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[[File:Baku by Katsushika Hokusai.jpg|thumb|155px|right|A ''baku'', as illustrated by [[Hokusai]].]]
{{nihongo|'''''Baku'''''|獏 {{lang|en|or}} 貘}} are Japanese [[supernatural beings]] that are said to devour dreams and nightmares. According to legend, they were created by the spare pieces that were left over when the gods finished creating all other animals. They have a long history in [[Japanese folklore]] and [[Japanese art|art]], and more recently have appeared in [[manga]] and [[anime]].
The Japanese term ''baku'' has two current meanings, referring to both the traditional dream-devouring creature and to the [[Malayan tapir]].<ref name="nakagawa">Nakagawa Masako 1999 "Sankai ibutsu: An early seventeenth-century Japanese illustrated manuscript". ''Sino-Japanese Studies'', 11:24-38. Pages 33–34.</ref> In recent years, there have been changes in how the ''baku'' is depicted.
==History and description==
The traditional Japanese nightmare-devouring ''baku'' originates in [[Chinese folklore]] about the ''[[Mo (Chinese zoology)|mo]]'' 貘 and was familiar in Japan as early as the [[Muromachi period]] (14th-15th century).<ref>Hori Tadao 2005 "Cultural note on dreaming and dream study in the future: Release from nightmare and development of dream control technique," ''Sleep and Biological Rhythms'' 3 (2), 49–55.</ref> Hori Tadao has described the dream-eating abilities attributed to the traditional ''baku'' and relates them to other preventatives against nightmare such as [[amulet]]s. [[Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database]], citing a 1957 paper, and Mizuki also describe the dream-devouring capacities of the traditional ''baku''.<ref>Mizuki, Shigeru 2004 ''Mujara 5: Tōhoku, Kyūshū-hen'' (in Japanese). Japan: Soft Garage. page 137. {{ISBN|4-86133-027-0}}.</ref>
An early 17th-century Japanese manuscript, the ''Sankai Ibutsu'' ({{nihongo2|山海異物}}), describes the ''baku'' as a shy, Chinese mythical [[chimera (mythology)|chimera]] with an [[elephant]]’s trunk, [[rhinoceros]]' eyes, an [[ox]]'s tail, and a [[tiger]]'s paws, which protected against pestilence and evil, although eating nightmares was not included among its abilities.<ref name="nakagawa"/> However, in a 1791 Japanese wood-block illustration, a specifically dream-destroying ''baku'' is depicted with an elephant’s head, tusks, and trunk, with horns and tiger’s claws.<ref>Kern, Adam L. 2007 ''Manga from the Floating World: Comicbook culture and the kibyoshi of Edo Japan''. Cambridge: Harvard University Asian Center. Page 236, figure 4.26.</ref> The elephant’s head, trunk, and tusks are characteristic of ''baku'' portrayed in classical era (pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]]) Japanese wood-block prints (see illustration) and in shrine, temple, and [[netsuke]] carvings.<ref>{{nihongo2|[http://www.sirasaki.co.jp/baku/baku.html 夢貘まくら]}}. (Accessed September 5, 2007.)</ref><ref>Richard Smart, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fv20070216a1.html Delivering men from evil]", ''Japan Times,'' February 16, 2007. (Accessed September 8, 2007.)</ref><ref>http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shrine-guide-2.shtml. (Accessed September 8, 2007.)</ref><ref>http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=image;hex=M91_250_104.jpg {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406202705/http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=image;hex=M91_250_104.jpg |date=2012-04-06 }} (Accessed October 12, 2010.)</ref>
Writing in the [[Meiji period]], [[Lafcadio Hearn]] (1902) described a ''baku'' with very similar attributes that was also able to devour nightmares.<ref>Hearn, Lafcadio 1902 Kottō: ''Being Japanese Curios, with Sundry Cobwebs''. Macmillan. Pages 245-248. {{ISBN|4-86133-027-0}}.</ref>
Legend has it, that a person who wakes up from a bad dream can call out to ''baku''. A child having a nightmare in Japan will wake up and repeat three times, "Baku-san, come eat my dream." Legends say that the ''baku'' will come into the child's room and devour the bad dream, allowing the child to go back to sleep peacefully. However, calling to the ''baku'' must be done sparingly, because if he remains hungry after eating one's nightmare, he may also devour their hopes and desires as well, leaving them to live an empty life. The ''baku'' can also be summoned for protection from bad dreams prior to falling asleep at night. In the 1910s, it was common for Japanese children to keep a ''baku'' talisman at their bedside.<ref>M.Reese:"The Asian traditions and myths".pg.60</ref><ref>Hadland Davis F., "Myths and Legends of Japan" (London: [[G. G. Harrap]], 1913)</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery heights="200" widths="200">
KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg|''Baku'' sculpture at the Konnoh Hachimangu Shrine, [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg|''Baku and Lion'' sculpture at the Konnoh Hachimangu Shrine, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Dreamcatcher]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* [[Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database]]. International Research Center for Japanese Studies. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. (Summary of excerpt from ''Warui Yume o Mita Toki'' ({{nihongo2|悪い夢をみたとき}}, When You've Had a Bad Dream?) by Keidō Matsushita, published in volume 5 of the journal ''Shōnai Minzoku'' ({{nihongo2|庄内民俗}}, Shōnai Folk Customs) on June 15, 1957).
==External links==
* [http://hyakumonogatari.com/2012/10/20/baku-the-dream-eater/ Baku – The Dream Eater] at hyakumonogatari.com (English).
* [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/90981/rec/1 Netsuke: masterpieces from the Metropolitan Museum of Art], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains many representations of Baku
{{Japanese folklore long}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baku}}
[[Category:Chinese legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Japanese legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Legendary mammals]]
[[Category:Mythological hybrids]]
[[Category:Fictional tapirs]]
[[Category:Sleep in mythology and folklore]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Baku'' (mythology)}}
[[File:Baku by Katsushika Hokusai.jpg|thumb|155px|right|A ''baku'', as illustrated by [[Hokusai]].]]
{{nihongo|'''''Baku'''''|獏 {{lang|en|or}} 貘}} are Japanese [[supernatural beings]] that are said to devour dreams and nightmares. According to legend, they were created by the spare pieces that were left over when the gods finished creating all other animals. They have a long history in [[Japanese folklore]] and [[Japanese art|art]], and more recently have appeared in [[manga]] and [[anime]].
The Japanese term ''baku'' has two current meanings, referring to both the traditional dream-devouring creature and to the [[Malayan tapir]].<ref name="nakagawa">Nakagawa Masako 1999 "Sankai ibutsu: An early seventeenth-century Japanese illustrated manuscript". ''Sino-Japanese Studies'', 11:24-38. Pages 33–34.</ref> In recent years, there have been changes in how the ''baku'' is depicted.
==History and description==
The traditional Japanese nightmare-devouring ''baku'' originates in [[Chinese folklore]] about the ''[[Mo (Chinese zoology)|mo]]'' 貘 and was familiar in Japan as early as the [[Muromachi period]] (14th-15th century).<ref>Hori Tadao 2005 "Cultural note on dreaming and dream study in the future: Release from nightmare and development of dream control technique," ''Sleep and Biological Rhythms'' 3 (2), 49–55.</ref> Hori Tadao has described the dream-eating abilities attributed to the traditional ''baku'' and relates them to other preventatives against nightmare such as [[amulet]]s. [[Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database]], citing a 1957 paper, and Mizuki also describe the dream-devouring capacities of the traditional ''baku''.<ref>Mizuki, Shigeru 2004 ''Mujara 5: Tōhoku, Kyūshū-hen'' (in Japanese). Japan: Soft Garage. page 137. {{ISBN|4-86133-027-0}}.</ref>
An early 17th-century Japanese manuscript, the ''Sankai Ibutsu'' ({{nihongo2|山海異物}}), describes the ''baku'' as a shy, Chinese mythical [[chimera (mythology)|chimera]] with an [[elephant]]’s trunk, [[rhinoceros]]' eyes, an [[ox]]'s tail, and a [[tiger]]'s paws, which protected against pestilence and evil, although eating nightmares was not included among its abilities.<ref name="nakagawa"/> However, in a 1791 Japanese wood-block illustration, a specifically dream-destroying ''baku'' is depicted with an elephant’s head, tusks, and trunk, with horns and tiger’s claws.<ref>Kern, Adam L. 2007 ''Manga from the Floating World: Comicbook culture and the kibyoshi of Edo Japan''. Cambridge: Harvard University Asian Center. Page 236, figure 4.26.</ref> The elephant’s head, trunk, and tusks are characteristic of ''baku'' portrayed in classical era (pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]]) Japanese wood-block prints (see illustration) and in shrine, temple, and [[netsuke]] carvings.<ref>{{nihongo2|[http://www.sirasaki.co.jp/baku/baku.html 夢貘まくら]}}. (Accessed September 5, 2007.)</ref><ref>Richard Smart, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fv20070216a1.html Delivering men from evil]", ''Japan Times,'' February 16, 2007. (Accessed September 8, 2007.)</ref><ref>http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shrine-guide-2.shtml. (Accessed September 8, 2007.)</ref><ref>http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=image;hex=M91_250_104.jpg {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406202705/http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=image;hex=M91_250_104.jpg |date=2012-04-06 }} (Accessed October 12, 2010.)</ref>
Writing in the [[Meiji period]], [[Lafcadio Hearn]] (1902) described a ''baku'' with very similar attributes that was also able to devour nightmares.<ref>Hearn, Lafcadio 1902 Kottō: ''Being Japanese Curios, with Sundry Cobwebs''. Macmillan. Pages 245-248. {{ISBN|4-86133-027-0}}.</ref>
Legend has it, that a person who wakes up from a bad dream can call out to ''baku''. A child having a nightmare in Japan will wake up and repeat three times, "Baku-san, come eat my dream." Legends say that the ''baku'' will come into the child's room and devour the bad dream, allowing the child to go back to sleep peacefully. However, calling to the ''baku'' must be done sparingly, because if he remains hungry after eating one's nightmare, he may also devour their hopes and desires as well, leaving them to live an empty life. The ''baku'' can also be summoned for protection from bad dreams prior to falling asleep at night. In the 1910s, it was common for Japanese children to keep a ''baku'' talisman at their bedside.<ref>M.Reese:"The Asian traditions and myths".pg.60</ref><ref>Hadland Davis F., "Myths and Legends of Japan" (London: [[G. G. Harrap]], 1913)</ref>
[[File:Https://cdn.bulbagarden.net/upload/thumb/3/3e/096Drowzee.png/250px-096Drowzee.png|thumb|Drowzee from the Pokemon series is based of the mythical Baku]]
==Gallery==
<gallery heights="200" widths="200">
KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg|''Baku'' sculpture at the Konnoh Hachimangu Shrine, [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg|''Baku and Lion'' sculpture at the Konnoh Hachimangu Shrine, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Dreamcatcher]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* [[Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database]]. International Research Center for Japanese Studies. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. (Summary of excerpt from ''Warui Yume o Mita Toki'' ({{nihongo2|悪い夢をみたとき}}, When You've Had a Bad Dream?) by Keidō Matsushita, published in volume 5 of the journal ''Shōnai Minzoku'' ({{nihongo2|庄内民俗}}, Shōnai Folk Customs) on June 15, 1957).
==External links==
* [http://hyakumonogatari.com/2012/10/20/baku-the-dream-eater/ Baku – The Dream Eater] at hyakumonogatari.com (English).
* [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/90981/rec/1 Netsuke: masterpieces from the Metropolitan Museum of Art], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains many representations of Baku
{{Japanese folklore long}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baku}}
[[Category:Chinese legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Japanese legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Legendary mammals]]
[[Category:Mythological hybrids]]
[[Category:Fictional tapirs]]
[[Category:Sleep in mythology and folklore]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -13,4 +13,5 @@
Legend has it, that a person who wakes up from a bad dream can call out to ''baku''. A child having a nightmare in Japan will wake up and repeat three times, "Baku-san, come eat my dream." Legends say that the ''baku'' will come into the child's room and devour the bad dream, allowing the child to go back to sleep peacefully. However, calling to the ''baku'' must be done sparingly, because if he remains hungry after eating one's nightmare, he may also devour their hopes and desires as well, leaving them to live an empty life. The ''baku'' can also be summoned for protection from bad dreams prior to falling asleep at night. In the 1910s, it was common for Japanese children to keep a ''baku'' talisman at their bedside.<ref>M.Reese:"The Asian traditions and myths".pg.60</ref><ref>Hadland Davis F., "Myths and Legends of Japan" (London: [[G. G. Harrap]], 1913)</ref>
+[[File:Https://cdn.bulbagarden.net/upload/thumb/3/3e/096Drowzee.png/250px-096Drowzee.png|thumb|Drowzee from the Pokemon series is based of the mythical Baku]]
==Gallery==
<gallery heights="200" widths="200">
' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:157px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg/155px-Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="230" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg/233px-Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg/310px-Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Baku_by_Katsushika_Hokusai.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <i>baku</i>, as illustrated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hokusai" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>.</div></div></div>
<p><i><b>Baku</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span lang="ja" title="Japanese language text">獏 <span lang="en" title="English language text">or</span> 貘</span>)</span> are Japanese <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supernatural_beings" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural beings">supernatural beings</a> that are said to devour dreams and nightmares. According to legend, they were created by the spare pieces that were left over when the gods finished creating all other animals. They have a long history in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_folklore" title="Japanese folklore">Japanese folklore</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">art</a>, and more recently have appeared in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>.
</p><p>The Japanese term <i>baku</i> has two current meanings, referring to both the traditional dream-devouring creature and to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malayan_tapir" title="Malayan tapir">Malayan tapir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nakagawa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nakagawa-1">[1]</a></sup> In recent years, there have been changes in how the <i>baku</i> is depicted.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History_and_description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History and description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History_and_description">History and description</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Baku_(mythology)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and description">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The traditional Japanese nightmare-devouring <i>baku</i> originates in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_folklore" title="Chinese folklore">Chinese folklore</a> about the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mo_(Chinese_zoology)" title="Mo (Chinese zoology)">mo</a></i> 貘 and was familiar in Japan as early as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> (14th-15th century).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> Hori Tadao has described the dream-eating abilities attributed to the traditional <i>baku</i> and relates them to other preventatives against nightmare such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulets</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kaii-Y%C5%8Dkai_Densh%C5%8D_Database" title="Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database">Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database</a>, citing a 1957 paper, and Mizuki also describe the dream-devouring capacities of the traditional <i>baku</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>An early 17th-century Japanese manuscript, the <i>Sankai Ibutsu</i> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span lang="ja" title="Japanese language text">山海異物</span></span>), describes the <i>baku</i> as a shy, Chinese mythical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">chimera</a> with an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a>’s trunk, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a>' eyes, an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a>'s tail, and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a>'s paws, which protected against pestilence and evil, although eating nightmares was not included among its abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-nakagawa_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nakagawa-1">[1]</a></sup> However, in a 1791 Japanese wood-block illustration, a specifically dream-destroying <i>baku</i> is depicted with an elephant’s head, tusks, and trunk, with horns and tiger’s claws.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> The elephant’s head, trunk, and tusks are characteristic of <i>baku</i> portrayed in classical era (pre-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji</a>) Japanese wood-block prints (see illustration) and in shrine, temple, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Netsuke" title="Netsuke">netsuke</a> carvings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>Writing in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lafcadio_Hearn" title="Lafcadio Hearn">Lafcadio Hearn</a> (1902) described a <i>baku</i> with very similar attributes that was also able to devour nightmares.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
Legend has it, that a person who wakes up from a bad dream can call out to <i>baku</i>. A child having a nightmare in Japan will wake up and repeat three times, "Baku-san, come eat my dream." Legends say that the <i>baku</i> will come into the child's room and devour the bad dream, allowing the child to go back to sleep peacefully. However, calling to the <i>baku</i> must be done sparingly, because if he remains hungry after eating one's nightmare, he may also devour their hopes and desires as well, leaving them to live an empty life. The <i>baku</i> can also be summoned for protection from bad dreams prior to falling asleep at night. In the 1910s, it was common for Japanese children to keep a <i>baku</i> talisman at their bedside.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Https://cdn.bulbagarden.net/upload/thumb/3/3e/096Drowzee.png/250px-096Drowzee.png" class="new" title="File:Https://cdn.bulbagarden.net/upload/thumb/3/3e/096Drowzee.png/250px-096Drowzee.png">File:Https://cdn.bulbagarden.net/upload/thumb/3/3e/096Drowzee.png/250px-096Drowzee.png</a> <div class="thumbcaption">Drowzee from the Pokemon series is based of the mythical Baku</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Baku_(mythology)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"><div style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><div style="margin:58.5px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg/200px-KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg/300px-KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg/400px-KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1676" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><i>Baku</i> sculpture at the Konnoh Hachimangu Shrine, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"><div style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><div style="margin:40px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg/200px-KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg/300px-KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg/400px-KonnoHachiman-Sculpture-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3012" data-file-height="2260" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><i>Baku and Lion</i> sculpture at the Konnoh Hachimangu Shrine, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Baku_(mythology)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dreamcatcher" title="Dreamcatcher">Dreamcatcher</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Baku_(mythology)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-nakagawa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nakagawa_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nakagawa_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa Masako 1999 "Sankai ibutsu: An early seventeenth-century Japanese illustrated manuscript". <i>Sino-Japanese Studies</i>, 11:24-38. Pages 33–34.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hori Tadao 2005 "Cultural note on dreaming and dream study in the future: Release from nightmare and development of dream control technique," <i>Sleep and Biological Rhythms</i> 3 (2), 49–55.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mizuki, Shigeru 2004 <i>Mujara 5: Tōhoku, Kyūshū-hen</i> (in Japanese). Japan: Soft Garage. page 137. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886058088">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-86133-027-0" title="Special:BookSources/4-86133-027-0">4-86133-027-0</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kern, Adam L. 2007 <i>Manga from the Floating World: Comicbook culture and the kibyoshi of Edo Japan</i>. Cambridge: Harvard University Asian Center. Page 236, figure 4.26.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span lang="ja" title="Japanese language text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sirasaki.co.jp/baku/baku.html">夢貘まくら</a></span></span>. (Accessed September 5, 2007.)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Smart, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fv20070216a1.html">Delivering men from evil</a>", <i>Japan Times,</i> February 16, 2007. (Accessed September 8, 2007.)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shrine-guide-2.shtml">http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shrine-guide-2.shtml</a>. (Accessed September 8, 2007.)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=image;hex=M91_250_104.jpg">http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=image;hex=M91_250_104.jpg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406202705/http://collectionsonline.lacma.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=image;hex=M91_250_104.jpg">Archived</a> 2012-04-06 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Accessed October 12, 2010.)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hearn, Lafcadio 1902 Kottō: <i>Being Japanese Curios, with Sundry Cobwebs</i>. Macmillan. Pages 245-248. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886058088"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-86133-027-0" title="Special:BookSources/4-86133-027-0">4-86133-027-0</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.Reese:"The Asian traditions and myths".pg.60</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hadland Davis F., "Myths and Legends of Japan" (London: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/G._G._Harrap" class="mw-redirect" title="G. G. Harrap">G. G. Harrap</a>, 1913)</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Baku_(mythology)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kaii-Y%C5%8Dkai_Densh%C5%8D_Database" title="Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database">Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database</a>. International Research Center for Japanese Studies. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. (Summary of excerpt from <i>Warui Yume o Mita Toki</i> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span lang="ja" title="Japanese language text">悪い夢をみたとき</span></span>, When You've Had a Bad Dream?) by Keidō Matsushita, published in volume 5 of the journal <i>Shōnai Minzoku</i> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span lang="ja" title="Japanese language text">庄内民俗</span></span>, Shōnai Folk Customs) on June 15, 1957).</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Baku_(mythology)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyakumonogatari.com/2012/10/20/baku-the-dream-eater/">Baku – The Dream Eater</a> at hyakumonogatari.com (English).</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/90981/rec/1">Netsuke: masterpieces from the Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains many representations of Baku</li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_folklore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Japanese_folklore_long" title="Template:Japanese folklore long"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_folklore_long" title="Template talk:Japanese folklore long"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Japanese_folklore_long&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_folklore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_folklore" title="Japanese folklore">Japanese folklore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_folktales" title="Japanese folktales">Folktales</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Awa_Tanuki_Gassen" title="Awa Tanuki Gassen">Awa Tanuki Gassen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bunbuku_Chagama" title="Bunbuku Chagama">Bunbuku Chagama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hakuz%C5%8Dsu" title="Hakuzōsu">Hakuzōsu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanasaka_Jiisan" title="Hanasaka Jiisan">Hanasaka Jiisan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Issun-b%C5%8Dshi" title="Issun-bōshi">Issun-bōshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kachi-kachi_Yama" title="Kachi-kachi Yama">Kachi-kachi Yama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kasa_Jiz%C5%8D" title="Kasa Jizō">Kasa Jizō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kintar%C5%8D" title="Kintarō">Kintarō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurozuka" title="Kurozuka">Kurozuka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Momotar%C5%8D" title="Momotarō">Momotarō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nezumi_no_Sum%C5%8D" title="Nezumi no Sumō">Nezumi no Sumō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Crab_and_the_Monkey" title="The Crab and the Monkey">Saru Kani Gassen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shita-kiri_Suzume" title="Shita-kiri Suzume">Shita-kiri Suzume</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Bamboo_Cutter" title="The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter">Taketori Monogatari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamamo-no-Mae" title="Tamamo-no-Mae">Tamamo-no-Mae</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/My_Lord_Bag_of_Rice" title="My Lord Bag of Rice">Tawara Tōda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsuru_no_Ongaeshi" title="Tsuru no Ongaeshi">Tsuru no Ongaeshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urashima_Tar%C5%8D" title="Urashima Tarō">Urashima Tarō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yamata_no_Orochi" title="Yamata no Orochi">Yamata no Orochi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yotsuya_Kaidan" title="Yotsuya Kaidan">Yotsuya Kaidan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oto-hime" title="Oto-hime">Oto-hime</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg" class="image" title="Utamaro Yama-uba and Kintaro"><img alt="Utamaro Yama-uba and Kintaro" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg/75px-Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg/113px-Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg/150px-Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="494" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Konjaku_Monogatarish%C5%AB" title="Konjaku Monogatarishū">Konjaku Monogatarishū</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otogi-z%C5%8Dshi" title="Otogi-zōshi">Otogi-zōshi</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uji_Sh%C5%ABi_Monogatari" title="Uji Shūi Monogatari">Uji Shūi Monogatari</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_legendary_creatures_from_Japan" title="List of legendary creatures from Japan">Legendary creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abura-akago" title="Abura-akago">Abura-akago</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abura-sumashi" title="Abura-sumashi">Abura-sumashi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aka_Manto" title="Aka Manto">Aka Manto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akaname" title="Akaname">Akaname</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akashita" title="Akashita">Akashita</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akateko_(folklore)" title="Akateko (folklore)">Akateko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akuma_(folklore)" title="Akuma (folklore)">Akuma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amabie" title="Amabie">Amabie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amanojaku" title="Amanojaku">Amanojaku</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amazake-babaa" title="Amazake-babaa">Amazake-babaa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amefurikoz%C5%8D" title="Amefurikozō">Amefurikozō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ameonna" title="Ameonna">Ameonna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amikiri" title="Amikiri">Amikiri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aob%C5%8Dzu" title="Aobōzu">Aobōzu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aony%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Aonyōbō">Aonyōbō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aosaginohi" title="Aosaginohi">Aosaginohi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ashinagatenaga" title="Ashinagatenaga">Ashinagatenaga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayakashi_(y%C5%8Dkai)" title="Ayakashi (yōkai)">Ayakashi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azukiarai" title="Azukiarai">Azukiarai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bake-kujira" title="Bake-kujira">Bake-kujira</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bakeneko" title="Bakeneko">Bakeneko</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baku</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basan" title="Basan">Basan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Binb%C5%8Dgami" title="Binbōgami">Binbōgami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chimim%C5%8Dry%C5%8D" title="Chimimōryō">Chimimōryō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daidarabotchi" title="Daidarabotchi">Daidarabotchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dodomeki" title="Dodomeki">Dodomeki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_dragon" title="Japanese dragon">Dragon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enenra" title="Enenra">Enenra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Funay%C5%ABrei" title="Funayūrei">Funayūrei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Furaribi" title="Furaribi">Furaribi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/F%C5%ABri" title="Fūri">Fūri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Futakuchi-onna" title="Futakuchi-onna">Futakuchi-onna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gagoze" title="Gagoze">Gagoze</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gashadokuro" title="Gashadokuro">Gashadokuro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gory%C5%8D" title="Goryō">Goryō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanako-san" title="Hanako-san">Hanako-san</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harionago" title="Harionago">Harionago</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hibagon" title="Hibagon">Hibagon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hiderigami" title="Hiderigami">Hiderigami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hitogitsune" title="Hitogitsune">Hitogitsune</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hitotsume-koz%C5%8D" title="Hitotsume-kozō">Hitotsume-kozō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hitotsume-ny%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Hitotsume-nyūdō">Hitotsume-nyūdō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hone-onna" title="Hone-onna">Hone-onna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dsube" title="Hyōsube">Hyōsube</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ikiry%C5%8D" title="Ikiryō">Ikiryō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ikuchi" title="Ikuchi">Ikuchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inugami" title="Inugami">Inugami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ishinagenjo" title="Ishinagenjo">Ishinagenjo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isonade" title="Isonade">Isonade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Janjanbi" title="Janjanbi">Janjanbi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jinmenju" title="Jinmenju">Jinmenju</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jor%C5%8Dgumo" title="Jorōgumo">Jorōgumo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jubokko" title="Jubokko">Jubokko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamaitachi" title="Kamaitachi">Kamaitachi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamikiri_(haircutting)" title="Kamikiri (haircutting)">Kamikiri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kappa_(folklore)" title="Kappa (folklore)">Kappa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kasa-obake" title="Kasa-obake">Kasa-obake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kasha_(folklore)" title="Kasha (folklore)">Kasha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otter#Japanese_folklore" title="Otter">Kawauso</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keukegen" title="Keukegen">Keukegen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kijimuna" title="Kijimuna">Kijimuna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kinoko" title="Kinoko">Kinoko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qilin" title="Qilin">Kirin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitsune" title="Kitsune">Kitsune</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hakuz%C5%8Dsu" title="Hakuzōsu">Hakuzōsu</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitsunebi" title="Kitsunebi">Kitsunebi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kodama_(spirit)" title="Kodama (spirit)">Kodama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Komainu" title="Komainu">Komainu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Konaki-jiji" title="Konaki-jiji">Konaki-jiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koro-pok-guru" title="Koro-pok-guru">Koro-pok-guru</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koromodako" title="Koromodako">Koromodako</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuchisake-onna" title="Kuchisake-onna">Kuchisake-onna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuda-gitsune" title="Kuda-gitsune">Kuda-gitsune</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kudan_(y%C5%8Dkai)" title="Kudan (yōkai)">Kudan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fox_spirit" title="Fox spirit">Kyubi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mikaribaba" title="Mikaribaba">Mikaribaba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mikoshi-ny%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Mikoshi-nyūdō">Mikoshi-nyūdō</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miage-ny%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Miage-nyūdō">Miage-nyūdō</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Misaki" title="Misaki">Misaki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mizuchi" title="Mizuchi">Mizuchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mokumokuren" title="Mokumokuren">Mokumokuren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mononoke" title="Mononoke">Mononoke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/M%C5%8Dry%C5%8D" title="Mōryō">Mōryō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mu-onna" title="Mu-onna">Mu-onna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mujina" title="Mujina">Mujina</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Namahage" title="Namahage">Namahage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Namazu_(Japanese_mythology)" title="Namazu (Japanese mythology)">Namazu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nekomata" title="Nekomata">Nekomata</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ningyo" title="Ningyo">Ningyo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noderab%C5%8D" title="Noderabō">Noderabō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noppera-b%C5%8D" title="Noppera-bō">Noppera-bō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nue" title="Nue">Nue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nuppepp%C5%8D" title="Nuppeppō">Nuppeppō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nurarihyon" title="Nurarihyon">Nurarihyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nure-onna" title="Nure-onna">Nure-onna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nurikabe" title="Nurikabe">Nurikabe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ny%C5%ABd%C5%8D-b%C5%8Dzu" title="Nyūdō-bōzu">Nyūdō-bōzu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obake" title="Obake">Obake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oboroguruma" title="Oboroguruma">Oboroguruma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yotsuya_Kaidan" title="Yotsuya Kaidan">Oiwa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Banch%C5%8D_Sarayashiki" title="Banchō Sarayashiki">Okiku</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C5%8Cmukade" title="Ōmukade">Ōmukade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oni" title="Oni">Oni</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ibaraki-d%C5%8Dji" title="Ibaraki-dōji">Ibaraki-dōji</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kijo_(folklore)" title="Kijo (folklore)">Kijo/Onibaba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kid%C5%8Dmaru" title="Kidōmaru">Kidōmaru</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rash%C5%8Dmon_no_oni" title="Rashōmon no oni">Rashōmon no oni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shuten-d%C5%8Dji" title="Shuten-dōji">Shuten-dōji</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Onibi" title="Onibi">Onibi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Onikuma" title="Onikuma">Onikuma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Onry%C5%8D" title="Onryō">Onryō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C5%8Cny%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Ōnyūdō">Ōnyūdō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osaki" title="Osaki">Osaki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otoroshi" title="Otoroshi">Otoroshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ouni" title="Ouni">Ouni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raij%C5%AB" title="Raijū">Raijū</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rokurokubi" title="Rokurokubi">Rokurokubi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samebito" title="Samebito">Samebito</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sankai" title="Sankai">Sankai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Satori_(folklore)" title="Satori (folklore)">Satori</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sazae-oni" title="Sazae-oni">Sazae-oni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shachihoko" title="Shachihoko">Shachihoko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shidaidaka" title="Shidaidaka">Shidaidaka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shikigami" title="Shikigami">Shikigami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinigami" title="Shinigami">Shinigami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shiranui_(optical_phenomenon)" title="Shiranui (optical phenomenon)">Shiranui</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shirime" title="Shirime">Shirime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shiry%C5%8D" title="Shiryō">Shiryō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" title="Shōjō">Shōjō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dkera" title="Shōkera">Shōkera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/S%C5%8Dj%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Sōjōbō">Sōjōbō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunekosuri" title="Sunekosuri">Sunekosuri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Takaonna" title="Takaonna">Takaonna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bake-danuki" title="Bake-danuki">Tanuki</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danzaburou-danuki" title="Danzaburou-danuki">Danzaburou-danuki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inugami_Gyoubu" title="Inugami Gyoubu">Inugami Gyoubu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shibaemon-tanuki" title="Shibaemon-tanuki">Shibaemon-tanuki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yashima_no_Hage-tanuki" title="Yashima no Hage-tanuki">Yashima no Hage-tanuki</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_marten#Legends" title="Japanese marten">Ten</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tengu" title="Tengu">Tengu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennin" title="Tennin">Tennin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tenome" title="Tenome">Tenome</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tesso" title="Tesso">Tesso</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/T%C5%8Dfu-koz%C5%8D" title="Tōfu-kozō">Tōfu-kozō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsuchigumo" title="Tsuchigumo">Tsuchigumo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsuchinoko" title="Tsuchinoko">Tsuchinoko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsukumogami" title="Tsukumogami">Tsukumogami</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abumi-guchi" title="Abumi-guchi">Abumi-guchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bakez%C5%8Dri" title="Bakezōri">Bakezōri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biwa-bokuboku" title="Biwa-bokuboku">Biwa-bokuboku</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boroboroton" title="Boroboroton">Boroboroton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dchin-obake" title="Chōchin-obake">Chōchin-obake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ittan-momen" title="Ittan-momen">Ittan-momen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kasa-obake" title="Kasa-obake">Kasa-obake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koto-furunushi" title="Koto-furunushi">Koto-furunushi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Menreiki" title="Menreiki">Menreiki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ungaiky%C5%8D" title="Ungaikyō">Ungaikyō</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsurubebi" title="Tsurubebi">Tsurubebi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsurara-onna" title="Tsurara-onna">Tsurara-onna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsurube-otoshi" title="Tsurube-otoshi">Tsurube-otoshi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ubagabi" title="Ubagabi">Ubagabi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ubume" title="Ubume">Ubume</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umi_zat%C5%8D" title="Umi zatō">Umi zatō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umib%C5%8Dzu" title="Umibōzu">Umibōzu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ushi-oni" title="Ushi-oni">Ushi-oni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uwan" title="Uwan">Uwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waira" title="Waira">Waira</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wany%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Wanyūdō">Wanyūdō</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yamabiko_(folklore)" title="Yamabiko (folklore)">Yamabiko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yamawaro" title="Yamawaro">Yamawaro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yamajijii" title="Yamajijii">Yamajijii</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yama-uba" title="Yama-uba">Yama-uba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yanari" title="Yanari">Yanari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yobuko" title="Yobuko">Yobuko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsei" title="Yōsei">Yōsei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yosuzume" title="Yosuzume">Yosuzume</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yuki-onna" title="Yuki-onna">Yuki-onna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yume_no_seirei" title="Yume no seirei">Yume no seirei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Y%C5%ABrei" title="Yūrei">Yūrei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zashiki-warashi" title="Zashiki-warashi">Zashiki-warashi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folklorists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kunio_Yanagita" title="Kunio Yanagita">Kunio Yanagita</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keigo_Seki" title="Keigo Seki">Keigo Seki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lafcadio_Hearn" title="Lafcadio Hearn">Lafcadio Hearn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shigeru_Mizuki" title="Shigeru Mizuki">Shigeru Mizuki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inoue_Enry%C5%8D" title="Inoue Enryō">Inoue Enryō</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Japanese mythology in popular culture">Mythology in popular culture</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1578594745 |
