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'{{refimprove|date=March 2012}} {{for|the Led Zeppelin album sometimes called "Four Symbols"|Led Zeppelin IV}} The '''Four Symbols''' ({{zh|c=四象|p=Sì Xiàng}}, literally meaning "four images"), are four [[Chinese mythology|mythological]] creatures appearing among the [[Chinese constellations]] along the [[ecliptic]], and viewed as the guardians of the four cardinal directions. These four creatures are also referred to by a variety of other names, including "'''Four Guardians'''", "'''Four Gods'''", and "'''Four Auspicious Beasts'''". They are the [[Azure Dragon]] of the East, the [[Vermilion Bird]] of the South, the [[White Tiger (mythology)|White Tiger]] of the West, and the [[Black Tortoise]] (also called "Black Warrior") of the North. Each of the creatures is most closely associated with a cardinal direction and a color, but also additionally represents other aspects, including a season of the year, a virtue, and one of the Chinese [[Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)|"five elements"]] (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water). Each has been given its own individual traits and origin story. Symbolically, and as part of spiritual and religious belief, these creatures have been culturally important across countries in the [[East Asian cultural sphere]]. ==History== Depictions of mythological creatures clearly ancestral to the modern set of four creatures have been found throughout China. Currently, the oldest known depiction was found in 1987 in a tomb in [[Xishuipo]] (西水坡) in [[Puyang]], [[Henan]], which has been dated to approximately 5300 BC. In the tomb, labeled M45, immediately adjacent to the remains of the main occupant to the east and west were found mosaics made of clam shells and bones forming images closely resembling the Azure Dragon and White Tiger, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=西水坡遺址里的圖案擺放，預示著古代某種神秘的星象 |url=https://kknews.cc/history/op8934p.html|website=KK News|date=2018-04-30|accessdate=2019-09-18|language=zh-tw}}</ref> The modern standard configuration was settled much later, with variations appearing throughout Chinese history. For example, the ''[[Rongcheng Shi]]'' manuscript recovered in 1994, which dates to the [[Warring States Period]] (ca. 453–221 BCE), gives five directions rather than four and places the animals differently. According to that document, [[Yu the Great]] gave directional banners to his people, marked with the following insignia: the north with a [[bird]], the south with a [[snake]], the east with the sun, the west with the moon, and the center with a [[bear]].<ref>Pines, Yuri. "[http://www.eacenter.huji.ac.il/uploaded/fck/Rong%20Cheng%20shi%20BSOAS.pdf Political Mythology and Dynastic Legitimacy in the ''Rong Cheng Shi'' Manuscript] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425122636/http://www.eacenter.huji.ac.il/uploaded/fck/Rong%20Cheng%20shi%20BSOAS.pdf|date=2012-04-25}}". ''Bulletin of SOAS'', Vol. '''73''', No. 3 (2010), p. 515.</ref> In [[Taoism]], the Four Symbols have been assigned human identities and names. The [[Azure Dragon]] is named Meng Zhang ({{lang|zh|孟章}}), the [[Vermilion Bird]] is called Ling Guang ({{lang|zh|陵光}}), the [[White Tiger (China)|White Tiger]] Jian Bing ({{lang|zh|監兵}}), and the [[Black Tortoise]] Zhi Ming ({{lang|zh|執明}}). The colours associated with the four creatures can be said to match the colours of soil in the corresponding areas of China: the bluish-grey water-logged soils of the east, the reddish iron-rich soils of the south, the whitish saline soils of the western deserts, the black organic-rich soils of the north, and the yellow soils from the central loess plateau.<ref>N, Brady and R, Weil. [Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soil]. (2014). p. 89. Accessed 27 January 2015.</ref> ==Correspondence with the Five Principles== [[File:Cernuschi Museum 20060812 042.jpg|thumb|A Han-dynasty pottery tile emblematically representing the five cardinal directions]] These mythological creatures have also been syncretized into the [[Wu Xing|five principles system]]. The Azure Dragon of the East represents Wood, the Vermilion Bird of the South represents Fire, the White Tiger of the West represents Metal, and the Black Tortoise (or Dark Warrior) of the North represents Water. In this system, the fifth principle Earth is represented by the [[Yellow Dragon|Yellow Dragon of the Center]].<ref>''A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations: Third Edition'', Schirokauer, Brown, Lurie, Gay. (2006) {{ISBN|0-534-64307-8}}.</ref> ==Correspondence with the four seasons== The four beasts each represent a season. The Azure Dragon of the East represents spring, the Vermilion Bird of the South represents summer, the White Tiger of the West represents autumn, and the Black Tortoise of the North represents winter.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html |title= The Hidden or Implied Meaning of Chinese Charm Symbols - 諧音寓意 - Differences between Chinese Coins and Chinese Charms.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=22 May 2018|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> ==In fiction== *In ''[[Nexus: The Kingdom of the Winds]]'', the player can choose a totem animal. It's a supernatural creatures who are patrons of the primary paths.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.winterhome.net/personal/nexus/scrolls/dictionary.html|title=Nexus Dictionary|access-date=2019-11-03}}</ref> *In ''[[Dungeon Fighter Online]]'', the Exorcist subclass of the Male Priest has skills featuring the Four Symbols and the [[Yellow Dragon]]. *In the first series of anime Beyblade each of the four protagonists wields a version of the four symbols as a spiritual guardian inhabiting their spinning tops known as Beyblades, each of the spirits is usually referred to in the original version by the Japanese name of the beast they represent Seiryu(Dragon),Suzaku(Phoenix),Byakko(White Tiger) and Genbu(Black Tortoise), while in the English dub the spirits and Beyblades share the same names which are Dragoon,Dranzer,Driger and Draciel respectively. *In ''[[World of Warcraft]]'', the Expansion Mists of Pandaria released in 2012, brought with it four "August Celestials" a.k.a Wild Gods (primal manifestation of nature): Chi-ji the Red Crane, Niuzao the Black Ox, Yu'lon the Jade Serpent and Xuen the White Tiger. *In Highschool DxD light novel series and its prequel spin off light novel series Fallen Dog God Slash Dog, the Azure Dragon, Vermilion Bird, White Tiger, Black Tortoise and Yellow Dragon are the divine beasts under the guardianship of five Shinto Clans, they chose their own spiritual host who also inherited their name, one of them Suzaku Himejima who is the host of the Vermilion Bird is the lover and fiance of the Slash Dog protagonist Tobio Ikuse. ==See also== *[[Chinese astrology]] *[[Chinese constellations]] *[[Four Holy Beasts]], the Vietnamese version *[[Four temperaments]] *[[Purple Forbidden enclosure]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060316014110/http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/constellation28.html 28 Chinese Constellations] {{Chinese mythology}} {{Chinese constellations}} [[Category:Chinese astrological signs]] [[Category:Chinese constellations]] [[Category:Chinese legendary creatures]] [[Category:Chinese mythology]] [[Category:Cultural lists|4 Four Symbols]] [[Category:Four Symbols| ]]'