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'{{Infobox language family |name=Arabic |region=[[North Africa]], [[Middle East]], [[Malta]] |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic |fam2=[[Semitic languages|Semitic]] |fam3=[[Central Semitic languages|Central Semitic]] |glotto=arab1394 |glottorefname=Arabian }} The '''Arabic''' or '''North Arabian'''<ref name="urlkrc2.orient.ox.ac.uk">{{cite web |url=http://krc2.orient.ox.ac.uk/aalc/images/documents/mcam/mcam_ancient_north_arabian.pdf |title=krc2.orient.ox.ac.uk |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> [[language family]], consists of languages and dialects spoken in pre-Islamic North and Central Arabia and South Syria, the majority of which were the descendants of [[Proto-Arabic]] and their descendants, including: * [[Ancient North Arabian]] (including Safaitic and Hismaic) * [[Old Arabic]], the language of northwestern Arabia in the pre-Islamic period and its varieties: *** [[Nabataean Arabic]] ** [[Old Higazi|Old Hejazi]] * [[Classical Arabic]], the liturgical language of Islam which emerged in the 7th century AD * Neo-Arabic, the descendants of spoken Old Arabic, including: **[[varieties of Arabic|Colloquial Arabic]] ***[[Western Arabic]] also called Maghrebi Arabic ****[[Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects]] **** Koinés *****[[Algerian Arabic]] *****[[Moroccan Arabic]] *****[[Tunisian Arabic]] *****[[Libyan Arabic]] *****[[Algerian Saharan Arabic]] *****[[Andalusian Arabic]] (extinct) *****[[Siculo-Arabic]] (extinct) ******[[Maltese language|Maltese]] ****[[Western Bedouin]] *****[[Hassaniyya Arabic]] *****[[Algerian Saharan Arabic]] *** [[Eastern Arabic]] ****[[Levantine Arabic]] ***** [[North Levantine Arabic]] ****** [[Syrian Arabic]] ****** [[Lebanese Arabic]] ***** [[South Levantine Arabic]] ****** [[Jordanian Arabic]] ****** [[Palestinian Arabic]] ***** [[Cypriot Arabic]] ***** [[Levantine Bedawi Arabic]] **** [[Mesopotamian Arabic]] *****[[Gelet]] ****** Tigris dialect Cluster *******[[Baghdadi Arabic]] ****** Euphrates dialect cluster ****** [[Khuzestani Arabic]] ***** [[North Mesopotamian Arabic|Qeltu]] *** [[Peninsular Arabic]] **** [[Gulf Arabic]] ***** [[Kuwaiti Arabic]] ***** varieties from Qatar and the UAE. **** [[Shihhi Arabic]] **** [[Omani Arabic]] **** [[Dhofari Arabic]] **** [[Najdi Arabic]] **** [[Hejazi Arabic]] ***** [[Rashaida]] **** [[Bahraini Arabic]] **** [[Yemeni Arabic]] ***** [[Hadhrami Arabic]] ***** [[Sanʽani Arabic]] ***** [[Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic]] ***** [[Tihamiyya Arabic]] ***** [[Somali Arabic]] ***** [[Bareqi Arabic]] *** Central Arabic **** [[Egyptian Arabic]] **** [[Saʽidi Arabic]] **** [[Sudanese Arabic]] ***** [[Nubi Arabic]] (Sudanese Arabic based creole) ***** [[Juba Arabic]] (Sudanese Arabic based creole) * [[Modern Standard Arabic]], the standardized variety of Arabic used since the 19th century and modernized version of the liturgical language of Islam == See also == * [[Arab (disambiguation)]] * [[Arab (etymology)]] == Notes == <references /> ==Literature== *Cantineau, Jean (1955). "La dialectologie arabe", ''Orbis'' 4:149–169. *Fischer, Wolfdietrich, & Otto Jastrow (ed) (1980). ''Handbuch der arabischen Dialekte'', Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz. *Kaye, Alan S., & Judith Rosenhouse (1997). "Arabic Dialects and Maltese", ''The Semitic Languages''. Ed. Robert Hetzron. New York: Routledge. Pages 263–311. *Lozachmeur, H., (ed.), (1995). ''Presence arabe dans le croissant fertile avant l'Hegire (Actes de la table ronde internationale Paris, 13 Novembre 1993)'' Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations. {{ISBN|2-86538-254-0}} *Macdonald, M.C.A., (2000). "Reflections on the linguistic map of pre-Islamic Arabia" ''Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy'' 11(1), 28–79 *Scagliarini, F., (1999). "The Dedanitic inscriptions from Jabal 'Ikma in north-western Hejaz" ''Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies'' 29, 143–150 {{ISBN|2-503-50829-4}} *Sobelman, H., (ed.) (1962). ''Arabic Dialect Studies'', Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics and the Middle East Institute. *Winnett, F.V. & Reed, W.L. (1970). ''Ancient Records from North Arabia'', Toronto: University of Toronto {{Semitic languages |expanded=Arabic}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Arabic languages| ]] [[Category:Central Semitic languages]] [[Category:Linguistic typology|Arabic languages]]'