 1856, the few surviving Tasmanian Aboriginals on Flinders Island, including Truganini, were moved to a settlement at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oyster_Cove,_Tasmania" title="Oyster Cove, Tasmania">Oyster Cove</a>, south of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGough2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGough2006-6">[6]</a></sup>
According to <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> newspaper, quoting a report issued by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a>, by 1861 the number of survivors at Oyster Cove was only fourteen: "...14 persons, all adults, aboriginals of Tasmania, who are the sole surviving remnant of ten tribes. Nine of these persons are women and five are men. There are among them four married couples, and four of the men and five of the women are under 45 years of age, but no children have been born to them for years. It is considered difficult to account for this... Besides these 14 persons there is a native woman who is married to a white man, and who has a son, a fine healthy-looking child..." The article, headed "Decay of Race", adds that although the survivors enjoyed generally good health and still made hunting trips to the bush during the season, after first asking "leave to go", they were now "fed, housed and clothed at public expense" and "much addicted to drinking".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Final_years_and_legacy">Final years and legacy</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:National_Portrait_Gallery,_Canberra,_Australia_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_Trucaninny,_wife_of_Woureddy.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/National_Portrait_Gallery%2C_Canberra%2C_Australia_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_Trucaninny%2C_wife_of_Woureddy.jpg/170px-National_Portrait_Gallery%2C_Canberra%2C_Australia_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_Trucaninny%2C_wife_of_Woureddy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:National_Portrait_Gallery,_Canberra,_Australia_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_Trucaninny,_wife_of_Woureddy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Law_(artist)" title="Benjamin Law (artist)">Benjamin Law</a>'s 1835 bust of Truganini, commissioned by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Augustus_Robinson" title="George Augustus Robinson">George Augustus Robinson</a></div></div></div>
<p>Oral histories of Truganini report that after arriving in the new settlement of Melbourne and disengaging with Robinson, she had a child named Louisa Esmai with John Shugnow or Strugnell at Point Nepean in Victoria. Further, Truganini was from the bloodlines of Victoria's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kulin_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulin Nation">Kulin Nation</a> tribes. Indeed, they hid the child from authorities hunting Truganini. After Truganini was captured and exiled, her daughter Louisa was raised in the Kulin Nation. Louisa married John Briggs and supervised the orphanage at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coranderrk" title="Coranderrk">Coranderrk Aboriginal Reserve</a> when it was managed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wurundjeri" title="Wurundjeri">Wurundjeri</a> leaders including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_Wonga" title="Simon Wonga">Simon Wonga</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Barak" title="William Barak">William Barak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a></sup>
According to a report in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> she later married a Tasmanian Aboriginal, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Lanne" title="William Lanne">William Lanne</a> (known as "King Billy") who died in March 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-Times_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-11">[b]</a></sup> By 1873, Truganini was the sole survivor of the Oyster Cove group, and was again moved to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>. She died three years later and was buried at the former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cascades_Female_Factory" title="Cascades Female Factory">Female Factory</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cascades,_Tasmania" title="Cascades, Tasmania">Cascades</a>, a suburb of Hobart.
</p><p>Before her death Truganini had pleaded to colonial authorities for a respectful burial, and requested that her ashes be scattered in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%27Entrecasteaux_Channel" title="D'Entrecasteaux Channel">D'Entrecasteaux Channel</a>. She feared that her body would be mutilated for perverse scientific purposes as William Lanne's had been.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Museum_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Museum-12">[10]</a></sup>
Despite her wishes, within two years, her skeleton was exhumed by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Tasmania" title="Royal Society of Tasmania">Royal Society of Tasmania</a> and later placed on display.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKühnast2009_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKühnast2009-13">[11]</a></sup>
Only in April 1976, approaching the centenary of her death, were Truganini's remains finally cremated and scattered according to her wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDPAC_Tasmania2011_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDPAC_Tasmania2011-15">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>Truganini is often considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmanian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian language">Tasmanian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowleyThieberger2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowleyThieberger2007-16">[14]</a></sup>
However, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Companion_to_Tasmanian_History" title="The Companion to Tasmanian History">The Companion to Tasmanian History</a></i> details three full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal women, Sal, Suke and Betty, who lived on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kangaroo_Island" title="Kangaroo Island">Kangaroo Island</a> in South Australia in the late 1870s and "all three outlived Truganini". There were also Tasmanian Aboriginals living on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flinders_Island" title="Flinders Island">Flinders</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lady_Barron_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Barron Island">Lady Barron Islands</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fanny_Cochrane_Smith" title="Fanny Cochrane Smith">Fanny Cochrane Smith</a> (1834–1905) outlived Truganini by 30 years and in 1889 was officially recognised as the last full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal. Smith recorded songs in her native language, the only audio recordings that exist of an indigenous Tasmanian language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyanSmith1976_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyanSmith1976-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFanny_Cochrane_Smith_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFanny_Cochrane_Smith-17">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1997 the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Albert_Memorial_Museum" title="Royal Albert Memorial Museum">Royal Albert Memorial Museum</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, England, returned Truganini's necklace and bracelet to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>. In 2002, some of her hair and skin were found in the collection of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_England" title="Royal College of Surgeons of England">Royal College of Surgeons of England</a> and returned to Tasmania for burial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkhamFinlayson2002_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkhamFinlayson2002-18">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1835 and 1836, settler <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Law_(artist)" title="Benjamin Law (artist)">Benjamin Law</a> created a pair of busts depicting Truganini and <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Woorrady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woorrady (page does not exist)">Woorrady</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart Town</a> that have come under recent controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen2010_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen2010-19">[17]</a></sup>
In 2009, members of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre protested an auction of these works by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, arguing that the sculptures were racist, perpetuated false myths of Aboriginal extinction, and erased the experiences of Tasmania's remaining indigenous populations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABC_News_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEABC_News-20">[18]</a></sup>
Representatives called for the busts to be returned to the Aboriginal community, and were ultimately successful in stopping the auction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2009_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009-21">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>Artist Edmund Joel Dicks also created a plaster bust of Truganini, which is in the collection of the National Museum of Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENMoA1931_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENMoA1931-22">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</span></h2>
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Truganini%27s_Dreaming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truganini's Dreaming (page does not exist)">Truganini's Dreaming</a>" is the title of a song written by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bunna_Lawrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunna Lawrie">Bunna Lawrie</a>, the founding member, sole songwriter and lead singer of the Australian Aboriginal band <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coloured_Stone" title="Coloured Stone">Coloured Stone</a>. It appeared on their 1986 album, <i>Human Love</i>, which won the Best Indigenous Release at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards_of_1987" title="ARIA Music Awards of 1987">ARIA Music Awards of 1987</a>.</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Truganinni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truganinni (page does not exist)">Truganinni</a>", a play about her life, by Melbourne writer Bill Reid, had its premier at the Union Theatre, University of Melbourne on 21/04/1970, directed by George Whaley and starring Jan Hamilton as Truganinni.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Truganini_(song)" title="Truganini (song)">Truganini</a>" is the name of a song by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midnight_Oil" title="Midnight Oil">Midnight Oil</a>, from their 1993 album <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth_and_Sun_and_Moon" title="Earth and Sun and Moon">Earth and Sun and Moon</a></i>; this song spoke partly of Truganini herself but also of what Midnight Oil saw as Australia's environmental and social problems.</li>
<li>In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_%C3%A0_clef" title="Roman à clef">roman à clef</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctor_Wooreddy%27s_Prescription_for_Enduring_the_Ending_of_the_World" title="Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World">Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World</a></i>, one of the main characters is Trugernanna, a somewhat-fictional portrayal of Truganini.</li>
<li>A steamer called "Truganini" sailed in the South Seas in 1886, visiting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li>A racehorse named "Truganini" ran in Britain in the early 20th century<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a></sup> and another named "Trucanini" started racing aged 2 in the 2012 season.</li>
<li>The cruelty against Truganini receives explicit mention in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yuval_Harari" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuval Harari">Yuval Harari</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sapiens:_A_Brief_History_of_Humankind" title="Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind">Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li>Truganani is the name of a song by Troy Kingi, from his 2019 album Holy Colony Burning Acres.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doctor_Wooreddy%27s_Prescription_for_Enduring_the_Ending_of_the_World" title="Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World">Doctor Wooreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Aboriginal Tasmanians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tunnerminnerwait" title="Tunnerminnerwait">Tunnerminnerwait</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Louisa Briggs was probably the daughter of Doog-by-er-um-boroke, a Woiorung woman kidnapped from Port Phillip by sealers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarwick2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarwick2005-9">[9]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Times-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Times_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Times</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
</span></li>
</ol></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Citations">Citations</span></h3>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyanSmith1976-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyanSmith1976_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyanSmith1976_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyanSmith1976">Ryan & Smith 1976</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlannery1994-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlannery1994_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlannery1994">Flannery 1994</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis, V. R. 1981. <i>Trucanini: Queen or Traitor</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies</a>. p.3</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Andersons of Western Port Horton & Morris</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Australasian_Chronicle18422-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Australasian_Chronicle18422_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Australasian_Chronicle1842">The Australasian Chronicle 1842</a>, p. 2.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGough2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGough2006_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGough2006">Gough 2006</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, issue 23848 dated Tuesday, 5 February 1861; p. 10; col A</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Register of Births, Deaths & Marriages</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarwick2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarwick2005_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarwick2005">Barwick 2005</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Museum-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Museum_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAustralian_Museum">Australian Museum</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKühnast2009-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKühnast2009_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKühnast2009">Kühnast 2009</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Last Wish: Truganini's ashes scattered in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel", <i>Aboriginal News</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, 1976</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDPAC_Tasmania2011-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDPAC_Tasmania2011_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDPAC_Tasmania2011">DPAC Tasmania 2011</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowleyThieberger2007-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowleyThieberger2007_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowleyThieberger2007">Crowley & Thieberger 2007</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFanny_Cochrane_Smith-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFanny_Cochrane_Smith_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFanny_Cochrane_Smith">Fanny Cochrane Smith</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkhamFinlayson2002-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkhamFinlayson2002_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkhamFinlayson2002">Barkham & Finlayson 2002</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen2010-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen2010_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansen2010">Hansen 2010</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEABC_News-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABC_News_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFABC_News">ABC News</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2009-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2009_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavies2009">Davies 2009</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENMoA1931-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENMoA1931_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNMoA1931">NMoA 1931</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times, Saturday, 24 April 1886; pg. 4; Issue 31742; col E</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times, Thursday, 22 October 1908; pg. 13; Issue 38784; col A</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047268">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em;">
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBarkhamFinlayson2002" class="citation news">Barkham, P. & Finlayson, A. (31 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,725125,00.html">"Museum returns sacred samples"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Museum+returns+sacred+samples&rft.date=2002-05-31&rft.aulast=Barkham&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Finlayson%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Finternational%2Fstory%2F0%2C3604%2C725125%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886058088">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFBarwick2005" class="citation encyclopaedia">Barwick, Laura (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/briggs-louisa-12816">"Briggs, Louisa (1836–1925)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: Australian National University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Briggs%2C+Louisa+%281836%E2%80%931925%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Barwick&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fbriggs-louisa-12816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFCrowleyThieberger2007" class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terry_Crowley_(linguist)" title="Terry Crowley (linguist)">Crowley, Terry</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Thieberger" title="Nicholas Thieberger">Thieberger, Nick</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mX8xvuCT1xgC&lpg=PP1&dq=Crowley%2C%20Field%20Linguistics&pg=PA2"><i>Field linguistics: a beginner's guide</i></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_University_Press,_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press, USA">Oxford University Press, USA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+linguistics%3A+a+beginner%27s+guide&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.au=Thieberger%2C+Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmX8xvuCT1xgC%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DCrowley%252C%2520Field%2520Linguistics%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFDavies2009" class="citation news">Davies, Caroline (16 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/16/tasmania-aborigines-ancestors-repatriation">"Aborigines demand that British Museum returns Truganini bust"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Aborigines+demand+that+British+Museum+returns+Truganini+bust&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fsep%2F16%2Ftasmania-aborigines-ancestors-repatriation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFFanny_Cochrane_Smith" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100719153158/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/fanny_cochrane_smith">"Fanny Cochrane Smith"</a>. <i>Index of Significant Tasmanian Women</i>. Department of Premier and Cabinet (Tasmania). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/fanny_cochrane_smith">the original</a> on 19 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2012</span>. <q>She is probably best known for her cylinder recordings of Aboriginal songs, recorded in 1899, which are the only audio recordings of an indigenous Tasmanian language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Index+of+Significant+Tasmanian+Women&rft.atitle=Fanny+Cochrane+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpac.tas.gov.au%2Fdivisions%2Fcdd%2Fwomen%2Fleadership%2Fsignificant_tasmanian_women%2Fsignificant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing%2Ffanny_cochrane_smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFFlannery1994" class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Flannery" title="Tim Flannery">Flannery, Tim F.</a> (1994). <i>The Future Eaters: An ecological history of the Australasian lands and people</i>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3943-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3943-4"><bdi>0-8021-3943-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+Eaters%3A+An+ecological+history+of+the+Australasian+lands+and+people&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8021-3943-4&rft.aulast=Flannery&rft.aufirst=Tim+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFGough2006" class="citation book">Gough, Julie (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/O/Oyster%20Cove.htm">"Oyster Cove"</a>. <i>The Companion to Tasmanian History</i>. Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Tasmania" title="University of Tasmania">University of Tasmania</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oyster+Cove&rft.btitle=The+Companion+to+Tasmanian+History&rft.pub=Centre+for+Tasmanian+Historical+Studies%2C+University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2FO%2FOyster%2520Cove.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFHansen2010" class="citation journal">Hansen, David (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061052/http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/Calibre/ABR_May_10_Hansen_Calibre_essay.pdf">"Seeing Truganini"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Australian Book Review</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/Calibre/ABR_May_10_Hansen_Calibre_essay.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Book+Review&rft.atitle=Seeing+Truganini&rft.date=2010-05&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.australianbookreview.com.au%2Ffiles%2FFeatures%2FCalibre%2FABR_May_10_Hansen_Calibre_essay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFKühnast2009" class="citation book">Kühnast, Antje (2009). "<span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>In the interest of science and the colony". Truganini und die Legende von den aussterbenden Rassen.". In Hund, Wulf D. (ed.). <i>Entfremdete Körper: Rassismus als Leichenschändung</i> [<i>Alienated Bodies: Racism and the desecration of corpses</i>]. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. pp. 205–250. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8376-1151-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8376-1151-9"><bdi>978-3-8376-1151-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22In+the+interest+of+science+and+the+colony%22.+Truganini+und+die+Legende+von+den+aussterbenden+Rassen.&rft.btitle=Entfremdete+K%C3%B6rper%3A+Rassismus+als+Leichensch%C3%A4ndung&rft.place=Bielefeld&rft.pages=205-250&rft.pub=transcript+Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-8376-1151-9&rft.aulast=K%C3%BChnast&rft.aufirst=Antje&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFNMoA1931" class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collectionsearch.nma.gov.au/object/62235">"Plaster bust of Truganini by Edmund Joel Dicks"</a>. National Museum of Australia. 1931<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Plaster+bust+of+Truganini+by+Edmund+Joel+Dicks&rft.date=1931&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollectionsearch.nma.gov.au%2Fobject%2F62235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFThe_Australasian_Chronicle1842" class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31735061">"Port Phillip"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Australasian_Chronicle" title="The Australasian Chronicle">The Australasian Chronicle</a></i>. Sydney, NSW. 15 February 1842. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australasian+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Port+Phillip&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1842-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article31735061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFABC_News" class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-08-24/racism-not-art-anger-at-truganini-bust-auction/1402242">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Racism not art': Anger at Truganini bust auction"</a>. ABC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Racism+not+art%27%3A+Anger+at+Truganini+bust+auction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2009-08-24%2Fracism-not-art-anger-at-truganini-bust-auction%2F1402242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFRyanSmith1976" class="citation encyclopaedia">Ryan, Lyndall; Smith, Neil (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/trugernanner-truganini-4752">"Trugernanner (Truganini) (1812–1876)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. <b>6</b>. Canberra: Australian National University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trugernanner+%28Truganini%29+%281812%E2%80%931876%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rft.au=Smith%2C+Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Ftrugernanner-truganini-4752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFDPAC_Tasmania2011" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028082340/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/truganini">"Truganini"</a>. <i>Index of Significant Tasmanian Women</i>. Tasmania's Department of Premier and Cabinet. October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/cdd/women/leadership/significant_tasmanian_women/significant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing/truganini">the original</a> on 28 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Index+of+Significant+Tasmanian+Women&rft.atitle=Truganini&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpac.tas.gov.au%2Fdivisions%2Fcdd%2Fwomen%2Fleadership%2Fsignificant_tasmanian_women%2Fsignificant_tasmanian_women_-_research_listing%2Ftruganini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Museum" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianmuseum.net.au/truganini-1812-1876">"Truganini (1812?-1876)"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Museum" title="Australian Museum">Australian Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Truganini+%281812%3F-1876%29&rft.pub=Australian+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faustralianmuseum.net.au%2Ftruganini-1812-1876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATruganini" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Truganini" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Truganini"><span style="">Truganini</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Tasmanians" class="extiw" title="s:The Last of the Tasmanians"><i>The Last of the Tasmanians</i> on Wikisource</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-750074">Truganini (1812–1876)</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NLA_Trove" class="mw-redirect" title="NLA Trove">NLA Trove</a>, People and Organisation</i> record for Truganini</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090921083956/http://images.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/Search/Search.asp?Letter=T&Subject=Truganini+%2D+1803%2D1876">Images of Truganini in State Library of Tasmania collection</a></li>
<li>Alexander, Alison <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Truganini.htm">Truganini</a> at <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Companion_to_Tasmanian_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion to Tasmanian History">Companion to Tasmanian History</a></i>, University of Tasmania</li>
<li>Russell, John <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161335/http://www.fotoworkz.com/Trucanini.htm">(Essay) The Representation of Trucanini</a> 1999. at fotoworkz freelance photographic</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050208104946/http://www.islandmag.com/96/article.html">(Article) Truganini's Funeral</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/hindsight/stories/2009/2477053.htm">(Radio Feature) Truganini – Bushranger</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianmuseum.net.au/Truganini-1812-1876">(Article) Truganini (1812?–1876) A life reflecting the tragic history of the first Tasmanians.</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aboriginal_anthropology_in_Tasmania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template talk:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aboriginal_anthropology_in_Tasmania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Aboriginal Tasmanians</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wauba_Debar" title="Wauba Debar">Wauba Debar</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Geale" title="Daniel Geale">Daniel Geale</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Lanne" title="William Lanne">William Lanne</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mannalargenna" title="Mannalargenna">Mannalargenna</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Mansell" title="Michael Mansell">Michael Mansell</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fanny_Cochrane_Smith" title="Fanny Cochrane Smith">Fanny Cochrane Smith</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Truganini</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tasmanian tribes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toogee" title="Toogee">Toogee</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aboriginal history</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cape_Grim_massacre" title="Cape Grim massacre">Cape Grim massacre</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmanian_languages" title="Tasmanian languages">Tasmanian languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Northern Tasmanian languages">Northern</a>–<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Tasmanian_languages" title="Western Tasmanian languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tommeginne_language" title="Tommeginne language">Tommeginne</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_Sorell_language" title="Port Sorell language">Port Sorell</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peerapper_language" title="Peerapper language">Peerapper</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toogee_language" title="Toogee language">Toogee</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Northeastern Tasmanian languages">Northeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pyemmairre_language" title="Pyemmairre language">Pyemmairre</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyerrernotepanner_language" title="Tyerrernotepanner language">Tyerrernotepanner</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norman_Tasmanian_language" title="Norman Tasmanian language">"Norman"</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lhotsky/Blackhouse_Tasmanian_language" title="Lhotsky/Blackhouse Tasmanian language">"Lhotsky/Blackhouse"</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Eastern Tasmanian languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_Swanport_language" title="Little Swanport language">Little Swanport</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paredarerme_language" title="Paredarerme language">Paredarerme</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuenonne_language" title="Nuenonne language">Nuenonne</a></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruny_Island_language" title="Bruny Island language">Bruny Island</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">Palawa kani</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_group_names" title="List of Indigenous Australian group names">List of Indigenous Australian group names</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-size:85%; font-weight: bold;">
<dl><dt><span class="nowrap">By state or territory</span></dt>
<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></span></dd>
<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></span></dd>
<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland">Queensland</a></span></dd>
<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians">South Australia</a></span></dd>
<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></span></dd>
<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Victorian_Aborigines" title="Template:Victorian Aborigines">Victoria</a></span></dd>
<dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Western_Australia" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></dd></dl>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_region_of_Tasmania,_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Southern_Tasmania" title="Template:Southern Tasmania"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_Tasmania" title="Template talk:Southern Tasmania"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Southern_Tasmania&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_region_of_Tasmania,_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Southern region of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, Australia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City<br />Other settlements</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Hobart_suburbs" title="List of Hobart suburbs">List of Hobart suburbs</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adventure_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Adventure Bay, Tasmania">Adventure Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alonnah,_Tasmania" title="Alonnah, Tasmania">Alonnah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barnes_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Barnes Bay, Tasmania">Barnes Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cockle_Creek_(Tasmania)" title="Cockle Creek (Tasmania)">Cockle Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cygnet,_Tasmania" title="Cygnet, Tasmania">Cygnet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dennes_Point,_Tasmania" title="Dennes Point, Tasmania">Dennes Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dover,_Tasmania" title="Dover, Tasmania">Dover</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electrona,_Tasmania" title="Electrona, Tasmania">Electrona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin,_Tasmania" title="Franklin, Tasmania">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geeveston" title="Geeveston">Geeveston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glen_Huon" title="Glen Huon">Glen Huon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grove,_Tasmania" title="Grove, Tasmania">Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howden,_Tasmania" title="Howden, Tasmania">Howden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huonville" title="Huonville">Huonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kellevie" title="Kellevie">Kellevie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kettering,_Tasmania" title="Kettering, Tasmania">Kettering</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lunawanna,_Tasmania" title="Lunawanna, Tasmania">Lunawanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magra,_Tasmania" title="Magra, Tasmania">Magra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margate,_Tasmania" title="Margate, Tasmania">Margate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mountain_River,_Tasmania" title="Mountain River, Tasmania">Mountain River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Norfolk,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="New Norfolk, Tasmania">New Norfolk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oyster_Cove,_Tasmania" title="Oyster Cove, Tasmania">Oyster Cove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ranelagh,_Tasmania" title="Ranelagh, Tasmania">Ranelagh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandfly,_Tasmania" title="Sandfly, Tasmania">Sandfly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snug,_Tasmania" title="Snug, Tasmania">Snug</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southport,_Tasmania" title="Southport, Tasmania">Southport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westerway,_Tasmania" title="Westerway, Tasmania">Westerway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woodbridge,_Tasmania" title="Woodbridge, Tasmania">Woodbridge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Division_of_Denison" title="Division of Denison">Denison (federal)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Division_of_Franklin" title="Division of Franklin">Franklin (federal)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Division_of_Clark_(state)" title="Division of Clark (state)">Clark (state)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Division_of_Franklin_(state)" title="Division of Franklin (state)">Franklin (state)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huon_Valley_Council" title="Huon Valley Council">Huon Valley Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingborough_Council" title="Kingborough Council">Kingborough Council</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_division_of_Buckingham" title="Electoral division of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_division_of_Elwick" title="Electoral division of Elwick">Elwick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_division_of_Huon" title="Electoral division of Huon">Huon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_division_of_Nelson_(Tasmania)" title="Electoral division of Nelson (Tasmania)">Nelson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_division_of_Pembroke" title="Electoral division of Pembroke">Pembroke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_division_of_Rumney" title="Electoral division of Rumney">Rumney</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartz_Mountains_(Tasmania)" title="Hartz Mountains (Tasmania)">Hartz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wellington_Range" title="Wellington Range">Wellington</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Wellington_(Tasmania)" title="Mount Wellington (Tasmania)">Wellington</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected areas,<br />parks and reserves</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Risdon_State_Reserve" title="East Risdon State Reserve">East Risdon State Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartz_Mountains_National_Park" title="Hartz Mountains National Park">Hartz Mountains National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hastings_Caves_State_Reserve" title="Hastings Caves State Reserve">Hastings Caves State Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_Cygnet_Conservation_Area" title="Port Cygnet Conservation Area">Port Cygnet Conservation Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bruny_National_Park" title="South Bruny National Park">South Bruny National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South-east_Tasmania_Important_Bird_Area" title="South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area">South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmanian_Wilderness_World_Heritage_Area" title="Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area">Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arve_River_(Tasmania)" title="Arve River (Tasmania)">Arve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/River_Derwent_(Tasmania)" title="River Derwent (Tasmania)">Derwent</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garden_Island_Creek" title="Garden Island Creek">Garden Island Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huon_River" title="Huon River">Huon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Styx_River_(Tasmania)" title="Styx River (Tasmania)">Styx</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Harbours, bays,<br />inlets and estuaries</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adventure_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Adventure Bay, Tasmania">Adventure Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barnes_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Barnes Bay, Tasmania">Barnes Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cloudy_Bay_(Tasmania)" title="Cloudy Bay (Tasmania)">Cloudy Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%27Entrecasteaux_Channel" title="D'Entrecasteaux Channel">D'Entrecasteaux Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recherche_Bay" title="Recherche Bay">Recherche Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Storm_Bay" title="Storm Bay">Storm Bay</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coastal features</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Coast_Tasmania" title="South Coast Tasmania">South Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_East_Cape" title="South East Cape">South East Cape</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruny_Island_Ferry" title="Bruny Island Ferry">Bruny Island Ferry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Channel_Highway" title="Channel Highway">Channel Highway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ida_Bay_Railway" title="Ida Bay Railway">Ida Bay Railway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandfly_Colliery_Tramway" title="Sandfly Colliery Tramway">Sandfly Colliery Tramway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Line,_Tasmania" title="South Line, Tasmania">South Line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westerway_railway_station" title="Westerway railway station">Westerway railway station</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coal_River_Valley" title="Coal River Valley">Coal River Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huon_Valley" title="Huon Valley">Huon Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Styx_Valley" title="Styx Valley">Styx Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Florentine_Valley" title="Upper Florentine Valley">Upper Florentine Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weld_Valley" title="Weld Valley">Weld Valley</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Man-made</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buckland_Military_Training_Area" title="Buckland Military Training Area">Buckland Military Training Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cape_Bruny_Lighthouse" title="Cape Bruny Lighthouse">Cape Bruny Lighthouse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Coast_Track" title="South Coast Track">South Coast Track</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tahune_AirWalk" title="Tahune AirWalk">Tahune AirWalk</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boomer_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Boomer Island (Tasmania)">Boomer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruny_Island" title="Bruny Island">Bruny</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ile_des_Phoques" title="Ile des Phoques">des Phoques</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eddystone_(Tasmania)" title="Eddystone (Tasmania)">Eddystone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egg_Islands" title="Egg Islands">Egg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Friars_(Tasmania)" title="The Friars (Tasmania)">Friars</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garden_Island_(Huon_River)" title="Garden Island (Huon River)">Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Green Island (Tasmania)">Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hope_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Hope Island (Tasmania)">Hope</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Images_(Tasmania)" title="The Images (Tasmania)">Images</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Nuggets" title="The Nuggets">Nuggets</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Partridge_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Partridge Island (Tasmania)">Partridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedra_Branca_(Tasmania)" title="Pedra Branca (Tasmania)">Pedra Branca</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Picnic_Island" title="Picnic Island">Picnic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satellite_Island_(Tasmania)" title="Satellite Island (Tasmania)">Satellite</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmania%27s_offshore_islands" title="Tasmania's offshore islands">Tasmania's offshore islands</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Mercury_(Hobart)" title="The Mercury (Hobart)">The Mercury</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora, fauna, and fishlife</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centurion_(tree)" title="Centurion (tree)">Centurion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Triarius_(tree)" title="Triarius (tree)">Triarius</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bioregions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmanian_South_East" title="Tasmanian South East">South East (bioregion)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmanian_Southern_Ranges" title="Tasmanian Southern Ranges">Southern Ranges (bioregion)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous heritage</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruny_Island_language" title="Bruny Island language">Bruny Island language</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Truganini</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cygnet_Folk_Festival" title="Cygnet Folk Festival">Cygnet Folk Festival</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Southern_Tasmania" title="Category:Southern Tasmania">Category</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242064&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242064&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242064" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">ADB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/trugernanner-truganini-4752">trugernanner-truganini-4752</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Australian_Women%27s_Register" title="Australian Women's Register">AWR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1098b.htm">AWE1098b</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000419806813">0000 0004 1980 6813</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81125783">n81125783</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070145954">070145954</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/288748134">288748134</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/288748134">288748134</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1574234196 |
