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'{{Infobox zoo |zoo_name ={{nowrap|San Francisco Zoo}} |logo = Sfzoologo.png |logo_width = 160px |logo_caption = |image = Primate Discovery Center at SF Zoo 2nd level 2.JPG |image_width = |image_caption = Primate Discovery Center<ref name=facts/> |coordinates = {{Coord|37|43|59|N|122|30|11|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |num_animals = 1000+ (2015)<ref name=facts/> |num_species = 250+ (2015)<ref name=facts/> |members = [[Association of Zoos and Aquariums|AZA]]<ref name="aza_list"/> |exhibits = African Savanna, Gorilla Preserve, Grizzly Gulch, Primate Discovery Center (Lemur Forest), Cat Kingdom, Penguin Island, Red Panda Treehouse, Insect Zoo |publictransit = {{rint|sanfrancisco|metro}} [[46th Avenue and Wawona|46th Ave. and Wawona]] {{rint|sanfrancisco|L}} |website = {{URL|http://www.sfzoo.org}} }} The '''San Francisco Zoo''' is a {{Convert|100|acre|adj=on}} [[zoo]] located in the southwestern corner of [[San Francisco]], [[California]], between [[Lake Merced]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]] along the [[Great Highway]]. As of 2016, the zoo housed more than one thousand individual animals, representing more than 250 species. It is noted as the birthplace of [[Koko (gorilla)|Koko the gorilla]], and, since 1974, the home of Elly, the oldest black rhinoceros in North America.<ref>[http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/oldest-black-rhinoceros-in-north-america-turns-45-1.2720839 "Oldest black rhinoceros in North America turns 45", by Janie Har, Associated Press]</ref> The zoo's main entrance (once located on the north side across Sloat Boulevard and one block south of the [[Muni Metro]] [[L Taraval|L Taraval line]]) is to the west, on the ocean side. ==History== Originally named the '''Fleishhacker Zoo'''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.smdailyjournal.com/articles/lnews/2013-12-23/fleishhacker-zoo/1776425115346.html |archive-url = https://archive.is/20140916030913/http://www.smdailyjournal.com/articles/lnews/2013-12-23/fleishhacker-zoo/1776425115346.html |url-status = dead |archive-date = September 16, 2014 |publisher = San Mateo Daily Journal |author = Darold Fredricks |title = Fleishhacker Zoo |date = December 23, 2013 }}</ref> after its founder, banker and San Francisco Parks Commission president [[Herbert Fleishhacker]], planning for construction began in 1929 on the site adjacent to what was once the largest [[swimming pool]] in the [[United States]], the [[Fleishhacker Pool]].<ref name=facts>{{cite web|author=Press Room |title=Zoo Fact Sheet |url=http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/ViewOrgPageLink.asp?LinkKey=14092&orgkey=1903 |work=San Francisco Zoological Society |year=2011 |accessdate=2012-11-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928182414/http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/ViewOrgPageLink.asp?LinkKey=14092&orgkey=1903 |archivedate=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> The area was also already home to a children’s playground, an original (circa 1921) [[Michael Dentzel]]/[[Marcus Illions]] [[carousel]], and the Mother’s Building, a haven for women and their children. Most of the exhibits were populated with animals transferred from [[Golden Gate Park]], including two [[zebra]]s, a [[cape buffalo]], five [[rhesus monkey]]s, two [[spider monkey]]s, and three [[elephant]]s (Virginia, Marjorie, and Babe). The first exhibits built in the 1930s cost $3.5 million, which included [[Monkey]] Island, [[Lion]] House, Elephant House, a small [[mammal]] grotto, an [[aviary]], and [[bear]] [[grottos]]. These spacious, [[moat]]ed enclosures were among the first bar-less exhibits in the country. In 1955, a local San Francisco newspaper purchased Pennie, a baby female [[Asian elephant]], and donated her to the zoo after many children donated their pennies, nickels, and dimes for her purchase. Over the next forty years, the Zoological Society became a powerful fundraising source for the San Francisco Zoo, just as Fleishhacker had hoped when he envisioned: "…a Zoological Society similar to those established in other large cities. The Zoological Society will aid the Parks Commission in the acquisition of rare animals and in the operation of the zoo." {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} True to its charter, the Society immediately exerted its influence on the zoo, obtaining more than 1,300 annual memberships in its first ten years (nearly 25,000 today). It also funded projects like the renovation of the Children’s Zoo in 1964, development of the African Scene in 1967, the purchase of medical equipment for the new zoo Hospital in 1975, and the establishment of the Avian Conservation Center in 1978. In November 2004, Tinkerbelle, San Francisco Zoo's last Asian elephant, was moved to ARK 2000, a sanctuary run by PAWS-[[Performing Animal Welfare Society]] located in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] foothills. She was later joined in March 2005 by the African elephant Lulu, the last elephant on display at the zoo. The moves followed the highly publicized deaths of thirty-eight-year-old Calle in March 2004, and forty-three-year-old Maybelle the following month.<ref>{{cite news |url =http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/06/03/BAG8L6VUAH1.DTL&hw=Zoo+elephant&sn=009&sc=596 | title=Zoo to Send 2 Elephants to Sanctuaries; Director defies Recommendation to Ship Pachyderms to Other Zoos | author=Patricia Yollin | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=2005-03-04 | accessdate=2006-12-27}}</ref> In early 2006, the SF Zoo announced its offer to name a soon-to-hatch [[Bald eagle|American bald eagle]] after comedian [[Stephen Colbert]].<ref>{{cite news| author=Leah Garchik | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/03/31/DDGU9GJ5T21.DTL|title=Leah Garchik | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=2006-03-31 | accessdate=2006-12-27}}</ref> The publicity and goodwill garnered from coverage of the event on the [[Colbert Report]] was a windfall for the zoo and the city of San Francisco.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} Stephen Jr. was born on April 17, 2006. ===Exhibit renovations=== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} * Otter River (1994) featuring [[North American river otter]]s * Feline Conservation Center (1994) housing three species of small cats, including the [[snow leopard]], [[ocelot]], and [[Malaysia|Malayan]] [[fishing cat]]s * [[Spectacled bear]] exhibit renovation (1994) * Lion House outdoor enclosures (1994) * Eagle Island renovation (1995) providing a home for Sureshot, an injured (and non-releasable) [[bald eagle]] * Australian WalkAbout (1995) new space for [[red kangaroos]] and [[emu]]s * [[Flamingo]] Lake renovation (1995) * Monkey Island demolition (1995) * [[Hippopotamus]] exhibit renovation (1995) * [[Warthog]] exhibit (1996) * [[Billabong]] (1996) * Aviary renovation (1996) * [[Ring-tailed lemur]] exhibit renovation (1996) * Children’s Zoo entrance (1996) * [[Kodiak bear]] exhibit (1996) * Avian Conservation Center (1997) * [[African lion]] cub exhibit (1997) * [[Aye-aye]] Forest (1997) * Asian elephant exhibit renovations (1997 and 1999) * Rainbow Landing (now [[Lories and lorikeets|Lorikeet]] Landing) (1998) * Outdoor aviary demolition (1998) * Restoration of Little Puffer (miniature railroad) (1998) * Primate Discovery Center terrace exhibit renovation (1998) * Children’s Zoo renovation (1999) * Puente al Sur (1999) now houses [[giant anteater]]s, [[mountain tapir]]s, and [[capybara]] {{Col-break}} * Infrastructure replacement (1999) * Aviary renovation (2000) depicts a South American tropical forest, complete with birds, [[caiman]], and an [[anaconda]] * Seal pool/bear exhibits (2000) * Connie and [[Bob Lurie]] Education Center (2001) * Koret Animal Resource Center (2001) * Expanded Children’s Zoo and Family Farm (2001) * Wetlands habitat (2001) * [[Cassowary]] Exhibit (2001) features [[double-wattled cassowary|double-wattled cassowaries]], one of the world's largest bird species * Lipman Family [[Lemur]] Forest (2002) houses five species of [[Madagascar|Madagascan]] primates in an outdoor forest * Friend and Taube Entry Village (2002) * Leaping Lemur Café (2002) * Split Mound artwork by McCarren/Fine (2002) * Bronze lion sculptures by [[Gwynn Murrill]] (2002) * Zoo Street and parking (2002) * Dentzel Carousel (2002) * [[Africa]]n Savanna (2004) features [[giraffe]], zebra, [[kudu]], [[ostrich]] and other African wildlife roaming together in a lush, 3 acre (1 ha) habitat. * African Savanna Giraffe Feedings (2006) * [[Black swan]] exhibit (2006) * Binnowee Landing and Feeding (formerly Lorikeet Landing) (2006) * [[Kunekune]] pig exhibit at the Family Farm (formerly the miniature pig exhibit) (2006) * Hearst Grizzly Gulch exhibit (opened June 14, 2007) * Big Cat Exhibit Renovations (January 2008) * Hippopotamus and [[Rhinoceros]] exhibits (the 2 hippos, Puddles and Cuddles, died while renovation) (2007–2009) * Little Puffer restoration (2009) * South American Tropical Rainforest Aviary [[asbestos]] removal (2009–2010) * Fishing cat exhibit (2010) {{col-end}} == Animals and exhibits == [[Peafowl]] roam the zoo grounds freely and are acknowledged officially on the zoo's website. === African Region === ==== African Savannah ==== *[[Grey crowned crane]] *[[Grant's zebra]] (Plains Zebra) *[[Greater kudu]] *[[Marabou stork]] *[[Ostrich]] *[[Somali giraffe|Reticulated giraffe]] *[[Scimitar oryx]] *[[Western lowland gorilla]] *[[Yellow-backed Duiker]] ==== African Aviary ==== [[File:Female gorilla with 8 months old baby boy gorilla in SF zoo.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Female [[gorilla]] with eight-month-old baby boy Hasani]] *[[Hadada ibis]] *[[Hamerkop]] *[[Northern bald ibis]] === Primate Discovery Center === *[[Howler monkey|Black howler monkey]] *[[Common chimpanzee|Chimpanzee]] *[[Emperor tamarin]] *[[Francois' langur]] *[[Lion-tailed macaque]] *[[Mandrill]] *[[Patas monkey]] *[[Pied tamarin]] *[[Siamang]] *[[Black-and-white ruffed lemur]] *[[Black lemur]] *[[Red ruffed lemur]] *[[Ring-tailed lemur]] '''Cat Kingdom''' *[[Indian rhinoceros]] *[[Eastern black rhinoceros]] *[[Hippopotamus]] *[[Magellanic penguin]] *[[Lion|African lion]] *[[Fishing cat]] *[[Snow leopard]] *[[Sumatran tiger]] *[[Amur tiger]] *[[Bongo (antelope)|Bongo]] *[[Anaconda]] '''South America''' *[[Black-necked swan]] *[[Black swan]] *[[Capybara]] *[[Giant anteater]] *[[Maguari stork]] *[[White-faced whistling duck]] *South American tropical tortoise *[[Blue poison dart frog]] *[[Golfodulcean poison frog]] *[[Eunectes murinus|Green anaconda]] *[[Phyllomedusa sauvagii|Waxy monkey tree frog]] ''Pelican Beach'' *[[American white pelican]] '''Bear Country''' *[[Polar bear]]. The only Polar bear at the zoo, "Uulu", died April 14, 2017, age 36, the oldest Polar bear in captivity in the US. She had been rescued in [[Manitoba, Canada]] at age 3, and had lived the rest of her life at the zoo. She was one of the principal attractions of the zoo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/uulu-san-francisco-zoos-beloved-polar-bear-dead-at-36/|title=San Francisco Zoo's beloved polar bear dead at 36|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> *[[Grizzly bear]] *[[Chacoan peccary]] *[[Sea lion]] '''Children's Zoo''' *[[Meerkat]] *[[Great horned owl]] *[[Sheep]] *[[Goat]] *[[Donkey]] *[[Polish chicken]] *[[Pot-bellied pig]] *[[Jacob sheep]] *[[Coati]] ==Safety incidents and animal deaths== March, 2015: Treatment of chimps endangers SF Zoo's accreditation: http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/S-F-Zoo-s-remaining-chimps-endanger-6120334.php November, 2014: Baby Kabibe, Western Lowland Gorilla crushed to death by automatic door, SF Zoo ignored safety: (https://web.archive.org/web/20141201183902/http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/11/12/investigator-of-baby-gorilla-death-says-time-to-dramatically-upgrade-sf-zoo) 2004: Elephant deaths and antiquated habitat (http://articles.latimes.com/2004/dec/12/local/me-elephants12) ===2007 tiger attacks=== {{Main|San Francisco Zoo tiger attacks}} [[Image:Image-Siberian Tiger sf.jpg|thumb|right|Tatiana, a [[Siberian tiger]] that escaped her cage and attacked three people, killing one.]] On December 22, 2006, [[Tatiana (tiger)|Tatiana]], the 242-pound [[Siberian tiger]], attacked [[zookeeper]] Lori Komejan, causing the keeper to be hospitalized for several weeks with lacerated limbs and shock. The Lion House was closed for ten months as a result. California's Division of Occupation Safety and Health found the zoo liable for the keeper's injuries, fined the zoo, and ordered safety improvements.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/12/26/america/26tiger.php | title=Tiger kills 1 after escaping at San Francisco Zoo | work=The International Herald Tribune | date=2007-12-26 | accessdate=2007-12-26 | author=Carolyn Marshall}}</ref><ref>{{dead link|date=May 2019}}{{cite news | author=Michael Taylor; Patricia Yollin | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/12/23/TIGER.TMP | title=Zoo keeper hurt in tiger attack | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=2006-12-23 | accessdate=2007-12-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Patricia Yollin| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/09/07/BAMMS0JIB.DTL&hw=komejan&sn=002&sc=782 | title=Zoo reopens Lion House for public feedings 10 months after mauling | work=San Francisco Chronicle | date=2007-09-07 | accessdate=2007-12-25}}</ref> On December 25, 2007, the same tiger escaped from her [[grotto]] and attacked three zoo visitors after being taunted and pummeled by sticks and pine cones by the visitors. Carlos Sousa, 17, of [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], California, was killed at the scene, while another taunter was mauled and survived. The tiger was shot and killed by police while hiding in the landscape after the attack. Three other tigers who shared Tatiana's grotto did not escape.<ref>{{cite news | author=Ron Ruegg | url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/12/25/tiger.attack/index.html? | title=Escaped tiger shot after killing zoo visitor, injuring 2 others | work=CNN | date=2007-12-25 | accessdate=2007-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Glenn Chapman | url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20071226/ts_afp/usanimals_071226111802 | title=Escaped tiger kills one, injures two at San Francisco zoo | work=Agence France Presse | date=2007-12-26 | accessdate=2007-12-26}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Tatiana arrived at the San Francisco Zoo from the Denver Zoo in 2005, in hopes that she would mate.<ref>{{cite news | author=Jordan Robertson; Marcus Wohlsen | title=Teen Died Trying to Save Man From Tiger | url=http://news.aol.com/story/_a/zoo-closed-as-deadly-mauling-probed/20071225220209990001 | work=Associated Press | date=2007-12-28 | accessdate=2008-07-23}}</ref> (This "Tatiana" is not the same as the one successfully breeding in the [[Toronto Zoo]].) According to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, the attack is the first visitor fatality due to animal escape at a member zoo in the history of the organization.<ref>{{cite news | author=Staff writers | url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/12/26/tiger.attack/index.html | title=California teen named as victim of tiger mauling | date=2007-12-26 | work=CNN | accessdate=2007-12-26}}</ref> ==Species survival projects== The San Francisco Zoo participates in [[Species Survival Plan]]s, conservation programs sponsored by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. The program began in 1981 for selected species in North American zoos and aquariums where the breeding of a species done to maintain healthy, self-sustaining, genetically diverse and demographically stable populations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Species Survival Plan Program |url=http://www.sfzoo.org/conservation/azalist.htm |publisher=Association of Zoos and Aquariums |date=29 April 2008 |accessdate=2008-07-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229112602/http://www.sfzoo.org/conservation/azalist.htm |archivedate=2008-02-29 }}</ref> The zoo participates in more than 30 SSP programs, working to conserve species ranging from Madagascan radiated tortoises and reticulated giraffes to black rhinos and gorillas. ==See also== {{Portal|Animals|Trains|San Francisco Bay Area}} *[[Citizens Lobbying for Animals in Zoos]] ==References== {{Reflist |colwidth=30em |refs= <ref name="aza_list"> {{ZooOrg|aza|zoos|accessdate=10 August 2011}} </ref> }} ==External links== {{Wikinewscat|San Francisco, California|Zoos and aquariums}} {{Commons category-inline}} *{{Official website|http://www.sfzoo.org}} {{Zoos of California}} {{San Francisco Attractions}} [[Category:Zoos in California]] [[Category:Parks in San Francisco]] [[Category:Sunset District, San Francisco]] [[Category:Insectariums]] [[Category:Landmarks in San Francisco]] [[Category:Urban public parks]] [[Category:Zoos established in 1929]] [[Category:1929 establishments in California]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in San Francisco]]'