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'{{good article}} {{EngvarB|date=February 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{infobox person | name = Gui Minhai | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = 桂敏海 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1964|5|5}} | birth_place = [[Ningbo]] | nationality = [[Sweden|Swedish]]| alma_mater = [[Peking University]] (bachelor 1985), [[University of Gothenburg]] (MA 1990, PhD 1996)<ref name=chinesepen/> | occupation = Writer, publisher | years_active = 2006– | website = {{URL|freeguiminhai.org}} | module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes | p = guì mín hǎi | y = gwái man hōi }} | nickname = Michael Gui, Ah Hai (阿海) }} {{chinese name|Gui}} '''Gui Minhai''' ({{zh|c=桂敏海 or 桂民海<ref name="mingpao1453140356"/><ref name="poem"/><ref name="zhou"/>|p=Guì Mǐnhǎi ''or'' Guì Mínhǎi}}; born 5 May 1964<ref name=chinesepen/>), also known as '''Michael Gui''',<ref name="scmp1922289"/> is a Chinese-born Swedish scholar and book publisher. He is a prolific author of books about Chinese politics and political figures; Gui authored around 200 books during his ten-year career under the pen-name Ah Hai (阿海).<ref name=chinesepen/><ref name=20151208guardian/><ref name=boxun/><ref name=" AutoAI-2 "/><ref name=20160118nytimes/><ref name="poem"/><ref name="zhou"/> and is one of three shareholders of [[Causeway Bay Books]] in Hong Kong. Gui went missing in [[Thailand]] in late 2015, one of five men who vanished in a string of incidents known as the [[Causeway Bay Books disappearances]]. The case ignited fears locally and in Britain over the collapse of "[[one country, two systems]]", over the possibility that people could be subject to [[extraordinary rendition|rendition]] from Hong Kong and from other countries by Chinese law enforcement.<ref name=nbcnews505046/><ref name=20160212theguardian/> The Chinese government had been silent about holding him in custody for three months, at which point a controversial video confession was broadcast on mainland media.<ref name=latimes20160120/> In it, Gui said that he had returned to mainland China and surrendered to the authorities of his own volition. He appeared to indicate that he was prepared to follow the course of justice in China, while waiving protection as a Swedish citizen.<ref name=latimes20160120/><ref name=20160121cpianalysis/><ref name="xinhuanet1117800737"/> Many observers expressed doubts about the sincerity and credibility of Gui's confession.<ref name=20160117hongkongfp/><ref name=scmp1902805/><ref name=australian/><ref name="201601asiancorrespondent"/> ''The Washington Post'' described the narrative as "messy and incoherent, blending possible fact with what seems like outright fiction".<ref name=20160118wapo/><ref name=qz596565/> Chinese state media said in late February 2016 that Gui was being held for "illegal business operations". He is alleged to have knowingly distributed books not approved by China's press and publication authority since October 2014.<ref name="20160229hongkongfp"/> Although Gui was released from detention in October 2017, he was once again abducted by suspected state security agents – a group of men in plain clothes – in January 2018 while on his way to Beijing for a medical visit.<ref name=20180122nytimes/> Shortly afterwards, while under detention for breaking unspecified laws, he once again confessed, denouncing Swedish politicians for instigating him to leave the country and for "using me as chess piece".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2132797/sweden-using-me-chess-piece-says-detained-hong-kong|title=Sweden 'using me like chess piece', says detained publisher Gui Minhai in government-arranged interview|date=9 February 2018|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905215024/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2132797/sweden-using-me-chess-piece-says-detained-hong-kong|archive-date=5 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Gui Minhai is still under detention in China as of December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3041321/former-swedish-ambassador-china-indicted-over-meetings-discuss|title=Former Swedish ambassador to China indicted over meetings to discuss Hong Kong bookseller|date=9 December 2019|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212215102/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3041321/former-swedish-ambassador-china-indicted-over-meetings-discuss|archive-date=12 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and was sentenced in February 2020 to 10 years' imprisonment for "illegally providing intelligence overseas".<ref name=bbc51624433/><ref name=20200225hongkongfp/> == Biography == === Early life === Born in [[Ningbo]] in 1964, Gui graduated from [[Peking University]] with a bachelor's degree in history in 1985.<ref name=chinesepen/><ref name=scmp1902296/> Gui served as editor to the [[People's Education Press]] until 1988, when he departed for Sweden, and enrolled in a [[PhD|doctoral program]] at the [[University of Gothenburg]].<ref name=scmp1902296/> After the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], he obtained Swedish residency, and later became a naturalised citizen of Sweden, upon which he renounced his Chinese citizenship. According to his daughter, he was attracted to the beauty of his adopted country and the freedom he felt living there.<ref name=201600903hongkongfp/> Gui obtained his PhD in 1996.<ref name=scmp1902296/> Gui's wife is also a naturalised Swedish citizen; the couple's daughter was born in 1994.<ref name=scmp1902296/> Gui returned to China in 1999 and started a daughter company in Ningbo for a Swedish company known in Chinese as Tangyou (唐友), offering air purification products.<ref name="AutoAI-3"/><ref name="Tangyou"/> Gui was the CEO and board member.<ref name="AutoAI-3" /> === Publishing career === [[File:Causeway Bay Bookstore exterior.jpg|thumb|Causeway Bay Bookstore in [[Causeway Bay]], Hong Kong; 3 January 2016]] As the political climate in China grew milder, Gui moved to Hong Kong.<ref name="WP2" /> There, beginning in 2006, he set up several publishing companies that focused on Chinese mainland politics.<ref name=scmp1902296/> He joined the Chinese chapter of [[PEN International]], through which he became acquainted with professionals in Hong Kong International PEN.<ref name="nextmedia19440544" /> In 2013, Gui, Lee Bo, and Lui Bo set up Mighty Current Media<ref name=scmp1902296/> (also referred to as Sage Communications),<ref name=20151208guardian /> a Hong Kong company specialising in publishing and distributing books on political gossip about leaders in China.<ref name=scmp1902296/> Gui and Lee Bo both hold 34% of the company's shares (Lee Bo's shares are in the name of his wife, Sophie Choi), and Lui Bo holds the remaining 32%.<ref name="AutoMV-1"/> In 2014, the company acquired [[Causeway Bay Books]], an upstairs bookstore in the bustling part of Hong Kong.<ref name="nextmedia19440544" /> Under the name "Ah Hai", Gui authored around 200 books during his ten-year career.<ref name=20151208guardian/><ref name=boxun/> The subjects of these books included [[Bo Xilai]], and [[Zhou Yongkang]], who are former members of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of China|Politburo]], and [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China|general secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]].<ref name=20151208guardian/> The books have been described in the Western media as "thinly-sourced, tabloid-style political books ... which are outlawed in mainland China".<ref name=20151208guardian/> In one of Gui's books, ''The General Secretary’s Eight Love Stories'', asserts that Xi Jinping has "had a number of affairs, including one with a television presenter".<ref>{{cite news|url:https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/business/international/in-china-books-that-make-money-and-enemies.html|title=In China, Books That Make Money, and Enemies|first1=Michael |last1=Forsythe |first2=Andrew |last2=Jacobs|date=Feb. 4, 2016|newspaper= New York Times|accessdate=2020-03-01}}</ref> Lee Bo, acknowledged that Gui's books contained a lot of conjecture and gossip rather than actual fact, and described Gui as a businessman whose publishing was motivated by profit rather than ideology.<ref name=20151208guardian/> Because works critical of the leadership of the Chinese regime are considered sensitive, Gui always kept his work projects secret; he kept his movements to himself and his telephone calls were re-routed through foreign countries.<ref name=20151208guardian/> He went a long period without entering China; he did not visit his father when the latter was ill, and did not return to China for his father's funeral.<ref name=nextmedia19458046/> Media sources reported that Gui had published about half of the popular books written on Bo Xilai. When Bo was caught in the political fallout from the [[Wang Lijun incident]] in 2013, Gui reaped a financial benefit of HK$10&nbsp;million from the surge in book sales.<ref name=scmp1902296/> Gui's publishing financed his property acquisitions in Hong Kong and Germany, including a seaside retreat in [[Pattaya]], Thailand.<ref name=scmp1902296/><ref name=20151208guardian/> The [[International Publishers Association]] announced in February 2018 that Gui was the winner of the association's Publishing Freedom Award for fearless publishing in the face of adversity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/china/realtime/article/20180201/57782485|title=【銅鑼灣書店】桂民海獲國際出版自由獎 評審：表現英勇無懼精神|website=Apple Daily|language=zh|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203065434/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/china/realtime/article/20180201/57782485|archive-date=3 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> == Disappearance == His colleagues last heard from Gui Minhai on 15 October 2015.<ref name="scmp1922289"/> Gui was captured on closed circuit TV leaving his apartment in [[Pattaya]], Thailand on 17 October 2015, apparently taken away by an unknown man.<ref name="time4184324"/> He was the second bookseller associated with Causeway Bay Books to apparently vanish without trace: Lui Bo had last been seen near his home in Shenzhen on 14 October 2015; three others would also disappear in the weeks that followed.<ref name="Initium"/> The three were reported missing in November.<ref name=scmp1897366/> Lee Bo (sometimes, Paul Lee, also, Lee Po) had been informing the media of the disappearances of his other four colleagues when he himself vanished from Hong Kong on 30 December.<ref name=bbc35219260/> Lee's disappearance, due to the improbability that Lee had gone to Shenzhen while his [[Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents|mainland travel permit]] was left at home, crystallised a great deal of anxiety about the pattern of bookshop disappearances and of the possibility of [[extraordinary rendition|cross-border renditions]].<ref name="bbc35219260"/> Lee Bo's disappearance prompted Hong Kong Chief executive [[CY Leung]] to hold a press conference on 4 January 2016 in which he stated that it would be "unacceptable" and a breach of the [[Basic Law]] if mainland Chinese law officials were operating in Hong Kong.<ref name="20160105nytimes"/><ref name="20160107guardianpull"/> Two weeks after Gui's disappearance, four men came to search his apartment – ostensibly for his computer – but left without it.<ref name="AutoAI-5"/><ref name="AutoAI-6"/><ref name="time4184324"/> A manager from the estate where Gui lived attempted to contact Gui on the number of the person who called her last regarding Gui. A taxi driver answered, saying that four men had left the telephone in the taxi, and that they had wanted to go to [[Poipet]], a border town in Cambodia.<ref name=20151208guardian/> Gui was last heard from on 6 November when he called his wife to tell her that he was safe but was unwilling to reveal his whereabouts.<ref name=Sweden2/> The Thai authorities have no record of Gui leaving the country.<ref name=scmp1922289/> Gui's family contacted the Swedish embassy, and the Swedish police filed a report through Interpol. ''The Guardian'' observed that the Thai government had done little to advance the case, noting that the military junta was becoming increasingly accommodating to Chinese demands.<ref name=20151208guardian/> === Confirmation of detention === [[Xinhua News Agency]] published an article on 17 January 2016 stating that an individual by the name of Gui Minhai had been detained relating to a fatal traffic accident in December 2003 in which a schoolgirl died.<ref name=20160118nytimes/><ref name="AutoAI-4"/> It is likely he was held under [[Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location]].<ref>[https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/03/30/sweden-pressure-china-release-author-publisher-gui-minhai-wished/ Sweden could pressure China to release the author and publisher Gui Minhai… if it wished] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412000956/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/03/30/sweden-pressure-china-release-author-publisher-gui-minhai-wished/ |date=12 April 2018 }}, HKFP, 30 March 2018</ref> Xinhua alleged that Gui Minhai (桂敏海), with a different but identical-sounding middle character with respect to Gui Minhai the publisher, had fled abroad under the guise of a tourist in November 2004 using a borrowed [[People's Republic of China identity card|identity card]] following the court case; his stated age was 46 years in 2005 – a discrepancy of five years compared with the details in Gui's Swedish passport. The two discrepancies created doubts that there may have been a case of mistaken identity.<ref name=20160121cpianalysis/><ref name=20160117hongkongfp/><ref name="AutoAI-7"/> Xinhua claimed that Gui gave himself up to public security officials in October 2015.<ref name=latimes20160120/><ref name="xinhuanet1117800737"/> A video confession which was released at the same time and broadcast on [[China Central Television]] confirmed his identity. In the 10-minute exclusive video, a tearful Gui expressed his remorse over a killing charge that he had absconded from a decade earlier. He said that his return to mainland China and his surrender were "my personal choice and had nothing to do with anyone else. I should shoulder my responsibility and I don't want any individual or institutions to interfere, or viciously hype up my return". Gui also said, "Although I have Swedish citizenship, I truly feel that I am still Chinese – my roots are in China. So I hope Sweden can respect my personal choice, respect my rights and privacy of my personal choice and allow me to resolve my own problems". Criminal investigations on other charges were said to be in progress.<ref name=latimes20160120/><ref name=20160121cpianalysis/><ref name="xinhuanet1117800737"/><ref name=20160117hongkongfp/> It was only on 19 January, when fellow Swedish citizen Peter Dahlin, cofounder of an NGO providing legal training for local lawyers in China, appeared on television, confessing to having violated Chinese law and "caused harm to the Chinese government [and] hurt the feelings of the Chinese people", that it came to international attention that Gui had also confessed on television; Dahlin was subsequently deported.<ref name=nbcnews505046/> [[Reporters Without Borders]] condemned China's [[forced confession]]s, and urged the EU to sanction CCTV and Xinhua for "knowingly peddling lies and statements presumably obtained under duress".<ref name=rthk/> Lee Bo's letter to his wife on 17 January said that he had voluntarily gone to the mainland to assist Chinese law enforcement in an investigation that involved Gui. He denounced Gui as "a morally unacceptable person" who had got him into trouble with the authorities.<ref name=20160119straitstimes/><ref name=20160121cpianalysis/> [[File:Gui-minhai.jpg|thumb|Gui's video confession broadcast on [[China Central Television]] on 17 January 2016]] Gui's confession was received with incredulity, and many of the facts surrounding his disappearance from Thailand, including the release of the video three months after his disappearance, were called into question.<ref name=20160117hongkongfp/><ref name=scmp1902805/> The president of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, [[Jasper Tsang]], said: "the China Central Television (CCTV) report [and broadcast of Gui Minghau's confession] did not seem to be able to calm the public. As the case drags on, there will be more speculation".<ref name=australian/> Human Rights Watch was quoted as saying: "Given that Gui has been held nearly three months incommunicado, in a secret location, and without a lawyer, his confession on state-controlled TV lacks credibility".<ref name="201601asiancorrespondent"/> ''The Washington Post'' said: "The narrative seems messy and incoherent, blending possible fact with what seems like outright fiction. It feels illogical, absurd even".<ref name=20160118wapo/><ref name=qz596565/> Amnesty International's China researcher cast doubt on the narrative, asking: "Why would four other employees of a company need to go missing in order to assist with a regular criminal case? How could other missing or otherwise investigated colleagues of Gui Minhai have any connection to the case?"<ref name=20160117guardian/> ''The Guardian'' drew a connection to [[Operation Fox Hunt]], a Chinese government campaign launched by Xi Jinping in 2014 to repatriate corrupt officials or opponents of the regime who had fled abroad, and which may also have been responsible for the abduction of the other missing booksellers.<ref name=20151208guardian/> By mid-June 2016, Gui's family had not yet received official confirmation that he was under detention, according to Gui's daughter.<ref name=scmp1976776/> === Reaction to detention === [[File:Kidnap by Kacey Wong.jpg|thumb|Artist [[Kacey Wong]] protesting against the Causeway Bay booksellers disappearances. The sign in his hand says "Hostage is well". 10 February 2016]] [[Bei Ling]], a personal friend of Gui and president of Independent Chinese PEN, said that Gui had not given himself up voluntarily but had in fact been abducted.<ref name="bbc160118"/> He confirmed that there had indeed been a drink-driving case involving Gui in which a young woman was killed but that the accident and his disappearance were unrelated.<ref name=20160119straitstimes/><ref name=20160121cpianalysis/> Bei asserted that there was no official record of Gui's departure from Thailand, and that international law had been violated by Gui's kidnapping.<ref name="bbc160118"/> He speculated that the abductors had returned to Gui's apartment to retrieve his passport, and that Gui may have been sent to China from Cambodia on a plane loaded with Chinese deportees.<ref name=20151208guardian/> Gui's daughter Angela had been notified of her father's disappearance in an email from Lee Bo dated 10 November in which Lee said he feared Gui had been taken to China "for political reasons".<ref name=scmp1922289/> Angela dismissed the assertion that her father had returned to the mainland voluntarily.<ref name=latimes20160120/><ref name=australian/> Sweden has repeatedly requested transparency from China, and summoned the Thai ambassador for information in December.<ref name=latimes20160120/> After the appearance of the video confession, the Swedish foreign ministry reported that a Swedish envoy was finally allowed to visit Gui.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="scmp1966843"/> In January 2016, Swedish foreign minister [[Margot Wallström]] condemned the forced confessions of Dahlin and Gui (who are both Swedish citizens) on Chinese television, terming them "unacceptable". The Chinese government has said that Gui was first and foremost a Chinese subject, and the Swedish government seems to have quietly accepted this position. The Swedish diplomatic effort has been through consular channels and has been low-profile.<ref name=20161017hongkongfp/> In late February 2016, state media appeared to clarify the charges against Gui, saying that Gui was being held for "illegal business operations". He is alleged to have knowingly distributed books not approved by China's press and publication authority – according to the charges, some 4,000 such books had been sent by post disguised as different books to 380 buyers in 28 cities in mainland China since October 2014.<ref name="20160229hongkongfp"/> Also in early February, the European Parliament issued a statement asking for Gui, Lee Bo, and their three colleagues at Causeway Bay Books to be released immediately. In his report on Hong Kong for the second half of 2015, British Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond expressed concern about the Causeway Bay Books disappearances, and said in particular that the abduction of Gui's colleague Lee Bo, a British citizen, from Hong Kong was "a serious breach of the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]] on Hong Kong and undermines the principle of [[one country, two systems]]".<ref name="20160212theguardian"/> Gui's detention was discussed at the US Congressional Executive Committee on China in May.<ref name=20161017hongkongfp/> In September, Angela spoke before the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]], and also made an emotional plea on behalf of her father on Swedish television, an appearance which prompted another public statement by Wallström on the detention. The Swedish government, which said that they had been involved in "quiet diplomacy" with the Chinese regime, secured a second audience with Gui after 11 months of detention.<ref name="20161017hongkongfp"/> A year after Gui's disappearance, there is a general consensus among commentators that the five booksellers were abducted by Chinese authorities.<ref name="AutoLM-1"/> {{as of|2016|October}}, Gui has spent a year in detention, while the other four men were released in early March 2016.<ref name="20160304guardian"/><ref name="scmp1922757"/> One colleague, [[Lam Wing-kee]], gave an interview that received significant media coverage in which he spoke in great detail about his abduction and his months in detention by mainland law enforcement in Ningbo and subsequently Shaoguan. Their other colleagues have remained low profile and refused comment.<ref name="scmp1976598"/> In June 2017, Swedish Prime Minister [[Stefan Löfven]] talked to the Chinese President during a state visit about the case of Gui Minhai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2017-06-26/lofven-lyfte-fragan-om-minhai-med-presidenten|title=Löfven lyfte frågan om Minhai med presidenten|work=Sydsvenskan|accessdate=26 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626105901/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2017-06-26/lofven-lyfte-fragan-om-minhai-med-presidenten|archive-date=26 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> === Release from PSB custody and apparent recapture === According to Chinese officials, Gui Minhai was set free on 17 October 2017; Sweden's Foreign Ministry had received notification from the Chinese authorities that Gui had been released, "although neither his daughter nor Swedish authorities knew of his whereabouts" for a certain time afterwards.<ref name=cnn_griffths>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/24/asia/gui-minhai-hong-kong-china/index.html|title=China frees Hong Kong bookseller Gui Minhai but his whereabouts unknown|first=James|last=Griffiths|publisher=CNN|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073329/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/24/asia/gui-minhai-hong-kong-china/index.html|archive-date=4 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 January 2018, a group of about 10 men in plain clothes boarded a train bound for Beijing and pulled Gui from the train. Gui was on his way to a medical examination in Beijing accompanied by two senior Swedish diplomats, according to his daughter, Angela. The Swedish government acknowledges the incident.<ref name=20180122nytimes>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/22/world/asia/china-police-bookseller-train-gui-minhai.html|title=Chinese Police Seize Publisher From Train in Front of Diplomats|first=Chris|last=Buckley|date=22 January 2018|work=The New York Times}}</ref> In early February, Gui again appeared in a confession before reporters from pro-establishment news outlets including the ''South China Morning Post'' of Hong Kong. Gui, who had been in custody or under close surveillance for the past two years, appeared to have been freed in October 2017. He said that Sweden had sensationalised his case and tricked him into an unsuccessful attempt to leave China using a medical appointment at the Swedish embassy in Beijing as a pretext. They would supposedly wait for an opportunity to repatriate Gui to Sweden. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International denounced "this sort of contrived [confession] made in incommunicado detention". Sweden later condemned China's "brutal intervention" in Gui's case the following week.<ref name=20180210theguardian>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/10/bookseller-gui-minhai-surfaces-in-chinese-custody-to-deliver-staged-confession|title=Bookseller Gui Minhai surfaces in Chinese custody to deliver staged confession|first=Tom|last=Phillips|date=10 February 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210234456/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/10/bookseller-gui-minhai-surfaces-in-chinese-custody-to-deliver-staged-confession|archive-date=10 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Misinformation campaign=== A study by the [[Australian Strategic Policy Institute]] which analysed the tweets of Chinese government controlled accounts banned by Twitter in response to the [[2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests]] found that the accounts also targeted Gui Minhai. Other dissidents targeted by the bot network included [[Guo Wengui]] and [[Yu Wensheng]] as well as striking PLA veterans. The [[misinformation]] campaign ran from 23 January to 23 February 2018. 23 January was the day news broke that Gui had been seized off a train.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elise Thomas & Dr Jacob Wallis |first1=Tom Uren |title=Tweeting through the Great Firewall |url=https://www.aspi.org.au/report/tweeting-through-great-firewall |website=aspi.org.au |publisher=Australian Strategic Policy Institute |accessdate=4 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014181659/https://www.aspi.org.au/report/tweeting-through-great-firewall |archive-date=14 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=McCarthy |first1=Simone |title=Before the Hong Kong protests, banned Twitter accounts 'targeted Chinese government critics' |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3025551/hong-kong-protests-banned-twitter-accounts-targeted-chinese |website=South China Morning Post |accessdate=4 September 2019 |date=3 September 2019 |quote=... groups of these accounts have worked together to question the character or motivations of figures like human rights lawyer Yu Wensheng who was detained after his call for constitutional reform, and Gui, who published gossipy books about Chinese political leaders ... 'We are seeing similar approaches to the way in which China's domestic internet is moderated through a state-mandated flooding and shaping of sentiment,' Wallis said of the Twitter account activity. 'But that [approach] doesn't work in an internet environment that is completely unbounded. The messaging can't get the same traction and there's too much other noise.' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904005202/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3025551/hong-kong-protests-banned-twitter-accounts-targeted-chinese |archive-date=4 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Backdoor diplomacy controversy === In February 2019, Gui's daughter Angela made a blog post documenting a "very strange experience" involving [[Anna Lindstedt]], Sweden's ambassador to China. In it, she alleged that Lindstedt contacted her in mid-January and invited her to a meeting in Stockholm that she had set up with some Chinese businessmen who she thought could help secure her father's release.<ref name=20190214theguardian/> Angela recounted in her blog that the meetings were held at a private lounge in a Stockholm hotel, where she was sequestered for days, and was even escorted to and from the bathroom. The men, who claimed to have "connections within the Chinese Communist Party", apparently used a mixture of inducements, manipulation and threats on her. She was told her that her father's release would be contingent on her stopping her campaign and avoiding media engagement. They offered her a Chinese visa as well as a job in the Chinese embassy.<ref name=20190214theguardian>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/sweden-investigates-ambassador-china-strange-meetings|title=Sweden investigates its Beijing ambassador over 'strange' meetings|first=Kate|last=Lyons|date=14 February 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215123737/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/sweden-investigates-ambassador-china-strange-meetings|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> To Angela, Ambassador Lindstedt's presence and seemingly supportive stance suggested the talks were initiated by the Swedish foreign ministry. She nevertheless felt uncomfortable with the meetings. When she later made inquiries of the Swedish foreign ministry, it said it was unaware of the events.<ref name=20190214theguardian/> The Chinese embassy in Stockholm denied any involvement; the Swedish foreign ministry said it was not aware of the events until after the meetings had taken place. It confirmed to the press that the ambassador had been recalled, and that an internal investigation into the incident was under way.<ref name=20190214theguardian/><ref name=scmp2186145>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2186145/ambassador-china-anna-lindstedt-sent-back-sweden-after-gui |title=Ambassador to China Anna Lindstedt sent back to Sweden after Gui Minhai reports |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216151913/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2186145/ambassador-china-anna-lindstedt-sent-back-sweden-after-gui |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=20190214hongkongfp>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/02/14/threats-verbal-abuse-bribes-flattery-wont-silence-sweden-probes-unauthorised-meeting-daughter-bookseller-detained-china/|title='Threats, verbal abuse, bribes, flattery' won't silence me: Sweden probes unauthorised meeting with daughter of bookseller detained in China|date=14 February 2019|website=Hong Kong Free Press|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215143715/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/02/14/threats-verbal-abuse-bribes-flattery-wont-silence-sweden-probes-unauthorised-meeting-daughter-bookseller-detained-china/|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 December, Lindstedt was charged by Swedish prosecutors for "arbitrariness during negotiations with a foreign power", with a possible maximum prison sentence of 2 years.<ref name=20191209nytimes>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/09/world/europe/sweden-ambassador-china.html|title=Sweden Charges Ex-Ambassador to China Over Secret Meetings|last=Magra|first=Iliana|date=9 December 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 December 2019|last2=Buckley|first2=Chris|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209163202/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/09/world/europe/sweden-ambassador-china.html|archive-date=9 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> === 2020 trial and sentence === Gui was detained for charges related to "illegal business operations", according to Chinese officials.<ref name=20200227theguardian>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/27/gui-minhais-daughter-says-china-buried-his-sentence-amid-coronavirus-outbreak?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other</ref> However, it was announced on 25 February 2020 that he was tried for "illegally providing intelligence overseas", and sentenced Gui to 10 years' imprisonment.<ref name=bbc51624433>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51624433|title=China jails Hong Kong bookseller for 10 years|date=25 February 2020|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Rights groups condemned the "harsh sentence"; Amnesty International said the charges were "completely unsubstantiated" and demanded his release.<ref name=bbc51624433/> Although Gui was a naturalised Swedish citizen who had renewed his passport sometime between late 2017 and mid-2018<ref name=msnBB10whfd/> The Ningbo Intermediate People's Court where Gui was tried said that Gui had applied to restore his Chinese citizenship in 2018 – a measure observers have described as an unprecedented move to cut off consular access.<ref name=20200227theguardian/><ref name=msnBB10whfd/><ref name=20200229hongkongfp/> Peter Dahlin, fellow Swedish who had been made to confess on Chinese television before he was deported, commented: “the only 'state secrets' that Gui may have is knowledge about how Chinese agents kidnapped him in Thailand, and about the torture he has endured after being returned to China".<ref name=20200225hongkongfp/> Chinese officials have insisted someone like Gui is considered "a Chinese national first and foremost." Legal scholars and many overseas Chinese who have acquired foreign citizenship have expressed their great concern at the apparently selective application of Chinese nationality law that bans dual citizenship.<ref name=20200225cnn>https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/25/asia/gui-minhai-china-hong-kong-sentence-intl-hnk/index.html</ref> [[Jerome A. Cohen]] and [[Donald C. Clarke]], both respected legal scholars on China, said the use against a former Chinese citizen was in breach of Article 36 of the [[Vienna Convention on Consular Relations]], and the move could foretell its use on any non-ethnic Chinese critic if they so please.<ref name=20200229hongkongfp>https://www.hongkongfp.com/2020/02/29/jailed-bookseller-gui-minhai-citizenship-ploy-beijing-infringes-intl-law-rules/</ref> The Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs declared that Gui was still a citizen due to the fact that “Swedish citizenship can only be renounced after an examination and a decision by the Swedish Migration Agency".<ref name=20200225hongkongfp>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2020/02/25/gui-minhai-swedish-says-stockholm-claim-jailed-bookseller-sought-reinstate-chinese-citizenship/|title=Gui Minhai is Swedish, says Stockholm, following claim jailed bookseller sought to reinstate Chinese citizenship|first=Kelly|last=Ho|website=Hong Kong Free Press|date=25 February 2020}}</ref> Sweden, which had been denied access to the trial, demanded that Gui be "released and that we have access to our citizens to provide consular support".<ref name=bbc51624433/><ref name=20200225globeandmail>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-china-sentences-swedish-bookseller-gui-minhai-to-10-years-in-prison/</ref> The EU said “There are serious questions to be answered about this case. His rights, including ''inter alia'' to consular access and due process, have not been respected”.<ref name=20200227theguardian/> The Chinese foreign ministry said consular arrangements were on hold, and would be restored once [[Mainland China during the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak|the coronavirus epidemic]] was "resolved".<ref name=bbc51624433/> Willy Lam, senior fellow at the Jamestown Foundation, said: "At a time of national emergency, when parts of China have fallen under virtual martial law, authorities think they can do whatever they want."<ref name=msnBB10whfd>https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/message-is-clear-china-jails-hong-kong-publisher-gui-minhai/ar-BB10whfd</ref> ==Awards== In 2019, Gui was awarded the [[Tucholsky Prize]] by the Swedish [[PEN International|PEN]] (Svenska PEN).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2019-11-15/gui-minhai-prisades-av-svenska-pen|title=Gui Minhai prisades av Svenska Pen|work=Svenska Dagbladet|accessdate=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116134741/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2019-11-15/gui-minhai-prisades-av-svenska-pen|archive-date=16 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Sweden's Chinese embassy decried the award to "a criminal that {{sic}} committed serious crimes in both China and Sweden", and threatened "bad consequences". The embassy also objected to the attendance of Culture Minister [[Amanda Lind]] at the ceremony, saying that Lind would be ''persona non grata'' in China if she attended.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3038062/chinese-embassy-sweden-warns-bad-consequences-after-gui-minhai |title=Chinese embassy in Sweden warns of 'bad consequences' after Gui Minhai gets literary prize |access-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210195140/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3038062/chinese-embassy-sweden-warns-bad-consequences-after-gui-minhai |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Bibliography == *《二十世纪西方文化史掠影》Beijing Normal University Press, 1991 {{ISBN|7810141120}} *《北欧的神话传说》Liaoning University Press, 1992 {{ISBN|7561017294}} *《雍正十年: 那条瑞典船的故事》China Social Sciences Press, 2006 {{ISBN|7801064194}}<ref name="AutoAI-2"/> *《我把黑森林留给你》 香港文化艺术出版社, 2007 == References ==<!-- |archivedate=29 January 2017--> {{reflist|refs= <ref name=mingpao1453140356>{{cite web|url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/dailynews/web_tc/article/20160119/s00002/1453140356296|title=桂友：30年前已用「桂敏海」 近年被指錯字|date=19 January 2016|work=Ming Pao|language=zh|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lyCVcI7S?url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/dailynews/web_tc/article/20160119/s00002/1453140356296|archivedate=12 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="poem">{{cite book|title=中国当代校园诗人诗选|editor=馬朝陽|year=1987|publisher=北京師範大學五四文學社|pages=205–206|language=Chinese}} In this poetry selection is a poem by "Ah Hai" from Peking University (阿海（北京大學）), enrolled in 1981 (一九八一級), with an author profile at the end of the poem, which stated that he was born in 1964, his hometown is Ningbo, Zhejiang, he had graduated from the Department of History at Peking University in 1985, and his Chinese name is 桂敏海 (Guì Mǐnhǎi). This shows that his original Chinese name is 桂敏海 (Guì Mǐnhǎi), not 桂民海 (Guì Mínhǎi). [https://imgur.com/a/SN10P A scan of the page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925103109/https://imgur.com/a/SN10P |date=25 September 2018 }} is here.</ref> <ref name="zhou">{{cite book|title=雀巢集|author=周代|pages=215–218|publisher=長江文藝出版社|year=1994|language=zh}} A prose of Zhou Dai in 1992 on his son's friend "Ah Hai" in Sweden said that "Ah Hai", born in Ningbo in 1964 and a Class of 1985 graduate of Peking University, was doing his PhD in University of Gothenburg, was an assistant researcher at [[Nordic Institute of Asian Studies]], and his Chinese name is 桂敏海 (Guì Mǐnhǎi) [https://imgur.com/a/mORFI A scan of the page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925103109/https://imgur.com/a/mORFI |date=25 September 2018 }} is here.</ref> <ref name=scmp1922289>{{cite web |url= https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1922289/exclusive-email-reveals-lee-po-feared-gui-minhai-kidnapped |title= Exclusive: email reveals Lee Po feared Gui Minhai kidnapped by Chinese agents before he himself disappeared |date= 7 March 2016 |first1= Phila |last1= Siu |work= South China Morning Post |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lyCnKlu3?url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1922289/exclusive-email-reveals-lee-po-feared-gui-minhai-kidnapped |archivedate= 12 November 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name=chinesepen>{{cite web |url= https://www.chinesepen.org/english/218-gui-minhai |title= Gui Minhai |publisher= Independent Chinese PEN Center |access-date= 5 November 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161106061955/https://www.chinesepen.org/english/218-gui-minhai |archive-date= 6 November 2016 |url-status= live }}</ref> <ref name=scmp1897366>{{cite web |url= https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1897366/controversial-hong-kong-bookseller-becomes-fifth-man-go |title= Controversial Hong Kong bookseller becomes fifth man to go missing in mysterious circumstances |work= South China Morning Post |date= 2 January 2016 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lyD8JMZp?url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1897366/controversial-hong-kong-bookseller-becomes-fifth-man-go |archivedate= 12 November 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name=20160118nytimes>{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/18/world/asia/missing-man-back-in-china-confessing-to-fatal-crime.html |title= Missing Man Back in China, Confessing to Fatal Crime |date= 18 January 2016 |work= The New York Times |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lyDFOYR2?url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/18/world/asia/missing-man-back-in-china-confessing-to-fatal-crime.html |archivedate= 12 November 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name=scmp1976776>{{cite web |url= https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1976776/daughter-missing-hong-kong-bookseller-gui-minhai-hopeful |title= Daughter of missing Hong Kong bookseller Gui Minhai hopeful after return of Lam Wing-kee |date= 17 June 2016 |work= South China Morning Post |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lyDQ1NFD?url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1976776/daughter-missing-hong-kong-bookseller-gui-minhai-hopeful |archivedate= 12 November 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="20160117guardian">{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|title=Missing Hong Kong bookseller 'confesses' on Chinese state TV|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/17/missing-hong-kong-bookseller-gui-minhai-reappears-on-chinese-tv|accessdate=17 January 2017|work=The Guardian|date=17 January 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nt8zPfRo?url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/17/missing-hong-kong-bookseller-gui-minhai-reappears-on-chinese-tv|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=nbcnews505046>{{cite web |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/china/disappearances-forced-confessions-china-targets-dissent-n505046 |title= Disappearances, Forced Confessions: China Targets Dissent |first= Ed |last= Flanagan |publisher= NBC News |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lyDVCN2U?url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/china/disappearances-forced-confessions-china-targets-dissent-n505046 |archivedate= 12 November 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name=20160121cpianalysis>{{cite web |url= https://cpianalysis.org/2016/01/21/unreliable-evidence-in-the-case-of-the-missing-hong-kong-booksellers/ |first= Jackie |last= Sheehan |title= Unreliable evidence in the case of the missing Hong Kong booksellers |date= 21 January 2016 |publisher= China Policy Institute, The University of Nottingham |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lyDhnJU0?url=https://cpianalysis.org/2016/01/21/unreliable-evidence-in-the-case-of-the-missing-hong-kong-booksellers/ |archivedate= 12 November 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name=latimes20160120>{{cite web |url= https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-missing-hong-kong-20160120-story.html |title= Mystery deepens as two missing Hong Kong men surface in mainland China |first1= Julie |last1= Makinen |first2= Jonathan |last2= Kaiman |date= 20 January 2016 |work= Los Angeles Times |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6lyDlMdbO?url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-missing-hong-kong-20160120-story.html |archivedate= 12 November 2016 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name=scmp1902296>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1902296/what-has-happened-him-abduction-gui-minhai-was-involved|title='What has happened to him is abduction': Gui Minhai was involved in drink drive accident but trip to mainland dubious, close friend reveals|first1=Phila|last1=Siu|first2=Jeffie|last2=Lam|date=18 January 2016|work=South China Morning Post|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lyDo4TTx?url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1902296/what-has-happened-him-abduction-gui-minhai-was-involved|archivedate=12 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=201600903hongkongfp>{{cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/09/03/a-call-that-never-comes-why-i-cannot-remain-silent-after-chinese-authorities-abducted-my-father/|title=A call that never comes: Why I cannot remain silent after Chinese authorities abducted my father|first=Angela|last=Gui|date=3 September 2016|publisher=Hong Kong Free Press|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lyDsuICi?url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/09/03/a-call-that-never-comes-why-i-cannot-remain-silent-after-chinese-authorities-abducted-my-father/|archivedate=12 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AutoAI-3">{{cite journal|title=我們與寧波共繁榮——首屆在甬外商投資企業家論壇發言選載|journal=寧波通訊|year=2001|number=1|pages=26–28|quote=創業之路在故鄉－唐友環保工程（寧波）有限公司董事長兼總經理桂敏海：我生在寧波，長在寧波，是個地道的寧波人。雖然我離開寧波將近20年了，但是當我決定在環保科技領域內投資創業的時候，毫無疑慮地回到了寧波，在自己的故鄉走上了一條創業之路。……這一點，歐洲人反而重視，我在瑞典時就給很多瑞典企業講過跨文化交流的課|language=zh}} [https://i64.tinypic.com/mkxgxw.jpg A scan of the page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924162021/https://i64.tinypic.com/mkxgxw.jpg |date=24 September 2016 }} is here.</ref> <ref name=20160117hongkongfp>{{cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/01/17/questions-raised-after-missing-hk-bookseller-confesses-to-drink-driving-death-on-state-tv/|title=Questions raised after missing HK bookseller 'confesses' to drink-driving death on state TV|first=Tom|last=Grundy|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=17 January 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lyE8Rhgn?url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/01/17/questions-raised-after-missing-hk-bookseller-confesses-to-drink-driving-death-on-state-tv|archivedate=12 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AutoAI-4">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=tidKAQAAIAAJ|title=中国老年|date=15 February 2005|publisher=中国老年杂志社|via=Google Books|access-date=8 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922101924/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=tidKAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=22 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=nextmedia19440544>{{cite web|url=https://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20160106/19440544|title=內地針對的是桂民海|date=6 January 2016|work=Apple Daily|language=zh|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nt98cJzH?url=https://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20160106/19440544|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=20160119straitstimes>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/tv-confession-dubious-activists|title=TV confession dubious: Activists|date=19 January 2016|work=The Straits Times|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nt9GvSQO?url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/tv-confession-dubious-activists|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=20151208guardian>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/gui-minhai-the-strange-disappearance-of-a-publisher-who-riled-chinas-elite|title=Gui Minhai: the strange disappearance of a publisher who riled China's elite|first=Oliver|last=Holmes|work=The Guardian|date=8 December 2015|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lyEFr9Ym?url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/gui-minhai-the-strange-disappearance-of-a-publisher-who-riled-chinas-elite|archivedate=12 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AutoMV-1">{{cite web|url=https://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20160106/19440544|title=內地針對的是桂民海|trans-title=Mainland targeting Gui Minhai|date=6 January 2016|work=Apple Daily|language=zh|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lyECbg9u?url=https://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20160106/19440544|archivedate=12 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=boxun>{{cite web|url=https://en.boxun.com/2015/11/06/hong-kong-publisher-kidnapped-in-thailand-and-returned-to-china/|title=Hong Kong publisher kidnapped in Thailand and returned to China!|first=Edi|last1=Tor|publisher=Boxun News|date=6 November 2015|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lyEOF9dh?url=https://en.boxun.com/2015/11/06/hong-kong-publisher-kidnapped-in-thailand-and-returned-to-china|archivedate=12 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=nextmedia19458046>{{cite web|url=https://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20160119/19458046|title=不理會央視桂民海片段 瑞典政府堅持尋真相|trans-title=Ignoring the CCTV confession, the Swedish Government insists on the truth|date=19 January 2016|work=Apple Daily|language=zh|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nt9SAbP3?url=https://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20160119/19458046|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=time4184324>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/4184324/gui-minhai-dissident-search/|title=China's Hunt for Dissidents Expands to Foreign Countries|first=Hannah|last=Beech|date=18 January 2016|work=Time|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nt9ikwlP?url=https://time.com/4184324/gui-minhai-dissident-search|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=Initium>{{cite news|title=香港禁書書店老闆「被消失」奇案|trans-title=The strange case of bookstore 'disappearances'|url=https://theinitium.com/article/20151110-hongkong-hkbooksellers/|accessdate=6 January 2016|author1=洛秋心|author2=蘇文華|work=The Initium|date=10 November 2015|language=zh|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nt9tqxr4?url=https://theinitium.com/article/20151110-hongkong-hkbooksellers|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=bbc35219260>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-china-blog-35219260|title=The 'unprecedented' case of the missing Hong Kong bookseller|first=Juliana|last=Liu|publisher=BBC News|date=4 January 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6nt9zk8px?url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-china-blog-35219260|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=20160105nytimes>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/05/world/asia/mighty-current-media-hong-kong-lee-bo.html|title=Disappearance of 5 Tied to Publisher Prompts Broader Worries in Hong Kong|date=5 January 2016|first=Michael|last=Forsythe|work=The New York Times|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ntA8DbGR?url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/05/world/asia/mighty-current-media-hong-kong-lee-bo.html|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=20160107guardianpull>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/07/hong-kong-bookshops-pull-politically-sensitive-titles-after-publishers-vanish|title=Hong Kong bookshops pull politically sensitive titles after publishers vanish|first=Ilaria Maria|last=Sala|work=The Guardian|date=7 January 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ntAGaNMq?url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/07/hong-kong-bookshops-pull-politically-sensitive-titles-after-publishers-vanish|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AutoAI-5">{{cite news|title=桂民海發神秘訊息予女　員工料失蹤或因新書|trans-title=Gui Minhai's mysterious SMS to daughter; colleagues fear disappearance linked to new book|url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20151114/bkn-20151114171043185-1114_00822_001.html|accessdate=6 January 2016|work=Oriental Daily News|date=14 November 2015|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118114515/https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20151114/bkn-20151114171043185-1114_00822_001.html|archive-date=18 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AutoAI-6">{{cite news|title=銅鑼灣書店東主失蹤後　曾有四人搜掠其住所　BBC：桂民海擬出版習近平內幕書|url=https://thestandnews.com/society/銅鑼灣書店東主失蹤後-曾有四人搜掠其住所-bbc-桂民海擬出版習近平內幕書/|language=zh|accessdate=6 January 2016|publisher=The Stand News|date=13 November 2015|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ntAYhDJh?url=https://thestandnews.com/society/%E9%8A%85%E9%91%BC%E7%81%A3%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97%E6%9D%B1%E4%B8%BB%E5%A4%B1%E8%B9%A4%E5%BE%8C-%E6%9B%BE%E6%9C%89%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%90%9C%E6%8E%A0%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%8F%E6%89%80-bbc-%E6%A1%82%E6%B0%91%E6%B5%B7%E6%93%AC%E5%87%BA|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=Sweden2>{{cite web|title=【書店5人失蹤】巨流傳媒瑞典籍股東桂民海疑泰國失蹤　瑞典外交部：嚴正看待|trans-title=Book shop missing 5: Disappearance of Swedish national Gui Minhai in Thailand – Sweden gravely concerned|url=https://news.mingpao.com/ins/instantnews/web_tc/article/20160105/s00001/1451992774457|work=[[Ming Pao]]|date=5 January 2016|accessdate=6 January 2016|language=zh|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ntAYhDJh?url=https://thestandnews.com/society/%E9%8A%85%E9%91%BC%E7%81%A3%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97%E6%9D%B1%E4%B8%BB%E5%A4%B1%E8%B9%A4%E5%BE%8C-%E6%9B%BE%E6%9C%89%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%90%9C%E6%8E%A0%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%8F%E6%89%80-bbc-%E6%A1%82%E6%B0%91%E6%B5%B7%E6%93%AC%E5%87%BA|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AutoAI-7">{{cite news|title=[今日说法]本期话题：求证(8 April 2005 )|url=https://www.cntv.cn/program/lawtoday/20050411/100463.shtml|accessdate=17 January 2016|publisher=[[China Central Television]]|language=zh|date=11 April 2005|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ntBQ4TNZ?url=https://www.cntv.cn/program/lawtoday/20050411/100463.shtml|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- <ref name="AutoAI-8">{{cite web|url=https://www.molihua.org/2015/11/blog-post_316.html|title=中国茉莉花革命}}</ref>--> <ref name=xinhuanet1117800737>{{cite news|title=香港铜锣湾书店老板桂敏海"失踪"事件调查|trans-title=Disappearance of Causeway Bay Books boss case under investigation|url=https://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2016-01/17/c_1117800737.htm|accessdate=17 January 2016|agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|language=zh|date=17 January 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ntBVUXG0?url=https://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2016-01/17/c_1117800737.htm|archivedate=29 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=rthk>{{cite web|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1237336-20160121.htm|title=Action against CCTV urged over 'forced confession'|date=21 January 2016|publisher=RTHK|access-date=14 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115072931/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1237336-20160121.htm|archive-date=15 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=scmp1902805>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1902805/who-believes-chinas-narrative-hong-kongs-missing-bookseller|title=Who believes China's narrative on Hong Kong's missing bookseller mystery?|first=Laura|last=Ma|date=19 January 2016|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401124239/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1902805/who-believes-chinas-narrative-hong-kongs-missing-bookseller|archive-date=1 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=australian>{{cite web|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/china-says-missing-bookseller-on-mainland/news-story/d3c914d45edf7825ca3f7b235fc40b76|title=Bookseller confession 'not enough'|date=19 January 2016|agency=Australian Associated Press|work=The Australian}}</ref> <ref name=201601asiancorrespondent>{{cite news|url=https://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/01/china-confirms-missing-hong-kong-publisher-in-mainland/|title=China says missing Hong Kong publisher Lee Bo is in mainland|work=Asian Correspondent|date=19 January 2016|access-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127181208/https://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/01/china-confirms-missing-hong-kong-publisher-in-mainland/|archive-date=27 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=20160118wapo>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/01/18/hong-kong-booksellers-televised-confession-was-absurd-and-incoherent-and-thats-the-point/|title=Hong Kong bookseller's televised 'confession' was absurd and incoherent – and that's the point|first=Emily|last=Rauhala|date=18 January 2016|work=The Washington Post|access-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118123633/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/01/18/hong-kong-booksellers-televised-confession-was-absurd-and-incoherent-and-thats-the-point/|archive-date=18 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="WP2">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/china-is-trying-to-muzzle-gui-minhai-these-poems-tell-his-story/2018/07/29/c75b18dc-91bc-11e8-b769-e3fff17f0689_story.html?noredirect=on|title=Why is China afraid of this man?|first=Fred|last=Hiatt|date=29 July 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213113934/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/china-is-trying-to-muzzle-gui-minhai-these-poems-tell-his-story/2018/07/29/c75b18dc-91bc-11e8-b769-e3fff17f0689_story.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don|archive-date=13 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=qz596565>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/596565/chinese-citizens-are-questioning-hong-kong-bookseller-gui-minhais-public-confession/|title=Chinese citizens don't believe Hong Kong bookseller Gui Minhai's public confession either|first=Zheping|last=Huang|work=Quartz|date=19 January 2016|access-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119111537/https://qz.com/596565/chinese-citizens-are-questioning-hong-kong-bookseller-gui-minhais-public-confession/|archive-date=19 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=bbc160118>{{cite news|title=香港铜锣湾书店案：瑞典寻求中国澄清桂民海下落|trans-title=Causeway Bay Books case: Sweden seeks clarification on whereabouts of Gui Minhai|url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/01/160118_hongkong_bookstore_row|publisher=[[BBC]]|language=zh|date=18 January 2016|access-date=8 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122001800/https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/01/160118_hongkong_bookstore_row|archive-date=22 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite news| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-35685999| title = Missing Hong Kong booksellers paraded on Chinese TV| publisher = BBC News| date = 29 February 2016| access-date = 21 June 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160302000005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-35685999| archive-date = 2 March 2016| url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=scmp1966843>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1966843/detained-causeway-bay-bookseller-gui-minhai-not-seen-swedish|title=Detained Causeway Bay bookseller Gui Minhai not seen by Swedish diplomats for more than three months, says consul general|first=Stuart|last=Lau|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611155026/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1966843/detained-causeway-bay-bookseller-gui-minhai-not-seen-swedish|archive-date=11 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=20161017hongkongfp>{{cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/10/17/the-last-missing-bookseller-one-year-on-the-anniversary-of-gui-minhais-abduction-demands-action/|title=The last missing bookseller: One year on, the anniversary of Gui Minhai's abduction demands action|first=Michael|last=Caster|date=17 October 2016|work=Hong Kong Free Press|access-date=23 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023150749/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/10/17/the-last-missing-bookseller-one-year-on-the-anniversary-of-gui-minhais-abduction-demands-action/|archive-date=23 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=20160229hongkongfp>{{cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/02/29/58042/|title=Missing booksellers 'operated illegal business', but could return to HK soon – state media|first=Karen|last=Cheung|date=29 February 2016|work=Hong Kong Free Press|access-date=9 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310081624/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/02/29/58042/|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=20160212theguardian>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/12/britain-accuses-china-of-serious-breach-of-treaty-over-removed-hong-kong-booksellers|first=Stuart|last=Leavenworth|title=Britain accuses China of serious breach of treaty over 'removed' Hong Kong booksellers|date=12 February 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206205710/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/12/britain-accuses-china-of-serious-breach-of-treaty-over-removed-hong-kong-booksellers|archive-date=6 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AutoLM-1">{{cite news|url=https://www.actualitte.com/article/monde-edition/depuis-plus-d-un-an-l-editeur-gui-minhai-est-detenu-en-chine/67558|title=Depuis plus d'un an, l'éditeur Gui Minhai est détenu en Chine|trans-title=For more than one year, publisher Gui Minhai remains under detention in China|first=Antoine|last=Oury|date=18 October 2016|work=ActuaLitté|access-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105224821/https://www.actualitte.com/article/monde-edition/depuis-plus-d-un-an-l-editeur-gui-minhai-est-detenu-en-chine/67558|archive-date=5 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="20160304guardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/04/missing-bookseller-back-in-hong-kong-government-says|title=Missing bookseller Lui Por back in Hong Kong, government says|work=The Guardian|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=4 March 2016|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730103404/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/04/missing-bookseller-back-in-hong-kong-government-says|archive-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=scmp1922757>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1922757/quick-turnabout-two-booksellers-hurried-back-across-border|title=Booksellers slipped back to mainland China after requesting Hong Kong police drop missing persons cases|first1=Phila|last1=Siu|first2=Oliver|last2=Chou|first3=Clifford|last3=Lo|date=9 March 2016|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624012804/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1922757/quick-turnabout-two-booksellers-hurried-back-across-border|archive-date=24 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=scmp1976598>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1976598/full-transcript-lam-wing-kees-opening-statement-his-hong|title=Full transcript of Lam Wing-kee's opening statement at his Hong Kong press conference|first=Jennifer|last=Ngo|work=South China Morning Post|date=17 June 2016|access-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011000939/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1976598/full-transcript-lam-wing-kees-opening-statement-his-hong|archive-date=11 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AutoAI-2">[https://www.amazon.cn/dp/B00112ZYB6 雍正十年1732:那条瑞典船的故事 平装 – 2006年1月1日] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215834/https://www.amazon.cn/dp/B00112ZYB6 |date=25 September 2018 }} Amazon.com</ref> <ref name="Tangyou">{{cite book|title=工程技术实例与配套技术产品设备|author=国家环境保护局污染控制司|publisher=中国环境科学出版社|year=2004|pages=449|language=zh|quote=唐友環保工程（寧波）有限公司企業簡介：1990年，為了擴大生產能力，降低生產成本，唐友公司將工廠從瑞典的哥德堡遷往前捷克斯洛伐克（今天的斯洛伐克共和國）。今天，唐友公司在整個世界的同類公司中，生產的設備和產品種類最為齊全，品種多樣，尤其是在清除工業靜電、淨化大型建築室內空氣和解決機動車輛尾氣污染等領域，無論是理念、技術還是節能方面，均十分先進，並擁有一支始終在環境保護領域前列的科研隊伍。同時就充分保證了我們在環境保護領域中，始終保持世界領先地位。}}</ref> }} == External links == {{Wikiquote}} * [https://freeguiminhai.org/ Free Gui Minhai] * Liu, Juliana (4 February 2016). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-35480229 "Hong Kong's missing booksellers and 'banned' Xi Jinping book"]. BBC News *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxxY73pY6QE Gui Minhai's video confession], 17 January 2016, @YouTube *[https://boxun.com/news/gb/pubvp/2016/01/201601181118.shtml 李方：中共编造弥天大谎] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/10/bookseller-gui-minhai-surfaces-in-chinese-custody-to-deliver-staged-confession Bookseller Gui Minhai surfaces in Chinese custody to deliver staged confession]. ''The Guardian'', 10 February 2018 {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Minhai, Gui}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Book publishers (people)]] [[Category:Chinese emigrants to Sweden]] [[Category:Formerly missing people]] [[Category:Hong Kong writers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Missing person cases in Thailand]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of Sweden]] [[Category:Peking University alumni]] [[Category:Temporary disappearances]] [[Category:University of Gothenburg alumni]] [[Category:Writers from Ningbo]]'