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' {{refimprove|date=July 2019}} {{Original research|date=July 2019}} {{short description|Agricultural Caste in Tamil Nadu, India}} '''Devendrakula Velalar''' also known as Kudumbar, Vaikkaran, Kaladi, Pannadi, Pandyan, Pannikan, Palakan, Mooppan<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ|title= Societas to Civitas|last=Venkatasubramanian|first=T.K|date=1993|publisher=Kalinga Publications Press|isbn=9788185163420|location=|pages=74|language=en}}</ref>is a Tamil speaking community prevalent in southern India.The community is mostly distributed in the [[Tirunelveli]], [[Tuticorin]], [[Tiruchendur]], [[Thiruparankundram]], [[Virudhunagar]], [[Madurai]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Ramanathapuram]], [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Pudukkottai]], [[Nagapattinam]], [[Tiruvarur]], [[Coimbatore]],and [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] districts of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ|title= Societas to Civitas|last=Venkatasubramanian|first=T.K|date=1993|publisher=Kalinga Publications Press|isbn=9788185163420|location=|pages=74|language=en}}</ref> {{infobox caste | caste_name = Devendrakula Velalar | image = | caption = | classification = Farmers, cultivators | religions = [[Hinduism]] | country = [[India]] | state = [[Tamil Nadu]] | languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] | region = [[Pandya Nadu]], [[Chola Nadu]], [[Kongu Nadu]] | related = }} The following is a list of seven subcastes of the Devendrakula Velalar: *[[Devendra Kulathan]] *[[Kudumbar]] *[[Kadaiyar]] *[[Kalladi (caste)|Kalladi]] *[[Pallar]] *[[Pannadi]] *[[Vathiriyar]] ==History== They worshipped Indran or Teventiran, and were called Devendrakula Velalars. As heads of village councils or Kudumbus, they were also known as '''Teventira Kudumban'''. They were the first to till the land and build the cities of ancient Tamil civilisations. They enjoyed all the rights and honours of royalty.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvYNAQAAMAAJ&dq|title=The untouchables of India |last=Deliege|first=Robert|publisher=|year=1999|isbn=9781859732144|location=|pages=81|language=en}}</ref> ==Divisions== {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" | '''Division''' | '''Population'''(c.1891) |- |Aiya |12991 |- |Amma |105607 |- |[[Agna divisions]] |100696 |- |Aththa |32391 |- |[[Kadaiyar]] |18830 |- |Konga | |- |Mangala-Nattan |15544 |- |Sozhia |41015 |- |Thondaiman |49231 |- |Devendrar |75780 |- |[[Pallar]] |213222 |- |[[Mooppan]] |129635 |}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8dp_b7GBrEC&pg|title=Political Change and Agrarian Tradition in South India, C. 1600-1801: A Case ... |last=Venkatasubramanian|first=T.K|publisher=Mittal Publications Press|year=1986|isbn=978052154885|location=|pages=52|language=en}}</ref> *'''Amma''' is further sub-divided into Kodai Valanattar, Seevantha Valanattar and Paruthikottai Valanattar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQtuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ..., Issue 3 |last=Conference|first=South Indian History Congress |publisher=The Congress Press|year=1982|isbn=978052154885|location=|pages=172|language=en}}</ref> *'''Agna''' is further divided into Sikka Valanattar and Seluva Valanattar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQtuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ..., Issue 3 |last=Conference|first=South Indian History Congress |publisher=The Congress Press|year=1982|issn=22293671|location=|pages=172|language=en}}</ref> *'''Aththa''' is further divided into Veera Nattar because they used to call their mothers as ''Aththa'' as distinguished from ''Amma'' used by other sections.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=reccAQAAMAAJ&q|title=Census of India, 1961, Volume 9, Issue 6, Part 21 |last=Office of the Registrar General|first=India|publisher=Manager of Publication |year=1965|issn=|location=|pages=8|language=en}}</ref> ==Organisation== They have their own caste headman and panchayat to settle disputes among them. In fact, they are a well organised community with the hereditary headman. ===Kongu Nadu=== *At Coimbatore, the headman is called Pattakaran, he is assisted by various subordinate officers and caste messenger called Odumpillai. *At Salem, the headman called Palakan, a chief guru called Camiar or Karumapuram, a priest called Valluvan and messenger called Odumpillai. ===Chola Nadu=== *At Trichy, they generally have 3 or more headman for each village, over whom is the Nattu Muppan. Each village also has a peon calledOdumpillai. The village councils are attended by the Muppan and the Nattu Muppan. *At Karur, between the Nattu Muppan and the ordinary Muppans, there is Puli Muppan. ===Pandya Nadu=== *At Madurai district the headman is called Kudumban whose assistant is called Kalati and messenger Variyan. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnB3k8fx5oEC&pg|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 1 |last=K.Rangachari|first=Edgar thurston|publisher=Asian educational services |year=2001|isbn=9788120602885|location=|pages=478|language=en}}</ref> ==Chola Hegemony== They had Land ownership and were part of military services.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/117432/13/13_chapter%205.pdf |title=Caste based social system |last=|first=|date=|publisher= publisher|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=244|language=en}}</ref> ==Pallava Hegemony== *They served in Kudumbus, a type of administration committee in the agricultural village of the local self government of Pallavas. Their service in the Kudumbus must have brought a new title Kudumban. *K.R Hanumanthan is also of the view they were an ancient community of Tamil Nadu who worked under the Pallavas as Political Chieftain with the title Kurumbar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvQtAAAAMAAJ&q |title=Untouchability: A Historical Study Upto 1500 A.D. : with Special Reference to Tamil Nadu |last=Hanumanthan|first=K.R|publisher=Koodal publisher|year=1979|isbn=|location=|pages=101–103|language=en}}</ref> ==Devendrakula Velalar Nattars== *Kodai Valanattar *Seevantha Valanattar *Paruthikottai Valanattar *Sikka Valanattar *Seluva Valanattar *Veera Nattar *Samudra Nattar '''Veera Nattar''' brought seedlings '''Samudra Nattar''' looked after irrigation As irrigation is vital to the latter must have held a key position. Their occupation being seasonal the should have enjoyed greater mobility and must have also served in the army of the polegars.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQtuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ..., Issue 3 |last=Conference|first=South Indian History Congress |publisher=The Congress Press|year=1982|isbn=978052154885|location=|pages=172|language=en}}</ref> ==Freedom Fighters== *[[Veeran Sundaralingam]], was an 18th-century CE general from [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. ==Marriage== It is highly probable that they adopted a part of their marriage rites, especially those resembling the kasiyatra, from the Brahmans. ==Surname== Pandya region *Kudumbar in [[Thirunelvelli]] *Pandian in [[Sengottai]] *Nattar Chola region *Mooppan *Panikkan *Kaladi *Kadaiganar *Vaykkaran The titles are also same as their division. Kongu region *Kongu *Pandya *Chola *Kadaignan The titles assumed by them are Kudumban, Pannadi, Pattakaran, Mannadi, Pallar and Mooppan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQtuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ..., Issue 3|last=Hanumanthan|first=K.R|date=1982|publisher=The congress Press|isbn=|location=|pages=171|language=en}}</ref> ==Common Names== Mallan, Kulantan and Murukan are common names among the men, while Valli, Tevanai and Kulantai(Kulumai) are applied to the women. ==Inscription== Two inscriptions assigned to the seventeenth century one from Karivalamvanthanallur (Sankaranainarkoil Taluk, Tinnevelly District), and another from Srivilliputhur (formerly with Tinnevelly District and later with Ramanathapuram District) referred to them as '''Devendrakudumban'''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8dp_b7GBrEC&pg|title=Political Change and Agrarian Tradition in South India, C. 1600-1801: A Case ... |last=Venkatasubramanian|first=T.K|publisher=Mittal Publications Press|year=1986|isbn=978052154885|location=|pages=52|language=en}}</ref> ==Folk-Song== A folk-song popular in the District says that Veera Nattan brought seedlings, and Samudra Nattan looked after irrigation.As irrigation is vital to the latter must have held a key position.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8dp_b7GBrEC&pg|title=Political Change and Agrarian Tradition in South India, C. 1600-1801: A Case ... |last=Venkatasubramanian|first=T.K|publisher=Mittal Publications Press|year=1986|isbn=978052154885|location=|pages=52|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Indian castes]] [[Category:Tamil society]] [[Category:Hindu communities]] [[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]'