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{{for2|the Italian comic book character|[[Rat-Man (comics)|Rat-Man]]|the Stephen King character|[[The Stand]]}}
"'''Rat Man'''" was the nickname given by [[Sigmund Freud]] to a patient whose "case history" was published as ''Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose'' ['Notes Upon A Case of Obsessional Neurosis'] (1909). This was the second of six case histories that Freud published, and the first in which he claimed that the patient had been cured by [[psychoanalysis]].
The nickname derives from the fact that among the patient's many compulsions was an [[Fixation (psychology)|obsession]] with nightmarish fantasies about rats.<ref>Sigmund Freud, ''Case Histories II'' (PFL 9) p. 93</ref>
To protect the anonymity of patients, psychoanalytic case-studies would usually withhold or disguise the names of the individuals concerned ("[[Anna O.]]"; "[[Little Hans]]"; "[[Sergei Pankejeff|Wolf Man]]", "[[Dora (case study)|Dora]]", etc.).<ref>Katz, Maya Balakirsky (2011). "A Rabbi, A Priest, and a Psychoanalyst: Religion in the Early Psychoanalytic Case History". Contemporary Jewry 31 (1): 3–24. doi:10.1007/s12397-010-9059-y</ref> Recent researchers have decided that the "Rat Man" was in fact a clever lawyer named '''Ernst Lanzer'''<ref>{{cite news
|author=Frederick J. Wertz
|title=Freud's case of the Rat Man revisited: an existential-phenomenological and socio-historical analysis.
|date=22 March 2003
|work=[[Journal of Phenomenological Psychology]]
}}</ref> (1878–1914)—though many other sources maintain that the man's name was '''Paul Lorenz'''.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Steele
| first = Robert S.
| title = Freud and Jung. Conflicts of Interpretation
| publisher = [[Law Book Co of Australasia]]
| year = 1982
| isbn = 0-7100-9067-6
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_b8g1
}}</ref>
== History of the analysis ==
Lanzer first came to Freud in October 1907 complaining of obsessive fears and [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder|compulsive]] impulses. Freud treated his patient for a little over three months on a regular daily basis. The treatment was irregular for the next three months and sporadic, at best, after that.
Lanzer's principal fear was that something terrible was going to happen to his father and a female friend (who later became his wife). His fear had grown out of an account he heard from a fellow army officer concerning a Chinese torture method in which a large pot, containing a live rat, was strapped to the buttocks of the victim, and the rat encouraged by a red-hot poker to gnaw his way out through the victim's anus.
Lanzer claimed that he fantasized about murder and suicide, and developed a number of compulsive irrational behavior patterns. For example, he mentioned his habit of opening the door to his flat between 12 midnight and 1:00 A.M., apparently so that his father's ghost could enter. Lanzer would then stare at his penis, sometimes using a mirror.
Freud encouraged Lanzer to discuss details of his sex life (such as his first efforts at masturbation at age 20) and focused on a number of [[Free association (psychology)|verbal associations]] with the word 'Ratten' ('rats'). According to Freud's analysis, Lanzer unconsciously identified himself with rats: that is, Lanzer was unconsciously fantasizing that he – a rat and a biter – was having anal intercourse with his father and with his lady friend.
Lanzer was verbally clever and introduced Freud to [[Nietzsche]]'s phrase (which Freud would later cite) {{"'}}I did this,' says my Memory. 'I cannot have done this,' says my Pride, and remains inexorable. In the end – Memory yields".<ref>Quoted in L. Appignanesi/J, Forrester, ''Freud's Women'' (2004) p. 113</ref> Freud would retell the saying more than once, and it would be taken up by later therapists such as [[Fritz Perls]].<ref>F. Perls, ''Gestalt Therapy Verbatim'' (1972) p. 45</ref>
Lanzer broke off his analysis with Freud after a relatively brief period and well before his transference had been fully resolved. Just after Freud had completed the written version of the case history in October 1909, he confessed to [[Carl Jung|Jung]] that his patient was still having ongoing problems. Lanzer was killed in the first World War and therefore later researchers were unable to interview him.
== Freud's write-up: 'Notes Upon A Case of Obsessional Neurosis' ==
Freud was led to publish the Rat Man case history because he was feeling pressured to show the world that psychoanalysis could achieve successful therapeutic results. Since the Rat Man had previously consulted [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg|Julius von Wagner-Jauregg]], Freud's eminent psychiatric colleague at the University of Vienna, the case was a particularly critical test of Freud's therapeutic abilities. Before October 1908, when he communicated this case history at the First International Psychoanalytic Congress in Salzburg, Freud had yet to publish the results of a successful psychoanalysis.
The case study was published in 1909 in Germany. Freud saw the Rat Man patient for some six months, despite later claiming the treatment lasted about a year.<ref>Mahony: ''Freud and the Rat Man'', page 69. Yale University Press, 1986</ref> He considered the treatment a success.
The patient presented with [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder|obsession]]al thoughts and with [[behavior]]s that he felt compelled to carry out,<ref>Freud, p. 39</ref> which had been precipitated by the loss/replacement of his [[pince-nez]], and the problem of paying for them, combined with the impact of a story he heard from a fellow officer about a [[rat torture|torture]] wherein rats would eat their way into the anal cavity of the victim.<ref>Elisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (2005) p. 214-5</ref> The patient then felt a compulsion to imagine that this fate was befalling two people dear to him, specifically his father and his fiancée. The irrational nature of this obsession is revealed by the fact that the man had the greatest regard for his fiancée and that his revered father had actually been dead for some years.<ref>Freud, p. 48</ref> Freud theorized that these obsessive ideas and similar thoughts were produced by conflicts consisting of the combination of loving and aggressive impulses relating to the people concerned – what [[Eugen Bleuler]] would later term [[ambivalence]].<ref>Freud, p. 119</ref>
The Rat Man also often defended himself against his own thoughts. He had had a secret thought that he wished his father would die so he could inherit all of his money, and become rich enough to marry, before shaming himself by fantasizing that his father would die and leave him nothing. The patient even goes so far as to fantasize about marrying Freud's daughter, believing (Freud writes) that "the only reason I was so kind and incredibly patient with him was that I wanted to have him for a son-in-law"<ref>Freud, p. 80</ref> – a matter linked in the [[transference]] to his conflicts between his mother's wish for him to marry rich like his father, and his fiancée's poverty.<ref>Roudinesco, p. 214-5</ref>
In addition, the symptoms were believed to keep the patient from needing to make difficult decisions in his current life, and to ward off the anxiety that would be involved in experiencing the angry and aggressive impulses directly. The patient's older sister and father had died, and these losses were considered, along with his suicidal thoughts and his tendency, to form part of the tissue of phantasies, verbal associations and symbolic meanings in which he was trapped.<ref>Freud, p. 88n</ref> Freud believed that they had their origin in the Rat Man's sexual experiences of infancy, in particular harsh punishment for childhood masturbation, and the vicissitudes of sexual curiosity.
In the theoretical second part of the case study, Freud elaborates on such [[defence mechanisms]] as [[Rationalization (psychology)|''rationalization'']], ''doubt'', [[Undoing (psychology)|undoing]] and ''[[displacement (psychology)|displacement]]''.<ref>Freud, 122-8</ref>
In a later footnote, Freud laments that although "the patient's mental health was restored to him by the analysis...like so many young men of value and promise, he perished in the [[World War I|Great War]]".<ref>Freud, p. 128</ref>
A number of significant discrepancies between the published case history and Freud's process notes, which were discovered among his papers after his death, have been pointed out by Patrick Mahony. According to Mahony, who is himself an analyst and sympathetic to the general goals of psychoanalysis, Freud's published case history is "muddled" and "inconsistent" on various matters of fact and also exhibits "glaring" omissions of information. In particular, there is an overemphasis on the father to the exclusion of the mother. As Mahony sums up, "Freud mixed momentous insights with exaggerated claims," some of which "were made in his zeal to protect and promote a new discipline."<ref>Mahony, Freud and the Rat Man, pp. 32, 34, 216.</ref>
==Legacy==
[[Jacques Lacan]] built his early [[Structuralism|structuralist]] theory around the Rat Man case, in particular the polarity of father-rich wife/son-poor wife as an intergenerational force creating the individual neurosis.<ref>Roudinesco, p. 213-6</ref>
Freud's late note upon the Rat Man's acute sense of smell would later be developed into his theory of the process of civilisation and organic repression.<ref>Angela Richards ed., ''Civilisation, Society and Religion'' (PFL 12) p. 247</ref>
==Criticism of Freud==
The only known case in which Freud's notes survive is that of Ernst Lanzer, the ''Rat-Man'', where they exist for the first third of the treatment.<ref>Angela Richards, in Freud, p. 34</ref> Freud treated him for obsessions, particularly the dread that something terrible would happen to his father and his fiancée. His fear of rats, Freud concluded after elaborate interpretations, was based on disguised anal erotic fantasies.<ref>Peter Gay, ''Freud: A Life for our Time'' (1989) p. 266</ref> Mr. Stadlen tracked down relatives of Mr. Lanzer who said the account handed down by the family was that Freud had helped him overcome shyness so that he could marry.
[[Peter Gay]] concluded in ''[[Freud: A Life for Our Time]]'' (1988) that "apart from a handful of interesting deviations, the case history Freud published generally followed the process notes he made every night".<ref>Gay, p. 262</ref> Patrick Mahony, a psychoanalyst and professor of English at the University of Montreal, has highlighted such discrepancies in his detailed study, ''Freud and the Rat Man,'' published in 1986 by the Yale University Press.
Dr. Mahony said Freud seems to have consistently implied that the case lasted longer than it actually did.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Patrick Mahoney, 'Rat Man']</ref> He also said Freud claimed in a lecture to be able to guess the name of the Rat Man's girlfriend, Gisela, from an anagram, ''Glejisamen'', which the patient had invented.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Mahoney]</ref> Actually, the notes show Freud had learned her name first, and then used it to deduce the meaning of the anagram,<ref>{{cite news
|author=DANIEL GOLEMAN
|title=As a Therapist, Freud Fell Short, Scholars Find
|date=6 March 1990
|work=[[New York Times]]
|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DD133AF935A35750C0A966958260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=4
|accessdate=8 August 2008
}}</ref> although in the actual case-study Freud merely states that "when he told it to me, I could not help noticing that the word was in fact an anagram of the name of his lady".<ref>Freud, p. 105</ref>
Critics have also objected to Freud's downplaying of the role of the Rat Man's mother, and for several deviations on his part from what would later become standard psychoanalytic practice.<ref>Gay, p. 263 and p. 266-7</ref>
===Efficacy of the treatment===
Mahoney accepted that Freud obtained a degree of success in restoring his patient to functional life, though he considered Freud exaggerated the extent of this in his case-study.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Mahoney]</ref> Others have suggested that by concentrating on building [[rapport]] with his patient, at the expense of analyzing the [[negative transference]], Freud merely achieved a temporary transference cure.<ref>Michael Thompson, ''The Truth about Freud's Technique'' (1995) p. 239</ref> Lacan for his part concluded that although he did not "regard the Rat Man as a case that Freud cured", in it "Freud made the fundamental discoveries, which we are still living off, concerning the dynamics and structure of obsessional neurosis".<ref>J. Lacan, ''Écrits: A Selection'' (1997) p. 237-8</ref>
In a letter Freud himself wrote to [[Jung]], shortly after publication of the case study, he claimed of the Rat Man that "he is facing life with courage and ability. The one point that still gives him trouble ([[Father complex|father-complex]] and transference) has shown up clearly in my conversations with this intelligent and grateful man"<ref>McGuire, W: ''The Freud/Jung Letters'', page 255. Princeton University Press, 1974.</ref> – a not insignificant reservation. But while Freud in the case-history had certainly claimed that "the patient's rat delirium had disappeared",<ref>Freud, p. 100</ref> he had also pointed out the limited time and depth of the analysis: "The patient recovered, and his ordinary life began to assert its claims...which were incompatible with a continuation of the treatment".<ref>Freud, p. 88n</ref>
As the average length of time expected of an analysis increased from months to years over the 20th century,<ref>Janet Malcolm, ''Psychoanalysis'' (1989) p. 151</ref> so too the success of the Rat Man's case has perhaps come to resemble rather the symptomatic relief of [[brief psychotherapy]] or [[Michael Balint#Focal psychotherapy|focal psychotherapy]], more than the achievement of a full psychoanalysis.<ref>Gay, p. 245</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist|2|}}
==Further reading==
Mark Kanzer/Jules Glenn, ''Freud and His Patients'' (1980)
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140317135252/http://www.jcfar.org/past_papers/A%20Short%20Account%20of%20Obsessional%20Neurosis%20-%20Hara%20Pepeli.pdf A Short Account of Obsessional Neurosis in Freud and Lacan Pt II]
* [https://www.lacanonline.com/2013/09/reading-the-neurotics-individual-myth-lacans-masterwork-on-obsession/ Jacques Lacan's interpretation of the Rat Man case in his paper 'The Neurotic's Individual Myth' - article on LacanOnline.com]
* [https://www.lacanonline.com/2014/06/video-jacques-lacan-on-obsession-and-the-rat-man-case/ Video explaining Jacques Lacan's analysis of the Rat Man case]
{{Sigmund Freud}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rat Man}}
[[Category:1878 births|Lanzer, Ernst]]
[[Category:1914 deaths|Lanzer, Ernst]]
[[Category:Case studies by Sigmund Freud]]
[[Category:Analysands of Sigmund Freud]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{short description|U.S. politician and 2020 presidential candidate}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pete Buttigieg
| image = Pete Buttigieg by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| caption = Buttigieg in June 2019
| office = 32nd [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of South Bend]]
| term_start = January 1, 2012
| term_end = January 1, 2020
| predecessor = [[Steve Luecke]]
| successor = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]
| birth_name = Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|01|19}}
| birth_place = [[South Bend, Indiana]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Chasten <!-- Public figure infoxboxes use spouse's name prior to marriage -->Glezman|June 16, 2018}}
| mother = J. Anne Montgomery
| father = [[Joseph Buttigieg]]
| education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Pembroke College, Oxford]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| website = {{plainlist|
* {{url|peteforamerica.com|Campaign website}}}}
| allegiance = {{flag|United States of America}}
| branch = {{flag|United States Navy}}
| serviceyears_label = Service years
| serviceyears = 2009–2017
| unit = [[United States Navy Reserve]]
| rank = {{Dodseal|USN lieutenant|23}} [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]]
| battles = [[War in Afghanistan (2001–14)|War in Afghanistan]]
| mawards = {{Dodseal|JSCM|23}} [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
| signature = Pete Buttigieg signature (1).png
}}
{{Pete Buttigieg series}}
'''Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg'''<ref name="Harvard Gazette">{{cite web |title=Phi Beta Kappa elects 92 seniors to Harvard chapter |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/06/phi-beta-kappa-elects-92-seniors-to-harvard-chapter/ |website=[[Harvard Gazette]] |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |date=June 10, 2004}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|uː|t|ə|ˌ|dʒ|ɛ|dʒ}} {{respell|BOOT|ə|jej}};{{efn|Sometimes pronounced {{IPAc-en|-|dʒ|ʌ|dʒ}} {{respell|-|juj}}, but not by Buttigieg himself.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg/index.html|title=How to pronounce Pete Buttigieg|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|date=January 23, 2019|website=[[CNN]] Politics|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=Jan 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last = Aggeler|first = Madeleine|date = March 25, 2019|title = Wait, Sorry, How Do You Pronounce Buttigieg?|url = https://www.thecut.com/2019/03/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg-name.html|magazine = The Cut|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> born January 19, 1982) is an American politician who was [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|mayor of South Bend, Indiana]], from 2012 to 2020. He is a [[Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign|candidate for the Democratic nomination]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election]].
Buttigieg is a graduate of [[Harvard College]] and [[Oxford University]], attending the latter on a [[Rhodes Scholarship]]. He was a consultant at the management consulting firm [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey]] from 2007 to 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianaenr.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/archive/2016General/index.html|title=Secretary of State: Elections Division: Election Foundation Wide|website=Indiana State Government official website|accessdate=January 10, 2012}}</ref> From 2009 to 2017, he was a [[Office of Naval Intelligence|naval intelligence officer]] in the [[United States Navy Reserve]], attaining the rank of [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant]]. He was [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|deployed to Afghanistan]] for seven months in 2014 and was awarded the [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]].<ref name=":7" />
Before running for office, Buttigieg worked on the [[political campaign]]s of the Democrats [[Jill Long Thompson]], [[Joe Donnelly]], and [[John Kerry]]. Buttigieg was the 32nd mayor of South Bend, Indiana, from January 2012 to January 2020. Buttigieg publicly [[Coming out|came out as gay]] in 2015 and was [[2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|reelected]] with over 80% of the vote.<ref name="2015gay">{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-why-coming-out-matters/article_4dce0d12-1415-11e5-83c0-739eebd623ee.html|title=South Bend mayor: Why coming out matters|last=Buttigieg|first=Pete|date=2015-06-16|website=South Bend Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
Buttigieg launched his campaign for the 2020 United States presidential election on April 14, 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/pete-buttigieg-2020-campaign-launch-south-bend-26377ac4-ff83-46d7-b1a4-e43fc1b61325.html|title=Pete Buttigieg teases official 2020 campaign launch|last1=Basu|first1=Zachary|date=April 4, 2019|accessdate=April 8, 2019|website=Axios}}</ref><ref name="Segran-190414">{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90334160/pete-buttigieg-debuts-a-radical-new-approach-to-campaign-branding|title=Pete Buttigieg debuts a radical new approach to campaign branding|last=Segran|first=Elizabeth|date=April 14, 2019|work=[[Fast Company]]|accessdate=April 14, 2019}}</ref> He became the first openly gay person to launch a major presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/pete-buttigieg.html|title=Pete Buttigieg: Who He Is and What He Stands For|last=Epstein|first=Reid J.|date=2019-12-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite initially low expectations, he gained significant momentum in mid-2019 when he participated in several [[Town hall meeting|town halls]], [[2020 Democratic Party presidential forums|forums]], and [[2020 Democratic Party presidential debates|debates]]. Buttigieg narrowly won the pledged delegate count in the [[2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses|Iowa caucuses]] and tied the pledged delegate count in the [[2020 New Hampshire Democratic primary|New Hampshire primary]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Astor|first=Maggie|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/iowa-caucus-delegates-winner.html|title=How Will the Winner of the Iowa Caucuses Be Chosen? Here's What You Should Know|date=2020-02-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-09|last2=Stevens|first2=Matt|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/11/21133087/bernie-sanders-new-hampshire-democratic-primary-winner-2020|title=Bernie Sanders just won the all-important New Hampshire primary|last=Nilsen|first=Ella|date=2020-02-11|website=Vox|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/bernie-won-iowa-popular-vote-buttigieg-electoral-college-2020-2|title=Why Bernie Sanders won Iowa's popular vote, but Pete Buttigieg may win the state's Electoral College|last=Hickey|first=John Haltiwanger, Walt|date=2020-02-07|website=Business Insider Australia|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> He is the first openly gay candidate to earn presidential primary delegates from a major American political party.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2020/02/05/pete-buttigieg-first-openly-gay-candidate-earn-presidential-primary-delegates-nomination/4667796002/ |title=Pete Buttigieg made history in the Iowa caucuses whatever the final results show |publisher=[[The Des Moines Register]] |author=Barbara Rodriguez |date=5 Feb 2020 |accessdate=8 Feb 2020}}</ref>
==Early life and career==
Buttigieg was born on January 19, 1982, in [[South Bend, Indiana]], the only child of Jennifer Anne Montgomery and [[Joseph Buttigieg|Joseph A. Buttigieg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/it-s-been-a-good-trip-father-of-mayor-pete/article_9ef0258f-2f61-5ca0-b42a-1b5c72d1000b.html |title='It's been a good trip.' Father of Mayor Pete Buttigieg dies after illness |first=Victoria |last=St. Martin|work=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=January 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="NYTsuccessor" /> His parents met and married while employed as faculty at New Mexico State University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaniewski.com/obituary/JosephA-Buttigieg|title=Obituary for Joseph A. Buttigieg | Kaniewski Funeral Homes, Inc.|first=Kaniewski Funeral Homes|last=Inc|website=Obituary for Joseph A. Buttigieg | Kaniewski Funeral Homes, Inc.}}</ref> His father was born and raised in [[Hamrun]], [[Malta]], and had studied to be a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] before emigrating to the United States and embarking on a secular career as a professor of literature at [[the University of Notre Dame]] in South Bend,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.patheos.com/blogs/deaconsbench/2019/04/beck-interviews-buttigieg-about-his-faith-and-catholic-roots|title=Beck Interviews Buttigieg About His Faith and Catholic Roots|last=Kandra|first=Deacon G.|date=April 3, 2019|work=The Deacon's Bench|accessdate=April 26, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/wip/sSuEX|archive-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name=Trebay-180618/> where he taught for 29 years.<ref name="Brown-161215">{{cite news|url=https://news.nd.edu/news/hesburgh-yusko-scholars-program-to-seek-new-director-to-replace-retiring-joseph-buttigieg/|title=Hesburgh-Yusko Scholars Program to seek new director to replace retiring Joseph Buttigieg|last=Brown|first=Dennis|date=December 15, 2016|work=Notre Dame News|accessdate=April 16, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/CSRj0|archive-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> His mother was born in [[Stanislaus County, California]],<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://wikipeteia.com/Pete_Buttigieg|title=Pete Buttigieg - Wiki-PETE-ia|website=wikipeteia.com}}</ref> graduated from Radford High School in El Paso, Texas,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/04/jennifer-montgomery-pete-buttigieg-mother/|title=Jennifer Anne Montgomery, Pete Buttigieg's Mother: 5 Fast Facts|first=Erin|last=Laviola|date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> and attended the University of Texas, receiving her BA and MA in 1967;<ref name="auto3"/> her mother was born in Oklahoma,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/2019/06/mayor-petes-cousins/|title=Mayor Pete's cousins|date=June 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/elpaso/obits/2002/022302.txt |title=El Paso Co. Tx. Obits from the El Paso Times, February 23-28, 2002 |website=usgwarchives.net |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119184093/zoe-anne-montgomery|title=Zoe Anne Neal Montgomery (1921-2002) - Find A Grave-gedenkplek}}</ref> and her father was born in Indiana.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119183510/john-willard-montgomery|title=John Willard Montgomery (1910-1973) - Find A Grave-gedenkplek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/02/mayor-pete-who-2020-presidential-candidate-pete-buttigieg/3339673002/|title=Pete Buttigieg: What you need to know about the presidential hopeful|first=Justin L.|last=Mack|website=Indianapolis Star}}</ref>
=== Education ===
Buttigieg was valedictorian of the class of 2000 at [[St. Joseph High School (South Bend, Indiana)|St. Joseph High School]] in South Bend.<ref name="2010Bio">{{cite news|title=Indiana State Treasurer: Pete Buttigieg|url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=October 24, 2010|accessdate=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329053004/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government|archive-date=March 29, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> That year, he won first prize in the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]]'s ''Profiles in Courage'' essay contest. He traveled to Boston to accept the award and met [[Caroline Kennedy]] and other members of President Kennedy's family. The subject of his winning essay was the integrity and political courage of then [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] Bernie Sanders of Vermont, one of only two [[independent politician]]s in Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/education/profile-in-courage-essay-contest/past-winning-essays/2000-winning-essay-by-peter-buttigieg |title=2000 Winning Essay by Peter Buttigieg |first=Tom |last=McNaught |website=[[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]]|date=May 2, 2000|accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name=DeCosta-Klipa-190402>{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2019/04/02/pete-buttigieg-jfk-essay-contest-bernie-sanders |title=An 18-year-old Pete Buttigieg won a JFK Library essay contest. His subject was Bernie Sanders. |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=April 2, 2019 |accessdate=April 3, 2019 |first=Nik |last=DeCosta-Klipa}}</ref>
Buttigieg attended [[Harvard University]], where he majored in history and literature.<ref name=Alfaro-190123>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pete-buttigieg-mayor-of-south-bend-for-president-2020-election-2019-1 |title=Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, launches 2020 presidential bid |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=January 23, 2019 |accessdate=March 25, 2019 |first=Mariana |last=Alfaro}}</ref> He became president of the Student Advisory Committee of the [[Harvard Institute of Politics]] and worked on the institute's annual study of youth attitudes on politics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf |title=Public Service Fast Track Former IOP Student Advisory Committee member Peter Buttigieg '04 elected mayor of South Bend |author=Harvard Institute of Politics |website=[[Harvard University]] |date=January 2012 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028084521/http://www.iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |url-status=live |author-link=Harvard Institute of Politics }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanrhodes.org/assets/attachments/Scholars-Elect_2005_(TARS).pdf |title=American Rhodes Scholars-Elect for 2005 |website=Americanrhodes.org |accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> He wrote his undergraduate thesis, titled ''The Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness'', on the influence of [[puritanism]] on U.S. foreign policy as reflected in [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[The Quiet American]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Quiet_American_s_Errand_Into_the_Wil.html?id=8e1dNwAACAAJ |title=A Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness |first=Pete |last=Buttigieg |newspaper=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/12/rhodes-scholars-announced-2/ |title=Rhodes Scholars announced six talented students are Oxford-bound |first=Ken |last=Gewertz |newspaper=[[Harvard University Gazette]]|date=December 2, 2004 }}</ref> The title of his thesis is also an allusion to American historian [[Perry Miller]]'s work ''Errand into the Wilderness''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674261556 |title=Errand into the Wilderness |first=Perry |last=Miller|newspaper=[[Harvard University Press]]}}</ref>
Upon graduating ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from Harvard in 2004, Buttigieg was elected a member of [[Phi Beta Kappa]]<ref name="Harvard Gazette" /> and awarded a [[Rhodes Scholarship]]; in 2007, he received a master's of arts degree with [[British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours|first-class honours]] in [[philosophy, politics, and economics]] after studying at [[Pembroke College, Oxford]].<ref name = WallaceWells/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/mayor-pete-buttigieg-7-things-you-need-know|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg: 7 things you need to know|date=2019-04-15|website=Washington Week|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> At Oxford, he was an editor of the ''Oxford International Review'',<ref name=timesunion2march/> and was a co-founder<ref name=timesunion2march>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg Plans State Treasurer Run |url=https://timesuniononline.com/Content/Default/News/Article/Buttigieg-Plans-State-Treasurer-Run/-3/224/46004 |newspaper=Times-Union |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=March 2, 2010}}</ref> and member of the Democratic Renaissance Project, an informal debate and discussion group of about a dozen Oxford students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/03/784151111/pete-buttigieg-spent-his-younger-days-pushing-democrats-off-middle-ground|publisher=NPR|date=December 3, 2019|title=Pete Buttigieg Spent His Younger Days Pushing Democrats Off Middle Ground|author=Asma Khalid}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784225281/a-look-back-at-the-beginnings-of-pete-buttigiegs-political-ambitions |title=A Look Back At The Beginnings Of Pete Buttigieg's Political Ambitions |publisher=NPR|date=December 2, 2019|author=Asma Khalid|work=All Things Considered}}</ref>
=== Professional career ===
Before graduating from college, Buttigieg was an investigative intern at [[WMAQ-TV]], Chicago's [[NBC News]] affiliate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feder |first1=Robert |title=NBC 5 mentor Renee Ferguson boosts Pete Buttigieg campaign |url=https://www.robertfeder.com/2019/04/15/nbc-5-mentor-renee-ferguson-boosts-pete-buttigieg-campaign/ |website=Robert Feder |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=April 15, 2019}}</ref> He also interned for Democrat [[Jill Long Thompson]] during her unsuccessful [[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|2002 congressional bid]].{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} In 2006, he lent assistance to [[Joe Donnelly]]'s successful [[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|congressional campaign]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foulkes |first1=Arthur |title=Candidate for state office brings campaign to city |url=http://tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city |newspaper=[[Terre Haute Tribune-Star]] |accessdate=September 21, 2019 |date=April 9, 2010}}</ref>
From 2004 to 2005, Buttigieg was conference director of [[the Cohen Group]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Groppe |first1=Maureen |title=Indiana Democrat getting buzz in DNC race |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/19/indiana-democrat-getting-buzz-dnc-race/97944656/ |newspaper = [[The Indianapolis Star]] |accessdate=October 23, 2019 |date=February 19, 2017}}</ref> For several months in [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]],<ref name=toosmart>{{cite news |last1=Colwell |first1=Jack |title=If only he isn't too smart for the job |work=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=May 16, 2010}}</ref> Buttigieg worked on [[John Kerry]]'s [[John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004|2004 presidential campaign]] as a policy and research specialist.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city |title=Candidate for state office brings campaign to city | first=Arthur |last=Foulkes | newspaper=[[Terre Haute Tribune-Star]]|date =April 8, 2010}}</ref> When he accepted the offer to work for Kerry's campaign, he declined another to work for [[Barack Obama]]'s [[2004 United States Senate election in Illinois|2004 United States Senate campaign]].<ref name=toosmart/>
After earning his Oxford degree, in 2007 Buttigieg became a consultant at the Chicago office of [[McKinsey & Company]],<ref name=10yearsoftaxreturns>{{cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Amy B. |last2=Itkowitz |first2=Colby |title=Pete Buttigieg releases 10 years of tax returns, jabs Trump for not doing the same |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/30/pete-buttigieg-releases-years-tax-returns-jabs-trump-not-doing-same/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 23, 2019 |date=April 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/peter-buttigieg|title=Interview: Peter Buttigieg|date=July 16, 2018|publisher=Princeton University, Innovations for Successful Societies}}</ref> where he worked on energy, retail, economic development, and logistics for three years.<ref name="Truman">{{Cite web|url=http://trumanproject.org/home/team-view/peter-buttigieg/|title=Pete Buttigieg|publisher=[[Truman National Security Project]]|access-date=October 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ashley Balcerzak|url=https://publicintegrity.org/federal-politics/pete-buttigieg-election-president-candidate/|title=9 things to know about Pete Buttigieg|publisher=Center for Public Integrity|date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> His clients at McKinsey included the [[health insurance in the United States|health insurer]] [[Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan]], electronics retailer [[Best Buy]], Canadian supermarket chain [[Loblaws]], two nonprofit environmentalist groups (the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] and Energy Foundation) and several U.S. government agencies (the [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]], [[United States Department of Energy|Energy Department]], [[United States Department of Defense|Defense Department]], and [[United States Postal Service|Postal Service]]).<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 10, 2019|author=Reid J. Epstein & Stephanie Saul|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mckinsey-clients.html|newspaper=New York Times|title=How Pete Buttigieg Spent His McKinsey Days: Blue Cross, Best Buy, U.S. Agencies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=December 10, 2019|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/under-pressure-buttigieg-releases-names-of-former-mckinsey-clients/2019/12/10/3862fb9a-1b9a-11ea-8d58-5ac3600967a1_story.html|title=Under pressure, Buttigieg releases names of former McKinsey clients|authors=Chelsea Janes & Amy B Wang}}</ref> He took a leave of absence from McKinsey in 2008 to become research director for Jill Long Thompson's unsuccessful [[2008 Indiana gubernatorial election|campaign for Indiana governor]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Daniel Strauss|title=Buttigieg releases timeline of McKinsey work|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/06/buttigieg-releases-mckinsey-timeline-077602|work=Politico|date=December 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nwitimes.com/news/history/famous-hoosiers/jill-long-thompson/article_cbb78b0a-4f28-5865-83eb-6afe1f76a53b.html |title=Jill Long Thompson |first=Doug |last=Ross |date=February 9, 2016 |website=The Times of Northwest Indiana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg |title=Pete Buttigieg's Biography |website=[[Project Vote Smart]] |date=January 13, 2014 }}</ref> Buttigieg left McKinsey in 2010 in order to focus full-time on his campaign for Indiana state treasurer.<ref name=10yearsoftaxreturns/>
Buttigieg has been involved with the [[Truman National Security Project]] since 2005 and serves as a fellow with expertise in Afghanistan and Pakistan.<ref name=Truman/> In 2014, he was named to the organization's board of advisors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-named-to-national-security-organizations-board-259842211.html |date=May 19, 2014 |title=Mayor Buttigieg named to national security organization's board |access-date=October 12, 2019 |publisher=[[WNDU-TV]] }}</ref>
=== Military service ===
[[File:Bagram collage.jpg|thumb|214x214px|In 2014, Buttigieg began his deployment at [[Bagram Airfield|Bagram Air Base]] in [[Afghanistan]].|alt=]]
Buttigieg joined the [[U.S. Navy Reserve]] through the [[direct commission officer|direct commission officer (DCO)]] program and was sworn in as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] in naval intelligence in September 2009.<ref name="stripes">{{cite news|title = How Pete Buttigieg went from being a war protester to serving in the Navy|url = https://www.stripes.com/news/us/how-pete-buttigieg-went-from-being-a-war-protester-to-serving-in-the-navy-1.592353|newspaper = [[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]|date = July 29, 2019|accessdate = January 3, 2020}}</ref> In 2014, he took a seven-month leave during his mayoral term to deploy to Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/408662295/Buttigieg-s-Military-Records|title=Buttigieg's Military Records (6.4K views)|website=Scribd|language=en|access-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Erin |last=Blasko|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/navy-reserve-to-deploy-buttigieg-to-afghanistan/article_5ccb3a3a-1bd1-11e3-bec9-0019bb30f31a.html|title = Navy Reserve to deploy Buttigieg to Afghanistan|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=September 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = South Bend mayor back from Afghanistan deployment|url = https://www.navytimes.com/story/military/guard-reserve/2014/09/26/south-bend-mayor-back-from-afghanistan-deployment/16254055|newspaper = [[Navy Times]]|date = September 26, 2014|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> While there, Buttigieg was part of a unit assigned to identify and disrupt terrorist finance networks. Part of this was done at [[Bagram Air Base]], but he was also an armed driver for his commander on more than 100 trips into [[Kabul]]. Buttigieg has jokingly referred to this role as "military [[Uber]]", because he had to watch out for ambushes and explosive devices along the roads and ensure that the vehicle was guarded.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/17/politics/buttigieg-military-service-2020/index.html|title=Buttigieg wields his military credentials: 'It's not like I killed Bin Laden,' but it was dangerous|last=Zeleny|first=Jeff|website=CNN}}</ref> In order to better communicate with the local Afghans, he learned some [[Dari language|Dari]] (a dialect of the [[Persian language]]). Buttigieg was awarded the [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/meet-pete/|title=Meet Pete|website=Pete For America|accessdate=September 5, 2019}}</ref> and resigned his commission from the U.S. Navy Reserve in 2017.<ref name="abcnewsNavyReserve">{{cite news |last1=Pak |first1=Nataly |title=Who is Pete Buttigieg? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/peter-buttigieg/story?id=60731298 |accessdate=March 29, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=January 31, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Jamerson Kesling 2019x">{{cite web | last=Jamerson | first=Joshua | last2=Kesling | first2=Ben | title=Buttigieg Leans In on His Military Service | website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]| date=May 20, 2019 | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/buttigieg-leans-in-on-his-military-service-11558357127 | access-date=June 29, 2019}}</ref>
=== Indiana state treasurer election ===
Buttigieg was the Democratic nominee for [[Indiana State Treasurer|state treasurer of Indiana]] in [[2010 Indiana State Treasurer election|2010]]. He received 37.5% of the vote, losing to Republican incumbent [[Richard Mourdock]].<ref>{{cite report|url = https://indianavoters.in.gov/PublicContent/Historical/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf|title = 2010 Indiana Election Report|page = 66|date = 2010|publisher = Indiana Election Division, Indiana state government}}</ref><ref name="Groppe-190414">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/04/14/pete-buttigieg-faces-hurdles-2020-white-house-bid-heres-why/3440568002/|title=Rising star? 7 hurdles facing Democrat Pete Buttigieg's 2020 presidential campaign|last=Groppe|first=Maureen|date=April 14, 2019|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref>
== Mayor of South Bend, Indiana ==
===Election and transition===
[[Image:PeteButtigieg (1).JPG|thumb|right|Buttigieg campaign photo for [[Indiana State Treasurer]] in March 2010]]
Buttigieg was elected [[mayor of South Bend]] in the [[2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|November 2011 election]], with 10,991 of the 14,883 votes cast (74%).<ref name="fuller2014">{{cite news|last1=Fuller|first1=Jaime|title=The most interesting mayor you've never heard of|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/03/10/the-most-interesting-mayor-youve-never-heard-of/|accessdate=June 19, 2015|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=March 10, 2014}}</ref> He took office in January 2012 at age 29, becoming the second-youngest mayor in South Bend history—[[Schuyler Colfax III]] became mayor at age 28 in 1898<ref>{{cite web| last=Sloma| first=Tricia| date=November 9, 2011| title=Pete Buttigieg becomes second youngest mayor in South Bend| url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Pete_Buttigieg_becomes_second_youngest_mayor_in_South_Bend_133521918.html| website=[[WNDU-TV]]| location=South Bend, Indiana| accessdate=April 12, 2019}}</ref>—and the youngest mayor of a U.S. city with at least 100,000 residents.<ref name="fuller2014" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg|url=http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/department/mayor-pete-buttigieg|publisher=City of South Bend|accessdate=June 19, 2015}}</ref>
In 2011, as South Bend's mayor-elect, Buttigieg supported [[John Broden]] in his successful bid to become St. Joseph County Democratic Party chairman.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |title=Behind scenes as Butch resigns |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=October 20, 2011 |volume=17 |issue=10 |page=5 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI111020.pdf |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref>
=== First term ===
====Policing====
In 2012, after a federal investigation ruled that South Bend police had illegally recorded telephone calls of several officers, Buttigieg demoted police chief Darryl Boykins.<ref name="TimelineCareer">{{cite news|title = From youngest mayor to Smart Streets: A timeline of Pete Buttigieg's political career|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/from-youngest-mayor-to-smart-streets-a-timeline-of-pete/article_74f5ca74-ddb4-5bc3-915f-a4773c7db8f8.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|date = December 17, 2018|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg also dismissed the department's communications director, the one who had actually "discovered the recordings but continued to record the line at Boykins' command".<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> The police communications director alleged that the recordings captured four senior police officers making racist remarks and discussing illegal acts.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/><ref name="Buckley">{{cite web|last1=Buckley|first1=Madeline|last2=Wright|first2=Lincoln|title=Judge's ruling on police wiretap tapes leaves questions unanswered|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/judge-s-ruling-on-police-wiretap-tapes-leaves-questions-unanswered/article_463c08a0-9c3e-11e4-abb2-47b9f9547b68.html|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> The city is 26% black, but only 6% of the police force is black.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/02/737976138/buttigieg-tries-again-to-woo-black-voters-amid-race-controversy-in-his-hometown|title=Buttigieg Tries Again To Woo Black Voters Amid Race Controversy In His Hometown|website=[[NPR]]|accessdate=October 28, 2019}}</ref>
Buttigieg has written that his "first serious mistake as mayor" came shortly after taking office in 2012, when he decided to ask for Boykins's resignation. The city's first ever [[African-American police]] chief accepted the request. However, the next day, backed by supporters and legal counsel, Boykin requested reinstatement. When Buttigieg denied this request, Boykin sued the city for racial discrimination,<ref>{{cite web |title=Years-old controversy surrounding secret police tapes is newly relevant amid Pete Buttigieg's rise |url=https://m.cnn.com/en/article/h_674f0bdf6334d3bdeeba13a137add954 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019}}</ref> arguing that the taping policy had existed under previous police chiefs, who were white.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Easley |first1=Jonathan |title=Secret tapes linger over Buttigieg's meteoric rise |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/438669-secret-tapes-linger-over-buttigiegs-meteoric-rise |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019|date=April 15, 2019 }}</ref> Buttigieg settled the suits brought by Boykins and the four officers out of court for over $800,000.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Peterson|first1=Mark|title=Largest settlement yet on SB police tapes case|url=http://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Largest-settlement-yet-on-SB-poilce-tapes-case--246962351.html|website=[[WNDU-TV]]|accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> A federal judge ruled in 2015 that Boykins's recordings violated the [[Electronic Communications Privacy Act|Federal Wiretap Act]].<ref name="Buckley"/> Buttigieg came under pressure from political opponents to release the tapes, but said that doing so would be a violation of the Wiretap Act.<ref name="Buckley"/> He called for the eradication of racial bias in the police force.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> An Indiana court is hearing a case for the release of the tapes.<ref name=":4" />
South Bend adopted the [[National Network for Safe Communities#Group Violence Intervention|National Network for Safe Communities’ Group Violence Intervention approach]] in 2014.<ref name=2015stateofcity>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=FULL TEXT: Mayor Buttigieg's State of the City Address 2015 |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2015/03/11/full-text-mayor-buttigiegs-state-of-the-city-address-2015/ |publisher=The South Bend Voice |accessdate=19 November 2019 |date=11 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fillmore |first1=James |title="Group" violence intervention is working for South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/group-violence-intervention-is-working-for-south-bend |publisher=WSBT |accessdate=19 November 2019 |date=22 July 2014}}</ref>
====Urban development and blight removal initiatives====
As mayor, Buttigieg promoted the transformation of the former Studebaker plant location into a technology park named [[Ignition Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Company Town Reinvents Itself In South Bend, Ind. |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/07/05/155916837/a-company-town-reinvents-itself-in-south-bend-ind |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=October 28, 2019 |date=June 28, 2012}}</ref> He oversaw the city's launching of a [[3-1-1]] system in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=Mayor Buttigieg Announces Re-Election Bid |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/11/18/mayor-buttigieg-announces-re-election-bid/ |publisher=South Bend Voice |accessdate=September 17, 2019 |date=November 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2013budgetproposal">{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Mayor's budget calls for 'smart streets' |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-s-budget-calls-for-smart-streets/article_c2e13f62-0548-11e3-b024-0019bb30f31a.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |language=en |date=15 August 2013}}</ref>
One of the major private developments to go through the city's approval process during Buttigieg's first term was a pair of seven-story condominiums along the [[St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)|St. Joseph River]], across the river from [[Century Center (South Bend)|Century Center]].<ref name=greenlight1/><ref name=breaksground1/> In December 2013, the Area Board of Zoning Appeals approved the approximately $38.5 million development.<ref name=greenlight1>{{cite web |title=Green light for downtown South Bend Cascade Condominium project |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/green-light-for-downtown-south-bend-cascade-condominium-project |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> It broke ground in 2018.<ref name=breaksground1>{{cite web |last1=Fixler |first1=Hayley |title=Multi-million dollar condominium complex breaks ground in South Bend |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/multi-million-dollar-condominium-complex-breaks-ground-in-south-bend |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> The city ultimately invested $5 million in related projects, such as an adjoining section of riverwalk.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peterson |first1=Mark |title='Glass house' condos coming to South Bend river front |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Glass-house-condos-coming-to-South-Bend-river-front-477445253.html |publisher=WNDU |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref>
As mayor, Buttigieg was a leading figure behind the creation of a nightly laser-light display along downtown South Bend's St. Joseph River trail as public art. The project cost $700,000, which was raised from private funds.<ref name=Sikich>{{cite news|last = Sikich|first = Chris|date = March 21, 2019|title = Pete Buttigieg says he's mayor of a turnaround city. Here's how that claim stands up|url = https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/21/pete-buttigieg-democratic-presidential-hopeful-south-bend-indiana-turnaround-city/3165477002|newspaper = [[The Indianapolis Star]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> The "River Lights" installation was unveiled in May 2015 as part of the city's 150th anniversary celebrations.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/>
By the end of Buttigieg's first term, South Bend had sold off 71 city-owned properties.<ref name=mothballednomore>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Mothballed no more: South Bend selling city-owned land for new projects |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/mothballed-no-more-south-bend-selling-city-owned-land-for/article_2fdd294a-c052-5d8d-bdbb-3ca596d5b68f.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=10 January 2016}}</ref> A significant example was the former [[Bendix Corporation]] headquarters and factory, which the city sold to Curtis Products in 2014.<ref name=mothballednomore/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Curtis Products celebrates move |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/keynews/localeconomy/curtis-products-celebrates-move/article_17e22930-8a74-11e3-a2db-0017a43b2370.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=31 January 2014}}</ref> In late 2014 and early 2015, South Bend negotiated the sale of the city-owned Blackthorn Golf Course.<ref>{{cite web |title=Final purchase agreement approved in sale of SB Blackthorn Golf Course |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Final-purchase-agreemet-approved-for-sale-of-SB-Backthorn-Golf-Course-288733121.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name=sellblackthornwndu1>{{cite web |last1=Peterson |first1=Mark |title=South Bend considers selling Blackthorn, Elbel golf courses |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/South-Bend-considers-selling-Blackthorn-Elbel-golf-courses--274671731.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> The [[LaSalle Hotel (South Bend, Indiana)|LaSalle Hotel]] was sold to developers in 2015 for conversion into apartments.<ref name=mothballednomore/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Officials celebrate LaSalle Hotel revamp |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/officials-celebrate-lasalle-hotel-revamp/article_b304a3f2-6fcc-5904-a95f-b7b3d8ec95d7.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=25 April 2015}}</ref>
In his budget proposal for the 2014 fiscal year, Buttigieg proposed combining South Bend's Code Enforcement, Animal Control, and Building Department into a single Department of Building Services to save costs and improve efficiency.<ref name=2013budgetproposal/> The proposal failed, and the three have remained separate departments.<ref>{{cite web |title=DEPARTMENTS & DIVISIONS |url=https://southbendin.gov/department/ |publisher=South Bend |accessdate=20 November 2019}}</ref>
One of Buttigieg's signature programs has been the "Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative"; known locally as "1,000 Properties in 1,000 Days", it is a project to repair or demolish blighted properties across South Bend.<ref name="VAHI">{{cite web|title=Vacant & Abandoned Properties Initiative|url=http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative|publisher=City of South Bend|accessdate=June 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112180402/http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative|archive-date=November 12, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Blasko|first1=Erin|title=1,000 properties in 1,000 days|url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-28/news/37337888_1_mayor-pete-buttigieg-properties-neighborhoods|accessdate=September 24, 2014|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=February 28, 2013}}</ref> The program reached its goal two months before its scheduled end date in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Progress Update |url=https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update |publisher=City of South Bend |date=July 10, 2017 |accessdate=July 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808075017/https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By the thousandth day of the program, before Buttigieg's first term ended, nearly 40% of the targeted houses were repaired, and 679 were demolished or under contract for demolition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/VA-Community-Update-Presentation.pdf|title=Vacant and Abandoned Properties, 1,000 Houses in 1,000 Days: Community Update|last=|first=|date=December 7, 2015|website=City of South Bend|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg took note of the fact that many homes within communities of color were the ones demolished, leading to early distrust between the city and these communities.<ref name = "vox">{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/6/27/18759807/pete-buttigieg-town-hall-protesters-police-shooting-2020 |title=Pete Buttigieg and the controversy around racial tensions in South Bend, explained|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|accessdate=October 28, 2019|date=June 27, 2019}}</ref>
====Service in Afghanistan====
Buttigieg served for seven months in Afghanistan as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy Reserve, returning to the United States on September 23, 2014.<ref name="ReturntoUSA">{{cite news|last1=Bell|first1=Kyle|title=Mayor Buttigieg Reports Being Back on US Soil|url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/09/24/mayor-buttigieg-reports-being-back-on-us-soil/ |accessdate=September 24, 2014|website=South Bend Voice}}</ref> While deployed, he was assigned to the [[Afghan Threat Finance Cell]], a counterterrorism unit that targeted [[Taliban insurgency]] financing.<ref>{{cite news|last = Buttigieg|first = Pete|date = October 5, 2014|title = Buttigieg reflects on Afghanistan and return to South Bend |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-reflects-on-afghanistan-and-return-to-south-bend/article_8f27067e-a123-525e-9bab-4d8c52e479ae.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Blasko|first = Erin|date = June 22, 2014|title = From South Bend to Afghanistan: Buttigieg opens up about military mission|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/politics/from-south-bend-to-afghanistan/article_376699a6-f9f2-11e3-b178-0017a43b2370.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> In his absence, Deputy Mayor Mark Neal, South Bend's city [[Comptroller#United States|comptroller]], served as executive from February 2014 until Buttigieg returned to his role as mayor in October 2014.<ref name="fuller2014" /><ref name="ReturntoUSA"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Former South Bend deputy mayor appointed to IEDC board |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/former-south-bend-deputy-mayor-appointed-to-iedc-board/article_b4192f2a-a28b-11e5-b4b9-6727c95340be.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 14, 2015}}</ref>
====RFRA opposition====
In 2015, during the controversy over [[Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)|Indiana Senate Bill 101]]—the original version of which was widely criticized for allowing discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people—Buttigieg emerged as a leading opponent of the legislation. Before his reelection campaign, he came out as gay to express his solidarity with the LGBTQ community.<ref name=2015gay /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/SB-mayor-business-owners-speak-out-against-religious-freedom-act-297838631.html|title=SB mayor, business owners speak out against religious freedom act|last=Catanzarite|first=Maria|date=March 27, 2015|website=[[WNDU-TV]]|access-date=April 10, 2019}}</ref>
====Other====
In 2014, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' called Buttigieg "the most interesting mayor you've never heard of" based on his youth, education, and military background.<ref name="fuller2014"/>
=== Second term ===
[[File:Downtown South Bend from South East.jpg|thumb|215x215px|The [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] 150th Anniversary festivities, where Buttigieg performed live with singer-songwriter [[Ben Folds]]]]
====Reelection in 2015====
In 2014, Buttigieg announced that he would seek a second term.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bell|first1=Kyle|title=Mayor Buttigieg Announces Re-Election Bid|url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/11/18/mayor-buttigieg-announces-re-election-bid/ |accessdate=November 18, 2014|website=South Bend Voice|date=November 18, 2014}}</ref> He won the Democratic primary with 78% of the vote, defeating Henry Davis Jr., the city councilman from the Second District.<ref>{{cite web|first=Diane |last=Daniels |first2=Annie |last2=Chang |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-winner-of-democratic-primary-for-south-bend-mayor-race |title=Pete Buttigieg winner of Democratic primary for South Bend mayor race |website=[[WSBT-TV]] |date=May 20, 2015 |accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> In November 2015, he was elected to his second term as mayor with over 80% of the vote, defeating Republican Kelly Jones by a margin of 8,515 to 2,074 votes.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Peterson |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg wins re-election |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-vies-for-second-term-as-South-Bend-mayor-340002362.html |website=[[WNDU-TV]] |date=November 3, 2015 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref>
====Housing, transportation, parks, and infrastructure====
In a new phase of the Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative, South Bend partnered with the Notre Dame Clinical Law Center to provide free legal assistance to qualifying applicants wishing to acquire vacant lots and, with local nonprofits, to repair or construct homes and provide low-income home ownership assistance using South Bend HUD ([[Housing and Urban Development]]) funds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/initiative/vacant-abandoned-properties/|title=Vacant & Abandoned Properties|website=southbendin.gov|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sbheritage.org/spaces/homes/|title=Homes|website=South Bend Heritage Foundation|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref> He increased city funding levels for home construction and improvement in the 2018 South Bend budget via several programs, including the UEA (Urban Enterprise Association) Pilot Home Repair Program, a grant intended to improve low-income residents' quality of life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/south-bend-home-repair/|title=South Bend Home Repair |website=southbendin.gov |access-date=October 15, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wvpe.org/post/home-repairs-strengthen-community-ties-south-bend |title=Home Repairs Strengthen Community Ties In South Bend |last=Anguiano |first=Barb |website=WVPE |date=July 30, 2018 |access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Sikich/>
In 2013, Buttigieg proposed a "Smart Streets" urban development program to improve South Bend's downtown area,<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> and in early 2015—after traffic studies and public hearings—he secured a [[bond issue]] for the program backed by [[tax increment financing]].<ref name="Blasko">{{cite news|last = Blasko|first = Erin|date = January 30, 2015|title = Smart Streets bond clears key hurdle|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/smart-streets-bond-clears-key-hurdle/article_d0ba3d7a-1b4c-5b9a-bd66-09e780a3ecdb.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ParrottSmart">{{cite news|first=Jeff |last=Parrott |title=How much has Smart Streets driven downtown South Bend's turnaround? |date=March 17, 2018 |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/how-much-has-smart-streets-driven-downtown-south-bend-s/article_493dc5c2-cd5a-5c17-ac8c-254c5362504b.html|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref> "Smart Streets" was aimed at improving economic development and urban vibrancy as well as road safety.<ref name="Vibrant">{{cite news|last = Buttigieg|first = Pete|date = June 16, 2017|title = Mayor: Smart Streets will mean a more vibrant downtown South Bend|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/mayor-smart-streets-will-mean-a-more-vibrant-downtown-south/article_edaa6a25-e336-597a-a396-feb481e9927e.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> The project involved the conversion of one-way streets in downtown to two-way streets, traffic-calming measures, the widening of sidewalks, streetside beautification (including the planting of trees and installation of decorative brickwork), the addition of bike lanes<ref name="ParrottSmart" /> and the introduction of roundabouts.<ref name="Vibrant"/> Elements of the project were finished in 2016,<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> and it was officially completed in 2017.<ref name="Vibrant"/> The project was credited with spurring private development in the city.<ref name="ParrottSmart"/>
Under Buttigieg, South Bend invested $50 million in the city's parks, many of which had been neglected during the preceding decades;<ref name=Sikich/> the city also began a "smart sewer" program, the first phase of which was finished in 2017 at a cost of $150 million.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged">{{cite web |last1=Gardner |first1=Drew |title=How has South Bend changed under Mayor Buttigieg's leadership? |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/how-has-south-bend-changed-under-mayor-buttigiegs-leadership |website=[[WBND-LD]] |accessdate=October 28, 2019 |date=April 14, 2019}}</ref> The effort utilized federal funds<ref name="madecheaper">{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg's South Bend Sewer Fixes Made Cheaper by IOT |url=https://www.ourdailyplanet.com/story/mayor-pete-buttigiegs-south-bend-sewer-fixes-made-cheaper-by-iot/ |website=Our Daily Planet |accessdate=October 28, 2019|date=May 2019 }}</ref> and by 2019 had reduced the combined sewer overflow by 75%.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged" /> The impetus for the effort was a fine that the [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] had levied against the city in 2011 for [[Clean Water Act]] violations.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged" />
By 2019, the city had seen $374 million in private investment for [[mixed-use development]]s since Buttigieg had taken office.<ref>{{cite web |last=Guarino |first=Mark |title=Can Pete Buttigieg replicate his success in South Bend nationally? |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/news/can-pete-buttigieg-replicate-his-success-south-bend-nationally |work=[[Crain's Chicago Business]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Sikich/> In 2016, the City of South Bend partnered with the State of Indiana and private developers to break ground on a $165 million renovation of the former [[Studebaker]] complex, with the aim to make the complex home to tech companies and residential condos.<ref name=swoon>{{cite web |last1=Colombo |first1=Hayleigh |title=Some national Democrats swoon over South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg |url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/65820-some-national-democrats-swoon-over-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg |work=Indiana Business Journal |accessdate=November 14, 2019 |date=October 12, 2017}}</ref> This development is in the so-called "Renaissance District", which includes nearby Ignition Park.<ref name=howhassoutbendchanged/><ref>{{cite report |title=Marquee Project <nowiki>|</nowiki> Section 6 |website=regionalcitiesofnorthernindiana.org }}</ref> In 2017, it was announced that the long-abandoned Studebaker Building 84 (also known as "Ivy Tower") would have its exterior renovated with $3.5 million in Regional Cities funds from the State of Indiana and $3.5 million from South Bend tax increment financing, with plans for the building and other structures in its complex to serve as a technology hub.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend Studebaker plant ready for massive facelift |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-studebaker-plant-ready-for-massive-facelift/article_661dd3cb-c4ff-5969-9d69-cbf746e30316.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=July 3, 2017}}</ref> While many aspects of South Bend had improved by 2016, a [[Princeton University]] study found that the rate of [[eviction]]s in the city had worsened, more than doubling since Buttigieg took office.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged"/>
In January 2019, Buttigieg launched the South Bend Home Repair initiative. This expanded the existing South Bend Home Repair Pilot, which helps make available funds to assist residents with home repairs, through the use of $600,000 in city funding (double what the city had earlier pledged to the program) and $300,000 in [[block grants]].<ref name=jan152019>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Caleb |title=South Bend officials highlight home repair programs |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-officials-highlight-home-repair-programs/article_f6cc225b-d89e-5bb0-9a17-7f6bff70255f.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 15, 2019}}</ref> It also created two new programs. The first of these is the South Bend Green Corps, which makes funds available to lower-income homeowners for such uses as energy-saving measures and basic weatherization, the installation of [[Smoke detector|smoke]] and [[Carbon monoxide detector|carbon monoxide]] detectors, lead tests, and energy bill review. It also provides education on reducing energy bills.<ref name=jan152019/> The South Bend Green Corps was funded with $290,000 from the city and $150,000 from [[AmeriCorps]].<ref name=jan152019/> The second program is Love Your Block, which assists citizen groups and local nonprofits in revitalizing neighborhoods, and which was funded with $25,000 from the city and $25,000 from the nonprofit Cities of Service.<ref name=jan152019/>
Buttigieg had been arranging a deal under which the city's parks department would sell Elbel Golf Course to developers for $747,500.<ref name=elbeljan2016>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend drops bid to sell Elbel Golf Course |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-drops-bid-to-sell-elbel-golf-course/article_53c90842-c6c2-11e5-986f-db91d0b2b612.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 30, 2016}}</ref> In January 2016, amid public pressure, the city dropped the plan.<ref name=elbeljan2016/> The idea had been floated in 2014, when the city was exploring selling the Blackthorn golf course,<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/> but began to gain momentum in 2015.<ref name=elbelmarch2015>{{cite web |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Zac |title=Elbel sale possible in the future |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/elbel-sale-possible-in-the-future |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=March 3, 2015}}</ref> Buttigieg had justified the plan to sell the city-owned golf course by claiming that residents found [[golf]] to be a low priority, that the course had failed to turn a profit for over five years, and that the city was subsidizing rounds of golf at about $2 per round.<ref name=elbeljan2016/> Buttigieg characterized the course as a drain on the city's finances.<ref name=elbelmarch2015/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Small |first1=Taurean |title=South Bend Mayor: Elbel Park is a drain on city funds |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-elbel-park-is-a-drain-on-city-funds |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=February 4, 2016}}</ref> Opposition arose, with concerns that the sale would limit public access to the land and endanger the protection of [[wetland]]s surrounding it.<ref name=elbeljan2016/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Who is 'Elbel for Everyone'? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/who-is-elbel-for-everyone/article_119bf6bb-f610-5681-ade2-3d9f17902176.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> At {{convert|313|acre}},<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Group wants Parks Board to withdraw support for Elbel Golf Course sale |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/group-wants-parks-board-to-withdraw-support-for-elbel-golf/article_95116d81-344a-50f7-95cb-91b9344a443a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vivian |first1=Krystal |title=Potential sale of Elbel golf course could be decided in the fall |url=https://www.953mnc.com/2015/07/28/pete-buttigieg/ |website=95.3 MNC |publisher=WTRC-FM |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> Elbel constituted the city's largest park.<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/><ref name=klee1>{{cite web |last1=Klee |first1=Ricky |title=Viewpoint: Diversity has fallen in Mayor Pete Buttigieg's administration |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=July 22, 2017}}</ref> The park, while owned by the city, is outside city boundaries.<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/> The original plan Buttigieg outlined for the sale would have allowed it to be developed freely by the buyer.<ref name=klee1/>
Buttigieg supported a proposed high-rise development in South Bend's East Bank neighborhood<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council rejects 12-story high-rise apartment building |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-rejects--story-high-rise-apartment-building/article_0014ba80-45cd-5670-a996-59cc508be26b.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Why did South Bend's East Bank high-rise fail? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/why-did-south-bend-s-east-bank-high-rise-fail/article_b7ea2c34-9f92-5c56-88ef-3ef5d1ea9a5b.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref> that would greatly exceed the existing height ordinances.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klee |first1=Ricky |title=Viewpoint: Diversity has fallen in Mayor Pete Buttigieg's administration |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=July 22, 2017}}</ref><ref name=feb272017>{{cite web |last1=Kennedy |first1=Danielle |title=Building height limit raised to make way for high-rise apartments in South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/building-height-limit-raised-to-make-way-for-high-rise-apartments-in-south-bend |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> In the weeks after the Common Council voted against the development in December 2016, Buttigieg and his administration negotiated a new compromise plan with the developer, Matthews LLC, that reduced the height from twelve stories to nine.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Bob |title=South Bend, developer reach compromise on high-rise project |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/south-bend-developer-reach-compromise-on-high-rise-project/article_3e3880ba-d1cb-11e6-afd2-67d8a1beb12e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 4, 2017}}</ref> In January 2017, the Common Council voted to approve a ten-year [[Tax holiday|tax abatement]] for the $35 million development.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council supports East Bank high-rise, supermarket |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-supports-east-bank-high-rise-supermarket/article_9751606a-9d19-5d58-a0b8-27e1d72a47d8.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> In February, the Common Council raised the height limits for the East Bank neighborhood to facilitate the development.<ref name=feb272017/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council approves East Bank high-rise building |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-east-bank-high-rise-building/article_56f0d318-fd64-11e6-89a7-53b327f97d48.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=February 28, 2017}}</ref> The city later committed $5 million in tax increment financing to the project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend backs down in high-rise standoff with developer Dave Matthews |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-backs-down-in-high-rise-standoff-with-developer/article_2061c4fe-66d4-51c1-9638-a5e7aacb6b1e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=August 29, 2019}}</ref>
In September 2019, the city of South Bend finalized a long-anticipated agreement with St. Joseph County to jointly fund the county's $18 million share of the project to [[Double-track railway|double-track]] the South Shore Line.<ref name=sbtdowntownstation1/><ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana counties back funding for South Shore rail project |url=https://www.wthr.com/article/indiana-counties-back-funding-south-shore-rail-project |agency=[[Associated Press]] |website=[[WTHR-TV]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 22, 2019}}</ref>
Beginning in August 2018, Buttigieg promoted the idea of moving the city's [[South Shore Line]] [[South Bend Airport station|station]] from [[South Bend International Airport]] to the city's downtown.<ref name="sbtdowntownstation1">{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor's push for downtown South Shore station raises new questions |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-s-push-for-downtown-south-shore-station/article_fc015328-a88a-5ae8-bca1-3e8932e81ac5.html |website=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=August 18, 2018|accessdate=April 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="sbtdowntownstation1"/> He made it a goal to have the city complete this project by 2025.<ref name=engineeringstudy>{{cite web |title=Engineering study approved for proposed South Shore Line station in downtown South Bend |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/engineering-study-approved-for-proposed-south-shore-line-station-in/article_e0936478-c4ce-58ca-bc83-0e3a7bee6aa0.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 17, 2018}}</ref> Buttigieg's earlier budgets had allotted funding to the existing South Shore Relocation project,<ref name=2018budgetproposalwsbt/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Tommie |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg presents 2018 budget plan |url=https://www.953mnc.com/2017/08/17/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-presents-2018-budget-plan/ |website=953 MNC |publisher=[[WTRC-FM]] |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> which would have moved the station to a different end of the South Bend International Airport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booker |first1=Ted |title=St. Joseph County plans to study options for South Shore rail line to west side of airport |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/st-joseph-county-plans-to-study-options-for-south-shore/article_ab1d2b5e-dd51-5db5-abe8-2d6c301a2484.html |website=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=April 10, 2019 |date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg's new push for a downtown station engendered suggestions of other possible locations. Buttigieg ordered a study of five location options, including his personally preferred downtown option, as well as two that would keep the station at the airport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booker |first1=Ted |title=St. Joseph County plans to study options for South Shore rail line to west side of airport |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/our_opinion/editorial-confused-about-the-south-shore-plan-in-south-bend/article_f4986d55-822b-5a00-9dbe-4c33a6b27429.html |website=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 10, 2019 |date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Of the five, the downtown location was found to be the priciest, but also the one with the greatest potential economic impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Bend Station Alternatives |url=https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AECOM-CSB-SSL-Feasibility-Study-Presentation-20180419.pdf |publisher=AECOM |accessdate=May 31, 2019 |date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> In December 2018, an engineering study was commissioned to further examine the cost of a downtown station.<ref name=engineeringstudy/>
In 2019, South Bend launched Commuters Trust, a new [[Employer transportation benefits in the United States|transportation benefit program]] created in collaboration with local employers and transportation providers (including [[South Bend TRANSPO]] and [[Lyft]]) and made possible by a $1 million three-year grant from [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] Mayors Challenge.<ref>{{cite web |title=CITY LAUNCHES COMMUTER BENEFIT PROGRAM IN PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL EMPLOYERS |url=https://southbendin.gov/2019/10/21/city-launches-commuter-benefit-program-in-partnership-with-local-employers/ |publisher=South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 15, 2019 |date=October 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Semmler |first1=Ed |title=IN: South Bend ride-sharing program solves transportation problems for workers |url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/alt-mobility/shared-mobility/car-sharing/news/21111228/in-south-bend-ridesharing-program-solves-transportation-problems-for-workers |work=Mass Transit Magazine |accessdate=November 15, 2019 |date=October 22, 2019}}</ref>
During Buttigieg's tenure, Downtown South Bend saw roughly $200 million in private investment.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Phillip |first1=Abby |title=Pete Buttigieg leaves behind economic progress and racial tensions in South Bend |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend/index.html |publisher=CNN |accessdate=5 January 2020 |date=31 December 2019}}</ref>
====Police and fire services====
In late September 2017, in his budget proposal for the 2020 fiscal year, Buttigieg sought Common Council approval to create the new position of Director of Public Safety, which would have oversight over the city's fire and police chiefs.<ref name=safetydivision1/><ref name=psd1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor wants new public safety director position |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-mayor-wants-new-public-safety-director-position/article_0daf60df-c364-58ba-860d-d8098d57ee3d.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 29, 2019}}</ref> Such a position had existed in South Bend during the mayoralties of Jerry Miller and [[Peter Nemeth (politician)|Peter Nemeth]]; Nemeth eliminated the position in 1976.<ref name=psd2/> Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year earmarked $105,000 for the position's salary, which was more than the salary of the fire chief or police chief at the time.<ref name=psd1/><ref name=psd2>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend police oppose mayor's request to create new public safety director position |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-police-oppose-mayor-s-request-to-create-new/article_fb14dd00-2b7e-5bc0-9deb-efd8b0c37239.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cardone |first1=Jen |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg discusses possible new safety director position |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-discusses-possible-new-safety-director-position-449527313.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> The plan was opposed by members of the fire and police forces, including the local [[Fraternal Order of Police]] lodge.<ref name=psd2/><ref name=safetydivision1/> Criticisms included claims that it was unfair to both the fire and police chiefs to create an additional layer of bureaucracy between them and the mayor.<ref name=psd2/> The Common Council rejected Buttigieg's proposal,<ref name=safetydivision1>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Max |title=Buttigieg, South Bend FOP at odds over the mayor's proposed public safety division |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/buttigieg-south-bend-fop-at-odds-over-the-mayors-proposed-public-safety-division |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> and he rescinded the request.<ref name="2019budgetsbt1">{{cite web |title=South Bend Council approves $368M city budget for 2019 |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-m-city-budget-for/article_c845217e-4497-5539-9399-02b0fdeea76a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 9, 2018}}</ref> In late October 2019, it was announced that the South Bend Mayor's Office would have a slightly different new division, the Division of Community Initiatives.<ref name=divisionofcommunityinitiatives1>{{cite web |last1=Connin |first1=Katlin |title=South Bend adding brand-new division to the mayor's office |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-adding-brand-new-division-to-the-mayors-office |publisher=WBST-TV |accessdate=November 4, 2019 |date=October 28, 2019}}</ref> This is budgeted to be launched in 2020, when Buttigieg's successor will take office. Buttigieg supported this department's creation.<ref name=divisionofcommunityinitiatives1/>
In September 2018, South Bend sent roughly 20 members of its fire department's Swift Water Rescue Group to [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], to assist in anticipation of [[Hurricane Florence]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg talks city budget, 9/11 anniversary |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor--493041261.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hand |first1=Tackora |title=Indiana National Guard trains for disaster response |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/1998425/indiana-national-guard-trains-for-disaster-response/ |publisher=United States National Guard |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 25, 2019}}</ref>
After a white South Bend police officer shot and killed Eric Logan, an African-American man, in June 2019, Buttigieg was drawn from his presidential campaign to focus on the emerging public reaction. Body cameras were not turned on during Logan's death.<ref name ="nytimes">{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |first2=Richard A., Jr. |last2=Oppel |date=August 30, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/30/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-police.html |title=Pete Buttigieg Was Rising. Then Came South Bend's Policing Crisis. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Soon after Logan's death, Buttigieg presided over a town hall attended by disaffected activists from the African-American community as well as relatives of the deceased man. The local police union accused Buttigieg of making decisions for political gain.<ref name=Gabriel-190624>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-shooting.html | title=A New Test for Pete Buttigieg: Does He Feel Their Pain? | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 24, 2019 | accessdate=June 25, 2019 | first=Trip | last=Gabriel | first2=Reid J. | last2=Epstein}}</ref><ref name=Steinhauser-190625>{{cite news | url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/south-bend-police-union-slams-buttigieg | title=South Bend police union slams Buttigieg over response to police shooting of black man | work=[[Fox News]] | date=June 25, 2019 | accessdate=June 25, 2019 | first=Paul | last=Steinhauser | first2=Andres | last2=del Aguila}}</ref> In November 2019, Buttigieg secured $180,000 to commission a review of South Bend's police department policies and practices to be conducted by Chicago-based consulting firm 21CP Solutions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mazurek |first1=Marek |title=Reactions varied at latest community meeting about South Bend Police |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/some-at-latest-community-meeting-about-south-bend-police-feel/article_0ba4749a-ca9b-593e-9830-698f8be75ebd.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=November 9, 2019}}</ref>
During Buttigieg's tenure, the city's police force continued to struggle with a high homicide rate; the annual number of murders in South Bend was 18 in 2012, 9 in 2013, 17 in 2014, 7 in 2015, 14 in 2016, 15 in 2017, and 13 in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-murder-count-remains-steady-under-buttigiegs-watch|title=South Bend's murder count remains in double digits under most of Buttigieg's watch|newspaper=[[WBND-LD]]|date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>
====Other civic matters====
Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included items to address various public health concerns,<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a>{{cite web |last1=Rivest |first1=Sarah |title=Mayor Buttigieg introduces budget proposal for 2018 |url=https://abc57.com/news/mayor-buttigieg-introduces-budget-proposal-for-2018 |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name=2018budgetproposalwsbt>{{cite web |last1=Kennedy |first1=Danielle |title=Mayor Buttigieg proposes 2018 budget for South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/mayor-buttigieg-proposes-2018-budget-for-south-bend |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> including funding for a "healthy homes" program,<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a/> which was ultimately included in the 2018 budget approved by the Common Council.<ref name=2018sbbudget>{{cite web |title=City of South Bend, Indiana 2018 ADOPTED BUDGET |url=http://docs.southbendin.gov/WebLink/0/edoc/118091/0.%202018%20Budget%20Book.pdf |publisher=City of South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 12, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg also made a request for $24 million to fund new green spaces in the city<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a/> that was ultimately excluded from the budget.<ref name=2018sbbudget/>
Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included $156,000 for paid [[parental leave]] to city employees.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Buttigieg seeks new paid parental leave benefit for city of South Bend employees |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-seeks-new-paid-parental-leave-benefit-for-city-of/article_f00804ae-1baf-5cbc-b274-efd551a7be3a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |language=en |date=September 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg proposes paid parental leave for South Bend city employees |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave-for-South-Bend-city-employees-444454133.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |language=english |date=September 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg Proposes Paid Parental Leave |url=https://southbendin.gov/2017/09/14/buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave/ |newspaper=South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City of South Bend offers new paid parental leave policy starting this year |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-offers-new-paid-parental-leave-policy-starting-this-year |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |date=January 8, 2018}}</ref>
Buttigieg had expressed his openness to a proposal by the [[Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians]] to open a [[Native American gaming|tribal casino]] in South Bend.<ref name="blaskocasino1">{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend council approves casino deal |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-casino-deal/article_af188ea4-004f-11e6-b5f9-cf98677cd204.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> The Common Council approved a casino deal in April 2016,<ref name="blaskocasino1"/> and the Pokagon Band received federal clearance to put the land into a required trust in November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beckett |first1=Samantha |title=South Bend Casino Puts Gambling Next to America's Most Distinguished Catholic University |url=https://www.casino.org/news/south-bend-casino-next-to-distinguished-catholic-university/ |publisher=Casino.org |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ropeik |first1=Annie |title=Michiana Tribe Gets Land Trust Approval For South Bend Casino |url=https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/michiana-tribe-gets-land-trust-approval-for-south-bend-casino |publisher=[[WFYI (TV)]] |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Under a revenue-sharing agreement that the Pokagon Band voluntarily entered into with the city, the city receives the greater of 2% of the casino's annual [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act#Class II|Class II]] gaming revenues or either $1 million or $2 million (depending on the number of games at the casino).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Table games, sports betting and expansion coming to South Bend's Four Winds Casino? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/table-games-sports-betting-and-expansion-coming-to-south-bend/article_392ad128-1894-590b-b956-93fe1ec06d28.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City, agencies celebrate first local agreement distributions from Pokagon Band |url=http://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/cultural-highlight/city-agencies-celebrate-first-local-agreement-distributions-pokagon-band |publisher=Pokégnek Bodéwadmik (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi) |accessdate=November 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=South Bend, Pokagon Band reach agreements related to casino project |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-pokagon-band-reach-agreements-related-to-casino-project/article_6e2f14f6-f0fc-11e5-bf0b-4bf1365a3744.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> The casino opened in January 2018 as [[Four Winds Casinos|Four Winds]] South Bend.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian tribe with 3 Michigan casinos opens 1st in Indiana |url=https://apnews.com/63622de7d4f74232873686312f6e5568 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Ben |title=Four Winds opens South Bend location |url=https://apnews.com/6d772749eeae467990667c659d374e02 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>
In 2018, Women's Care Center, a [[crisis pregnancy center]] chain, petitioned the city to allow it to rezone a residential property to allow it to open a location adjacent to a planned Whole Woman's Health [[abortion clinic]] (which would be the only abortion clinic in the city, which had been without one since 2015).<ref name=abortiondodged>{{cite web |last1=Endicott |first1=Marisa |title="Beyond My Pay Grade": When Pete Buttigieg Had a Chance to Stand Firm on Abortion Rights, He Dodged |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/06/pete-buttigieg-abortion-clinic-south-bend-whole-womans-health-crisis/ |work=Mother Jones |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=June 13, 2019}}</ref> The rezoning case became a flashpoint between local [[United States anti-abortion movement|anti-abortion]] activists supporting the rezoning and [[United States abortion-rights movement|abortion-rights]] activists opposing it.<ref name=abortiondodged/> In April 2018, the city council voted 5-4 to allow the rezoning.<ref name=abortiondodged/> The group Pro Choice South Bend, which opposed the rezoning, organized a letter-writing campaign and other efforts to urge Buttigieg to use his [[veto]] power to block the rezoning.<ref name=abortiondodged/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Pro-abortion rights group urging South Bend mayor to veto anti-abortion group's rezoning |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pro-abortion-rights-group-urging-south-bend-mayor-to-veto/article_ec97b871-0625-5d76-b4b8-268fe5af64a1.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> Amid this, Buttigieg's office reportedly reached out to Whole Woman's Health Alliance and discussed various concerns.<ref name=abortiondodged/> Four days after the Common Council's vote to approve the rezoning, Buttigieg vetoed it, in a decision he described as "one of the hardest decisions I've ever made" as mayor.<ref name=abortiondodged/> In a letter to Common Council members, Buttigieg said he was persuaded by data provided by the abortion clinic showing that there were higher rates of threats, harassment, and violence at abortion clinics near crisis pregnancy centers, but was careful not to criticize the crisis pregnancy center, writing that he believed that representatives of both the abortion clinic and the crisis pregnancy center "are good residents who seek to support women by providing services consistent with their values."<ref name=abortiondodged/> In a press conference he held to explain his veto, he declared, "Issues on the morality or the legality of abortion are dramatically beyond my pay grade as mayor. For us this is a neighborhood issue, and it’s a zoning issue."<ref name=abortiondodged/> In mid-May 2018, Buttigieg said he was willing to work with Women's Care Center to find a different location in the area.<ref name=abortiondodged/> Women's Care Center eventually opened at a location across the street from the planned abortion clinic.<ref name=abortiondodged/> When Buttigieg ran for president, some criticized his assistance to Women's Care Center as a failure to stick strongly to his abortion-rights position.<ref name=abortiondodged/>
Also in 2018, Buttigieg explored [[Municipal annexation in the United States|annexing]] several areas bordering the city<ref name="growthbeyondwithin">{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend looks for growth beyond and within its borders |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-looks-for-growth-beyond-and-within-its-borders/article_a323a9f9-06cb-5449-989f-d2e8a278499a.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 29, 2019 |date=June 3, 2018}}</ref> and redrawing the boundaries of several of the city's tax increment financing districts to better serve neighborhoods that had not benefited from redevelopment.<ref name="growthbeyondwithin"/>
In August 2018, South Bend pledged a $3.7 million bond issue to assist the [[Potawatomi Zoo]] in funding its renovations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Caleb |title=City of South Bend plans to help pay for zoo projects |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-plans-to-help-pay-for-zoo/article_28c8b887-fa47-547b-9240-bc337b3f2efb.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=August 10, 2018}}</ref> In September, it was announced that the zoo renovation had obtained additional funding from the [[Indiana Economic Development Corporation]]'s Regional Cities Initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title=INDIANA'S OLDEST ZOO TO UNDERGO MAJOR UPGRADE |url=https://www.buildingindiana.com/indianas-oldest-zoo-to-undergoing-major-upgrade/ |publisher=Building Indiana |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=September 16, 2018}}</ref>
In August 2018, Buttigieg declared an intent to include a focus on neighborhoods in his budget proposal for the 2019 fiscal year.<ref name=sbt2019budgetpropsoal1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor focuses 2019 budget on neighborhoods |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-focuses-budget-on-neighborhoods/article_4afcdb6e-6ab5-59e2-8b7f-914f3b49315e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 2, 2018}}</ref> In addition to improvements to infrastructure, such as [[street light|streetlight]]s, Buttigieg also promoted the expansion of the city's Group Violence Intervention efforts, which he believed were showing success at reducing violent crime among the city's youth.<ref name=sbt2019budgetpropsoal1/> The Common Council approved many of Buttigieg's requests in its 2019 budget.<ref name="2019budgetsbt1"/>
====Speculations about higher office and national political involvement====
Ahead of the 2016 election cycle, Buttigieg declined to run in the [[2016 United States Senate election in Indiana|United States Senate election in Indiana]].<ref name="pickfight">{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |last2=Butler |first2=Matthew |title=Gov. Pence prepares to pick a fight |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=June 25, 2015 |volume=20 |issue=39 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150625.pdf |accessdate=September 17, 2019}}</ref> He later campaigned on behalf of Democratic Senate nominee [[Evan Bayh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ICYMI: 'Evan Bayh Made Indiana Great Again' |url=https://www.indems.org/icymi-evan-bayh-made-indiana-great-again/ |publisher=Indiana Democratic Party |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref> He criticized Bayh's opponent, [[Todd Young]], for having voiced support in 2010 for retaining the military's [[don't ask, don't tell]] policy, which Bayh had [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|voted to repeal]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Buttigieg gets involved in Senate race, draws attention to 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/buttigieg-gets-involved-in-senate-race-draws-attention-to-don/article_2ea1d2ce-7f8b-11e6-b552-87cd6284d82e.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 21, 2016}}</ref> In the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2016 Democratic presidential primaries]], Buttigieg endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Strauss |first1=Daniel |title=Sanders seeks to end his free fall |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/indiana-sanders-clinton-222687 |website=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=May 2, 2016}}</ref> He also endorsed Democratic nominee Lynn Coleman in [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|that year's election]] for [[Indiana's 2nd congressional district]], which includes South Bend.<ref>{{cite web |title=DCCC Chair Luján Names Lynn Coleman to Emerging Races |url=https://dccc.org/dccc-chair-lujan-names-lynn-coleman-emerging-races/ |publisher=Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 23, 2016}}</ref>
In 2016, ''[[New York Times]]'' columnist [[Frank Bruni]] published a column praising Buttigieg's work as mayor with a headline asking if he might be "the first gay president".<ref name="FrankBruni">{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Bruni |title=The First Gay President? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/opinion/sunday/the-first-gay-president.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 11, 2016 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref> Additionally, [[Barack Obama]] was cited as mentioning him as one of the Democratic Party's talents in a profile on the former president conducted by ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Remnick |first1=David |title=Obama Reckons with a Trump Presidency |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/obama-reckons-with-a-trump-presidency |website=[[The New Yorker]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
For the [[2018 United States elections|2018 midterms]], Buttigieg founded the political action committee [[Hitting Home PAC]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buttigieg |first1=Pete |title=Hitting Home: a new politics of the everyday |url=https://medium.com/the-moment-by-pete-for-america/hitting-home-a-new-politics-of-the-everyday-76316121f06a |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |accessdate=September 9, 2019|date=June 22, 2017 }}</ref> That October, Buttigieg personally endorsed 21 congressional candidates.<ref name=indianapolismonthlynovember2018>{{cite web |last1=Wren |first1=Adam |title=Pete Buttigieg Has His Eye On The Prize |url=https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature |website=Indianapolis Monthly |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> He also later endorsed Mel Hall, Democratic nominee in [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|the election]] for Indiana's 2nd congressional district.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ortega |first1=Veronica |title=South Bend's mayor is throwing his support behind Democrat Mel Hall |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bends-mayor-is-throwing-his-support-behind-democrat-mel-hall |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=November 1, 2018}}</ref> Buttigieg also campaigned in support of Joe Donnelly's reelection campaign in the [[2018 United States Senate election in Indiana|United States Senate election in Indiana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg, other Hoosier veterans launch South Bend 'Veterans for Joe' with press conference |url=https://joeforindiana.com/updates/mayor-pete-buttigieg-other-hoosier-veterans-launch-south-bend-veterans-for-joe-with-press-conference/ |publisher=Donnelly for Indiana |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg campaigned for candidates in more than a dozen states, including early presidential primary states such as [[Iowa]] and [[South Carolina]], a move indicating potential interest in running for president.<ref name=indianapolismonthlynovember2018/>
====Succession as mayor====
In December 2018, Buttigieg announced that he would not seek a third term as mayor of South Bend.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-will-not-seek-a-third-term-as-south/article_0399eb60-365a-5f18-b98c-de8cc9010831.html|title=Pete Buttigieg will not seek a third term as South Bend mayor|first=Jeff|last=Parrott|date=December 18, 2018|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref> In February 2019, Buttigieg endorsed [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]] in the [[2019 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|2019 South Bend mayoral election]].<ref name=sbt1/><ref>{{cite web |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg endorses James Mueller as his pick to replace him
|url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-endorses-james-mueller-as-his-pick-to-replace-him |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=October 24, 2019 |date=February 11, 2019}}</ref> Mueller was a high-school classmate of Buttigieg's and his mayoral chief of staff, and later executive director of the South Bend Department of Community Investment.<ref name=sbt1/> Mueller's campaign promised to continue the progress that had been made under Buttigieg's mayoralty.<ref name=abc57a>{{cite web |last1=Hudson |first1=Melissa |title=Primary election: James Mueller wins Democratic nomination for South Bend mayor |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/primary-election-south-bend-mayoral-race |website=ABC 57 |publisher=[[WBND-LD]] |accessdate=May 23, 2019 |date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg appeared in campaign ads for Mueller and donated to Mueller's campaign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Becker |first1=Lauren |title=Slew of Democrats hoping to replace Buttigieg busy fundraising, mobilizing voters |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/slew-of-democrats-hoping-to-replace-buttigieg-busy-fundraising-mobilizing-voters |publisher=[[WSBT-TV|WSBT]] |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |date=May 2, 2019}}</ref> Mueller won the May 2019 Democratic primary with 37% of the vote in a crowded field.<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Primary Election: Official Results|url=https://www.sjcindiana.com/1647/2019-Primary-Election|publisher=St. Joseph County, Indiana}}</ref><ref name=sbt1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=James Mueller rolls to victory in South Bend mayoral primary |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/james-mueller-rolls-to-victory-in-south-bend-mayoral-primary/article_4139cab3-c713-5d9c-be70-7387ef7b806d.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=May 23, 2019 |date=May 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Top Buttigieg Aide Wins South Bend Mayoral Primary |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/top-buttigieg-mayoral-aide-wins-primary-to-lead-indiana-city |accessdate=October 24, 2019 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> In the November 2019 general election, Mueller defeated Republican nominee Sean M. Haas with 63% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|title=Election Summary Report: General Election, Tuesday, November 5, 2019|url=https://www.sjcindiana.com/DocumentCenter/View/28489/2019-General-Election-Summary---Unofficial|publisher=St. Joseph County, Indiana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Democrat James Mueller voted as South Bend's next mayor |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/democrat-james-mueller-voted-as-south-bends-next-mayor |publisher=[[WSBT-TV]] |accessdate=November 6, 2019 |date=November 5, 2019}}</ref> Mueller took office on [[New Year's Day]] 2020.<ref name="NYTsuccessor">{{cite news |last1=Gabriel |first1=Trip |title=He's Not 'Mayor Pete' Anymore: Buttigieg's Successor Is Sworn In |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/01/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend.html |accessdate=12 February 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 January 2020}}</ref>
== 2017 DNC chair election ==
In January 2017, Buttigieg announced his candidacy for chair of the [[Democratic National Committee]] in its [[2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election|2017 chairmanship election]].<ref>{{cite news| first= Jonathan | last= Martin | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/05/us/pete-buttigieg-democratic-national-committee-chairman-race.html | title= Indiana Mayor Running for D.N.C. Chairman | work= [[The New York Times]] | date= January 5, 2017 | accessdate= March 18, 2019}}</ref> He built a national profile as an emerging dark horse in the race for the chairmanship with the backing of former DNC chairman [[Howard Dean]], former [[Maryland]] governor [[Martin O'Malley]], Indiana senator [[Joe Donnelly]], and [[North Dakota]] senator [[Heidi Heitkamp]].<ref name="Seitz-Wald">{{cite news| first= Alex | last= Seitz-Wald | url= https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/dnc-race-democrats-elect-new-leader-saturday-n725596 |title=DNC Race: Democrats Elect New Leader Saturday |website=[[NBC News]] | date= February 25, 2017 | accessdate= February 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Fritze">{{cite news| first= John |last= Fritze |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-backs-pete-buttigieg-over-tom-perez-for-dnc-20170208-story.html | title= Martin O'Malley backs Pete Buttigieg (over Tom Perez) for DNC | newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] | accessdate= February 8, 2017}}</ref> Buttigieg "campaigned on the idea that the aging Democratic Party needed to empower its millennial members".<ref name="Seitz-Wald"/>
Former [[United States Secretary of Labor|U.S. secretary of labor]] [[Tom Perez]] and [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] [[Keith Ellison]] quickly emerged as the favored candidates of a majority of DNC members. Buttigieg withdrew from the race on the day of the election without endorsing a candidate, and Perez was elected chair after two rounds of voting.<ref name="Seitz-Wald" />
== 2020 presidential election ==
{{Main|Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign}}
{{see|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}
[[File:PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg announcing his [[2020 United States presidential election|candidacy for President in 2020]] on April 14, 2019|215x215px]]
On January 23, 2019, Buttigieg announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to run for [[President of the United States]] in the upcoming [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]].<ref name="CNNExploratory">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/pete-buttigieg-2020-president/index.html|title=Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, jumps into 2020 race|last=Merica|first=Dan|date=January 23, 2019|accessdate=January 25, 2019|website=CNN}}</ref> Buttigieg is seeking the Democratic Party nomination for president.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/breaking-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-joins-presidential-race/article_c2ca8722-70b4-5b40-9d10-14ee798fbb8d.html|title=Breaking: South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg joins 2020 presidential race|first=Sara|last=Burnett|date=January 23, 2019|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend-president.html|title=Pete Buttigieg, Mayor of South Bend, Ind., Joins Democratic 2020 Race|last1=Burns|first1=Alexander|date=January 23, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=January 23, 2019}}</ref> If elected, he would be the youngest and first openly gay American president.<ref name=CNNExploratory/> Buttigieg officially launched his campaign on April 14, 2019, in South Bend.<ref name=Segran-190414 /><ref name="CNNPeteAnnounce">{{cite news |last1=Merica |first1=Dan |title=Pete Buttigieg officially announces presidential campaign |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/14/politics/pete-buttigieg-presidential-campaign/index.html |accessdate=April 14, 2019 |work=CNN |date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>
Buttigieg describes himself as a progressive and a supporter of [[democratic capitalism]].<ref name="Beauchamp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/3/28/18283925/pete-buttigieg-mayor-pete-interview-capitalism|title=Pete Buttigieg makes the case for "democratic capitalism"|last=Beauchamp|first=Zack|date=March 28, 2019|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=April 1, 2019}}</ref> Historian David Mislin identifies Buttigieg as a pragmatic progressive in the tradition of the [[Social Gospel]] movement once strong in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]].<ref>David Mislin, [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/11/07/Pete-Buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-of-Social-Gospel/6261573132113/ Pete Buttigieg reviving pragmatic, progressive ideals of Social Gospel], UPI (November 7, 2019), republished at ''[https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/pete-buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-social-gospel-movement-94506 The National Interest]'' (November 11, 2019).</ref> Buttigieg identifies [[regulatory capture]] as a significant problem in American society.<ref name=Beauchamp/>
In early February 2020, Buttigieg led the [[2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses]] results with 26.2% to [[Bernie Sanders]]’ 26.1%, winning 14 delegates to Sanders’s 12.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/politics/iowa-caucus-results/index.html|title=Pete Buttigieg keeps narrow lead in Iowa caucuses with 100% of precincts reporting|author1=Dan Merica |author2=Jeff Zeleny |author3=Adam Levy|website=CNN|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theweek.com/10things/894837/10-things-need-know-today-february-10-2020|title=10 things you need to know today: February 10, 2020|date=2020-02-10|website=theweek.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref> The [[LGBTQ Victory Fund]], Buttigieg’s first national endorsement,{{efn|He was endorsed in June 2019 on the [[Stonewall 50th anniversary|50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising]].}} noted the historical first of an LGBTQ candidate winning a state presidential primary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://victoryfund.org/news/pete-buttigiegs-iowa-victory-a-milestone-in-u-s-history-america-on-track-to-elect-its-first-gay-president/|title=Pete Buttigieg's Iowa Victory A Milestone in U.S. History; America On-Track to Elect Its First Gay President|last=Keith|first=Jarod|website=LGBTQ Victory Fund|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
== Political positions ==
{{Main|Political positions of Pete Buttigieg}}
{{POV-section|date=February 2020}}
=== Abortion ===
Buttigieg supports [[abortion rights]]<ref name=":6">{{cite web |last1=Relman |first1=Eliza |title=Pete Buttigieg is running for President in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-pete-buttigieg-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-3 |website=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Charlotte|last=Alter|title=Pete Buttigieg enters presidential race with a message of generational change |url=https://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]]|location=New York City|date=April 14, 2019|accessdate=April 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428031517/http://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/ |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the repeal of the [[Hyde Amendment]], which blocks federal funding for abortion services in all but the most extreme circumstances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's political stances |url=https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances |website=iSideWith |accessdate=April 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428023553/https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, as mayor, Buttigieg vetoed a South Bend Common Council rezoning decision that would have allowed an anti-abortion [[crisis pregnancy center]] to open next door to a planned abortion clinic.<ref>
*{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html|title=South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|first=Jeff|last=Parrott|date=April 28, 2018|access-date=October 13, 2019}}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend |title=An abortion clinic is suing to open in Pete Buttigieg's city. It could test his skills on a national stage. |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last=North |first=Anna |date=March 27, 2019 |accessdate=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420060334/https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite news |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html |title=South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning |last=Parrot |first=Jeff |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323063853/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=abortiondodged/>
In May 2019, after the [[Alabama Legislature]] passed [[Human Life Protection Act|legislation outlawing virtually all abortion services in the state]], Buttigieg said that it was "ignoring science, criminalizing abortion, and punishing women".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pete-buttigieg-fox-news-town-hall_n_5ce1db9be4b00e035b928161 |title=Pete Buttigieg: 'I trust women to draw the line' on their own abortions |last=Karanth |first=Sanjana |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=August 17, 2019 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
=== Climate change ===
[[Image:Mayor Pete at Roosevelt High School (48891405907).jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg at a town hall meeting on October 12, 2019 in [[Des Moines]] with supporters holding signs saying Climate is a Crisis.]]
Buttigieg released a plan to combat [[climate change]] consisting of three parts: building a clean economy through the creation of [[renewable energy|clean energy]] jobs; improving [[Climate resilience|resilience]] by investing in disaster relief and prevention; and heightening the United States' role in the international fight against climate change.<ref name="climateplan">{{cite web |last1=Buttigieg |first1=Pete |title=Mobilizing America: Rising to the Climate Challenge |url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6380609/Buttigieg-Climate-Plan.pdf |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=October 20, 2019 |pages=1–2 }}</ref> His proposal sets benchmarks of doubling clean electricity in the U.S. by 2025, zero emissions in electricity generation by 2035, net-zero emissions from industrial vehicles by 2040, and net-zero emissions by 2050.<ref name="climateplan" />
Buttigieg has said that, if elected, he will restore the United States' commitment to the [[Paris Climate Agreement]] and double its pledge to the [[Green Climate Fund]]. In June 2017, he was one of 407 U.S. mayors who signed a pact to adhere to the agreement after [[President Trump]] announced his decision to withdraw from it.<ref name="pbs" /> Buttigieg also supports the [[Green New Deal]] proposed by House Democrats.<ref name=Janes-190316>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html |title=Pete Buttigieg, the young and openly gay Midwest mayor, finds a voice in crowded Democratic presidential field | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=March 16, 2019 | accessdate=March 24, 2019 |first=Chelsea | last=Janes | first2=Michael | last2=Scherer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324113006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don | archive-date=March 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC|title=Buttigieg backs Green New Deal resolution|work=[[CNN]]|via=[[MSN]]|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223233/https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC|archive-date=March 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Buttigieg favors [[solar panel]] subsidies and a [[Carbon fee and dividend|carbon tax and dividend]] policy to reduce [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[NBC News]]|title=Democratic Presidential Debate|date=June 27, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX7hni-zGD8&feature=youtu.be&t=4460|access-date=July 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html|title=Mayor Pete to President Pete? It's crazy, but he thinks his ideas aren't.|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306135526/https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=March 7, 2019}}</ref>
===Criminal justice===
Buttigieg supports eliminating the death penalty.<ref name=Steinhauser-190404>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations | title=Buttigieg calls for scrapping death penalty, supporting slavery reparations | work=[[Fox News]] | date=April 4, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Paul | last=Steinhauser | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404175113/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations | archive-date=April 4, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> On marijuana, Buttigieg has supported [[Cannabis in Canada|Canada-style legalization]], saying: "The safe, regulated, and legal sale of marijuana is an idea whose time has come for the United States, as evidenced by voters demanding legalization in states across the country."<ref name=Martin-190226>{{cite news |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg | title=Marijuana is no longer a fringe issue for 2020 presidential candidates | work=[[The Boston Globe]] | date=February 26, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Naomi | last=Martin | first2=James | last2=Pindell | first3=Saurabh | last3=Datar | first4=Irfan | last4=Uraizee | first5=Patrick | last5=Garvin | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327131242/https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg | archive-date=March 27, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> He supports moving toward reversing criminal sentences for minor drug-related offenses,<ref name=Higgins-190404/> and eliminating incarceration for drug possession offenses.<ref>{{cite web|author=Brooke Singman|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-incarceration-drug-possession|title=Pete Buttigieg calls for elimination of incarceration for drug possession offenses|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=October 26, 2019}}</ref> Though acknowledging the problematic nature of the disparity in black and white marijuana arrests, South Bend's black residents were 4.3 times likelier under Buttigieg to be arrested for Cannabis possession than white residents. This represents a rate higher than Indiana (3.5 times likelier) and the U.S. (3 times likelier).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/11/26/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-marijuana-arrests/|title=PETE BUTTIGIEG SAYS MARIJUANA ARRESTS SIGNIFY "SYSTEMIC RACISM." HIS SOUTH BEND POLICE FIT THE BILL.|date=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecrimereport.org/2019/11/27/racial-disparity-high-in-pot-arrests-under-buttigieg/|title=Racial Disparity High In Pot Arrests Under Buttigieg|date=November 27, 2019}}</ref>
In 2019, Buttigieg called for the U.S. to "decriminalize mental illness and addiction through diversion, treatment, and [[Prisoner reentry|re-entry]] programs" with a goal of decreasing "the number of people incarcerated due to mental illness or substance use by 75% in the first term."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pete-buttigieg-unveils-plan-to-improve-mental-health-care-and-fight-addiction/|title=Buttigieg unveils plan to improve mental health care and fight addiction|publisher=CBS News|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/mental-health/|title=Healing and Belonging in America|website=Pete For America|language=en-US|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref>
===Economy, commerce, and workers’ rights===
[[Image:Pete Buttigieg (48646620607).jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg speaking at the 2019 Iowa Federation of Labor Convention.]]
Buttigieg has frequently pointed to automation as the chief cause of the great loss of manufacturing jobs nationwide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf|title=The Axe Files episode 129|publisher=University of Chicago|date=March 13, 2017|accessdate=March 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215231658/https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf|archive-date=February 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He has spoken of the need to work with labor unions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html|title=Keynote speaker at Washington Days sees similarities between Indiana and Kansas|last=Cisneros|first=Juan|website=WIBW|date=March 3, 2018|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081010/https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> As a self-proclaimed [[democratic capitalism|democratic capitalist]], Buttigieg rejects [[crony capitalism]] and supports a constitutional amendment to protect democracy from the undue and corrupting influence of money in politics.<ref name=Turner-190320>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html | title=2020 Democratic candidate Pete Buttigieg says this is 'the biggest problem with capitalism right now' | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 20, 2019 | accessdate=March 22, 2019 | first=Ashley | last=Turner | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321012329/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html | archive-date=March 21, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> He is receptive to the possibility of antitrust actions against large technology companies but more focused on privacy and data security concerns.<ref name=Lizza-190302>{{cite news |url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/ | title=The Esquire Interview: Mayor Peter Buttigieg | work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] | date=March 2, 2019 | accessdate=March 24, 2019 | first=Ryan | last=Lizza | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324114203/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/ | archive-date=March 24, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
In 2010, Buttigieg praised the passage of the [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg comments on financial reform act |url=http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2617 |website=Pete for Indiana |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=July 21, 2010}}</ref>
While running for Indiana state treasurer in 2010, Buttigieg described his record as [[Fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]],<ref name=timesunion2march/> and supported the [[Community Reinvestment Act]] (CRA), proposing that Indiana choose to deposit state funds in banks that were compliant with CRA obligations.<ref name=Dick>{{cite news |last1=Dick|first1=Stephen|url=https://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/state_news/state-treasurer-candidate-wants-banks-to-help-communities/article_fd91f22a-f272-53d8-ad06-f261cb2d7f23.html|title=State treasurer candidate wants banks to help communities |work=[[The Herald Bulletin]] |date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg: Expect more from banks |url=http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2628 |website=Pete for Indiana |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=July 29, 2010}}</ref>
In July 2019, Buttigieg released a plan to strengthen union bargaining power, to raise the [[Minimum wage in the United States|minimum wage]] to $15, and to offer national paid family leave.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/empowering-workers/|title=A New Rising Tide|website=Pete For America|language=en-US|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref>
===Education===
Buttigieg's education plan includes a $700 billion investment in universal full-day child care and pre-K for all children from infancy to age 5.<ref name="mainsiteedu">{{cite web |title=Keeping the Promise for America's Children |url=https://peteforamerica.com/policies/education/ |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Buttigieg also wants to triple Title I funding for schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's education plan highlights broad agreement among Democrats on K-12 policy — though differences on charters remain |url=https://chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2019/12/07/mayor-pete-buttigieg-k-12-education-plan-charter-schools/ |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Other goals include doubling the amount of new teachers of color in the next 10 years, addressing school segregation with a $500 million fund, paying teachers more, expanding mental health services in schools, and creating more after-school programs and summer learning opportunities.<ref name="mainsiteedu"/>
His plan for debt-free college partially involves expanding Pell Grants for low and middle-income students, as well as other investments and ending Trump's tax cuts for the wealthy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's College Affordability Plan: The Goldilocks Solution |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2019/11/12/pete-buttigiegs-college-affordability-plan-the-goldilocks-solution/#669ca4a4545d |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Under his plan, the bottom 80% of students would get free college, with the other 20% paying some or all of the tuition themselves on a sliding scale.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whistle |first1=Wesley |title=Mayor Pete's Middle Of The Road Plan For Higher Education |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wesleywhistle/2019/11/14/mayor-petes-middle-of-the-road-plan-for-higher-education/#513cbe727052 |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>
===Elections and voting rights===
Buttigieg favors the abolition of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/|title=Deconstructed Podcast: Mayor Pete Buttigieg on Trump, Islamophobia, and His Presidential Bid|last=Deconstructed|date=March 21, 2019|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328112002/https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/|archive-date=March 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also called for [[Felony disenfranchisement in the United States|restoring voting rights to felons]] who have completed their prison sentences,<ref name=Higgins-190404>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html | title=Democratic hopeful Pete Buttigieg addresses 'all lives matter' controversy, says he no longer uses the phrase | work=[[CNBC]] | date=April 4, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Tucker | last=Higgins | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162341/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html | archive-date=April 4, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think|title=Buttigieg on whether felons should be able to vote from prison: 'I don't think so'|last=Greenwood|first=Max|date=April 22, 2019|website=TheHill|language=en|access-date=April 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423052624/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think|archive-date=April 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and made election security a primary part of his platform.<ref>{{cite web |title=Security means protecting our democracy. |url=https://peteforamerica.com/issues/#ElectionSecurity |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>
=== Foreign policy and national security===
Buttigieg has said that he believes the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan]] following the [[September 11 attacks]] was justified<ref name=Lizza-190302 /> but now supports withdrawing American troops from the region with a maintained intelligence presence.<ref name="pbs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues|title=What does Pete Buttigieg believe? Where the candidate stands on 7 issues|date=February 15, 2019|website=[[PBS NewsHour]]|language=en-us|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306222851/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a committed supporter of [[Israel]],<ref name="Ward-190403">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine | title=Democrats are increasingly critical of Israel. Not Pete Buttigieg. | work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] | date=April 3, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Alex | last=Ward | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403233033/https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine | archive-date=April 3, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Nahmias">Omri Nahmias, [https://www.jpost.com/International/Buttigieg-US-support-for-Israel-is-not-support-for-annexation-606093 Pete Buttigieg: U.S. support for Israel is not support for annexation], ''Jerusalem Post'' (October 29, 2019).</ref> favors a [[two-state solution]] to the [[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]],<ref name=Nahmias/><ref>Jackson Richmand, [https://www.jns.org/record-at-a-glance-mayor-pete-buttigieg-supports-two-state-solution-blames-hamas-for-lack-of-peace/ Record at a glance: Mayor Pete Buttigieg supports two-state solution, blames Hamas for lack of peace], Jewish News Syndicate (April 15, 2019).</ref> opposes [[Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank|proposals for Israel to annex]] the [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli-occupied]] [[West Bank]],<ref name=Nahmias/> and disapproves of Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'s comments in support of [[Israeli law in the West Bank settlements|applying Israeli law]] in Jewish settlements in the West Bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/|title=Democratic presidential candidate pans PM's 'harmful' comments on settlements|website=Times of Israel|date=April 7, 2019|access-date=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409120427/https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/|archive-date=April 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Regarding the [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis]], Buttigieg told ''[[HuffPost]]'' that as a supporter of free and fair elections, he is amenable to potential sanctions but not a military intervention.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/venezuela-juan-guaido-donald-trump-2020-democrats_n_5c520bd0e4b04f8645c745f4 |title=Where Democratic Presidential Contenders Stand On The Venezuelan Crisis |last=Marans |first=Daniel|last2=Robins-Early |first2=Nick|last3=Waldron |first3=Travis |date=January 31, 2019 |website=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=May 27, 2019}}</ref> On June 11, 2019, Buttigieg said: "We will remain open to working with a regime like the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the benefit of the American people. But we can no longer sell out our deepest values for the sake of fossil fuel access and lucrative business deals."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Democratic candidates on foreign policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020-election/ |work=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Buttigieg supports ending U.S. support for Saudi Arabia in [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Where 2020 Democrats stand on foreign policy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/foreign-policy/ |work=The Washington Post |date=November 21, 2019}}</ref>
Buttigieg has condemned [[China]] for its [[Xinjiang re-education camps|mass detention of ethnic Uyghurs]] in [[Xinjiang]], calling it a "a shocking, merciless campaign to erase the religious and ethnic identity of millions" that the U.S. should stand against.<ref>{{cite news |title=China Bashes NYT's Xinjiang Story as Warren, Buttigieg Criticize |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-18/china-bashes-nyt-s-xinjiang-story-as-warren-buttigieg-criticize |work=Bloomberg |date=November 18, 2019}}</ref> He criticized Trump's decision to [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|withdraw U.S. troops from Syria]], which critics say gave [[Turkey]] the green light to launch its [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|military offensive]] against Syrian Kurds.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Pete Decries Trump's Decision to Withdraw Troops from Northern Syria |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/10/mayor-pete-decries-trumps-decision-to-withdraw-troops-from-northern-syria/ |work=Mother Jones |date=October 13, 2019}}</ref>
In 2019, Buttigieg said he was "troubled" by President Obama's 2017 decision to commute the sentence of [[Chelsea Manning]], who was convicted of disclosing classified documents to [[WikiLeaks]]. He also gave a mixed evaluation of [[Edward Snowden]]'s disclosure of classified information, saying, "we've learned things about abuses and that one way or another that needed to come out", but that "the way for that to come out is through Congressional oversight, not through a breach of classified information".<ref name=Dorsey>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/|title=2020 candidate Pete Buttigieg "troubled" by clemency for Chelsea Manning|first=Steve|last=Dorsey|publisher=CBS News|date=March 11, 2019|accessdate=March 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153527/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Health care ===
Buttigieg opposed Republican [[Efforts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act|efforts]] to repeal the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]].<ref name=swoon/>
In 2018, Buttigieg said he favored [[United States National Health Care Act|Medicare for All]].<ref>Daniel Strauss, [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/buttigieg-tweet-medicare-for-all-048745 Buttigieg backed 'Medicare for All' in 2018 tweet], ''Politico'' (October 16, 2019).</ref> During his presidential campaign, Buttigieg has promoted "Medicare for All Who Want It" (a [[public option]] for health insurance).<ref>Abby Goodnough, [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/health/public-option-medicare-for-all.html 'Public Option' Draws Voters Unsure About 'Medicare for All'], ''New York Times'' (November 24, 2019).</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/2019/11/08/774716877/just-the-right-policy-pete-buttigieg-on-his-medicare-for-all-who-want-it-plan 'Just The Right Policy': Pete Buttigieg On His 'Medicare For All Who Want It' Plan], NPR, ''Morning Edition'' (November 8, 2019).</ref><ref name=JuneDebateTran>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/06/28/transcript-night-first-democratic-debate/ Transcript: Night 2 of the first Democratic debate] (June 28, 2019).</ref> He has spoken favorably of Maryland's [[all-payer rate setting]].<ref name=CSPAN/> Buttigieg has described "Medicare for All Who Want It" as inclusive, more efficient than the current system, and a possible precursor or "glide path" to [[single-payer health insurance]].<ref name=CSPAN>{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee|title=Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg Launches 2020 Exploratory Committee|date=January 23, 2019|publisher=C-SPAN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081238/https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1%2Findiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=JuneDebateTran/> He also favors a partial expansion of Medicare that would allow Americans ages 50 to 64 to buy into Medicare, and supports proposed legislation (the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act), that would "create a fund to guarantee up to 12 weeks of partial income for workers to care for newborn children or family members with serious illnesses."<ref name=WaPoHealthCare>Kevin Uhrmacher, Kevin Schaul, Paulina Firozi and Jeff Stein, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/medicare-for-all/ Where 2020 Democrats stand on Health Care], ''Washington Post'' (last updated December 11, 2019).</ref>
In August 2019, Buttigieg released a $300 billion plan to expand mental health care services and fight addiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/23/pete-buttigieg-mental-health-addiction-1472516|title=How Pete Buttigieg would tackle the mental health and addiction crisis|last=Ehley|first=Brianna|website=[[Politico]]|language=en|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>
=== Immigration ===
Buttigieg supports [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA) and has drawn attention to the Trump administration's aggressive deportation policies. He defended a resident of [[Granger, Indiana]], who was deported after living in the U.S. for 17 years despite regularly checking in with ICE and applying for a green card.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8|title=Why These Trump Voters Are Sticking Up For An Undocumented Neighbor|last=Buttigieg|first=Pete|date=March 21, 2017|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en-US|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317050924/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8|archive-date=March 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Buttigieg has said Trump has been reckless in sending American troops to the southern border and that it is a measure of last resort.<ref>{{Citation|last=CBS News|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg on the experience he'd bring to the 2020 presidential campaign|date=January 31, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401040137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc|archive-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Infrastructure ===
If elected, Buttigieg has pledged about $1 trillion for various infrastructure projects, over the next 10 years. He estimates this funding would create at least 6,000,000 jobs. Many of the planned projects have environmental goals such as reliance on green energy. Other goals include protecting tap water from lead, fixing roads and bridges, improving public transportation, repairing schools, guaranteeing broadband internet access, and preparing communities for floods and other natural disasters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forconstructionpros.com/asphalt/news/21109945/presidential-candidate-buttigieg-promises-to-pass-infrastructure-legislation-if-elected|title=Presidential Candidate Buttigieg Promises to Pass Infrastructure Legislation if Elected|website=For Construction Pros}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/01/14/environmental-impacts-buttigiegs-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan/4430332002/|title=The environmental impacts of Buttigieg's $1 trillion infrastructure plan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resources.peteforamerica.com/documents/Palm-Cards-Printable_Infrastructure.pdf|title=Campaign Infrastructure fact sheet}}</ref>
=== Judicial issues ===
Buttigieg has expressed support for [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] structural reform, emphasizing depoliticization and suggesting the court be expanded to 15 members, five of whom would be selected only by unanimous consensus of the other ten.<ref name="auto"/>
===Donald Trump===
Buttigieg supported the [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump]], saying, "He's made it clear that he deserves to be impeached."<ref name=Deadline>[https://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/mayor-pete-buttigieg-he-s-made-it-clear-that-he-deserves-to-be-impeached-69697093733 Mayor Pete Buttigieg: 'He’s made it clear that he deserves to be impeached'], MSNBC, ''Deadline White House'' (Sept. 23, 2019).</ref> But he has also said there would be "a lot of benefit" if Trump were defeated in 2020 instead of being removed from office via the impeachment process,<ref>James Pindell, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/31/buttigieg-says-there-would-lot-benefit-trump-were-defeated-instead-removed-from-office/ktUrja3zexlNLxBPOP2tbM/story.html Buttigieg says there would be 'a lot of benefit' if Trump were instead of removed from office], ''Boston Globe'' (October 31, 2019).</ref> and that the only true resolution would be to defeat Trump, along with his Republican "enablers" in Congress, in his bid for reelection.<ref name=Deadline/>
=== Racial equality ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Pete Buttigieg NAACP 110th National Convention.jpg|thumb|Buttigieg at the [[NAACP]] 110th National Convention, discussing his Douglass Plan|alt=|215x215px|right]] -->
In May 2019, Buttigieg warned that President [[Donald Trump]] and his administration were using white identity politics, which he identified as the most divisive form of [[identity politics]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Maureen|last=Groppe|title=Pete Buttigieg says Donald Trump's white 'identity politics' contributing to a 'crisis of belonging'|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/05/12/pete-buttigieg-says-donald-trump-divides-white-identity-politics/1151265001/|newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pete Buttigieg warns Democrats about lure of identity politics|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/12/pete-buttigieg-human-rights-campaign-trump|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, he shared his "Douglass Plan", named after [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] [[Frederick Douglass]], to address systemic racism in America.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/ede3a14f794e423388eef7162def7358|title=2020 hopeful Buttigieg pitches plan to fight systemic racism|last=Burnett|first=Sara|date=July 2, 2019|agency=Associated Press|access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg compared the plan's scope to that of the U.S.'s [[Marshall Plan]], which invested funds in war-torn Europe after [[World War II]], and said it would address "opportunity for minority businesses, strengthening voting rights, and reforming the criminal justice system". The initiative would allocate $10 billion to [[African-American entrepreneurship]] over five years, grant $25 billion to [[historically black colleges]], legalize marijuana, expunge drug convictions, halve the federal prison population, and propose a federal New Voting Rights Act designed to increase voting access.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/740279980/buttigieg-proposes-broad-plan-to-counter-racial-inequality|title=Buttigieg Proposes Broad Plan To Counter Racial Inequality|website=NPR.org}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
=== Social issues ===
[[File:Pete buttigieg supporters pride parade boston 2019.jpg|thumb|right|Pete Buttigieg supporters marching in the 2019 Boston [[Pride parade|Pride Parade]]|alt=|215x215px|left]]
Buttigieg favors amending civil rights legislation with the [[Equality Act (United States)|Federal Equality Act]] so that LGBT Americans receive federal non-discrimination protections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/|title=Pete Buttigieg makes pitch to LGBT voters in bid to become first out gay president|date=February 5, 2019|website=Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights|language=en-US|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081135/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He opposes the ban on transgender military participation enacted under Trump.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban|title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg weighs in on transgender military ban|website=ABC57|language=en|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043108/https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Dorsey />
Buttigieg supports expanding opportunities for [[National service in the United States|national service]], and has expressed support for a "social norm" of a voluntary year of national service for those turning 18 years old.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg: We need generational change in politics |url=https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622 |website=Morning Joe |publisher=MSNBC |accessdate=March 31, 2019 |date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321013356/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622 |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea|title=Mandatory national service is a terrible idea|last=Kristian|first=Bonnie|date=April 19, 2019|website=[[The Week]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427085103/https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea|archive-date=April 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=April 27, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019 Buttigieg announced a plan to increase participation in [[National service in the United States|national service organizations]] like [[AmeriCorps]] and the [[Peace Corps]], as well as creating new ones dedicated to "fighting [[climate change]], treating mental health and addiction, and providing caregiving for older people".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.towleroad.com/2019/07/pete-buttigieg-public-service/ |title=Pete Buttigieg Unveils Plan That Would Quickly Triple Participation in U.S. Public Service Programs|date=July 3, 2019 |website=Towleroad Gay News |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> The initiative prioritizes volunteering in predominantly minority communities and rural areas by tripling programs to 250,000 people at first, then expanding to one million by 2026.<ref name=":1" />
Buttigieg opposes free college tuition because he believes it unfairly subsidizes higher-income families at the expense of lower-income people who do not attend college. This position distinguishes him from other progressives who support free college tuition for all.<ref name=Berman-190405>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-argues-against-free-college-this-is-why-progressives-cant-agree-about-subsidizing-tuition/?noredirect=on | title=Pete Buttigieg argues against free college. This is why progressives can't agree about subsidizing tuition. | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=April 5, 2019 | accessdate=April 5, 2019 | first=Elizabeth | last=Berman}}</ref> Buttigieg supports initiatives to make college more affordable.<ref name=Kreighbaum-190405>{{cite news |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college | title=Buttigieg Rejects Free College | work=[[Inside Higher Ed]] | date=April 5, 2019 | accessdate=April 5, 2019 | first=Andrew | last=Kreighbaum | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405205122/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college | archive-date=April 5, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
=== Statehood ===
Buttigieg supports [[Statehood movement in the District of Columbia|statehood for the District of Columbia]], and said that he would support [[Statehood movement in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico statehood]] if desired by the [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican people]].<ref name="auto"/>
== Personal life ==
[[File:StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]], which Buttigieg attends]]
Buttigieg is a Christian,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/pete-buttigieg-democrat-2020-presidential-election |title=Pete Buttigieg for president? Long-shot stands out in crowded field. |last=Gambino |first=Lauren |date=March 23, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=March 30, 2019 |quote=Like many of his rivals, he offers a stark contrast to the President in style and substance. Buttigieg is the son of a Maltese immigrant; a U.S. Navy veteran who took leave from his civic day job to serve in Afghanistan; a Harvard-educated Rhodes scholar; a devout Christian and a polyglot and bibliophile who learned Norwegian to read books by an author in Norway whose work had not yet been translated to English.}}</ref><ref name="cnn_2019-04-02">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/02/opinions/buttigieg-and-religion-qa-beck/index.html |title=Pete Buttigieg on faith, his marriage, and Mike Pence |last=Beck |first=Father Edward |website=CNN |date=April 2, 2019 |access-date=April 4, 2019}}</ref> and he has said his faith has had a strong influence in his life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/religion/2019/03/29/evangelicals-helped-get-trump-into-white-house-pete-buttigieg-believes-religious-left-will-get-him-out/ |title=Evangelicals helped get Trump into the White House. Pete Buttigieg believes the religious left will get him out. |last=Bailey |first=Sarah |date=March 29, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 30, 2019}}</ref><ref name="FrankBruni" /> His parents baptized him in a Catholic church as an infant and he attended Catholic schools.<ref name="cnn_2019-04-02" /> While at the [[University of Oxford]], Buttigieg began to attend [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford|Christ Church Cathedral]] and said he felt "more-or-less Anglican" by the time he returned to South Bend.<ref name="cnn_2019-04-02" /> [[Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine]], [[James Martin (priest, born 1960)|James Martin]], and [[Garry Wills]] are among his religious influences.<ref name=":02" /> A member of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]], Buttigieg is a congregant at the [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]] in downtown South Bend.<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine |last=Wren |first=Adam |date=December 16, 2018 |title=Pete Buttigieg has his eye on the prize |url=https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature |magazine=Indianapolis Monthly |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref>
Buttigieg taught himself to speak a little bit of [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-coming-of-age-tale-that-inspired-mayor-pete-to-learn-norwegian|title=The Coming-of-Age Tale That Inspired Mayor Pete to Learn Norwegian|last=Waldman|first=Katy|date=May 2, 2019|access-date=October 24, 2019|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}</ref> and has some knowledge of [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Arabic]], [[Dari language|Dari Persian]], and [[French language|French]] in addition to his native [[English language|English]],<ref name = WallaceWells>{{cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/pete-buttigiegs-quiet-rebellion |title=Pete Buttigieg's quiet rebellion |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |date=February 9, 2019 |first=Benjamin |last=Wallace-Wells |work=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newsweek.com/mayor-pete-buttigieg-2020-millennial-president-1332008 |title=Pete Buttigieg 2020: Meet the South Bend mayor looking to become America's first millennial president |magazine=Newsweek |date=March 10, 2019 |first=Jason |last=Lemin |accessdate=March 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/29/pete-buttigieg-surges-commentators-declare-obscure-midwestern/ |title=Pete Buttigieg surges as commentators declare obscure midwestern Democrat 'hottest candidate' |last=Allen |first=Nick |date=March 29, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=London, U.K. |access-date=April 8, 2019 |last2=Millward |first2=David |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> though his level of fluency in those languages is unclear. His campaign has not commented on his language abilities, but he has been recorded speaking foreign languages on various occasions, including interviews on [[Univision]] on May 8, 2019 and [[Telemundo]] on May 20, 2019.<ref>{{Cite media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVYRGDUSPZU |title=Pete Buttigieg, precandidato demócrata a la presidencia, visita Noticias Telemundo |work=[[Telemundo]] |date=May 20, 2019 |via=YouTube |medium=video}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/04/pete-buttigiegs-polygot-magic/588169/ |title=Pete Buttigieg's language magic is textbook polyglot mythmaking |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=May 6, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Erard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/magazine/pete-buttigieg-smart-harvard-rhodes-scholar-norwegian-language.html |title=How Pete Buttigieg's meaningless erudition made him the 'smart' candidate |last=King |first=Jay Caspian |date=April 24, 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg plays guitar and piano,<ref>{{cite news |last=Seiger |first=Theresa |date=April 18, 2019 |title=Who is Pete Buttigieg? Democratic mayor joins 2020 presidential race |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/national/who-pete-buttigieg-democratic-mayor-joins-2020-presidential-race/hcIXqE9Dawq3TGSRn7IK5K |newspaper=Dayton Daily News |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harrell |first=Jeff |date=November 12, 2011 |title=Election victors chill with guitars: Too many well-wishers force Buttigieg to miss his performance |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043005/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and in 2013 performed with the South Bend Symphony Orchestra as a guest piano soloist with [[Ben Folds]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=Andrew S. |date=February 18, 2013 |title=Mayor, IUSB singers earn their ovations |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043140/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Franklin |first=Robert |date=December 23, 2013 |title=South Bend Symphony Orchestra concert features Mayor Pete Buttigieg at the Morris Performing Arts Center |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/south-bend-symphony-orchestra-concert-feat-mayor-pete-buttigieg-at/image_b3aa8758-6c0c-11e3-933b-0019bb30f31a.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg was a 2014 [[Aspen Institute]] Rodel Fellow.<ref name="City2016">{{cite press release |title=Buttigieg establishes City Diversity and Inclusion Initiative |url=https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion |website=SouthBendIn.gov |publisher=The City of South Bend, Indiana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130072843/https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion |archive-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref> He was a recipient of the John F. Kennedy New Frontier Fenn Award in 2015.<ref>{{cite press release |title=November 13, 2015 – 2015 New Frontier Award Release |url=http://iop.harvard.edu/about/newsletter-press-release/november-13-2015-%E2%80%93-2015-new-frontier-award-release |publisher=Harvard Institute of Politics |date=October 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref>
In a June 2015 piece in the ''[[South Bend Tribune]]'', Buttigieg [[coming out|came out]] as gay.<ref name=2015gay /> By coming out, Buttigieg became Indiana's first openly gay elected executive.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |title=Buttigieg crosses threshold |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=June 18, 2015 |volume=20 |issue=38 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150618.pdf |accessdate=September 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Pete Buttigieg's announcement creates a buzz |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-s-announcement-creates-a-buzz/article_57a803f7-3aeb-50d2-9904-b69039a07ade.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=September 17, 2019 |date=June 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name=blaskotns>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Announces He's Gay |url=https://www.governing.com/topics/politics/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-is-gay.html |work=[[Governing (magazine)|Governing]] |agency=[[Tribune Content Agency|Tribune News Service]] |accessdate=September 22, 2019 |date=June 17, 2015}}</ref> He was the first elected official in Indiana to come out while in office,<ref name="pickfight"/> and the highest elected official in Indiana to come out.<ref name=blaskotns/> Buttigieg is also the first openly gay Democratic presidential candidate, and the second overall, after Republican [[Fred Karger]], who ran in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pete Buttigieg is not the first openly gay, major party presidential candidate. This guy was. |first=Ryan |last=Brooks |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryancbrooks/fred-karger-mayor-pete-buttigieg-gay-2020 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |accessdate=April 2, 2019 |date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>
In December 2017, Buttigieg announced his engagement to Chasten Glezman, a junior-high-school teacher.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tma-el.org/about-us/faculty-and-staff.cfm?catid=4 |title=Faculty and Staff |website=Tma-el.org |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref> They had been dating since August 2015 after meeting on the dating app [[Hinge (app)|Hinge]].<ref name="Trebay-180618">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/fashion/weddings/mayor-peter-buttigieg-wedding-democratic-party.html|title=Pete Buttigieg might be President someday. He's already got the First Man.|last=Trebay|first=Guy|date=June 18, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 1, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/v3dC6|archive-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wndu.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-announces-engagement-467023153.html |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg announces engagement |website=[[WNDU-TV]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=March 21, 2019}}</ref> They were married on June 16, 2018, in a private ceremony at the [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]] in South Bend.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-pete-buttigieg-marries-partner-chasten-glezman-in-downtown-south/article_b9bb722b-bbb0-5b55-a73d-e014ac7e4bf1.html |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg marries partner Chasten Glezman in downtown South Bend |first=Mary |last=Shown |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |access-date=August 21, 2018 |date=June 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="cnn_2019-04-02"/> Chasten uses his husband's surname, Buttigieg.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mack |first1=Justin |title=Chasten Buttigieg: What we know about Mayor Pete's husband |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/09/chasten-buttigieg-what-we-know-pete-buttigiegs-husband/3398186002/ |accessdate=April 16, 2019 |work=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=April 9, 2019}}</ref>
In June 2019, to mark the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019|50th anniversary]] of the [[Stonewall riots]], a watershed moment in the [[LGBT rights movement|LGBTQ rights movement]], ''[[Queerty]]'' named him one of its "Pride50" people identified as "trailblazing individuals who actively ensure society remains moving towards [[LGBT equality|equality]], acceptance and dignity for all [[queer]] people".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50|title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees|website=[[Queerty]]|language=en-US|access-date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>
== Book ==
* {{cite book|title=Shortest Way Home: One Mayor's Challenge and a Model for America's Future|last=|first=|location=New York|pages=|publisher=Liveright|date=2019|isbn=9781631494376|title-link=Shortest Way Home (book)}}
==Electoral history==
{{Election box begin no change
| title = [[2010 Indiana State Treasurer election|Indiana State Treasurer election, 2010]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Indiana Election Results |url=https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Richard Mourdock]] (incumbent)
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 1,053,527
| percentage = 62.46%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Pete Buttigieg
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 633,243
| percentage = 37.54%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 1,686,770
| percentage =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = [[2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|South Bend mayoral election, 2011]] Democratic primary<ref name="sos2011"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Pete Buttigieg
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 7,663
| percentage = 54.90%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Michael J. Hamann
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 2,798
| percentage = 20.05%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Ryan Dvorak]]
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 2,041
| percentage = 14.62%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Barrett Berry
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 1,424
| percentage = 10.20%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Felipe N. Merino
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 32
| percentage = 0.23%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 13,958
| percentage =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = South Bend mayoral election, 2011<ref name="sos2011">{{cite web |title=Historical Election Results |url=https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2011 |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Pete Buttigieg
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 10,991
| percentage = 73.85%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Norris W. Curry Jr.
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 2,884
| percentage = 19.38%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Patrick M. Farrell
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| votes = 1,008
| percentage = 6.77%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 14,883
| percentage =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = [[2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|South Bend mayoral election, 2015]] Democratic primary<ref name="sos2015"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=What Does Electoral Victory Look Like? Visualizing Buttigieg's Win |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2015/05/07/what-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win/ |website=South Bend Voice |accessdate=September 15, 2019 |date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Pete Buttigieg (incumbent)
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 8,369
| percentage = 77.68%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Henry L. Davis, Jr.
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 2,405
| percentage = 22.32%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 10,774
| percentage =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = South Bend mayoral election, 2015<ref name="sos2015">{{cite web |title=Historical Election Results |url=https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2015 |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Pete Buttigieg (incumbent)
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 8,515
| percentage = 80.41%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Kelly S. Jones
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 2,074
| percentage = 19.59%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 10,589
| percentage =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
*[[Buttigieg]], Maltese surname
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{URL|peteforamerica.com|Presidential campaign website}}
* {{URL|meetpete.org|Buttigieg on the issues}}
* {{URL|southbendin.gov/official/mayor-pete-buttigieg|Mayor of South Bend website}}
* {{C-SPAN|Pete Buttigieg}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{URL|votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg|Profile}} at [[Vote Smart]]
{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef | before = Michael W. Griffith}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Indiana State Treasurer]] | years = [[2010 Indiana elections|2010]]}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Mike Boland (politician)|Mike Boland]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Steve Luecke]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of]] [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] | years = 2011, 2015}}
{{s-aft | after = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Steve Luecke]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of]] [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] | years = January 1, 2012 – January 1, 2020}}
{{s-aft | after = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{United States presidential election, 2020}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buttigieg, Pete}}
[[Category:Pete Buttigieg| ]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American Episcopalians]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American naval officers]]
[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]
[[Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford]]
[[Category:American LGBT military personnel]]
[[Category:American Rhodes Scholars]]
[[Category:American memoirists]]
[[Category:American naval personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]
[[Category:American people of Maltese descent]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2010 United States elections]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election]]
[[Category:Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Former Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Gay military personnel]]
[[Category:Gay politicians]]
[[Category:Gay writers]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:Indiana Democrats]]
[[Category:LGBT Anglicans]]
[[Category:LGBT mayors of places in the United States]]
[[Category:LGBT memoirists]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Indiana]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mayors of South Bend, Indiana]]
[[Category:McKinsey & Company people]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Indiana]]
[[Category:Progressivism in the United States]]
[[Category:United States Navy reservists]]
[[Category:Writers from South Bend, Indiana]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,105 +1,493 @@
-{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
-{{for2|the Italian comic book character|[[Rat-Man (comics)|Rat-Man]]|the Stephen King character|[[The Stand]]}}
+{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
+{{short description|U.S. politician and 2020 presidential candidate}}
+{{Use American English|date=June 2019}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
+{{Infobox officeholder
+| name = Pete Buttigieg
+| image = Pete Buttigieg by Gage Skidmore.jpg
+| caption = Buttigieg in June 2019
+| office = 32nd [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of South Bend]]
+| term_start = January 1, 2012
+| term_end = January 1, 2020
+| predecessor = [[Steve Luecke]]
+| successor = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]
+| birth_name = Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg
+| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|01|19}}
+| birth_place = [[South Bend, Indiana]], U.S.
+| death_date =
+| death_place =
+| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
+| spouse = {{marriage|Chasten <!-- Public figure infoxboxes use spouse's name prior to marriage -->Glezman|June 16, 2018}}
+| mother = J. Anne Montgomery
+| father = [[Joseph Buttigieg]]
+| education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Pembroke College, Oxford]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
+| website = {{plainlist|
+* {{url|peteforamerica.com|Campaign website}}}}
+| allegiance = {{flag|United States of America}}
+| branch = {{flag|United States Navy}}
+| serviceyears_label = Service years
+| serviceyears = 2009–2017
+| unit = [[United States Navy Reserve]]
+| rank = {{Dodseal|USN lieutenant|23}} [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]]
+| battles = [[War in Afghanistan (2001–14)|War in Afghanistan]]
+| mawards = {{Dodseal|JSCM|23}} [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
+| signature = Pete Buttigieg signature (1).png
+}}
+{{Pete Buttigieg series}}
-"'''Rat Man'''" was the nickname given by [[Sigmund Freud]] to a patient whose "case history" was published as ''Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose'' ['Notes Upon A Case of Obsessional Neurosis'] (1909). This was the second of six case histories that Freud published, and the first in which he claimed that the patient had been cured by [[psychoanalysis]].
+'''Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg'''<ref name="Harvard Gazette">{{cite web |title=Phi Beta Kappa elects 92 seniors to Harvard chapter |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/06/phi-beta-kappa-elects-92-seniors-to-harvard-chapter/ |website=[[Harvard Gazette]] |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |date=June 10, 2004}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|uː|t|ə|ˌ|dʒ|ɛ|dʒ}} {{respell|BOOT|ə|jej}};{{efn|Sometimes pronounced {{IPAc-en|-|dʒ|ʌ|dʒ}} {{respell|-|juj}}, but not by Buttigieg himself.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg/index.html|title=How to pronounce Pete Buttigieg|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|date=January 23, 2019|website=[[CNN]] Politics|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=Jan 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last = Aggeler|first = Madeleine|date = March 25, 2019|title = Wait, Sorry, How Do You Pronounce Buttigieg?|url = https://www.thecut.com/2019/03/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg-name.html|magazine = The Cut|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> born January 19, 1982) is an American politician who was [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|mayor of South Bend, Indiana]], from 2012 to 2020. He is a [[Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign|candidate for the Democratic nomination]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election]].
-The nickname derives from the fact that among the patient's many compulsions was an [[Fixation (psychology)|obsession]] with nightmarish fantasies about rats.<ref>Sigmund Freud, ''Case Histories II'' (PFL 9) p. 93</ref>
+Buttigieg is a graduate of [[Harvard College]] and [[Oxford University]], attending the latter on a [[Rhodes Scholarship]]. He was a consultant at the management consulting firm [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey]] from 2007 to 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianaenr.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/archive/2016General/index.html|title=Secretary of State: Elections Division: Election Foundation Wide|website=Indiana State Government official website|accessdate=January 10, 2012}}</ref> From 2009 to 2017, he was a [[Office of Naval Intelligence|naval intelligence officer]] in the [[United States Navy Reserve]], attaining the rank of [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant]]. He was [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|deployed to Afghanistan]] for seven months in 2014 and was awarded the [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]].<ref name=":7" />
-To protect the anonymity of patients, psychoanalytic case-studies would usually withhold or disguise the names of the individuals concerned ("[[Anna O.]]"; "[[Little Hans]]"; "[[Sergei Pankejeff|Wolf Man]]", "[[Dora (case study)|Dora]]", etc.).<ref>Katz, Maya Balakirsky (2011). "A Rabbi, A Priest, and a Psychoanalyst: Religion in the Early Psychoanalytic Case History". Contemporary Jewry 31 (1): 3–24. doi:10.1007/s12397-010-9059-y</ref> Recent researchers have decided that the "Rat Man" was in fact a clever lawyer named '''Ernst Lanzer'''<ref>{{cite news
-|author=Frederick J. Wertz
-|title=Freud's case of the Rat Man revisited: an existential-phenomenological and socio-historical analysis.
-|date=22 March 2003
-|work=[[Journal of Phenomenological Psychology]]
-}}</ref> (1878–1914)—though many other sources maintain that the man's name was '''Paul Lorenz'''.<ref>{{cite book
- | last = Steele
- | first = Robert S.
- | title = Freud and Jung. Conflicts of Interpretation
- | publisher = [[Law Book Co of Australasia]]
- | year = 1982
- | isbn = 0-7100-9067-6
- | url-access = registration
- | url = https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_b8g1
- }}</ref>
+Before running for office, Buttigieg worked on the [[political campaign]]s of the Democrats [[Jill Long Thompson]], [[Joe Donnelly]], and [[John Kerry]]. Buttigieg was the 32nd mayor of South Bend, Indiana, from January 2012 to January 2020. Buttigieg publicly [[Coming out|came out as gay]] in 2015 and was [[2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|reelected]] with over 80% of the vote.<ref name="2015gay">{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-why-coming-out-matters/article_4dce0d12-1415-11e5-83c0-739eebd623ee.html|title=South Bend mayor: Why coming out matters|last=Buttigieg|first=Pete|date=2015-06-16|website=South Bend Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>
-== History of the analysis ==
-Lanzer first came to Freud in October 1907 complaining of obsessive fears and [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder|compulsive]] impulses. Freud treated his patient for a little over three months on a regular daily basis. The treatment was irregular for the next three months and sporadic, at best, after that.
+Buttigieg launched his campaign for the 2020 United States presidential election on April 14, 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/pete-buttigieg-2020-campaign-launch-south-bend-26377ac4-ff83-46d7-b1a4-e43fc1b61325.html|title=Pete Buttigieg teases official 2020 campaign launch|last1=Basu|first1=Zachary|date=April 4, 2019|accessdate=April 8, 2019|website=Axios}}</ref><ref name="Segran-190414">{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90334160/pete-buttigieg-debuts-a-radical-new-approach-to-campaign-branding|title=Pete Buttigieg debuts a radical new approach to campaign branding|last=Segran|first=Elizabeth|date=April 14, 2019|work=[[Fast Company]]|accessdate=April 14, 2019}}</ref> He became the first openly gay person to launch a major presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/pete-buttigieg.html|title=Pete Buttigieg: Who He Is and What He Stands For|last=Epstein|first=Reid J.|date=2019-12-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite initially low expectations, he gained significant momentum in mid-2019 when he participated in several [[Town hall meeting|town halls]], [[2020 Democratic Party presidential forums|forums]], and [[2020 Democratic Party presidential debates|debates]]. Buttigieg narrowly won the pledged delegate count in the [[2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses|Iowa caucuses]] and tied the pledged delegate count in the [[2020 New Hampshire Democratic primary|New Hampshire primary]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Astor|first=Maggie|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/iowa-caucus-delegates-winner.html|title=How Will the Winner of the Iowa Caucuses Be Chosen? Here's What You Should Know|date=2020-02-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-09|last2=Stevens|first2=Matt|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/11/21133087/bernie-sanders-new-hampshire-democratic-primary-winner-2020|title=Bernie Sanders just won the all-important New Hampshire primary|last=Nilsen|first=Ella|date=2020-02-11|website=Vox|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/bernie-won-iowa-popular-vote-buttigieg-electoral-college-2020-2|title=Why Bernie Sanders won Iowa's popular vote, but Pete Buttigieg may win the state's Electoral College|last=Hickey|first=John Haltiwanger, Walt|date=2020-02-07|website=Business Insider Australia|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> He is the first openly gay candidate to earn presidential primary delegates from a major American political party.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2020/02/05/pete-buttigieg-first-openly-gay-candidate-earn-presidential-primary-delegates-nomination/4667796002/ |title=Pete Buttigieg made history in the Iowa caucuses whatever the final results show |publisher=[[The Des Moines Register]] |author=Barbara Rodriguez |date=5 Feb 2020 |accessdate=8 Feb 2020}}</ref>
-Lanzer's principal fear was that something terrible was going to happen to his father and a female friend (who later became his wife). His fear had grown out of an account he heard from a fellow army officer concerning a Chinese torture method in which a large pot, containing a live rat, was strapped to the buttocks of the victim, and the rat encouraged by a red-hot poker to gnaw his way out through the victim's anus.
+==Early life and career==
+Buttigieg was born on January 19, 1982, in [[South Bend, Indiana]], the only child of Jennifer Anne Montgomery and [[Joseph Buttigieg|Joseph A. Buttigieg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/it-s-been-a-good-trip-father-of-mayor-pete/article_9ef0258f-2f61-5ca0-b42a-1b5c72d1000b.html |title='It's been a good trip.' Father of Mayor Pete Buttigieg dies after illness |first=Victoria |last=St. Martin|work=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=January 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="NYTsuccessor" /> His parents met and married while employed as faculty at New Mexico State University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaniewski.com/obituary/JosephA-Buttigieg|title=Obituary for Joseph A. Buttigieg | Kaniewski Funeral Homes, Inc.|first=Kaniewski Funeral Homes|last=Inc|website=Obituary for Joseph A. Buttigieg | Kaniewski Funeral Homes, Inc.}}</ref> His father was born and raised in [[Hamrun]], [[Malta]], and had studied to be a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] before emigrating to the United States and embarking on a secular career as a professor of literature at [[the University of Notre Dame]] in South Bend,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.patheos.com/blogs/deaconsbench/2019/04/beck-interviews-buttigieg-about-his-faith-and-catholic-roots|title=Beck Interviews Buttigieg About His Faith and Catholic Roots|last=Kandra|first=Deacon G.|date=April 3, 2019|work=The Deacon's Bench|accessdate=April 26, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/wip/sSuEX|archive-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name=Trebay-180618/> where he taught for 29 years.<ref name="Brown-161215">{{cite news|url=https://news.nd.edu/news/hesburgh-yusko-scholars-program-to-seek-new-director-to-replace-retiring-joseph-buttigieg/|title=Hesburgh-Yusko Scholars Program to seek new director to replace retiring Joseph Buttigieg|last=Brown|first=Dennis|date=December 15, 2016|work=Notre Dame News|accessdate=April 16, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/CSRj0|archive-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> His mother was born in [[Stanislaus County, California]],<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://wikipeteia.com/Pete_Buttigieg|title=Pete Buttigieg - Wiki-PETE-ia|website=wikipeteia.com}}</ref> graduated from Radford High School in El Paso, Texas,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/04/jennifer-montgomery-pete-buttigieg-mother/|title=Jennifer Anne Montgomery, Pete Buttigieg's Mother: 5 Fast Facts|first=Erin|last=Laviola|date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> and attended the University of Texas, receiving her BA and MA in 1967;<ref name="auto3"/> her mother was born in Oklahoma,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/2019/06/mayor-petes-cousins/|title=Mayor Pete's cousins|date=June 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/elpaso/obits/2002/022302.txt |title=El Paso Co. Tx. Obits from the El Paso Times, February 23-28, 2002 |website=usgwarchives.net |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119184093/zoe-anne-montgomery|title=Zoe Anne Neal Montgomery (1921-2002) - Find A Grave-gedenkplek}}</ref> and her father was born in Indiana.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119183510/john-willard-montgomery|title=John Willard Montgomery (1910-1973) - Find A Grave-gedenkplek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/02/mayor-pete-who-2020-presidential-candidate-pete-buttigieg/3339673002/|title=Pete Buttigieg: What you need to know about the presidential hopeful|first=Justin L.|last=Mack|website=Indianapolis Star}}</ref>
-Lanzer claimed that he fantasized about murder and suicide, and developed a number of compulsive irrational behavior patterns. For example, he mentioned his habit of opening the door to his flat between 12 midnight and 1:00 A.M., apparently so that his father's ghost could enter. Lanzer would then stare at his penis, sometimes using a mirror.
+=== Education ===
+Buttigieg was valedictorian of the class of 2000 at [[St. Joseph High School (South Bend, Indiana)|St. Joseph High School]] in South Bend.<ref name="2010Bio">{{cite news|title=Indiana State Treasurer: Pete Buttigieg|url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=October 24, 2010|accessdate=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329053004/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government|archive-date=March 29, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> That year, he won first prize in the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]]'s ''Profiles in Courage'' essay contest. He traveled to Boston to accept the award and met [[Caroline Kennedy]] and other members of President Kennedy's family. The subject of his winning essay was the integrity and political courage of then [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] Bernie Sanders of Vermont, one of only two [[independent politician]]s in Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/education/profile-in-courage-essay-contest/past-winning-essays/2000-winning-essay-by-peter-buttigieg |title=2000 Winning Essay by Peter Buttigieg |first=Tom |last=McNaught |website=[[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]]|date=May 2, 2000|accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name=DeCosta-Klipa-190402>{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2019/04/02/pete-buttigieg-jfk-essay-contest-bernie-sanders |title=An 18-year-old Pete Buttigieg won a JFK Library essay contest. His subject was Bernie Sanders. |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=April 2, 2019 |accessdate=April 3, 2019 |first=Nik |last=DeCosta-Klipa}}</ref>
-Freud encouraged Lanzer to discuss details of his sex life (such as his first efforts at masturbation at age 20) and focused on a number of [[Free association (psychology)|verbal associations]] with the word 'Ratten' ('rats'). According to Freud's analysis, Lanzer unconsciously identified himself with rats: that is, Lanzer was unconsciously fantasizing that he – a rat and a biter – was having anal intercourse with his father and with his lady friend.
+Buttigieg attended [[Harvard University]], where he majored in history and literature.<ref name=Alfaro-190123>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pete-buttigieg-mayor-of-south-bend-for-president-2020-election-2019-1 |title=Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, launches 2020 presidential bid |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=January 23, 2019 |accessdate=March 25, 2019 |first=Mariana |last=Alfaro}}</ref> He became president of the Student Advisory Committee of the [[Harvard Institute of Politics]] and worked on the institute's annual study of youth attitudes on politics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf |title=Public Service Fast Track Former IOP Student Advisory Committee member Peter Buttigieg '04 elected mayor of South Bend |author=Harvard Institute of Politics |website=[[Harvard University]] |date=January 2012 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028084521/http://www.iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |url-status=live |author-link=Harvard Institute of Politics }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanrhodes.org/assets/attachments/Scholars-Elect_2005_(TARS).pdf |title=American Rhodes Scholars-Elect for 2005 |website=Americanrhodes.org |accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> He wrote his undergraduate thesis, titled ''The Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness'', on the influence of [[puritanism]] on U.S. foreign policy as reflected in [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[The Quiet American]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Quiet_American_s_Errand_Into_the_Wil.html?id=8e1dNwAACAAJ |title=A Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness |first=Pete |last=Buttigieg |newspaper=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/12/rhodes-scholars-announced-2/ |title=Rhodes Scholars announced six talented students are Oxford-bound |first=Ken |last=Gewertz |newspaper=[[Harvard University Gazette]]|date=December 2, 2004 }}</ref> The title of his thesis is also an allusion to American historian [[Perry Miller]]'s work ''Errand into the Wilderness''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674261556 |title=Errand into the Wilderness |first=Perry |last=Miller|newspaper=[[Harvard University Press]]}}</ref>
-Lanzer was verbally clever and introduced Freud to [[Nietzsche]]'s phrase (which Freud would later cite) {{"'}}I did this,' says my Memory. 'I cannot have done this,' says my Pride, and remains inexorable. In the end – Memory yields".<ref>Quoted in L. Appignanesi/J, Forrester, ''Freud's Women'' (2004) p. 113</ref> Freud would retell the saying more than once, and it would be taken up by later therapists such as [[Fritz Perls]].<ref>F. Perls, ''Gestalt Therapy Verbatim'' (1972) p. 45</ref>
+Upon graduating ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from Harvard in 2004, Buttigieg was elected a member of [[Phi Beta Kappa]]<ref name="Harvard Gazette" /> and awarded a [[Rhodes Scholarship]]; in 2007, he received a master's of arts degree with [[British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours|first-class honours]] in [[philosophy, politics, and economics]] after studying at [[Pembroke College, Oxford]].<ref name = WallaceWells/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/mayor-pete-buttigieg-7-things-you-need-know|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg: 7 things you need to know|date=2019-04-15|website=Washington Week|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> At Oxford, he was an editor of the ''Oxford International Review'',<ref name=timesunion2march/> and was a co-founder<ref name=timesunion2march>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg Plans State Treasurer Run |url=https://timesuniononline.com/Content/Default/News/Article/Buttigieg-Plans-State-Treasurer-Run/-3/224/46004 |newspaper=Times-Union |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=March 2, 2010}}</ref> and member of the Democratic Renaissance Project, an informal debate and discussion group of about a dozen Oxford students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/03/784151111/pete-buttigieg-spent-his-younger-days-pushing-democrats-off-middle-ground|publisher=NPR|date=December 3, 2019|title=Pete Buttigieg Spent His Younger Days Pushing Democrats Off Middle Ground|author=Asma Khalid}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784225281/a-look-back-at-the-beginnings-of-pete-buttigiegs-political-ambitions |title=A Look Back At The Beginnings Of Pete Buttigieg's Political Ambitions |publisher=NPR|date=December 2, 2019|author=Asma Khalid|work=All Things Considered}}</ref>
-Lanzer broke off his analysis with Freud after a relatively brief period and well before his transference had been fully resolved. Just after Freud had completed the written version of the case history in October 1909, he confessed to [[Carl Jung|Jung]] that his patient was still having ongoing problems. Lanzer was killed in the first World War and therefore later researchers were unable to interview him.
+=== Professional career ===
+Before graduating from college, Buttigieg was an investigative intern at [[WMAQ-TV]], Chicago's [[NBC News]] affiliate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feder |first1=Robert |title=NBC 5 mentor Renee Ferguson boosts Pete Buttigieg campaign |url=https://www.robertfeder.com/2019/04/15/nbc-5-mentor-renee-ferguson-boosts-pete-buttigieg-campaign/ |website=Robert Feder |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=April 15, 2019}}</ref> He also interned for Democrat [[Jill Long Thompson]] during her unsuccessful [[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|2002 congressional bid]].{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} In 2006, he lent assistance to [[Joe Donnelly]]'s successful [[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|congressional campaign]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foulkes |first1=Arthur |title=Candidate for state office brings campaign to city |url=http://tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city |newspaper=[[Terre Haute Tribune-Star]] |accessdate=September 21, 2019 |date=April 9, 2010}}</ref>
-== Freud's write-up: 'Notes Upon A Case of Obsessional Neurosis' ==
-Freud was led to publish the Rat Man case history because he was feeling pressured to show the world that psychoanalysis could achieve successful therapeutic results. Since the Rat Man had previously consulted [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg|Julius von Wagner-Jauregg]], Freud's eminent psychiatric colleague at the University of Vienna, the case was a particularly critical test of Freud's therapeutic abilities. Before October 1908, when he communicated this case history at the First International Psychoanalytic Congress in Salzburg, Freud had yet to publish the results of a successful psychoanalysis.
+From 2004 to 2005, Buttigieg was conference director of [[the Cohen Group]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Groppe |first1=Maureen |title=Indiana Democrat getting buzz in DNC race |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/19/indiana-democrat-getting-buzz-dnc-race/97944656/ |newspaper = [[The Indianapolis Star]] |accessdate=October 23, 2019 |date=February 19, 2017}}</ref> For several months in [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]],<ref name=toosmart>{{cite news |last1=Colwell |first1=Jack |title=If only he isn't too smart for the job |work=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=May 16, 2010}}</ref> Buttigieg worked on [[John Kerry]]'s [[John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004|2004 presidential campaign]] as a policy and research specialist.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city |title=Candidate for state office brings campaign to city | first=Arthur |last=Foulkes | newspaper=[[Terre Haute Tribune-Star]]|date =April 8, 2010}}</ref> When he accepted the offer to work for Kerry's campaign, he declined another to work for [[Barack Obama]]'s [[2004 United States Senate election in Illinois|2004 United States Senate campaign]].<ref name=toosmart/>
-The case study was published in 1909 in Germany. Freud saw the Rat Man patient for some six months, despite later claiming the treatment lasted about a year.<ref>Mahony: ''Freud and the Rat Man'', page 69. Yale University Press, 1986</ref> He considered the treatment a success.
+After earning his Oxford degree, in 2007 Buttigieg became a consultant at the Chicago office of [[McKinsey & Company]],<ref name=10yearsoftaxreturns>{{cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Amy B. |last2=Itkowitz |first2=Colby |title=Pete Buttigieg releases 10 years of tax returns, jabs Trump for not doing the same |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/30/pete-buttigieg-releases-years-tax-returns-jabs-trump-not-doing-same/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 23, 2019 |date=April 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/peter-buttigieg|title=Interview: Peter Buttigieg|date=July 16, 2018|publisher=Princeton University, Innovations for Successful Societies}}</ref> where he worked on energy, retail, economic development, and logistics for three years.<ref name="Truman">{{Cite web|url=http://trumanproject.org/home/team-view/peter-buttigieg/|title=Pete Buttigieg|publisher=[[Truman National Security Project]]|access-date=October 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ashley Balcerzak|url=https://publicintegrity.org/federal-politics/pete-buttigieg-election-president-candidate/|title=9 things to know about Pete Buttigieg|publisher=Center for Public Integrity|date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> His clients at McKinsey included the [[health insurance in the United States|health insurer]] [[Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan]], electronics retailer [[Best Buy]], Canadian supermarket chain [[Loblaws]], two nonprofit environmentalist groups (the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] and Energy Foundation) and several U.S. government agencies (the [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]], [[United States Department of Energy|Energy Department]], [[United States Department of Defense|Defense Department]], and [[United States Postal Service|Postal Service]]).<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 10, 2019|author=Reid J. Epstein & Stephanie Saul|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mckinsey-clients.html|newspaper=New York Times|title=How Pete Buttigieg Spent His McKinsey Days: Blue Cross, Best Buy, U.S. Agencies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=December 10, 2019|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/under-pressure-buttigieg-releases-names-of-former-mckinsey-clients/2019/12/10/3862fb9a-1b9a-11ea-8d58-5ac3600967a1_story.html|title=Under pressure, Buttigieg releases names of former McKinsey clients|authors=Chelsea Janes & Amy B Wang}}</ref> He took a leave of absence from McKinsey in 2008 to become research director for Jill Long Thompson's unsuccessful [[2008 Indiana gubernatorial election|campaign for Indiana governor]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Daniel Strauss|title=Buttigieg releases timeline of McKinsey work|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/06/buttigieg-releases-mckinsey-timeline-077602|work=Politico|date=December 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nwitimes.com/news/history/famous-hoosiers/jill-long-thompson/article_cbb78b0a-4f28-5865-83eb-6afe1f76a53b.html |title=Jill Long Thompson |first=Doug |last=Ross |date=February 9, 2016 |website=The Times of Northwest Indiana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg |title=Pete Buttigieg's Biography |website=[[Project Vote Smart]] |date=January 13, 2014 }}</ref> Buttigieg left McKinsey in 2010 in order to focus full-time on his campaign for Indiana state treasurer.<ref name=10yearsoftaxreturns/>
-The patient presented with [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder|obsession]]al thoughts and with [[behavior]]s that he felt compelled to carry out,<ref>Freud, p. 39</ref> which had been precipitated by the loss/replacement of his [[pince-nez]], and the problem of paying for them, combined with the impact of a story he heard from a fellow officer about a [[rat torture|torture]] wherein rats would eat their way into the anal cavity of the victim.<ref>Elisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (2005) p. 214-5</ref> The patient then felt a compulsion to imagine that this fate was befalling two people dear to him, specifically his father and his fiancée. The irrational nature of this obsession is revealed by the fact that the man had the greatest regard for his fiancée and that his revered father had actually been dead for some years.<ref>Freud, p. 48</ref> Freud theorized that these obsessive ideas and similar thoughts were produced by conflicts consisting of the combination of loving and aggressive impulses relating to the people concerned – what [[Eugen Bleuler]] would later term [[ambivalence]].<ref>Freud, p. 119</ref>
+Buttigieg has been involved with the [[Truman National Security Project]] since 2005 and serves as a fellow with expertise in Afghanistan and Pakistan.<ref name=Truman/> In 2014, he was named to the organization's board of advisors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-named-to-national-security-organizations-board-259842211.html |date=May 19, 2014 |title=Mayor Buttigieg named to national security organization's board |access-date=October 12, 2019 |publisher=[[WNDU-TV]] }}</ref>
-The Rat Man also often defended himself against his own thoughts. He had had a secret thought that he wished his father would die so he could inherit all of his money, and become rich enough to marry, before shaming himself by fantasizing that his father would die and leave him nothing. The patient even goes so far as to fantasize about marrying Freud's daughter, believing (Freud writes) that "the only reason I was so kind and incredibly patient with him was that I wanted to have him for a son-in-law"<ref>Freud, p. 80</ref> – a matter linked in the [[transference]] to his conflicts between his mother's wish for him to marry rich like his father, and his fiancée's poverty.<ref>Roudinesco, p. 214-5</ref>
+=== Military service ===
+[[File:Bagram collage.jpg|thumb|214x214px|In 2014, Buttigieg began his deployment at [[Bagram Airfield|Bagram Air Base]] in [[Afghanistan]].|alt=]]
+Buttigieg joined the [[U.S. Navy Reserve]] through the [[direct commission officer|direct commission officer (DCO)]] program and was sworn in as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] in naval intelligence in September 2009.<ref name="stripes">{{cite news|title = How Pete Buttigieg went from being a war protester to serving in the Navy|url = https://www.stripes.com/news/us/how-pete-buttigieg-went-from-being-a-war-protester-to-serving-in-the-navy-1.592353|newspaper = [[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]|date = July 29, 2019|accessdate = January 3, 2020}}</ref> In 2014, he took a seven-month leave during his mayoral term to deploy to Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/408662295/Buttigieg-s-Military-Records|title=Buttigieg's Military Records (6.4K views)|website=Scribd|language=en|access-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Erin |last=Blasko|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/navy-reserve-to-deploy-buttigieg-to-afghanistan/article_5ccb3a3a-1bd1-11e3-bec9-0019bb30f31a.html|title = Navy Reserve to deploy Buttigieg to Afghanistan|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=September 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = South Bend mayor back from Afghanistan deployment|url = https://www.navytimes.com/story/military/guard-reserve/2014/09/26/south-bend-mayor-back-from-afghanistan-deployment/16254055|newspaper = [[Navy Times]]|date = September 26, 2014|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> While there, Buttigieg was part of a unit assigned to identify and disrupt terrorist finance networks. Part of this was done at [[Bagram Air Base]], but he was also an armed driver for his commander on more than 100 trips into [[Kabul]]. Buttigieg has jokingly referred to this role as "military [[Uber]]", because he had to watch out for ambushes and explosive devices along the roads and ensure that the vehicle was guarded.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/17/politics/buttigieg-military-service-2020/index.html|title=Buttigieg wields his military credentials: 'It's not like I killed Bin Laden,' but it was dangerous|last=Zeleny|first=Jeff|website=CNN}}</ref> In order to better communicate with the local Afghans, he learned some [[Dari language|Dari]] (a dialect of the [[Persian language]]). Buttigieg was awarded the [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/meet-pete/|title=Meet Pete|website=Pete For America|accessdate=September 5, 2019}}</ref> and resigned his commission from the U.S. Navy Reserve in 2017.<ref name="abcnewsNavyReserve">{{cite news |last1=Pak |first1=Nataly |title=Who is Pete Buttigieg? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/peter-buttigieg/story?id=60731298 |accessdate=March 29, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=January 31, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Jamerson Kesling 2019x">{{cite web | last=Jamerson | first=Joshua | last2=Kesling | first2=Ben | title=Buttigieg Leans In on His Military Service | website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]| date=May 20, 2019 | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/buttigieg-leans-in-on-his-military-service-11558357127 | access-date=June 29, 2019}}</ref>
-In addition, the symptoms were believed to keep the patient from needing to make difficult decisions in his current life, and to ward off the anxiety that would be involved in experiencing the angry and aggressive impulses directly. The patient's older sister and father had died, and these losses were considered, along with his suicidal thoughts and his tendency, to form part of the tissue of phantasies, verbal associations and symbolic meanings in which he was trapped.<ref>Freud, p. 88n</ref> Freud believed that they had their origin in the Rat Man's sexual experiences of infancy, in particular harsh punishment for childhood masturbation, and the vicissitudes of sexual curiosity.
+=== Indiana state treasurer election ===
+Buttigieg was the Democratic nominee for [[Indiana State Treasurer|state treasurer of Indiana]] in [[2010 Indiana State Treasurer election|2010]]. He received 37.5% of the vote, losing to Republican incumbent [[Richard Mourdock]].<ref>{{cite report|url = https://indianavoters.in.gov/PublicContent/Historical/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf|title = 2010 Indiana Election Report|page = 66|date = 2010|publisher = Indiana Election Division, Indiana state government}}</ref><ref name="Groppe-190414">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/04/14/pete-buttigieg-faces-hurdles-2020-white-house-bid-heres-why/3440568002/|title=Rising star? 7 hurdles facing Democrat Pete Buttigieg's 2020 presidential campaign|last=Groppe|first=Maureen|date=April 14, 2019|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref>
-In the theoretical second part of the case study, Freud elaborates on such [[defence mechanisms]] as [[Rationalization (psychology)|''rationalization'']], ''doubt'', [[Undoing (psychology)|undoing]] and ''[[displacement (psychology)|displacement]]''.<ref>Freud, 122-8</ref>
+== Mayor of South Bend, Indiana ==
+===Election and transition===
+[[Image:PeteButtigieg (1).JPG|thumb|right|Buttigieg campaign photo for [[Indiana State Treasurer]] in March 2010]]
+Buttigieg was elected [[mayor of South Bend]] in the [[2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|November 2011 election]], with 10,991 of the 14,883 votes cast (74%).<ref name="fuller2014">{{cite news|last1=Fuller|first1=Jaime|title=The most interesting mayor you've never heard of|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/03/10/the-most-interesting-mayor-youve-never-heard-of/|accessdate=June 19, 2015|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=March 10, 2014}}</ref> He took office in January 2012 at age 29, becoming the second-youngest mayor in South Bend history—[[Schuyler Colfax III]] became mayor at age 28 in 1898<ref>{{cite web| last=Sloma| first=Tricia| date=November 9, 2011| title=Pete Buttigieg becomes second youngest mayor in South Bend| url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Pete_Buttigieg_becomes_second_youngest_mayor_in_South_Bend_133521918.html| website=[[WNDU-TV]]| location=South Bend, Indiana| accessdate=April 12, 2019}}</ref>—and the youngest mayor of a U.S. city with at least 100,000 residents.<ref name="fuller2014" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg|url=http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/department/mayor-pete-buttigieg|publisher=City of South Bend|accessdate=June 19, 2015}}</ref>
-In a later footnote, Freud laments that although "the patient's mental health was restored to him by the analysis...like so many young men of value and promise, he perished in the [[World War I|Great War]]".<ref>Freud, p. 128</ref>
+In 2011, as South Bend's mayor-elect, Buttigieg supported [[John Broden]] in his successful bid to become St. Joseph County Democratic Party chairman.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |title=Behind scenes as Butch resigns |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=October 20, 2011 |volume=17 |issue=10 |page=5 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI111020.pdf |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref>
-A number of significant discrepancies between the published case history and Freud's process notes, which were discovered among his papers after his death, have been pointed out by Patrick Mahony. According to Mahony, who is himself an analyst and sympathetic to the general goals of psychoanalysis, Freud's published case history is "muddled" and "inconsistent" on various matters of fact and also exhibits "glaring" omissions of information. In particular, there is an overemphasis on the father to the exclusion of the mother. As Mahony sums up, "Freud mixed momentous insights with exaggerated claims," some of which "were made in his zeal to protect and promote a new discipline."<ref>Mahony, Freud and the Rat Man, pp. 32, 34, 216.</ref>
+=== First term ===
+====Policing====
+In 2012, after a federal investigation ruled that South Bend police had illegally recorded telephone calls of several officers, Buttigieg demoted police chief Darryl Boykins.<ref name="TimelineCareer">{{cite news|title = From youngest mayor to Smart Streets: A timeline of Pete Buttigieg's political career|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/from-youngest-mayor-to-smart-streets-a-timeline-of-pete/article_74f5ca74-ddb4-5bc3-915f-a4773c7db8f8.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|date = December 17, 2018|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg also dismissed the department's communications director, the one who had actually "discovered the recordings but continued to record the line at Boykins' command".<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> The police communications director alleged that the recordings captured four senior police officers making racist remarks and discussing illegal acts.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/><ref name="Buckley">{{cite web|last1=Buckley|first1=Madeline|last2=Wright|first2=Lincoln|title=Judge's ruling on police wiretap tapes leaves questions unanswered|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/judge-s-ruling-on-police-wiretap-tapes-leaves-questions-unanswered/article_463c08a0-9c3e-11e4-abb2-47b9f9547b68.html|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> The city is 26% black, but only 6% of the police force is black.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/02/737976138/buttigieg-tries-again-to-woo-black-voters-amid-race-controversy-in-his-hometown|title=Buttigieg Tries Again To Woo Black Voters Amid Race Controversy In His Hometown|website=[[NPR]]|accessdate=October 28, 2019}}</ref>
-==Legacy==
-[[Jacques Lacan]] built his early [[Structuralism|structuralist]] theory around the Rat Man case, in particular the polarity of father-rich wife/son-poor wife as an intergenerational force creating the individual neurosis.<ref>Roudinesco, p. 213-6</ref>
+Buttigieg has written that his "first serious mistake as mayor" came shortly after taking office in 2012, when he decided to ask for Boykins's resignation. The city's first ever [[African-American police]] chief accepted the request. However, the next day, backed by supporters and legal counsel, Boykin requested reinstatement. When Buttigieg denied this request, Boykin sued the city for racial discrimination,<ref>{{cite web |title=Years-old controversy surrounding secret police tapes is newly relevant amid Pete Buttigieg's rise |url=https://m.cnn.com/en/article/h_674f0bdf6334d3bdeeba13a137add954 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019}}</ref> arguing that the taping policy had existed under previous police chiefs, who were white.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Easley |first1=Jonathan |title=Secret tapes linger over Buttigieg's meteoric rise |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/438669-secret-tapes-linger-over-buttigiegs-meteoric-rise |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019|date=April 15, 2019 }}</ref> Buttigieg settled the suits brought by Boykins and the four officers out of court for over $800,000.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Peterson|first1=Mark|title=Largest settlement yet on SB police tapes case|url=http://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Largest-settlement-yet-on-SB-poilce-tapes-case--246962351.html|website=[[WNDU-TV]]|accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> A federal judge ruled in 2015 that Boykins's recordings violated the [[Electronic Communications Privacy Act|Federal Wiretap Act]].<ref name="Buckley"/> Buttigieg came under pressure from political opponents to release the tapes, but said that doing so would be a violation of the Wiretap Act.<ref name="Buckley"/> He called for the eradication of racial bias in the police force.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> An Indiana court is hearing a case for the release of the tapes.<ref name=":4" />
-Freud's late note upon the Rat Man's acute sense of smell would later be developed into his theory of the process of civilisation and organic repression.<ref>Angela Richards ed., ''Civilisation, Society and Religion'' (PFL 12) p. 247</ref>
+South Bend adopted the [[National Network for Safe Communities#Group Violence Intervention|National Network for Safe Communities’ Group Violence Intervention approach]] in 2014.<ref name=2015stateofcity>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=FULL TEXT: Mayor Buttigieg's State of the City Address 2015 |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2015/03/11/full-text-mayor-buttigiegs-state-of-the-city-address-2015/ |publisher=The South Bend Voice |accessdate=19 November 2019 |date=11 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fillmore |first1=James |title="Group" violence intervention is working for South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/group-violence-intervention-is-working-for-south-bend |publisher=WSBT |accessdate=19 November 2019 |date=22 July 2014}}</ref>
-==Criticism of Freud==
-The only known case in which Freud's notes survive is that of Ernst Lanzer, the ''Rat-Man'', where they exist for the first third of the treatment.<ref>Angela Richards, in Freud, p. 34</ref> Freud treated him for obsessions, particularly the dread that something terrible would happen to his father and his fiancée. His fear of rats, Freud concluded after elaborate interpretations, was based on disguised anal erotic fantasies.<ref>Peter Gay, ''Freud: A Life for our Time'' (1989) p. 266</ref> Mr. Stadlen tracked down relatives of Mr. Lanzer who said the account handed down by the family was that Freud had helped him overcome shyness so that he could marry.
+====Urban development and blight removal initiatives====
+As mayor, Buttigieg promoted the transformation of the former Studebaker plant location into a technology park named [[Ignition Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Company Town Reinvents Itself In South Bend, Ind. |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/07/05/155916837/a-company-town-reinvents-itself-in-south-bend-ind |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=October 28, 2019 |date=June 28, 2012}}</ref> He oversaw the city's launching of a [[3-1-1]] system in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=Mayor Buttigieg Announces Re-Election Bid |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/11/18/mayor-buttigieg-announces-re-election-bid/ |publisher=South Bend Voice |accessdate=September 17, 2019 |date=November 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2013budgetproposal">{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Mayor's budget calls for 'smart streets' |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-s-budget-calls-for-smart-streets/article_c2e13f62-0548-11e3-b024-0019bb30f31a.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |language=en |date=15 August 2013}}</ref>
-[[Peter Gay]] concluded in ''[[Freud: A Life for Our Time]]'' (1988) that "apart from a handful of interesting deviations, the case history Freud published generally followed the process notes he made every night".<ref>Gay, p. 262</ref> Patrick Mahony, a psychoanalyst and professor of English at the University of Montreal, has highlighted such discrepancies in his detailed study, ''Freud and the Rat Man,'' published in 1986 by the Yale University Press.
+One of the major private developments to go through the city's approval process during Buttigieg's first term was a pair of seven-story condominiums along the [[St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)|St. Joseph River]], across the river from [[Century Center (South Bend)|Century Center]].<ref name=greenlight1/><ref name=breaksground1/> In December 2013, the Area Board of Zoning Appeals approved the approximately $38.5 million development.<ref name=greenlight1>{{cite web |title=Green light for downtown South Bend Cascade Condominium project |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/green-light-for-downtown-south-bend-cascade-condominium-project |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> It broke ground in 2018.<ref name=breaksground1>{{cite web |last1=Fixler |first1=Hayley |title=Multi-million dollar condominium complex breaks ground in South Bend |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/multi-million-dollar-condominium-complex-breaks-ground-in-south-bend |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> The city ultimately invested $5 million in related projects, such as an adjoining section of riverwalk.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peterson |first1=Mark |title='Glass house' condos coming to South Bend river front |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Glass-house-condos-coming-to-South-Bend-river-front-477445253.html |publisher=WNDU |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref>
-Dr. Mahony said Freud seems to have consistently implied that the case lasted longer than it actually did.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Patrick Mahoney, 'Rat Man']</ref> He also said Freud claimed in a lecture to be able to guess the name of the Rat Man's girlfriend, Gisela, from an anagram, ''Glejisamen'', which the patient had invented.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Mahoney]</ref> Actually, the notes show Freud had learned her name first, and then used it to deduce the meaning of the anagram,<ref>{{cite news
-|author=DANIEL GOLEMAN
-|title=As a Therapist, Freud Fell Short, Scholars Find
-|date=6 March 1990
-|work=[[New York Times]]
-|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DD133AF935A35750C0A966958260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=4
-|accessdate=8 August 2008
-}}</ref> although in the actual case-study Freud merely states that "when he told it to me, I could not help noticing that the word was in fact an anagram of the name of his lady".<ref>Freud, p. 105</ref>
+As mayor, Buttigieg was a leading figure behind the creation of a nightly laser-light display along downtown South Bend's St. Joseph River trail as public art. The project cost $700,000, which was raised from private funds.<ref name=Sikich>{{cite news|last = Sikich|first = Chris|date = March 21, 2019|title = Pete Buttigieg says he's mayor of a turnaround city. Here's how that claim stands up|url = https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/21/pete-buttigieg-democratic-presidential-hopeful-south-bend-indiana-turnaround-city/3165477002|newspaper = [[The Indianapolis Star]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> The "River Lights" installation was unveiled in May 2015 as part of the city's 150th anniversary celebrations.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/>
-Critics have also objected to Freud's downplaying of the role of the Rat Man's mother, and for several deviations on his part from what would later become standard psychoanalytic practice.<ref>Gay, p. 263 and p. 266-7</ref>
+By the end of Buttigieg's first term, South Bend had sold off 71 city-owned properties.<ref name=mothballednomore>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Mothballed no more: South Bend selling city-owned land for new projects |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/mothballed-no-more-south-bend-selling-city-owned-land-for/article_2fdd294a-c052-5d8d-bdbb-3ca596d5b68f.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=10 January 2016}}</ref> A significant example was the former [[Bendix Corporation]] headquarters and factory, which the city sold to Curtis Products in 2014.<ref name=mothballednomore/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Curtis Products celebrates move |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/keynews/localeconomy/curtis-products-celebrates-move/article_17e22930-8a74-11e3-a2db-0017a43b2370.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=31 January 2014}}</ref> In late 2014 and early 2015, South Bend negotiated the sale of the city-owned Blackthorn Golf Course.<ref>{{cite web |title=Final purchase agreement approved in sale of SB Blackthorn Golf Course |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Final-purchase-agreemet-approved-for-sale-of-SB-Backthorn-Golf-Course-288733121.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name=sellblackthornwndu1>{{cite web |last1=Peterson |first1=Mark |title=South Bend considers selling Blackthorn, Elbel golf courses |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/South-Bend-considers-selling-Blackthorn-Elbel-golf-courses--274671731.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> The [[LaSalle Hotel (South Bend, Indiana)|LaSalle Hotel]] was sold to developers in 2015 for conversion into apartments.<ref name=mothballednomore/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Officials celebrate LaSalle Hotel revamp |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/officials-celebrate-lasalle-hotel-revamp/article_b304a3f2-6fcc-5904-a95f-b7b3d8ec95d7.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=25 April 2015}}</ref>
-===Efficacy of the treatment===
-Mahoney accepted that Freud obtained a degree of success in restoring his patient to functional life, though he considered Freud exaggerated the extent of this in his case-study.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Mahoney]</ref> Others have suggested that by concentrating on building [[rapport]] with his patient, at the expense of analyzing the [[negative transference]], Freud merely achieved a temporary transference cure.<ref>Michael Thompson, ''The Truth about Freud's Technique'' (1995) p. 239</ref> Lacan for his part concluded that although he did not "regard the Rat Man as a case that Freud cured", in it "Freud made the fundamental discoveries, which we are still living off, concerning the dynamics and structure of obsessional neurosis".<ref>J. Lacan, ''Écrits: A Selection'' (1997) p. 237-8</ref>
+In his budget proposal for the 2014 fiscal year, Buttigieg proposed combining South Bend's Code Enforcement, Animal Control, and Building Department into a single Department of Building Services to save costs and improve efficiency.<ref name=2013budgetproposal/> The proposal failed, and the three have remained separate departments.<ref>{{cite web |title=DEPARTMENTS & DIVISIONS |url=https://southbendin.gov/department/ |publisher=South Bend |accessdate=20 November 2019}}</ref>
-In a letter Freud himself wrote to [[Jung]], shortly after publication of the case study, he claimed of the Rat Man that "he is facing life with courage and ability. The one point that still gives him trouble ([[Father complex|father-complex]] and transference) has shown up clearly in my conversations with this intelligent and grateful man"<ref>McGuire, W: ''The Freud/Jung Letters'', page 255. Princeton University Press, 1974.</ref> – a not insignificant reservation. But while Freud in the case-history had certainly claimed that "the patient's rat delirium had disappeared",<ref>Freud, p. 100</ref> he had also pointed out the limited time and depth of the analysis: "The patient recovered, and his ordinary life began to assert its claims...which were incompatible with a continuation of the treatment".<ref>Freud, p. 88n</ref>
+One of Buttigieg's signature programs has been the "Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative"; known locally as "1,000 Properties in 1,000 Days", it is a project to repair or demolish blighted properties across South Bend.<ref name="VAHI">{{cite web|title=Vacant & Abandoned Properties Initiative|url=http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative|publisher=City of South Bend|accessdate=June 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112180402/http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative|archive-date=November 12, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Blasko|first1=Erin|title=1,000 properties in 1,000 days|url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-28/news/37337888_1_mayor-pete-buttigieg-properties-neighborhoods|accessdate=September 24, 2014|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=February 28, 2013}}</ref> The program reached its goal two months before its scheduled end date in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Progress Update |url=https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update |publisher=City of South Bend |date=July 10, 2017 |accessdate=July 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808075017/https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By the thousandth day of the program, before Buttigieg's first term ended, nearly 40% of the targeted houses were repaired, and 679 were demolished or under contract for demolition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/VA-Community-Update-Presentation.pdf|title=Vacant and Abandoned Properties, 1,000 Houses in 1,000 Days: Community Update|last=|first=|date=December 7, 2015|website=City of South Bend|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg took note of the fact that many homes within communities of color were the ones demolished, leading to early distrust between the city and these communities.<ref name = "vox">{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/6/27/18759807/pete-buttigieg-town-hall-protesters-police-shooting-2020 |title=Pete Buttigieg and the controversy around racial tensions in South Bend, explained|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|accessdate=October 28, 2019|date=June 27, 2019}}</ref>
-As the average length of time expected of an analysis increased from months to years over the 20th century,<ref>Janet Malcolm, ''Psychoanalysis'' (1989) p. 151</ref> so too the success of the Rat Man's case has perhaps come to resemble rather the symptomatic relief of [[brief psychotherapy]] or [[Michael Balint#Focal psychotherapy|focal psychotherapy]], more than the achievement of a full psychoanalysis.<ref>Gay, p. 245</ref>
+====Service in Afghanistan====
+Buttigieg served for seven months in Afghanistan as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy Reserve, returning to the United States on September 23, 2014.<ref name="ReturntoUSA">{{cite news|last1=Bell|first1=Kyle|title=Mayor Buttigieg Reports Being Back on US Soil|url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/09/24/mayor-buttigieg-reports-being-back-on-us-soil/ |accessdate=September 24, 2014|website=South Bend Voice}}</ref> While deployed, he was assigned to the [[Afghan Threat Finance Cell]], a counterterrorism unit that targeted [[Taliban insurgency]] financing.<ref>{{cite news|last = Buttigieg|first = Pete|date = October 5, 2014|title = Buttigieg reflects on Afghanistan and return to South Bend |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-reflects-on-afghanistan-and-return-to-south-bend/article_8f27067e-a123-525e-9bab-4d8c52e479ae.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Blasko|first = Erin|date = June 22, 2014|title = From South Bend to Afghanistan: Buttigieg opens up about military mission|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/politics/from-south-bend-to-afghanistan/article_376699a6-f9f2-11e3-b178-0017a43b2370.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> In his absence, Deputy Mayor Mark Neal, South Bend's city [[Comptroller#United States|comptroller]], served as executive from February 2014 until Buttigieg returned to his role as mayor in October 2014.<ref name="fuller2014" /><ref name="ReturntoUSA"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Former South Bend deputy mayor appointed to IEDC board |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/former-south-bend-deputy-mayor-appointed-to-iedc-board/article_b4192f2a-a28b-11e5-b4b9-6727c95340be.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 14, 2015}}</ref>
-== References ==
+====RFRA opposition====
+In 2015, during the controversy over [[Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)|Indiana Senate Bill 101]]—the original version of which was widely criticized for allowing discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people—Buttigieg emerged as a leading opponent of the legislation. Before his reelection campaign, he came out as gay to express his solidarity with the LGBTQ community.<ref name=2015gay /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/SB-mayor-business-owners-speak-out-against-religious-freedom-act-297838631.html|title=SB mayor, business owners speak out against religious freedom act|last=Catanzarite|first=Maria|date=March 27, 2015|website=[[WNDU-TV]]|access-date=April 10, 2019}}</ref>
-{{Reflist|2|}}
+====Other====
+In 2014, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' called Buttigieg "the most interesting mayor you've never heard of" based on his youth, education, and military background.<ref name="fuller2014"/>
-==Further reading==
+=== Second term ===
+[[File:Downtown South Bend from South East.jpg|thumb|215x215px|The [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] 150th Anniversary festivities, where Buttigieg performed live with singer-songwriter [[Ben Folds]]]]
-Mark Kanzer/Jules Glenn, ''Freud and His Patients'' (1980)
+====Reelection in 2015====
+In 2014, Buttigieg announced that he would seek a second term.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bell|first1=Kyle|title=Mayor Buttigieg Announces Re-Election Bid|url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/11/18/mayor-buttigieg-announces-re-election-bid/ |accessdate=November 18, 2014|website=South Bend Voice|date=November 18, 2014}}</ref> He won the Democratic primary with 78% of the vote, defeating Henry Davis Jr., the city councilman from the Second District.<ref>{{cite web|first=Diane |last=Daniels |first2=Annie |last2=Chang |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-winner-of-democratic-primary-for-south-bend-mayor-race |title=Pete Buttigieg winner of Democratic primary for South Bend mayor race |website=[[WSBT-TV]] |date=May 20, 2015 |accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> In November 2015, he was elected to his second term as mayor with over 80% of the vote, defeating Republican Kelly Jones by a margin of 8,515 to 2,074 votes.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Peterson |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg wins re-election |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-vies-for-second-term-as-South-Bend-mayor-340002362.html |website=[[WNDU-TV]] |date=November 3, 2015 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref>
-==External links==
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140317135252/http://www.jcfar.org/past_papers/A%20Short%20Account%20of%20Obsessional%20Neurosis%20-%20Hara%20Pepeli.pdf A Short Account of Obsessional Neurosis in Freud and Lacan Pt II]
+====Housing, transportation, parks, and infrastructure====
+In a new phase of the Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative, South Bend partnered with the Notre Dame Clinical Law Center to provide free legal assistance to qualifying applicants wishing to acquire vacant lots and, with local nonprofits, to repair or construct homes and provide low-income home ownership assistance using South Bend HUD ([[Housing and Urban Development]]) funds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/initiative/vacant-abandoned-properties/|title=Vacant & Abandoned Properties|website=southbendin.gov|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sbheritage.org/spaces/homes/|title=Homes|website=South Bend Heritage Foundation|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref> He increased city funding levels for home construction and improvement in the 2018 South Bend budget via several programs, including the UEA (Urban Enterprise Association) Pilot Home Repair Program, a grant intended to improve low-income residents' quality of life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/south-bend-home-repair/|title=South Bend Home Repair |website=southbendin.gov |access-date=October 15, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wvpe.org/post/home-repairs-strengthen-community-ties-south-bend |title=Home Repairs Strengthen Community Ties In South Bend |last=Anguiano |first=Barb |website=WVPE |date=July 30, 2018 |access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Sikich/>
-* [https://www.lacanonline.com/2013/09/reading-the-neurotics-individual-myth-lacans-masterwork-on-obsession/ Jacques Lacan's interpretation of the Rat Man case in his paper 'The Neurotic's Individual Myth' - article on LacanOnline.com]
+In 2013, Buttigieg proposed a "Smart Streets" urban development program to improve South Bend's downtown area,<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> and in early 2015—after traffic studies and public hearings—he secured a [[bond issue]] for the program backed by [[tax increment financing]].<ref name="Blasko">{{cite news|last = Blasko|first = Erin|date = January 30, 2015|title = Smart Streets bond clears key hurdle|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/smart-streets-bond-clears-key-hurdle/article_d0ba3d7a-1b4c-5b9a-bd66-09e780a3ecdb.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ParrottSmart">{{cite news|first=Jeff |last=Parrott |title=How much has Smart Streets driven downtown South Bend's turnaround? |date=March 17, 2018 |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/how-much-has-smart-streets-driven-downtown-south-bend-s/article_493dc5c2-cd5a-5c17-ac8c-254c5362504b.html|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref> "Smart Streets" was aimed at improving economic development and urban vibrancy as well as road safety.<ref name="Vibrant">{{cite news|last = Buttigieg|first = Pete|date = June 16, 2017|title = Mayor: Smart Streets will mean a more vibrant downtown South Bend|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/mayor-smart-streets-will-mean-a-more-vibrant-downtown-south/article_edaa6a25-e336-597a-a396-feb481e9927e.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> The project involved the conversion of one-way streets in downtown to two-way streets, traffic-calming measures, the widening of sidewalks, streetside beautification (including the planting of trees and installation of decorative brickwork), the addition of bike lanes<ref name="ParrottSmart" /> and the introduction of roundabouts.<ref name="Vibrant"/> Elements of the project were finished in 2016,<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> and it was officially completed in 2017.<ref name="Vibrant"/> The project was credited with spurring private development in the city.<ref name="ParrottSmart"/>
-* [https://www.lacanonline.com/2014/06/video-jacques-lacan-on-obsession-and-the-rat-man-case/ Video explaining Jacques Lacan's analysis of the Rat Man case]
+Under Buttigieg, South Bend invested $50 million in the city's parks, many of which had been neglected during the preceding decades;<ref name=Sikich/> the city also began a "smart sewer" program, the first phase of which was finished in 2017 at a cost of $150 million.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged">{{cite web |last1=Gardner |first1=Drew |title=How has South Bend changed under Mayor Buttigieg's leadership? |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/how-has-south-bend-changed-under-mayor-buttigiegs-leadership |website=[[WBND-LD]] |accessdate=October 28, 2019 |date=April 14, 2019}}</ref> The effort utilized federal funds<ref name="madecheaper">{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg's South Bend Sewer Fixes Made Cheaper by IOT |url=https://www.ourdailyplanet.com/story/mayor-pete-buttigiegs-south-bend-sewer-fixes-made-cheaper-by-iot/ |website=Our Daily Planet |accessdate=October 28, 2019|date=May 2019 }}</ref> and by 2019 had reduced the combined sewer overflow by 75%.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged" /> The impetus for the effort was a fine that the [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] had levied against the city in 2011 for [[Clean Water Act]] violations.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged" />
-{{Sigmund Freud}}
+By 2019, the city had seen $374 million in private investment for [[mixed-use development]]s since Buttigieg had taken office.<ref>{{cite web |last=Guarino |first=Mark |title=Can Pete Buttigieg replicate his success in South Bend nationally? |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/news/can-pete-buttigieg-replicate-his-success-south-bend-nationally |work=[[Crain's Chicago Business]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Sikich/> In 2016, the City of South Bend partnered with the State of Indiana and private developers to break ground on a $165 million renovation of the former [[Studebaker]] complex, with the aim to make the complex home to tech companies and residential condos.<ref name=swoon>{{cite web |last1=Colombo |first1=Hayleigh |title=Some national Democrats swoon over South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg |url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/65820-some-national-democrats-swoon-over-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg |work=Indiana Business Journal |accessdate=November 14, 2019 |date=October 12, 2017}}</ref> This development is in the so-called "Renaissance District", which includes nearby Ignition Park.<ref name=howhassoutbendchanged/><ref>{{cite report |title=Marquee Project <nowiki>|</nowiki> Section 6 |website=regionalcitiesofnorthernindiana.org }}</ref> In 2017, it was announced that the long-abandoned Studebaker Building 84 (also known as "Ivy Tower") would have its exterior renovated with $3.5 million in Regional Cities funds from the State of Indiana and $3.5 million from South Bend tax increment financing, with plans for the building and other structures in its complex to serve as a technology hub.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend Studebaker plant ready for massive facelift |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-studebaker-plant-ready-for-massive-facelift/article_661dd3cb-c4ff-5969-9d69-cbf746e30316.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=July 3, 2017}}</ref> While many aspects of South Bend had improved by 2016, a [[Princeton University]] study found that the rate of [[eviction]]s in the city had worsened, more than doubling since Buttigieg took office.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged"/>
+In January 2019, Buttigieg launched the South Bend Home Repair initiative. This expanded the existing South Bend Home Repair Pilot, which helps make available funds to assist residents with home repairs, through the use of $600,000 in city funding (double what the city had earlier pledged to the program) and $300,000 in [[block grants]].<ref name=jan152019>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Caleb |title=South Bend officials highlight home repair programs |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-officials-highlight-home-repair-programs/article_f6cc225b-d89e-5bb0-9a17-7f6bff70255f.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 15, 2019}}</ref> It also created two new programs. The first of these is the South Bend Green Corps, which makes funds available to lower-income homeowners for such uses as energy-saving measures and basic weatherization, the installation of [[Smoke detector|smoke]] and [[Carbon monoxide detector|carbon monoxide]] detectors, lead tests, and energy bill review. It also provides education on reducing energy bills.<ref name=jan152019/> The South Bend Green Corps was funded with $290,000 from the city and $150,000 from [[AmeriCorps]].<ref name=jan152019/> The second program is Love Your Block, which assists citizen groups and local nonprofits in revitalizing neighborhoods, and which was funded with $25,000 from the city and $25,000 from the nonprofit Cities of Service.<ref name=jan152019/>
+
+Buttigieg had been arranging a deal under which the city's parks department would sell Elbel Golf Course to developers for $747,500.<ref name=elbeljan2016>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend drops bid to sell Elbel Golf Course |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-drops-bid-to-sell-elbel-golf-course/article_53c90842-c6c2-11e5-986f-db91d0b2b612.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 30, 2016}}</ref> In January 2016, amid public pressure, the city dropped the plan.<ref name=elbeljan2016/> The idea had been floated in 2014, when the city was exploring selling the Blackthorn golf course,<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/> but began to gain momentum in 2015.<ref name=elbelmarch2015>{{cite web |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Zac |title=Elbel sale possible in the future |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/elbel-sale-possible-in-the-future |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=March 3, 2015}}</ref> Buttigieg had justified the plan to sell the city-owned golf course by claiming that residents found [[golf]] to be a low priority, that the course had failed to turn a profit for over five years, and that the city was subsidizing rounds of golf at about $2 per round.<ref name=elbeljan2016/> Buttigieg characterized the course as a drain on the city's finances.<ref name=elbelmarch2015/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Small |first1=Taurean |title=South Bend Mayor: Elbel Park is a drain on city funds |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-elbel-park-is-a-drain-on-city-funds |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=February 4, 2016}}</ref> Opposition arose, with concerns that the sale would limit public access to the land and endanger the protection of [[wetland]]s surrounding it.<ref name=elbeljan2016/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Who is 'Elbel for Everyone'? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/who-is-elbel-for-everyone/article_119bf6bb-f610-5681-ade2-3d9f17902176.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> At {{convert|313|acre}},<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Group wants Parks Board to withdraw support for Elbel Golf Course sale |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/group-wants-parks-board-to-withdraw-support-for-elbel-golf/article_95116d81-344a-50f7-95cb-91b9344a443a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vivian |first1=Krystal |title=Potential sale of Elbel golf course could be decided in the fall |url=https://www.953mnc.com/2015/07/28/pete-buttigieg/ |website=95.3 MNC |publisher=WTRC-FM |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> Elbel constituted the city's largest park.<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/><ref name=klee1>{{cite web |last1=Klee |first1=Ricky |title=Viewpoint: Diversity has fallen in Mayor Pete Buttigieg's administration |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=July 22, 2017}}</ref> The park, while owned by the city, is outside city boundaries.<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/> The original plan Buttigieg outlined for the sale would have allowed it to be developed freely by the buyer.<ref name=klee1/>
+
+Buttigieg supported a proposed high-rise development in South Bend's East Bank neighborhood<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council rejects 12-story high-rise apartment building |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-rejects--story-high-rise-apartment-building/article_0014ba80-45cd-5670-a996-59cc508be26b.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Why did South Bend's East Bank high-rise fail? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/why-did-south-bend-s-east-bank-high-rise-fail/article_b7ea2c34-9f92-5c56-88ef-3ef5d1ea9a5b.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref> that would greatly exceed the existing height ordinances.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klee |first1=Ricky |title=Viewpoint: Diversity has fallen in Mayor Pete Buttigieg's administration |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=July 22, 2017}}</ref><ref name=feb272017>{{cite web |last1=Kennedy |first1=Danielle |title=Building height limit raised to make way for high-rise apartments in South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/building-height-limit-raised-to-make-way-for-high-rise-apartments-in-south-bend |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> In the weeks after the Common Council voted against the development in December 2016, Buttigieg and his administration negotiated a new compromise plan with the developer, Matthews LLC, that reduced the height from twelve stories to nine.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Bob |title=South Bend, developer reach compromise on high-rise project |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/south-bend-developer-reach-compromise-on-high-rise-project/article_3e3880ba-d1cb-11e6-afd2-67d8a1beb12e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 4, 2017}}</ref> In January 2017, the Common Council voted to approve a ten-year [[Tax holiday|tax abatement]] for the $35 million development.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council supports East Bank high-rise, supermarket |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-supports-east-bank-high-rise-supermarket/article_9751606a-9d19-5d58-a0b8-27e1d72a47d8.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> In February, the Common Council raised the height limits for the East Bank neighborhood to facilitate the development.<ref name=feb272017/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council approves East Bank high-rise building |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-east-bank-high-rise-building/article_56f0d318-fd64-11e6-89a7-53b327f97d48.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=February 28, 2017}}</ref> The city later committed $5 million in tax increment financing to the project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend backs down in high-rise standoff with developer Dave Matthews |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-backs-down-in-high-rise-standoff-with-developer/article_2061c4fe-66d4-51c1-9638-a5e7aacb6b1e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=August 29, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In September 2019, the city of South Bend finalized a long-anticipated agreement with St. Joseph County to jointly fund the county's $18 million share of the project to [[Double-track railway|double-track]] the South Shore Line.<ref name=sbtdowntownstation1/><ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana counties back funding for South Shore rail project |url=https://www.wthr.com/article/indiana-counties-back-funding-south-shore-rail-project |agency=[[Associated Press]] |website=[[WTHR-TV]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 22, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Beginning in August 2018, Buttigieg promoted the idea of moving the city's [[South Shore Line]] [[South Bend Airport station|station]] from [[South Bend International Airport]] to the city's downtown.<ref name="sbtdowntownstation1">{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor's push for downtown South Shore station raises new questions |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-s-push-for-downtown-south-shore-station/article_fc015328-a88a-5ae8-bca1-3e8932e81ac5.html |website=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=August 18, 2018|accessdate=April 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="sbtdowntownstation1"/> He made it a goal to have the city complete this project by 2025.<ref name=engineeringstudy>{{cite web |title=Engineering study approved for proposed South Shore Line station in downtown South Bend |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/engineering-study-approved-for-proposed-south-shore-line-station-in/article_e0936478-c4ce-58ca-bc83-0e3a7bee6aa0.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 17, 2018}}</ref> Buttigieg's earlier budgets had allotted funding to the existing South Shore Relocation project,<ref name=2018budgetproposalwsbt/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Tommie |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg presents 2018 budget plan |url=https://www.953mnc.com/2017/08/17/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-presents-2018-budget-plan/ |website=953 MNC |publisher=[[WTRC-FM]] |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> which would have moved the station to a different end of the South Bend International Airport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booker |first1=Ted |title=St. Joseph County plans to study options for South Shore rail line to west side of airport |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/st-joseph-county-plans-to-study-options-for-south-shore/article_ab1d2b5e-dd51-5db5-abe8-2d6c301a2484.html |website=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=April 10, 2019 |date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg's new push for a downtown station engendered suggestions of other possible locations. Buttigieg ordered a study of five location options, including his personally preferred downtown option, as well as two that would keep the station at the airport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booker |first1=Ted |title=St. Joseph County plans to study options for South Shore rail line to west side of airport |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/our_opinion/editorial-confused-about-the-south-shore-plan-in-south-bend/article_f4986d55-822b-5a00-9dbe-4c33a6b27429.html |website=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 10, 2019 |date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Of the five, the downtown location was found to be the priciest, but also the one with the greatest potential economic impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Bend Station Alternatives |url=https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AECOM-CSB-SSL-Feasibility-Study-Presentation-20180419.pdf |publisher=AECOM |accessdate=May 31, 2019 |date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> In December 2018, an engineering study was commissioned to further examine the cost of a downtown station.<ref name=engineeringstudy/>
+
+In 2019, South Bend launched Commuters Trust, a new [[Employer transportation benefits in the United States|transportation benefit program]] created in collaboration with local employers and transportation providers (including [[South Bend TRANSPO]] and [[Lyft]]) and made possible by a $1 million three-year grant from [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] Mayors Challenge.<ref>{{cite web |title=CITY LAUNCHES COMMUTER BENEFIT PROGRAM IN PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL EMPLOYERS |url=https://southbendin.gov/2019/10/21/city-launches-commuter-benefit-program-in-partnership-with-local-employers/ |publisher=South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 15, 2019 |date=October 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Semmler |first1=Ed |title=IN: South Bend ride-sharing program solves transportation problems for workers |url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/alt-mobility/shared-mobility/car-sharing/news/21111228/in-south-bend-ridesharing-program-solves-transportation-problems-for-workers |work=Mass Transit Magazine |accessdate=November 15, 2019 |date=October 22, 2019}}</ref>
+
+During Buttigieg's tenure, Downtown South Bend saw roughly $200 million in private investment.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Phillip |first1=Abby |title=Pete Buttigieg leaves behind economic progress and racial tensions in South Bend |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend/index.html |publisher=CNN |accessdate=5 January 2020 |date=31 December 2019}}</ref>
+
+====Police and fire services====
+In late September 2017, in his budget proposal for the 2020 fiscal year, Buttigieg sought Common Council approval to create the new position of Director of Public Safety, which would have oversight over the city's fire and police chiefs.<ref name=safetydivision1/><ref name=psd1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor wants new public safety director position |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-mayor-wants-new-public-safety-director-position/article_0daf60df-c364-58ba-860d-d8098d57ee3d.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 29, 2019}}</ref> Such a position had existed in South Bend during the mayoralties of Jerry Miller and [[Peter Nemeth (politician)|Peter Nemeth]]; Nemeth eliminated the position in 1976.<ref name=psd2/> Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year earmarked $105,000 for the position's salary, which was more than the salary of the fire chief or police chief at the time.<ref name=psd1/><ref name=psd2>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend police oppose mayor's request to create new public safety director position |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-police-oppose-mayor-s-request-to-create-new/article_fb14dd00-2b7e-5bc0-9deb-efd8b0c37239.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cardone |first1=Jen |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg discusses possible new safety director position |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-discusses-possible-new-safety-director-position-449527313.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> The plan was opposed by members of the fire and police forces, including the local [[Fraternal Order of Police]] lodge.<ref name=psd2/><ref name=safetydivision1/> Criticisms included claims that it was unfair to both the fire and police chiefs to create an additional layer of bureaucracy between them and the mayor.<ref name=psd2/> The Common Council rejected Buttigieg's proposal,<ref name=safetydivision1>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Max |title=Buttigieg, South Bend FOP at odds over the mayor's proposed public safety division |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/buttigieg-south-bend-fop-at-odds-over-the-mayors-proposed-public-safety-division |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> and he rescinded the request.<ref name="2019budgetsbt1">{{cite web |title=South Bend Council approves $368M city budget for 2019 |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-m-city-budget-for/article_c845217e-4497-5539-9399-02b0fdeea76a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 9, 2018}}</ref> In late October 2019, it was announced that the South Bend Mayor's Office would have a slightly different new division, the Division of Community Initiatives.<ref name=divisionofcommunityinitiatives1>{{cite web |last1=Connin |first1=Katlin |title=South Bend adding brand-new division to the mayor's office |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-adding-brand-new-division-to-the-mayors-office |publisher=WBST-TV |accessdate=November 4, 2019 |date=October 28, 2019}}</ref> This is budgeted to be launched in 2020, when Buttigieg's successor will take office. Buttigieg supported this department's creation.<ref name=divisionofcommunityinitiatives1/>
+
+In September 2018, South Bend sent roughly 20 members of its fire department's Swift Water Rescue Group to [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], to assist in anticipation of [[Hurricane Florence]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg talks city budget, 9/11 anniversary |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor--493041261.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hand |first1=Tackora |title=Indiana National Guard trains for disaster response |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/1998425/indiana-national-guard-trains-for-disaster-response/ |publisher=United States National Guard |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 25, 2019}}</ref>
+
+After a white South Bend police officer shot and killed Eric Logan, an African-American man, in June 2019, Buttigieg was drawn from his presidential campaign to focus on the emerging public reaction. Body cameras were not turned on during Logan's death.<ref name ="nytimes">{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |first2=Richard A., Jr. |last2=Oppel |date=August 30, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/30/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-police.html |title=Pete Buttigieg Was Rising. Then Came South Bend's Policing Crisis. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Soon after Logan's death, Buttigieg presided over a town hall attended by disaffected activists from the African-American community as well as relatives of the deceased man. The local police union accused Buttigieg of making decisions for political gain.<ref name=Gabriel-190624>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-shooting.html | title=A New Test for Pete Buttigieg: Does He Feel Their Pain? | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 24, 2019 | accessdate=June 25, 2019 | first=Trip | last=Gabriel | first2=Reid J. | last2=Epstein}}</ref><ref name=Steinhauser-190625>{{cite news | url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/south-bend-police-union-slams-buttigieg | title=South Bend police union slams Buttigieg over response to police shooting of black man | work=[[Fox News]] | date=June 25, 2019 | accessdate=June 25, 2019 | first=Paul | last=Steinhauser | first2=Andres | last2=del Aguila}}</ref> In November 2019, Buttigieg secured $180,000 to commission a review of South Bend's police department policies and practices to be conducted by Chicago-based consulting firm 21CP Solutions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mazurek |first1=Marek |title=Reactions varied at latest community meeting about South Bend Police |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/some-at-latest-community-meeting-about-south-bend-police-feel/article_0ba4749a-ca9b-593e-9830-698f8be75ebd.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=November 9, 2019}}</ref>
+
+During Buttigieg's tenure, the city's police force continued to struggle with a high homicide rate; the annual number of murders in South Bend was 18 in 2012, 9 in 2013, 17 in 2014, 7 in 2015, 14 in 2016, 15 in 2017, and 13 in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-murder-count-remains-steady-under-buttigiegs-watch|title=South Bend's murder count remains in double digits under most of Buttigieg's watch|newspaper=[[WBND-LD]]|date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>
+
+====Other civic matters====
+Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included items to address various public health concerns,<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a>{{cite web |last1=Rivest |first1=Sarah |title=Mayor Buttigieg introduces budget proposal for 2018 |url=https://abc57.com/news/mayor-buttigieg-introduces-budget-proposal-for-2018 |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name=2018budgetproposalwsbt>{{cite web |last1=Kennedy |first1=Danielle |title=Mayor Buttigieg proposes 2018 budget for South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/mayor-buttigieg-proposes-2018-budget-for-south-bend |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> including funding for a "healthy homes" program,<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a/> which was ultimately included in the 2018 budget approved by the Common Council.<ref name=2018sbbudget>{{cite web |title=City of South Bend, Indiana 2018 ADOPTED BUDGET |url=http://docs.southbendin.gov/WebLink/0/edoc/118091/0.%202018%20Budget%20Book.pdf |publisher=City of South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 12, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg also made a request for $24 million to fund new green spaces in the city<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a/> that was ultimately excluded from the budget.<ref name=2018sbbudget/>
+
+Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included $156,000 for paid [[parental leave]] to city employees.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Buttigieg seeks new paid parental leave benefit for city of South Bend employees |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-seeks-new-paid-parental-leave-benefit-for-city-of/article_f00804ae-1baf-5cbc-b274-efd551a7be3a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |language=en |date=September 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg proposes paid parental leave for South Bend city employees |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave-for-South-Bend-city-employees-444454133.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |language=english |date=September 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg Proposes Paid Parental Leave |url=https://southbendin.gov/2017/09/14/buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave/ |newspaper=South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City of South Bend offers new paid parental leave policy starting this year |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-offers-new-paid-parental-leave-policy-starting-this-year |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |date=January 8, 2018}}</ref>
+
+Buttigieg had expressed his openness to a proposal by the [[Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians]] to open a [[Native American gaming|tribal casino]] in South Bend.<ref name="blaskocasino1">{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend council approves casino deal |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-casino-deal/article_af188ea4-004f-11e6-b5f9-cf98677cd204.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> The Common Council approved a casino deal in April 2016,<ref name="blaskocasino1"/> and the Pokagon Band received federal clearance to put the land into a required trust in November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beckett |first1=Samantha |title=South Bend Casino Puts Gambling Next to America's Most Distinguished Catholic University |url=https://www.casino.org/news/south-bend-casino-next-to-distinguished-catholic-university/ |publisher=Casino.org |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ropeik |first1=Annie |title=Michiana Tribe Gets Land Trust Approval For South Bend Casino |url=https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/michiana-tribe-gets-land-trust-approval-for-south-bend-casino |publisher=[[WFYI (TV)]] |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Under a revenue-sharing agreement that the Pokagon Band voluntarily entered into with the city, the city receives the greater of 2% of the casino's annual [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act#Class II|Class II]] gaming revenues or either $1 million or $2 million (depending on the number of games at the casino).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Table games, sports betting and expansion coming to South Bend's Four Winds Casino? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/table-games-sports-betting-and-expansion-coming-to-south-bend/article_392ad128-1894-590b-b956-93fe1ec06d28.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City, agencies celebrate first local agreement distributions from Pokagon Band |url=http://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/cultural-highlight/city-agencies-celebrate-first-local-agreement-distributions-pokagon-band |publisher=Pokégnek Bodéwadmik (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi) |accessdate=November 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=South Bend, Pokagon Band reach agreements related to casino project |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-pokagon-band-reach-agreements-related-to-casino-project/article_6e2f14f6-f0fc-11e5-bf0b-4bf1365a3744.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> The casino opened in January 2018 as [[Four Winds Casinos|Four Winds]] South Bend.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian tribe with 3 Michigan casinos opens 1st in Indiana |url=https://apnews.com/63622de7d4f74232873686312f6e5568 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Ben |title=Four Winds opens South Bend location |url=https://apnews.com/6d772749eeae467990667c659d374e02 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In 2018, Women's Care Center, a [[crisis pregnancy center]] chain, petitioned the city to allow it to rezone a residential property to allow it to open a location adjacent to a planned Whole Woman's Health [[abortion clinic]] (which would be the only abortion clinic in the city, which had been without one since 2015).<ref name=abortiondodged>{{cite web |last1=Endicott |first1=Marisa |title="Beyond My Pay Grade": When Pete Buttigieg Had a Chance to Stand Firm on Abortion Rights, He Dodged |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/06/pete-buttigieg-abortion-clinic-south-bend-whole-womans-health-crisis/ |work=Mother Jones |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=June 13, 2019}}</ref> The rezoning case became a flashpoint between local [[United States anti-abortion movement|anti-abortion]] activists supporting the rezoning and [[United States abortion-rights movement|abortion-rights]] activists opposing it.<ref name=abortiondodged/> In April 2018, the city council voted 5-4 to allow the rezoning.<ref name=abortiondodged/> The group Pro Choice South Bend, which opposed the rezoning, organized a letter-writing campaign and other efforts to urge Buttigieg to use his [[veto]] power to block the rezoning.<ref name=abortiondodged/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Pro-abortion rights group urging South Bend mayor to veto anti-abortion group's rezoning |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pro-abortion-rights-group-urging-south-bend-mayor-to-veto/article_ec97b871-0625-5d76-b4b8-268fe5af64a1.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> Amid this, Buttigieg's office reportedly reached out to Whole Woman's Health Alliance and discussed various concerns.<ref name=abortiondodged/> Four days after the Common Council's vote to approve the rezoning, Buttigieg vetoed it, in a decision he described as "one of the hardest decisions I've ever made" as mayor.<ref name=abortiondodged/> In a letter to Common Council members, Buttigieg said he was persuaded by data provided by the abortion clinic showing that there were higher rates of threats, harassment, and violence at abortion clinics near crisis pregnancy centers, but was careful not to criticize the crisis pregnancy center, writing that he believed that representatives of both the abortion clinic and the crisis pregnancy center "are good residents who seek to support women by providing services consistent with their values."<ref name=abortiondodged/> In a press conference he held to explain his veto, he declared, "Issues on the morality or the legality of abortion are dramatically beyond my pay grade as mayor. For us this is a neighborhood issue, and it’s a zoning issue."<ref name=abortiondodged/> In mid-May 2018, Buttigieg said he was willing to work with Women's Care Center to find a different location in the area.<ref name=abortiondodged/> Women's Care Center eventually opened at a location across the street from the planned abortion clinic.<ref name=abortiondodged/> When Buttigieg ran for president, some criticized his assistance to Women's Care Center as a failure to stick strongly to his abortion-rights position.<ref name=abortiondodged/>
+
+Also in 2018, Buttigieg explored [[Municipal annexation in the United States|annexing]] several areas bordering the city<ref name="growthbeyondwithin">{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend looks for growth beyond and within its borders |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-looks-for-growth-beyond-and-within-its-borders/article_a323a9f9-06cb-5449-989f-d2e8a278499a.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 29, 2019 |date=June 3, 2018}}</ref> and redrawing the boundaries of several of the city's tax increment financing districts to better serve neighborhoods that had not benefited from redevelopment.<ref name="growthbeyondwithin"/>
+
+In August 2018, South Bend pledged a $3.7 million bond issue to assist the [[Potawatomi Zoo]] in funding its renovations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Caleb |title=City of South Bend plans to help pay for zoo projects |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-plans-to-help-pay-for-zoo/article_28c8b887-fa47-547b-9240-bc337b3f2efb.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=August 10, 2018}}</ref> In September, it was announced that the zoo renovation had obtained additional funding from the [[Indiana Economic Development Corporation]]'s Regional Cities Initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title=INDIANA'S OLDEST ZOO TO UNDERGO MAJOR UPGRADE |url=https://www.buildingindiana.com/indianas-oldest-zoo-to-undergoing-major-upgrade/ |publisher=Building Indiana |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=September 16, 2018}}</ref>
+
+In August 2018, Buttigieg declared an intent to include a focus on neighborhoods in his budget proposal for the 2019 fiscal year.<ref name=sbt2019budgetpropsoal1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor focuses 2019 budget on neighborhoods |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-focuses-budget-on-neighborhoods/article_4afcdb6e-6ab5-59e2-8b7f-914f3b49315e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 2, 2018}}</ref> In addition to improvements to infrastructure, such as [[street light|streetlight]]s, Buttigieg also promoted the expansion of the city's Group Violence Intervention efforts, which he believed were showing success at reducing violent crime among the city's youth.<ref name=sbt2019budgetpropsoal1/> The Common Council approved many of Buttigieg's requests in its 2019 budget.<ref name="2019budgetsbt1"/>
+
+====Speculations about higher office and national political involvement====
+Ahead of the 2016 election cycle, Buttigieg declined to run in the [[2016 United States Senate election in Indiana|United States Senate election in Indiana]].<ref name="pickfight">{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |last2=Butler |first2=Matthew |title=Gov. Pence prepares to pick a fight |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=June 25, 2015 |volume=20 |issue=39 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150625.pdf |accessdate=September 17, 2019}}</ref> He later campaigned on behalf of Democratic Senate nominee [[Evan Bayh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ICYMI: 'Evan Bayh Made Indiana Great Again' |url=https://www.indems.org/icymi-evan-bayh-made-indiana-great-again/ |publisher=Indiana Democratic Party |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref> He criticized Bayh's opponent, [[Todd Young]], for having voiced support in 2010 for retaining the military's [[don't ask, don't tell]] policy, which Bayh had [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|voted to repeal]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Buttigieg gets involved in Senate race, draws attention to 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/buttigieg-gets-involved-in-senate-race-draws-attention-to-don/article_2ea1d2ce-7f8b-11e6-b552-87cd6284d82e.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 21, 2016}}</ref> In the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2016 Democratic presidential primaries]], Buttigieg endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Strauss |first1=Daniel |title=Sanders seeks to end his free fall |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/indiana-sanders-clinton-222687 |website=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=May 2, 2016}}</ref> He also endorsed Democratic nominee Lynn Coleman in [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|that year's election]] for [[Indiana's 2nd congressional district]], which includes South Bend.<ref>{{cite web |title=DCCC Chair Luján Names Lynn Coleman to Emerging Races |url=https://dccc.org/dccc-chair-lujan-names-lynn-coleman-emerging-races/ |publisher=Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 23, 2016}}</ref>
+
+In 2016, ''[[New York Times]]'' columnist [[Frank Bruni]] published a column praising Buttigieg's work as mayor with a headline asking if he might be "the first gay president".<ref name="FrankBruni">{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Bruni |title=The First Gay President? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/opinion/sunday/the-first-gay-president.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 11, 2016 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref> Additionally, [[Barack Obama]] was cited as mentioning him as one of the Democratic Party's talents in a profile on the former president conducted by ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Remnick |first1=David |title=Obama Reckons with a Trump Presidency |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/obama-reckons-with-a-trump-presidency |website=[[The New Yorker]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
+
+For the [[2018 United States elections|2018 midterms]], Buttigieg founded the political action committee [[Hitting Home PAC]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buttigieg |first1=Pete |title=Hitting Home: a new politics of the everyday |url=https://medium.com/the-moment-by-pete-for-america/hitting-home-a-new-politics-of-the-everyday-76316121f06a |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |accessdate=September 9, 2019|date=June 22, 2017 }}</ref> That October, Buttigieg personally endorsed 21 congressional candidates.<ref name=indianapolismonthlynovember2018>{{cite web |last1=Wren |first1=Adam |title=Pete Buttigieg Has His Eye On The Prize |url=https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature |website=Indianapolis Monthly |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> He also later endorsed Mel Hall, Democratic nominee in [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|the election]] for Indiana's 2nd congressional district.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ortega |first1=Veronica |title=South Bend's mayor is throwing his support behind Democrat Mel Hall |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bends-mayor-is-throwing-his-support-behind-democrat-mel-hall |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=November 1, 2018}}</ref> Buttigieg also campaigned in support of Joe Donnelly's reelection campaign in the [[2018 United States Senate election in Indiana|United States Senate election in Indiana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg, other Hoosier veterans launch South Bend 'Veterans for Joe' with press conference |url=https://joeforindiana.com/updates/mayor-pete-buttigieg-other-hoosier-veterans-launch-south-bend-veterans-for-joe-with-press-conference/ |publisher=Donnelly for Indiana |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg campaigned for candidates in more than a dozen states, including early presidential primary states such as [[Iowa]] and [[South Carolina]], a move indicating potential interest in running for president.<ref name=indianapolismonthlynovember2018/>
+
+====Succession as mayor====
+In December 2018, Buttigieg announced that he would not seek a third term as mayor of South Bend.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-will-not-seek-a-third-term-as-south/article_0399eb60-365a-5f18-b98c-de8cc9010831.html|title=Pete Buttigieg will not seek a third term as South Bend mayor|first=Jeff|last=Parrott|date=December 18, 2018|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref> In February 2019, Buttigieg endorsed [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]] in the [[2019 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|2019 South Bend mayoral election]].<ref name=sbt1/><ref>{{cite web |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg endorses James Mueller as his pick to replace him
+|url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-endorses-james-mueller-as-his-pick-to-replace-him |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=October 24, 2019 |date=February 11, 2019}}</ref> Mueller was a high-school classmate of Buttigieg's and his mayoral chief of staff, and later executive director of the South Bend Department of Community Investment.<ref name=sbt1/> Mueller's campaign promised to continue the progress that had been made under Buttigieg's mayoralty.<ref name=abc57a>{{cite web |last1=Hudson |first1=Melissa |title=Primary election: James Mueller wins Democratic nomination for South Bend mayor |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/primary-election-south-bend-mayoral-race |website=ABC 57 |publisher=[[WBND-LD]] |accessdate=May 23, 2019 |date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg appeared in campaign ads for Mueller and donated to Mueller's campaign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Becker |first1=Lauren |title=Slew of Democrats hoping to replace Buttigieg busy fundraising, mobilizing voters |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/slew-of-democrats-hoping-to-replace-buttigieg-busy-fundraising-mobilizing-voters |publisher=[[WSBT-TV|WSBT]] |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |date=May 2, 2019}}</ref> Mueller won the May 2019 Democratic primary with 37% of the vote in a crowded field.<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Primary Election: Official Results|url=https://www.sjcindiana.com/1647/2019-Primary-Election|publisher=St. Joseph County, Indiana}}</ref><ref name=sbt1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=James Mueller rolls to victory in South Bend mayoral primary |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/james-mueller-rolls-to-victory-in-south-bend-mayoral-primary/article_4139cab3-c713-5d9c-be70-7387ef7b806d.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=May 23, 2019 |date=May 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Top Buttigieg Aide Wins South Bend Mayoral Primary |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/top-buttigieg-mayoral-aide-wins-primary-to-lead-indiana-city |accessdate=October 24, 2019 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> In the November 2019 general election, Mueller defeated Republican nominee Sean M. Haas with 63% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|title=Election Summary Report: General Election, Tuesday, November 5, 2019|url=https://www.sjcindiana.com/DocumentCenter/View/28489/2019-General-Election-Summary---Unofficial|publisher=St. Joseph County, Indiana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Democrat James Mueller voted as South Bend's next mayor |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/democrat-james-mueller-voted-as-south-bends-next-mayor |publisher=[[WSBT-TV]] |accessdate=November 6, 2019 |date=November 5, 2019}}</ref> Mueller took office on [[New Year's Day]] 2020.<ref name="NYTsuccessor">{{cite news |last1=Gabriel |first1=Trip |title=He's Not 'Mayor Pete' Anymore: Buttigieg's Successor Is Sworn In |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/01/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend.html |accessdate=12 February 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 January 2020}}</ref>
+
+== 2017 DNC chair election ==
+
+In January 2017, Buttigieg announced his candidacy for chair of the [[Democratic National Committee]] in its [[2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election|2017 chairmanship election]].<ref>{{cite news| first= Jonathan | last= Martin | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/05/us/pete-buttigieg-democratic-national-committee-chairman-race.html | title= Indiana Mayor Running for D.N.C. Chairman | work= [[The New York Times]] | date= January 5, 2017 | accessdate= March 18, 2019}}</ref> He built a national profile as an emerging dark horse in the race for the chairmanship with the backing of former DNC chairman [[Howard Dean]], former [[Maryland]] governor [[Martin O'Malley]], Indiana senator [[Joe Donnelly]], and [[North Dakota]] senator [[Heidi Heitkamp]].<ref name="Seitz-Wald">{{cite news| first= Alex | last= Seitz-Wald | url= https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/dnc-race-democrats-elect-new-leader-saturday-n725596 |title=DNC Race: Democrats Elect New Leader Saturday |website=[[NBC News]] | date= February 25, 2017 | accessdate= February 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Fritze">{{cite news| first= John |last= Fritze |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-backs-pete-buttigieg-over-tom-perez-for-dnc-20170208-story.html | title= Martin O'Malley backs Pete Buttigieg (over Tom Perez) for DNC | newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] | accessdate= February 8, 2017}}</ref> Buttigieg "campaigned on the idea that the aging Democratic Party needed to empower its millennial members".<ref name="Seitz-Wald"/>
+
+Former [[United States Secretary of Labor|U.S. secretary of labor]] [[Tom Perez]] and [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] [[Keith Ellison]] quickly emerged as the favored candidates of a majority of DNC members. Buttigieg withdrew from the race on the day of the election without endorsing a candidate, and Perez was elected chair after two rounds of voting.<ref name="Seitz-Wald" />
+
+== 2020 presidential election ==
+{{Main|Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign}}
+{{see|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}
+[[File:PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg announcing his [[2020 United States presidential election|candidacy for President in 2020]] on April 14, 2019|215x215px]]
+
+On January 23, 2019, Buttigieg announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to run for [[President of the United States]] in the upcoming [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]].<ref name="CNNExploratory">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/pete-buttigieg-2020-president/index.html|title=Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, jumps into 2020 race|last=Merica|first=Dan|date=January 23, 2019|accessdate=January 25, 2019|website=CNN}}</ref> Buttigieg is seeking the Democratic Party nomination for president.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/breaking-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-joins-presidential-race/article_c2ca8722-70b4-5b40-9d10-14ee798fbb8d.html|title=Breaking: South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg joins 2020 presidential race|first=Sara|last=Burnett|date=January 23, 2019|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend-president.html|title=Pete Buttigieg, Mayor of South Bend, Ind., Joins Democratic 2020 Race|last1=Burns|first1=Alexander|date=January 23, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=January 23, 2019}}</ref> If elected, he would be the youngest and first openly gay American president.<ref name=CNNExploratory/> Buttigieg officially launched his campaign on April 14, 2019, in South Bend.<ref name=Segran-190414 /><ref name="CNNPeteAnnounce">{{cite news |last1=Merica |first1=Dan |title=Pete Buttigieg officially announces presidential campaign |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/14/politics/pete-buttigieg-presidential-campaign/index.html |accessdate=April 14, 2019 |work=CNN |date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Buttigieg describes himself as a progressive and a supporter of [[democratic capitalism]].<ref name="Beauchamp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/3/28/18283925/pete-buttigieg-mayor-pete-interview-capitalism|title=Pete Buttigieg makes the case for "democratic capitalism"|last=Beauchamp|first=Zack|date=March 28, 2019|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=April 1, 2019}}</ref> Historian David Mislin identifies Buttigieg as a pragmatic progressive in the tradition of the [[Social Gospel]] movement once strong in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]].<ref>David Mislin, [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/11/07/Pete-Buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-of-Social-Gospel/6261573132113/ Pete Buttigieg reviving pragmatic, progressive ideals of Social Gospel], UPI (November 7, 2019), republished at ''[https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/pete-buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-social-gospel-movement-94506 The National Interest]'' (November 11, 2019).</ref> Buttigieg identifies [[regulatory capture]] as a significant problem in American society.<ref name=Beauchamp/>
+
+In early February 2020, Buttigieg led the [[2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses]] results with 26.2% to [[Bernie Sanders]]’ 26.1%, winning 14 delegates to Sanders’s 12.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/politics/iowa-caucus-results/index.html|title=Pete Buttigieg keeps narrow lead in Iowa caucuses with 100% of precincts reporting|author1=Dan Merica |author2=Jeff Zeleny |author3=Adam Levy|website=CNN|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theweek.com/10things/894837/10-things-need-know-today-february-10-2020|title=10 things you need to know today: February 10, 2020|date=2020-02-10|website=theweek.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref> The [[LGBTQ Victory Fund]], Buttigieg’s first national endorsement,{{efn|He was endorsed in June 2019 on the [[Stonewall 50th anniversary|50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising]].}} noted the historical first of an LGBTQ candidate winning a state presidential primary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://victoryfund.org/news/pete-buttigiegs-iowa-victory-a-milestone-in-u-s-history-america-on-track-to-elect-its-first-gay-president/|title=Pete Buttigieg's Iowa Victory A Milestone in U.S. History; America On-Track to Elect Its First Gay President|last=Keith|first=Jarod|website=LGBTQ Victory Fund|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
+
+== Political positions ==
+{{Main|Political positions of Pete Buttigieg}}
+{{POV-section|date=February 2020}}
+=== Abortion ===
+Buttigieg supports [[abortion rights]]<ref name=":6">{{cite web |last1=Relman |first1=Eliza |title=Pete Buttigieg is running for President in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-pete-buttigieg-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-3 |website=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Charlotte|last=Alter|title=Pete Buttigieg enters presidential race with a message of generational change |url=https://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]]|location=New York City|date=April 14, 2019|accessdate=April 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428031517/http://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/ |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the repeal of the [[Hyde Amendment]], which blocks federal funding for abortion services in all but the most extreme circumstances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's political stances |url=https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances |website=iSideWith |accessdate=April 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428023553/https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, as mayor, Buttigieg vetoed a South Bend Common Council rezoning decision that would have allowed an anti-abortion [[crisis pregnancy center]] to open next door to a planned abortion clinic.<ref>
+*{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html|title=South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|first=Jeff|last=Parrott|date=April 28, 2018|access-date=October 13, 2019}}
+*{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend |title=An abortion clinic is suing to open in Pete Buttigieg's city. It could test his skills on a national stage. |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last=North |first=Anna |date=March 27, 2019 |accessdate=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420060334/https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}
+*{{cite news |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html |title=South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning |last=Parrot |first=Jeff |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323063853/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=abortiondodged/>
+
+In May 2019, after the [[Alabama Legislature]] passed [[Human Life Protection Act|legislation outlawing virtually all abortion services in the state]], Buttigieg said that it was "ignoring science, criminalizing abortion, and punishing women".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pete-buttigieg-fox-news-town-hall_n_5ce1db9be4b00e035b928161 |title=Pete Buttigieg: 'I trust women to draw the line' on their own abortions |last=Karanth |first=Sanjana |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=August 17, 2019 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
+
+=== Climate change ===
+[[Image:Mayor Pete at Roosevelt High School (48891405907).jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg at a town hall meeting on October 12, 2019 in [[Des Moines]] with supporters holding signs saying Climate is a Crisis.]]
+Buttigieg released a plan to combat [[climate change]] consisting of three parts: building a clean economy through the creation of [[renewable energy|clean energy]] jobs; improving [[Climate resilience|resilience]] by investing in disaster relief and prevention; and heightening the United States' role in the international fight against climate change.<ref name="climateplan">{{cite web |last1=Buttigieg |first1=Pete |title=Mobilizing America: Rising to the Climate Challenge |url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6380609/Buttigieg-Climate-Plan.pdf |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=October 20, 2019 |pages=1–2 }}</ref> His proposal sets benchmarks of doubling clean electricity in the U.S. by 2025, zero emissions in electricity generation by 2035, net-zero emissions from industrial vehicles by 2040, and net-zero emissions by 2050.<ref name="climateplan" />
+
+Buttigieg has said that, if elected, he will restore the United States' commitment to the [[Paris Climate Agreement]] and double its pledge to the [[Green Climate Fund]]. In June 2017, he was one of 407 U.S. mayors who signed a pact to adhere to the agreement after [[President Trump]] announced his decision to withdraw from it.<ref name="pbs" /> Buttigieg also supports the [[Green New Deal]] proposed by House Democrats.<ref name=Janes-190316>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html |title=Pete Buttigieg, the young and openly gay Midwest mayor, finds a voice in crowded Democratic presidential field | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=March 16, 2019 | accessdate=March 24, 2019 |first=Chelsea | last=Janes | first2=Michael | last2=Scherer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324113006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don | archive-date=March 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC|title=Buttigieg backs Green New Deal resolution|work=[[CNN]]|via=[[MSN]]|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223233/https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC|archive-date=March 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
+
+Buttigieg favors [[solar panel]] subsidies and a [[Carbon fee and dividend|carbon tax and dividend]] policy to reduce [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[NBC News]]|title=Democratic Presidential Debate|date=June 27, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX7hni-zGD8&feature=youtu.be&t=4460|access-date=July 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html|title=Mayor Pete to President Pete? It's crazy, but he thinks his ideas aren't.|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306135526/https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=March 7, 2019}}</ref>
+
+===Criminal justice===
+Buttigieg supports eliminating the death penalty.<ref name=Steinhauser-190404>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations | title=Buttigieg calls for scrapping death penalty, supporting slavery reparations | work=[[Fox News]] | date=April 4, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Paul | last=Steinhauser | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404175113/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations | archive-date=April 4, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> On marijuana, Buttigieg has supported [[Cannabis in Canada|Canada-style legalization]], saying: "The safe, regulated, and legal sale of marijuana is an idea whose time has come for the United States, as evidenced by voters demanding legalization in states across the country."<ref name=Martin-190226>{{cite news |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg | title=Marijuana is no longer a fringe issue for 2020 presidential candidates | work=[[The Boston Globe]] | date=February 26, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Naomi | last=Martin | first2=James | last2=Pindell | first3=Saurabh | last3=Datar | first4=Irfan | last4=Uraizee | first5=Patrick | last5=Garvin | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327131242/https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg | archive-date=March 27, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> He supports moving toward reversing criminal sentences for minor drug-related offenses,<ref name=Higgins-190404/> and eliminating incarceration for drug possession offenses.<ref>{{cite web|author=Brooke Singman|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-incarceration-drug-possession|title=Pete Buttigieg calls for elimination of incarceration for drug possession offenses|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=October 26, 2019}}</ref> Though acknowledging the problematic nature of the disparity in black and white marijuana arrests, South Bend's black residents were 4.3 times likelier under Buttigieg to be arrested for Cannabis possession than white residents. This represents a rate higher than Indiana (3.5 times likelier) and the U.S. (3 times likelier).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/11/26/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-marijuana-arrests/|title=PETE BUTTIGIEG SAYS MARIJUANA ARRESTS SIGNIFY "SYSTEMIC RACISM." HIS SOUTH BEND POLICE FIT THE BILL.|date=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecrimereport.org/2019/11/27/racial-disparity-high-in-pot-arrests-under-buttigieg/|title=Racial Disparity High In Pot Arrests Under Buttigieg|date=November 27, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In 2019, Buttigieg called for the U.S. to "decriminalize mental illness and addiction through diversion, treatment, and [[Prisoner reentry|re-entry]] programs" with a goal of decreasing "the number of people incarcerated due to mental illness or substance use by 75% in the first term."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pete-buttigieg-unveils-plan-to-improve-mental-health-care-and-fight-addiction/|title=Buttigieg unveils plan to improve mental health care and fight addiction|publisher=CBS News|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/mental-health/|title=Healing and Belonging in America|website=Pete For America|language=en-US|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref>
+
+===Economy, commerce, and workers’ rights===
+[[Image:Pete Buttigieg (48646620607).jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg speaking at the 2019 Iowa Federation of Labor Convention.]]
+Buttigieg has frequently pointed to automation as the chief cause of the great loss of manufacturing jobs nationwide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf|title=The Axe Files episode 129|publisher=University of Chicago|date=March 13, 2017|accessdate=March 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215231658/https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf|archive-date=February 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He has spoken of the need to work with labor unions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html|title=Keynote speaker at Washington Days sees similarities between Indiana and Kansas|last=Cisneros|first=Juan|website=WIBW|date=March 3, 2018|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081010/https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> As a self-proclaimed [[democratic capitalism|democratic capitalist]], Buttigieg rejects [[crony capitalism]] and supports a constitutional amendment to protect democracy from the undue and corrupting influence of money in politics.<ref name=Turner-190320>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html | title=2020 Democratic candidate Pete Buttigieg says this is 'the biggest problem with capitalism right now' | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 20, 2019 | accessdate=March 22, 2019 | first=Ashley | last=Turner | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321012329/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html | archive-date=March 21, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> He is receptive to the possibility of antitrust actions against large technology companies but more focused on privacy and data security concerns.<ref name=Lizza-190302>{{cite news |url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/ | title=The Esquire Interview: Mayor Peter Buttigieg | work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] | date=March 2, 2019 | accessdate=March 24, 2019 | first=Ryan | last=Lizza | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324114203/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/ | archive-date=March 24, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
+
+In 2010, Buttigieg praised the passage of the [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg comments on financial reform act |url=http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2617 |website=Pete for Indiana |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=July 21, 2010}}</ref>
+
+While running for Indiana state treasurer in 2010, Buttigieg described his record as [[Fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]],<ref name=timesunion2march/> and supported the [[Community Reinvestment Act]] (CRA), proposing that Indiana choose to deposit state funds in banks that were compliant with CRA obligations.<ref name=Dick>{{cite news |last1=Dick|first1=Stephen|url=https://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/state_news/state-treasurer-candidate-wants-banks-to-help-communities/article_fd91f22a-f272-53d8-ad06-f261cb2d7f23.html|title=State treasurer candidate wants banks to help communities |work=[[The Herald Bulletin]] |date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg: Expect more from banks |url=http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2628 |website=Pete for Indiana |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=July 29, 2010}}</ref>
+
+In July 2019, Buttigieg released a plan to strengthen union bargaining power, to raise the [[Minimum wage in the United States|minimum wage]] to $15, and to offer national paid family leave.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/empowering-workers/|title=A New Rising Tide|website=Pete For America|language=en-US|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref>
+
+===Education===
+Buttigieg's education plan includes a $700 billion investment in universal full-day child care and pre-K for all children from infancy to age 5.<ref name="mainsiteedu">{{cite web |title=Keeping the Promise for America's Children |url=https://peteforamerica.com/policies/education/ |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Buttigieg also wants to triple Title I funding for schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's education plan highlights broad agreement among Democrats on K-12 policy — though differences on charters remain |url=https://chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2019/12/07/mayor-pete-buttigieg-k-12-education-plan-charter-schools/ |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Other goals include doubling the amount of new teachers of color in the next 10 years, addressing school segregation with a $500 million fund, paying teachers more, expanding mental health services in schools, and creating more after-school programs and summer learning opportunities.<ref name="mainsiteedu"/>
+
+His plan for debt-free college partially involves expanding Pell Grants for low and middle-income students, as well as other investments and ending Trump's tax cuts for the wealthy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's College Affordability Plan: The Goldilocks Solution |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2019/11/12/pete-buttigiegs-college-affordability-plan-the-goldilocks-solution/#669ca4a4545d |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Under his plan, the bottom 80% of students would get free college, with the other 20% paying some or all of the tuition themselves on a sliding scale.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whistle |first1=Wesley |title=Mayor Pete's Middle Of The Road Plan For Higher Education |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wesleywhistle/2019/11/14/mayor-petes-middle-of-the-road-plan-for-higher-education/#513cbe727052 |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>
+
+===Elections and voting rights===
+Buttigieg favors the abolition of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/|title=Deconstructed Podcast: Mayor Pete Buttigieg on Trump, Islamophobia, and His Presidential Bid|last=Deconstructed|date=March 21, 2019|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328112002/https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/|archive-date=March 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also called for [[Felony disenfranchisement in the United States|restoring voting rights to felons]] who have completed their prison sentences,<ref name=Higgins-190404>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html | title=Democratic hopeful Pete Buttigieg addresses 'all lives matter' controversy, says he no longer uses the phrase | work=[[CNBC]] | date=April 4, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Tucker | last=Higgins | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162341/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html | archive-date=April 4, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think|title=Buttigieg on whether felons should be able to vote from prison: 'I don't think so'|last=Greenwood|first=Max|date=April 22, 2019|website=TheHill|language=en|access-date=April 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423052624/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think|archive-date=April 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and made election security a primary part of his platform.<ref>{{cite web |title=Security means protecting our democracy. |url=https://peteforamerica.com/issues/#ElectionSecurity |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>
+
+=== Foreign policy and national security===
+Buttigieg has said that he believes the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan]] following the [[September 11 attacks]] was justified<ref name=Lizza-190302 /> but now supports withdrawing American troops from the region with a maintained intelligence presence.<ref name="pbs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues|title=What does Pete Buttigieg believe? Where the candidate stands on 7 issues|date=February 15, 2019|website=[[PBS NewsHour]]|language=en-us|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306222851/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a committed supporter of [[Israel]],<ref name="Ward-190403">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine | title=Democrats are increasingly critical of Israel. Not Pete Buttigieg. | work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] | date=April 3, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Alex | last=Ward | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403233033/https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine | archive-date=April 3, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Nahmias">Omri Nahmias, [https://www.jpost.com/International/Buttigieg-US-support-for-Israel-is-not-support-for-annexation-606093 Pete Buttigieg: U.S. support for Israel is not support for annexation], ''Jerusalem Post'' (October 29, 2019).</ref> favors a [[two-state solution]] to the [[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]],<ref name=Nahmias/><ref>Jackson Richmand, [https://www.jns.org/record-at-a-glance-mayor-pete-buttigieg-supports-two-state-solution-blames-hamas-for-lack-of-peace/ Record at a glance: Mayor Pete Buttigieg supports two-state solution, blames Hamas for lack of peace], Jewish News Syndicate (April 15, 2019).</ref> opposes [[Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank|proposals for Israel to annex]] the [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli-occupied]] [[West Bank]],<ref name=Nahmias/> and disapproves of Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'s comments in support of [[Israeli law in the West Bank settlements|applying Israeli law]] in Jewish settlements in the West Bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/|title=Democratic presidential candidate pans PM's 'harmful' comments on settlements|website=Times of Israel|date=April 7, 2019|access-date=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409120427/https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/|archive-date=April 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
+
+Regarding the [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis]], Buttigieg told ''[[HuffPost]]'' that as a supporter of free and fair elections, he is amenable to potential sanctions but not a military intervention.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/venezuela-juan-guaido-donald-trump-2020-democrats_n_5c520bd0e4b04f8645c745f4 |title=Where Democratic Presidential Contenders Stand On The Venezuelan Crisis |last=Marans |first=Daniel|last2=Robins-Early |first2=Nick|last3=Waldron |first3=Travis |date=January 31, 2019 |website=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=May 27, 2019}}</ref> On June 11, 2019, Buttigieg said: "We will remain open to working with a regime like the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the benefit of the American people. But we can no longer sell out our deepest values for the sake of fossil fuel access and lucrative business deals."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Democratic candidates on foreign policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020-election/ |work=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Buttigieg supports ending U.S. support for Saudi Arabia in [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Where 2020 Democrats stand on foreign policy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/foreign-policy/ |work=The Washington Post |date=November 21, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Buttigieg has condemned [[China]] for its [[Xinjiang re-education camps|mass detention of ethnic Uyghurs]] in [[Xinjiang]], calling it a "a shocking, merciless campaign to erase the religious and ethnic identity of millions" that the U.S. should stand against.<ref>{{cite news |title=China Bashes NYT's Xinjiang Story as Warren, Buttigieg Criticize |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-18/china-bashes-nyt-s-xinjiang-story-as-warren-buttigieg-criticize |work=Bloomberg |date=November 18, 2019}}</ref> He criticized Trump's decision to [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|withdraw U.S. troops from Syria]], which critics say gave [[Turkey]] the green light to launch its [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|military offensive]] against Syrian Kurds.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Pete Decries Trump's Decision to Withdraw Troops from Northern Syria |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/10/mayor-pete-decries-trumps-decision-to-withdraw-troops-from-northern-syria/ |work=Mother Jones |date=October 13, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In 2019, Buttigieg said he was "troubled" by President Obama's 2017 decision to commute the sentence of [[Chelsea Manning]], who was convicted of disclosing classified documents to [[WikiLeaks]]. He also gave a mixed evaluation of [[Edward Snowden]]'s disclosure of classified information, saying, "we've learned things about abuses and that one way or another that needed to come out", but that "the way for that to come out is through Congressional oversight, not through a breach of classified information".<ref name=Dorsey>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/|title=2020 candidate Pete Buttigieg "troubled" by clemency for Chelsea Manning|first=Steve|last=Dorsey|publisher=CBS News|date=March 11, 2019|accessdate=March 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153527/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
+
+=== Health care ===
+Buttigieg opposed Republican [[Efforts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act|efforts]] to repeal the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]].<ref name=swoon/>
+
+In 2018, Buttigieg said he favored [[United States National Health Care Act|Medicare for All]].<ref>Daniel Strauss, [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/buttigieg-tweet-medicare-for-all-048745 Buttigieg backed 'Medicare for All' in 2018 tweet], ''Politico'' (October 16, 2019).</ref> During his presidential campaign, Buttigieg has promoted "Medicare for All Who Want It" (a [[public option]] for health insurance).<ref>Abby Goodnough, [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/health/public-option-medicare-for-all.html 'Public Option' Draws Voters Unsure About 'Medicare for All'], ''New York Times'' (November 24, 2019).</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/2019/11/08/774716877/just-the-right-policy-pete-buttigieg-on-his-medicare-for-all-who-want-it-plan 'Just The Right Policy': Pete Buttigieg On His 'Medicare For All Who Want It' Plan], NPR, ''Morning Edition'' (November 8, 2019).</ref><ref name=JuneDebateTran>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/06/28/transcript-night-first-democratic-debate/ Transcript: Night 2 of the first Democratic debate] (June 28, 2019).</ref> He has spoken favorably of Maryland's [[all-payer rate setting]].<ref name=CSPAN/> Buttigieg has described "Medicare for All Who Want It" as inclusive, more efficient than the current system, and a possible precursor or "glide path" to [[single-payer health insurance]].<ref name=CSPAN>{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee|title=Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg Launches 2020 Exploratory Committee|date=January 23, 2019|publisher=C-SPAN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081238/https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1%2Findiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=JuneDebateTran/> He also favors a partial expansion of Medicare that would allow Americans ages 50 to 64 to buy into Medicare, and supports proposed legislation (the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act), that would "create a fund to guarantee up to 12 weeks of partial income for workers to care for newborn children or family members with serious illnesses."<ref name=WaPoHealthCare>Kevin Uhrmacher, Kevin Schaul, Paulina Firozi and Jeff Stein, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/medicare-for-all/ Where 2020 Democrats stand on Health Care], ''Washington Post'' (last updated December 11, 2019).</ref>
+
+In August 2019, Buttigieg released a $300 billion plan to expand mental health care services and fight addiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/23/pete-buttigieg-mental-health-addiction-1472516|title=How Pete Buttigieg would tackle the mental health and addiction crisis|last=Ehley|first=Brianna|website=[[Politico]]|language=en|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>
+
+=== Immigration ===
+Buttigieg supports [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA) and has drawn attention to the Trump administration's aggressive deportation policies. He defended a resident of [[Granger, Indiana]], who was deported after living in the U.S. for 17 years despite regularly checking in with ICE and applying for a green card.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8|title=Why These Trump Voters Are Sticking Up For An Undocumented Neighbor|last=Buttigieg|first=Pete|date=March 21, 2017|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en-US|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317050924/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8|archive-date=March 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
+
+Buttigieg has said Trump has been reckless in sending American troops to the southern border and that it is a measure of last resort.<ref>{{Citation|last=CBS News|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg on the experience he'd bring to the 2020 presidential campaign|date=January 31, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401040137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc|archive-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
+
+=== Infrastructure ===
+
+If elected, Buttigieg has pledged about $1 trillion for various infrastructure projects, over the next 10 years. He estimates this funding would create at least 6,000,000 jobs. Many of the planned projects have environmental goals such as reliance on green energy. Other goals include protecting tap water from lead, fixing roads and bridges, improving public transportation, repairing schools, guaranteeing broadband internet access, and preparing communities for floods and other natural disasters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forconstructionpros.com/asphalt/news/21109945/presidential-candidate-buttigieg-promises-to-pass-infrastructure-legislation-if-elected|title=Presidential Candidate Buttigieg Promises to Pass Infrastructure Legislation if Elected|website=For Construction Pros}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/01/14/environmental-impacts-buttigiegs-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan/4430332002/|title=The environmental impacts of Buttigieg's $1 trillion infrastructure plan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resources.peteforamerica.com/documents/Palm-Cards-Printable_Infrastructure.pdf|title=Campaign Infrastructure fact sheet}}</ref>
+
+=== Judicial issues ===
+Buttigieg has expressed support for [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] structural reform, emphasizing depoliticization and suggesting the court be expanded to 15 members, five of whom would be selected only by unanimous consensus of the other ten.<ref name="auto"/>
+
+===Donald Trump===
+Buttigieg supported the [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump]], saying, "He's made it clear that he deserves to be impeached."<ref name=Deadline>[https://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/mayor-pete-buttigieg-he-s-made-it-clear-that-he-deserves-to-be-impeached-69697093733 Mayor Pete Buttigieg: 'He’s made it clear that he deserves to be impeached'], MSNBC, ''Deadline White House'' (Sept. 23, 2019).</ref> But he has also said there would be "a lot of benefit" if Trump were defeated in 2020 instead of being removed from office via the impeachment process,<ref>James Pindell, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/31/buttigieg-says-there-would-lot-benefit-trump-were-defeated-instead-removed-from-office/ktUrja3zexlNLxBPOP2tbM/story.html Buttigieg says there would be 'a lot of benefit' if Trump were instead of removed from office], ''Boston Globe'' (October 31, 2019).</ref> and that the only true resolution would be to defeat Trump, along with his Republican "enablers" in Congress, in his bid for reelection.<ref name=Deadline/>
+
+=== Racial equality ===
+<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Pete Buttigieg NAACP 110th National Convention.jpg|thumb|Buttigieg at the [[NAACP]] 110th National Convention, discussing his Douglass Plan|alt=|215x215px|right]] -->
+In May 2019, Buttigieg warned that President [[Donald Trump]] and his administration were using white identity politics, which he identified as the most divisive form of [[identity politics]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Maureen|last=Groppe|title=Pete Buttigieg says Donald Trump's white 'identity politics' contributing to a 'crisis of belonging'|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/05/12/pete-buttigieg-says-donald-trump-divides-white-identity-politics/1151265001/|newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pete Buttigieg warns Democrats about lure of identity politics|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/12/pete-buttigieg-human-rights-campaign-trump|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, he shared his "Douglass Plan", named after [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] [[Frederick Douglass]], to address systemic racism in America.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/ede3a14f794e423388eef7162def7358|title=2020 hopeful Buttigieg pitches plan to fight systemic racism|last=Burnett|first=Sara|date=July 2, 2019|agency=Associated Press|access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg compared the plan's scope to that of the U.S.'s [[Marshall Plan]], which invested funds in war-torn Europe after [[World War II]], and said it would address "opportunity for minority businesses, strengthening voting rights, and reforming the criminal justice system". The initiative would allocate $10 billion to [[African-American entrepreneurship]] over five years, grant $25 billion to [[historically black colleges]], legalize marijuana, expunge drug convictions, halve the federal prison population, and propose a federal New Voting Rights Act designed to increase voting access.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/740279980/buttigieg-proposes-broad-plan-to-counter-racial-inequality|title=Buttigieg Proposes Broad Plan To Counter Racial Inequality|website=NPR.org}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
+
+=== Social issues ===
+[[File:Pete buttigieg supporters pride parade boston 2019.jpg|thumb|right|Pete Buttigieg supporters marching in the 2019 Boston [[Pride parade|Pride Parade]]|alt=|215x215px|left]]
+Buttigieg favors amending civil rights legislation with the [[Equality Act (United States)|Federal Equality Act]] so that LGBT Americans receive federal non-discrimination protections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/|title=Pete Buttigieg makes pitch to LGBT voters in bid to become first out gay president|date=February 5, 2019|website=Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights|language=en-US|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081135/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He opposes the ban on transgender military participation enacted under Trump.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban|title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg weighs in on transgender military ban|website=ABC57|language=en|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043108/https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Dorsey />
+
+Buttigieg supports expanding opportunities for [[National service in the United States|national service]], and has expressed support for a "social norm" of a voluntary year of national service for those turning 18 years old.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg: We need generational change in politics |url=https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622 |website=Morning Joe |publisher=MSNBC |accessdate=March 31, 2019 |date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321013356/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622 |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea|title=Mandatory national service is a terrible idea|last=Kristian|first=Bonnie|date=April 19, 2019|website=[[The Week]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427085103/https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea|archive-date=April 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=April 27, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019 Buttigieg announced a plan to increase participation in [[National service in the United States|national service organizations]] like [[AmeriCorps]] and the [[Peace Corps]], as well as creating new ones dedicated to "fighting [[climate change]], treating mental health and addiction, and providing caregiving for older people".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.towleroad.com/2019/07/pete-buttigieg-public-service/ |title=Pete Buttigieg Unveils Plan That Would Quickly Triple Participation in U.S. Public Service Programs|date=July 3, 2019 |website=Towleroad Gay News |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> The initiative prioritizes volunteering in predominantly minority communities and rural areas by tripling programs to 250,000 people at first, then expanding to one million by 2026.<ref name=":1" />
+
+Buttigieg opposes free college tuition because he believes it unfairly subsidizes higher-income families at the expense of lower-income people who do not attend college. This position distinguishes him from other progressives who support free college tuition for all.<ref name=Berman-190405>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-argues-against-free-college-this-is-why-progressives-cant-agree-about-subsidizing-tuition/?noredirect=on | title=Pete Buttigieg argues against free college. This is why progressives can't agree about subsidizing tuition. | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=April 5, 2019 | accessdate=April 5, 2019 | first=Elizabeth | last=Berman}}</ref> Buttigieg supports initiatives to make college more affordable.<ref name=Kreighbaum-190405>{{cite news |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college | title=Buttigieg Rejects Free College | work=[[Inside Higher Ed]] | date=April 5, 2019 | accessdate=April 5, 2019 | first=Andrew | last=Kreighbaum | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405205122/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college | archive-date=April 5, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
+
+=== Statehood ===
+Buttigieg supports [[Statehood movement in the District of Columbia|statehood for the District of Columbia]], and said that he would support [[Statehood movement in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico statehood]] if desired by the [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican people]].<ref name="auto"/>
+
+== Personal life ==
+[[File:StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]], which Buttigieg attends]]
+Buttigieg is a Christian,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/pete-buttigieg-democrat-2020-presidential-election |title=Pete Buttigieg for president? Long-shot stands out in crowded field. |last=Gambino |first=Lauren |date=March 23, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=March 30, 2019 |quote=Like many of his rivals, he offers a stark contrast to the President in style and substance. Buttigieg is the son of a Maltese immigrant; a U.S. Navy veteran who took leave from his civic day job to serve in Afghanistan; a Harvard-educated Rhodes scholar; a devout Christian and a polyglot and bibliophile who learned Norwegian to read books by an author in Norway whose work had not yet been translated to English.}}</ref><ref name="cnn_2019-04-02">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/02/opinions/buttigieg-and-religion-qa-beck/index.html |title=Pete Buttigieg on faith, his marriage, and Mike Pence |last=Beck |first=Father Edward |website=CNN |date=April 2, 2019 |access-date=April 4, 2019}}</ref> and he has said his faith has had a strong influence in his life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/religion/2019/03/29/evangelicals-helped-get-trump-into-white-house-pete-buttigieg-believes-religious-left-will-get-him-out/ |title=Evangelicals helped get Trump into the White House. Pete Buttigieg believes the religious left will get him out. |last=Bailey |first=Sarah |date=March 29, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 30, 2019}}</ref><ref name="FrankBruni" /> His parents baptized him in a Catholic church as an infant and he attended Catholic schools.<ref name="cnn_2019-04-02" /> While at the [[University of Oxford]], Buttigieg began to attend [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford|Christ Church Cathedral]] and said he felt "more-or-less Anglican" by the time he returned to South Bend.<ref name="cnn_2019-04-02" /> [[Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine]], [[James Martin (priest, born 1960)|James Martin]], and [[Garry Wills]] are among his religious influences.<ref name=":02" /> A member of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]], Buttigieg is a congregant at the [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]] in downtown South Bend.<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine |last=Wren |first=Adam |date=December 16, 2018 |title=Pete Buttigieg has his eye on the prize |url=https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature |magazine=Indianapolis Monthly |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref>
+
+Buttigieg taught himself to speak a little bit of [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-coming-of-age-tale-that-inspired-mayor-pete-to-learn-norwegian|title=The Coming-of-Age Tale That Inspired Mayor Pete to Learn Norwegian|last=Waldman|first=Katy|date=May 2, 2019|access-date=October 24, 2019|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}</ref> and has some knowledge of [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Arabic]], [[Dari language|Dari Persian]], and [[French language|French]] in addition to his native [[English language|English]],<ref name = WallaceWells>{{cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/pete-buttigiegs-quiet-rebellion |title=Pete Buttigieg's quiet rebellion |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |date=February 9, 2019 |first=Benjamin |last=Wallace-Wells |work=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newsweek.com/mayor-pete-buttigieg-2020-millennial-president-1332008 |title=Pete Buttigieg 2020: Meet the South Bend mayor looking to become America's first millennial president |magazine=Newsweek |date=March 10, 2019 |first=Jason |last=Lemin |accessdate=March 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/29/pete-buttigieg-surges-commentators-declare-obscure-midwestern/ |title=Pete Buttigieg surges as commentators declare obscure midwestern Democrat 'hottest candidate' |last=Allen |first=Nick |date=March 29, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=London, U.K. |access-date=April 8, 2019 |last2=Millward |first2=David |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> though his level of fluency in those languages is unclear. His campaign has not commented on his language abilities, but he has been recorded speaking foreign languages on various occasions, including interviews on [[Univision]] on May 8, 2019 and [[Telemundo]] on May 20, 2019.<ref>{{Cite media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVYRGDUSPZU |title=Pete Buttigieg, precandidato demócrata a la presidencia, visita Noticias Telemundo |work=[[Telemundo]] |date=May 20, 2019 |via=YouTube |medium=video}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/04/pete-buttigiegs-polygot-magic/588169/ |title=Pete Buttigieg's language magic is textbook polyglot mythmaking |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=May 6, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Erard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/magazine/pete-buttigieg-smart-harvard-rhodes-scholar-norwegian-language.html |title=How Pete Buttigieg's meaningless erudition made him the 'smart' candidate |last=King |first=Jay Caspian |date=April 24, 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg plays guitar and piano,<ref>{{cite news |last=Seiger |first=Theresa |date=April 18, 2019 |title=Who is Pete Buttigieg? Democratic mayor joins 2020 presidential race |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/national/who-pete-buttigieg-democratic-mayor-joins-2020-presidential-race/hcIXqE9Dawq3TGSRn7IK5K |newspaper=Dayton Daily News |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harrell |first=Jeff |date=November 12, 2011 |title=Election victors chill with guitars: Too many well-wishers force Buttigieg to miss his performance |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043005/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and in 2013 performed with the South Bend Symphony Orchestra as a guest piano soloist with [[Ben Folds]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=Andrew S. |date=February 18, 2013 |title=Mayor, IUSB singers earn their ovations |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043140/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Franklin |first=Robert |date=December 23, 2013 |title=South Bend Symphony Orchestra concert features Mayor Pete Buttigieg at the Morris Performing Arts Center |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/south-bend-symphony-orchestra-concert-feat-mayor-pete-buttigieg-at/image_b3aa8758-6c0c-11e3-933b-0019bb30f31a.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg was a 2014 [[Aspen Institute]] Rodel Fellow.<ref name="City2016">{{cite press release |title=Buttigieg establishes City Diversity and Inclusion Initiative |url=https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion |website=SouthBendIn.gov |publisher=The City of South Bend, Indiana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130072843/https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion |archive-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref> He was a recipient of the John F. Kennedy New Frontier Fenn Award in 2015.<ref>{{cite press release |title=November 13, 2015 – 2015 New Frontier Award Release |url=http://iop.harvard.edu/about/newsletter-press-release/november-13-2015-%E2%80%93-2015-new-frontier-award-release |publisher=Harvard Institute of Politics |date=October 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref>
+
+In a June 2015 piece in the ''[[South Bend Tribune]]'', Buttigieg [[coming out|came out]] as gay.<ref name=2015gay /> By coming out, Buttigieg became Indiana's first openly gay elected executive.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |title=Buttigieg crosses threshold |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=June 18, 2015 |volume=20 |issue=38 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150618.pdf |accessdate=September 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Pete Buttigieg's announcement creates a buzz |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-s-announcement-creates-a-buzz/article_57a803f7-3aeb-50d2-9904-b69039a07ade.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=September 17, 2019 |date=June 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name=blaskotns>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Announces He's Gay |url=https://www.governing.com/topics/politics/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-is-gay.html |work=[[Governing (magazine)|Governing]] |agency=[[Tribune Content Agency|Tribune News Service]] |accessdate=September 22, 2019 |date=June 17, 2015}}</ref> He was the first elected official in Indiana to come out while in office,<ref name="pickfight"/> and the highest elected official in Indiana to come out.<ref name=blaskotns/> Buttigieg is also the first openly gay Democratic presidential candidate, and the second overall, after Republican [[Fred Karger]], who ran in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pete Buttigieg is not the first openly gay, major party presidential candidate. This guy was. |first=Ryan |last=Brooks |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryancbrooks/fred-karger-mayor-pete-buttigieg-gay-2020 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |accessdate=April 2, 2019 |date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In December 2017, Buttigieg announced his engagement to Chasten Glezman, a junior-high-school teacher.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tma-el.org/about-us/faculty-and-staff.cfm?catid=4 |title=Faculty and Staff |website=Tma-el.org |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref> They had been dating since August 2015 after meeting on the dating app [[Hinge (app)|Hinge]].<ref name="Trebay-180618">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/fashion/weddings/mayor-peter-buttigieg-wedding-democratic-party.html|title=Pete Buttigieg might be President someday. He's already got the First Man.|last=Trebay|first=Guy|date=June 18, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 1, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/v3dC6|archive-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wndu.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-announces-engagement-467023153.html |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg announces engagement |website=[[WNDU-TV]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=March 21, 2019}}</ref> They were married on June 16, 2018, in a private ceremony at the [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]] in South Bend.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-pete-buttigieg-marries-partner-chasten-glezman-in-downtown-south/article_b9bb722b-bbb0-5b55-a73d-e014ac7e4bf1.html |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg marries partner Chasten Glezman in downtown South Bend |first=Mary |last=Shown |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |access-date=August 21, 2018 |date=June 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="cnn_2019-04-02"/> Chasten uses his husband's surname, Buttigieg.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mack |first1=Justin |title=Chasten Buttigieg: What we know about Mayor Pete's husband |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/09/chasten-buttigieg-what-we-know-pete-buttigiegs-husband/3398186002/ |accessdate=April 16, 2019 |work=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=April 9, 2019}}</ref>
+
+In June 2019, to mark the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019|50th anniversary]] of the [[Stonewall riots]], a watershed moment in the [[LGBT rights movement|LGBTQ rights movement]], ''[[Queerty]]'' named him one of its "Pride50" people identified as "trailblazing individuals who actively ensure society remains moving towards [[LGBT equality|equality]], acceptance and dignity for all [[queer]] people".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50|title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees|website=[[Queerty]]|language=en-US|access-date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>
+
+== Book ==
+* {{cite book|title=Shortest Way Home: One Mayor's Challenge and a Model for America's Future|last=|first=|location=New York|pages=|publisher=Liveright|date=2019|isbn=9781631494376|title-link=Shortest Way Home (book)}}
+
+==Electoral history==
+{{Election box begin no change
+| title = [[2010 Indiana State Treasurer election|Indiana State Treasurer election, 2010]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Indiana Election Results |url=https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>
+}}
+{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = [[Richard Mourdock]] (incumbent)
+| party = Republican Party (United States)
+| votes = 1,053,527
+| percentage = 62.46%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Pete Buttigieg
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 633,243
+| percentage = 37.54%
+}}
+{{Election box total no change
+| votes = 1,686,770
+| percentage =
+}}
+{{Election box end}}
+
+{{Election box begin no change
+| title = [[2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|South Bend mayoral election, 2011]] Democratic primary<ref name="sos2011"/>
+}}
+{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Pete Buttigieg
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 7,663
+| percentage = 54.90%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Michael J. Hamann
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 2,798
+| percentage = 20.05%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = [[Ryan Dvorak]]
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 2,041
+| percentage = 14.62%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Barrett Berry
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 1,424
+| percentage = 10.20%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Felipe N. Merino
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 32
+| percentage = 0.23%
+}}
+{{Election box total no change
+| votes = 13,958
+| percentage =
+}}
+{{Election box end}}
+
+{{Election box begin no change
+| title = South Bend mayoral election, 2011<ref name="sos2011">{{cite web |title=Historical Election Results |url=https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2011 |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>
+}}
+{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Pete Buttigieg
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 10,991
+| percentage = 73.85%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Norris W. Curry Jr.
+| party = Republican Party (United States)
+| votes = 2,884
+| percentage = 19.38%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Patrick M. Farrell
+| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
+| votes = 1,008
+| percentage = 6.77%
+}}
+{{Election box total no change
+| votes = 14,883
+| percentage =
+}}
+{{Election box end}}
+
+{{Election box begin no change
+| title = [[2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|South Bend mayoral election, 2015]] Democratic primary<ref name="sos2015"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=What Does Electoral Victory Look Like? Visualizing Buttigieg's Win |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2015/05/07/what-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win/ |website=South Bend Voice |accessdate=September 15, 2019 |date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
+}}
+{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Pete Buttigieg (incumbent)
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 8,369
+| percentage = 77.68%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Henry L. Davis, Jr.
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 2,405
+| percentage = 22.32%
+}}
+{{Election box total no change
+| votes = 10,774
+| percentage =
+}}
+{{Election box end}}
+
+{{Election box begin no change
+| title = South Bend mayoral election, 2015<ref name="sos2015">{{cite web |title=Historical Election Results |url=https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2015 |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>
+}}
+{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Pete Buttigieg (incumbent)
+| party = Democratic Party (United States)
+| votes = 8,515
+| percentage = 80.41%
+}}
+{{Election box candidate with party link no change
+| candidate = Kelly S. Jones
+| party = Republican Party (United States)
+| votes = 2,074
+| percentage = 19.59%
+}}
+{{Election box total no change
+| votes = 10,589
+| percentage =
+}}
+{{Election box end}}
+
+==See also==
+*[[Buttigieg]], Maltese surname
+
+==Notes==
+{{notelist}}
+
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+
+== External links ==
+{{Commons category}}
+{{Wikiquote}}
+* {{URL|peteforamerica.com|Presidential campaign website}}
+* {{URL|meetpete.org|Buttigieg on the issues}}
+* {{URL|southbendin.gov/official/mayor-pete-buttigieg|Mayor of South Bend website}}
+* {{C-SPAN|Pete Buttigieg}}
+* {{IMDb name}}
+* {{URL|votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg|Profile}} at [[Vote Smart]]
+
+{{s-start}}
+{{s-ppo}}
+{{s-bef | before = Michael W. Griffith}}
+{{s-ttl | title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Indiana State Treasurer]] | years = [[2010 Indiana elections|2010]]}}
+{{s-aft | after = [[Mike Boland (politician)|Mike Boland]]}}
+{{s-break}}
+{{s-bef | before = [[Steve Luecke]]}}
+{{s-ttl | title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of]] [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] | years = 2011, 2015}}
+{{s-aft | after = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]}}
+{{s-off}}
+{{s-bef | before = [[Steve Luecke]]}}
+{{s-ttl | title = [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of]] [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] | years = January 1, 2012 – January 1, 2020}}
+{{s-aft | after = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]}}
+{{s-end}}
+
+{{United States presidential election, 2020}}
{{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Rat Man}}
-[[Category:1878 births|Lanzer, Ernst]]
-[[Category:1914 deaths|Lanzer, Ernst]]
-[[Category:Case studies by Sigmund Freud]]
-[[Category:Analysands of Sigmund Freud]]
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Buttigieg, Pete}}
+[[Category:Pete Buttigieg| ]]
+[[Category:1982 births]]
+[[Category:21st-century American Episcopalians]]
+[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
+[[Category:21st-century American naval officers]]
+[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
+[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]
+[[Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford]]
+[[Category:American LGBT military personnel]]
+[[Category:American Rhodes Scholars]]
+[[Category:American memoirists]]
+[[Category:American naval personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]
+[[Category:American people of Maltese descent]]
+[[Category:Candidates in the 2010 United States elections]]
+[[Category:Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election]]
+[[Category:Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism]]
+[[Category:Former Roman Catholics]]
+[[Category:Gay military personnel]]
+[[Category:Gay politicians]]
+[[Category:Gay writers]]
+[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
+[[Category:Indiana Democrats]]
+[[Category:LGBT Anglicans]]
+[[Category:LGBT mayors of places in the United States]]
+[[Category:LGBT memoirists]]
+[[Category:LGBT people from Indiana]]
+[[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:Mayors of South Bend, Indiana]]
+[[Category:McKinsey & Company people]]
+[[Category:Military personnel from Indiana]]
+[[Category:Progressivism in the United States]]
+[[Category:United States Navy reservists]]
+[[Category:Writers from South Bend, Indiana]]
' |
New page size (new_size) | 161871 |
Old page size (old_size) | 15370 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 146501 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}',
1 => '{{short description|U.S. politician and 2020 presidential candidate}}',
2 => '{{Use American English|date=June 2019}}',
3 => '{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}',
4 => '{{Infobox officeholder',
5 => '| name = Pete Buttigieg',
6 => '| image = Pete Buttigieg by Gage Skidmore.jpg',
7 => '| caption = Buttigieg in June 2019',
8 => '| office = 32nd [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of South Bend]]',
9 => '| term_start = January 1, 2012',
10 => '| term_end = January 1, 2020',
11 => '| predecessor = [[Steve Luecke]]',
12 => '| successor = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]',
13 => '| birth_name = Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg',
14 => '| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|01|19}}',
15 => '| birth_place = [[South Bend, Indiana]], U.S.',
16 => '| death_date = ',
17 => '| death_place = ',
18 => '| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]',
19 => '| spouse = {{marriage|Chasten <!-- Public figure infoxboxes use spouse's name prior to marriage -->Glezman|June 16, 2018}}',
20 => '| mother = J. Anne Montgomery',
21 => '| father = [[Joseph Buttigieg]]',
22 => '| education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Pembroke College, Oxford]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])',
23 => '| website = {{plainlist|',
24 => '* {{url|peteforamerica.com|Campaign website}}}}',
25 => '| allegiance = {{flag|United States of America}}',
26 => '| branch = {{flag|United States Navy}}',
27 => '| serviceyears_label = Service years',
28 => '| serviceyears = 2009–2017',
29 => '| unit = [[United States Navy Reserve]]',
30 => '| rank = {{Dodseal|USN lieutenant|23}} [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]]',
31 => '| battles = [[War in Afghanistan (2001–14)|War in Afghanistan]]',
32 => '| mawards = {{Dodseal|JSCM|23}} [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]',
33 => '| signature = Pete Buttigieg signature (1).png',
34 => '}}',
35 => '{{Pete Buttigieg series}}',
36 => ''''Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg'''<ref name="Harvard Gazette">{{cite web |title=Phi Beta Kappa elects 92 seniors to Harvard chapter |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/06/phi-beta-kappa-elects-92-seniors-to-harvard-chapter/ |website=[[Harvard Gazette]] |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |date=June 10, 2004}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|uː|t|ə|ˌ|dʒ|ɛ|dʒ}} {{respell|BOOT|ə|jej}};{{efn|Sometimes pronounced {{IPAc-en|-|dʒ|ʌ|dʒ}} {{respell|-|juj}}, but not by Buttigieg himself.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg/index.html|title=How to pronounce Pete Buttigieg|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|date=January 23, 2019|website=[[CNN]] Politics|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=Jan 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last = Aggeler|first = Madeleine|date = March 25, 2019|title = Wait, Sorry, How Do You Pronounce Buttigieg?|url = https://www.thecut.com/2019/03/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg-name.html|magazine = The Cut|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> born January 19, 1982) is an American politician who was [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|mayor of South Bend, Indiana]], from 2012 to 2020. He is a [[Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign|candidate for the Democratic nomination]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election]].',
37 => 'Buttigieg is a graduate of [[Harvard College]] and [[Oxford University]], attending the latter on a [[Rhodes Scholarship]]. He was a consultant at the management consulting firm [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey]] from 2007 to 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianaenr.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/archive/2016General/index.html|title=Secretary of State: Elections Division: Election Foundation Wide|website=Indiana State Government official website|accessdate=January 10, 2012}}</ref> From 2009 to 2017, he was a [[Office of Naval Intelligence|naval intelligence officer]] in the [[United States Navy Reserve]], attaining the rank of [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant]]. He was [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|deployed to Afghanistan]] for seven months in 2014 and was awarded the [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]].<ref name=":7" />',
38 => 'Before running for office, Buttigieg worked on the [[political campaign]]s of the Democrats [[Jill Long Thompson]], [[Joe Donnelly]], and [[John Kerry]]. Buttigieg was the 32nd mayor of South Bend, Indiana, from January 2012 to January 2020. Buttigieg publicly [[Coming out|came out as gay]] in 2015 and was [[2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|reelected]] with over 80% of the vote.<ref name="2015gay">{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-why-coming-out-matters/article_4dce0d12-1415-11e5-83c0-739eebd623ee.html|title=South Bend mayor: Why coming out matters|last=Buttigieg|first=Pete|date=2015-06-16|website=South Bend Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref>',
39 => 'Buttigieg launched his campaign for the 2020 United States presidential election on April 14, 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/pete-buttigieg-2020-campaign-launch-south-bend-26377ac4-ff83-46d7-b1a4-e43fc1b61325.html|title=Pete Buttigieg teases official 2020 campaign launch|last1=Basu|first1=Zachary|date=April 4, 2019|accessdate=April 8, 2019|website=Axios}}</ref><ref name="Segran-190414">{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90334160/pete-buttigieg-debuts-a-radical-new-approach-to-campaign-branding|title=Pete Buttigieg debuts a radical new approach to campaign branding|last=Segran|first=Elizabeth|date=April 14, 2019|work=[[Fast Company]]|accessdate=April 14, 2019}}</ref> He became the first openly gay person to launch a major presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/pete-buttigieg.html|title=Pete Buttigieg: Who He Is and What He Stands For|last=Epstein|first=Reid J.|date=2019-12-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite initially low expectations, he gained significant momentum in mid-2019 when he participated in several [[Town hall meeting|town halls]], [[2020 Democratic Party presidential forums|forums]], and [[2020 Democratic Party presidential debates|debates]]. Buttigieg narrowly won the pledged delegate count in the [[2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses|Iowa caucuses]] and tied the pledged delegate count in the [[2020 New Hampshire Democratic primary|New Hampshire primary]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Astor|first=Maggie|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/iowa-caucus-delegates-winner.html|title=How Will the Winner of the Iowa Caucuses Be Chosen? Here's What You Should Know|date=2020-02-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-09|last2=Stevens|first2=Matt|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/11/21133087/bernie-sanders-new-hampshire-democratic-primary-winner-2020|title=Bernie Sanders just won the all-important New Hampshire primary|last=Nilsen|first=Ella|date=2020-02-11|website=Vox|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/bernie-won-iowa-popular-vote-buttigieg-electoral-college-2020-2|title=Why Bernie Sanders won Iowa's popular vote, but Pete Buttigieg may win the state's Electoral College|last=Hickey|first=John Haltiwanger, Walt|date=2020-02-07|website=Business Insider Australia|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> He is the first openly gay candidate to earn presidential primary delegates from a major American political party.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2020/02/05/pete-buttigieg-first-openly-gay-candidate-earn-presidential-primary-delegates-nomination/4667796002/ |title=Pete Buttigieg made history in the Iowa caucuses whatever the final results show |publisher=[[The Des Moines Register]] |author=Barbara Rodriguez |date=5 Feb 2020 |accessdate=8 Feb 2020}}</ref>',
40 => '==Early life and career==',
41 => 'Buttigieg was born on January 19, 1982, in [[South Bend, Indiana]], the only child of Jennifer Anne Montgomery and [[Joseph Buttigieg|Joseph A. Buttigieg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/it-s-been-a-good-trip-father-of-mayor-pete/article_9ef0258f-2f61-5ca0-b42a-1b5c72d1000b.html |title='It's been a good trip.' Father of Mayor Pete Buttigieg dies after illness |first=Victoria |last=St. Martin|work=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=January 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="NYTsuccessor" /> His parents met and married while employed as faculty at New Mexico State University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaniewski.com/obituary/JosephA-Buttigieg|title=Obituary for Joseph A. Buttigieg | Kaniewski Funeral Homes, Inc.|first=Kaniewski Funeral Homes|last=Inc|website=Obituary for Joseph A. Buttigieg | Kaniewski Funeral Homes, Inc.}}</ref> His father was born and raised in [[Hamrun]], [[Malta]], and had studied to be a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] before emigrating to the United States and embarking on a secular career as a professor of literature at [[the University of Notre Dame]] in South Bend,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.patheos.com/blogs/deaconsbench/2019/04/beck-interviews-buttigieg-about-his-faith-and-catholic-roots|title=Beck Interviews Buttigieg About His Faith and Catholic Roots|last=Kandra|first=Deacon G.|date=April 3, 2019|work=The Deacon's Bench|accessdate=April 26, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/wip/sSuEX|archive-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name=Trebay-180618/> where he taught for 29 years.<ref name="Brown-161215">{{cite news|url=https://news.nd.edu/news/hesburgh-yusko-scholars-program-to-seek-new-director-to-replace-retiring-joseph-buttigieg/|title=Hesburgh-Yusko Scholars Program to seek new director to replace retiring Joseph Buttigieg|last=Brown|first=Dennis|date=December 15, 2016|work=Notre Dame News|accessdate=April 16, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/CSRj0|archive-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> His mother was born in [[Stanislaus County, California]],<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://wikipeteia.com/Pete_Buttigieg|title=Pete Buttigieg - Wiki-PETE-ia|website=wikipeteia.com}}</ref> graduated from Radford High School in El Paso, Texas,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2019/04/jennifer-montgomery-pete-buttigieg-mother/|title=Jennifer Anne Montgomery, Pete Buttigieg's Mother: 5 Fast Facts|first=Erin|last=Laviola|date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> and attended the University of Texas, receiving her BA and MA in 1967;<ref name="auto3"/> her mother was born in Oklahoma,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/2019/06/mayor-petes-cousins/|title=Mayor Pete's cousins|date=June 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/elpaso/obits/2002/022302.txt |title=El Paso Co. Tx. Obits from the El Paso Times, February 23-28, 2002 |website=usgwarchives.net |accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119184093/zoe-anne-montgomery|title=Zoe Anne Neal Montgomery (1921-2002) - Find A Grave-gedenkplek}}</ref> and her father was born in Indiana.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119183510/john-willard-montgomery|title=John Willard Montgomery (1910-1973) - Find A Grave-gedenkplek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/02/mayor-pete-who-2020-presidential-candidate-pete-buttigieg/3339673002/|title=Pete Buttigieg: What you need to know about the presidential hopeful|first=Justin L.|last=Mack|website=Indianapolis Star}}</ref>',
42 => '=== Education ===',
43 => 'Buttigieg was valedictorian of the class of 2000 at [[St. Joseph High School (South Bend, Indiana)|St. Joseph High School]] in South Bend.<ref name="2010Bio">{{cite news|title=Indiana State Treasurer: Pete Buttigieg|url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=October 24, 2010|accessdate=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329053004/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government|archive-date=March 29, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> That year, he won first prize in the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]]'s ''Profiles in Courage'' essay contest. He traveled to Boston to accept the award and met [[Caroline Kennedy]] and other members of President Kennedy's family. The subject of his winning essay was the integrity and political courage of then [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] Bernie Sanders of Vermont, one of only two [[independent politician]]s in Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/education/profile-in-courage-essay-contest/past-winning-essays/2000-winning-essay-by-peter-buttigieg |title=2000 Winning Essay by Peter Buttigieg |first=Tom |last=McNaught |website=[[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]]|date=May 2, 2000|accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name=DeCosta-Klipa-190402>{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2019/04/02/pete-buttigieg-jfk-essay-contest-bernie-sanders |title=An 18-year-old Pete Buttigieg won a JFK Library essay contest. His subject was Bernie Sanders. |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=April 2, 2019 |accessdate=April 3, 2019 |first=Nik |last=DeCosta-Klipa}}</ref>',
44 => 'Buttigieg attended [[Harvard University]], where he majored in history and literature.<ref name=Alfaro-190123>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pete-buttigieg-mayor-of-south-bend-for-president-2020-election-2019-1 |title=Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, launches 2020 presidential bid |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=January 23, 2019 |accessdate=March 25, 2019 |first=Mariana |last=Alfaro}}</ref> He became president of the Student Advisory Committee of the [[Harvard Institute of Politics]] and worked on the institute's annual study of youth attitudes on politics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf |title=Public Service Fast Track Former IOP Student Advisory Committee member Peter Buttigieg '04 elected mayor of South Bend |author=Harvard Institute of Politics |website=[[Harvard University]] |date=January 2012 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028084521/http://www.iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |url-status=live |author-link=Harvard Institute of Politics }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanrhodes.org/assets/attachments/Scholars-Elect_2005_(TARS).pdf |title=American Rhodes Scholars-Elect for 2005 |website=Americanrhodes.org |accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> He wrote his undergraduate thesis, titled ''The Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness'', on the influence of [[puritanism]] on U.S. foreign policy as reflected in [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[The Quiet American]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Quiet_American_s_Errand_Into_the_Wil.html?id=8e1dNwAACAAJ |title=A Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness |first=Pete |last=Buttigieg |newspaper=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/12/rhodes-scholars-announced-2/ |title=Rhodes Scholars announced six talented students are Oxford-bound |first=Ken |last=Gewertz |newspaper=[[Harvard University Gazette]]|date=December 2, 2004 }}</ref> The title of his thesis is also an allusion to American historian [[Perry Miller]]'s work ''Errand into the Wilderness''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674261556 |title=Errand into the Wilderness |first=Perry |last=Miller|newspaper=[[Harvard University Press]]}}</ref>',
45 => 'Upon graduating ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from Harvard in 2004, Buttigieg was elected a member of [[Phi Beta Kappa]]<ref name="Harvard Gazette" /> and awarded a [[Rhodes Scholarship]]; in 2007, he received a master's of arts degree with [[British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours|first-class honours]] in [[philosophy, politics, and economics]] after studying at [[Pembroke College, Oxford]].<ref name = WallaceWells/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/mayor-pete-buttigieg-7-things-you-need-know|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg: 7 things you need to know|date=2019-04-15|website=Washington Week|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> At Oxford, he was an editor of the ''Oxford International Review'',<ref name=timesunion2march/> and was a co-founder<ref name=timesunion2march>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg Plans State Treasurer Run |url=https://timesuniononline.com/Content/Default/News/Article/Buttigieg-Plans-State-Treasurer-Run/-3/224/46004 |newspaper=Times-Union |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=March 2, 2010}}</ref> and member of the Democratic Renaissance Project, an informal debate and discussion group of about a dozen Oxford students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/03/784151111/pete-buttigieg-spent-his-younger-days-pushing-democrats-off-middle-ground|publisher=NPR|date=December 3, 2019|title=Pete Buttigieg Spent His Younger Days Pushing Democrats Off Middle Ground|author=Asma Khalid}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784225281/a-look-back-at-the-beginnings-of-pete-buttigiegs-political-ambitions |title=A Look Back At The Beginnings Of Pete Buttigieg's Political Ambitions |publisher=NPR|date=December 2, 2019|author=Asma Khalid|work=All Things Considered}}</ref>',
46 => '=== Professional career ===',
47 => 'Before graduating from college, Buttigieg was an investigative intern at [[WMAQ-TV]], Chicago's [[NBC News]] affiliate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feder |first1=Robert |title=NBC 5 mentor Renee Ferguson boosts Pete Buttigieg campaign |url=https://www.robertfeder.com/2019/04/15/nbc-5-mentor-renee-ferguson-boosts-pete-buttigieg-campaign/ |website=Robert Feder |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=April 15, 2019}}</ref> He also interned for Democrat [[Jill Long Thompson]] during her unsuccessful [[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|2002 congressional bid]].{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} In 2006, he lent assistance to [[Joe Donnelly]]'s successful [[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|congressional campaign]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foulkes |first1=Arthur |title=Candidate for state office brings campaign to city |url=http://tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city |newspaper=[[Terre Haute Tribune-Star]] |accessdate=September 21, 2019 |date=April 9, 2010}}</ref>',
48 => 'From 2004 to 2005, Buttigieg was conference director of [[the Cohen Group]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Groppe |first1=Maureen |title=Indiana Democrat getting buzz in DNC race |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/19/indiana-democrat-getting-buzz-dnc-race/97944656/ |newspaper = [[The Indianapolis Star]] |accessdate=October 23, 2019 |date=February 19, 2017}}</ref> For several months in [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]],<ref name=toosmart>{{cite news |last1=Colwell |first1=Jack |title=If only he isn't too smart for the job |work=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=May 16, 2010}}</ref> Buttigieg worked on [[John Kerry]]'s [[John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004|2004 presidential campaign]] as a policy and research specialist.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city |title=Candidate for state office brings campaign to city | first=Arthur |last=Foulkes | newspaper=[[Terre Haute Tribune-Star]]|date =April 8, 2010}}</ref> When he accepted the offer to work for Kerry's campaign, he declined another to work for [[Barack Obama]]'s [[2004 United States Senate election in Illinois|2004 United States Senate campaign]].<ref name=toosmart/>',
49 => 'After earning his Oxford degree, in 2007 Buttigieg became a consultant at the Chicago office of [[McKinsey & Company]],<ref name=10yearsoftaxreturns>{{cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Amy B. |last2=Itkowitz |first2=Colby |title=Pete Buttigieg releases 10 years of tax returns, jabs Trump for not doing the same |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/30/pete-buttigieg-releases-years-tax-returns-jabs-trump-not-doing-same/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=October 23, 2019 |date=April 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/peter-buttigieg|title=Interview: Peter Buttigieg|date=July 16, 2018|publisher=Princeton University, Innovations for Successful Societies}}</ref> where he worked on energy, retail, economic development, and logistics for three years.<ref name="Truman">{{Cite web|url=http://trumanproject.org/home/team-view/peter-buttigieg/|title=Pete Buttigieg|publisher=[[Truman National Security Project]]|access-date=October 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ashley Balcerzak|url=https://publicintegrity.org/federal-politics/pete-buttigieg-election-president-candidate/|title=9 things to know about Pete Buttigieg|publisher=Center for Public Integrity|date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> His clients at McKinsey included the [[health insurance in the United States|health insurer]] [[Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan]], electronics retailer [[Best Buy]], Canadian supermarket chain [[Loblaws]], two nonprofit environmentalist groups (the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] and Energy Foundation) and several U.S. government agencies (the [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]], [[United States Department of Energy|Energy Department]], [[United States Department of Defense|Defense Department]], and [[United States Postal Service|Postal Service]]).<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 10, 2019|author=Reid J. Epstein & Stephanie Saul|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mckinsey-clients.html|newspaper=New York Times|title=How Pete Buttigieg Spent His McKinsey Days: Blue Cross, Best Buy, U.S. Agencies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=December 10, 2019|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/under-pressure-buttigieg-releases-names-of-former-mckinsey-clients/2019/12/10/3862fb9a-1b9a-11ea-8d58-5ac3600967a1_story.html|title=Under pressure, Buttigieg releases names of former McKinsey clients|authors=Chelsea Janes & Amy B Wang}}</ref> He took a leave of absence from McKinsey in 2008 to become research director for Jill Long Thompson's unsuccessful [[2008 Indiana gubernatorial election|campaign for Indiana governor]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Daniel Strauss|title=Buttigieg releases timeline of McKinsey work|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/06/buttigieg-releases-mckinsey-timeline-077602|work=Politico|date=December 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nwitimes.com/news/history/famous-hoosiers/jill-long-thompson/article_cbb78b0a-4f28-5865-83eb-6afe1f76a53b.html |title=Jill Long Thompson |first=Doug |last=Ross |date=February 9, 2016 |website=The Times of Northwest Indiana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg |title=Pete Buttigieg's Biography |website=[[Project Vote Smart]] |date=January 13, 2014 }}</ref> Buttigieg left McKinsey in 2010 in order to focus full-time on his campaign for Indiana state treasurer.<ref name=10yearsoftaxreturns/>',
50 => 'Buttigieg has been involved with the [[Truman National Security Project]] since 2005 and serves as a fellow with expertise in Afghanistan and Pakistan.<ref name=Truman/> In 2014, he was named to the organization's board of advisors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-named-to-national-security-organizations-board-259842211.html |date=May 19, 2014 |title=Mayor Buttigieg named to national security organization's board |access-date=October 12, 2019 |publisher=[[WNDU-TV]] }}</ref>',
51 => '=== Military service ===',
52 => '[[File:Bagram collage.jpg|thumb|214x214px|In 2014, Buttigieg began his deployment at [[Bagram Airfield|Bagram Air Base]] in [[Afghanistan]].|alt=]]',
53 => 'Buttigieg joined the [[U.S. Navy Reserve]] through the [[direct commission officer|direct commission officer (DCO)]] program and was sworn in as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] in naval intelligence in September 2009.<ref name="stripes">{{cite news|title = How Pete Buttigieg went from being a war protester to serving in the Navy|url = https://www.stripes.com/news/us/how-pete-buttigieg-went-from-being-a-war-protester-to-serving-in-the-navy-1.592353|newspaper = [[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]|date = July 29, 2019|accessdate = January 3, 2020}}</ref> In 2014, he took a seven-month leave during his mayoral term to deploy to Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/408662295/Buttigieg-s-Military-Records|title=Buttigieg's Military Records (6.4K views)|website=Scribd|language=en|access-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Erin |last=Blasko|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/navy-reserve-to-deploy-buttigieg-to-afghanistan/article_5ccb3a3a-1bd1-11e3-bec9-0019bb30f31a.html|title = Navy Reserve to deploy Buttigieg to Afghanistan|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=September 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = South Bend mayor back from Afghanistan deployment|url = https://www.navytimes.com/story/military/guard-reserve/2014/09/26/south-bend-mayor-back-from-afghanistan-deployment/16254055|newspaper = [[Navy Times]]|date = September 26, 2014|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> While there, Buttigieg was part of a unit assigned to identify and disrupt terrorist finance networks. Part of this was done at [[Bagram Air Base]], but he was also an armed driver for his commander on more than 100 trips into [[Kabul]]. Buttigieg has jokingly referred to this role as "military [[Uber]]", because he had to watch out for ambushes and explosive devices along the roads and ensure that the vehicle was guarded.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/17/politics/buttigieg-military-service-2020/index.html|title=Buttigieg wields his military credentials: 'It's not like I killed Bin Laden,' but it was dangerous|last=Zeleny|first=Jeff|website=CNN}}</ref> In order to better communicate with the local Afghans, he learned some [[Dari language|Dari]] (a dialect of the [[Persian language]]). Buttigieg was awarded the [[Joint Service Commendation Medal]]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/meet-pete/|title=Meet Pete|website=Pete For America|accessdate=September 5, 2019}}</ref> and resigned his commission from the U.S. Navy Reserve in 2017.<ref name="abcnewsNavyReserve">{{cite news |last1=Pak |first1=Nataly |title=Who is Pete Buttigieg? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/peter-buttigieg/story?id=60731298 |accessdate=March 29, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=January 31, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Jamerson Kesling 2019x">{{cite web | last=Jamerson | first=Joshua | last2=Kesling | first2=Ben | title=Buttigieg Leans In on His Military Service | website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]| date=May 20, 2019 | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/buttigieg-leans-in-on-his-military-service-11558357127 | access-date=June 29, 2019}}</ref>',
54 => '=== Indiana state treasurer election ===',
55 => 'Buttigieg was the Democratic nominee for [[Indiana State Treasurer|state treasurer of Indiana]] in [[2010 Indiana State Treasurer election|2010]]. He received 37.5% of the vote, losing to Republican incumbent [[Richard Mourdock]].<ref>{{cite report|url = https://indianavoters.in.gov/PublicContent/Historical/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf|title = 2010 Indiana Election Report|page = 66|date = 2010|publisher = Indiana Election Division, Indiana state government}}</ref><ref name="Groppe-190414">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/04/14/pete-buttigieg-faces-hurdles-2020-white-house-bid-heres-why/3440568002/|title=Rising star? 7 hurdles facing Democrat Pete Buttigieg's 2020 presidential campaign|last=Groppe|first=Maureen|date=April 14, 2019|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref>',
56 => '== Mayor of South Bend, Indiana ==',
57 => '===Election and transition===',
58 => '[[Image:PeteButtigieg (1).JPG|thumb|right|Buttigieg campaign photo for [[Indiana State Treasurer]] in March 2010]]',
59 => 'Buttigieg was elected [[mayor of South Bend]] in the [[2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|November 2011 election]], with 10,991 of the 14,883 votes cast (74%).<ref name="fuller2014">{{cite news|last1=Fuller|first1=Jaime|title=The most interesting mayor you've never heard of|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/03/10/the-most-interesting-mayor-youve-never-heard-of/|accessdate=June 19, 2015|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=March 10, 2014}}</ref> He took office in January 2012 at age 29, becoming the second-youngest mayor in South Bend history—[[Schuyler Colfax III]] became mayor at age 28 in 1898<ref>{{cite web| last=Sloma| first=Tricia| date=November 9, 2011| title=Pete Buttigieg becomes second youngest mayor in South Bend| url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Pete_Buttigieg_becomes_second_youngest_mayor_in_South_Bend_133521918.html| website=[[WNDU-TV]]| location=South Bend, Indiana| accessdate=April 12, 2019}}</ref>—and the youngest mayor of a U.S. city with at least 100,000 residents.<ref name="fuller2014" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg|url=http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/department/mayor-pete-buttigieg|publisher=City of South Bend|accessdate=June 19, 2015}}</ref>',
60 => 'In 2011, as South Bend's mayor-elect, Buttigieg supported [[John Broden]] in his successful bid to become St. Joseph County Democratic Party chairman.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |title=Behind scenes as Butch resigns |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=October 20, 2011 |volume=17 |issue=10 |page=5 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI111020.pdf |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref>',
61 => '=== First term ===',
62 => '====Policing====',
63 => 'In 2012, after a federal investigation ruled that South Bend police had illegally recorded telephone calls of several officers, Buttigieg demoted police chief Darryl Boykins.<ref name="TimelineCareer">{{cite news|title = From youngest mayor to Smart Streets: A timeline of Pete Buttigieg's political career|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/from-youngest-mayor-to-smart-streets-a-timeline-of-pete/article_74f5ca74-ddb4-5bc3-915f-a4773c7db8f8.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|date = December 17, 2018|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg also dismissed the department's communications director, the one who had actually "discovered the recordings but continued to record the line at Boykins' command".<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> The police communications director alleged that the recordings captured four senior police officers making racist remarks and discussing illegal acts.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/><ref name="Buckley">{{cite web|last1=Buckley|first1=Madeline|last2=Wright|first2=Lincoln|title=Judge's ruling on police wiretap tapes leaves questions unanswered|url=http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/judge-s-ruling-on-police-wiretap-tapes-leaves-questions-unanswered/article_463c08a0-9c3e-11e4-abb2-47b9f9547b68.html|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> The city is 26% black, but only 6% of the police force is black.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/02/737976138/buttigieg-tries-again-to-woo-black-voters-amid-race-controversy-in-his-hometown|title=Buttigieg Tries Again To Woo Black Voters Amid Race Controversy In His Hometown|website=[[NPR]]|accessdate=October 28, 2019}}</ref>',
64 => 'Buttigieg has written that his "first serious mistake as mayor" came shortly after taking office in 2012, when he decided to ask for Boykins's resignation. The city's first ever [[African-American police]] chief accepted the request. However, the next day, backed by supporters and legal counsel, Boykin requested reinstatement. When Buttigieg denied this request, Boykin sued the city for racial discrimination,<ref>{{cite web |title=Years-old controversy surrounding secret police tapes is newly relevant amid Pete Buttigieg's rise |url=https://m.cnn.com/en/article/h_674f0bdf6334d3bdeeba13a137add954 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019}}</ref> arguing that the taping policy had existed under previous police chiefs, who were white.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Easley |first1=Jonathan |title=Secret tapes linger over Buttigieg's meteoric rise |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/438669-secret-tapes-linger-over-buttigiegs-meteoric-rise |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019|date=April 15, 2019 }}</ref> Buttigieg settled the suits brought by Boykins and the four officers out of court for over $800,000.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Peterson|first1=Mark|title=Largest settlement yet on SB police tapes case|url=http://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Largest-settlement-yet-on-SB-poilce-tapes-case--246962351.html|website=[[WNDU-TV]]|accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> A federal judge ruled in 2015 that Boykins's recordings violated the [[Electronic Communications Privacy Act|Federal Wiretap Act]].<ref name="Buckley"/> Buttigieg came under pressure from political opponents to release the tapes, but said that doing so would be a violation of the Wiretap Act.<ref name="Buckley"/> He called for the eradication of racial bias in the police force.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> An Indiana court is hearing a case for the release of the tapes.<ref name=":4" />',
65 => 'South Bend adopted the [[National Network for Safe Communities#Group Violence Intervention|National Network for Safe Communities’ Group Violence Intervention approach]] in 2014.<ref name=2015stateofcity>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=FULL TEXT: Mayor Buttigieg's State of the City Address 2015 |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2015/03/11/full-text-mayor-buttigiegs-state-of-the-city-address-2015/ |publisher=The South Bend Voice |accessdate=19 November 2019 |date=11 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fillmore |first1=James |title="Group" violence intervention is working for South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/group-violence-intervention-is-working-for-south-bend |publisher=WSBT |accessdate=19 November 2019 |date=22 July 2014}}</ref>',
66 => '====Urban development and blight removal initiatives====',
67 => 'As mayor, Buttigieg promoted the transformation of the former Studebaker plant location into a technology park named [[Ignition Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Company Town Reinvents Itself In South Bend, Ind. |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/07/05/155916837/a-company-town-reinvents-itself-in-south-bend-ind |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=October 28, 2019 |date=June 28, 2012}}</ref> He oversaw the city's launching of a [[3-1-1]] system in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=Mayor Buttigieg Announces Re-Election Bid |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/11/18/mayor-buttigieg-announces-re-election-bid/ |publisher=South Bend Voice |accessdate=September 17, 2019 |date=November 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2013budgetproposal">{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Mayor's budget calls for 'smart streets' |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-s-budget-calls-for-smart-streets/article_c2e13f62-0548-11e3-b024-0019bb30f31a.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |language=en |date=15 August 2013}}</ref>',
68 => 'One of the major private developments to go through the city's approval process during Buttigieg's first term was a pair of seven-story condominiums along the [[St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)|St. Joseph River]], across the river from [[Century Center (South Bend)|Century Center]].<ref name=greenlight1/><ref name=breaksground1/> In December 2013, the Area Board of Zoning Appeals approved the approximately $38.5 million development.<ref name=greenlight1>{{cite web |title=Green light for downtown South Bend Cascade Condominium project |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/green-light-for-downtown-south-bend-cascade-condominium-project |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 5, 2013}}</ref> It broke ground in 2018.<ref name=breaksground1>{{cite web |last1=Fixler |first1=Hayley |title=Multi-million dollar condominium complex breaks ground in South Bend |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/multi-million-dollar-condominium-complex-breaks-ground-in-south-bend |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> The city ultimately invested $5 million in related projects, such as an adjoining section of riverwalk.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peterson |first1=Mark |title='Glass house' condos coming to South Bend river front |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Glass-house-condos-coming-to-South-Bend-river-front-477445253.html |publisher=WNDU |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref>',
69 => 'As mayor, Buttigieg was a leading figure behind the creation of a nightly laser-light display along downtown South Bend's St. Joseph River trail as public art. The project cost $700,000, which was raised from private funds.<ref name=Sikich>{{cite news|last = Sikich|first = Chris|date = March 21, 2019|title = Pete Buttigieg says he's mayor of a turnaround city. Here's how that claim stands up|url = https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/21/pete-buttigieg-democratic-presidential-hopeful-south-bend-indiana-turnaround-city/3165477002|newspaper = [[The Indianapolis Star]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> The "River Lights" installation was unveiled in May 2015 as part of the city's 150th anniversary celebrations.<ref name="TimelineCareer"/>',
70 => 'By the end of Buttigieg's first term, South Bend had sold off 71 city-owned properties.<ref name=mothballednomore>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Mothballed no more: South Bend selling city-owned land for new projects |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/mothballed-no-more-south-bend-selling-city-owned-land-for/article_2fdd294a-c052-5d8d-bdbb-3ca596d5b68f.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=10 January 2016}}</ref> A significant example was the former [[Bendix Corporation]] headquarters and factory, which the city sold to Curtis Products in 2014.<ref name=mothballednomore/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Curtis Products celebrates move |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/keynews/localeconomy/curtis-products-celebrates-move/article_17e22930-8a74-11e3-a2db-0017a43b2370.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=31 January 2014}}</ref> In late 2014 and early 2015, South Bend negotiated the sale of the city-owned Blackthorn Golf Course.<ref>{{cite web |title=Final purchase agreement approved in sale of SB Blackthorn Golf Course |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Final-purchase-agreemet-approved-for-sale-of-SB-Backthorn-Golf-Course-288733121.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name=sellblackthornwndu1>{{cite web |last1=Peterson |first1=Mark |title=South Bend considers selling Blackthorn, Elbel golf courses |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/South-Bend-considers-selling-Blackthorn-Elbel-golf-courses--274671731.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> The [[LaSalle Hotel (South Bend, Indiana)|LaSalle Hotel]] was sold to developers in 2015 for conversion into apartments.<ref name=mothballednomore/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Officials celebrate LaSalle Hotel revamp |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/officials-celebrate-lasalle-hotel-revamp/article_b304a3f2-6fcc-5904-a95f-b7b3d8ec95d7.html |publisher=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=21 November 2019 |language=en |date=25 April 2015}}</ref>',
71 => 'In his budget proposal for the 2014 fiscal year, Buttigieg proposed combining South Bend's Code Enforcement, Animal Control, and Building Department into a single Department of Building Services to save costs and improve efficiency.<ref name=2013budgetproposal/> The proposal failed, and the three have remained separate departments.<ref>{{cite web |title=DEPARTMENTS & DIVISIONS |url=https://southbendin.gov/department/ |publisher=South Bend |accessdate=20 November 2019}}</ref>',
72 => 'One of Buttigieg's signature programs has been the "Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative"; known locally as "1,000 Properties in 1,000 Days", it is a project to repair or demolish blighted properties across South Bend.<ref name="VAHI">{{cite web|title=Vacant & Abandoned Properties Initiative|url=http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative|publisher=City of South Bend|accessdate=June 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112180402/http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative|archive-date=November 12, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Blasko|first1=Erin|title=1,000 properties in 1,000 days|url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-28/news/37337888_1_mayor-pete-buttigieg-properties-neighborhoods|accessdate=September 24, 2014|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]|date=February 28, 2013}}</ref> The program reached its goal two months before its scheduled end date in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Progress Update |url=https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update |publisher=City of South Bend |date=July 10, 2017 |accessdate=July 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808075017/https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By the thousandth day of the program, before Buttigieg's first term ended, nearly 40% of the targeted houses were repaired, and 679 were demolished or under contract for demolition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/VA-Community-Update-Presentation.pdf|title=Vacant and Abandoned Properties, 1,000 Houses in 1,000 Days: Community Update|last=|first=|date=December 7, 2015|website=City of South Bend|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg took note of the fact that many homes within communities of color were the ones demolished, leading to early distrust between the city and these communities.<ref name = "vox">{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/6/27/18759807/pete-buttigieg-town-hall-protesters-police-shooting-2020 |title=Pete Buttigieg and the controversy around racial tensions in South Bend, explained|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|accessdate=October 28, 2019|date=June 27, 2019}}</ref>',
73 => '====Service in Afghanistan====',
74 => 'Buttigieg served for seven months in Afghanistan as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy Reserve, returning to the United States on September 23, 2014.<ref name="ReturntoUSA">{{cite news|last1=Bell|first1=Kyle|title=Mayor Buttigieg Reports Being Back on US Soil|url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/09/24/mayor-buttigieg-reports-being-back-on-us-soil/ |accessdate=September 24, 2014|website=South Bend Voice}}</ref> While deployed, he was assigned to the [[Afghan Threat Finance Cell]], a counterterrorism unit that targeted [[Taliban insurgency]] financing.<ref>{{cite news|last = Buttigieg|first = Pete|date = October 5, 2014|title = Buttigieg reflects on Afghanistan and return to South Bend |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-reflects-on-afghanistan-and-return-to-south-bend/article_8f27067e-a123-525e-9bab-4d8c52e479ae.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Blasko|first = Erin|date = June 22, 2014|title = From South Bend to Afghanistan: Buttigieg opens up about military mission|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/politics/from-south-bend-to-afghanistan/article_376699a6-f9f2-11e3-b178-0017a43b2370.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> In his absence, Deputy Mayor Mark Neal, South Bend's city [[Comptroller#United States|comptroller]], served as executive from February 2014 until Buttigieg returned to his role as mayor in October 2014.<ref name="fuller2014" /><ref name="ReturntoUSA"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Former South Bend deputy mayor appointed to IEDC board |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/former-south-bend-deputy-mayor-appointed-to-iedc-board/article_b4192f2a-a28b-11e5-b4b9-6727c95340be.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 14, 2015}}</ref>',
75 => '====RFRA opposition====',
76 => 'In 2015, during the controversy over [[Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)|Indiana Senate Bill 101]]—the original version of which was widely criticized for allowing discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people—Buttigieg emerged as a leading opponent of the legislation. Before his reelection campaign, he came out as gay to express his solidarity with the LGBTQ community.<ref name=2015gay /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/SB-mayor-business-owners-speak-out-against-religious-freedom-act-297838631.html|title=SB mayor, business owners speak out against religious freedom act|last=Catanzarite|first=Maria|date=March 27, 2015|website=[[WNDU-TV]]|access-date=April 10, 2019}}</ref>',
77 => '====Other====',
78 => 'In 2014, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' called Buttigieg "the most interesting mayor you've never heard of" based on his youth, education, and military background.<ref name="fuller2014"/>',
79 => '=== Second term ===',
80 => '[[File:Downtown South Bend from South East.jpg|thumb|215x215px|The [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] 150th Anniversary festivities, where Buttigieg performed live with singer-songwriter [[Ben Folds]]]]',
81 => '====Reelection in 2015====',
82 => 'In 2014, Buttigieg announced that he would seek a second term.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bell|first1=Kyle|title=Mayor Buttigieg Announces Re-Election Bid|url=https://southbendvoice.com/2014/11/18/mayor-buttigieg-announces-re-election-bid/ |accessdate=November 18, 2014|website=South Bend Voice|date=November 18, 2014}}</ref> He won the Democratic primary with 78% of the vote, defeating Henry Davis Jr., the city councilman from the Second District.<ref>{{cite web|first=Diane |last=Daniels |first2=Annie |last2=Chang |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-winner-of-democratic-primary-for-south-bend-mayor-race |title=Pete Buttigieg winner of Democratic primary for South Bend mayor race |website=[[WSBT-TV]] |date=May 20, 2015 |accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> In November 2015, he was elected to his second term as mayor with over 80% of the vote, defeating Republican Kelly Jones by a margin of 8,515 to 2,074 votes.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Peterson |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg wins re-election |url=https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-vies-for-second-term-as-South-Bend-mayor-340002362.html |website=[[WNDU-TV]] |date=November 3, 2015 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref>',
83 => '====Housing, transportation, parks, and infrastructure====',
84 => 'In a new phase of the Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative, South Bend partnered with the Notre Dame Clinical Law Center to provide free legal assistance to qualifying applicants wishing to acquire vacant lots and, with local nonprofits, to repair or construct homes and provide low-income home ownership assistance using South Bend HUD ([[Housing and Urban Development]]) funds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/initiative/vacant-abandoned-properties/|title=Vacant & Abandoned Properties|website=southbendin.gov|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sbheritage.org/spaces/homes/|title=Homes|website=South Bend Heritage Foundation|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref> He increased city funding levels for home construction and improvement in the 2018 South Bend budget via several programs, including the UEA (Urban Enterprise Association) Pilot Home Repair Program, a grant intended to improve low-income residents' quality of life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southbendin.gov/south-bend-home-repair/|title=South Bend Home Repair |website=southbendin.gov |access-date=October 15, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wvpe.org/post/home-repairs-strengthen-community-ties-south-bend |title=Home Repairs Strengthen Community Ties In South Bend |last=Anguiano |first=Barb |website=WVPE |date=July 30, 2018 |access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Sikich/>',
85 => 'In 2013, Buttigieg proposed a "Smart Streets" urban development program to improve South Bend's downtown area,<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> and in early 2015—after traffic studies and public hearings—he secured a [[bond issue]] for the program backed by [[tax increment financing]].<ref name="Blasko">{{cite news|last = Blasko|first = Erin|date = January 30, 2015|title = Smart Streets bond clears key hurdle|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/smart-streets-bond-clears-key-hurdle/article_d0ba3d7a-1b4c-5b9a-bd66-09e780a3ecdb.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ParrottSmart">{{cite news|first=Jeff |last=Parrott |title=How much has Smart Streets driven downtown South Bend's turnaround? |date=March 17, 2018 |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/how-much-has-smart-streets-driven-downtown-south-bend-s/article_493dc5c2-cd5a-5c17-ac8c-254c5362504b.html|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref> "Smart Streets" was aimed at improving economic development and urban vibrancy as well as road safety.<ref name="Vibrant">{{cite news|last = Buttigieg|first = Pete|date = June 16, 2017|title = Mayor: Smart Streets will mean a more vibrant downtown South Bend|url = https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/mayor-smart-streets-will-mean-a-more-vibrant-downtown-south/article_edaa6a25-e336-597a-a396-feb481e9927e.html|newspaper = [[South Bend Tribune]]|accessdate = April 26, 2019}}</ref> The project involved the conversion of one-way streets in downtown to two-way streets, traffic-calming measures, the widening of sidewalks, streetside beautification (including the planting of trees and installation of decorative brickwork), the addition of bike lanes<ref name="ParrottSmart" /> and the introduction of roundabouts.<ref name="Vibrant"/> Elements of the project were finished in 2016,<ref name="TimelineCareer"/> and it was officially completed in 2017.<ref name="Vibrant"/> The project was credited with spurring private development in the city.<ref name="ParrottSmart"/>',
86 => 'Under Buttigieg, South Bend invested $50 million in the city's parks, many of which had been neglected during the preceding decades;<ref name=Sikich/> the city also began a "smart sewer" program, the first phase of which was finished in 2017 at a cost of $150 million.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged">{{cite web |last1=Gardner |first1=Drew |title=How has South Bend changed under Mayor Buttigieg's leadership? |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/how-has-south-bend-changed-under-mayor-buttigiegs-leadership |website=[[WBND-LD]] |accessdate=October 28, 2019 |date=April 14, 2019}}</ref> The effort utilized federal funds<ref name="madecheaper">{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg's South Bend Sewer Fixes Made Cheaper by IOT |url=https://www.ourdailyplanet.com/story/mayor-pete-buttigiegs-south-bend-sewer-fixes-made-cheaper-by-iot/ |website=Our Daily Planet |accessdate=October 28, 2019|date=May 2019 }}</ref> and by 2019 had reduced the combined sewer overflow by 75%.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged" /> The impetus for the effort was a fine that the [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] had levied against the city in 2011 for [[Clean Water Act]] violations.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged" />',
87 => 'By 2019, the city had seen $374 million in private investment for [[mixed-use development]]s since Buttigieg had taken office.<ref>{{cite web |last=Guarino |first=Mark |title=Can Pete Buttigieg replicate his success in South Bend nationally? |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/news/can-pete-buttigieg-replicate-his-success-south-bend-nationally |work=[[Crain's Chicago Business]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Sikich/> In 2016, the City of South Bend partnered with the State of Indiana and private developers to break ground on a $165 million renovation of the former [[Studebaker]] complex, with the aim to make the complex home to tech companies and residential condos.<ref name=swoon>{{cite web |last1=Colombo |first1=Hayleigh |title=Some national Democrats swoon over South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg |url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/65820-some-national-democrats-swoon-over-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg |work=Indiana Business Journal |accessdate=November 14, 2019 |date=October 12, 2017}}</ref> This development is in the so-called "Renaissance District", which includes nearby Ignition Park.<ref name=howhassoutbendchanged/><ref>{{cite report |title=Marquee Project <nowiki>|</nowiki> Section 6 |website=regionalcitiesofnorthernindiana.org }}</ref> In 2017, it was announced that the long-abandoned Studebaker Building 84 (also known as "Ivy Tower") would have its exterior renovated with $3.5 million in Regional Cities funds from the State of Indiana and $3.5 million from South Bend tax increment financing, with plans for the building and other structures in its complex to serve as a technology hub.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend Studebaker plant ready for massive facelift |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-studebaker-plant-ready-for-massive-facelift/article_661dd3cb-c4ff-5969-9d69-cbf746e30316.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=July 3, 2017}}</ref> While many aspects of South Bend had improved by 2016, a [[Princeton University]] study found that the rate of [[eviction]]s in the city had worsened, more than doubling since Buttigieg took office.<ref name="howhassoutbendchanged"/>',
88 => 'In January 2019, Buttigieg launched the South Bend Home Repair initiative. This expanded the existing South Bend Home Repair Pilot, which helps make available funds to assist residents with home repairs, through the use of $600,000 in city funding (double what the city had earlier pledged to the program) and $300,000 in [[block grants]].<ref name=jan152019>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Caleb |title=South Bend officials highlight home repair programs |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-officials-highlight-home-repair-programs/article_f6cc225b-d89e-5bb0-9a17-7f6bff70255f.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 15, 2019}}</ref> It also created two new programs. The first of these is the South Bend Green Corps, which makes funds available to lower-income homeowners for such uses as energy-saving measures and basic weatherization, the installation of [[Smoke detector|smoke]] and [[Carbon monoxide detector|carbon monoxide]] detectors, lead tests, and energy bill review. It also provides education on reducing energy bills.<ref name=jan152019/> The South Bend Green Corps was funded with $290,000 from the city and $150,000 from [[AmeriCorps]].<ref name=jan152019/> The second program is Love Your Block, which assists citizen groups and local nonprofits in revitalizing neighborhoods, and which was funded with $25,000 from the city and $25,000 from the nonprofit Cities of Service.<ref name=jan152019/>',
89 => '',
90 => 'Buttigieg had been arranging a deal under which the city's parks department would sell Elbel Golf Course to developers for $747,500.<ref name=elbeljan2016>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend drops bid to sell Elbel Golf Course |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-drops-bid-to-sell-elbel-golf-course/article_53c90842-c6c2-11e5-986f-db91d0b2b612.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 30, 2016}}</ref> In January 2016, amid public pressure, the city dropped the plan.<ref name=elbeljan2016/> The idea had been floated in 2014, when the city was exploring selling the Blackthorn golf course,<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/> but began to gain momentum in 2015.<ref name=elbelmarch2015>{{cite web |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Zac |title=Elbel sale possible in the future |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/elbel-sale-possible-in-the-future |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=March 3, 2015}}</ref> Buttigieg had justified the plan to sell the city-owned golf course by claiming that residents found [[golf]] to be a low priority, that the course had failed to turn a profit for over five years, and that the city was subsidizing rounds of golf at about $2 per round.<ref name=elbeljan2016/> Buttigieg characterized the course as a drain on the city's finances.<ref name=elbelmarch2015/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Small |first1=Taurean |title=South Bend Mayor: Elbel Park is a drain on city funds |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-elbel-park-is-a-drain-on-city-funds |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=February 4, 2016}}</ref> Opposition arose, with concerns that the sale would limit public access to the land and endanger the protection of [[wetland]]s surrounding it.<ref name=elbeljan2016/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Who is 'Elbel for Everyone'? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/who-is-elbel-for-everyone/article_119bf6bb-f610-5681-ade2-3d9f17902176.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> At {{convert|313|acre}},<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Group wants Parks Board to withdraw support for Elbel Golf Course sale |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/group-wants-parks-board-to-withdraw-support-for-elbel-golf/article_95116d81-344a-50f7-95cb-91b9344a443a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vivian |first1=Krystal |title=Potential sale of Elbel golf course could be decided in the fall |url=https://www.953mnc.com/2015/07/28/pete-buttigieg/ |website=95.3 MNC |publisher=WTRC-FM |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> Elbel constituted the city's largest park.<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/><ref name=klee1>{{cite web |last1=Klee |first1=Ricky |title=Viewpoint: Diversity has fallen in Mayor Pete Buttigieg's administration |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=July 22, 2017}}</ref> The park, while owned by the city, is outside city boundaries.<ref name=sellblackthornwndu1/> The original plan Buttigieg outlined for the sale would have allowed it to be developed freely by the buyer.<ref name=klee1/>',
91 => '',
92 => 'Buttigieg supported a proposed high-rise development in South Bend's East Bank neighborhood<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council rejects 12-story high-rise apartment building |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-rejects--story-high-rise-apartment-building/article_0014ba80-45cd-5670-a996-59cc508be26b.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Why did South Bend's East Bank high-rise fail? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/why-did-south-bend-s-east-bank-high-rise-fail/article_b7ea2c34-9f92-5c56-88ef-3ef5d1ea9a5b.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref> that would greatly exceed the existing height ordinances.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klee |first1=Ricky |title=Viewpoint: Diversity has fallen in Mayor Pete Buttigieg's administration |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=July 22, 2017}}</ref><ref name=feb272017>{{cite web |last1=Kennedy |first1=Danielle |title=Building height limit raised to make way for high-rise apartments in South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/building-height-limit-raised-to-make-way-for-high-rise-apartments-in-south-bend |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> In the weeks after the Common Council voted against the development in December 2016, Buttigieg and his administration negotiated a new compromise plan with the developer, Matthews LLC, that reduced the height from twelve stories to nine.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Bob |title=South Bend, developer reach compromise on high-rise project |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/south-bend-developer-reach-compromise-on-high-rise-project/article_3e3880ba-d1cb-11e6-afd2-67d8a1beb12e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 4, 2017}}</ref> In January 2017, the Common Council voted to approve a ten-year [[Tax holiday|tax abatement]] for the $35 million development.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council supports East Bank high-rise, supermarket |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-supports-east-bank-high-rise-supermarket/article_9751606a-9d19-5d58-a0b8-27e1d72a47d8.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> In February, the Common Council raised the height limits for the East Bank neighborhood to facilitate the development.<ref name=feb272017/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend council approves East Bank high-rise building |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-east-bank-high-rise-building/article_56f0d318-fd64-11e6-89a7-53b327f97d48.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=February 28, 2017}}</ref> The city later committed $5 million in tax increment financing to the project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend backs down in high-rise standoff with developer Dave Matthews |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-backs-down-in-high-rise-standoff-with-developer/article_2061c4fe-66d4-51c1-9638-a5e7aacb6b1e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=August 29, 2019}}</ref>',
93 => '',
94 => 'In September 2019, the city of South Bend finalized a long-anticipated agreement with St. Joseph County to jointly fund the county's $18 million share of the project to [[Double-track railway|double-track]] the South Shore Line.<ref name=sbtdowntownstation1/><ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana counties back funding for South Shore rail project |url=https://www.wthr.com/article/indiana-counties-back-funding-south-shore-rail-project |agency=[[Associated Press]] |website=[[WTHR-TV]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 22, 2019}}</ref>',
95 => '',
96 => 'Beginning in August 2018, Buttigieg promoted the idea of moving the city's [[South Shore Line]] [[South Bend Airport station|station]] from [[South Bend International Airport]] to the city's downtown.<ref name="sbtdowntownstation1">{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor's push for downtown South Shore station raises new questions |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-s-push-for-downtown-south-shore-station/article_fc015328-a88a-5ae8-bca1-3e8932e81ac5.html |website=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=August 18, 2018|accessdate=April 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="sbtdowntownstation1"/> He made it a goal to have the city complete this project by 2025.<ref name=engineeringstudy>{{cite web |title=Engineering study approved for proposed South Shore Line station in downtown South Bend |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/engineering-study-approved-for-proposed-south-shore-line-station-in/article_e0936478-c4ce-58ca-bc83-0e3a7bee6aa0.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 17, 2018}}</ref> Buttigieg's earlier budgets had allotted funding to the existing South Shore Relocation project,<ref name=2018budgetproposalwsbt/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Tommie |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg presents 2018 budget plan |url=https://www.953mnc.com/2017/08/17/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-presents-2018-budget-plan/ |website=953 MNC |publisher=[[WTRC-FM]] |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> which would have moved the station to a different end of the South Bend International Airport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booker |first1=Ted |title=St. Joseph County plans to study options for South Shore rail line to west side of airport |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/st-joseph-county-plans-to-study-options-for-south-shore/article_ab1d2b5e-dd51-5db5-abe8-2d6c301a2484.html |website=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=April 10, 2019 |date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg's new push for a downtown station engendered suggestions of other possible locations. Buttigieg ordered a study of five location options, including his personally preferred downtown option, as well as two that would keep the station at the airport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Booker |first1=Ted |title=St. Joseph County plans to study options for South Shore rail line to west side of airport |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/our_opinion/editorial-confused-about-the-south-shore-plan-in-south-bend/article_f4986d55-822b-5a00-9dbe-4c33a6b27429.html |website=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 10, 2019 |date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> Of the five, the downtown location was found to be the priciest, but also the one with the greatest potential economic impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Bend Station Alternatives |url=https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AECOM-CSB-SSL-Feasibility-Study-Presentation-20180419.pdf |publisher=AECOM |accessdate=May 31, 2019 |date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> In December 2018, an engineering study was commissioned to further examine the cost of a downtown station.<ref name=engineeringstudy/>',
97 => '',
98 => 'In 2019, South Bend launched Commuters Trust, a new [[Employer transportation benefits in the United States|transportation benefit program]] created in collaboration with local employers and transportation providers (including [[South Bend TRANSPO]] and [[Lyft]]) and made possible by a $1 million three-year grant from [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] Mayors Challenge.<ref>{{cite web |title=CITY LAUNCHES COMMUTER BENEFIT PROGRAM IN PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL EMPLOYERS |url=https://southbendin.gov/2019/10/21/city-launches-commuter-benefit-program-in-partnership-with-local-employers/ |publisher=South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 15, 2019 |date=October 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Semmler |first1=Ed |title=IN: South Bend ride-sharing program solves transportation problems for workers |url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/alt-mobility/shared-mobility/car-sharing/news/21111228/in-south-bend-ridesharing-program-solves-transportation-problems-for-workers |work=Mass Transit Magazine |accessdate=November 15, 2019 |date=October 22, 2019}}</ref>',
99 => '',
100 => 'During Buttigieg's tenure, Downtown South Bend saw roughly $200 million in private investment.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Phillip |first1=Abby |title=Pete Buttigieg leaves behind economic progress and racial tensions in South Bend |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend/index.html |publisher=CNN |accessdate=5 January 2020 |date=31 December 2019}}</ref>',
101 => '',
102 => '====Police and fire services====',
103 => 'In late September 2017, in his budget proposal for the 2020 fiscal year, Buttigieg sought Common Council approval to create the new position of Director of Public Safety, which would have oversight over the city's fire and police chiefs.<ref name=safetydivision1/><ref name=psd1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor wants new public safety director position |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-mayor-wants-new-public-safety-director-position/article_0daf60df-c364-58ba-860d-d8098d57ee3d.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 29, 2019}}</ref> Such a position had existed in South Bend during the mayoralties of Jerry Miller and [[Peter Nemeth (politician)|Peter Nemeth]]; Nemeth eliminated the position in 1976.<ref name=psd2/> Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year earmarked $105,000 for the position's salary, which was more than the salary of the fire chief or police chief at the time.<ref name=psd1/><ref name=psd2>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend police oppose mayor's request to create new public safety director position |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-police-oppose-mayor-s-request-to-create-new/article_fb14dd00-2b7e-5bc0-9deb-efd8b0c37239.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cardone |first1=Jen |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg discusses possible new safety director position |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-discusses-possible-new-safety-director-position-449527313.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> The plan was opposed by members of the fire and police forces, including the local [[Fraternal Order of Police]] lodge.<ref name=psd2/><ref name=safetydivision1/> Criticisms included claims that it was unfair to both the fire and police chiefs to create an additional layer of bureaucracy between them and the mayor.<ref name=psd2/> The Common Council rejected Buttigieg's proposal,<ref name=safetydivision1>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Max |title=Buttigieg, South Bend FOP at odds over the mayor's proposed public safety division |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/buttigieg-south-bend-fop-at-odds-over-the-mayors-proposed-public-safety-division |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> and he rescinded the request.<ref name="2019budgetsbt1">{{cite web |title=South Bend Council approves $368M city budget for 2019 |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-m-city-budget-for/article_c845217e-4497-5539-9399-02b0fdeea76a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 9, 2018}}</ref> In late October 2019, it was announced that the South Bend Mayor's Office would have a slightly different new division, the Division of Community Initiatives.<ref name=divisionofcommunityinitiatives1>{{cite web |last1=Connin |first1=Katlin |title=South Bend adding brand-new division to the mayor's office |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-adding-brand-new-division-to-the-mayors-office |publisher=WBST-TV |accessdate=November 4, 2019 |date=October 28, 2019}}</ref> This is budgeted to be launched in 2020, when Buttigieg's successor will take office. Buttigieg supported this department's creation.<ref name=divisionofcommunityinitiatives1/>',
104 => '',
105 => 'In September 2018, South Bend sent roughly 20 members of its fire department's Swift Water Rescue Group to [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], to assist in anticipation of [[Hurricane Florence]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg talks city budget, 9/11 anniversary |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor--493041261.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=September 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hand |first1=Tackora |title=Indiana National Guard trains for disaster response |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/1998425/indiana-national-guard-trains-for-disaster-response/ |publisher=United States National Guard |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=October 25, 2019}}</ref>',
106 => '',
107 => 'After a white South Bend police officer shot and killed Eric Logan, an African-American man, in June 2019, Buttigieg was drawn from his presidential campaign to focus on the emerging public reaction. Body cameras were not turned on during Logan's death.<ref name ="nytimes">{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |first2=Richard A., Jr. |last2=Oppel |date=August 30, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/30/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-police.html |title=Pete Buttigieg Was Rising. Then Came South Bend's Policing Crisis. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Soon after Logan's death, Buttigieg presided over a town hall attended by disaffected activists from the African-American community as well as relatives of the deceased man. The local police union accused Buttigieg of making decisions for political gain.<ref name=Gabriel-190624>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-shooting.html | title=A New Test for Pete Buttigieg: Does He Feel Their Pain? | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 24, 2019 | accessdate=June 25, 2019 | first=Trip | last=Gabriel | first2=Reid J. | last2=Epstein}}</ref><ref name=Steinhauser-190625>{{cite news | url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/south-bend-police-union-slams-buttigieg | title=South Bend police union slams Buttigieg over response to police shooting of black man | work=[[Fox News]] | date=June 25, 2019 | accessdate=June 25, 2019 | first=Paul | last=Steinhauser | first2=Andres | last2=del Aguila}}</ref> In November 2019, Buttigieg secured $180,000 to commission a review of South Bend's police department policies and practices to be conducted by Chicago-based consulting firm 21CP Solutions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mazurek |first1=Marek |title=Reactions varied at latest community meeting about South Bend Police |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/some-at-latest-community-meeting-about-south-bend-police-feel/article_0ba4749a-ca9b-593e-9830-698f8be75ebd.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=November 9, 2019}}</ref>',
108 => '',
109 => 'During Buttigieg's tenure, the city's police force continued to struggle with a high homicide rate; the annual number of murders in South Bend was 18 in 2012, 9 in 2013, 17 in 2014, 7 in 2015, 14 in 2016, 15 in 2017, and 13 in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-murder-count-remains-steady-under-buttigiegs-watch|title=South Bend's murder count remains in double digits under most of Buttigieg's watch|newspaper=[[WBND-LD]]|date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>',
110 => '',
111 => '====Other civic matters====',
112 => 'Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included items to address various public health concerns,<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a>{{cite web |last1=Rivest |first1=Sarah |title=Mayor Buttigieg introduces budget proposal for 2018 |url=https://abc57.com/news/mayor-buttigieg-introduces-budget-proposal-for-2018 |website=ABC57 |publisher=WBND-LD |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name=2018budgetproposalwsbt>{{cite web |last1=Kennedy |first1=Danielle |title=Mayor Buttigieg proposes 2018 budget for South Bend |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/mayor-buttigieg-proposes-2018-budget-for-south-bend |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> including funding for a "healthy homes" program,<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a/> which was ultimately included in the 2018 budget approved by the Common Council.<ref name=2018sbbudget>{{cite web |title=City of South Bend, Indiana 2018 ADOPTED BUDGET |url=http://docs.southbendin.gov/WebLink/0/edoc/118091/0.%202018%20Budget%20Book.pdf |publisher=City of South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 12, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg also made a request for $24 million to fund new green spaces in the city<ref name=budgetproposalfor2018a/> that was ultimately excluded from the budget.<ref name=2018sbbudget/>',
113 => '',
114 => 'Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included $156,000 for paid [[parental leave]] to city employees.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Buttigieg seeks new paid parental leave benefit for city of South Bend employees |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-seeks-new-paid-parental-leave-benefit-for-city-of/article_f00804ae-1baf-5cbc-b274-efd551a7be3a.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |language=en |date=September 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg proposes paid parental leave for South Bend city employees |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave-for-South-Bend-city-employees-444454133.html |publisher=WNDU-TV |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |language=english |date=September 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg Proposes Paid Parental Leave |url=https://southbendin.gov/2017/09/14/buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave/ |newspaper=South Bend, Indiana |accessdate=November 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City of South Bend offers new paid parental leave policy starting this year |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-offers-new-paid-parental-leave-policy-starting-this-year |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=November 19, 2019 |date=January 8, 2018}}</ref>',
115 => '',
116 => 'Buttigieg had expressed his openness to a proposal by the [[Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians]] to open a [[Native American gaming|tribal casino]] in South Bend.<ref name="blaskocasino1">{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend council approves casino deal |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-casino-deal/article_af188ea4-004f-11e6-b5f9-cf98677cd204.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> The Common Council approved a casino deal in April 2016,<ref name="blaskocasino1"/> and the Pokagon Band received federal clearance to put the land into a required trust in November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beckett |first1=Samantha |title=South Bend Casino Puts Gambling Next to America's Most Distinguished Catholic University |url=https://www.casino.org/news/south-bend-casino-next-to-distinguished-catholic-university/ |publisher=Casino.org |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ropeik |first1=Annie |title=Michiana Tribe Gets Land Trust Approval For South Bend Casino |url=https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/michiana-tribe-gets-land-trust-approval-for-south-bend-casino |publisher=[[WFYI (TV)]] |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Under a revenue-sharing agreement that the Pokagon Band voluntarily entered into with the city, the city receives the greater of 2% of the casino's annual [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act#Class II|Class II]] gaming revenues or either $1 million or $2 million (depending on the number of games at the casino).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Table games, sports betting and expansion coming to South Bend's Four Winds Casino? |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/table-games-sports-betting-and-expansion-coming-to-south-bend/article_392ad128-1894-590b-b956-93fe1ec06d28.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=September 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City, agencies celebrate first local agreement distributions from Pokagon Band |url=http://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/cultural-highlight/city-agencies-celebrate-first-local-agreement-distributions-pokagon-band |publisher=Pokégnek Bodéwadmik (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi) |accessdate=November 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=South Bend, Pokagon Band reach agreements related to casino project |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-pokagon-band-reach-agreements-related-to-casino-project/article_6e2f14f6-f0fc-11e5-bf0b-4bf1365a3744.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> The casino opened in January 2018 as [[Four Winds Casinos|Four Winds]] South Bend.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian tribe with 3 Michigan casinos opens 1st in Indiana |url=https://apnews.com/63622de7d4f74232873686312f6e5568 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Ben |title=Four Winds opens South Bend location |url=https://apnews.com/6d772749eeae467990667c659d374e02 |publisher=Associated Press |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>',
117 => '',
118 => 'In 2018, Women's Care Center, a [[crisis pregnancy center]] chain, petitioned the city to allow it to rezone a residential property to allow it to open a location adjacent to a planned Whole Woman's Health [[abortion clinic]] (which would be the only abortion clinic in the city, which had been without one since 2015).<ref name=abortiondodged>{{cite web |last1=Endicott |first1=Marisa |title="Beyond My Pay Grade": When Pete Buttigieg Had a Chance to Stand Firm on Abortion Rights, He Dodged |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/06/pete-buttigieg-abortion-clinic-south-bend-whole-womans-health-crisis/ |work=Mother Jones |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=June 13, 2019}}</ref> The rezoning case became a flashpoint between local [[United States anti-abortion movement|anti-abortion]] activists supporting the rezoning and [[United States abortion-rights movement|abortion-rights]] activists opposing it.<ref name=abortiondodged/> In April 2018, the city council voted 5-4 to allow the rezoning.<ref name=abortiondodged/> The group Pro Choice South Bend, which opposed the rezoning, organized a letter-writing campaign and other efforts to urge Buttigieg to use his [[veto]] power to block the rezoning.<ref name=abortiondodged/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=Pro-abortion rights group urging South Bend mayor to veto anti-abortion group's rezoning |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pro-abortion-rights-group-urging-south-bend-mayor-to-veto/article_ec97b871-0625-5d76-b4b8-268fe5af64a1.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> Amid this, Buttigieg's office reportedly reached out to Whole Woman's Health Alliance and discussed various concerns.<ref name=abortiondodged/> Four days after the Common Council's vote to approve the rezoning, Buttigieg vetoed it, in a decision he described as "one of the hardest decisions I've ever made" as mayor.<ref name=abortiondodged/> In a letter to Common Council members, Buttigieg said he was persuaded by data provided by the abortion clinic showing that there were higher rates of threats, harassment, and violence at abortion clinics near crisis pregnancy centers, but was careful not to criticize the crisis pregnancy center, writing that he believed that representatives of both the abortion clinic and the crisis pregnancy center "are good residents who seek to support women by providing services consistent with their values."<ref name=abortiondodged/> In a press conference he held to explain his veto, he declared, "Issues on the morality or the legality of abortion are dramatically beyond my pay grade as mayor. For us this is a neighborhood issue, and it’s a zoning issue."<ref name=abortiondodged/> In mid-May 2018, Buttigieg said he was willing to work with Women's Care Center to find a different location in the area.<ref name=abortiondodged/> Women's Care Center eventually opened at a location across the street from the planned abortion clinic.<ref name=abortiondodged/> When Buttigieg ran for president, some criticized his assistance to Women's Care Center as a failure to stick strongly to his abortion-rights position.<ref name=abortiondodged/>',
119 => '',
120 => 'Also in 2018, Buttigieg explored [[Municipal annexation in the United States|annexing]] several areas bordering the city<ref name="growthbeyondwithin">{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend looks for growth beyond and within its borders |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-looks-for-growth-beyond-and-within-its-borders/article_a323a9f9-06cb-5449-989f-d2e8a278499a.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 29, 2019 |date=June 3, 2018}}</ref> and redrawing the boundaries of several of the city's tax increment financing districts to better serve neighborhoods that had not benefited from redevelopment.<ref name="growthbeyondwithin"/>',
121 => '',
122 => 'In August 2018, South Bend pledged a $3.7 million bond issue to assist the [[Potawatomi Zoo]] in funding its renovations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Caleb |title=City of South Bend plans to help pay for zoo projects |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-plans-to-help-pay-for-zoo/article_28c8b887-fa47-547b-9240-bc337b3f2efb.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=August 10, 2018}}</ref> In September, it was announced that the zoo renovation had obtained additional funding from the [[Indiana Economic Development Corporation]]'s Regional Cities Initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title=INDIANA'S OLDEST ZOO TO UNDERGO MAJOR UPGRADE |url=https://www.buildingindiana.com/indianas-oldest-zoo-to-undergoing-major-upgrade/ |publisher=Building Indiana |accessdate=November 16, 2019 |date=September 16, 2018}}</ref>',
123 => '',
124 => 'In August 2018, Buttigieg declared an intent to include a focus on neighborhoods in his budget proposal for the 2019 fiscal year.<ref name=sbt2019budgetpropsoal1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=South Bend mayor focuses 2019 budget on neighborhoods |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-focuses-budget-on-neighborhoods/article_4afcdb6e-6ab5-59e2-8b7f-914f3b49315e.html |newspaper=South Bend Tribune |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=August 2, 2018}}</ref> In addition to improvements to infrastructure, such as [[street light|streetlight]]s, Buttigieg also promoted the expansion of the city's Group Violence Intervention efforts, which he believed were showing success at reducing violent crime among the city's youth.<ref name=sbt2019budgetpropsoal1/> The Common Council approved many of Buttigieg's requests in its 2019 budget.<ref name="2019budgetsbt1"/>',
125 => '',
126 => '====Speculations about higher office and national political involvement====',
127 => 'Ahead of the 2016 election cycle, Buttigieg declined to run in the [[2016 United States Senate election in Indiana|United States Senate election in Indiana]].<ref name="pickfight">{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |last2=Butler |first2=Matthew |title=Gov. Pence prepares to pick a fight |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=June 25, 2015 |volume=20 |issue=39 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150625.pdf |accessdate=September 17, 2019}}</ref> He later campaigned on behalf of Democratic Senate nominee [[Evan Bayh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ICYMI: 'Evan Bayh Made Indiana Great Again' |url=https://www.indems.org/icymi-evan-bayh-made-indiana-great-again/ |publisher=Indiana Democratic Party |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref> He criticized Bayh's opponent, [[Todd Young]], for having voiced support in 2010 for retaining the military's [[don't ask, don't tell]] policy, which Bayh had [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|voted to repeal]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Kevin |title=Buttigieg gets involved in Senate race, draws attention to 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/buttigieg-gets-involved-in-senate-race-draws-attention-to-don/article_2ea1d2ce-7f8b-11e6-b552-87cd6284d82e.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 21, 2016}}</ref> In the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2016 Democratic presidential primaries]], Buttigieg endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Strauss |first1=Daniel |title=Sanders seeks to end his free fall |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/indiana-sanders-clinton-222687 |website=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=May 2, 2016}}</ref> He also endorsed Democratic nominee Lynn Coleman in [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|that year's election]] for [[Indiana's 2nd congressional district]], which includes South Bend.<ref>{{cite web |title=DCCC Chair Luján Names Lynn Coleman to Emerging Races |url=https://dccc.org/dccc-chair-lujan-names-lynn-coleman-emerging-races/ |publisher=Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=September 23, 2016}}</ref>',
128 => '',
129 => 'In 2016, ''[[New York Times]]'' columnist [[Frank Bruni]] published a column praising Buttigieg's work as mayor with a headline asking if he might be "the first gay president".<ref name="FrankBruni">{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Bruni |title=The First Gay President? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/opinion/sunday/the-first-gay-president.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 11, 2016 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref> Additionally, [[Barack Obama]] was cited as mentioning him as one of the Democratic Party's talents in a profile on the former president conducted by ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Remnick |first1=David |title=Obama Reckons with a Trump Presidency |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/obama-reckons-with-a-trump-presidency |website=[[The New Yorker]] |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>',
130 => '',
131 => 'For the [[2018 United States elections|2018 midterms]], Buttigieg founded the political action committee [[Hitting Home PAC]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buttigieg |first1=Pete |title=Hitting Home: a new politics of the everyday |url=https://medium.com/the-moment-by-pete-for-america/hitting-home-a-new-politics-of-the-everyday-76316121f06a |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |accessdate=September 9, 2019|date=June 22, 2017 }}</ref> That October, Buttigieg personally endorsed 21 congressional candidates.<ref name=indianapolismonthlynovember2018>{{cite web |last1=Wren |first1=Adam |title=Pete Buttigieg Has His Eye On The Prize |url=https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature |website=Indianapolis Monthly |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> He also later endorsed Mel Hall, Democratic nominee in [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana#District 2|the election]] for Indiana's 2nd congressional district.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ortega |first1=Veronica |title=South Bend's mayor is throwing his support behind Democrat Mel Hall |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bends-mayor-is-throwing-his-support-behind-democrat-mel-hall |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=October 26, 2019 |date=November 1, 2018}}</ref> Buttigieg also campaigned in support of Joe Donnelly's reelection campaign in the [[2018 United States Senate election in Indiana|United States Senate election in Indiana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg, other Hoosier veterans launch South Bend 'Veterans for Joe' with press conference |url=https://joeforindiana.com/updates/mayor-pete-buttigieg-other-hoosier-veterans-launch-south-bend-veterans-for-joe-with-press-conference/ |publisher=Donnelly for Indiana |accessdate=October 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg campaigned for candidates in more than a dozen states, including early presidential primary states such as [[Iowa]] and [[South Carolina]], a move indicating potential interest in running for president.<ref name=indianapolismonthlynovember2018/>',
132 => '',
133 => '====Succession as mayor====',
134 => 'In December 2018, Buttigieg announced that he would not seek a third term as mayor of South Bend.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-will-not-seek-a-third-term-as-south/article_0399eb60-365a-5f18-b98c-de8cc9010831.html|title=Pete Buttigieg will not seek a third term as South Bend mayor|first=Jeff|last=Parrott|date=December 18, 2018|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref> In February 2019, Buttigieg endorsed [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]] in the [[2019 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|2019 South Bend mayoral election]].<ref name=sbt1/><ref>{{cite web |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg endorses James Mueller as his pick to replace him',
135 => '|url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-endorses-james-mueller-as-his-pick-to-replace-him |publisher=WSBT-TV |accessdate=October 24, 2019 |date=February 11, 2019}}</ref> Mueller was a high-school classmate of Buttigieg's and his mayoral chief of staff, and later executive director of the South Bend Department of Community Investment.<ref name=sbt1/> Mueller's campaign promised to continue the progress that had been made under Buttigieg's mayoralty.<ref name=abc57a>{{cite web |last1=Hudson |first1=Melissa |title=Primary election: James Mueller wins Democratic nomination for South Bend mayor |url=https://www.abc57.com/news/primary-election-south-bend-mayoral-race |website=ABC 57 |publisher=[[WBND-LD]] |accessdate=May 23, 2019 |date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg appeared in campaign ads for Mueller and donated to Mueller's campaign.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Becker |first1=Lauren |title=Slew of Democrats hoping to replace Buttigieg busy fundraising, mobilizing voters |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/slew-of-democrats-hoping-to-replace-buttigieg-busy-fundraising-mobilizing-voters |publisher=[[WSBT-TV|WSBT]] |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |date=May 2, 2019}}</ref> Mueller won the May 2019 Democratic primary with 37% of the vote in a crowded field.<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Primary Election: Official Results|url=https://www.sjcindiana.com/1647/2019-Primary-Election|publisher=St. Joseph County, Indiana}}</ref><ref name=sbt1>{{cite web |last1=Parrott |first1=Jeff |title=James Mueller rolls to victory in South Bend mayoral primary |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/james-mueller-rolls-to-victory-in-south-bend-mayoral-primary/article_4139cab3-c713-5d9c-be70-7387ef7b806d.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=May 23, 2019 |date=May 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Top Buttigieg Aide Wins South Bend Mayoral Primary |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/top-buttigieg-mayoral-aide-wins-primary-to-lead-indiana-city |accessdate=October 24, 2019 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> In the November 2019 general election, Mueller defeated Republican nominee Sean M. Haas with 63% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|title=Election Summary Report: General Election, Tuesday, November 5, 2019|url=https://www.sjcindiana.com/DocumentCenter/View/28489/2019-General-Election-Summary---Unofficial|publisher=St. Joseph County, Indiana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Democrat James Mueller voted as South Bend's next mayor |url=https://wsbt.com/news/local/democrat-james-mueller-voted-as-south-bends-next-mayor |publisher=[[WSBT-TV]] |accessdate=November 6, 2019 |date=November 5, 2019}}</ref> Mueller took office on [[New Year's Day]] 2020.<ref name="NYTsuccessor">{{cite news |last1=Gabriel |first1=Trip |title=He's Not 'Mayor Pete' Anymore: Buttigieg's Successor Is Sworn In |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/01/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend.html |accessdate=12 February 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 January 2020}}</ref>',
136 => '',
137 => '== 2017 DNC chair election ==',
138 => '',
139 => 'In January 2017, Buttigieg announced his candidacy for chair of the [[Democratic National Committee]] in its [[2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election|2017 chairmanship election]].<ref>{{cite news| first= Jonathan | last= Martin | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/05/us/pete-buttigieg-democratic-national-committee-chairman-race.html | title= Indiana Mayor Running for D.N.C. Chairman | work= [[The New York Times]] | date= January 5, 2017 | accessdate= March 18, 2019}}</ref> He built a national profile as an emerging dark horse in the race for the chairmanship with the backing of former DNC chairman [[Howard Dean]], former [[Maryland]] governor [[Martin O'Malley]], Indiana senator [[Joe Donnelly]], and [[North Dakota]] senator [[Heidi Heitkamp]].<ref name="Seitz-Wald">{{cite news| first= Alex | last= Seitz-Wald | url= https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/dnc-race-democrats-elect-new-leader-saturday-n725596 |title=DNC Race: Democrats Elect New Leader Saturday |website=[[NBC News]] | date= February 25, 2017 | accessdate= February 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Fritze">{{cite news| first= John |last= Fritze |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-backs-pete-buttigieg-over-tom-perez-for-dnc-20170208-story.html | title= Martin O'Malley backs Pete Buttigieg (over Tom Perez) for DNC | newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] | accessdate= February 8, 2017}}</ref> Buttigieg "campaigned on the idea that the aging Democratic Party needed to empower its millennial members".<ref name="Seitz-Wald"/>',
140 => '',
141 => 'Former [[United States Secretary of Labor|U.S. secretary of labor]] [[Tom Perez]] and [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] [[Keith Ellison]] quickly emerged as the favored candidates of a majority of DNC members. Buttigieg withdrew from the race on the day of the election without endorsing a candidate, and Perez was elected chair after two rounds of voting.<ref name="Seitz-Wald" />',
142 => '',
143 => '== 2020 presidential election ==',
144 => '{{Main|Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign}}',
145 => '{{see|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}',
146 => '[[File:PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg announcing his [[2020 United States presidential election|candidacy for President in 2020]] on April 14, 2019|215x215px]]',
147 => '',
148 => 'On January 23, 2019, Buttigieg announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to run for [[President of the United States]] in the upcoming [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]].<ref name="CNNExploratory">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/pete-buttigieg-2020-president/index.html|title=Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, jumps into 2020 race|last=Merica|first=Dan|date=January 23, 2019|accessdate=January 25, 2019|website=CNN}}</ref> Buttigieg is seeking the Democratic Party nomination for president.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/breaking-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-joins-presidential-race/article_c2ca8722-70b4-5b40-9d10-14ee798fbb8d.html|title=Breaking: South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg joins 2020 presidential race|first=Sara|last=Burnett|date=January 23, 2019|work=[[South Bend Tribune]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend-president.html|title=Pete Buttigieg, Mayor of South Bend, Ind., Joins Democratic 2020 Race|last1=Burns|first1=Alexander|date=January 23, 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=January 23, 2019}}</ref> If elected, he would be the youngest and first openly gay American president.<ref name=CNNExploratory/> Buttigieg officially launched his campaign on April 14, 2019, in South Bend.<ref name=Segran-190414 /><ref name="CNNPeteAnnounce">{{cite news |last1=Merica |first1=Dan |title=Pete Buttigieg officially announces presidential campaign |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/14/politics/pete-buttigieg-presidential-campaign/index.html |accessdate=April 14, 2019 |work=CNN |date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>',
149 => '',
150 => 'Buttigieg describes himself as a progressive and a supporter of [[democratic capitalism]].<ref name="Beauchamp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/3/28/18283925/pete-buttigieg-mayor-pete-interview-capitalism|title=Pete Buttigieg makes the case for "democratic capitalism"|last=Beauchamp|first=Zack|date=March 28, 2019|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=April 1, 2019}}</ref> Historian David Mislin identifies Buttigieg as a pragmatic progressive in the tradition of the [[Social Gospel]] movement once strong in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]].<ref>David Mislin, [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/11/07/Pete-Buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-of-Social-Gospel/6261573132113/ Pete Buttigieg reviving pragmatic, progressive ideals of Social Gospel], UPI (November 7, 2019), republished at ''[https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/pete-buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-social-gospel-movement-94506 The National Interest]'' (November 11, 2019).</ref> Buttigieg identifies [[regulatory capture]] as a significant problem in American society.<ref name=Beauchamp/>',
151 => '',
152 => 'In early February 2020, Buttigieg led the [[2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses]] results with 26.2% to [[Bernie Sanders]]’ 26.1%, winning 14 delegates to Sanders’s 12.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/politics/iowa-caucus-results/index.html|title=Pete Buttigieg keeps narrow lead in Iowa caucuses with 100% of precincts reporting|author1=Dan Merica |author2=Jeff Zeleny |author3=Adam Levy|website=CNN|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theweek.com/10things/894837/10-things-need-know-today-february-10-2020|title=10 things you need to know today: February 10, 2020|date=2020-02-10|website=theweek.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref> The [[LGBTQ Victory Fund]], Buttigieg’s first national endorsement,{{efn|He was endorsed in June 2019 on the [[Stonewall 50th anniversary|50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising]].}} noted the historical first of an LGBTQ candidate winning a state presidential primary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://victoryfund.org/news/pete-buttigiegs-iowa-victory-a-milestone-in-u-s-history-america-on-track-to-elect-its-first-gay-president/|title=Pete Buttigieg's Iowa Victory A Milestone in U.S. History; America On-Track to Elect Its First Gay President|last=Keith|first=Jarod|website=LGBTQ Victory Fund|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>',
153 => '',
154 => '== Political positions ==',
155 => '{{Main|Political positions of Pete Buttigieg}}',
156 => '{{POV-section|date=February 2020}}',
157 => '=== Abortion ===',
158 => 'Buttigieg supports [[abortion rights]]<ref name=":6">{{cite web |last1=Relman |first1=Eliza |title=Pete Buttigieg is running for President in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-pete-buttigieg-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-3 |website=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=April 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Charlotte|last=Alter|title=Pete Buttigieg enters presidential race with a message of generational change |url=https://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]]|location=New York City|date=April 14, 2019|accessdate=April 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428031517/http://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/ |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the repeal of the [[Hyde Amendment]], which blocks federal funding for abortion services in all but the most extreme circumstances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's political stances |url=https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances |website=iSideWith |accessdate=April 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428023553/https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, as mayor, Buttigieg vetoed a South Bend Common Council rezoning decision that would have allowed an anti-abortion [[crisis pregnancy center]] to open next door to a planned abortion clinic.<ref>',
159 => '*{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html|title=South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning|newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]]|first=Jeff|last=Parrott|date=April 28, 2018|access-date=October 13, 2019}}',
160 => '*{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend |title=An abortion clinic is suing to open in Pete Buttigieg's city. It could test his skills on a national stage. |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last=North |first=Anna |date=March 27, 2019 |accessdate=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420060334/https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}',
161 => '*{{cite news |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html |title=South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning |last=Parrot |first=Jeff |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323063853/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=abortiondodged/>',
162 => '',
163 => 'In May 2019, after the [[Alabama Legislature]] passed [[Human Life Protection Act|legislation outlawing virtually all abortion services in the state]], Buttigieg said that it was "ignoring science, criminalizing abortion, and punishing women".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pete-buttigieg-fox-news-town-hall_n_5ce1db9be4b00e035b928161 |title=Pete Buttigieg: 'I trust women to draw the line' on their own abortions |last=Karanth |first=Sanjana |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=August 17, 2019 |language=en-AU}}</ref>',
164 => '',
165 => '=== Climate change ===',
166 => '[[Image:Mayor Pete at Roosevelt High School (48891405907).jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg at a town hall meeting on October 12, 2019 in [[Des Moines]] with supporters holding signs saying Climate is a Crisis.]]',
167 => 'Buttigieg released a plan to combat [[climate change]] consisting of three parts: building a clean economy through the creation of [[renewable energy|clean energy]] jobs; improving [[Climate resilience|resilience]] by investing in disaster relief and prevention; and heightening the United States' role in the international fight against climate change.<ref name="climateplan">{{cite web |last1=Buttigieg |first1=Pete |title=Mobilizing America: Rising to the Climate Challenge |url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6380609/Buttigieg-Climate-Plan.pdf |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=October 20, 2019 |pages=1–2 }}</ref> His proposal sets benchmarks of doubling clean electricity in the U.S. by 2025, zero emissions in electricity generation by 2035, net-zero emissions from industrial vehicles by 2040, and net-zero emissions by 2050.<ref name="climateplan" />',
168 => '',
169 => 'Buttigieg has said that, if elected, he will restore the United States' commitment to the [[Paris Climate Agreement]] and double its pledge to the [[Green Climate Fund]]. In June 2017, he was one of 407 U.S. mayors who signed a pact to adhere to the agreement after [[President Trump]] announced his decision to withdraw from it.<ref name="pbs" /> Buttigieg also supports the [[Green New Deal]] proposed by House Democrats.<ref name=Janes-190316>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html |title=Pete Buttigieg, the young and openly gay Midwest mayor, finds a voice in crowded Democratic presidential field | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=March 16, 2019 | accessdate=March 24, 2019 |first=Chelsea | last=Janes | first2=Michael | last2=Scherer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324113006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don | archive-date=March 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC|title=Buttigieg backs Green New Deal resolution|work=[[CNN]]|via=[[MSN]]|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223233/https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC|archive-date=March 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>',
170 => '',
171 => 'Buttigieg favors [[solar panel]] subsidies and a [[Carbon fee and dividend|carbon tax and dividend]] policy to reduce [[greenhouse gas emissions]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[NBC News]]|title=Democratic Presidential Debate|date=June 27, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX7hni-zGD8&feature=youtu.be&t=4460|access-date=July 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html|title=Mayor Pete to President Pete? It's crazy, but he thinks his ideas aren't.|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306135526/https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=March 7, 2019}}</ref>',
172 => '',
173 => '===Criminal justice===',
174 => 'Buttigieg supports eliminating the death penalty.<ref name=Steinhauser-190404>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations | title=Buttigieg calls for scrapping death penalty, supporting slavery reparations | work=[[Fox News]] | date=April 4, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Paul | last=Steinhauser | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404175113/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations | archive-date=April 4, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> On marijuana, Buttigieg has supported [[Cannabis in Canada|Canada-style legalization]], saying: "The safe, regulated, and legal sale of marijuana is an idea whose time has come for the United States, as evidenced by voters demanding legalization in states across the country."<ref name=Martin-190226>{{cite news |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg | title=Marijuana is no longer a fringe issue for 2020 presidential candidates | work=[[The Boston Globe]] | date=February 26, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Naomi | last=Martin | first2=James | last2=Pindell | first3=Saurabh | last3=Datar | first4=Irfan | last4=Uraizee | first5=Patrick | last5=Garvin | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327131242/https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg | archive-date=March 27, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> He supports moving toward reversing criminal sentences for minor drug-related offenses,<ref name=Higgins-190404/> and eliminating incarceration for drug possession offenses.<ref>{{cite web|author=Brooke Singman|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-incarceration-drug-possession|title=Pete Buttigieg calls for elimination of incarceration for drug possession offenses|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=October 26, 2019}}</ref> Though acknowledging the problematic nature of the disparity in black and white marijuana arrests, South Bend's black residents were 4.3 times likelier under Buttigieg to be arrested for Cannabis possession than white residents. This represents a rate higher than Indiana (3.5 times likelier) and the U.S. (3 times likelier).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/11/26/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-marijuana-arrests/|title=PETE BUTTIGIEG SAYS MARIJUANA ARRESTS SIGNIFY "SYSTEMIC RACISM." HIS SOUTH BEND POLICE FIT THE BILL.|date=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecrimereport.org/2019/11/27/racial-disparity-high-in-pot-arrests-under-buttigieg/|title=Racial Disparity High In Pot Arrests Under Buttigieg|date=November 27, 2019}}</ref>',
175 => '',
176 => 'In 2019, Buttigieg called for the U.S. to "decriminalize mental illness and addiction through diversion, treatment, and [[Prisoner reentry|re-entry]] programs" with a goal of decreasing "the number of people incarcerated due to mental illness or substance use by 75% in the first term."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pete-buttigieg-unveils-plan-to-improve-mental-health-care-and-fight-addiction/|title=Buttigieg unveils plan to improve mental health care and fight addiction|publisher=CBS News|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/mental-health/|title=Healing and Belonging in America|website=Pete For America|language=en-US|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref>',
177 => '',
178 => '===Economy, commerce, and workers’ rights===',
179 => '[[Image:Pete Buttigieg (48646620607).jpg|thumb|right|Buttigieg speaking at the 2019 Iowa Federation of Labor Convention.]]',
180 => 'Buttigieg has frequently pointed to automation as the chief cause of the great loss of manufacturing jobs nationwide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf|title=The Axe Files episode 129|publisher=University of Chicago|date=March 13, 2017|accessdate=March 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215231658/https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf|archive-date=February 15, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He has spoken of the need to work with labor unions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html|title=Keynote speaker at Washington Days sees similarities between Indiana and Kansas|last=Cisneros|first=Juan|website=WIBW|date=March 3, 2018|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081010/https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> As a self-proclaimed [[democratic capitalism|democratic capitalist]], Buttigieg rejects [[crony capitalism]] and supports a constitutional amendment to protect democracy from the undue and corrupting influence of money in politics.<ref name=Turner-190320>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html | title=2020 Democratic candidate Pete Buttigieg says this is 'the biggest problem with capitalism right now' | work=[[CNBC]] | date=March 20, 2019 | accessdate=March 22, 2019 | first=Ashley | last=Turner | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321012329/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html | archive-date=March 21, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> He is receptive to the possibility of antitrust actions against large technology companies but more focused on privacy and data security concerns.<ref name=Lizza-190302>{{cite news |url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/ | title=The Esquire Interview: Mayor Peter Buttigieg | work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] | date=March 2, 2019 | accessdate=March 24, 2019 | first=Ryan | last=Lizza | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324114203/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/ | archive-date=March 24, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>',
181 => '',
182 => 'In 2010, Buttigieg praised the passage of the [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg comments on financial reform act |url=http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2617 |website=Pete for Indiana |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=July 21, 2010}}</ref>',
183 => '',
184 => 'While running for Indiana state treasurer in 2010, Buttigieg described his record as [[Fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]],<ref name=timesunion2march/> and supported the [[Community Reinvestment Act]] (CRA), proposing that Indiana choose to deposit state funds in banks that were compliant with CRA obligations.<ref name=Dick>{{cite news |last1=Dick|first1=Stephen|url=https://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/state_news/state-treasurer-candidate-wants-banks-to-help-communities/article_fd91f22a-f272-53d8-ad06-f261cb2d7f23.html|title=State treasurer candidate wants banks to help communities |work=[[The Herald Bulletin]] |date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg: Expect more from banks |url=http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2628 |website=Pete for Indiana |accessdate=September 18, 2019 |date=July 29, 2010}}</ref>',
185 => '',
186 => 'In July 2019, Buttigieg released a plan to strengthen union bargaining power, to raise the [[Minimum wage in the United States|minimum wage]] to $15, and to offer national paid family leave.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peteforamerica.com/empowering-workers/|title=A New Rising Tide|website=Pete For America|language=en-US|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref>',
187 => '',
188 => '===Education===',
189 => 'Buttigieg's education plan includes a $700 billion investment in universal full-day child care and pre-K for all children from infancy to age 5.<ref name="mainsiteedu">{{cite web |title=Keeping the Promise for America's Children |url=https://peteforamerica.com/policies/education/ |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Buttigieg also wants to triple Title I funding for schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's education plan highlights broad agreement among Democrats on K-12 policy — though differences on charters remain |url=https://chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2019/12/07/mayor-pete-buttigieg-k-12-education-plan-charter-schools/ |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Other goals include doubling the amount of new teachers of color in the next 10 years, addressing school segregation with a $500 million fund, paying teachers more, expanding mental health services in schools, and creating more after-school programs and summer learning opportunities.<ref name="mainsiteedu"/>',
190 => '',
191 => 'His plan for debt-free college partially involves expanding Pell Grants for low and middle-income students, as well as other investments and ending Trump's tax cuts for the wealthy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pete Buttigieg's College Affordability Plan: The Goldilocks Solution |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2019/11/12/pete-buttigiegs-college-affordability-plan-the-goldilocks-solution/#669ca4a4545d |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Under his plan, the bottom 80% of students would get free college, with the other 20% paying some or all of the tuition themselves on a sliding scale.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whistle |first1=Wesley |title=Mayor Pete's Middle Of The Road Plan For Higher Education |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wesleywhistle/2019/11/14/mayor-petes-middle-of-the-road-plan-for-higher-education/#513cbe727052 |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>',
192 => '',
193 => '===Elections and voting rights===',
194 => 'Buttigieg favors the abolition of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/|title=Deconstructed Podcast: Mayor Pete Buttigieg on Trump, Islamophobia, and His Presidential Bid|last=Deconstructed|date=March 21, 2019|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328112002/https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/|archive-date=March 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also called for [[Felony disenfranchisement in the United States|restoring voting rights to felons]] who have completed their prison sentences,<ref name=Higgins-190404>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html | title=Democratic hopeful Pete Buttigieg addresses 'all lives matter' controversy, says he no longer uses the phrase | work=[[CNBC]] | date=April 4, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Tucker | last=Higgins | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162341/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html | archive-date=April 4, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think|title=Buttigieg on whether felons should be able to vote from prison: 'I don't think so'|last=Greenwood|first=Max|date=April 22, 2019|website=TheHill|language=en|access-date=April 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423052624/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think|archive-date=April 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and made election security a primary part of his platform.<ref>{{cite web |title=Security means protecting our democracy. |url=https://peteforamerica.com/issues/#ElectionSecurity |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>',
195 => '',
196 => '=== Foreign policy and national security===',
197 => 'Buttigieg has said that he believes the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan]] following the [[September 11 attacks]] was justified<ref name=Lizza-190302 /> but now supports withdrawing American troops from the region with a maintained intelligence presence.<ref name="pbs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues|title=What does Pete Buttigieg believe? Where the candidate stands on 7 issues|date=February 15, 2019|website=[[PBS NewsHour]]|language=en-us|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306222851/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a committed supporter of [[Israel]],<ref name="Ward-190403">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine | title=Democrats are increasingly critical of Israel. Not Pete Buttigieg. | work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] | date=April 3, 2019 | accessdate=April 4, 2019 | first=Alex | last=Ward | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403233033/https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine | archive-date=April 3, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Nahmias">Omri Nahmias, [https://www.jpost.com/International/Buttigieg-US-support-for-Israel-is-not-support-for-annexation-606093 Pete Buttigieg: U.S. support for Israel is not support for annexation], ''Jerusalem Post'' (October 29, 2019).</ref> favors a [[two-state solution]] to the [[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]],<ref name=Nahmias/><ref>Jackson Richmand, [https://www.jns.org/record-at-a-glance-mayor-pete-buttigieg-supports-two-state-solution-blames-hamas-for-lack-of-peace/ Record at a glance: Mayor Pete Buttigieg supports two-state solution, blames Hamas for lack of peace], Jewish News Syndicate (April 15, 2019).</ref> opposes [[Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank|proposals for Israel to annex]] the [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli-occupied]] [[West Bank]],<ref name=Nahmias/> and disapproves of Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'s comments in support of [[Israeli law in the West Bank settlements|applying Israeli law]] in Jewish settlements in the West Bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/|title=Democratic presidential candidate pans PM's 'harmful' comments on settlements|website=Times of Israel|date=April 7, 2019|access-date=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409120427/https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/|archive-date=April 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>',
198 => '',
199 => 'Regarding the [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis]], Buttigieg told ''[[HuffPost]]'' that as a supporter of free and fair elections, he is amenable to potential sanctions but not a military intervention.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/venezuela-juan-guaido-donald-trump-2020-democrats_n_5c520bd0e4b04f8645c745f4 |title=Where Democratic Presidential Contenders Stand On The Venezuelan Crisis |last=Marans |first=Daniel|last2=Robins-Early |first2=Nick|last3=Waldron |first3=Travis |date=January 31, 2019 |website=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=May 27, 2019}}</ref> On June 11, 2019, Buttigieg said: "We will remain open to working with a regime like the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the benefit of the American people. But we can no longer sell out our deepest values for the sake of fossil fuel access and lucrative business deals."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Democratic candidates on foreign policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020-election/ |work=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> Buttigieg supports ending U.S. support for Saudi Arabia in [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Where 2020 Democrats stand on foreign policy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/foreign-policy/ |work=The Washington Post |date=November 21, 2019}}</ref>',
200 => '',
201 => 'Buttigieg has condemned [[China]] for its [[Xinjiang re-education camps|mass detention of ethnic Uyghurs]] in [[Xinjiang]], calling it a "a shocking, merciless campaign to erase the religious and ethnic identity of millions" that the U.S. should stand against.<ref>{{cite news |title=China Bashes NYT's Xinjiang Story as Warren, Buttigieg Criticize |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-18/china-bashes-nyt-s-xinjiang-story-as-warren-buttigieg-criticize |work=Bloomberg |date=November 18, 2019}}</ref> He criticized Trump's decision to [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|withdraw U.S. troops from Syria]], which critics say gave [[Turkey]] the green light to launch its [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|military offensive]] against Syrian Kurds.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Pete Decries Trump's Decision to Withdraw Troops from Northern Syria |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/10/mayor-pete-decries-trumps-decision-to-withdraw-troops-from-northern-syria/ |work=Mother Jones |date=October 13, 2019}}</ref>',
202 => '',
203 => 'In 2019, Buttigieg said he was "troubled" by President Obama's 2017 decision to commute the sentence of [[Chelsea Manning]], who was convicted of disclosing classified documents to [[WikiLeaks]]. He also gave a mixed evaluation of [[Edward Snowden]]'s disclosure of classified information, saying, "we've learned things about abuses and that one way or another that needed to come out", but that "the way for that to come out is through Congressional oversight, not through a breach of classified information".<ref name=Dorsey>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/|title=2020 candidate Pete Buttigieg "troubled" by clemency for Chelsea Manning|first=Steve|last=Dorsey|publisher=CBS News|date=March 11, 2019|accessdate=March 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153527/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>',
204 => '',
205 => '=== Health care ===',
206 => 'Buttigieg opposed Republican [[Efforts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act|efforts]] to repeal the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]].<ref name=swoon/>',
207 => '',
208 => 'In 2018, Buttigieg said he favored [[United States National Health Care Act|Medicare for All]].<ref>Daniel Strauss, [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/buttigieg-tweet-medicare-for-all-048745 Buttigieg backed 'Medicare for All' in 2018 tweet], ''Politico'' (October 16, 2019).</ref> During his presidential campaign, Buttigieg has promoted "Medicare for All Who Want It" (a [[public option]] for health insurance).<ref>Abby Goodnough, [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/health/public-option-medicare-for-all.html 'Public Option' Draws Voters Unsure About 'Medicare for All'], ''New York Times'' (November 24, 2019).</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/2019/11/08/774716877/just-the-right-policy-pete-buttigieg-on-his-medicare-for-all-who-want-it-plan 'Just The Right Policy': Pete Buttigieg On His 'Medicare For All Who Want It' Plan], NPR, ''Morning Edition'' (November 8, 2019).</ref><ref name=JuneDebateTran>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/06/28/transcript-night-first-democratic-debate/ Transcript: Night 2 of the first Democratic debate] (June 28, 2019).</ref> He has spoken favorably of Maryland's [[all-payer rate setting]].<ref name=CSPAN/> Buttigieg has described "Medicare for All Who Want It" as inclusive, more efficient than the current system, and a possible precursor or "glide path" to [[single-payer health insurance]].<ref name=CSPAN>{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee|title=Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg Launches 2020 Exploratory Committee|date=January 23, 2019|publisher=C-SPAN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081238/https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1%2Findiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=JuneDebateTran/> He also favors a partial expansion of Medicare that would allow Americans ages 50 to 64 to buy into Medicare, and supports proposed legislation (the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act), that would "create a fund to guarantee up to 12 weeks of partial income for workers to care for newborn children or family members with serious illnesses."<ref name=WaPoHealthCare>Kevin Uhrmacher, Kevin Schaul, Paulina Firozi and Jeff Stein, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/medicare-for-all/ Where 2020 Democrats stand on Health Care], ''Washington Post'' (last updated December 11, 2019).</ref>',
209 => '',
210 => 'In August 2019, Buttigieg released a $300 billion plan to expand mental health care services and fight addiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/23/pete-buttigieg-mental-health-addiction-1472516|title=How Pete Buttigieg would tackle the mental health and addiction crisis|last=Ehley|first=Brianna|website=[[Politico]]|language=en|access-date=August 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>',
211 => '',
212 => '=== Immigration ===',
213 => 'Buttigieg supports [[Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals]] (DACA) and has drawn attention to the Trump administration's aggressive deportation policies. He defended a resident of [[Granger, Indiana]], who was deported after living in the U.S. for 17 years despite regularly checking in with ICE and applying for a green card.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8|title=Why These Trump Voters Are Sticking Up For An Undocumented Neighbor|last=Buttigieg|first=Pete|date=March 21, 2017|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en-US|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317050924/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8|archive-date=March 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>',
214 => '',
215 => 'Buttigieg has said Trump has been reckless in sending American troops to the southern border and that it is a measure of last resort.<ref>{{Citation|last=CBS News|title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg on the experience he'd bring to the 2020 presidential campaign|date=January 31, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401040137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc|archive-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>',
216 => '',
217 => '=== Infrastructure ===',
218 => '',
219 => 'If elected, Buttigieg has pledged about $1 trillion for various infrastructure projects, over the next 10 years. He estimates this funding would create at least 6,000,000 jobs. Many of the planned projects have environmental goals such as reliance on green energy. Other goals include protecting tap water from lead, fixing roads and bridges, improving public transportation, repairing schools, guaranteeing broadband internet access, and preparing communities for floods and other natural disasters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forconstructionpros.com/asphalt/news/21109945/presidential-candidate-buttigieg-promises-to-pass-infrastructure-legislation-if-elected|title=Presidential Candidate Buttigieg Promises to Pass Infrastructure Legislation if Elected|website=For Construction Pros}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/01/14/environmental-impacts-buttigiegs-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan/4430332002/|title=The environmental impacts of Buttigieg's $1 trillion infrastructure plan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resources.peteforamerica.com/documents/Palm-Cards-Printable_Infrastructure.pdf|title=Campaign Infrastructure fact sheet}}</ref>',
220 => '',
221 => '=== Judicial issues ===',
222 => 'Buttigieg has expressed support for [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] structural reform, emphasizing depoliticization and suggesting the court be expanded to 15 members, five of whom would be selected only by unanimous consensus of the other ten.<ref name="auto"/>',
223 => '',
224 => '===Donald Trump===',
225 => 'Buttigieg supported the [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump]], saying, "He's made it clear that he deserves to be impeached."<ref name=Deadline>[https://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/mayor-pete-buttigieg-he-s-made-it-clear-that-he-deserves-to-be-impeached-69697093733 Mayor Pete Buttigieg: 'He’s made it clear that he deserves to be impeached'], MSNBC, ''Deadline White House'' (Sept. 23, 2019).</ref> But he has also said there would be "a lot of benefit" if Trump were defeated in 2020 instead of being removed from office via the impeachment process,<ref>James Pindell, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/31/buttigieg-says-there-would-lot-benefit-trump-were-defeated-instead-removed-from-office/ktUrja3zexlNLxBPOP2tbM/story.html Buttigieg says there would be 'a lot of benefit' if Trump were instead of removed from office], ''Boston Globe'' (October 31, 2019).</ref> and that the only true resolution would be to defeat Trump, along with his Republican "enablers" in Congress, in his bid for reelection.<ref name=Deadline/>',
226 => '',
227 => '=== Racial equality ===',
228 => '<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Pete Buttigieg NAACP 110th National Convention.jpg|thumb|Buttigieg at the [[NAACP]] 110th National Convention, discussing his Douglass Plan|alt=|215x215px|right]] -->',
229 => 'In May 2019, Buttigieg warned that President [[Donald Trump]] and his administration were using white identity politics, which he identified as the most divisive form of [[identity politics]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Maureen|last=Groppe|title=Pete Buttigieg says Donald Trump's white 'identity politics' contributing to a 'crisis of belonging'|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/05/12/pete-buttigieg-says-donald-trump-divides-white-identity-politics/1151265001/|newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pete Buttigieg warns Democrats about lure of identity politics|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/12/pete-buttigieg-human-rights-campaign-trump|newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, he shared his "Douglass Plan", named after [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] [[Frederick Douglass]], to address systemic racism in America.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/ede3a14f794e423388eef7162def7358|title=2020 hopeful Buttigieg pitches plan to fight systemic racism|last=Burnett|first=Sara|date=July 2, 2019|agency=Associated Press|access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg compared the plan's scope to that of the U.S.'s [[Marshall Plan]], which invested funds in war-torn Europe after [[World War II]], and said it would address "opportunity for minority businesses, strengthening voting rights, and reforming the criminal justice system". The initiative would allocate $10 billion to [[African-American entrepreneurship]] over five years, grant $25 billion to [[historically black colleges]], legalize marijuana, expunge drug convictions, halve the federal prison population, and propose a federal New Voting Rights Act designed to increase voting access.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/740279980/buttigieg-proposes-broad-plan-to-counter-racial-inequality|title=Buttigieg Proposes Broad Plan To Counter Racial Inequality|website=NPR.org}}</ref><ref name=":2" />',
230 => '',
231 => '=== Social issues ===',
232 => '[[File:Pete buttigieg supporters pride parade boston 2019.jpg|thumb|right|Pete Buttigieg supporters marching in the 2019 Boston [[Pride parade|Pride Parade]]|alt=|215x215px|left]]',
233 => 'Buttigieg favors amending civil rights legislation with the [[Equality Act (United States)|Federal Equality Act]] so that LGBT Americans receive federal non-discrimination protections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/|title=Pete Buttigieg makes pitch to LGBT voters in bid to become first out gay president|date=February 5, 2019|website=Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights|language=en-US|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081135/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/|archive-date=March 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He opposes the ban on transgender military participation enacted under Trump.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban|title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg weighs in on transgender military ban|website=ABC57|language=en|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043108/https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Dorsey />',
234 => '',
235 => 'Buttigieg supports expanding opportunities for [[National service in the United States|national service]], and has expressed support for a "social norm" of a voluntary year of national service for those turning 18 years old.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Buttigieg: We need generational change in politics |url=https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622 |website=Morning Joe |publisher=MSNBC |accessdate=March 31, 2019 |date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321013356/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622 |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea|title=Mandatory national service is a terrible idea|last=Kristian|first=Bonnie|date=April 19, 2019|website=[[The Week]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427085103/https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea|archive-date=April 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=April 27, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019 Buttigieg announced a plan to increase participation in [[National service in the United States|national service organizations]] like [[AmeriCorps]] and the [[Peace Corps]], as well as creating new ones dedicated to "fighting [[climate change]], treating mental health and addiction, and providing caregiving for older people".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.towleroad.com/2019/07/pete-buttigieg-public-service/ |title=Pete Buttigieg Unveils Plan That Would Quickly Triple Participation in U.S. Public Service Programs|date=July 3, 2019 |website=Towleroad Gay News |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> The initiative prioritizes volunteering in predominantly minority communities and rural areas by tripling programs to 250,000 people at first, then expanding to one million by 2026.<ref name=":1" />',
236 => '',
237 => 'Buttigieg opposes free college tuition because he believes it unfairly subsidizes higher-income families at the expense of lower-income people who do not attend college. This position distinguishes him from other progressives who support free college tuition for all.<ref name=Berman-190405>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-argues-against-free-college-this-is-why-progressives-cant-agree-about-subsidizing-tuition/?noredirect=on | title=Pete Buttigieg argues against free college. This is why progressives can't agree about subsidizing tuition. | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=April 5, 2019 | accessdate=April 5, 2019 | first=Elizabeth | last=Berman}}</ref> Buttigieg supports initiatives to make college more affordable.<ref name=Kreighbaum-190405>{{cite news |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college | title=Buttigieg Rejects Free College | work=[[Inside Higher Ed]] | date=April 5, 2019 | accessdate=April 5, 2019 | first=Andrew | last=Kreighbaum | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405205122/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college | archive-date=April 5, 2019 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>',
238 => '',
239 => '=== Statehood ===',
240 => 'Buttigieg supports [[Statehood movement in the District of Columbia|statehood for the District of Columbia]], and said that he would support [[Statehood movement in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico statehood]] if desired by the [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican people]].<ref name="auto"/>',
241 => '',
242 => '== Personal life ==',
243 => '[[File:StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]], which Buttigieg attends]]',
244 => 'Buttigieg is a Christian,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/pete-buttigieg-democrat-2020-presidential-election |title=Pete Buttigieg for president? Long-shot stands out in crowded field. |last=Gambino |first=Lauren |date=March 23, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=March 30, 2019 |quote=Like many of his rivals, he offers a stark contrast to the President in style and substance. Buttigieg is the son of a Maltese immigrant; a U.S. Navy veteran who took leave from his civic day job to serve in Afghanistan; a Harvard-educated Rhodes scholar; a devout Christian and a polyglot and bibliophile who learned Norwegian to read books by an author in Norway whose work had not yet been translated to English.}}</ref><ref name="cnn_2019-04-02">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/02/opinions/buttigieg-and-religion-qa-beck/index.html |title=Pete Buttigieg on faith, his marriage, and Mike Pence |last=Beck |first=Father Edward |website=CNN |date=April 2, 2019 |access-date=April 4, 2019}}</ref> and he has said his faith has had a strong influence in his life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/religion/2019/03/29/evangelicals-helped-get-trump-into-white-house-pete-buttigieg-believes-religious-left-will-get-him-out/ |title=Evangelicals helped get Trump into the White House. Pete Buttigieg believes the religious left will get him out. |last=Bailey |first=Sarah |date=March 29, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 30, 2019}}</ref><ref name="FrankBruni" /> His parents baptized him in a Catholic church as an infant and he attended Catholic schools.<ref name="cnn_2019-04-02" /> While at the [[University of Oxford]], Buttigieg began to attend [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford|Christ Church Cathedral]] and said he felt "more-or-less Anglican" by the time he returned to South Bend.<ref name="cnn_2019-04-02" /> [[Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine]], [[James Martin (priest, born 1960)|James Martin]], and [[Garry Wills]] are among his religious influences.<ref name=":02" /> A member of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]], Buttigieg is a congregant at the [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]] in downtown South Bend.<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine |last=Wren |first=Adam |date=December 16, 2018 |title=Pete Buttigieg has his eye on the prize |url=https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature |magazine=Indianapolis Monthly |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref>',
245 => '',
246 => 'Buttigieg taught himself to speak a little bit of [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-coming-of-age-tale-that-inspired-mayor-pete-to-learn-norwegian|title=The Coming-of-Age Tale That Inspired Mayor Pete to Learn Norwegian|last=Waldman|first=Katy|date=May 2, 2019|access-date=October 24, 2019|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}</ref> and has some knowledge of [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Arabic]], [[Dari language|Dari Persian]], and [[French language|French]] in addition to his native [[English language|English]],<ref name = WallaceWells>{{cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/pete-buttigiegs-quiet-rebellion |title=Pete Buttigieg's quiet rebellion |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |date=February 9, 2019 |first=Benjamin |last=Wallace-Wells |work=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newsweek.com/mayor-pete-buttigieg-2020-millennial-president-1332008 |title=Pete Buttigieg 2020: Meet the South Bend mayor looking to become America's first millennial president |magazine=Newsweek |date=March 10, 2019 |first=Jason |last=Lemin |accessdate=March 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/29/pete-buttigieg-surges-commentators-declare-obscure-midwestern/ |title=Pete Buttigieg surges as commentators declare obscure midwestern Democrat 'hottest candidate' |last=Allen |first=Nick |date=March 29, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=London, U.K. |access-date=April 8, 2019 |last2=Millward |first2=David |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> though his level of fluency in those languages is unclear. His campaign has not commented on his language abilities, but he has been recorded speaking foreign languages on various occasions, including interviews on [[Univision]] on May 8, 2019 and [[Telemundo]] on May 20, 2019.<ref>{{Cite media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVYRGDUSPZU |title=Pete Buttigieg, precandidato demócrata a la presidencia, visita Noticias Telemundo |work=[[Telemundo]] |date=May 20, 2019 |via=YouTube |medium=video}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/04/pete-buttigiegs-polygot-magic/588169/ |title=Pete Buttigieg's language magic is textbook polyglot mythmaking |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=May 6, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Erard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/magazine/pete-buttigieg-smart-harvard-rhodes-scholar-norwegian-language.html |title=How Pete Buttigieg's meaningless erudition made him the 'smart' candidate |last=King |first=Jay Caspian |date=April 24, 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg plays guitar and piano,<ref>{{cite news |last=Seiger |first=Theresa |date=April 18, 2019 |title=Who is Pete Buttigieg? Democratic mayor joins 2020 presidential race |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/national/who-pete-buttigieg-democratic-mayor-joins-2020-presidential-race/hcIXqE9Dawq3TGSRn7IK5K |newspaper=Dayton Daily News |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harrell |first=Jeff |date=November 12, 2011 |title=Election victors chill with guitars: Too many well-wishers force Buttigieg to miss his performance |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043005/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and in 2013 performed with the South Bend Symphony Orchestra as a guest piano soloist with [[Ben Folds]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=Andrew S. |date=February 18, 2013 |title=Mayor, IUSB singers earn their ovations |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043140/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg |archive-date=April 27, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Franklin |first=Robert |date=December 23, 2013 |title=South Bend Symphony Orchestra concert features Mayor Pete Buttigieg at the Morris Performing Arts Center |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/south-bend-symphony-orchestra-concert-feat-mayor-pete-buttigieg-at/image_b3aa8758-6c0c-11e3-933b-0019bb30f31a.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=April 26, 2019}}</ref> Buttigieg was a 2014 [[Aspen Institute]] Rodel Fellow.<ref name="City2016">{{cite press release |title=Buttigieg establishes City Diversity and Inclusion Initiative |url=https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion |website=SouthBendIn.gov |publisher=The City of South Bend, Indiana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130072843/https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion |archive-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref> He was a recipient of the John F. Kennedy New Frontier Fenn Award in 2015.<ref>{{cite press release |title=November 13, 2015 – 2015 New Frontier Award Release |url=http://iop.harvard.edu/about/newsletter-press-release/november-13-2015-%E2%80%93-2015-new-frontier-award-release |publisher=Harvard Institute of Politics |date=October 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 18, 2017}}</ref>',
247 => '',
248 => 'In a June 2015 piece in the ''[[South Bend Tribune]]'', Buttigieg [[coming out|came out]] as gay.<ref name=2015gay /> By coming out, Buttigieg became Indiana's first openly gay elected executive.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howey |first1=Brian A. |title=Buttigieg crosses threshold |journal=Howey Politics Indiana |date=June 18, 2015 |volume=20 |issue=38 |url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150618.pdf |accessdate=September 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=Pete Buttigieg's announcement creates a buzz |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-s-announcement-creates-a-buzz/article_57a803f7-3aeb-50d2-9904-b69039a07ade.html |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |accessdate=September 17, 2019 |date=June 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name=blaskotns>{{cite web |last1=Blasko |first1=Erin |title=South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Announces He's Gay |url=https://www.governing.com/topics/politics/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-is-gay.html |work=[[Governing (magazine)|Governing]] |agency=[[Tribune Content Agency|Tribune News Service]] |accessdate=September 22, 2019 |date=June 17, 2015}}</ref> He was the first elected official in Indiana to come out while in office,<ref name="pickfight"/> and the highest elected official in Indiana to come out.<ref name=blaskotns/> Buttigieg is also the first openly gay Democratic presidential candidate, and the second overall, after Republican [[Fred Karger]], who ran in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pete Buttigieg is not the first openly gay, major party presidential candidate. This guy was. |first=Ryan |last=Brooks |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryancbrooks/fred-karger-mayor-pete-buttigieg-gay-2020 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |accessdate=April 2, 2019 |date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>',
249 => '',
250 => 'In December 2017, Buttigieg announced his engagement to Chasten Glezman, a junior-high-school teacher.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tma-el.org/about-us/faculty-and-staff.cfm?catid=4 |title=Faculty and Staff |website=Tma-el.org |access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref> They had been dating since August 2015 after meeting on the dating app [[Hinge (app)|Hinge]].<ref name="Trebay-180618">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/fashion/weddings/mayor-peter-buttigieg-wedding-democratic-party.html|title=Pete Buttigieg might be President someday. He's already got the First Man.|last=Trebay|first=Guy|date=June 18, 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 1, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.md/v3dC6|archive-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wndu.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-announces-engagement-467023153.html |title=South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg announces engagement |website=[[WNDU-TV]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=March 21, 2019}}</ref> They were married on June 16, 2018, in a private ceremony at the [[Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)|Cathedral of St. James]] in South Bend.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-pete-buttigieg-marries-partner-chasten-glezman-in-downtown-south/article_b9bb722b-bbb0-5b55-a73d-e014ac7e4bf1.html |title=Mayor Pete Buttigieg marries partner Chasten Glezman in downtown South Bend |first=Mary |last=Shown |newspaper=[[South Bend Tribune]] |access-date=August 21, 2018 |date=June 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="cnn_2019-04-02"/> Chasten uses his husband's surname, Buttigieg.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mack |first1=Justin |title=Chasten Buttigieg: What we know about Mayor Pete's husband |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/09/chasten-buttigieg-what-we-know-pete-buttigiegs-husband/3398186002/ |accessdate=April 16, 2019 |work=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=April 9, 2019}}</ref>',
251 => '',
252 => 'In June 2019, to mark the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019|50th anniversary]] of the [[Stonewall riots]], a watershed moment in the [[LGBT rights movement|LGBTQ rights movement]], ''[[Queerty]]'' named him one of its "Pride50" people identified as "trailblazing individuals who actively ensure society remains moving towards [[LGBT equality|equality]], acceptance and dignity for all [[queer]] people".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50|title=Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees|website=[[Queerty]]|language=en-US|access-date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>',
253 => '',
254 => '== Book ==',
255 => '* {{cite book|title=Shortest Way Home: One Mayor's Challenge and a Model for America's Future|last=|first=|location=New York|pages=|publisher=Liveright|date=2019|isbn=9781631494376|title-link=Shortest Way Home (book)}}',
256 => '',
257 => '==Electoral history==',
258 => '{{Election box begin no change',
259 => '| title = [[2010 Indiana State Treasurer election|Indiana State Treasurer election, 2010]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Indiana Election Results |url=https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>',
260 => '}}',
261 => '{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change',
262 => '| candidate = [[Richard Mourdock]] (incumbent)',
263 => '| party = Republican Party (United States)',
264 => '| votes = 1,053,527',
265 => '| percentage = 62.46%',
266 => '}}',
267 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
268 => '| candidate = Pete Buttigieg',
269 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
270 => '| votes = 633,243',
271 => '| percentage = 37.54%',
272 => '}}',
273 => '{{Election box total no change',
274 => '| votes = 1,686,770',
275 => '| percentage = ',
276 => '}}',
277 => '{{Election box end}}',
278 => '',
279 => '{{Election box begin no change',
280 => '| title = [[2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|South Bend mayoral election, 2011]] Democratic primary<ref name="sos2011"/>',
281 => '}}',
282 => '{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change',
283 => '| candidate = Pete Buttigieg ',
284 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
285 => '| votes = 7,663',
286 => '| percentage = 54.90%',
287 => '}}',
288 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
289 => '| candidate = Michael J. Hamann ',
290 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
291 => '| votes = 2,798',
292 => '| percentage = 20.05%',
293 => '}}',
294 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
295 => '| candidate = [[Ryan Dvorak]]',
296 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
297 => '| votes = 2,041',
298 => '| percentage = 14.62%',
299 => '}}',
300 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
301 => '| candidate = Barrett Berry',
302 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
303 => '| votes = 1,424',
304 => '| percentage = 10.20%',
305 => '}}',
306 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
307 => '| candidate = Felipe N. Merino',
308 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
309 => '| votes = 32',
310 => '| percentage = 0.23%',
311 => '}}',
312 => '{{Election box total no change',
313 => '| votes = 13,958',
314 => '| percentage = ',
315 => '}}',
316 => '{{Election box end}}',
317 => '',
318 => '{{Election box begin no change',
319 => '| title = South Bend mayoral election, 2011<ref name="sos2011">{{cite web |title=Historical Election Results |url=https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2011 |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>',
320 => '}}',
321 => '{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change',
322 => '| candidate = Pete Buttigieg',
323 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
324 => '| votes = 10,991',
325 => '| percentage = 73.85%',
326 => '}}',
327 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
328 => '| candidate = Norris W. Curry Jr.',
329 => '| party = Republican Party (United States)',
330 => '| votes = 2,884',
331 => '| percentage = 19.38%',
332 => '}}',
333 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
334 => '| candidate = Patrick M. Farrell',
335 => '| party = Libertarian Party (United States)',
336 => '| votes = 1,008',
337 => '| percentage = 6.77%',
338 => '}}',
339 => '{{Election box total no change',
340 => '| votes = 14,883',
341 => '| percentage = ',
342 => '}}',
343 => '{{Election box end}}',
344 => '',
345 => '{{Election box begin no change',
346 => '| title = [[2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election|South Bend mayoral election, 2015]] Democratic primary<ref name="sos2015"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bell |first1=Kyle W. |title=What Does Electoral Victory Look Like? Visualizing Buttigieg's Win |url=https://southbendvoice.com/2015/05/07/what-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win/ |website=South Bend Voice |accessdate=September 15, 2019 |date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>',
347 => '}}',
348 => '{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change',
349 => '| candidate = Pete Buttigieg (incumbent)',
350 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
351 => '| votes = 8,369',
352 => '| percentage = 77.68%',
353 => '}}',
354 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
355 => '| candidate = Henry L. Davis, Jr.',
356 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
357 => '| votes = 2,405',
358 => '| percentage = 22.32%',
359 => '}}',
360 => '{{Election box total no change',
361 => '| votes = 10,774',
362 => '| percentage = ',
363 => '}}',
364 => '{{Election box end}}',
365 => '',
366 => '{{Election box begin no change',
367 => '| title = South Bend mayoral election, 2015<ref name="sos2015">{{cite web |title=Historical Election Results |url=https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2015 |website=Indiana.gov Voter Portal |accessdate=September 15, 2019}}</ref>',
368 => '}}',
369 => '{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change',
370 => '| candidate = Pete Buttigieg (incumbent)',
371 => '| party = Democratic Party (United States)',
372 => '| votes = 8,515',
373 => '| percentage = 80.41%',
374 => '}}',
375 => '{{Election box candidate with party link no change',
376 => '| candidate = Kelly S. Jones',
377 => '| party = Republican Party (United States)',
378 => '| votes = 2,074',
379 => '| percentage = 19.59%',
380 => '}}',
381 => '{{Election box total no change',
382 => '| votes = 10,589',
383 => '| percentage = ',
384 => '}}',
385 => '{{Election box end}}',
386 => '',
387 => '==See also==',
388 => '*[[Buttigieg]], Maltese surname',
389 => '',
390 => '==Notes==',
391 => '{{notelist}}',
392 => '',
393 => '==References==',
394 => '{{reflist}}',
395 => '',
396 => '== External links ==',
397 => '{{Commons category}}',
398 => '{{Wikiquote}}',
399 => '* {{URL|peteforamerica.com|Presidential campaign website}}',
400 => '* {{URL|meetpete.org|Buttigieg on the issues}}',
401 => '* {{URL|southbendin.gov/official/mayor-pete-buttigieg|Mayor of South Bend website}}',
402 => '* {{C-SPAN|Pete Buttigieg}}',
403 => '* {{IMDb name}}',
404 => '* {{URL|votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg|Profile}} at [[Vote Smart]]',
405 => '',
406 => '{{s-start}}',
407 => '{{s-ppo}}',
408 => '{{s-bef | before = Michael W. Griffith}}',
409 => '{{s-ttl | title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Indiana State Treasurer]] | years = [[2010 Indiana elections|2010]]}}',
410 => '{{s-aft | after = [[Mike Boland (politician)|Mike Boland]]}}',
411 => '{{s-break}}',
412 => '{{s-bef | before = [[Steve Luecke]]}}',
413 => '{{s-ttl | title = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of]] [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] | years = 2011, 2015}}',
414 => '{{s-aft | after = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]}}',
415 => '{{s-off}}',
416 => '{{s-bef | before = [[Steve Luecke]]}}',
417 => '{{s-ttl | title = [[List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana|Mayor of]] [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] | years = January 1, 2012 – January 1, 2020}}',
418 => '{{s-aft | after = [[James Mueller (mayor)|James Mueller]]}}',
419 => '{{s-end}}',
420 => '',
421 => '{{United States presidential election, 2020}}',
422 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Buttigieg, Pete}}',
423 => '[[Category:Pete Buttigieg| ]]',
424 => '[[Category:1982 births]]',
425 => '[[Category:21st-century American Episcopalians]]',
426 => '[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]',
427 => '[[Category:21st-century American naval officers]]',
428 => '[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]',
429 => '[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]',
430 => '[[Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford]]',
431 => '[[Category:American LGBT military personnel]]',
432 => '[[Category:American Rhodes Scholars]]',
433 => '[[Category:American memoirists]]',
434 => '[[Category:American naval personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]',
435 => '[[Category:American people of Maltese descent]]',
436 => '[[Category:Candidates in the 2010 United States elections]]',
437 => '[[Category:Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election]]',
438 => '[[Category:Converts to Anglicanism from Roman Catholicism]]',
439 => '[[Category:Former Roman Catholics]]',
440 => '[[Category:Gay military personnel]]',
441 => '[[Category:Gay politicians]]',
442 => '[[Category:Gay writers]]',
443 => '[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]',
444 => '[[Category:Indiana Democrats]]',
445 => '[[Category:LGBT Anglicans]]',
446 => '[[Category:LGBT mayors of places in the United States]]',
447 => '[[Category:LGBT memoirists]]',
448 => '[[Category:LGBT people from Indiana]]',
449 => '[[Category:Living people]]',
450 => '[[Category:Mayors of South Bend, Indiana]]',
451 => '[[Category:McKinsey & Company people]]',
452 => '[[Category:Military personnel from Indiana]]',
453 => '[[Category:Progressivism in the United States]]',
454 => '[[Category:United States Navy reservists]]',
455 => '[[Category:Writers from South Bend, Indiana]]'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}',
1 => '{{for2|the Italian comic book character|[[Rat-Man (comics)|Rat-Man]]|the Stephen King character|[[The Stand]]}}',
2 => '"'''Rat Man'''" was the nickname given by [[Sigmund Freud]] to a patient whose "case history" was published as ''Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose'' ['Notes Upon A Case of Obsessional Neurosis'] (1909). This was the second of six case histories that Freud published, and the first in which he claimed that the patient had been cured by [[psychoanalysis]].',
3 => 'The nickname derives from the fact that among the patient's many compulsions was an [[Fixation (psychology)|obsession]] with nightmarish fantasies about rats.<ref>Sigmund Freud, ''Case Histories II'' (PFL 9) p. 93</ref>',
4 => 'To protect the anonymity of patients, psychoanalytic case-studies would usually withhold or disguise the names of the individuals concerned ("[[Anna O.]]"; "[[Little Hans]]"; "[[Sergei Pankejeff|Wolf Man]]", "[[Dora (case study)|Dora]]", etc.).<ref>Katz, Maya Balakirsky (2011). "A Rabbi, A Priest, and a Psychoanalyst: Religion in the Early Psychoanalytic Case History". Contemporary Jewry 31 (1): 3–24. doi:10.1007/s12397-010-9059-y</ref> Recent researchers have decided that the "Rat Man" was in fact a clever lawyer named '''Ernst Lanzer'''<ref>{{cite news',
5 => '|author=Frederick J. Wertz',
6 => '|title=Freud's case of the Rat Man revisited: an existential-phenomenological and socio-historical analysis.',
7 => '|date=22 March 2003',
8 => '|work=[[Journal of Phenomenological Psychology]]',
9 => '}}</ref> (1878–1914)—though many other sources maintain that the man's name was '''Paul Lorenz'''.<ref>{{cite book',
10 => ' | last = Steele',
11 => ' | first = Robert S.',
12 => ' | title = Freud and Jung. Conflicts of Interpretation',
13 => ' | publisher = [[Law Book Co of Australasia]]',
14 => ' | year = 1982',
15 => ' | isbn = 0-7100-9067-6',
16 => ' | url-access = registration',
17 => ' | url = https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_b8g1',
18 => ' }}</ref>',
19 => '== History of the analysis ==',
20 => 'Lanzer first came to Freud in October 1907 complaining of obsessive fears and [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder|compulsive]] impulses. Freud treated his patient for a little over three months on a regular daily basis. The treatment was irregular for the next three months and sporadic, at best, after that.',
21 => 'Lanzer's principal fear was that something terrible was going to happen to his father and a female friend (who later became his wife). His fear had grown out of an account he heard from a fellow army officer concerning a Chinese torture method in which a large pot, containing a live rat, was strapped to the buttocks of the victim, and the rat encouraged by a red-hot poker to gnaw his way out through the victim's anus.',
22 => 'Lanzer claimed that he fantasized about murder and suicide, and developed a number of compulsive irrational behavior patterns. For example, he mentioned his habit of opening the door to his flat between 12 midnight and 1:00 A.M., apparently so that his father's ghost could enter. Lanzer would then stare at his penis, sometimes using a mirror.',
23 => 'Freud encouraged Lanzer to discuss details of his sex life (such as his first efforts at masturbation at age 20) and focused on a number of [[Free association (psychology)|verbal associations]] with the word 'Ratten' ('rats'). According to Freud's analysis, Lanzer unconsciously identified himself with rats: that is, Lanzer was unconsciously fantasizing that he – a rat and a biter – was having anal intercourse with his father and with his lady friend.',
24 => 'Lanzer was verbally clever and introduced Freud to [[Nietzsche]]'s phrase (which Freud would later cite) {{"'}}I did this,' says my Memory. 'I cannot have done this,' says my Pride, and remains inexorable. In the end – Memory yields".<ref>Quoted in L. Appignanesi/J, Forrester, ''Freud's Women'' (2004) p. 113</ref> Freud would retell the saying more than once, and it would be taken up by later therapists such as [[Fritz Perls]].<ref>F. Perls, ''Gestalt Therapy Verbatim'' (1972) p. 45</ref>',
25 => 'Lanzer broke off his analysis with Freud after a relatively brief period and well before his transference had been fully resolved. Just after Freud had completed the written version of the case history in October 1909, he confessed to [[Carl Jung|Jung]] that his patient was still having ongoing problems. Lanzer was killed in the first World War and therefore later researchers were unable to interview him.',
26 => '== Freud's write-up: 'Notes Upon A Case of Obsessional Neurosis' ==',
27 => 'Freud was led to publish the Rat Man case history because he was feeling pressured to show the world that psychoanalysis could achieve successful therapeutic results. Since the Rat Man had previously consulted [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg|Julius von Wagner-Jauregg]], Freud's eminent psychiatric colleague at the University of Vienna, the case was a particularly critical test of Freud's therapeutic abilities. Before October 1908, when he communicated this case history at the First International Psychoanalytic Congress in Salzburg, Freud had yet to publish the results of a successful psychoanalysis.',
28 => 'The case study was published in 1909 in Germany. Freud saw the Rat Man patient for some six months, despite later claiming the treatment lasted about a year.<ref>Mahony: ''Freud and the Rat Man'', page 69. Yale University Press, 1986</ref> He considered the treatment a success.',
29 => 'The patient presented with [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder|obsession]]al thoughts and with [[behavior]]s that he felt compelled to carry out,<ref>Freud, p. 39</ref> which had been precipitated by the loss/replacement of his [[pince-nez]], and the problem of paying for them, combined with the impact of a story he heard from a fellow officer about a [[rat torture|torture]] wherein rats would eat their way into the anal cavity of the victim.<ref>Elisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (2005) p. 214-5</ref> The patient then felt a compulsion to imagine that this fate was befalling two people dear to him, specifically his father and his fiancée. The irrational nature of this obsession is revealed by the fact that the man had the greatest regard for his fiancée and that his revered father had actually been dead for some years.<ref>Freud, p. 48</ref> Freud theorized that these obsessive ideas and similar thoughts were produced by conflicts consisting of the combination of loving and aggressive impulses relating to the people concerned – what [[Eugen Bleuler]] would later term [[ambivalence]].<ref>Freud, p. 119</ref>',
30 => 'The Rat Man also often defended himself against his own thoughts. He had had a secret thought that he wished his father would die so he could inherit all of his money, and become rich enough to marry, before shaming himself by fantasizing that his father would die and leave him nothing. The patient even goes so far as to fantasize about marrying Freud's daughter, believing (Freud writes) that "the only reason I was so kind and incredibly patient with him was that I wanted to have him for a son-in-law"<ref>Freud, p. 80</ref> – a matter linked in the [[transference]] to his conflicts between his mother's wish for him to marry rich like his father, and his fiancée's poverty.<ref>Roudinesco, p. 214-5</ref>',
31 => 'In addition, the symptoms were believed to keep the patient from needing to make difficult decisions in his current life, and to ward off the anxiety that would be involved in experiencing the angry and aggressive impulses directly. The patient's older sister and father had died, and these losses were considered, along with his suicidal thoughts and his tendency, to form part of the tissue of phantasies, verbal associations and symbolic meanings in which he was trapped.<ref>Freud, p. 88n</ref> Freud believed that they had their origin in the Rat Man's sexual experiences of infancy, in particular harsh punishment for childhood masturbation, and the vicissitudes of sexual curiosity.',
32 => 'In the theoretical second part of the case study, Freud elaborates on such [[defence mechanisms]] as [[Rationalization (psychology)|''rationalization'']], ''doubt'', [[Undoing (psychology)|undoing]] and ''[[displacement (psychology)|displacement]]''.<ref>Freud, 122-8</ref>',
33 => 'In a later footnote, Freud laments that although "the patient's mental health was restored to him by the analysis...like so many young men of value and promise, he perished in the [[World War I|Great War]]".<ref>Freud, p. 128</ref>',
34 => 'A number of significant discrepancies between the published case history and Freud's process notes, which were discovered among his papers after his death, have been pointed out by Patrick Mahony. According to Mahony, who is himself an analyst and sympathetic to the general goals of psychoanalysis, Freud's published case history is "muddled" and "inconsistent" on various matters of fact and also exhibits "glaring" omissions of information. In particular, there is an overemphasis on the father to the exclusion of the mother. As Mahony sums up, "Freud mixed momentous insights with exaggerated claims," some of which "were made in his zeal to protect and promote a new discipline."<ref>Mahony, Freud and the Rat Man, pp. 32, 34, 216.</ref>',
35 => '==Legacy==',
36 => '[[Jacques Lacan]] built his early [[Structuralism|structuralist]] theory around the Rat Man case, in particular the polarity of father-rich wife/son-poor wife as an intergenerational force creating the individual neurosis.<ref>Roudinesco, p. 213-6</ref>',
37 => 'Freud's late note upon the Rat Man's acute sense of smell would later be developed into his theory of the process of civilisation and organic repression.<ref>Angela Richards ed., ''Civilisation, Society and Religion'' (PFL 12) p. 247</ref>',
38 => '==Criticism of Freud==',
39 => 'The only known case in which Freud's notes survive is that of Ernst Lanzer, the ''Rat-Man'', where they exist for the first third of the treatment.<ref>Angela Richards, in Freud, p. 34</ref> Freud treated him for obsessions, particularly the dread that something terrible would happen to his father and his fiancée. His fear of rats, Freud concluded after elaborate interpretations, was based on disguised anal erotic fantasies.<ref>Peter Gay, ''Freud: A Life for our Time'' (1989) p. 266</ref> Mr. Stadlen tracked down relatives of Mr. Lanzer who said the account handed down by the family was that Freud had helped him overcome shyness so that he could marry.',
40 => '[[Peter Gay]] concluded in ''[[Freud: A Life for Our Time]]'' (1988) that "apart from a handful of interesting deviations, the case history Freud published generally followed the process notes he made every night".<ref>Gay, p. 262</ref> Patrick Mahony, a psychoanalyst and professor of English at the University of Montreal, has highlighted such discrepancies in his detailed study, ''Freud and the Rat Man,'' published in 1986 by the Yale University Press.',
41 => 'Dr. Mahony said Freud seems to have consistently implied that the case lasted longer than it actually did.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Patrick Mahoney, 'Rat Man']</ref> He also said Freud claimed in a lecture to be able to guess the name of the Rat Man's girlfriend, Gisela, from an anagram, ''Glejisamen'', which the patient had invented.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Mahoney]</ref> Actually, the notes show Freud had learned her name first, and then used it to deduce the meaning of the anagram,<ref>{{cite news',
42 => '|author=DANIEL GOLEMAN',
43 => '|title=As a Therapist, Freud Fell Short, Scholars Find',
44 => '|date=6 March 1990',
45 => '|work=[[New York Times]]',
46 => '|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DD133AF935A35750C0A966958260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=4',
47 => '|accessdate=8 August 2008',
48 => '}}</ref> although in the actual case-study Freud merely states that "when he told it to me, I could not help noticing that the word was in fact an anagram of the name of his lady".<ref>Freud, p. 105</ref>',
49 => 'Critics have also objected to Freud's downplaying of the role of the Rat Man's mother, and for several deviations on his part from what would later become standard psychoanalytic practice.<ref>Gay, p. 263 and p. 266-7</ref>',
50 => '===Efficacy of the treatment===',
51 => 'Mahoney accepted that Freud obtained a degree of success in restoring his patient to functional life, though he considered Freud exaggerated the extent of this in his case-study.<ref>[http://www.enotes.com/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man-reference/notes-upon-case-obsessional-neurosis-rat-man Mahoney]</ref> Others have suggested that by concentrating on building [[rapport]] with his patient, at the expense of analyzing the [[negative transference]], Freud merely achieved a temporary transference cure.<ref>Michael Thompson, ''The Truth about Freud's Technique'' (1995) p. 239</ref> Lacan for his part concluded that although he did not "regard the Rat Man as a case that Freud cured", in it "Freud made the fundamental discoveries, which we are still living off, concerning the dynamics and structure of obsessional neurosis".<ref>J. Lacan, ''Écrits: A Selection'' (1997) p. 237-8</ref>',
52 => 'In a letter Freud himself wrote to [[Jung]], shortly after publication of the case study, he claimed of the Rat Man that "he is facing life with courage and ability. The one point that still gives him trouble ([[Father complex|father-complex]] and transference) has shown up clearly in my conversations with this intelligent and grateful man"<ref>McGuire, W: ''The Freud/Jung Letters'', page 255. Princeton University Press, 1974.</ref> – a not insignificant reservation. But while Freud in the case-history had certainly claimed that "the patient's rat delirium had disappeared",<ref>Freud, p. 100</ref> he had also pointed out the limited time and depth of the analysis: "The patient recovered, and his ordinary life began to assert its claims...which were incompatible with a continuation of the treatment".<ref>Freud, p. 88n</ref>',
53 => 'As the average length of time expected of an analysis increased from months to years over the 20th century,<ref>Janet Malcolm, ''Psychoanalysis'' (1989) p. 151</ref> so too the success of the Rat Man's case has perhaps come to resemble rather the symptomatic relief of [[brief psychotherapy]] or [[Michael Balint#Focal psychotherapy|focal psychotherapy]], more than the achievement of a full psychoanalysis.<ref>Gay, p. 245</ref>',
54 => '== References ==',
55 => '{{Reflist|2|}}',
56 => '==Further reading==',
57 => 'Mark Kanzer/Jules Glenn, ''Freud and His Patients'' (1980)',
58 => '==External links==',
59 => '* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140317135252/http://www.jcfar.org/past_papers/A%20Short%20Account%20of%20Obsessional%20Neurosis%20-%20Hara%20Pepeli.pdf A Short Account of Obsessional Neurosis in Freud and Lacan Pt II]',
60 => '* [https://www.lacanonline.com/2013/09/reading-the-neurotics-individual-myth-lacans-masterwork-on-obsession/ Jacques Lacan's interpretation of the Rat Man case in his paper 'The Neurotic's Individual Myth' - article on LacanOnline.com]',
61 => '* [https://www.lacanonline.com/2014/06/video-jacques-lacan-on-obsession-and-the-rat-man-case/ Video explaining Jacques Lacan's analysis of the Rat Man case]',
62 => '{{Sigmund Freud}}',
63 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Rat Man}}',
64 => '[[Category:1878 births|Lanzer, Ernst]]',
65 => '[[Category:1914 deaths|Lanzer, Ernst]]',
66 => '[[Category:Case studies by Sigmund Freud]]',
67 => '[[Category:Analysands of Sigmund Freud]]'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [
0 => 'https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/06/phi-beta-kappa-elects-92-seniors-to-harvard-chapter/',
1 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg/index.html',
2 => 'https://www.thecut.com/2019/03/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg-name.html',
3 => 'https://indianaenr.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/archive/2016General/index.html',
4 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/meet-pete/',
5 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-why-coming-out-matters/article_4dce0d12-1415-11e5-83c0-739eebd623ee.html',
6 => 'https://www.axios.com/pete-buttigieg-2020-campaign-launch-south-bend-26377ac4-ff83-46d7-b1a4-e43fc1b61325.html',
7 => 'https://www.fastcompany.com/90334160/pete-buttigieg-debuts-a-radical-new-approach-to-campaign-branding',
8 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/pete-buttigieg.html',
9 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331',
10 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/iowa-caucus-delegates-winner.html',
11 => 'https://www.vox.com/2020/2/11/21133087/bernie-sanders-new-hampshire-democratic-primary-winner-2020',
12 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com.au/bernie-won-iowa-popular-vote-buttigieg-electoral-college-2020-2',
13 => 'https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2020/02/05/pete-buttigieg-first-openly-gay-candidate-earn-presidential-primary-delegates-nomination/4667796002/',
14 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/it-s-been-a-good-trip-father-of-mayor-pete/article_9ef0258f-2f61-5ca0-b42a-1b5c72d1000b.html',
15 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/01/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend.html',
16 => 'https://www.kaniewski.com/obituary/JosephA-Buttigieg',
17 => 'https://www.patheos.com/blogs/deaconsbench/2019/04/beck-interviews-buttigieg-about-his-faith-and-catholic-roots',
18 => 'https://archive.md/wip/sSuEX',
19 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/fashion/weddings/mayor-peter-buttigieg-wedding-democratic-party.html',
20 => 'https://archive.md/v3dC6',
21 => 'https://news.nd.edu/news/hesburgh-yusko-scholars-program-to-seek-new-director-to-replace-retiring-joseph-buttigieg/',
22 => 'https://archive.md/CSRj0',
23 => 'https://wikipeteia.com/Pete_Buttigieg',
24 => 'https://heavy.com/news/2019/04/jennifer-montgomery-pete-buttigieg-mother/',
25 => 'https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/2019/06/mayor-petes-cousins/',
26 => 'http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/elpaso/obits/2002/022302.txt',
27 => 'https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119184093/zoe-anne-montgomery',
28 => 'https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/119183510/john-willard-montgomery',
29 => 'https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/02/mayor-pete-who-2020-presidential-candidate-pete-buttigieg/3339673002/',
30 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190329053004/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government',
31 => 'http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2010-10-24/news/29156030_1_economic-development-businesses-state-government',
32 => 'https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/education/profile-in-courage-essay-contest/past-winning-essays/2000-winning-essay-by-peter-buttigieg',
33 => 'https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2019/04/02/pete-buttigieg-jfk-essay-contest-bernie-sanders',
34 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/pete-buttigieg-mayor-of-south-bend-for-president-2020-election-2019-1',
35 => 'https://iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf',
36 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20181028084521/http://www.iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/011512_Iop_NL.pdf',
37 => 'https://www.americanrhodes.org/assets/attachments/Scholars-Elect_2005_(TARS).pdf',
38 => 'https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Quiet_American_s_Errand_Into_the_Wil.html?id=8e1dNwAACAAJ',
39 => 'https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/12/rhodes-scholars-announced-2/',
40 => 'https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674261556',
41 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/pete-buttigiegs-quiet-rebellion',
42 => 'https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/mayor-pete-buttigieg-7-things-you-need-know',
43 => 'https://timesuniononline.com/Content/Default/News/Article/Buttigieg-Plans-State-Treasurer-Run/-3/224/46004',
44 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/12/03/784151111/pete-buttigieg-spent-his-younger-days-pushing-democrats-off-middle-ground',
45 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784225281/a-look-back-at-the-beginnings-of-pete-buttigiegs-political-ambitions',
46 => 'https://www.robertfeder.com/2019/04/15/nbc-5-mentor-renee-ferguson-boosts-pete-buttigieg-campaign/',
47 => 'http://tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city',
48 => 'https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/19/indiana-democrat-getting-buzz-dnc-race/97944656/',
49 => 'http://www.tribstar.com/news/x552036157/Candidate-for-state-office-brings-campaign-to-city',
50 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/30/pete-buttigieg-releases-years-tax-returns-jabs-trump-not-doing-same/',
51 => 'https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/peter-buttigieg',
52 => 'http://trumanproject.org/home/team-view/peter-buttigieg/',
53 => 'https://publicintegrity.org/federal-politics/pete-buttigieg-election-president-candidate/',
54 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mckinsey-clients.html',
55 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/under-pressure-buttigieg-releases-names-of-former-mckinsey-clients/2019/12/10/3862fb9a-1b9a-11ea-8d58-5ac3600967a1_story.html',
56 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/06/buttigieg-releases-mckinsey-timeline-077602',
57 => 'https://www.nwitimes.com/news/history/famous-hoosiers/jill-long-thompson/article_cbb78b0a-4f28-5865-83eb-6afe1f76a53b.html',
58 => 'https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg',
59 => 'https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-named-to-national-security-organizations-board-259842211.html',
60 => 'https://www.stripes.com/news/us/how-pete-buttigieg-went-from-being-a-war-protester-to-serving-in-the-navy-1.592353',
61 => 'https://www.scribd.com/document/408662295/Buttigieg-s-Military-Records',
62 => 'http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/navy-reserve-to-deploy-buttigieg-to-afghanistan/article_5ccb3a3a-1bd1-11e3-bec9-0019bb30f31a.html',
63 => 'https://www.navytimes.com/story/military/guard-reserve/2014/09/26/south-bend-mayor-back-from-afghanistan-deployment/16254055',
64 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/17/politics/buttigieg-military-service-2020/index.html',
65 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/peter-buttigieg/story?id=60731298',
66 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/buttigieg-leans-in-on-his-military-service-11558357127',
67 => 'https://indianavoters.in.gov/PublicContent/Historical/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf',
68 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/04/14/pete-buttigieg-faces-hurdles-2020-white-house-bid-heres-why/3440568002/',
69 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/03/10/the-most-interesting-mayor-youve-never-heard-of/',
70 => 'https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Pete_Buttigieg_becomes_second_youngest_mayor_in_South_Bend_133521918.html',
71 => 'http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/department/mayor-pete-buttigieg',
72 => 'https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI111020.pdf',
73 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/from-youngest-mayor-to-smart-streets-a-timeline-of-pete/article_74f5ca74-ddb4-5bc3-915f-a4773c7db8f8.html',
74 => 'http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/judge-s-ruling-on-police-wiretap-tapes-leaves-questions-unanswered/article_463c08a0-9c3e-11e4-abb2-47b9f9547b68.html',
75 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/07/02/737976138/buttigieg-tries-again-to-woo-black-voters-amid-race-controversy-in-his-hometown',
76 => 'https://m.cnn.com/en/article/h_674f0bdf6334d3bdeeba13a137add954',
77 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/438669-secret-tapes-linger-over-buttigiegs-meteoric-rise',
78 => 'http://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Largest-settlement-yet-on-SB-poilce-tapes-case--246962351.html',
79 => 'https://southbendvoice.com/2015/03/11/full-text-mayor-buttigiegs-state-of-the-city-address-2015/',
80 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/group-violence-intervention-is-working-for-south-bend',
81 => 'https://www.npr.org/2012/07/05/155916837/a-company-town-reinvents-itself-in-south-bend-ind',
82 => 'https://southbendvoice.com/2014/11/18/mayor-buttigieg-announces-re-election-bid/',
83 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-s-budget-calls-for-smart-streets/article_c2e13f62-0548-11e3-b024-0019bb30f31a.html',
84 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/green-light-for-downtown-south-bend-cascade-condominium-project',
85 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/multi-million-dollar-condominium-complex-breaks-ground-in-south-bend',
86 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Glass-house-condos-coming-to-South-Bend-river-front-477445253.html',
87 => 'https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/21/pete-buttigieg-democratic-presidential-hopeful-south-bend-indiana-turnaround-city/3165477002',
88 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/mothballed-no-more-south-bend-selling-city-owned-land-for/article_2fdd294a-c052-5d8d-bdbb-3ca596d5b68f.html',
89 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/keynews/localeconomy/curtis-products-celebrates-move/article_17e22930-8a74-11e3-a2db-0017a43b2370.html',
90 => 'https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Final-purchase-agreemet-approved-for-sale-of-SB-Backthorn-Golf-Course-288733121.html',
91 => 'https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/South-Bend-considers-selling-Blackthorn-Elbel-golf-courses--274671731.html',
92 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/officials-celebrate-lasalle-hotel-revamp/article_b304a3f2-6fcc-5904-a95f-b7b3d8ec95d7.html',
93 => 'https://southbendin.gov/department/',
94 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131112180402/http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative',
95 => 'http://www.ci.south-bend.in.us/government/content/vacant-abandoned-properties-initiative',
96 => 'http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-28/news/37337888_1_mayor-pete-buttigieg-properties-neighborhoods',
97 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170808075017/https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update',
98 => 'https://www.southbendin.gov/government/content/progress-update',
99 => 'https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/VA-Community-Update-Presentation.pdf',
100 => 'https://www.vox.com/2019/6/27/18759807/pete-buttigieg-town-hall-protesters-police-shooting-2020',
101 => 'https://southbendvoice.com/2014/09/24/mayor-buttigieg-reports-being-back-on-us-soil/',
102 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-reflects-on-afghanistan-and-return-to-south-bend/article_8f27067e-a123-525e-9bab-4d8c52e479ae.html',
103 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/politics/from-south-bend-to-afghanistan/article_376699a6-f9f2-11e3-b178-0017a43b2370.html',
104 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/former-south-bend-deputy-mayor-appointed-to-iedc-board/article_b4192f2a-a28b-11e5-b4b9-6727c95340be.html',
105 => 'https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/SB-mayor-business-owners-speak-out-against-religious-freedom-act-297838631.html',
106 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-winner-of-democratic-primary-for-south-bend-mayor-race',
107 => 'https://www.wndu.com/home/headlines/Buttigieg-vies-for-second-term-as-South-Bend-mayor-340002362.html',
108 => 'https://southbendin.gov/initiative/vacant-abandoned-properties/',
109 => 'https://sbheritage.org/spaces/homes/',
110 => 'https://southbendin.gov/south-bend-home-repair/',
111 => 'https://www.wvpe.org/post/home-repairs-strengthen-community-ties-south-bend',
112 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/smart-streets-bond-clears-key-hurdle/article_d0ba3d7a-1b4c-5b9a-bd66-09e780a3ecdb.html',
113 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/how-much-has-smart-streets-driven-downtown-south-bend-s/article_493dc5c2-cd5a-5c17-ac8c-254c5362504b.html',
114 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/mayor-smart-streets-will-mean-a-more-vibrant-downtown-south/article_edaa6a25-e336-597a-a396-feb481e9927e.html',
115 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/how-has-south-bend-changed-under-mayor-buttigiegs-leadership',
116 => 'https://www.ourdailyplanet.com/story/mayor-pete-buttigiegs-south-bend-sewer-fixes-made-cheaper-by-iot/',
117 => 'https://www.chicagobusiness.com/news/can-pete-buttigieg-replicate-his-success-south-bend-nationally',
118 => 'https://www.ibj.com/articles/65820-some-national-democrats-swoon-over-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg',
119 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-studebaker-plant-ready-for-massive-facelift/article_661dd3cb-c4ff-5969-9d69-cbf746e30316.html',
120 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-officials-highlight-home-repair-programs/article_f6cc225b-d89e-5bb0-9a17-7f6bff70255f.html',
121 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-drops-bid-to-sell-elbel-golf-course/article_53c90842-c6c2-11e5-986f-db91d0b2b612.html',
122 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/elbel-sale-possible-in-the-future',
123 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-elbel-park-is-a-drain-on-city-funds',
124 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/who-is-elbel-for-everyone/article_119bf6bb-f610-5681-ade2-3d9f17902176.html',
125 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/group-wants-parks-board-to-withdraw-support-for-elbel-golf/article_95116d81-344a-50f7-95cb-91b9344a443a.html',
126 => 'https://www.953mnc.com/2015/07/28/pete-buttigieg/',
127 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html',
128 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-rejects--story-high-rise-apartment-building/article_0014ba80-45cd-5670-a996-59cc508be26b.html',
129 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/why-did-south-bend-s-east-bank-high-rise-fail/article_b7ea2c34-9f92-5c56-88ef-3ef5d1ea9a5b.html',
130 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/building-height-limit-raised-to-make-way-for-high-rise-apartments-in-south-bend',
131 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/south-bend-developer-reach-compromise-on-high-rise-project/article_3e3880ba-d1cb-11e6-afd2-67d8a1beb12e.html',
132 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-supports-east-bank-high-rise-supermarket/article_9751606a-9d19-5d58-a0b8-27e1d72a47d8.html',
133 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-east-bank-high-rise-building/article_56f0d318-fd64-11e6-89a7-53b327f97d48.html',
134 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-backs-down-in-high-rise-standoff-with-developer/article_2061c4fe-66d4-51c1-9638-a5e7aacb6b1e.html',
135 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-s-push-for-downtown-south-shore-station/article_fc015328-a88a-5ae8-bca1-3e8932e81ac5.html',
136 => 'https://www.wthr.com/article/indiana-counties-back-funding-south-shore-rail-project',
137 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/engineering-study-approved-for-proposed-south-shore-line-station-in/article_e0936478-c4ce-58ca-bc83-0e3a7bee6aa0.html',
138 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/mayor-buttigieg-proposes-2018-budget-for-south-bend',
139 => 'https://www.953mnc.com/2017/08/17/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-presents-2018-budget-plan/',
140 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/st-joseph-county-plans-to-study-options-for-south-shore/article_ab1d2b5e-dd51-5db5-abe8-2d6c301a2484.html',
141 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/our_opinion/editorial-confused-about-the-south-shore-plan-in-south-bend/article_f4986d55-822b-5a00-9dbe-4c33a6b27429.html',
142 => 'https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AECOM-CSB-SSL-Feasibility-Study-Presentation-20180419.pdf',
143 => 'https://southbendin.gov/2019/10/21/city-launches-commuter-benefit-program-in-partnership-with-local-employers/',
144 => 'https://www.masstransitmag.com/alt-mobility/shared-mobility/car-sharing/news/21111228/in-south-bend-ridesharing-program-solves-transportation-problems-for-workers',
145 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend/index.html',
146 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/buttigieg-south-bend-fop-at-odds-over-the-mayors-proposed-public-safety-division',
147 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-mayor-wants-new-public-safety-director-position/article_0daf60df-c364-58ba-860d-d8098d57ee3d.html',
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149 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-discusses-possible-new-safety-director-position-449527313.html',
150 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-m-city-budget-for/article_c845217e-4497-5539-9399-02b0fdeea76a.html',
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152 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor--493041261.html',
153 => 'https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/1998425/indiana-national-guard-trains-for-disaster-response/',
154 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/30/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-police.html',
155 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-shooting.html',
156 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/south-bend-police-union-slams-buttigieg',
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158 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-murder-count-remains-steady-under-buttigiegs-watch',
159 => 'https://abc57.com/news/mayor-buttigieg-introduces-budget-proposal-for-2018',
160 => 'http://docs.southbendin.gov/WebLink/0/edoc/118091/0.%202018%20Budget%20Book.pdf',
161 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-seeks-new-paid-parental-leave-benefit-for-city-of/article_f00804ae-1baf-5cbc-b274-efd551a7be3a.html',
162 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave-for-South-Bend-city-employees-444454133.html',
163 => 'https://southbendin.gov/2017/09/14/buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave/',
164 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-offers-new-paid-parental-leave-policy-starting-this-year',
165 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-casino-deal/article_af188ea4-004f-11e6-b5f9-cf98677cd204.html',
166 => 'https://www.casino.org/news/south-bend-casino-next-to-distinguished-catholic-university/',
167 => 'https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/michiana-tribe-gets-land-trust-approval-for-south-bend-casino',
168 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/table-games-sports-betting-and-expansion-coming-to-south-bend/article_392ad128-1894-590b-b956-93fe1ec06d28.html',
169 => 'http://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/cultural-highlight/city-agencies-celebrate-first-local-agreement-distributions-pokagon-band',
170 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-pokagon-band-reach-agreements-related-to-casino-project/article_6e2f14f6-f0fc-11e5-bf0b-4bf1365a3744.html',
171 => 'https://apnews.com/63622de7d4f74232873686312f6e5568',
172 => 'https://apnews.com/6d772749eeae467990667c659d374e02',
173 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/06/pete-buttigieg-abortion-clinic-south-bend-whole-womans-health-crisis/',
174 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pro-abortion-rights-group-urging-south-bend-mayor-to-veto/article_ec97b871-0625-5d76-b4b8-268fe5af64a1.html',
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176 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-plans-to-help-pay-for-zoo/article_28c8b887-fa47-547b-9240-bc337b3f2efb.html',
177 => 'https://www.buildingindiana.com/indianas-oldest-zoo-to-undergoing-major-upgrade/',
178 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-focuses-budget-on-neighborhoods/article_4afcdb6e-6ab5-59e2-8b7f-914f3b49315e.html',
179 => 'https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150625.pdf',
180 => 'https://www.indems.org/icymi-evan-bayh-made-indiana-great-again/',
181 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/buttigieg-gets-involved-in-senate-race-draws-attention-to-don/article_2ea1d2ce-7f8b-11e6-b552-87cd6284d82e.html',
182 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/indiana-sanders-clinton-222687',
183 => 'https://dccc.org/dccc-chair-lujan-names-lynn-coleman-emerging-races/',
184 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/opinion/sunday/the-first-gay-president.html',
185 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/obama-reckons-with-a-trump-presidency',
186 => 'https://medium.com/the-moment-by-pete-for-america/hitting-home-a-new-politics-of-the-everyday-76316121f06a',
187 => 'https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature',
188 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bends-mayor-is-throwing-his-support-behind-democrat-mel-hall',
189 => 'https://joeforindiana.com/updates/mayor-pete-buttigieg-other-hoosier-veterans-launch-south-bend-veterans-for-joe-with-press-conference/',
190 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-will-not-seek-a-third-term-as-south/article_0399eb60-365a-5f18-b98c-de8cc9010831.html',
191 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/james-mueller-rolls-to-victory-in-south-bend-mayoral-primary/article_4139cab3-c713-5d9c-be70-7387ef7b806d.html',
192 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-endorses-james-mueller-as-his-pick-to-replace-him',
193 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/primary-election-south-bend-mayoral-race',
194 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/slew-of-democrats-hoping-to-replace-buttigieg-busy-fundraising-mobilizing-voters',
195 => 'https://www.sjcindiana.com/1647/2019-Primary-Election',
196 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/top-buttigieg-mayoral-aide-wins-primary-to-lead-indiana-city',
197 => 'https://www.sjcindiana.com/DocumentCenter/View/28489/2019-General-Election-Summary---Unofficial',
198 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/democrat-james-mueller-voted-as-south-bends-next-mayor',
199 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/05/us/pete-buttigieg-democratic-national-committee-chairman-race.html',
200 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/dnc-race-democrats-elect-new-leader-saturday-n725596',
201 => 'https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-backs-pete-buttigieg-over-tom-perez-for-dnc-20170208-story.html',
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203 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/breaking-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-joins-presidential-race/article_c2ca8722-70b4-5b40-9d10-14ee798fbb8d.html',
204 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend-president.html',
205 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/14/politics/pete-buttigieg-presidential-campaign/index.html',
206 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/3/28/18283925/pete-buttigieg-mayor-pete-interview-capitalism',
207 => 'https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/11/07/Pete-Buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-of-Social-Gospel/6261573132113/',
208 => 'https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/pete-buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-social-gospel-movement-94506',
209 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/politics/iowa-caucus-results/index.html',
210 => 'https://theweek.com/10things/894837/10-things-need-know-today-february-10-2020',
211 => 'https://victoryfund.org/news/pete-buttigiegs-iowa-victory-a-milestone-in-u-s-history-america-on-track-to-elect-its-first-gay-president/',
212 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-pete-buttigieg-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-3',
213 => 'https://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/',
214 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190428031517/http://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/',
215 => 'https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances',
216 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190428023553/https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances',
217 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html',
218 => 'https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend',
219 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190420060334/https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend',
220 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190323063853/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html',
221 => 'https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pete-buttigieg-fox-news-town-hall_n_5ce1db9be4b00e035b928161',
222 => 'https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6380609/Buttigieg-Climate-Plan.pdf',
223 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues',
224 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190306222851/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues',
225 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html',
226 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190324113006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html%3Fnoredirect=on',
227 => 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC',
228 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223233/https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC',
229 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX7hni-zGD8&feature=youtu.be&t=4460',
230 => 'https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html',
231 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190306135526/https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html',
232 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations',
233 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190404175113/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations',
234 => 'https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg',
235 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190327131242/https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg',
236 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html',
237 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162341/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html',
238 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-incarceration-drug-possession',
239 => 'https://theintercept.com/2019/11/26/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-marijuana-arrests/',
240 => 'https://thecrimereport.org/2019/11/27/racial-disparity-high-in-pot-arrests-under-buttigieg/',
241 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pete-buttigieg-unveils-plan-to-improve-mental-health-care-and-fight-addiction/',
242 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/mental-health/',
243 => 'https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf',
244 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190215231658/https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf',
245 => 'https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html',
246 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081010/https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html',
247 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html',
248 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190321012329/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html',
249 => 'https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/',
250 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190324114203/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/',
251 => 'http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2617',
252 => 'https://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/state_news/state-treasurer-candidate-wants-banks-to-help-communities/article_fd91f22a-f272-53d8-ad06-f261cb2d7f23.html',
253 => 'http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2628',
254 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/empowering-workers/',
255 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/policies/education/',
256 => 'https://chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2019/12/07/mayor-pete-buttigieg-k-12-education-plan-charter-schools/',
257 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2019/11/12/pete-buttigiegs-college-affordability-plan-the-goldilocks-solution/#669ca4a4545d',
258 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/wesleywhistle/2019/11/14/mayor-petes-middle-of-the-road-plan-for-higher-education/#513cbe727052',
259 => 'https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/',
260 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190328112002/https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/',
261 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think',
262 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190423052624/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think',
263 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/issues/#ElectionSecurity',
264 => 'https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine',
265 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190403233033/https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine',
266 => 'https://www.jpost.com/International/Buttigieg-US-support-for-Israel-is-not-support-for-annexation-606093',
267 => 'https://www.jns.org/record-at-a-glance-mayor-pete-buttigieg-supports-two-state-solution-blames-hamas-for-lack-of-peace/',
268 => 'https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/',
269 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190409120427/https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/',
270 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/venezuela-juan-guaido-donald-trump-2020-democrats_n_5c520bd0e4b04f8645c745f4',
271 => 'https://foreignpolicy.com/2020-election/',
272 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/foreign-policy/',
273 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-18/china-bashes-nyt-s-xinjiang-story-as-warren-buttigieg-criticize',
274 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/10/mayor-pete-decries-trumps-decision-to-withdraw-troops-from-northern-syria/',
275 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/',
276 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153527/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/',
277 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/buttigieg-tweet-medicare-for-all-048745',
278 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/health/public-option-medicare-for-all.html',
279 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/11/08/774716877/just-the-right-policy-pete-buttigieg-on-his-medicare-for-all-who-want-it-plan',
280 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/06/28/transcript-night-first-democratic-debate/',
281 => 'https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee',
282 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081238/https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee',
283 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/medicare-for-all/',
284 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/23/pete-buttigieg-mental-health-addiction-1472516',
285 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8',
286 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190317050924/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8',
287 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc',
288 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190401040137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc',
289 => 'https://www.forconstructionpros.com/asphalt/news/21109945/presidential-candidate-buttigieg-promises-to-pass-infrastructure-legislation-if-elected',
290 => 'https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/01/14/environmental-impacts-buttigiegs-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan/4430332002/',
291 => 'https://resources.peteforamerica.com/documents/Palm-Cards-Printable_Infrastructure.pdf',
292 => 'https://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/mayor-pete-buttigieg-he-s-made-it-clear-that-he-deserves-to-be-impeached-69697093733',
293 => 'https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/31/buttigieg-says-there-would-lot-benefit-trump-were-defeated-instead-removed-from-office/ktUrja3zexlNLxBPOP2tbM/story.html',
294 => 'https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/05/12/pete-buttigieg-says-donald-trump-divides-white-identity-politics/1151265001/',
295 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/12/pete-buttigieg-human-rights-campaign-trump',
296 => 'https://apnews.com/ede3a14f794e423388eef7162def7358',
297 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/740279980/buttigieg-proposes-broad-plan-to-counter-racial-inequality',
298 => 'https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/',
299 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081135/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/',
300 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban',
301 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043108/https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban',
302 => 'https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622',
303 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190321013356/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622',
304 => 'https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea',
305 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427085103/https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea',
306 => 'https://www.towleroad.com/2019/07/pete-buttigieg-public-service/',
307 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-argues-against-free-college-this-is-why-progressives-cant-agree-about-subsidizing-tuition/?noredirect=on',
308 => 'https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college',
309 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190405205122/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college',
310 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/pete-buttigieg-democrat-2020-presidential-election',
311 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/02/opinions/buttigieg-and-religion-qa-beck/index.html',
312 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/religion/2019/03/29/evangelicals-helped-get-trump-into-white-house-pete-buttigieg-believes-religious-left-will-get-him-out/',
313 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-coming-of-age-tale-that-inspired-mayor-pete-to-learn-norwegian',
314 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X',
315 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/mayor-pete-buttigieg-2020-millennial-president-1332008',
316 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/29/pete-buttigieg-surges-commentators-declare-obscure-midwestern/',
317 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235',
318 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVYRGDUSPZU',
319 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/04/pete-buttigiegs-polygot-magic/588169/',
320 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/magazine/pete-buttigieg-smart-harvard-rhodes-scholar-norwegian-language.html',
321 => 'https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/national/who-pete-buttigieg-democratic-mayor-joins-2020-presidential-race/hcIXqE9Dawq3TGSRn7IK5K',
322 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043005/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar',
323 => 'http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar',
324 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043140/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg',
325 => 'http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg',
326 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/south-bend-symphony-orchestra-concert-feat-mayor-pete-buttigieg-at/image_b3aa8758-6c0c-11e3-933b-0019bb30f31a.html',
327 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180130072843/https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion',
328 => 'https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion',
329 => 'http://iop.harvard.edu/about/newsletter-press-release/november-13-2015-%E2%80%93-2015-new-frontier-award-release',
330 => 'https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150618.pdf',
331 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-s-announcement-creates-a-buzz/article_57a803f7-3aeb-50d2-9904-b69039a07ade.html',
332 => 'https://www.governing.com/topics/politics/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-is-gay.html',
333 => 'https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryancbrooks/fred-karger-mayor-pete-buttigieg-gay-2020',
334 => 'http://www.tma-el.org/about-us/faculty-and-staff.cfm?catid=4',
335 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-announces-engagement-467023153.html',
336 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-pete-buttigieg-marries-partner-chasten-glezman-in-downtown-south/article_b9bb722b-bbb0-5b55-a73d-e014ac7e4bf1.html',
337 => 'https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/09/chasten-buttigieg-what-we-know-pete-buttigiegs-husband/3398186002/',
338 => 'https://www.queerty.com/pride50',
339 => 'https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf',
340 => 'https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2011',
341 => 'https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2015',
342 => 'https://southbendvoice.com/2015/05/07/what-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win/',
343 => 'http://peteforamerica.com',
344 => 'http://meetpete.org',
345 => 'http://southbendin.gov/official/mayor-pete-buttigieg',
346 => 'https://www.c-span.org/person/?petebuttigieg',
347 => 'https://www.imdb.com/find?q=Rat+Man&s=nm',
348 => 'http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg'
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2 => 'https://www.thecut.com/2019/03/how-to-pronounce-pete-buttigieg-name.html',
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38 => 'https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Quiet_American_s_Errand_Into_the_Wil.html?id=8e1dNwAACAAJ',
39 => 'https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/12/rhodes-scholars-announced-2/',
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51 => 'https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/peter-buttigieg',
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60 => 'https://www.stripes.com/news/us/how-pete-buttigieg-went-from-being-a-war-protester-to-serving-in-the-navy-1.592353',
61 => 'https://www.scribd.com/document/408662295/Buttigieg-s-Military-Records',
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124 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/who-is-elbel-for-everyone/article_119bf6bb-f610-5681-ade2-3d9f17902176.html',
125 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/group-wants-parks-board-to-withdraw-support-for-elbel-golf/article_95116d81-344a-50f7-95cb-91b9344a443a.html',
126 => 'https://www.953mnc.com/2015/07/28/pete-buttigieg/',
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138 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/mayor-buttigieg-proposes-2018-budget-for-south-bend',
139 => 'https://www.953mnc.com/2017/08/17/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-presents-2018-budget-plan/',
140 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/st-joseph-county-plans-to-study-options-for-south-shore/article_ab1d2b5e-dd51-5db5-abe8-2d6c301a2484.html',
141 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/our_opinion/editorial-confused-about-the-south-shore-plan-in-south-bend/article_f4986d55-822b-5a00-9dbe-4c33a6b27429.html',
142 => 'https://southbendin.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/AECOM-CSB-SSL-Feasibility-Study-Presentation-20180419.pdf',
143 => 'https://southbendin.gov/2019/10/21/city-launches-commuter-benefit-program-in-partnership-with-local-employers/',
144 => 'https://www.masstransitmag.com/alt-mobility/shared-mobility/car-sharing/news/21111228/in-south-bend-ridesharing-program-solves-transportation-problems-for-workers',
145 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend/index.html',
146 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/buttigieg-south-bend-fop-at-odds-over-the-mayors-proposed-public-safety-division',
147 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/south-bend-mayor-wants-new-public-safety-director-position/article_0daf60df-c364-58ba-860d-d8098d57ee3d.html',
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149 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-discusses-possible-new-safety-director-position-449527313.html',
150 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-m-city-budget-for/article_c845217e-4497-5539-9399-02b0fdeea76a.html',
151 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-adding-brand-new-division-to-the-mayors-office',
152 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor--493041261.html',
153 => 'https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/1998425/indiana-national-guard-trains-for-disaster-response/',
154 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/30/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-police.html',
155 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-shooting.html',
156 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/south-bend-police-union-slams-buttigieg',
157 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/publicsafety/some-at-latest-community-meeting-about-south-bend-police-feel/article_0ba4749a-ca9b-593e-9830-698f8be75ebd.html',
158 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-murder-count-remains-steady-under-buttigiegs-watch',
159 => 'https://abc57.com/news/mayor-buttigieg-introduces-budget-proposal-for-2018',
160 => 'http://docs.southbendin.gov/WebLink/0/edoc/118091/0.%202018%20Budget%20Book.pdf',
161 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/buttigieg-seeks-new-paid-parental-leave-benefit-for-city-of/article_f00804ae-1baf-5cbc-b274-efd551a7be3a.html',
162 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/Buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave-for-South-Bend-city-employees-444454133.html',
163 => 'https://southbendin.gov/2017/09/14/buttigieg-proposes-paid-parental-leave/',
164 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-offers-new-paid-parental-leave-policy-starting-this-year',
165 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-casino-deal/article_af188ea4-004f-11e6-b5f9-cf98677cd204.html',
166 => 'https://www.casino.org/news/south-bend-casino-next-to-distinguished-catholic-university/',
167 => 'https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/michiana-tribe-gets-land-trust-approval-for-south-bend-casino',
168 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/table-games-sports-betting-and-expansion-coming-to-south-bend/article_392ad128-1894-590b-b956-93fe1ec06d28.html',
169 => 'http://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/cultural-highlight/city-agencies-celebrate-first-local-agreement-distributions-pokagon-band',
170 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-pokagon-band-reach-agreements-related-to-casino-project/article_6e2f14f6-f0fc-11e5-bf0b-4bf1365a3744.html',
171 => 'https://apnews.com/63622de7d4f74232873686312f6e5568',
172 => 'https://apnews.com/6d772749eeae467990667c659d374e02',
173 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/06/pete-buttigieg-abortion-clinic-south-bend-whole-womans-health-crisis/',
174 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pro-abortion-rights-group-urging-south-bend-mayor-to-veto/article_ec97b871-0625-5d76-b4b8-268fe5af64a1.html',
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176 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/city-of-south-bend-plans-to-help-pay-for-zoo/article_28c8b887-fa47-547b-9240-bc337b3f2efb.html',
177 => 'https://www.buildingindiana.com/indianas-oldest-zoo-to-undergoing-major-upgrade/',
178 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-focuses-budget-on-neighborhoods/article_4afcdb6e-6ab5-59e2-8b7f-914f3b49315e.html',
179 => 'https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150625.pdf',
180 => 'https://www.indems.org/icymi-evan-bayh-made-indiana-great-again/',
181 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/buttigieg-gets-involved-in-senate-race-draws-attention-to-don/article_2ea1d2ce-7f8b-11e6-b552-87cd6284d82e.html',
182 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/indiana-sanders-clinton-222687',
183 => 'https://dccc.org/dccc-chair-lujan-names-lynn-coleman-emerging-races/',
184 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/opinion/sunday/the-first-gay-president.html',
185 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/obama-reckons-with-a-trump-presidency',
186 => 'https://medium.com/the-moment-by-pete-for-america/hitting-home-a-new-politics-of-the-everyday-76316121f06a',
187 => 'https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature',
188 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bends-mayor-is-throwing-his-support-behind-democrat-mel-hall',
189 => 'https://joeforindiana.com/updates/mayor-pete-buttigieg-other-hoosier-veterans-launch-south-bend-veterans-for-joe-with-press-conference/',
190 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-will-not-seek-a-third-term-as-south/article_0399eb60-365a-5f18-b98c-de8cc9010831.html',
191 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/elections/james-mueller-rolls-to-victory-in-south-bend-mayoral-primary/article_4139cab3-c713-5d9c-be70-7387ef7b806d.html',
192 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-endorses-james-mueller-as-his-pick-to-replace-him',
193 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/primary-election-south-bend-mayoral-race',
194 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/slew-of-democrats-hoping-to-replace-buttigieg-busy-fundraising-mobilizing-voters',
195 => 'https://www.sjcindiana.com/1647/2019-Primary-Election',
196 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/top-buttigieg-mayoral-aide-wins-primary-to-lead-indiana-city',
197 => 'https://www.sjcindiana.com/DocumentCenter/View/28489/2019-General-Election-Summary---Unofficial',
198 => 'https://wsbt.com/news/local/democrat-james-mueller-voted-as-south-bends-next-mayor',
199 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/05/us/pete-buttigieg-democratic-national-committee-chairman-race.html',
200 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/dnc-race-democrats-elect-new-leader-saturday-n725596',
201 => 'https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-backs-pete-buttigieg-over-tom-perez-for-dnc-20170208-story.html',
202 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/23/politics/pete-buttigieg-2020-president/index.html',
203 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/breaking-south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-joins-presidential-race/article_c2ca8722-70b4-5b40-9d10-14ee798fbb8d.html',
204 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-mayor-south-bend-president.html',
205 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/14/politics/pete-buttigieg-presidential-campaign/index.html',
206 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/3/28/18283925/pete-buttigieg-mayor-pete-interview-capitalism',
207 => 'https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/11/07/Pete-Buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-of-Social-Gospel/6261573132113/',
208 => 'https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/pete-buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-social-gospel-movement-94506',
209 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/politics/iowa-caucus-results/index.html',
210 => 'https://theweek.com/10things/894837/10-things-need-know-today-february-10-2020',
211 => 'https://victoryfund.org/news/pete-buttigiegs-iowa-victory-a-milestone-in-u-s-history-america-on-track-to-elect-its-first-gay-president/',
212 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-pete-buttigieg-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-3',
213 => 'https://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/',
214 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190428031517/http://time.com/5570327/pete-buttigieg-presidential-candidate-2020/',
215 => 'https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances',
216 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190428023553/https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances',
217 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html',
218 => 'https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend',
219 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190420060334/https://www.vox.com/2019/3/27/18282417/indiana-abortion-pete-buttigieg-clinic-south-bend',
220 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190323063853/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html',
221 => 'https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pete-buttigieg-fox-news-town-hall_n_5ce1db9be4b00e035b928161',
222 => 'https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6380609/Buttigieg-Climate-Plan.pdf',
223 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues',
224 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190306222851/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-does-pete-buttigieg-believe-where-the-candidate-stands-on-7-issues',
225 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html',
226 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190324113006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html%3Fnoredirect=on',
227 => 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC',
228 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223233/https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC',
229 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX7hni-zGD8&feature=youtu.be&t=4460',
230 => 'https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html',
231 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190306135526/https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html',
232 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations',
233 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190404175113/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations',
234 => 'https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg',
235 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190327131242/https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg',
236 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html',
237 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162341/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html',
238 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-incarceration-drug-possession',
239 => 'https://theintercept.com/2019/11/26/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-marijuana-arrests/',
240 => 'https://thecrimereport.org/2019/11/27/racial-disparity-high-in-pot-arrests-under-buttigieg/',
241 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pete-buttigieg-unveils-plan-to-improve-mental-health-care-and-fight-addiction/',
242 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/mental-health/',
243 => 'https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf',
244 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190215231658/https://signup.politics.uchicago.edu/page/-/site/PODCAST/transcripts/af-ep129-buttigieg.pdf',
245 => 'https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html',
246 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081010/https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html',
247 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html',
248 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190321012329/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-heres-the-biggest-problem-with-capitalism-right-now.html',
249 => 'https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/',
250 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190324114203/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26861236/peter-buttigieg-interview/',
251 => 'http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2617',
252 => 'https://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/state_news/state-treasurer-candidate-wants-banks-to-help-communities/article_fd91f22a-f272-53d8-ad06-f261cb2d7f23.html',
253 => 'http://in.peteforindiana.com/p/salsa/web/news/public/?news_item_KEY=2628',
254 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/empowering-workers/',
255 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/policies/education/',
256 => 'https://chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2019/12/07/mayor-pete-buttigieg-k-12-education-plan-charter-schools/',
257 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2019/11/12/pete-buttigiegs-college-affordability-plan-the-goldilocks-solution/#669ca4a4545d',
258 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/wesleywhistle/2019/11/14/mayor-petes-middle-of-the-road-plan-for-higher-education/#513cbe727052',
259 => 'https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/',
260 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190328112002/https://theintercept.com/2019/03/21/mayor-pete-buttigieg-on-trump-islamophobia-and-his-presidential-bid/',
261 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think',
262 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190423052624/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/440137-buttigieg-on-whether-felons-should-be-able-to-vote-from-prison-i-dont-think',
263 => 'https://peteforamerica.com/issues/#ElectionSecurity',
264 => 'https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine',
265 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190403233033/https://www.vox.com/2019/4/3/18293545/pete-buttigieg-democrats-president-israel-omar-palestine',
266 => 'https://www.jpost.com/International/Buttigieg-US-support-for-Israel-is-not-support-for-annexation-606093',
267 => 'https://www.jns.org/record-at-a-glance-mayor-pete-buttigieg-supports-two-state-solution-blames-hamas-for-lack-of-peace/',
268 => 'https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/',
269 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190409120427/https://www.timesofisrael.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-pans-pms-harmful-comments-on-settlements/',
270 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/venezuela-juan-guaido-donald-trump-2020-democrats_n_5c520bd0e4b04f8645c745f4',
271 => 'https://foreignpolicy.com/2020-election/',
272 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/foreign-policy/',
273 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-18/china-bashes-nyt-s-xinjiang-story-as-warren-buttigieg-criticize',
274 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/10/mayor-pete-decries-trumps-decision-to-withdraw-troops-from-northern-syria/',
275 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/',
276 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153527/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/',
277 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/buttigieg-tweet-medicare-for-all-048745',
278 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/health/public-option-medicare-for-all.html',
279 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/11/08/774716877/just-the-right-policy-pete-buttigieg-on-his-medicare-for-all-who-want-it-plan',
280 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/06/28/transcript-night-first-democratic-debate/',
281 => 'https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee',
282 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081238/https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee',
283 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/medicare-for-all/',
284 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/23/pete-buttigieg-mental-health-addiction-1472516',
285 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8',
286 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190317050924/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8',
287 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc',
288 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190401040137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc',
289 => 'https://www.forconstructionpros.com/asphalt/news/21109945/presidential-candidate-buttigieg-promises-to-pass-infrastructure-legislation-if-elected',
290 => 'https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/01/14/environmental-impacts-buttigiegs-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan/4430332002/',
291 => 'https://resources.peteforamerica.com/documents/Palm-Cards-Printable_Infrastructure.pdf',
292 => 'https://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/mayor-pete-buttigieg-he-s-made-it-clear-that-he-deserves-to-be-impeached-69697093733',
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297 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/07/11/740279980/buttigieg-proposes-broad-plan-to-counter-racial-inequality',
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300 => 'https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban',
301 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043108/https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban',
302 => 'https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622',
303 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190321013356/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622',
304 => 'https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea',
305 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427085103/https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea',
306 => 'https://www.towleroad.com/2019/07/pete-buttigieg-public-service/',
307 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-argues-against-free-college-this-is-why-progressives-cant-agree-about-subsidizing-tuition/?noredirect=on',
308 => 'https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college',
309 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190405205122/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college',
310 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/pete-buttigieg-democrat-2020-presidential-election',
311 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/02/opinions/buttigieg-and-religion-qa-beck/index.html',
312 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/religion/2019/03/29/evangelicals-helped-get-trump-into-white-house-pete-buttigieg-believes-religious-left-will-get-him-out/',
313 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-coming-of-age-tale-that-inspired-mayor-pete-to-learn-norwegian',
314 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X',
315 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/mayor-pete-buttigieg-2020-millennial-president-1332008',
316 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/29/pete-buttigieg-surges-commentators-declare-obscure-midwestern/',
317 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235',
318 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVYRGDUSPZU',
319 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/04/pete-buttigiegs-polygot-magic/588169/',
320 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/magazine/pete-buttigieg-smart-harvard-rhodes-scholar-norwegian-language.html',
321 => 'https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/national/who-pete-buttigieg-democratic-mayor-joins-2020-presidential-race/hcIXqE9Dawq3TGSRn7IK5K',
322 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043005/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar',
323 => 'http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2011-11-12/news/30392819_1_pete-buttigieg-gavin-ferlic-guitar',
324 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427043140/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg',
325 => 'http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2013-02-18/entertainment/37166151_1_sbso-zofia-glashauser-mayor-pete-buttigieg',
326 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/south-bend-symphony-orchestra-concert-feat-mayor-pete-buttigieg-at/image_b3aa8758-6c0c-11e3-933b-0019bb30f31a.html',
327 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180130072843/https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion',
328 => 'https://www.southbendin.gov/residents-business-government/news/2016-1-15/buttigieg-establishes-city-diversity-and-inclusion',
329 => 'http://iop.harvard.edu/about/newsletter-press-release/november-13-2015-%E2%80%93-2015-new-frontier-award-release',
330 => 'https://www.in.gov/library/files/HPI150618.pdf',
331 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/pete-buttigieg-s-announcement-creates-a-buzz/article_57a803f7-3aeb-50d2-9904-b69039a07ade.html',
332 => 'https://www.governing.com/topics/politics/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-is-gay.html',
333 => 'https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryancbrooks/fred-karger-mayor-pete-buttigieg-gay-2020',
334 => 'http://www.tma-el.org/about-us/faculty-and-staff.cfm?catid=4',
335 => 'https://www.wndu.com/content/news/South-Bend-Mayor-Pete-Buttigieg-announces-engagement-467023153.html',
336 => 'https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-pete-buttigieg-marries-partner-chasten-glezman-in-downtown-south/article_b9bb722b-bbb0-5b55-a73d-e014ac7e4bf1.html',
337 => 'https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/04/09/chasten-buttigieg-what-we-know-pete-buttigiegs-husband/3398186002/',
338 => 'https://www.queerty.com/pride50',
339 => 'https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf',
340 => 'https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2011',
341 => 'https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2015',
342 => 'https://southbendvoice.com/2015/05/07/what-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win/',
343 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2279554',
344 => 'http://peteforamerica.com',
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346 => 'http://southbendin.gov/official/mayor-pete-buttigieg',
347 => 'https://www.c-span.org/person/?petebuttigieg',
348 => 'https://www.imdb.com/find?q=Rat+Man&s=nm',
349 => 'http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg',
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. politician and 2020 presidential candidate</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">Pete Buttigieg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Pete Buttigieg by Gage Skidmore.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/220px-Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/330px-Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/440px-Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1554" /></a><div style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Buttigieg in June 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">32nd <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of South Bend</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 2012 – January 1, 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Luecke" title="Steve Luecke">Steve Luecke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Mueller_(mayor)" title="James Mueller (mayor)">James Mueller</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1982-01-19</span>) </span>January 19, 1982<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 38)</span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Political party</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Spouse(s)</th><td><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;">Chasten Glezman (<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span title="June 16, 2018" class="rt-commentedText">2018</span>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mother</th><td>J. Anne Montgomery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Father</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Buttigieg" title="Joseph Buttigieg">Joseph Buttigieg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Education</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford" title="Pembroke College, Oxford">Pembroke College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Signature</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_signature_(1).png" class="image" title="Rat Man's signature"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/128px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="46" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/192px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png/256px-Pete_Buttigieg_signature_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="172" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Website</th><td><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peteforamerica.com">Campaign website</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Allegiance</th><td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Branch/service</th><td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1008" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Service years</th><td>2009–2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rank</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:US_Navy_O3_infobox.svg" class="image"><img alt="US Navy O3 infobox.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/US_Navy_O3_infobox.svg/23px-US_Navy_O3_infobox.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/US_Navy_O3_infobox.svg/35px-US_Navy_O3_infobox.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/US_Navy_O3_infobox.svg/46px-US_Navy_O3_infobox.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="101" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Unit</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">United States Navy Reserve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Battles/wars</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%9314)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–14)">War in Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Awards</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="image"><img alt="Joint Service Commendation Medal ribbon.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/23px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="6" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/35px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/46px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr>
<td style="background:#26428B; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Pete Buttigieg by Gage Skidmore.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/75px-Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/113px-Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Pete_Buttigieg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1554" /></a></td>
<td style="background:#26428B; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span style="color:#FFF">This article is part of a series about</span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg"><span style="color:#FFF">Pete Buttigieg</span></a></span></span></td>
</tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em;">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">Political positions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg#Electoral_history" title="Pete Buttigieg">Electoral history</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<p><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of South Bend, Indiana</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_South_Bend,_Indiana_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election">2011 election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_South_Bend,_Indiana_mayoral_election" title="2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election">2015 re-election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg#Mayor_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="Pete Buttigieg">Tenure</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<p><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a></b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hitting_Home_PAC" title="Hitting Home PAC">Hitting Home PAC</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shortest_Way_Home" title="Shortest Way Home">Shortest Way Home</a></i></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;text-align:center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Pete_Buttigieg_series" title="Template:Pete Buttigieg series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Pete_Buttigieg_series" title="Template talk:Pete Buttigieg series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Pete_Buttigieg_series&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg</b><sup id="cite_ref-Harvard_Gazette_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvard_Gazette-1">[1]</a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BOOT</span>-ə-jej</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup> born January 19, 1982) is an American politician who was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">mayor of South Bend, Indiana</a>, from 2012 to 2020. He is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">candidate for the Democratic nomination</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>.
</p><p>Buttigieg is a graduate of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, attending the latter on a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a>. He was a consultant at the management consulting firm <a href="/enwiki/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey</a> from 2007 to 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></sup> From 2009 to 2017, he was a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">naval intelligence officer</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">United States Navy Reserve</a>, attaining the rank of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">lieutenant</a>. He was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">deployed to Afghanistan</a> for seven months in 2014 and was awarded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>Before running for office, Buttigieg worked on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">political campaigns</a> of the Democrats <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Long_Thompson" title="Jill Long Thompson">Jill Long Thompson</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>. Buttigieg was the 32nd mayor of South Bend, Indiana, from January 2012 to January 2020. Buttigieg publicly <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out as gay</a> in 2015 and was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_South_Bend,_Indiana_mayoral_election" title="2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election">reelected</a> with over 80% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-2015gay_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015gay-7">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg launched his campaign for the 2020 United States presidential election on April 14, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Segran-190414_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segran-190414-9">[8]</a></sup> He became the first openly gay person to launch a major presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></sup> Despite initially low expectations, he gained significant momentum in mid-2019 when he participated in several <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Town_hall_meeting" title="Town hall meeting">town halls</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">forums</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a>. Buttigieg narrowly won the pledged delegate count in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Iowa_Democratic_caucuses" title="2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> and tied the pledged delegate count in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_New_Hampshire_Democratic_primary" title="2020 New Hampshire Democratic primary">New Hampshire primary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup> He is the first openly gay candidate to earn presidential primary delegates from a major American political party.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life_and_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Professional_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Professional career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Military_service"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Military service</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Indiana_state_treasurer_election"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Indiana state treasurer election</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Mayor_of_South_Bend,_Indiana"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Mayor of South Bend, Indiana</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Election_and_transition"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Election and transition</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#First_term"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">First term</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Policing"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Policing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Urban_development_and_blight_removal_initiatives"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Urban development and blight removal initiatives</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Service_in_Afghanistan"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Service in Afghanistan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#RFRA_opposition"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">RFRA opposition</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Other"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Second_term"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Second term</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Reelection_in_2015"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reelection in 2015</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Housing,_transportation,_parks,_and_infrastructure"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Housing, transportation, parks, and infrastructure</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Police_and_fire_services"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Police and fire services</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Other_civic_matters"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other civic matters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Speculations_about_higher_office_and_national_political_involvement"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Speculations about higher office and national political involvement</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Succession_as_mayor"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Succession as mayor</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#2017_DNC_chair_election"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">2017 DNC chair election</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#2020_presidential_election"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">2020 presidential election</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Political_positions"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Political positions</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Abortion"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Abortion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Climate_change"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Climate change</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Criminal_justice"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Criminal justice</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Economy,_commerce,_and_workers’_rights"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Economy, commerce, and workers’ rights</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Education_2"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Elections_and_voting_rights"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Elections and voting rights</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Foreign_policy_and_national_security"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign policy and national security</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">5.8</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Immigration"><span class="tocnumber">5.9</span> <span class="toctext">Immigration</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Infrastructure"><span class="tocnumber">5.10</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Judicial_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.11</span> <span class="toctext">Judicial issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Donald_Trump"><span class="tocnumber">5.12</span> <span class="toctext">Donald Trump</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Racial_equality"><span class="tocnumber">5.13</span> <span class="toctext">Racial equality</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Social_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.14</span> <span class="toctext">Social issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Statehood"><span class="tocnumber">5.15</span> <span class="toctext">Statehood</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Book"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Book</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Electoral_history"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Electoral history</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Buttigieg was born on January 19, 1982, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a>, the only child of Jennifer Anne Montgomery and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Buttigieg" title="Joseph Buttigieg">Joseph A. Buttigieg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTsuccessor_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTsuccessor-16">[15]</a></sup> His parents met and married while employed as faculty at New Mexico State University.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></sup> His father was born and raised in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamrun" title="Hamrun">Hamrun</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, and had studied to be a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> before emigrating to the United States and embarking on a secular career as a professor of literature at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_University_of_Notre_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Notre Dame">the University of Notre Dame</a> in South Bend,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trebay-180618_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trebay-180618-19">[18]</a></sup> where he taught for 29 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown-161215_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-161215-20">[19]</a></sup> His mother was born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus County, California</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-21">[20]</a></sup> graduated from Radford High School in El Paso, Texas,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup> and attended the University of Texas, receiving her BA and MA in 1967;<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-21">[20]</a></sup> her mother was born in Oklahoma,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-23">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></sup> and her father was born in Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-23">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg was valedictorian of the class of 2000 at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Joseph_High_School_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="St. Joseph High School (South Bend, Indiana)">St. Joseph High School</a> in South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-2010Bio_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Bio-28">[27]</a></sup> That year, he won first prize in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a>'s <i>Profiles in Courage</i> essay contest. He traveled to Boston to accept the award and met <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> and other members of President Kennedy's family. The subject of his winning essay was the integrity and political courage of then <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> Bernie Sanders of Vermont, one of only two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent politicians</a> in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeCosta-Klipa-190402_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeCosta-Klipa-190402-30">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg attended <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, where he majored in history and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Alfaro-190123_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alfaro-190123-31">[30]</a></sup> He became president of the Student Advisory Committee of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvard_Institute_of_Politics" title="Harvard Institute of Politics">Harvard Institute of Politics</a> and worked on the institute's annual study of youth attitudes on politics.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></sup> He wrote his undergraduate thesis, titled <i>The Quiet American's Errand into the Wilderness</i>, on the influence of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puritanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritanism">puritanism</a> on U.S. foreign policy as reflected in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a>'s novel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Quiet_American" title="The Quiet American">The Quiet American</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></sup> The title of his thesis is also an allusion to American historian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perry_Miller" title="Perry Miller">Perry Miller</a>'s work <i>Errand into the Wilderness</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a></sup>
</p><p>Upon graduating <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">magna cum laude</a></i> from Harvard in 2004, Buttigieg was elected a member of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a><sup id="cite_ref-Harvard_Gazette_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvard_Gazette-1">[1]</a></sup> and awarded a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</a>; in 2007, he received a master's of arts degree with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours" title="British undergraduate degree classification">first-class honours</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philosophy,_politics,_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy, politics, and economics">philosophy, politics, and economics</a> after studying at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford" title="Pembroke College, Oxford">Pembroke College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WallaceWells_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WallaceWells-37">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a></sup> At Oxford, he was an editor of the <i>Oxford International Review</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-timesunion2march_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesunion2march-39">[38]</a></sup> and was a co-founder<sup id="cite_ref-timesunion2march_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesunion2march-39">[38]</a></sup> and member of the Democratic Renaissance Project, an informal debate and discussion group of about a dozen Oxford students.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Professional_career">Professional career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Professional career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Before graduating from college, Buttigieg was an investigative intern at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WMAQ-TV" title="WMAQ-TV">WMAQ-TV</a>, Chicago's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> affiliate.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a></sup> He also interned for Democrat <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Long_Thompson" title="Jill Long Thompson">Jill Long Thompson</a> during her unsuccessful <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">2002 congressional bid</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2006, he lent assistance to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a>'s successful <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">congressional campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a></sup>
</p><p>From 2004 to 2005, Buttigieg was conference director of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Cohen_Group" title="The Cohen Group">the Cohen Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a></sup> For several months in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-toosmart_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toosmart-45">[44]</a></sup> Buttigieg worked on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry_presidential_campaign,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004">2004 presidential campaign</a> as a policy and research specialist.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a></sup> When he accepted the offer to work for Kerry's campaign, he declined another to work for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004 United States Senate campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toosmart_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toosmart-45">[44]</a></sup>
</p><p>After earning his Oxford degree, in 2007 Buttigieg became a consultant at the Chicago office of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10yearsoftaxreturns_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10yearsoftaxreturns-47">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a></sup> where he worked on energy, retail, economic development, and logistics for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-Truman_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truman-49">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a></sup> His clients at McKinsey included the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">health insurer</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_Michigan" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan">Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan</a>, electronics retailer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a>, Canadian supermarket chain <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loblaws" title="Loblaws">Loblaws</a>, two nonprofit environmentalist groups (the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">Natural Resources Defense Council</a> and Energy Foundation) and several U.S. government agencies (the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy Department</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense Department</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">Postal Service</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a></sup> He took a leave of absence from McKinsey in 2008 to become research director for Jill Long Thompson's unsuccessful <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Indiana gubernatorial election">campaign for Indiana governor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a></sup> Buttigieg left McKinsey in 2010 in order to focus full-time on his campaign for Indiana state treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-10yearsoftaxreturns_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10yearsoftaxreturns-47">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg has been involved with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Truman_National_Security_Project" title="Truman National Security Project">Truman National Security Project</a> since 2005 and serves as a fellow with expertise in Afghanistan and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Truman_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truman-49">[48]</a></sup> In 2014, he was named to the organization's board of advisors.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Military_service">Military service</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military service">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:216px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bagram_collage.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bagram_collage.jpg/214px-Bagram_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="175" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bagram_collage.jpg/321px-Bagram_collage.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bagram_collage.jpg/428px-Bagram_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="836" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bagram_collage.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>In 2014, Buttigieg began his deployment at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bagram_Airfield" title="Bagram Airfield">Bagram Air Base</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Buttigieg joined the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Navy_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy Reserve">U.S. Navy Reserve</a> through the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Direct_commission_officer" title="Direct commission officer">direct commission officer (DCO)</a> program and was sworn in as an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a> in naval intelligence in September 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-stripes_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stripes-57">[56]</a></sup> In 2014, he took a seven-month leave during his mayoral term to deploy to Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a></sup> While there, Buttigieg was part of a unit assigned to identify and disrupt terrorist finance networks. Part of this was done at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bagram_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagram Air Base">Bagram Air Base</a>, but he was also an armed driver for his commander on more than 100 trips into <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>. Buttigieg has jokingly referred to this role as "military <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>", because he had to watch out for ambushes and explosive devices along the roads and ensure that the vehicle was guarded.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn.com_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-61">[60]</a></sup> In order to better communicate with the local Afghans, he learned some <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari</a> (a dialect of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>). Buttigieg was awarded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-:7_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[5]</a></sup> and resigned his commission from the U.S. Navy Reserve in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-abcnewsNavyReserve_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnewsNavyReserve-62">[61]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jamerson_Kesling_2019x_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jamerson_Kesling_2019x-63">[62]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Indiana_state_treasurer_election">Indiana state treasurer election</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indiana state treasurer election">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg was the Democratic nominee for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana_State_Treasurer" title="Indiana State Treasurer">state treasurer of Indiana</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Indiana_State_Treasurer_election" title="2010 Indiana State Treasurer election">2010</a>. He received 37.5% of the vote, losing to Republican incumbent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Mourdock" title="Richard Mourdock">Richard Mourdock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Groppe-190414_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groppe-190414-65">[64]</a></sup>
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<h2><span id="Mayor_of_South_Bend.2C_Indiana"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Mayor_of_South_Bend,_Indiana">Mayor of South Bend, Indiana</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mayor of South Bend, Indiana">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Election_and_transition">Election and transition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Election and transition">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:PeteButtigieg_(1).JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PeteButtigieg_%281%29.JPG/220px-PeteButtigieg_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PeteButtigieg_%281%29.JPG/330px-PeteButtigieg_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PeteButtigieg_%281%29.JPG/440px-PeteButtigieg_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1265" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:PeteButtigieg_(1).JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Buttigieg campaign photo for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana_State_Treasurer" title="Indiana State Treasurer">Indiana State Treasurer</a> in March 2010</div></div></div>
<p>Buttigieg was elected <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor_of_South_Bend" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of South Bend">mayor of South Bend</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_South_Bend,_Indiana_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election">November 2011 election</a>, with 10,991 of the 14,883 votes cast (74%).<sup id="cite_ref-fuller2014_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fuller2014-66">[65]</a></sup> He took office in January 2012 at age 29, becoming the second-youngest mayor in South Bend history—<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax_III" title="Schuyler Colfax III">Schuyler Colfax III</a> became mayor at age 28 in 1898<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a></sup>—and the youngest mayor of a U.S. city with at least 100,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-fuller2014_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fuller2014-66">[65]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2011, as South Bend's mayor-elect, Buttigieg supported <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Broden" title="John Broden">John Broden</a> in his successful bid to become St. Joseph County Democratic Party chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="First_term">First term</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First term">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Policing">Policing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Policing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In 2012, after a federal investigation ruled that South Bend police had illegally recorded telephone calls of several officers, Buttigieg demoted police chief Darryl Boykins.<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup> Buttigieg also dismissed the department's communications director, the one who had actually "discovered the recordings but continued to record the line at Boykins' command".<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup> The police communications director alleged that the recordings captured four senior police officers making racist remarks and discussing illegal acts.<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-71">[70]</a></sup> The city is 26% black, but only 6% of the police force is black.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg has written that his "first serious mistake as mayor" came shortly after taking office in 2012, when he decided to ask for Boykins's resignation. The city's first ever <a href="/enwiki/wiki/African-American_police" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American police">African-American police</a> chief accepted the request. However, the next day, backed by supporters and legal counsel, Boykin requested reinstatement. When Buttigieg denied this request, Boykin sued the city for racial discrimination,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a></sup> arguing that the taping policy had existed under previous police chiefs, who were white.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-74">[73]</a></sup> Buttigieg settled the suits brought by Boykins and the four officers out of court for over $800,000.<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a></sup> A federal judge ruled in 2015 that Boykins's recordings violated the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act" title="Electronic Communications Privacy Act">Federal Wiretap Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-71">[70]</a></sup> Buttigieg came under pressure from political opponents to release the tapes, but said that doing so would be a violation of the Wiretap Act.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-71">[70]</a></sup> He called for the eradication of racial bias in the police force.<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup> An Indiana court is hearing a case for the release of the tapes.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-74">[73]</a></sup>
</p><p>South Bend adopted the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Network_for_Safe_Communities#Group_Violence_Intervention" title="National Network for Safe Communities">National Network for Safe Communities’ Group Violence Intervention approach</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-2015stateofcity_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015stateofcity-76">[75]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Urban_development_and_blight_removal_initiatives">Urban development and blight removal initiatives</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Urban development and blight removal initiatives">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>As mayor, Buttigieg promoted the transformation of the former Studebaker plant location into a technology park named <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ignition_Park" title="Ignition Park">Ignition Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a></sup> He oversaw the city's launching of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/3-1-1" title="3-1-1">3-1-1</a> system in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2013budgetproposal_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013budgetproposal-80">[79]</a></sup>
</p><p>One of the major private developments to go through the city's approval process during Buttigieg's first term was a pair of seven-story condominiums along the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Joseph_River_(Lake_Michigan)" title="St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)">St. Joseph River</a>, across the river from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Century_Center_(South_Bend)" title="Century Center (South Bend)">Century Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-greenlight1_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenlight1-81">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-breaksground1_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-breaksground1-82">[81]</a></sup> In December 2013, the Area Board of Zoning Appeals approved the approximately $38.5 million development.<sup id="cite_ref-greenlight1_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenlight1-81">[80]</a></sup> It broke ground in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-breaksground1_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-breaksground1-82">[81]</a></sup> The city ultimately invested $5 million in related projects, such as an adjoining section of riverwalk.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>As mayor, Buttigieg was a leading figure behind the creation of a nightly laser-light display along downtown South Bend's St. Joseph River trail as public art. The project cost $700,000, which was raised from private funds.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikich_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikich-84">[83]</a></sup> The "River Lights" installation was unveiled in May 2015 as part of the city's 150th anniversary celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup>
</p><p>By the end of Buttigieg's first term, South Bend had sold off 71 city-owned properties.<sup id="cite_ref-mothballednomore_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mothballednomore-85">[84]</a></sup> A significant example was the former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bendix_Corporation" title="Bendix Corporation">Bendix Corporation</a> headquarters and factory, which the city sold to Curtis Products in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-mothballednomore_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mothballednomore-85">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a></sup> In late 2014 and early 2015, South Bend negotiated the sale of the city-owned Blackthorn Golf Course.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sellblackthornwndu1_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sellblackthornwndu1-88">[87]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LaSalle_Hotel_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="LaSalle Hotel (South Bend, Indiana)">LaSalle Hotel</a> was sold to developers in 2015 for conversion into apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-mothballednomore_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mothballednomore-85">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a></sup>
</p><p>In his budget proposal for the 2014 fiscal year, Buttigieg proposed combining South Bend's Code Enforcement, Animal Control, and Building Department into a single Department of Building Services to save costs and improve efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-2013budgetproposal_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013budgetproposal-80">[79]</a></sup> The proposal failed, and the three have remained separate departments.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a></sup>
</p><p>One of Buttigieg's signature programs has been the "Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative"; known locally as "1,000 Properties in 1,000 Days", it is a project to repair or demolish blighted properties across South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-VAHI_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VAHI-91">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a></sup> The program reached its goal two months before its scheduled end date in November 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a></sup> By the thousandth day of the program, before Buttigieg's first term ended, nearly 40% of the targeted houses were repaired, and 679 were demolished or under contract for demolition.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a></sup> Buttigieg took note of the fact that many homes within communities of color were the ones demolished, leading to early distrust between the city and these communities.<sup id="cite_ref-vox_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-95">[94]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Service_in_Afghanistan">Service in Afghanistan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Service in Afghanistan">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Buttigieg served for seven months in Afghanistan as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy Reserve, returning to the United States on September 23, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-ReturntoUSA_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReturntoUSA-96">[95]</a></sup> While deployed, he was assigned to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afghan_Threat_Finance_Cell" title="Afghan Threat Finance Cell">Afghan Threat Finance Cell</a>, a counterterrorism unit that targeted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a> financing.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a></sup> In his absence, Deputy Mayor Mark Neal, South Bend's city <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comptroller#United_States" title="Comptroller">comptroller</a>, served as executive from February 2014 until Buttigieg returned to his role as mayor in October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-fuller2014_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fuller2014-66">[65]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReturntoUSA_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReturntoUSA-96">[95]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="RFRA_opposition">RFRA opposition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: RFRA opposition">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In 2015, during the controversy over <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act_(Indiana)" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)">Indiana Senate Bill 101</a>—the original version of which was widely criticized for allowing discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people—Buttigieg emerged as a leading opponent of the legislation. Before his reelection campaign, he came out as gay to express his solidarity with the LGBTQ community.<sup id="cite_ref-2015gay_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015gay-7">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other">Other</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In 2014, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> called Buttigieg "the most interesting mayor you've never heard of" based on his youth, education, and military background.<sup id="cite_ref-fuller2014_66-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fuller2014-66">[65]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Second_term">Second term</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Second term">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:217px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg/215px-Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg/323px-Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg/430px-Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Downtown_South_Bend_from_South_East.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend</a> 150th Anniversary festivities, where Buttigieg performed live with singer-songwriter <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Folds" title="Ben Folds">Ben Folds</a></div></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Reelection_in_2015">Reelection in 2015</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reelection in 2015">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In 2014, Buttigieg announced that he would seek a second term.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a></sup> He won the Democratic primary with 78% of the vote, defeating Henry Davis Jr., the city councilman from the Second District.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a></sup> In November 2015, he was elected to his second term as mayor with over 80% of the vote, defeating Republican Kelly Jones by a margin of 8,515 to 2,074 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a></sup>
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<h4><span id="Housing.2C_transportation.2C_parks.2C_and_infrastructure"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Housing,_transportation,_parks,_and_infrastructure">Housing, transportation, parks, and infrastructure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Housing, transportation, parks, and infrastructure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In a new phase of the Vacant and Abandoned Properties Initiative, South Bend partnered with the Notre Dame Clinical Law Center to provide free legal assistance to qualifying applicants wishing to acquire vacant lots and, with local nonprofits, to repair or construct homes and provide low-income home ownership assistance using South Bend HUD (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing and Urban Development">Housing and Urban Development</a>) funds.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></sup> He increased city funding levels for home construction and improvement in the 2018 South Bend budget via several programs, including the UEA (Urban Enterprise Association) Pilot Home Repair Program, a grant intended to improve low-income residents' quality of life.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sikich_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikich-84">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2013, Buttigieg proposed a "Smart Streets" urban development program to improve South Bend's downtown area,<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup> and in early 2015—after traffic studies and public hearings—he secured a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bond_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Bond issue">bond issue</a> for the program backed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_increment_financing" title="Tax increment financing">tax increment financing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blasko_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blasko-108">[107]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ParrottSmart_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParrottSmart-109">[108]</a></sup> "Smart Streets" was aimed at improving economic development and urban vibrancy as well as road safety.<sup id="cite_ref-Vibrant_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vibrant-110">[109]</a></sup> The project involved the conversion of one-way streets in downtown to two-way streets, traffic-calming measures, the widening of sidewalks, streetside beautification (including the planting of trees and installation of decorative brickwork), the addition of bike lanes<sup id="cite_ref-ParrottSmart_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParrottSmart-109">[108]</a></sup> and the introduction of roundabouts.<sup id="cite_ref-Vibrant_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vibrant-110">[109]</a></sup> Elements of the project were finished in 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-TimelineCareer_70-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimelineCareer-70">[69]</a></sup> and it was officially completed in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Vibrant_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vibrant-110">[109]</a></sup> The project was credited with spurring private development in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-ParrottSmart_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParrottSmart-109">[108]</a></sup>
</p><p>Under Buttigieg, South Bend invested $50 million in the city's parks, many of which had been neglected during the preceding decades;<sup id="cite_ref-Sikich_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikich-84">[83]</a></sup> the city also began a "smart sewer" program, the first phase of which was finished in 2017 at a cost of $150 million.<sup id="cite_ref-howhassoutbendchanged_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-111">[110]</a></sup> The effort utilized federal funds<sup id="cite_ref-madecheaper_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madecheaper-112">[111]</a></sup> and by 2019 had reduced the combined sewer overflow by 75%.<sup id="cite_ref-howhassoutbendchanged_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-111">[110]</a></sup> The impetus for the effort was a fine that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a> had levied against the city in 2011 for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act</a> violations.<sup id="cite_ref-howhassoutbendchanged_111-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-111">[110]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 2019, the city had seen $374 million in private investment for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use developments</a> since Buttigieg had taken office.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sikich_84-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikich-84">[83]</a></sup> In 2016, the City of South Bend partnered with the State of Indiana and private developers to break ground on a $165 million renovation of the former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> complex, with the aim to make the complex home to tech companies and residential condos.<sup id="cite_ref-swoon_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swoon-114">[113]</a></sup> This development is in the so-called "Renaissance District", which includes nearby Ignition Park.<sup id="cite_ref-howhassoutbendchanged_111-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-111">[110]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a></sup> In 2017, it was announced that the long-abandoned Studebaker Building 84 (also known as "Ivy Tower") would have its exterior renovated with $3.5 million in Regional Cities funds from the State of Indiana and $3.5 million from South Bend tax increment financing, with plans for the building and other structures in its complex to serve as a technology hub.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></sup> While many aspects of South Bend had improved by 2016, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> study found that the rate of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">evictions</a> in the city had worsened, more than doubling since Buttigieg took office.<sup id="cite_ref-howhassoutbendchanged_111-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howhassoutbendchanged-111">[110]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2019, Buttigieg launched the South Bend Home Repair initiative. This expanded the existing South Bend Home Repair Pilot, which helps make available funds to assist residents with home repairs, through the use of $600,000 in city funding (double what the city had earlier pledged to the program) and $300,000 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Block_grants" class="mw-redirect" title="Block grants">block grants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jan152019_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan152019-117">[116]</a></sup> It also created two new programs. The first of these is the South Bend Green Corps, which makes funds available to lower-income homeowners for such uses as energy-saving measures and basic weatherization, the installation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smoke_detector" title="Smoke detector">smoke</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_detector" title="Carbon monoxide detector">carbon monoxide</a> detectors, lead tests, and energy bill review. It also provides education on reducing energy bills.<sup id="cite_ref-jan152019_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan152019-117">[116]</a></sup> The South Bend Green Corps was funded with $290,000 from the city and $150,000 from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AmeriCorps" title="AmeriCorps">AmeriCorps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jan152019_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan152019-117">[116]</a></sup> The second program is Love Your Block, which assists citizen groups and local nonprofits in revitalizing neighborhoods, and which was funded with $25,000 from the city and $25,000 from the nonprofit Cities of Service.<sup id="cite_ref-jan152019_117-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan152019-117">[116]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg had been arranging a deal under which the city's parks department would sell Elbel Golf Course to developers for $747,500.<sup id="cite_ref-elbeljan2016_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elbeljan2016-118">[117]</a></sup> In January 2016, amid public pressure, the city dropped the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-elbeljan2016_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elbeljan2016-118">[117]</a></sup> The idea had been floated in 2014, when the city was exploring selling the Blackthorn golf course,<sup id="cite_ref-sellblackthornwndu1_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sellblackthornwndu1-88">[87]</a></sup> but began to gain momentum in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-elbelmarch2015_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elbelmarch2015-119">[118]</a></sup> Buttigieg had justified the plan to sell the city-owned golf course by claiming that residents found <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> to be a low priority, that the course had failed to turn a profit for over five years, and that the city was subsidizing rounds of golf at about $2 per round.<sup id="cite_ref-elbeljan2016_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elbeljan2016-118">[117]</a></sup> Buttigieg characterized the course as a drain on the city's finances.<sup id="cite_ref-elbelmarch2015_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elbelmarch2015-119">[118]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></sup> Opposition arose, with concerns that the sale would limit public access to the land and endanger the protection of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a> surrounding it.<sup id="cite_ref-elbeljan2016_118-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elbeljan2016-118">[117]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></sup> At 313 acres (127 ha),<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a></sup> Elbel constituted the city's largest park.<sup id="cite_ref-sellblackthornwndu1_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sellblackthornwndu1-88">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-klee1_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klee1-124">[123]</a></sup> The park, while owned by the city, is outside city boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-sellblackthornwndu1_88-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sellblackthornwndu1-88">[87]</a></sup> The original plan Buttigieg outlined for the sale would have allowed it to be developed freely by the buyer.<sup id="cite_ref-klee1_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klee1-124">[123]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg supported a proposed high-rise development in South Bend's East Bank neighborhood<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a></sup> that would greatly exceed the existing height ordinances.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-feb272017_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feb272017-128">[127]</a></sup> In the weeks after the Common Council voted against the development in December 2016, Buttigieg and his administration negotiated a new compromise plan with the developer, Matthews LLC, that reduced the height from twelve stories to nine.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a></sup> In January 2017, the Common Council voted to approve a ten-year <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_holiday" title="Tax holiday">tax abatement</a> for the $35 million development.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a></sup> In February, the Common Council raised the height limits for the East Bank neighborhood to facilitate the development.<sup id="cite_ref-feb272017_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feb272017-128">[127]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></sup> The city later committed $5 million in tax increment financing to the project.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2019, the city of South Bend finalized a long-anticipated agreement with St. Joseph County to jointly fund the county's $18 million share of the project to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Double-track_railway" title="Double-track railway">double-track</a> the South Shore Line.<sup id="cite_ref-sbtdowntownstation1_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbtdowntownstation1-133">[132]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a></sup>
</p><p>Beginning in August 2018, Buttigieg promoted the idea of moving the city's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Shore_Line" title="South Shore Line">South Shore Line</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_Airport_station" title="South Bend Airport station">station</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_International_Airport" title="South Bend International Airport">South Bend International Airport</a> to the city's downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-sbtdowntownstation1_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbtdowntownstation1-133">[132]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sbtdowntownstation1_133-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbtdowntownstation1-133">[132]</a></sup> He made it a goal to have the city complete this project by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-engineeringstudy_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engineeringstudy-135">[134]</a></sup> Buttigieg's earlier budgets had allotted funding to the existing South Shore Relocation project,<sup id="cite_ref-2018budgetproposalwsbt_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018budgetproposalwsbt-136">[135]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a></sup> which would have moved the station to a different end of the South Bend International Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a></sup> Buttigieg's new push for a downtown station engendered suggestions of other possible locations. Buttigieg ordered a study of five location options, including his personally preferred downtown option, as well as two that would keep the station at the airport.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a></sup> Of the five, the downtown location was found to be the priciest, but also the one with the greatest potential economic impact.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a></sup> In December 2018, an engineering study was commissioned to further examine the cost of a downtown station.<sup id="cite_ref-engineeringstudy_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engineeringstudy-135">[134]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019, South Bend launched Commuters Trust, a new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Employer_transportation_benefits_in_the_United_States" title="Employer transportation benefits in the United States">transportation benefit program</a> created in collaboration with local employers and transportation providers (including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_TRANSPO" title="South Bend TRANSPO">South Bend TRANSPO</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a>) and made possible by a $1 million three-year grant from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomberg_Philanthropies" title="Bloomberg Philanthropies">Bloomberg Philanthropies</a> Mayors Challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a></sup>
</p><p>During Buttigieg's tenure, Downtown South Bend saw roughly $200 million in private investment.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Police_and_fire_services">Police and fire services</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Police and fire services">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In late September 2017, in his budget proposal for the 2020 fiscal year, Buttigieg sought Common Council approval to create the new position of Director of Public Safety, which would have oversight over the city's fire and police chiefs.<sup id="cite_ref-safetydivision1_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safetydivision1-144">[143]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-psd1_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psd1-145">[144]</a></sup> Such a position had existed in South Bend during the mayoralties of Jerry Miller and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Nemeth_(politician)" title="Peter Nemeth (politician)">Peter Nemeth</a>; Nemeth eliminated the position in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-psd2_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psd2-146">[145]</a></sup> Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year earmarked $105,000 for the position's salary, which was more than the salary of the fire chief or police chief at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-psd1_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psd1-145">[144]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-psd2_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psd2-146">[145]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></sup> The plan was opposed by members of the fire and police forces, including the local <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fraternal_Order_of_Police" title="Fraternal Order of Police">Fraternal Order of Police</a> lodge.<sup id="cite_ref-psd2_146-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psd2-146">[145]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-safetydivision1_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safetydivision1-144">[143]</a></sup> Criticisms included claims that it was unfair to both the fire and police chiefs to create an additional layer of bureaucracy between them and the mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-psd2_146-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psd2-146">[145]</a></sup> The Common Council rejected Buttigieg's proposal,<sup id="cite_ref-safetydivision1_144-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safetydivision1-144">[143]</a></sup> and he rescinded the request.<sup id="cite_ref-2019budgetsbt1_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019budgetsbt1-148">[147]</a></sup> In late October 2019, it was announced that the South Bend Mayor's Office would have a slightly different new division, the Division of Community Initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-divisionofcommunityinitiatives1_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divisionofcommunityinitiatives1-149">[148]</a></sup> This is budgeted to be launched in 2020, when Buttigieg's successor will take office. Buttigieg supported this department's creation.<sup id="cite_ref-divisionofcommunityinitiatives1_149-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divisionofcommunityinitiatives1-149">[148]</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2018, South Bend sent roughly 20 members of its fire department's Swift Water Rescue Group to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>, to assist in anticipation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hurricane_Florence" title="Hurricane Florence">Hurricane Florence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></sup>
</p><p>After a white South Bend police officer shot and killed Eric Logan, an African-American man, in June 2019, Buttigieg was drawn from his presidential campaign to focus on the emerging public reaction. Body cameras were not turned on during Logan's death.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-152">[151]</a></sup> Soon after Logan's death, Buttigieg presided over a town hall attended by disaffected activists from the African-American community as well as relatives of the deceased man. The local police union accused Buttigieg of making decisions for political gain.<sup id="cite_ref-Gabriel-190624_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabriel-190624-153">[152]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Steinhauser-190625_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steinhauser-190625-154">[153]</a></sup> In November 2019, Buttigieg secured $180,000 to commission a review of South Bend's police department policies and practices to be conducted by Chicago-based consulting firm 21CP Solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></sup>
</p><p>During Buttigieg's tenure, the city's police force continued to struggle with a high homicide rate; the annual number of murders in South Bend was 18 in 2012, 9 in 2013, 17 in 2014, 7 in 2015, 14 in 2016, 15 in 2017, and 13 in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_civic_matters">Other civic matters</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other civic matters">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included items to address various public health concerns,<sup id="cite_ref-budgetproposalfor2018a_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budgetproposalfor2018a-157">[156]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2018budgetproposalwsbt_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018budgetproposalwsbt-136">[135]</a></sup> including funding for a "healthy homes" program,<sup id="cite_ref-budgetproposalfor2018a_157-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budgetproposalfor2018a-157">[156]</a></sup> which was ultimately included in the 2018 budget approved by the Common Council.<sup id="cite_ref-2018sbbudget_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018sbbudget-158">[157]</a></sup> Buttigieg also made a request for $24 million to fund new green spaces in the city<sup id="cite_ref-budgetproposalfor2018a_157-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budgetproposalfor2018a-157">[156]</a></sup> that was ultimately excluded from the budget.<sup id="cite_ref-2018sbbudget_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018sbbudget-158">[157]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year included $156,000 for paid <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">parental leave</a> to city employees.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg had expressed his openness to a proposal by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pokagon_Band_of_Potawatomi_Indians" title="Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians">Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians</a> to open a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_American_gaming" title="Native American gaming">tribal casino</a> in South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-blaskocasino1_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blaskocasino1-163">[162]</a></sup> The Common Council approved a casino deal in April 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-blaskocasino1_163-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blaskocasino1-163">[162]</a></sup> and the Pokagon Band received federal clearance to put the land into a required trust in November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></sup> Under a revenue-sharing agreement that the Pokagon Band voluntarily entered into with the city, the city receives the greater of 2% of the casino's annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indian_Gaming_Regulatory_Act#Class_II" title="Indian Gaming Regulatory Act">Class II</a> gaming revenues or either $1 million or $2 million (depending on the number of games at the casino).<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></sup> The casino opened in January 2018 as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Winds_Casinos" title="Four Winds Casinos">Four Winds</a> South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2018, Women's Care Center, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crisis_pregnancy_center" title="Crisis pregnancy center">crisis pregnancy center</a> chain, petitioned the city to allow it to rezone a residential property to allow it to open a location adjacent to a planned Whole Woman's Health <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abortion_clinic" title="Abortion clinic">abortion clinic</a> (which would be the only abortion clinic in the city, which had been without one since 2015).<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> The rezoning case became a flashpoint between local <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">anti-abortion</a> activists supporting the rezoning and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_abortion-rights_movement" title="United States abortion-rights movement">abortion-rights</a> activists opposing it.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> In April 2018, the city council voted 5-4 to allow the rezoning.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> The group Pro Choice South Bend, which opposed the rezoning, organized a letter-writing campaign and other efforts to urge Buttigieg to use his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> power to block the rezoning.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a></sup> Amid this, Buttigieg's office reportedly reached out to Whole Woman's Health Alliance and discussed various concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> Four days after the Common Council's vote to approve the rezoning, Buttigieg vetoed it, in a decision he described as "one of the hardest decisions I've ever made" as mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> In a letter to Common Council members, Buttigieg said he was persuaded by data provided by the abortion clinic showing that there were higher rates of threats, harassment, and violence at abortion clinics near crisis pregnancy centers, but was careful not to criticize the crisis pregnancy center, writing that he believed that representatives of both the abortion clinic and the crisis pregnancy center "are good residents who seek to support women by providing services consistent with their values."<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> In a press conference he held to explain his veto, he declared, "Issues on the morality or the legality of abortion are dramatically beyond my pay grade as mayor. For us this is a neighborhood issue, and it’s a zoning issue."<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> In mid-May 2018, Buttigieg said he was willing to work with Women's Care Center to find a different location in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> Women's Care Center eventually opened at a location across the street from the planned abortion clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup> When Buttigieg ran for president, some criticized his assistance to Women's Care Center as a failure to stick strongly to his abortion-rights position.<sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup>
</p><p>Also in 2018, Buttigieg explored <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Municipal_annexation_in_the_United_States" title="Municipal annexation in the United States">annexing</a> several areas bordering the city<sup id="cite_ref-growthbeyondwithin_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-growthbeyondwithin-173">[172]</a></sup> and redrawing the boundaries of several of the city's tax increment financing districts to better serve neighborhoods that had not benefited from redevelopment.<sup id="cite_ref-growthbeyondwithin_173-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-growthbeyondwithin-173">[172]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2018, South Bend pledged a $3.7 million bond issue to assist the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Potawatomi_Zoo" title="Potawatomi Zoo">Potawatomi Zoo</a> in funding its renovations.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></sup> In September, it was announced that the zoo renovation had obtained additional funding from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="Indiana Economic Development Corporation">Indiana Economic Development Corporation</a>'s Regional Cities Initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2018, Buttigieg declared an intent to include a focus on neighborhoods in his budget proposal for the 2019 fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-sbt2019budgetpropsoal1_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbt2019budgetpropsoal1-176">[175]</a></sup> In addition to improvements to infrastructure, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Street_light" title="Street light">streetlights</a>, Buttigieg also promoted the expansion of the city's Group Violence Intervention efforts, which he believed were showing success at reducing violent crime among the city's youth.<sup id="cite_ref-sbt2019budgetpropsoal1_176-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbt2019budgetpropsoal1-176">[175]</a></sup> The Common Council approved many of Buttigieg's requests in its 2019 budget.<sup id="cite_ref-2019budgetsbt1_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019budgetsbt1-148">[147]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Speculations_about_higher_office_and_national_political_involvement">Speculations about higher office and national political involvement</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Speculations about higher office and national political involvement">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Ahead of the 2016 election cycle, Buttigieg declined to run in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2016 United States Senate election in Indiana">United States Senate election in Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pickfight_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickfight-177">[176]</a></sup> He later campaigned on behalf of Democratic Senate nominee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a></sup> He criticized Bayh's opponent, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Todd Young</a>, for having voiced support in 2010 for retaining the military's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">don't ask, don't tell</a> policy, which Bayh had <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010" title="Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010">voted to repeal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a></sup> In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016 Democratic presidential primaries</a>, Buttigieg endorsed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a></sup> He also endorsed Democratic nominee Lynn Coleman in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">that year's election</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 2nd congressional district">Indiana's 2nd congressional district</a>, which includes South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2016, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> columnist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Bruni" title="Frank Bruni">Frank Bruni</a> published a column praising Buttigieg's work as mayor with a headline asking if he might be "the first gay president".<sup id="cite_ref-FrankBruni_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrankBruni-182">[181]</a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> was cited as mentioning him as one of the Democratic Party's talents in a profile on the former president conducted by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a></sup>
</p><p>For the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterms</a>, Buttigieg founded the political action committee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hitting_Home_PAC" title="Hitting Home PAC">Hitting Home PAC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></sup> That October, Buttigieg personally endorsed 21 congressional candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-indianapolismonthlynovember2018_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianapolismonthlynovember2018-185">[184]</a></sup> He also later endorsed Mel Hall, Democratic nominee in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana#District_2" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">the election</a> for Indiana's 2nd congressional district.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a></sup> Buttigieg also campaigned in support of Joe Donnelly's reelection campaign in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2018 United States Senate election in Indiana">United States Senate election in Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a></sup> Buttigieg campaigned for candidates in more than a dozen states, including early presidential primary states such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, a move indicating potential interest in running for president.<sup id="cite_ref-indianapolismonthlynovember2018_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianapolismonthlynovember2018-185">[184]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Succession_as_mayor">Succession as mayor</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Succession as mayor">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In December 2018, Buttigieg announced that he would not seek a third term as mayor of South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a></sup> In February 2019, Buttigieg endorsed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Mueller_(mayor)" title="James Mueller (mayor)">James Mueller</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_South_Bend,_Indiana_mayoral_election" title="2019 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election">2019 South Bend mayoral election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sbt1_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbt1-189">[188]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></sup> Mueller was a high-school classmate of Buttigieg's and his mayoral chief of staff, and later executive director of the South Bend Department of Community Investment.<sup id="cite_ref-sbt1_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbt1-189">[188]</a></sup> Mueller's campaign promised to continue the progress that had been made under Buttigieg's mayoralty.<sup id="cite_ref-abc57a_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc57a-191">[190]</a></sup> Buttigieg appeared in campaign ads for Mueller and donated to Mueller's campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></sup> Mueller won the May 2019 Democratic primary with 37% of the vote in a crowded field.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sbt1_189-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbt1-189">[188]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></sup> In the November 2019 general election, Mueller defeated Republican nominee Sean M. Haas with 63% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a></sup> Mueller took office on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTsuccessor_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTsuccessor-16">[15]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="2017_DNC_chair_election">2017 DNC chair election</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2017 DNC chair election">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In January 2017, Buttigieg announced his candidacy for chair of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> in its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017 chairmanship election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a></sup> He built a national profile as an emerging dark horse in the race for the chairmanship with the backing of former DNC chairman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> governor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a>, Indiana senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Joe Donnelly</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heidi_Heitkamp" title="Heidi Heitkamp">Heidi Heitkamp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Seitz-Wald_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seitz-Wald-198">[197]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fritze_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fritze-199">[198]</a></sup> Buttigieg "campaigned on the idea that the aging Democratic Party needed to empower its millennial members".<sup id="cite_ref-Seitz-Wald_198-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seitz-Wald-198">[197]</a></sup>
</p><p>Former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">U.S. secretary of labor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Tom Perez</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keith_Ellison" title="Keith Ellison">Keith Ellison</a> quickly emerged as the favored candidates of a majority of DNC members. Buttigieg withdrew from the race on the day of the election without endorsing a candidate, and Perez was elected chair after two rounds of voting.<sup id="cite_ref-Seitz-Wald_198-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seitz-Wald-198">[197]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="2020_presidential_election">2020 presidential election</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2020 presidential election">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:217px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg/215px-PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg/323px-PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg/430px-PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4982" data-file-height="3321" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:PeteButtigieg2020SBI.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Buttigieg announcing his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">candidacy for President in 2020</a> on April 14, 2019</div></div></div>
<p>On January 23, 2019, Buttigieg announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to run for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> in the upcoming <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNExploratory_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNExploratory-200">[199]</a></sup> Buttigieg is seeking the Democratic Party nomination for president.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-202">[201]</a></sup> If elected, he would be the youngest and first openly gay American president.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNExploratory_200-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNExploratory-200">[199]</a></sup> Buttigieg officially launched his campaign on April 14, 2019, in South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-Segran-190414_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segran-190414-9">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNPeteAnnounce_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNPeteAnnounce-203">[202]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg describes himself as a progressive and a supporter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">democratic capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beauchamp_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp-204">[203]</a></sup> Historian David Mislin identifies Buttigieg as a pragmatic progressive in the tradition of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a> movement once strong in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a></sup> Buttigieg identifies <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regulatory_capture" title="Regulatory capture">regulatory capture</a> as a significant problem in American society.<sup id="cite_ref-Beauchamp_204-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beauchamp-204">[203]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early February 2020, Buttigieg led the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Iowa_Democratic_caucuses" title="2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses">2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses</a> results with 26.2% to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>’ 26.1%, winning 14 delegates to Sanders’s 12.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBTQ_Victory_Fund" title="LGBTQ Victory Fund">LGBTQ Victory Fund</a>, Buttigieg’s first national endorsement,<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">[b]</a></sup> noted the historical first of an LGBTQ candidate winning a state presidential primary.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_positions">Political positions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Political positions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">Political positions of Pete Buttigieg</a></div>
<table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="Unbalanced scales.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talk:Rat_Man##" title="Talk:Rat Man">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Abortion">Abortion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Abortion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg supports <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abortion_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion rights">abortion rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-210">[208]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a></sup> and the repeal of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyde_Amendment" title="Hyde Amendment">Hyde Amendment</a>, which blocks federal funding for abortion services in all but the most extreme circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a></sup> In 2018, as mayor, Buttigieg vetoed a South Bend Common Council rezoning decision that would have allowed an anti-abortion <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crisis_pregnancy_center" title="Crisis pregnancy center">crisis pregnancy center</a> to open next door to a planned abortion clinic.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abortiondodged_171-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abortiondodged-171">[170]</a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2019, after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alabama_Legislature" title="Alabama Legislature">Alabama Legislature</a> passed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_Life_Protection_Act" title="Human Life Protection Act">legislation outlawing virtually all abortion services in the state</a>, Buttigieg said that it was "ignoring science, criminalizing abortion, and punishing women".<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate_change">Climate change</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Climate change">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_(48891405907).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg/220px-Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg/330px-Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg/440px-Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_%2848891405907%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5263" data-file-height="3509" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Mayor_Pete_at_Roosevelt_High_School_(48891405907).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Buttigieg at a town hall meeting on October 12, 2019 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Des_Moines" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Moines">Des Moines</a> with supporters holding signs saying Climate is a Crisis.</div></div></div>
<p>Buttigieg released a plan to combat <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change">climate change</a> consisting of three parts: building a clean economy through the creation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">clean energy</a> jobs; improving <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_resilience" title="Climate resilience">resilience</a> by investing in disaster relief and prevention; and heightening the United States' role in the international fight against climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-climateplan_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climateplan-215">[213]</a></sup> His proposal sets benchmarks of doubling clean electricity in the U.S. by 2025, zero emissions in electricity generation by 2035, net-zero emissions from industrial vehicles by 2040, and net-zero emissions by 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-climateplan_215-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climateplan-215">[213]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg has said that, if elected, he will restore the United States' commitment to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paris_Climate_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Climate Agreement">Paris Climate Agreement</a> and double its pledge to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Climate_Fund" title="Green Climate Fund">Green Climate Fund</a>. In June 2017, he was one of 407 U.S. mayors who signed a pact to adhere to the agreement after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="President Trump">President Trump</a> announced his decision to withdraw from it.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-216">[214]</a></sup> Buttigieg also supports the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a> proposed by House Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-Janes-190316_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janes-190316-217">[215]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg favors <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panel</a> subsidies and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">carbon tax and dividend</a> policy to reduce <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Criminal_justice">Criminal justice</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Criminal justice">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg supports eliminating the death penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-Steinhauser-190404_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steinhauser-190404-221">[219]</a></sup> On marijuana, Buttigieg has supported <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Canada-style legalization</a>, saying: "The safe, regulated, and legal sale of marijuana is an idea whose time has come for the United States, as evidenced by voters demanding legalization in states across the country."<sup id="cite_ref-Martin-190226_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-190226-222">[220]</a></sup> He supports moving toward reversing criminal sentences for minor drug-related offenses,<sup id="cite_ref-Higgins-190404_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higgins-190404-223">[221]</a></sup> and eliminating incarceration for drug possession offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a></sup> Though acknowledging the problematic nature of the disparity in black and white marijuana arrests, South Bend's black residents were 4.3 times likelier under Buttigieg to be arrested for Cannabis possession than white residents. This represents a rate higher than Indiana (3.5 times likelier) and the U.S. (3 times likelier).<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019, Buttigieg called for the U.S. to "decriminalize mental illness and addiction through diversion, treatment, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prisoner_reentry" title="Prisoner reentry">re-entry</a> programs" with a goal of decreasing "the number of people incarcerated due to mental illness or substance use by 75% in the first term."<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-228">[226]</a></sup>
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<h3><span id="Economy.2C_commerce.2C_and_workers.E2.80.99_rights"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy,_commerce,_and_workers’_rights">Economy, commerce, and workers’ rights</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy, commerce, and workers’ rights">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_(48646620607).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg/220px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg/330px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg/440px-Pete_Buttigieg_%2848646620607%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="3697" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pete_Buttigieg_(48646620607).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Buttigieg speaking at the 2019 Iowa Federation of Labor Convention.</div></div></div>
<p>Buttigieg has frequently pointed to automation as the chief cause of the great loss of manufacturing jobs nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a></sup> He has spoken of the need to work with labor unions.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a></sup> As a self-proclaimed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">democratic capitalist</a>, Buttigieg rejects <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">crony capitalism</a> and supports a constitutional amendment to protect democracy from the undue and corrupting influence of money in politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner-190320_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-190320-231">[229]</a></sup> He is receptive to the possibility of antitrust actions against large technology companies but more focused on privacy and data security concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-Lizza-190302_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lizza-190302-232">[230]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2010, Buttigieg praised the passage of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a></sup>
</p><p>While running for Indiana state treasurer in 2010, Buttigieg described his record as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">fiscally conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-timesunion2march_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesunion2march-39">[38]</a></sup> and supported the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act" title="Community Reinvestment Act">Community Reinvestment Act</a> (CRA), proposing that Indiana choose to deposit state funds in banks that were compliant with CRA obligations.<sup id="cite_ref-Dick_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dick-234">[232]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a></sup>
</p><p>In July 2019, Buttigieg released a plan to strengthen union bargaining power, to raise the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wage</a> to $15, and to offer national paid family leave.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education_2">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg's education plan includes a $700 billion investment in universal full-day child care and pre-K for all children from infancy to age 5.<sup id="cite_ref-mainsiteedu_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainsiteedu-237">[235]</a></sup> Buttigieg also wants to triple Title I funding for schools.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a></sup> Other goals include doubling the amount of new teachers of color in the next 10 years, addressing school segregation with a $500 million fund, paying teachers more, expanding mental health services in schools, and creating more after-school programs and summer learning opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-mainsiteedu_237-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainsiteedu-237">[235]</a></sup>
</p><p>His plan for debt-free college partially involves expanding Pell Grants for low and middle-income students, as well as other investments and ending Trump's tax cuts for the wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a></sup> Under his plan, the bottom 80% of students would get free college, with the other 20% paying some or all of the tuition themselves on a sliding scale.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections_and_voting_rights">Elections and voting rights</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Elections and voting rights">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg favors the abolition of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-241">[239]</a></sup> He has also called for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Felony_disenfranchisement_in_the_United_States" title="Felony disenfranchisement in the United States">restoring voting rights to felons</a> who have completed their prison sentences,<sup id="cite_ref-Higgins-190404_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higgins-190404-223">[221]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a></sup> and made election security a primary part of his platform.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foreign_policy_and_national_security">Foreign policy and national security</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Foreign policy and national security">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg has said that he believes the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan</a> following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> was justified<sup id="cite_ref-Lizza-190302_232-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lizza-190302-232">[230]</a></sup> but now supports withdrawing American troops from the region with a maintained intelligence presence.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_216-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-216">[214]</a></sup> He is a committed supporter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ward-190403_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-190403-244">[242]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nahmias_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nahmias-245">[243]</a></sup> favors a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli-Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli-Palestinian conflict">Israeli-Palestinian conflict</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nahmias_245-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nahmias-245">[243]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a></sup> opposes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank">proposals for Israel to annex</a> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nahmias_245-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nahmias-245">[243]</a></sup> and disapproves of Israeli prime minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s comments in support of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli_law_in_the_West_Bank_settlements" title="Israeli law in the West Bank settlements">applying Israeli law</a> in Jewish settlements in the West Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a></sup>
</p><p>Regarding the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis">2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis</a>, Buttigieg told <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i> that as a supporter of free and fair elections, he is amenable to potential sanctions but not a military intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a></sup> On June 11, 2019, Buttigieg said: "We will remain open to working with a regime like the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the benefit of the American people. But we can no longer sell out our deepest values for the sake of fossil fuel access and lucrative business deals."<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a></sup> Buttigieg supports ending U.S. support for Saudi Arabia in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg has condemned <a href="/enwiki/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> for its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xinjiang_re-education_camps" title="Xinjiang re-education camps">mass detention of ethnic Uyghurs</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, calling it a "a shocking, merciless campaign to erase the religious and ethnic identity of millions" that the U.S. should stand against.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a></sup> He criticized Trump's decision to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">withdraw U.S. troops from Syria</a>, which critics say gave <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> the green light to launch its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">military offensive</a> against Syrian Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019, Buttigieg said he was "troubled" by President Obama's 2017 decision to commute the sentence of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chelsea_Manning" title="Chelsea Manning">Chelsea Manning</a>, who was convicted of disclosing classified documents to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>. He also gave a mixed evaluation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>'s disclosure of classified information, saying, "we've learned things about abuses and that one way or another that needed to come out", but that "the way for that to come out is through Congressional oversight, not through a breach of classified information".<sup id="cite_ref-Dorsey_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorsey-253">[251]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Health care">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg opposed Republican <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Efforts_to_repeal_the_Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Efforts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">efforts</a> to repeal the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-swoon_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swoon-114">[113]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2018, Buttigieg said he favored <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_National_Health_Care_Act" title="United States National Health Care Act">Medicare for All</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a></sup> During his presidential campaign, Buttigieg has promoted "Medicare for All Who Want It" (a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_option" class="mw-redirect" title="Public option">public option</a> for health insurance).<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JuneDebateTran_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JuneDebateTran-257">[255]</a></sup> He has spoken favorably of Maryland's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/All-payer_rate_setting" title="All-payer rate setting">all-payer rate setting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSPAN_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSPAN-258">[256]</a></sup> Buttigieg has described "Medicare for All Who Want It" as inclusive, more efficient than the current system, and a possible precursor or "glide path" to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Single-payer_health_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health insurance">single-payer health insurance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSPAN_258-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSPAN-258">[256]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JuneDebateTran_257-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JuneDebateTran-257">[255]</a></sup> He also favors a partial expansion of Medicare that would allow Americans ages 50 to 64 to buy into Medicare, and supports proposed legislation (the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act), that would "create a fund to guarantee up to 12 weeks of partial income for workers to care for newborn children or family members with serious illnesses."<sup id="cite_ref-WaPoHealthCare_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoHealthCare-259">[257]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2019, Buttigieg released a $300 billion plan to expand mental health care services and fight addiction.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_228-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-228">[226]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Immigration">Immigration</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg supports <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals</a> (DACA) and has drawn attention to the Trump administration's aggressive deportation policies. He defended a resident of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Granger,_Indiana" title="Granger, Indiana">Granger, Indiana</a>, who was deported after living in the U.S. for 17 years despite regularly checking in with ICE and applying for a green card.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg has said Trump has been reckless in sending American troops to the southern border and that it is a measure of last resort.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>If elected, Buttigieg has pledged about $1 trillion for various infrastructure projects, over the next 10 years. He estimates this funding would create at least 6,000,000 jobs. Many of the planned projects have environmental goals such as reliance on green energy. Other goals include protecting tap water from lead, fixing roads and bridges, improving public transportation, repairing schools, guaranteeing broadband internet access, and preparing communities for floods and other natural disasters.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Judicial_issues">Judicial issues</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Judicial issues">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg has expressed support for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> structural reform, emphasizing depoliticization and suggesting the court be expanded to 15 members, five of whom would be selected only by unanimous consensus of the other ten.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_241-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-241">[239]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Donald_Trump">Donald Trump</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Donald Trump">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg supported the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump</a>, saying, "He's made it clear that he deserves to be impeached."<sup id="cite_ref-Deadline_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deadline-266">[264]</a></sup> But he has also said there would be "a lot of benefit" if Trump were defeated in 2020 instead of being removed from office via the impeachment process,<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a></sup> and that the only true resolution would be to defeat Trump, along with his Republican "enablers" in Congress, in his bid for reelection.<sup id="cite_ref-Deadline_266-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deadline-266">[264]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Racial_equality">Racial equality</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Racial equality">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In May 2019, Buttigieg warned that President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and his administration were using white identity politics, which he identified as the most divisive form of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a></sup> In July 2019, he shared his "Douglass Plan", named after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionist</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>, to address systemic racism in America.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-270">[268]</a></sup> Buttigieg compared the plan's scope to that of the U.S.'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a>, which invested funds in war-torn Europe after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and said it would address "opportunity for minority businesses, strengthening voting rights, and reforming the criminal justice system". The initiative would allocate $10 billion to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/African-American_entrepreneurship" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American entrepreneurship">African-American entrepreneurship</a> over five years, grant $25 billion to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historically_black_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black colleges">historically black colleges</a>, legalize marijuana, expunge drug convictions, halve the federal prison population, and propose a federal New Voting Rights Act designed to increase voting access.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_270-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-270">[268]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_issues">Social issues</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Social issues">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:217px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg/215px-Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="161" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg/323px-Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg/430px-Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="2534" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pete_buttigieg_supporters_pride_parade_boston_2019.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Pete Buttigieg supporters marching in the 2019 Boston <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Pride Parade</a></div></div></div>
<p>Buttigieg favors amending civil rights legislation with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Equality_Act_(United_States)" title="Equality Act (United States)">Federal Equality Act</a> so that LGBT Americans receive federal non-discrimination protections.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a></sup> He opposes the ban on transgender military participation enacted under Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorsey_253-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorsey-253">[251]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg supports expanding opportunities for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_service_in_the_United_States" title="National service in the United States">national service</a>, and has expressed support for a "social norm" of a voluntary year of national service for those turning 18 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_274-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-274">[272]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a></sup> In July 2019 Buttigieg announced a plan to increase participation in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_service_in_the_United_States" title="National service in the United States">national service organizations</a> like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AmeriCorps" title="AmeriCorps">AmeriCorps</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a>, as well as creating new ones dedicated to "fighting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, treating mental health and addiction, and providing caregiving for older people".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_277-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-277">[275]</a></sup> The initiative prioritizes volunteering in predominantly minority communities and rural areas by tripling programs to 250,000 people at first, then expanding to one million by 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_277-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-277">[275]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg opposes free college tuition because he believes it unfairly subsidizes higher-income families at the expense of lower-income people who do not attend college. This position distinguishes him from other progressives who support free college tuition for all.<sup id="cite_ref-Berman-190405_278-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berman-190405-278">[276]</a></sup> Buttigieg supports initiatives to make college more affordable.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreighbaum-190405_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreighbaum-190405-279">[277]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Statehood">Statehood</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Statehood">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Buttigieg supports <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statehood_movement_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Statehood movement in the District of Columbia">statehood for the District of Columbia</a>, and said that he would support <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statehood_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Statehood movement in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico statehood</a> if desired by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_241-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-241">[239]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg/170px-StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="144" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg/255px-StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg/340px-StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4067" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:StJamesSouthBendIN.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._James_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)">Cathedral of St. James</a>, which Buttigieg attends</div></div></div>
<p>Buttigieg is a Christian,<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-281">[279]</a></sup> and he has said his faith has had a strong influence in his life.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_274-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-274">[272]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-282">[280]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FrankBruni_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrankBruni-182">[181]</a></sup> His parents baptized him in a Catholic church as an infant and he attended Catholic schools.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-281">[279]</a></sup> While at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, Buttigieg began to attend <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Oxford" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford">Christ Church Cathedral</a> and said he felt "more-or-less Anglican" by the time he returned to South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-281">[279]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">St. Augustine</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Martin_(priest,_born_1960)" title="James Martin (priest, born 1960)">James Martin</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garry_Wills" title="Garry Wills">Garry Wills</a> are among his religious influences.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_282-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-282">[280]</a></sup> A member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a>, Buttigieg is a congregant at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._James_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)">Cathedral of St. James</a> in downtown South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_274-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-274">[272]</a></sup>
</p><p>Buttigieg taught himself to speak a little bit of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a><sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a></sup> and has some knowledge of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari Persian</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> in addition to his native <a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WallaceWells_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WallaceWells-37">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a></sup> though his level of fluency in those languages is unclear. His campaign has not commented on his language abilities, but he has been recorded speaking foreign languages on various occasions, including interviews on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> on May 8, 2019 and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a> on May 20, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a></sup> Buttigieg plays guitar and piano,<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a></sup> and in 2013 performed with the South Bend Symphony Orchestra as a guest piano soloist with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Folds" title="Ben Folds">Ben Folds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a></sup> Buttigieg was a 2014 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a> Rodel Fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-City2016_293-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City2016-293">[291]</a></sup> He was a recipient of the John F. Kennedy New Frontier Fenn Award in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a></sup>
</p><p>In a June 2015 piece in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_Tribune" title="South Bend Tribune">South Bend Tribune</a></i>, Buttigieg <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out</a> as gay.<sup id="cite_ref-2015gay_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015gay-7">[6]</a></sup> By coming out, Buttigieg became Indiana's first openly gay elected executive.<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blaskotns_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blaskotns-297">[295]</a></sup> He was the first elected official in Indiana to come out while in office,<sup id="cite_ref-pickfight_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickfight-177">[176]</a></sup> and the highest elected official in Indiana to come out.<sup id="cite_ref-blaskotns_297-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blaskotns-297">[295]</a></sup> Buttigieg is also the first openly gay Democratic presidential candidate, and the second overall, after Republican <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_Karger" title="Fred Karger">Fred Karger</a>, who ran in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2017, Buttigieg announced his engagement to Chasten Glezman, a junior-high-school teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a></sup> They had been dating since August 2015 after meeting on the dating app <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hinge_(app)" title="Hinge (app)">Hinge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trebay-180618_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trebay-180618-19">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wndu.com_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wndu.com-300">[298]</a></sup> They were married on June 16, 2018, in a private ceremony at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._James_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="Cathedral of St. James (South Bend, Indiana)">Cathedral of St. James</a> in South Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-281">[279]</a></sup> Chasten uses his husband's surname, Buttigieg.<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2019, to mark the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stonewall_50_%E2%80%93_WorldPride_NYC_2019" title="Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019">50th anniversary</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a>, a watershed moment in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights movement">LGBTQ rights movement</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queerty" title="Queerty">Queerty</a></i> named him one of its "Pride50" people identified as "trailblazing individuals who actively ensure society remains moving towards <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT equality">equality</a>, acceptance and dignity for all <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> people".<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Book">Book</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Book">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shortest_Way_Home_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortest Way Home (book)"><i>Shortest Way Home: One Mayor's Challenge and a Model for America's Future</i></a>. New York: Liveright. 2019. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781631494376" title="Special:BookSources/9781631494376"><bdi>9781631494376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shortest+Way+Home%3A+One+Mayor%27s+Challenge+and+a+Model+for+America%27s+Future&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Liveright&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781631494376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r935243608">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Electoral history">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%">
<caption style="background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Indiana_State_Treasurer_election" title="2010 Indiana State Treasurer election">Indiana State Treasurer election, 2010</a><sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">%
</th></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 5px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </b>
</td>
<td class="fn"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Mourdock" title="Richard Mourdock">Richard Mourdock</a> (incumbent) </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>1,053,527 </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>62.46% </b>
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Pete Buttigieg
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">633,243
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">37.54%
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6">
<th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes
</th>
<td style="text-align:right;"><b>1,686,770</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%">
<caption style="background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_South_Bend,_Indiana_mayoral_election" title="2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election">South Bend mayoral election, 2011</a> Democratic primary<sup id="cite_ref-sos2011_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos2011-305">[303]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">%
</th></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </b>
</td>
<td class="fn"><b>Pete Buttigieg </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>7,663 </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>54.90% </b>
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Michael J. Hamann
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">2,798
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">20.05%
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</td>
<td class="fn"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryan_Dvorak" title="Ryan Dvorak">Ryan Dvorak</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">2,041
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">14.62%
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Barrett Berry
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">1,424
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">10.20%
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Felipe N. Merino
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">32
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">0.23%
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6">
<th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes
</th>
<td style="text-align:right;"><b>13,958</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%">
<caption style="background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em">South Bend mayoral election, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-sos2011_305-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos2011-305">[303]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">%
</th></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </b>
</td>
<td class="fn"><b>Pete Buttigieg </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>10,991 </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>73.85% </b>
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Norris W. Curry Jr.
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">2,884
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">19.38%
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #FED105; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Patrick M. Farrell
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">1,008
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">6.77%
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6">
<th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes
</th>
<td style="text-align:right;"><b>14,883</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%">
<caption style="background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_South_Bend,_Indiana_mayoral_election" title="2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election">South Bend mayoral election, 2015</a> Democratic primary<sup id="cite_ref-sos2015_306-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos2015-306">[304]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">%
</th></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </b>
</td>
<td class="fn"><b>Pete Buttigieg (incumbent) </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>8,369 </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>77.68% </b>
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Henry L. Davis, Jr.
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">2,405
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">22.32%
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6">
<th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes
</th>
<td style="text-align:right;"><b>10,774</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%">
<caption style="background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em">South Bend mayoral election, 2015<sup id="cite_ref-sos2015_306-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos2015-306">[304]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">%
</th></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </b>
</td>
<td class="fn"><b>Pete Buttigieg (incumbent) </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>8,515 </b>
</td>
<td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>80.41% </b>
</td></tr>
<tr class="vcard">
<td style="background-color: #E81B23; width: 2px;">
</td>
<td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>
</td>
<td class="fn">Kelly S. Jones
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">2,074
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">19.59%
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6">
<th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes
</th>
<td style="text-align:right;"><b>10,589</b>
</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buttigieg" title="Buttigieg">Buttigieg</a>, Maltese surname</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠juj</i></a>, but not by Buttigieg himself.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was endorsed in June 2019 on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stonewall_50th_anniversary" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall 50th anniversary">50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
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<li id="cite_note-:7-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peteforamerica.com/meet-pete/">"Meet Pete"</a>. <i>Pete For America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pete+For+America&rft.atitle=Meet+Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeteforamerica.com%2Fmeet-pete%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Alfaro-190123-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alfaro-190123_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Alfaro, Mariana (January 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pete-buttigieg-mayor-of-south-bend-for-president-2020-election-2019-1">"Pete Buttigieg, mayor of South Bend, Indiana, launches 2020 presidential bid"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg%2C+mayor+of+South+Bend%2C+Indiana%2C+launches+2020+presidential+bid&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft.aulast=Alfaro&rft.aufirst=Mariana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fpete-buttigieg-mayor-of-south-bend-for-president-2020-election-2019-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2013budgetproposal-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2013budgetproposal_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2013budgetproposal_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Blasko, Erin (August 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/mayor-s-budget-calls-for-smart-streets/article_c2e13f62-0548-11e3-b024-0019bb30f31a.html">"Mayor's budget calls for 'smart streets<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. South Bend Tribune.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor%27s+budget+calls+for+%27smart+streets%27&rft.pub=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.aulast=Blasko&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmayor-s-budget-calls-for-smart-streets%2Farticle_c2e13f62-0548-11e3-b024-0019bb30f31a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-greenlight1-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greenlight1_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenlight1_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wsbt.com/news/local/green-light-for-downtown-south-bend-cascade-condominium-project">"Green light for downtown South Bend Cascade Condominium project"</a>. WSBT-TV. December 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+light+for+downtown+South+Bend+Cascade+Condominium+project&rft.pub=WSBT-TV&rft.date=2013-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwsbt.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fgreen-light-for-downtown-south-bend-cascade-condominium-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-mothballednomore-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mothballednomore_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mothballednomore_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mothballednomore_85-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Allen, Kevin (January 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/mothballed-no-more-south-bend-selling-city-owned-land-for/article_2fdd294a-c052-5d8d-bdbb-3ca596d5b68f.html">"Mothballed no more: South Bend selling city-owned land for new projects"</a>. South Bend Tribune<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mothballed+no+more%3A+South+Bend+selling+city-owned+land+for+new+projects&rft.pub=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.date=2016-01-10&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fmothballed-no-more-south-bend-selling-city-owned-land-for%2Farticle_2fdd294a-c052-5d8d-bdbb-3ca596d5b68f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Parrott, Jeff (December 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-rejects--story-high-rise-apartment-building/article_0014ba80-45cd-5670-a996-59cc508be26b.html">"South Bend council rejects 12-story high-rise apartment building"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend+council+rejects+12-story+high-rise+apartment+building&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouth-bend-council-rejects--story-high-rise-apartment-building%2Farticle_0014ba80-45cd-5670-a996-59cc508be26b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Parrott, Jeff (December 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/why-did-south-bend-s-east-bank-high-rise-fail/article_b7ea2c34-9f92-5c56-88ef-3ef5d1ea9a5b.html">"Why did South Bend's East Bank high-rise fail?"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=Why+did+South+Bend%27s+East+Bank+high-rise+fail%3F&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fwhy-did-south-bend-s-east-bank-high-rise-fail%2Farticle_b7ea2c34-9f92-5c56-88ef-3ef5d1ea9a5b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Klee, Ricky (July 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/opinion/viewpoint/viewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration/article_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html">"Viewpoint: Diversity has fallen in Mayor Pete Buttigieg's administration"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=Viewpoint%3A+Diversity+has+fallen+in+Mayor+Pete+Buttigieg%27s+administration&rft.date=2017-07-22&rft.aulast=Klee&rft.aufirst=Ricky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Fopinion%2Fviewpoint%2Fviewpoint-diversity-has-fallen-in-mayor-pete-buttigieg-s-administration%2Farticle_3dbd0df8-385b-5e0a-9486-d561e1e57ba6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-feb272017-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-feb272017_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feb272017_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kennedy, Danielle (February 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wsbt.com/news/local/building-height-limit-raised-to-make-way-for-high-rise-apartments-in-south-bend">"Building height limit raised to make way for high-rise apartments in South Bend"</a>. WSBT-TV<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+height+limit+raised+to+make+way+for+high-rise+apartments+in+South+Bend&rft.pub=WSBT-TV&rft.date=2017-02-27&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwsbt.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbuilding-height-limit-raised-to-make-way-for-high-rise-apartments-in-south-bend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Blake, Bob (January 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/south-bend-developer-reach-compromise-on-high-rise-project/article_3e3880ba-d1cb-11e6-afd2-67d8a1beb12e.html">"South Bend, developer reach compromise on high-rise project"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend%2C+developer+reach+compromise+on+high-rise+project&rft.date=2017-01-04&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fsouth-bend-developer-reach-compromise-on-high-rise-project%2Farticle_3e3880ba-d1cb-11e6-afd2-67d8a1beb12e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Parrott, Jeff (January 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-supports-east-bank-high-rise-supermarket/article_9751606a-9d19-5d58-a0b8-27e1d72a47d8.html">"South Bend council supports East Bank high-rise, supermarket"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend+council+supports+East+Bank+high-rise%2C+supermarket&rft.date=2017-01-17&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouth-bend-council-supports-east-bank-high-rise-supermarket%2Farticle_9751606a-9d19-5d58-a0b8-27e1d72a47d8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Parrott, Jeff (February 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-council-approves-east-bank-high-rise-building/article_56f0d318-fd64-11e6-89a7-53b327f97d48.html">"South Bend council approves East Bank high-rise building"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend+council+approves+East+Bank+high-rise+building&rft.date=2017-02-28&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouth-bend-council-approves-east-bank-high-rise-building%2Farticle_56f0d318-fd64-11e6-89a7-53b327f97d48.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Parrott, Jeff (August 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-backs-down-in-high-rise-standoff-with-developer/article_2061c4fe-66d4-51c1-9638-a5e7aacb6b1e.html">"South Bend backs down in high-rise standoff with developer Dave Matthews"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend+backs+down+in+high-rise+standoff+with+developer+Dave+Matthews&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouth-bend-backs-down-in-high-rise-standoff-with-developer%2Farticle_2061c4fe-66d4-51c1-9638-a5e7aacb6b1e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-sbtdowntownstation1-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sbtdowntownstation1_133-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sbtdowntownstation1_133-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sbtdowntownstation1_133-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Parrott, Jeff (August 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-s-push-for-downtown-south-shore-station/article_fc015328-a88a-5ae8-bca1-3e8932e81ac5.html">"South Bend mayor's push for downtown South Shore station raises new questions"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_Tribune" title="South Bend Tribune">South Bend Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend+mayor%27s+push+for+downtown+South+Shore+station+raises+new+questions&rft.date=2018-08-18&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouth-bend-mayor-s-push-for-downtown-south-shore-station%2Farticle_fc015328-a88a-5ae8-bca1-3e8932e81ac5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wthr.com/article/indiana-counties-back-funding-south-shore-rail-project">"Indiana counties back funding for South Shore rail project"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WTHR-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WTHR-TV">WTHR-TV</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. September 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WTHR-TV&rft.atitle=Indiana+counties+back+funding+for+South+Shore+rail+project&rft.date=2019-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wthr.com%2Farticle%2Findiana-counties-back-funding-south-shore-rail-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-engineeringstudy-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-engineeringstudy_135-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-engineeringstudy_135-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/engineering-study-approved-for-proposed-south-shore-line-station-in/article_e0936478-c4ce-58ca-bc83-0e3a7bee6aa0.html">"Engineering study approved for proposed South Shore Line station in downtown South Bend"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_Tribune" title="South Bend Tribune">South Bend Tribune</a></i>. December 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=Engineering+study+approved+for+proposed+South+Shore+Line+station+in+downtown+South+Bend&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fengineering-study-approved-for-proposed-south-shore-line-station-in%2Farticle_e0936478-c4ce-58ca-bc83-0e3a7bee6aa0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2018budgetproposalwsbt-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2018budgetproposalwsbt_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018budgetproposalwsbt_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kennedy, Danielle (August 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wsbt.com/news/local/mayor-buttigieg-proposes-2018-budget-for-south-bend">"Mayor Buttigieg proposes 2018 budget for South Bend"</a>. WSBT-TV<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+Buttigieg+proposes+2018+budget+for+South+Bend&rft.pub=WSBT-TV&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwsbt.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmayor-buttigieg-proposes-2018-budget-for-south-bend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lee, Tommie (August 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.953mnc.com/2017/08/17/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-presents-2018-budget-plan/">"South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg presents 2018 budget plan"</a>. <i>953 MNC</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WTRC-FM" title="WTRC-FM">WTRC-FM</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=953+MNC&rft.atitle=South+Bend+Mayor+Pete+Buttigieg+presents+2018+budget+plan&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Tommie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.953mnc.com%2F2017%2F08%2F17%2Fsouth-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-presents-2018-budget-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Booker, Ted (January 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/st-joseph-county-plans-to-study-options-for-south-shore/article_ab1d2b5e-dd51-5db5-abe8-2d6c301a2484.html">"St. Joseph County plans to study options for South Shore rail line to west side of airport"</a>. <i>South Bend Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=St.+Joseph+County+plans+to+study+options+for+South+Shore+rail+line+to+west+side+of+airport&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fst-joseph-county-plans-to-study-options-for-south-shore%2Farticle_ab1d2b5e-dd51-5db5-abe8-2d6c301a2484.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CNNPeteAnnounce-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNNPeteAnnounce_203-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Merica, Dan (April 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/14/politics/pete-buttigieg-presidential-campaign/index.html">"Pete Buttigieg officially announces presidential campaign"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+officially+announces+presidential+campaign&rft.date=2019-04-14&rft.aulast=Merica&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F04%2F14%2Fpolitics%2Fpete-buttigieg-presidential-campaign%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Mislin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2019/11/07/Pete-Buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-of-Social-Gospel/6261573132113/">Pete Buttigieg reviving pragmatic, progressive ideals of Social Gospel</a>, UPI (November 7, 2019), republished at <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/pete-buttigieg-reviving-pragmatic-progressive-ideals-social-gospel-movement-94506">The National Interest</a></i> (November 11, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dan Merica; Jeff Zeleny; Adam Levy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/06/politics/iowa-caucus-results/index.html">"Pete Buttigieg keeps narrow lead in Iowa caucuses with 100% of precincts reporting"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+keeps+narrow+lead+in+Iowa+caucuses+with+100%25+of+precincts+reporting&rft.au=Dan+Merica&rft.au=Jeff+Zeleny&rft.au=Adam+Levy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F02%2F06%2Fpolitics%2Fiowa-caucus-results%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Keith, Jarod. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victoryfund.org/news/pete-buttigiegs-iowa-victory-a-milestone-in-u-s-history-america-on-track-to-elect-its-first-gay-president/">"Pete Buttigieg's Iowa Victory A Milestone in U.S. History; America On-Track to Elect Its First Gay President"</a>. <i>LGBTQ Victory Fund</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LGBTQ+Victory+Fund&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg%27s+Iowa+Victory+A+Milestone+in+U.S.+History%3B+America+On-Track+to+Elect+Its+First+Gay+President&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Jarod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvictoryfund.org%2Fnews%2Fpete-buttigiegs-iowa-victory-a-milestone-in-u-s-history-america-on-track-to-elect-its-first-gay-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:6-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Relman, Eliza. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-pete-buttigieg-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-3">"Pete Buttigieg is running for President in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+is+running+for+President+in+2020.+Here%27s+everything+we+know+about+the+candidate+and+how+he+stacks+up+against+the+competition.&rft.aulast=Relman&rft.aufirst=Eliza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwho-is-pete-buttigieg-bio-age-family-key-positions-2019-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances">"Pete Buttigieg's political stances"</a>. <i>iSideWith</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428023553/https://www.isidewith.com/candidates/pete-buttigieg/stances">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iSideWith&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg%27s+political+stances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isidewith.com%2Fcandidates%2Fpete-buttigieg%2Fstances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<ul><li><cite class="citation web">Parrott, Jeff (April 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html">"South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_Tribune" title="South Bend Tribune">South Bend Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend+mayor+Pete+Buttigieg+vetoes+anti-abortion+group%27s+rezoning&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouth-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s%2Farticle_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
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<li><cite class="citation news">Parrot, Jeff (April 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html">"South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg vetoes anti-abortion group's rezoning"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend_Tribune" title="South Bend Tribune">South Bend Tribune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323063853/https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s/article_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Bend+mayor+Pete+Buttigieg+vetoes+anti-abortion+group%27s+rezoning&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft.aulast=Parrot&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbendtribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fsouth-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-vetoes-anti-abortion-group-s%2Farticle_0b08950f-cd02-5b15-93cf-ff3a29fa2515.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li></ul>
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<li id="cite_note-Janes-190316-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Janes-190316_217-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Janes, Chelsea; Scherer, Michael (March 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html">"Pete Buttigieg, the young and openly gay Midwest mayor, finds a voice in crowded Democratic presidential field"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324113006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field/2019/03/16/839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg%2C+the+young+and+openly+gay+Midwest+mayor%2C+finds+a+voice+in+crowded+Democratic+presidential+field&rft.date=2019-03-16&rft.aulast=Janes&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft.au=Scherer%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpete-buttigieg-the-young-and-openly-gay-midwest-mayor-finds-a-voice-in-crowded-democratic-presidential-field%2F2019%2F03%2F16%2F839f4f3c-474c-11e9-90f0-0ccfeec87a61_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC">"Buttigieg backs Green New Deal resolution"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223233/https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/buttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution/vi-BBTpAxC">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Buttigieg+backs+Green+New+Deal+resolution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fvideo%2Fnews%2Fbuttigieg-backs-green-new-deal-resolution%2Fvi-BBTpAxC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX7hni-zGD8&feature=youtu.be&t=4460">"Democratic Presidential Debate"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. June 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democratic+Presidential+Debate&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcX7hni-zGD8%26feature%3Dyoutu.be%26t%3D4460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html">"Mayor Pete to President Pete? It's crazy, but he thinks his ideas aren't"</a>. <i>news.yahoo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306135526/https://news.yahoo.com/mayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Mayor+Pete+to+President+Pete%3F+It%27s+crazy%2C+but+he+thinks+his+ideas+aren%27t.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fmayor-pete-president-pete-crazy-thinks-ideas-arent-191944192.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Steinhauser-190404-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steinhauser-190404_221-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Steinhauser, Paul (April 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations">"Buttigieg calls for scrapping death penalty, supporting slavery reparations"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404175113/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/buttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Buttigieg+calls+for+scrapping+death+penalty%2C+supporting+slavery+reparations&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Steinhauser&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fbuttigieg-calls-for-scrapping-death-penalty-supporting-slave-reparations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Martin-190226-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martin-190226_222-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Martin, Naomi; Pindell, James; Datar, Saurabh; Uraizee, Irfan; Garvin, Patrick (February 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg">"Marijuana is no longer a fringe issue for 2020 presidential candidates"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327131242/https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/02/president-2020-candidates/issues-marijuana/#Buttigieg">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Marijuana+is+no+longer+a+fringe+issue+for+2020+presidential+candidates&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft.au=Pindell%2C+James&rft.au=Datar%2C+Saurabh&rft.au=Uraizee%2C+Irfan&rft.au=Garvin%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.bostonglobe.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fgraphics%2F2019%2F02%2Fpresident-2020-candidates%2Fissues-marijuana%2F%23Buttigieg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Higgins-190404-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Higgins-190404_223-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Higgins-190404_223-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Higgins, Tucker (April 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html">"Democratic hopeful Pete Buttigieg addresses 'all lives matter' controversy, says he no longer uses the phrase"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162341/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/pete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Democratic+hopeful+Pete+Buttigieg+addresses+%27all+lives+matter%27+controversy%2C+says+he+no+longer+uses+the+phrase&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Tucker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F04%2F04%2Fpete-buttigieg-addresses-all-lives-matter-controversy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Brooke Singman (October 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pete-buttigieg-incarceration-drug-possession">"Pete Buttigieg calls for elimination of incarceration for drug possession offenses"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pete+Buttigieg+calls+for+elimination+of+incarceration+for+drug+possession+offenses&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2019-10-26&rft.au=Brooke+Singman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpete-buttigieg-incarceration-drug-possession&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/11/26/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-marijuana-arrests/">"PETE BUTTIGIEG SAYS MARIJUANA ARRESTS SIGNIFY "SYSTEMIC RACISM." HIS SOUTH BEND POLICE FIT THE BILL"</a>. November 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PETE+BUTTIGIEG+SAYS+MARIJUANA+ARRESTS+SIGNIFY+%22SYSTEMIC+RACISM.%22+HIS+SOUTH+BEND+POLICE+FIT+THE+BILL.&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2019%2F11%2F26%2Fpete-buttigieg-south-bend-marijuana-arrests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecrimereport.org/2019/11/27/racial-disparity-high-in-pot-arrests-under-buttigieg/">"Racial Disparity High In Pot Arrests Under Buttigieg"</a>. November 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Racial+Disparity+High+In+Pot+Arrests+Under+Buttigieg&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecrimereport.org%2F2019%2F11%2F27%2Fracial-disparity-high-in-pot-arrests-under-buttigieg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cisneros, Juan (March 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html">"Keynote speaker at Washington Days sees similarities between Indiana and Kansas"</a>. <i>WIBW</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081010/https://www.wibw.com/content/news/Keynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIBW&rft.atitle=Keynote+speaker+at+Washington+Days+sees+similarities+between+Indiana+and+Kansas&rft.date=2018-03-03&rft.aulast=Cisneros&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wibw.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2FKeynote-speaker-at-Washington-Days-sees-similarities-between-Indiana-and-Kansas-475755343.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/foreign-policy/">"Where 2020 Democrats stand on foreign policy"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. November 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Where+2020+Democrats+stand+on+foreign+policy&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgraphics%2Fpolitics%2Fpolicy-2020%2Fforeign-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-18/china-bashes-nyt-s-xinjiang-story-as-warren-buttigieg-criticize">"China Bashes NYT's Xinjiang Story as Warren, Buttigieg Criticize"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. November 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=China+Bashes+NYT%27s+Xinjiang+Story+as+Warren%2C+Buttigieg+Criticize&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-11-18%2Fchina-bashes-nyt-s-xinjiang-story-as-warren-buttigieg-criticize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/10/mayor-pete-decries-trumps-decision-to-withdraw-troops-from-northern-syria/">"Mayor Pete Decries Trump's Decision to Withdraw Troops from Northern Syria"</a>. <i>Mother Jones</i>. October 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Mayor+Pete+Decries+Trump%27s+Decision+to+Withdraw+Troops+from+Northern+Syria&rft.date=2019-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F10%2Fmayor-pete-decries-trumps-decision-to-withdraw-troops-from-northern-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dorsey-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dorsey_253-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dorsey_253-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dorsey, Steve (March 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/">"2020 candidate Pete Buttigieg "troubled" by clemency for Chelsea Manning"</a>. CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153527/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning/">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+candidate+Pete+Buttigieg+%22troubled%22+by+clemency+for+Chelsea+Manning&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft.aulast=Dorsey&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2F2020-candidate-pete-buttigieg-troubled-by-clemency-for-chelsea-manning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Strauss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/buttigieg-tweet-medicare-for-all-048745">Buttigieg backed 'Medicare for All' in 2018 tweet</a>, <i>Politico</i> (October 16, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abby Goodnough, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/health/public-option-medicare-for-all.html">'Public Option' Draws Voters Unsure About 'Medicare for All'</a>, <i>New York Times</i> (November 24, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/11/08/774716877/just-the-right-policy-pete-buttigieg-on-his-medicare-for-all-who-want-it-plan">'Just The Right Policy': Pete Buttigieg On His 'Medicare For All Who Want It' Plan</a>, NPR, <i>Morning Edition</i> (November 8, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-JuneDebateTran-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JuneDebateTran_257-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JuneDebateTran_257-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/06/28/transcript-night-first-democratic-debate/">Transcript: Night 2 of the first Democratic debate</a> (June 28, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-CSPAN-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CSPAN_258-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSPAN_258-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1/indiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee">"Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg Launches 2020 Exploratory Committee"</a>. C-SPAN. January 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081238/https://www.c-span.org/video/?457199-1%2Findiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+Mayor+Pete+Buttigieg+Launches+2020+Exploratory+Committee&rft.pub=C-SPAN&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F457199-1%2Findiana-mayor-pete-buttigieg-launches-2020-exploratory-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WaPoHealthCare-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaPoHealthCare_259-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Uhrmacher, Kevin Schaul, Paulina Firozi and Jeff Stein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/policy-2020/medicare-for-all/">Where 2020 Democrats stand on Health Care</a>, <i>Washington Post</i> (last updated December 11, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ehley, Brianna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/23/pete-buttigieg-mental-health-addiction-1472516">"How Pete Buttigieg would tackle the mental health and addiction crisis"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=How+Pete+Buttigieg+would+tackle+the+mental+health+and+addiction+crisis&rft.aulast=Ehley&rft.aufirst=Brianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F08%2F23%2Fpete-buttigieg-mental-health-addiction-1472516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Buttigieg, Pete (March 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8">"Why These Trump Voters Are Sticking Up For An Undocumented Neighbor"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190317050924/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Why+These+Trump+Voters+Are+Sticking+Up+For+An+Undocumented+Neighbor&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft.aulast=Buttigieg&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fwhy-these-trump-voters-are-sticking-up-for-an-undocumented_us_58d14509e4b0e0d348b347e8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCBS_News2019" class="citation">CBS News (January 31, 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc"><i>Mayor Pete Buttigieg on the experience he'd bring to the 2020 presidential campaign</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401040137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=hPb9a37rVGc">archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mayor+Pete+Buttigieg+on+the+experience+he%27d+bring+to+the+2020+presidential+campaign&rft.date=2019-01-31&rft.au=CBS+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Ftime_continue%3D42%26v%3DhPb9a37rVGc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forconstructionpros.com/asphalt/news/21109945/presidential-candidate-buttigieg-promises-to-pass-infrastructure-legislation-if-elected">"Presidential Candidate Buttigieg Promises to Pass Infrastructure Legislation if Elected"</a>. <i>For Construction Pros</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=For+Construction+Pros&rft.atitle=Presidential+Candidate+Buttigieg+Promises+to+Pass+Infrastructure+Legislation+if+Elected&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forconstructionpros.com%2Fasphalt%2Fnews%2F21109945%2Fpresidential-candidate-buttigieg-promises-to-pass-infrastructure-legislation-if-elected&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/01/14/environmental-impacts-buttigiegs-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan/4430332002/">"The environmental impacts of Buttigieg's $1 trillion infrastructure plan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+environmental+impacts+of+Buttigieg%27s+%241+trillion+infrastructure+plan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indystar.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fenvironment%2F2020%2F01%2F14%2Fenvironmental-impacts-buttigiegs-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan%2F4430332002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.peteforamerica.com/documents/Palm-Cards-Printable_Infrastructure.pdf">"Campaign Infrastructure fact sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Campaign+Infrastructure+fact+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.peteforamerica.com%2Fdocuments%2FPalm-Cards-Printable_Infrastructure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Deadline-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deadline_266-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deadline_266-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/deadline-white-house/watch/mayor-pete-buttigieg-he-s-made-it-clear-that-he-deserves-to-be-impeached-69697093733">Mayor Pete Buttigieg: 'He’s made it clear that he deserves to be impeached'</a>, MSNBC, <i>Deadline White House</i> (Sept. 23, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Pindell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/31/buttigieg-says-there-would-lot-benefit-trump-were-defeated-instead-removed-from-office/ktUrja3zexlNLxBPOP2tbM/story.html">Buttigieg says there would be 'a lot of benefit' if Trump were instead of removed from office</a>, <i>Boston Globe</i> (October 31, 2019).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Groppe, Maureen (May 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/05/12/pete-buttigieg-says-donald-trump-divides-white-identity-politics/1151265001/">"Pete Buttigieg says Donald Trump's white 'identity politics' contributing to a 'crisis of belonging<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+says+Donald+Trump%27s+white+%27identity+politics%27+contributing+to+a+%27crisis+of+belonging%27&rft.date=2019-05-13&rft.aulast=Groppe&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2019%2F05%2F12%2Fpete-buttigieg-says-donald-trump-divides-white-identity-politics%2F1151265001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/12/pete-buttigieg-human-rights-campaign-trump">"Pete Buttigieg warns Democrats about lure of identity politics"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. May 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+warns+Democrats+about+lure+of+identity+politics&rft.date=2019-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2019%2Fmay%2F12%2Fpete-buttigieg-human-rights-campaign-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:2-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_270-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_270-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Burnett, Sara (July 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/ede3a14f794e423388eef7162def7358">"2020 hopeful Buttigieg pitches plan to fight systemic racism"</a>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+hopeful+Buttigieg+pitches+plan+to+fight+systemic+racism&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fede3a14f794e423388eef7162def7358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/">"Pete Buttigieg makes pitch to LGBT voters in bid to become first out gay president"</a>. <i>Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights</i>. February 5, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081135/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/02/05/pete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Blade%3A+Gay+News%2C+Politics%2C+LGBT+Rights&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+makes+pitch+to+LGBT+voters+in+bid+to+become+first+out+gay+president&rft.date=2019-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonblade.com%2F2019%2F02%2F05%2Fpete-buttigieg-makes-pitch-to-lgbt-voters-in-bid-to-become-first-out-gay-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban">"South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg weighs in on transgender military ban"</a>. <i>ABC57</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043108/https://www.abc57.com/news/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC57&rft.atitle=South+Bend+Mayor+Pete+Buttigieg+weighs+in+on+transgender+military+ban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc57.com%2Fnews%2Fsouth-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-weighs-in-on-transgender-military-ban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_274-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_274-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_274-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine">Wren, Adam (December 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/longform/pete-buttigieg-feature">"Pete Buttigieg has his eye on the prize"</a>. <i>Indianapolis Monthly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indianapolis+Monthly&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+has+his+eye+on+the+prize&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft.aulast=Wren&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianapolismonthly.com%2Flongform%2Fpete-buttigieg-feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622">"Buttigieg: We need generational change in politics"</a>. <i>Morning Joe</i>. MSNBC. March 20, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321013356/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/buttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morning+Joe&rft.atitle=Buttigieg%3A+We+need+generational+change+in+politics&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fmorning-joe%2Fwatch%2Fbuttigieg-we-need-generational-change-in-politics-1461546563622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kristian, Bonnie (April 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea">"Mandatory national service is a terrible idea"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427085103/https://theweek.com/articles/835755/mandatory-national-service-terrible-idea">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Mandatory+national+service+is+a+terrible+idea&rft.date=2019-04-19&rft.aulast=Kristian&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Farticles%2F835755%2Fmandatory-national-service-terrible-idea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_277-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_277-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.towleroad.com/2019/07/pete-buttigieg-public-service/">"Pete Buttigieg Unveils Plan That Would Quickly Triple Participation in U.S. Public Service Programs"</a>. <i>Towleroad Gay News</i>. July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Towleroad+Gay+News&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+Unveils+Plan+That+Would+Quickly+Triple+Participation+in+U.S.+Public+Service+Programs&rft.date=2019-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.towleroad.com%2F2019%2F07%2Fpete-buttigieg-public-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Berman-190405-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berman-190405_278-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Berman, Elizabeth (April 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-argues-against-free-college-this-is-why-progressives-cant-agree-about-subsidizing-tuition/?noredirect=on">"Pete Buttigieg argues against free college. This is why progressives can't agree about subsidizing tuition"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+argues+against+free+college.+This+is+why+progressives+can%27t+agree+about+subsidizing+tuition.&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F04%2F05%2Fpete-buttigieg-argues-against-free-college-this-is-why-progressives-cant-agree-about-subsidizing-tuition%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Kreighbaum-190405-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kreighbaum-190405_279-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kreighbaum, Andrew (April 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college">"Buttigieg Rejects Free College"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" title="Inside Higher Ed">Inside Higher Ed</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190405205122/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/04/05/pete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=Buttigieg+Rejects+Free+College&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft.aulast=Kreighbaum&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2F05%2Fpete-buttigieg-democratic-candidate-bucks-progressives-free-college&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gambino, Lauren (March 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/pete-buttigieg-democrat-2020-presidential-election">"Pete Buttigieg for president? Long-shot stands out in crowded field"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Like many of his rivals, he offers a stark contrast to the President in style and substance. Buttigieg is the son of a Maltese immigrant; a U.S. Navy veteran who took leave from his civic day job to serve in Afghanistan; a Harvard-educated Rhodes scholar; a devout Christian and a polyglot and bibliophile who learned Norwegian to read books by an author in Norway whose work had not yet been translated to English.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+for+president%3F+Long-shot+stands+out+in+crowded+field.&rft.date=2019-03-23&rft.aulast=Gambino&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2019%2Fmar%2F23%2Fpete-buttigieg-democrat-2020-presidential-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-cnn_2019-04-02-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_2019-04-02_281-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Beck, Father Edward (April 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/02/opinions/buttigieg-and-religion-qa-beck/index.html">"Pete Buttigieg on faith, his marriage, and Mike Pence"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+on+faith%2C+his+marriage%2C+and+Mike+Pence&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Father+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F04%2F02%2Fopinions%2Fbuttigieg-and-religion-qa-beck%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:02-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_282-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_282-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bailey, Sarah (March 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/religion/2019/03/29/evangelicals-helped-get-trump-into-white-house-pete-buttigieg-believes-religious-left-will-get-him-out/">"Evangelicals helped get Trump into the White House. Pete Buttigieg believes the religious left will get him out"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Evangelicals+helped+get+Trump+into+the+White+House.+Pete+Buttigieg+believes+the+religious+left+will+get+him+out.&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Famphtml%2Freligion%2F2019%2F03%2F29%2Fevangelicals-helped-get-trump-into-white-house-pete-buttigieg-believes-religious-left-will-get-him-out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Waldman, Katy (May 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-coming-of-age-tale-that-inspired-mayor-pete-to-learn-norwegian">"The Coming-of-Age Tale That Inspired Mayor Pete to Learn Norwegian"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Coming-of-Age+Tale+That+Inspired+Mayor+Pete+to+Learn+Norwegian&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fthe-coming-of-age-tale-that-inspired-mayor-pete-to-learn-norwegian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine">Lemin, Jason (March 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/mayor-pete-buttigieg-2020-millennial-president-1332008">"Pete Buttigieg 2020: Meet the South Bend mayor looking to become America's first millennial president"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+2020%3A+Meet+the+South+Bend+mayor+looking+to+become+America%27s+first+millennial+president&rft.date=2019-03-10&rft.aulast=Lemin&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fmayor-pete-buttigieg-2020-millennial-president-1332008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Allen, Nick; Millward, David (March 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/29/pete-buttigieg-surges-commentators-declare-obscure-midwestern/">"Pete Buttigieg surges as commentators declare obscure midwestern Democrat 'hottest candidate<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. London, U.K. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pete+Buttigieg+surges+as+commentators+declare+obscure+midwestern+Democrat+%27hottest+candidate%27&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Millward%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F29%2Fpete-buttigieg-surges-commentators-declare-obscure-midwestern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.queerty.com/pride50">"Queerty Pride50 2019 Honorees"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queerty" title="Queerty">Queerty</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queerty&rft.atitle=Queerty+Pride50+2019+Honorees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.queerty.com%2Fpride50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf">"2010 Indiana Election Results"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indiana.gov Voter Portal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiana.gov+Voter+Portal&rft.atitle=2010+Indiana+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov%2Fsos%2Felections%2Ffiles%2F2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sos2011-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sos2011_305-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sos2011_305-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2011">"Historical Election Results"</a>. <i>Indiana.gov Voter Portal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiana.gov+Voter+Portal&rft.atitle=Historical+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianavoters.in.gov%2FENRHistorical%2FElectionResults%3Fyear%3D2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sos2015-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sos2015_306-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sos2015_306-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianavoters.in.gov/ENRHistorical/ElectionResults?year=2015">"Historical Election Results"</a>. <i>Indiana.gov Voter Portal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiana.gov+Voter+Portal&rft.atitle=Historical+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianavoters.in.gov%2FENRHistorical%2FElectionResults%3Fyear%3D2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bell, Kyle W. (May 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southbendvoice.com/2015/05/07/what-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win/">"What Does Electoral Victory Look Like? Visualizing Buttigieg's Win"</a>. <i>South Bend Voice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Bend+Voice&rft.atitle=What+Does+Electoral+Victory+Look+Like%3F+Visualizing+Buttigieg%27s+Win&rft.date=2015-05-07&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Kyle+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthbendvoice.com%2F2015%2F05%2F07%2Fwhat-does-electoral-victory-look-like-visualizing-mayor-pete-buttigiegs-win%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARat+Man" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rat_Man&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rat_Man" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rat Man"><span style="">Rat Man</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
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<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Rat_Man" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Rat Man">Rat Man</a></b></i></td></tr>
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<ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peteforamerica.com">Presidential campaign website</a></span></li>
<li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meetpete.org">Buttigieg on the issues</a></span></li>
<li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southbendin.gov/official/mayor-pete-buttigieg">Mayor of South Bend website</a></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?petebuttigieg">Appearances</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/find?q=Rat+Man&s=nm">Rat Man</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li>
<li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/127151/pete-buttigieg">Profile</a></span> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li></ul>
<table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold">Michael W. Griffith</span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana_State_Treasurer" title="Indiana State Treasurer">Indiana State Treasurer</a></b><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Indiana_elections" title="2010 Indiana elections">2010</a>
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Boland_(politician)" title="Mike Boland (politician)">Mike Boland</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Luecke" title="Steve Luecke">Steve Luecke</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend</a></b><br />2011, 2015
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Mueller_(mayor)" title="James Mueller (mayor)">James Mueller</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Luecke" title="Steve Luecke">Steve Luecke</a></span>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_South_Bend,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana">Mayor of</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend</a></b><br />January 1, 2012 – January 1, 2020
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Mueller_(mayor)" title="James Mueller (mayor)">James Mueller</a></span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(2016_←)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(→_2024)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2020 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:2020_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(2016_←)_2020_United_States_presidential_election_(→_2024)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 ←</a>) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a> (→ 2024)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*2020_United_States_elections&#10;*Polls&#10;**national&#10;**state&#10;*Timeline">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">2020 United States elections</a></li>
<li>Polls
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">national</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Republican Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Declared</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Weld_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Weld 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Withdrawn during primaries</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(American_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (American politician)">Joe Walsh</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Walsh_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Walsh 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Withdrawn before primaries</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Sanford" title="Mark Sanford">Mark Sanford</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Sanford_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mark Sanford 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">Forums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li>
<li>Polls
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">state</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Declared</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Amy_Klobuchar" title="Political positions of Amy Klobuchar">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Steyer_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Steyer 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">positions</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Withdrawn during primaries</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Michael Bennet</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Bennet_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Bennet 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deval_Patrick_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Deval Patrick 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Withdrawn before primaries</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cory_Booker" title="Political positions of Cory Booker">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Bullock_(American_politician)" title="Steve Bullock (American politician)">Steve Bullock</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Bullock_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Bullock 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julian_Castro_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Castro 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill de Blasio 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Delaney_(Maryland_politician)" title="John Delaney (Maryland politician)">John Delaney</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Delaney_2020_presidential_campaign" title="John Delaney 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Delaney" title="Political positions of John Delaney">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirsten Gillibrand 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand">positions</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">John Hickenlooper</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hickenlooper_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hickenlooper 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jay_Inslee_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jay Inslee 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_Messam" title="Wayne Messam">Wayne Messam</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_Messam_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayne Messam 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Seth Moulton 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Ojeda" title="Richard Ojeda">Richard Ojeda</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Ojeda_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ojeda 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Beto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Ryan_(Ohio_politician)" title="Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)">Tim Ryan</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Ryan_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Ryan 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Sestak" title="Joe Sestak">Joe Sestak</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Sestak_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Sestak 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">Eric Swalwell</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Swalwell_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Swalwell 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Declared</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Lincoln Chafee 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_McAfee_2020_presidential_campaign" title="John McAfee 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Monds" title="John Monds">John Monds</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Robb" title="Sam Robb">Sam Robb</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermin_Supreme_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Vermin Supreme 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arvin_Vohra" title="Arvin Vohra">Arvin Vohra</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Whitney" title="Mark Whitney">Mark Whitney</a></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Withdrawn</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention" title="2020 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Declared</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sedinam_Moyowasifza-Curry" title="Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry">Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minor_party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Minor party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Independent candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Candidates" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Declared</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perry_Caravello" title="Perry Caravello">Perry Caravello</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Charles" title="Mark Charles">Mark Charles</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VoiceoverPete" title="VoiceoverPete">Pete Accetturo</a></dd></dl>
<dl><dt>Withdrawn</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremy_Gable" title="Jeremy Gable">Jeremy Gable</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronnie_Kroell" title="Ronnie Kroell">Ronnie Kroell</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minor_party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Minor party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Other third-party candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_T._Carroll" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian T. Carroll">Brian T. Carroll</a></dd>
<dt>Other candidates</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bread_and_Roses_(political_party)" title="Bread and Roses (political party)">Bread and Roses</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd>
<dt>Declared</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></dd>
<dt>VP Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Withdrawn</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darcy_Richardson" title="Darcy Richardson">Darcy Richardson</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl><dt>Nominee</dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a>
<dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2279554&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2279554&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2279554" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128517344">128517344</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000016270305">0000 0000 1627 0305</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/35510485">35510485</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/35510485">35510485</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1582466216 |
