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'{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2020}} {{short description|City in Texas, United States}} {{Distinguish|Tyler County, Texas}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Tyler, Texas | official_name = City of Tyler | settlement_type = [[City]] | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Tyler Texas Skyline 2012.jpg | photo2a = TylerCityHall1.JPG | photo2b = Tyler May 2016 01 (D. K. Caldwell Auditorium).jpg | photo3a = Tyler May 2016 35 (Smith County Courthouse).jpg | photo3b = Tyler May 2016 43 (KLTV).jpg | spacing = 1 | position = center | color_border = white | color = white | size = 270 | foot_montage = Clockwise from top: Downtown, Caldwell Auditorium, the [[KLTV]] headquarters, [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]] Courthouse, City Hall }} | image_seal = Seal of Tyler, Texas.png | seal_size = 80px | seal_alt = Seal of the City of Tyler, Texas | nickname = Rose City, Rose Capital, Rose Capital of America | motto = A Natural Beauty | image_map = Smith_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Tyler_highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location in [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]] and the state of [[Texas]] | coordinates = {{coord|32|21|N|95|18|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}} | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Texas}} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Smith County, Texas|Smith]] | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1846 | named_for = [[John Tyler]] | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Martin Heines]] ([[Democratic Party (U.S.)|D]]) | leader_title1 = [[City Council]] | leader_name1 = {{collapsible list|bullets=yes | title = Members | 1 = Linda Sellers | 2 = Broderick McGee | 3 = Ed Moore | 4 = Don Warren | 5 = Bob Westbrook | 6 = John Nix }} | leader_title2 = [[City Manager]] | leader_name2 = Edward Broussard | unit_pref = Imperial | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | area_total_km2 = 140.833 | area_total_sq_mi = 54.376 | area_land_km2 = 140.5 | area_land_sq_mi = 54.2 | area_water_km2 = 0.3 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.1 | elevation_m = 165 <!--USGS--> | elevation_ft = 544 <!--USGS--> | population_footnotes = <ref name="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=October 24, 2014}}</ref> | population_total = 96900 | population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]] | population_rank = US: [[List of United States cities by population|287th]] | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=July 16, 2019}}</ref> | population_est = 105,729 | pop_est_as_of = 2018 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = auto | population_urban = 130,247 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|247th]]) | population_metro = 216,080 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|200th]]) | timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]] | utc_offset = −6 | timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −5 | population_demonym = Tylerite | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s | postal_code = 757xx | area_code = [[Area codes 430 and 903|430, 903]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 48-74144<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=American FactFinder}}</ref> | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 1348998<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> | blank2_name = [[U.S. routes]] | blank2_info = [[File:US 69.svg|26px|link=U.S. Route 69 (Texas)]] [[File:US 271.svg|31px|link=U.S. Route 271 (Texas)]] | blank3_name = Major state highways | blank3_info = [[File:Texas 31.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 31]] [[File:Texas 64.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 64]] [[File:Texas 110.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 110]] [[File:Texas 155.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway 155]] [[File:Texas Loop 323.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway Loop 323]] [[File:Toll Texas 49 new.svg|27px|link=Texas State Highway Loop 49]] | blank1_name_sec2 = Primary airport | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tyler Pounds Regional Airport|Tyler Regional Airport]] | website = {{URL|http://www.cityoftyler.org}} | footnotes = }} '''Tyler''' is a city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]] and the largest city and [[county seat]] of [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> It is also the largest city in [[Northeast Texas]] and second largest city of the [[Ark-La-Tex]]. With a 2018 census-estimated population of 105,727,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas&g=1600000US4874144&hidePreview=false&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&vintage=2018&layer=place&cid=DP05_0001E|title=ACS 2018 Demographic and Housing Estimates|last=|first=|date=|website=data.census.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> Tyler was the [[List of cities in Texas by population|thirty-eighth most populous city in Texas]] and [[List of United States cities by population|292nd in the United States]]. It is the principal city of the [[Tyler metropolitan area|Tyler metropolitan statistical area]], which is the [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|199th most populous metropolitan area]] in the [[United States|U.S.]] and [[List of Texas metropolitan areas|16th in Texas]] after [[Waco metropolitan area|Waco]] and the [[Bryan–College Station|College Station–Bryan]] areas, with a population of 230,221 in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200312055304/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk|title=American FactFinder - Results|date=2020-03-12|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> The city is named for [[John Tyler]], the tenth [[President of the United States]]. In 1985, the international [[Adopt-a-Highway]] movement originated in Tyler. After appeals by local [[Texas Department of Transportation]] officials, the local [[Civitan International]] chapter adopted a two-mile (three kilometer) stretch of [[U.S. Route 69 in Texas|U.S. Route 69]] to maintain. Drivers and other motorists traveling on this segment of U.S. 69 (between Tyler and nearby [[Lindale, Texas|Lindale]]) will notice brown road signs that read, "First Adopt-A-Highway in the World". Tyler is known as the "Rose Capital of America" (also the "Rose City" and the "Rose Capital of the World"),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://visittyler.com|title=Welcome to Tyler, Texas|author=Tyler Convention & Visitors Bureau|access-date=April 10, 2017}}</ref> a [[nickname]] it earned from a long history of [[rose]] production, cultivation, and processing. It is home to the largest [[rose garden]] in the United States, a 14-[[acre]] public garden complex that has over 38,000 rose bushes of at least 500 different varieties.<ref name="Recreation">{{Cite web|url=http://parksandrec.cityoftyler.org/ParkDirectory/TylerRoseGarden.aspx|title=City of Tyler – Parks and Recreation > Park Directory > Tyler Rose Garden|last=Recreation|first=City of Tyler – Parks and|website=parksandrec.cityoftyler.org|access-date=October 14, 2016}}</ref> The Tyler Rose Garden is also home to the annual [[Texas Rose Festival]], attracting tourists by the thousands each year in mid-October.<ref name="Recreation" /> As Northeast Texas and Smith County's major economic, educational, financial, medical and cultural hub, Tyler is host to more than 20,000 [[Higher education|higher-education]] students, the [[University of Texas at Tyler]], a university health science center, and regional hospital systems. It is also the headquarters for [[Brookshire Grocery Company]], [[Cavender's]], , Southside Bank,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tylertexas.com/list/member/southside-bank-3621|title=Southside Bank|website=www.tylertexas.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/southsidebank|title=Southside Bank {{!}} LinkedIn|last=|first=|date=|website=[[LinkedIn]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> and [[Synthesizers.com]]. Other corporations with major presence within the city limits and surrounding area include [[AT&T]], [[T-Mobile US]], [[Cricket Wireless]] and [[Metro by T-Mobile]], [[Chase Bank]], [[BBVA USA|BBVA]], [[Best Buy]], and [[Walmart]]. Tyler is also home to the [[Caldwell Zoo]] and [[Broadway Square Mall]]. ==History== {{see also|Timeline of Tyler, Texas}} Legal recognition of Tyler was initiated by an act of the [[Texas Legislature|state legislature]] on April 11, 1846. The Texas government created Smith County and authorized a county seat. The first plat designated a 28-block town site centered by a main square, located within a 100-acre tract acquired by Smith County on February 6, 1847. The new town was named for [[John Tyler|President John Tyler]], who advocated for the [[Texas annexation|annexation of Texas]] by the United States. A log building on the north side of the square functioned as courthouse and public meeting hall until it was displaced by a brick courthouse in 1852. On January 29, 1850, Tyler was incorporated. Early religious and social institutions included the First Baptist church and a Methodist church, a [[Masonic lodge]] and an [[Odd Fellows|Odd Fellows lodge]], and Tyler's first newspaper.<ref name="hto">{{cite web|series=Handbook of Texas Online|first=Christopher |last=Long|title=TYLER, TX|access-date=November 3, 2018| url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdt04|date=June 15, 2010|publisher=Texas State Historical Association}}</ref> Though Tyler's early economy from 1847–1873 was based on agriculture, it was also well-diversified during this period. Logging was a second major industry, while complementary manufacturing included metal working, milling wood, and leather tanning. As the seat of Smith County, the town also benefited from government activity.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places Form: People’s National Bank Building|access-date=November 3, 2018|page=7|series=Texas Historic Sites Atlas|url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/NR/pdfs/02000896/02000896.pdf||last=Williams|first=Diane Elizabeth|date=June 20, 2001}}</ref> The local agricultural economy relied on [[Slavery in the United States|slave labor]] before the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. By 1860, Tyler held over 1,000 enslaved persons, which represented 35 percent of the town's population. There was strong support for [[Secession in the United States|secession]] and the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] within Tyler, as a high percentage of its residents voted for secession and many of its men joined the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]]. The town was secure enough for the Confederate States of America to establish the largest ordinance plant in [[Texas in the American Civil War|Texas]]. In 1870, the first bank in Tyler was established by Bonner and Williams. Though both the [[Texas and Pacific Railroad]] and the International Railroad (Texas) eschewed routes through Tyler, the town gained an important rail connection when the [[Houston]] and Great Northern built a branch line in 1874.<ref name="hto" /> Toward the end of the nineteenth century, fruit orchards emerged as an important new business in the regional economy. Eighty percent of the county's agricultural revenue derived from cotton as it persisted as the dominant crop in the first decades of the [[20th century in the United States|twentieth century]]. Peaches were the principal fruit crop as the county fruit tree inventory surpassed one million by 1900. Disease struck the peach trees, though, and local farmers moved toward growing roses by the 1920s. Twenty years later, most of the U.S. rose supply originated in the Tyler area.<ref name="hto" /> On October 29, 1895, an African American suspect named Robert Henry Hillard was burned at the stake in the Smith County Courthouse Square for the alleged murder of a nineteen-year-old white woman.<ref>''Galveston Daily News''. "Slowly Roasted." October 30, 1895.</ref><ref>E. R. Bills. ''Black Holocaust: The Paris Horror and a Legacy of Texas Terror''. Fort Worth, Texas: Eakin Press, 2015</ref> Denied a trial and due process, Hillard was taken from law enforcement personnel by a white mob.<ref>''Dallas Morning News''. ""Roasted to Death." October 30, 1895.</ref> Hillard's executioners were never punished. Later, two entrepreneurs combined photographs from the actual lynching with others staged with actors and sold the 16-image production as a stereographic set. One of the original sets sits in the [[Library of Congress|United States Library of Congress]].<ref>E. R. Bills. ''Black Holocaust: The Paris Horror and a Legacy of Texas Terror''. Fort Worth, Texas: Eakin Press, 2015</ref> On May 25, 1912, Dan Davis, an African American man suspected of attacking a sixteen-year-old white girl named Carrie Johnson, was burned at the stake in the Smith County Courthouse Square.<ref>''The New York Times''. "2,000 Aid in Burning Negro at the Stake." May 26, 1912.</ref><ref>''Granbury News''. "Negro Meets Death at Stake in Tyler." October 30, 1912.</ref><ref>''Dallas Morning News''. "Negro Meets Death at Stake in Tyler." May 26, 1912.</ref><ref>E. R. Bills. ''Black Holocaust: The Paris Horror and a Legacy of Texas Terror''. Fort Worth, Texas: Eakin Press, 2015</ref> In 1971, the University of Texas system established the [[University of Texas at Tyler]] and [[Broadway Square Mall]] opened in 1975.<ref>Paul T. Hellmann (2006). "Texas: Tyler". ''Historical Gazetteer of the United States''. Taylor & Francis. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/1-135-94859-3|<bdi>1-135-94859-3</bdi>]].</ref> By 1980, the population grew to 70,508 and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler]] and East Texas Islamic Society were established in the following years.<ref>"[https://texasalmanac.com/topics/population City Population History from 1850–2000: Tyler]", ''Texas Almanac'', Texas State Historical Association</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/usa|title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses:The United States of America|website=Den katolske kirke|language=no|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tylerpaper.com/news/local/tyler-islamic-community-members-to-build-mosque-subdivision-on-rhones/article_1f2f6198-5e9c-5afd-be8e-83696b08f471.html|title=Tyler Islamic community members to build mosque, subdivision on Rhones Quarter Road|last=eguevara@tylerpaper.com|first=EMILY GUEVARA|website=TylerPaper.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> [[Historic preservation]] city planning began in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tylerpreservationplan2016.wordpress.com/project-approach/home/about/|title=About|date=2016-07-24|website=Tyler Strategic Historic Preservation Plan|language=en|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> ==Geography== Tyler is located at {{Coord|32.334249|-95.299927|region:US-TX_type:city|format=dms}} and is {{convert|544|ft|m}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city of Tyler is situated in the [[Southern United States]], in [[Northeast Texas]]. It is part of the wider [[Ark-La-Tex]] region where [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]], and Texas meet. The city is approximately 38 miles (61 km) from [[Longview, Texas|Longview]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-longview-tx|title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Longview, TX|website=www.distance-cities.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> 61 miles (98.2 km) from [[Marshall, Texas|Marshall]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-marshall-tx|title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Marshall, TX|website=www.distance-cities.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> 100 miles (160.9 km) from [[Dallas]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-dallas-tx|title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Dallas, TX|website=www.distance-cities.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> 132 miles (212 km) from [[Texarkana, Texas|Texarkana]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-texarkana-tx|title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Texarkana, TX|website=www.distance-cities.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> 230 miles (370 km) from the state capital of [[Austin, Texas|Austin]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-austin-tx|title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Austin, TX|website=www.distance-cities.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> and 98 miles (157.7 km) from [[Shreveport, Louisiana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-shreveport-la|title=Distance between Tyler, TX and Shreveport, LA|website=www.distance-cities.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> Tyler is the [[county seat]] of [[Smith County, Texas|Smith County]], and is surrounded by many suburban communities, including [[Whitehouse, Texas|Whitehouse]], [[Lindale, Texas|Lindale]], [[New Chapel Hill, Texas|New Chapel Hill]], [[Bullard, Texas|Bullard]], [[Edom, Texas|Edom]], [[Brownsboro, Texas|Brownsboro]], [[Kilgore, Texas|Kilgore]], [[Flint, Texas|Flint]], and [[Chandler, Texas|Chandler]]. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 54.4&nbsp;square miles (140.8&nbsp;km²), of which 54.2&nbsp;mi² (140.5&nbsp;km²) is land and 0.1&nbsp;mi² (0.3&nbsp;km²²) is covered by water. Tyler is the principal city of the [[Tyler metropolitan area|Greater Tyler metro area]], and a principal city in the Tyler–Longview metroplex, a [[conurbation]] of the Tyler and [[Longview metropolitan area, Texas|Longview]] metropolitan and combined statistical areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dallasfed.org:443/research/heart/tyler|title=At the Heart of Texas: Tyler–Longview|website=www.dallasfed.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref> === Cityscape === Tyler has a relatively modest skyline and downtown area. Its downtown has a unique rustic architecture mainly in [[Art Deco]] and [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] styles. Many architectural structures in central Tyler date from the 19th and early 20th centuries. [[Modern architecture|Modernist]] and [[Postmodern architecture|postmodernist]] era structures are also present throughout the cityscape. Central Tyler is anchored by Brick Streets Historic District and Charnwood Residential Historic District, areas characterized by dense retail, restaurants, nightlife, and historic landmarks. Brick Streets Historic District is the largest geographic area of Tyler. It encompasses 29 blocks and primarily consists of buildings constructed in the 1900s. The district area is predominantly residential though it sometimes serves as a mix-use district. Brick Streets Historic District has brick-paved streets and stone-line drainage channels. Nearby, Charnwood is Tyler's first historic district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historictyler.org/wordpress/districts-properties/charnwood-district/|title=Charnwood District {{!}} Historic Tyler, Inc.|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> It comprises 12 blocks of late 19th and early 20th century architecture. === Climate === {{climate chart |Tyler |38|57|3.34 |41|64|3.73 |49|72|3.96 |55|78|3.70 |63|84|4.46 |70|90|3.65 |73|93|2.16 |72|94|2.61 |67|88|3.28 |56|78|5.14 |48|67|4.45 |40|58|4.75 | source = Weather.com / NWS | float = left | clear = left | units = imperial }}Tyler experiences [[weather]] typical of [[East Texas]], which is unpredictable, especially in the spring. All of East Texas has the [[humid subtropical climate]] typical of the [[Southern United States|American South]]. Severe thunderstorms with heavy rain, [[hail]], damaging winds and [[Tornado|tornadoes]] occur in the area during the spring and summer months. Summer months are hot and humid, with maximum temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 91 days per year, with high to very high relative average humidity. The record high for Tyler is {{convert|115|°F|0|abbr=on}}, which occurred in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.climatespy.com/climate/summary/united-states/texas/tyler-pounds-rgnl|title=Tyler, TX Climate|website=www.climatespy.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tylertexasweather.com/noaarecords.htm|title=Tyler Texas Weather - Providing real-time weather information to Tyler, Smith County, and East Texas|website=www.tylertexasweather.com|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> The record low for Tyler is {{convert|-3|°F|0|abbr=on}}, which occurred on January 18, 1930. Shreveport's [[National Weather Service]] branch provides forecasts and warnings for the greater Ark-La-Tex region. ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1880= 2423 |1890= 6908 |1900= 8069 |1910= 10400 |1920= 12085 |1930= 17113 |1940= 28279 |1950= 38968 |1960= 51230 |1970= 57770 |1980= 70508 |1990= 75450 |2000= 83650 |2010= 96900 |estyear=2018 |estimate=105729 |estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=July 16, 2019}}</ref> |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=October 17, 2016}}</ref><br />2017 Estimate<ref name="USCensusEst2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/tylercitytexas|title=Quick Facts: Tyler, city, Texas|access-date=November 3, 2018|publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref> }} Tyler is the most populous city in [[Northeast Texas]], and [[List of cities in Texas by population|38th in Texas]]. Its metropolitan area is the second largest in the [[Ark-La-Tex]] followed by the [[Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area|Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan statistical area]]. The Tyler metropolitan area had 230,221 residents in 2018, and the greater Tyler–Longview area had an estimated population of 371,015. Per the [[American Community Survey]]'s 2018 estimates, Tyler had a population of 105,727,<ref name=":0" /> an increase of 8,827 people since the 2010 census. There were 41,820 housing units and 35,597 households.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas%20housing&g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1101&t=Housing&layer=place&vintage=2018|title=ACS 2018 Households and Families Estimates|last=|first=|date=|website=data.census.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> There were 23,224 families within the city limits. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.60. 44.9% of households were headed by married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were classified as non-family households.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas%20housing&g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S2501&t=Housing&layer=place&vintage=2018|title=ACS 2018 Occupancy Estimates|last=|first=|date=|website=data.census.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> In 2018 the owner-occupied and renter-occupied housing rate were equally 50%.<ref name=":1" /> The median age was 31.5 years and there were 90 males per 100 females.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas%20age&g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S0101&t=Age%20and%20Sex&layer=place|title=ACS 2018 Age and Sex Estimates|last=|first=|date=|website=data.census.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> The median household income for Tyler was $53,962 and the mean income was $78,886.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas%20median%20income&g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1901&t=Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals)&layer=place|title=ACS 2018 Annual Income Estimates|last=|first=|date=|website=data.census.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> The median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $155,200 and the monthly payment without a mortgage was $1,317. With a mortgage, monthly owner-occupied housing costs were $515. The median gross rent from 2014-2018 was $887. 16.7% of Tyler's population was below the poverty line in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Tyler%20city,%20Texas%20poverty&g=1600000US4874144&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1701&t=Poverty&layer=place|title=ACS 2018 Poverty Estimates|last=|first=|date=|website=data.census.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]],<ref name="GR2" /> 96,900 people resided in the city of Tyler. The [[population density]] was 1,782.0 people per square mile (688.0/km²). The median income for the city was $42,752 and the poverty rate was 19.5%. === Race and ethnicity === Tyler's population has been historically predominantly [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]] as much of Texas. Its population diversified due to immigration and [[white flight]] over the 20th century. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|racial makeup]] of the city in 2010 was 60.5% White, 24.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 10.3% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. About 21.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In 2018, 49.4% of Tyler was non-Hispanic white, 21.8% [[African Americans|Black or African American]], 3.4% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.6% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian or Alaska Native]], 0.2% [[Pacific Islander|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]], 0.5% from some other race, and 2.0% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]. 22.2% of the population were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race in 2018.<ref name=":0" /> The largest Hispanic or Latino group were [[Mexican Americans]] at 21,118, followed by [[Puerto Ricans]], [[Cuban Americans|Cubans]], and other Hispanics or Latinos. A little over 10% of Tylerites were foreign-born. The most common immigrants to the city are [[Mexicans]], [[Indian people|Indians]], and [[Salvadorans]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://datausa.io/profile/geo/tyler-tx/|title=Tyler, TX {{!}} Data USA|website=datausa.io|language=canon|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> === Religion === [[File:First Baptist Church, Tyler, TX IMG 0523.JPG|right|thumb|First Baptist Church in Downtown Tyler]] 73.2% of Tylerites and the surrounding area identify as religious as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/texas/tyler|title=Tyler, Texas Religion|last=|first=|date=|website=www.bestplaces.net|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> After Shreveport, Louisiana, the city of Tyler is one of the Ark-La-Tex's most religious cities. As part of the [[Bible Belt]], [[Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]] is the largest religious group, followed by the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Christianity]]. 31.1% of Tylerite Christians are [[Baptists|Baptist]], primarily affiliated with the [[Baptist General Convention of Texas|Texas Baptists]], [[Southern Baptist Convention]], [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc]], [[National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.|National Baptist Convention of America]], and [[Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship]]. The Catholic community of Tyler and its metropolitan area are primarily served by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler]]. Following, 6.6% of the population were [[Methodism|Methodists]], mainly affiliated with the [[United Methodist Church]] and [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]]. [[File:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception - Tyler, Texas 01.jpg|alt=|thumb|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]] [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostals]] form the fourth-largest Christian group in Tyler (5.2%) and the largest Pentecostal bodies within the area are [[Assemblies of God USA]] and the [[United Pentecostal Church International|United Pentecostal Church]]. 1.2% are [[Latter Day Saint movement|Latter-day Saints]]. 0.9% identify as [[Anglicanism|Anglicans or Episcopalians]], 0.7% [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], and 0.6% [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]. 13.6% of Tylerites are of another Christian faith including the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]. The Anglican or Episcopalian community are divided between the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church in the United States]] and [[Anglican Church in North America]]. The Episcopal Church USA-affiliated [[Episcopal Diocese of Dallas]] has congregations in Tyler. The Anglican Church in North America also has congregations in Tyler and its metropolitan area. The [[Diocese of Mid-America]] is the ACNA's diocese in Tyler, consisting of one church.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acna.org/admin_units/30|title=Anglican Church in North America|website=www.acna.org|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> This diocese is also a member of the [[Reformed Episcopal Church]]. Presbyterian and Lutheran bodies operating in the area include the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] and [[Presbyterian Church in America]], and the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod|Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod]] and [[North American Lutheran Church]]. The Eastern Orthodox community is served by the [[Orthodox Church in America]]'s [[Orthodox Church in America Diocese of the South|Diocese of the South]]. The oldest continuously active church in Greater Tyler is the historic 152 year old New Harmony Baptist Church, located about 10 miles outside of Tyler. St. Joseph the Worker Parish, one of the few churches in the United States dedicated to the exclusive use of the [[Traditional Latin Mass]], is another continuously active church. It is staffed by the [[Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter|Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter]]. The city also is the home of the [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Tyler, Texas)|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]] and the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a century-old church recently{{when|date=January 2020}} renovated and declared a historic and heritage site by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler. The Saint Peter Claver Parish, located in central Tyler, is the second largest Catholic church in Tyler and was dedicated to [[Peter Claver|St. Peter Claver]], a [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] priest that assisted the [[Slavery in Brazil|black slaves in Brazil]] during the slave trade to South America. Per [[Sperling's BestPlaces|''Sperling's BestPlaces'']], approximately 0.1% affiliate with [[Judaism]] compared to the state average of 0.2%. 0.4% of the area identify as [[Islam|Muslims]]. The area's Islamic community is affiliated with the East Texas Islamic Society. ==Economy== [[File:Venue Building, Tyler, TX IMG 0469.JPG|right|thumb|People's Petroleum building in downtown Tyler]] [[File:Tyler, TX, Chamber of Commerce office IMG 0543.JPG|thumb|right|Chamber of Commerce office in downtown Tyler]] In addition to its role in the rose-growing industry, Tyler is the headquarters for [[Brookshire Grocery Company]], which operates Brookshire's, Fresh, Super 1 Foods, and Spring Market supermarkets in the Ark-La-Tex and parts of [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas-Fort Worth]]. The company's main distribution center is located in south Tyler, while SouthWest Foods, a subsidiary that processes dairy products, is located just northeast of the city. The manufacturing sector includes: * Tyler Pipe, a subsidiary of [[McWane Inc.]] that produces soil and utility pipe products *[[Trane]], a business of [[Ingersoll-Rand]], formerly a unit of [[American Standard Companies]], which manufactures [[air conditioning|air conditioners]] and [[heat pump]]s (this plant was originally built in 1955 by [[General Electric]]) *[[Delek|Delek Refining]], an [[Israel]]i-owned [[oil refinery]] formerly La Gloria Oil and Gas Co (a [[Crown Central Petroleum]] [[subsidiary]]) * PCSFerguson, an operating company of [[Dover Corporation]] that specializes in equipment for the measurement and production of [[natural gas]] using the plunger lift method * DYNAenergetics Tyler Distribution Center, part of DYNAenergetics USA, which manufactures perforating equipment and [[Explosive material|explosives]] for the [[Petroleum industry|oil and gas industry]] * Vesuvius USA, manufacturer of [[refractory]] [[Ceramic engineering|ceramics]] used in the [[Steel|steel industry]] *[[Cavender's]], a large regional [[western wear]] retailer and manufacturer According to the City's 2012-2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>[http://www.cityoftyler.org/Portals/0/Documents/Finance%20Department/The%20City%20of%20Tyler%202013%20Audit.pdf City of Tyler 2012-2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, p. 136]. Retrieved April 11, 2014.</ref> the top ten employers in the city are: {| class="wikitable" |- ! # ! Employer ! # of Employees |- | 1 |[[Trinity Mother Frances Health System]] | 3,775 |- | 2 |UT Health - Tyler | 3,153 |- | 3 |[[Brookshire Grocery Company]] | 2,599 |- | 4 |[[Tyler Independent School District]] | 2,468 |- | 5 |[[Trane]] | 1,500 |- | 6 |[[SuddenLink]] | 1,500 |- | 7 |[[Walmart]] |1,311 |- | 8 |[[The University of Texas at Tyler]] |1,121 |- | 9 |[[University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler|UT Health - Tyler (north campus)]] | 925 |- | 10 |[[Tyler Junior College]] | 862 |} ==Education== ===Colleges and universities=== [[File:UT Tyler Riter Tower.jpg|right|thumbnail|The Riter Tower at University of Texas at Tyler]] Tyler's higher education institutions include the [[University of Texas at Tyler]] and the [[University of Texas Health Center at Tyler]], both part of the [[University of Texas System]], as well as [[Texas College]], the city's only HBCU, and [[Tyler Junior College]]. ===Primary and secondary schools=== [[File:John Tyler High School (Photo 2), Tyler, TX IMG 0554.JPG|thumb|John Tyler High School]] Public primary and secondary education for much of the city is provided by the [[Tyler Independent School District]], which includes high schools [[John Tyler High School|John Tyler]] and [[Robert E. Lee High School (Tyler, Texas)|Robert E. Lee]], as well as Tyler ISD Early College High School, Premier High School of Tyler, a [[Charter school|public charter]] school (Cumberland Academy). Several Tyler schools offer [[IB Diploma Programme|international baccalaureate]] and [[Advanced Placement Program|advanced placement]] programs. Portions of incorporated Tyler are served by surrounding school districts. These include sections of southeast Tyler, served by the [[Whitehouse Independent School District]], and some sections in the east which are served by the [[Chapel Hill Independent School District (Smith County, Texas)|Chapel Hill Independent School District]]. ===Private schools=== *There are also private schools in Tyler, including [[Grace Community School (Texas)]], [[All Saints Episcopal School (Tyler, Texas)|All Saints Episcopal School]], [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] School, King's Academy Christian School, Kingdom Life Academy (Located in the same building but not affiliated with King's Academy), Christian Heritage School, East Texas Christian Academy, and Good Shepherd Reformed Episcopal School. The Brook Hill School in nearby Bullard, TX is also served by the Tyler Independent School District. The Tyler [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] School System of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler|Catholic Diocese of Tyler]] consists of St. Gregory Cathedral School and [[Bishop T. K. Gorman High School (Tyler, Texas)|Bishop Thomas K. Gorman Regional Catholic Middle and High School]]. ==Government== ===Local government=== According to the city's most recent Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $87.7 million in revenues, $101.7 million in expenditures, $49.2 million in total assets, $12.3 million in total liabilities, and $17.6 million in cash in investments.<ref>[http://cityoftyler.org/Portals/0/docs/departments/accounting/CAFR%202007-2008.pdf City of Tyler CAFR]. Retrieved June 7, 2009.</ref> {{hidden begin |titlestyle = background:#ccccff;width=35% |title = List of mayors of Tyler, Texas }} * McDonald Lorance, 1846<ref name=former /> * William Bartlett, circa 1848<ref>{{cite book |editor1= Robert W. Glover |editor2= Linda Brown Cross |publisher=American Bicentennial Committee of Tyler-Smith County |title= Tyler & Smith County, Texas: An Historical Survey |url= https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth61117/|via= University of North Texas Libraries |year= 1976 }} {{free access}}</ref> * ? * Oscar Burton, circa 1937<ref name=Graveyard>{{cite web |url= http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/TX/ofc/tyler.html |title=Mayors of Tyler, Texas |editor=[[Lawrence Kestenbaum]] |work=[[Political Graveyard]] |accessdate= April 15, 2017 }}</ref> * Zeb J. Spruiell, circa 1955<ref name=Graveyard /> * ? * Murph Wilson, 1967<ref>{{citation |work=[[Congressional Record]] |location=Washington DC |title= In Memory of Murph Wilson |date=August 7, 1998 |url= https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1998-08-07/pdf/CREC-1998-08-07-extensions.pdf }}</ref> * ? * Jack H. Halbert, 1970-1976<ref>{{citation |url=http://obituaries.tylerpaper.com/obituaries/tylerpaper/obituary.aspx?n=jack-h-halbert&pid=17948835 |title=Jack H. Halbert Obituary |work=[[Tyler Morning Telegraph]] |date=May 31, 2006 }}</ref> * ? * Norman Shtofman, 1982-1984<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.kltv.com/story/1544025/former-tyler-mayor-dies |title=Former Tyler Mayor Dies |date= |work=KITV }}</ref> * Smith Reynolds, Junior * [[Kevin Eltife]], circa 1996-2002<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19970227083903/http://www.tylertexas.com/city/Mayor/default.html |url-status=dead |url=http://www.tylertexas.com:80/city/Mayor/default.html |archivedate=February 27, 1997 |title=City of Tyler Mayor |work=Tylertexas.com |via=Internet Archive, [[Wayback Machine]] }}</ref>[http://www.tylerpaper.com/TP-News+Local/220816/eltife-will-not-run-for-reelection-in-16] * Joey Seeber, 2002-2008<ref name=former>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoftyler.org/Visitors/TylerHistory/FormerTylerMayors.aspx |title=Former Tyler Mayors |work= Cityoftyler.org |publisher= City of Tyler |accessdate= April 15, 2017 }}</ref> * Barbara Bass, 2008-2014<ref name=former /> * Martin Heines, 2014–present<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoftyler.org/Government/MayorandCouncil/Mayor.aspx |title=Mayor |work= Cityoftyler.org |publisher= City of Tyler |accessdate= April 15, 2017 }}</ref> {{hidden end}} The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:<ref>http://cityoftyler.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=76</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! width="30%" | City Manager | Edward Broussard |- !Managing Director of Planning & Economic Development |Heather Nick |- !Managing Director of Culture, Recreation and Tourism Services |Stephanie Franklin |- !Managing Director for Administration (& HR Director) |ReNissa Wade |- !Managing Director of Public Works |Scott Taylor |- ! CFO/Finance Director | Keidric Trimble |- ! City Engineer | Lisa Crossman |- !Chief of Police |Jimmy Toler |- ! Fire Chief |David Coble |- ! Director of Parks | Russ Jackson |- ! Chief Information Officer | Benny Yazdanpanahi |- ! City Attorney | Deborah Pullum |- !Director of Marketing & Communications |Julie Goodgame |- ! Vehicle Services Manager | Leroy Sparrow |- ! City Librarian | Ashley Taylor |- ! Transit General Manager | Robert Gil III |- ! Neighborhood Services Manager |Raynesha Hudnall |- ! Housing Manager |Vacant |- ! Airport Manager | Davis Dickson |- ! Human Resources Manager | Rose Ray |- ! Water Utilities Financial Manager | James Yanker |- ! Water Utilities Manager | Joan Roberson |- ! Development Services Engineer | Michael Wilson, P.E. |- ! Traffic Engineer | Vacant |} The Northeast Texas Public Health District<ref>[http://www.healthyeasttx.org/ Northeast Texas Public Health District website]. Retrieved August 18, 2009.</ref> is a political subdivision under the State of Texas established by the City of Tyler and Smith County. In place for nearly 70 years, the Health District became a separate entity in 1994, with an administrative Public Health Board. With a stated vision "To be the Healthiest Community in Texas", the district has a full-time staff of over 130 employees. The Health District has a broad range of services and responsibilities dedicated to their mission: "To Protect, Promote, and Provide for the Health of Our Community." ===State government=== Tyler is represented in the [[Texas Senate]] by [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Bryan Hughes]], District 1, and in the [[Texas House of Representatives]] by Republican Matt Schaefer, District 6. The [[Texas Courts of Appeals|Texas Twelfth Court of Appeals]] is located in Tyler.<ref>"[http://www.12thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/court/contact.asp Contact Information]." Twelfth Eleventh Court of Appeals. Retrieved on March 10, 2010.</ref> The [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]] operates the Region I [[Parole]] Division Office and the Tyler District Parole Office in Tyler.<ref>"[http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff1.htm Parole Division Region I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928130938/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff1.htm |date=2011-09-28 }}." [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> ===Federal government=== The two U.S. Senators from Texas are Republicans [[John Cornyn]] and [[Ted Cruz]]. Tyler is part of [[Texas' 1st congressional district]], which is currently represented by Republican [[Louie Gohmert]]. The [[United States Postal Service]] operates several post offices in Tyler, including Tyler,<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/tyler-2100-w-martin-luther-king-jr-blvd-tyler-tx-1385275 Post Office Location – TYLER]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> [[Azalea]],<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/azalea-2627-s-broadway-ave-tyler-tx-1353821 Post Office Location – AZALEA]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> Southeast Crossing,<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/southeast-crossing-3320-troup-hwy-ste-290-tyler-tx-1382344 Post Office Location – SOUTHEAST CROSSING]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> and the South Tyler Annex.<ref>"[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/south-tyler-annex-6722-s-broadway-ave-ste-100-tyler-tx-1382301 Post Office Location – SOUTH TYLER ANNEX]." [[United States Postal Service]]. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.</ref> ==Recreation and tourism== Annually, the [[Texas Rose Festival]] draws thousands of tourists to Tyler.<ref>[http://www.texasrosefestival.com/festival/now.htm Until Now] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321050634/http://www.texasrosefestival.com/festival/now.htm |date=March 21, 2012 }}</ref> The festival, which celebrates the role of the rose-growing industry in the local economy, is held in October and features a [[parade]], the [[coronation]] of the Rose Queen, and other civic events. The Rose Museum features the [[history]] of the [[Festival]]. Tyler is also home to [[Caldwell Zoo]], several local museums, Lake Palestine, Lake Tyler, and numerous [[golf course]]s and country clubs.<ref>{{cite journal | title = It's Tee Time in Tyler | last = Navarro | first = Edward | journal = Images of Tyler | volume = 1 | page = 57 | publisher = Journal Communications, Inc. | year = 2006 }}</ref> A few miles away in Flint, TX is The WaterPark @ The Villages, a year-round, indoor water park. There is also an "Azalea Trail" in Tyler, which consists of two officially designated routes within the city that showcase homes or other landscaped venues adorned with [[azalea]] shrubs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tylerazaleatrail.com/faqs.htm |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=Tyler Azalea Trail |accessdate=December 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130131746/http://tylerazaleatrail.com/faqs.htm |archivedate=November 30, 2012 }}</ref> The Azalea Trail also is home to the long-standing tradition of the [http://www.tylertexasonline.com/tyler-texas-azalea-trail.htm Azalea Belles]. The official greeters of the Azalea Trail are known as the Azalea Belles, young [[Woman|women]] from the Tyler area who dress in [[antebellum era|antebellum]] [[gown]]s. The belles are chosen each year from area high schools or home school families, and it is an honor to be chosen. [[Tyler State Park (Texas)|Tyler State Park]], located a few miles North of the city limits, attracts visitors with opportunities to [[Camping|camp]], [[canoe]], and paddle boat on the [[lake]]. Other available pastimes include [[picnic]]king, [[boating]] ([[Engine|motors]] allowed – 5&nbsp;mph [[speed limit]]), boat [[Renting|rentals]], [[fishing]], [[Birdwatching|birding]], [[hiking]], [[mountain biking]], [[Trail|hiking trails]], lake [[swimming]] (in [[unsupervised]] swimming area), and [[nature study]]. The Smith County Historical Society operates a [[museum]] and [[archive]]s in the old Carnegie Library.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smithcountyhistoricalsociety.org |title=Smith County Historical Society |publisher=Smith County Historical Society |date= |accessdate=December 11, 2012}}</ref> The East Texas State Fair is held annually in Tyler.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etstatefair.com/ |title=East Texas State Fair |publisher=Etstatefair.com |date= |accessdate=December 11, 2012}}</ref> Lake Tyler was the location of the [[HGTV Dream Home]] contest in 2005. The 6,500 [[Square foot|square feet]] (600 m²) house helped to boost tourism and interest in the community and surrounding areas. It was subsequently sold at [[public auction]] in January 2008, for $1.325 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kltv.com/Global/story.asp?S=7615650 |title= HGTV Dream Home Sold, $1.325 Million |publisher=Kltv.com |date= |accessdate=December 11, 2012}}</ref> ===Historical=== [[File:Smith County Historical Society, Tyler, TX IMG 0498.JPG|thumb|right|The Smith County Historical Society building is located across the street from the Tyler Public Library.]] Tyler has a [[Cotton Belt Railroad]] Depot Museum located near the [[Chamber of commerce|Chamber of Commerce]] office. The Smith County Historical Society, a [[501(c)(3)]] [[non-profit organization]], was founded in 1959 by individuals and business firms dedicated to discovering, collecting, and preserving data, records, and other items relating to the history of Smith County, Texas. The Society operates a museum and archives, which is located in the former [[Carnegie Public Library (Tyler, Texas)|Carnegie Public Library]] building in [[downtown]] Tyler. Permanent museum exhibits include life-size dioramas of Smith County history, with topics ranging from the [[Caddo|Caddo Indians]] to the 20th century. Other items from the Society's collections are showcased in revolving, temporary exhibits. The Society's [[archival library]] contains historical artifacts of Smith County, including newspapers, city directories, school records, photographs, maps, historical papers and rare books. The archives are open to the public for [[research]] on a limited schedule with [[Volunteering|volunteer]] staff on duty. The society is also the official caretaker of [[Camp Ford|Camp Ford Historic Park]]. [[Camp Ford]] was the largest [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Prisoner of War]] camp west of the [[Mississippi River]] during the [[American Civil War]]. The original site of the camp [[stockade]] is a public historic park managed by the [http://smithcountyhistoricalsociety.org Smith County Historical Society]. The park contains a kiosk, paved trail, interpretive signage, a cabin reconstruction, and a picnic area. It is located on Highway 271, {{convert|0.8|mi|km}} north of Loop 323. ===Arts and Culture=== 2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Tyler's Civic Chorale.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tylercivicchorale.org/history/ |title=Our History |date=May 15, 2018 |website=www.tylercivicchorale.org |access-date=May 15, 2018}}</ref> ==Transportation== [[File:TylerPRAirport.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial photo of Tyler Pounds Regional Airport]] The most common form of [[transport]]ation is the [[motor vehicle]]. Tyler is a nexus of several major highways. [[Interstate 20 (Texas)|Interstate 20]] runs along the north edge of the city going east and west, [[U.S. Route 69 in Texas|U.S. Highway 69]] runs north–south through the center of town and [[Texas State Highway 64|State Highway 64]] runs east–west through the city. Tyler also has access to [[U.S. Highway 271 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 271]], [[Texas State Highway 31|State Highway 31]], [[Texas State Highway 155|State Highway 155]], and [[Texas State Highway 110|State Highway 110]]. [[Texas State Highway Loop 323|Loop 323]] was established in 1957 and encircles the city, which has continued to grow outside of this loop. [[Texas State Highway Loop 49|Loop 49]] is a limited access "outer loop" around the city and currently runs from State Highway 110 south of Tyler to Interstate 20 northwest of Tyler. Loop 124 is 1.5 miles long. ===Public transportation=== Tyler Transit provides customers with [[public transport]]ation service within the City of Tyler. The buses run daily, excluding Sundays and holidays. Tyler Transit offers customers the option to purchase [[Ticket (admission)|tickets]], tokens, or passes at the Tyler Transit office, located at 210 E. Oakwood Street inside the [[Cotton Belt Railroad]] Depot at the main transfer point. The City of Tyler paratransit service is a shared-ride, public transportation service. Requests for service must be made the day before the service is needed. Trips can be scheduled up to 14 days in advance. [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|ADA]] compliant paratransit service is provided to all origins and destinations within the service area defined as the city limits of Tyler.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoftyler.org/Departments/TylerTransit.aspx |title=Tyler Transit |publisher=Cityoftyler.org |date= |accessdate=December 11, 2012}}</ref> [[Greyhound Lines]] bus service is available through a downtown terminal. ===Via air=== [[Tyler Pounds Regional Airport]] offers service to and from [[Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport]] and [[Denver International Airport]] via [[American Eagle Airlines|American Eagle]] and [[Frontier Airlines|Frontier]], respectively. While American Eagle provides service with [[Embraer]] [[ERJ-135]] and [[ERJ-145]] regional jets, Frontier operates with [[Airbus A320]] mainline jet aircraft, Europe's own equivalent to the [[Boeing 737]]. General Aviation services are provided by two fixed-base operators, [http://flytyler.com Johnson Aviation] and the Jet Center of Tyler. ===Via train=== Tyler was the hub for a series of short-line [[Rail transport|railroad]]s which later evolved into the [[St. Louis Southwestern Railway]], better known as "The Cotton Belt Route". This line later became part of the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]], which itself merged with the [[Union Pacific Railroad]], which continues to serve the city today. No passenger train service to Tyler has occurred since April 1956, but Amtrak runs through the city of [[Mineola, Texas|Mineola]], a short distance north of Tyler. ===Walkability=== A 2014 study by [[Walk Score]] ranked Tyler with a walkability score of 32 (out of 100) with some amenities within walking distance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/TX/Tyler|title= City and Neighborhood Rankings |publisher=Walk Score |year=2014 |accessdate=April 11, 2014}}</ref> ==Healthcare== [[Hospital]]s located in Tyler include UT Health Tyler, [[Trinity Mother Frances Health System]], UT Health North Campus Tyler, and Texas Spine & Joint Hospital. There are also many clinics including the Direct Care Clinic.[[File:West Erwin Church of Christ Family Center, Tyler, TX IMG 0505.JPG|thumb|Family Life Center of West Erwin [[Church of Christ]] in Tyler]] ==Places of worship== Tyler is the home of many churches, including five large congregations in downtown, the Marvin [[United Methodist]] Church, Dayspring [[United Methodist]] Church, West Erwin [[Church of Christ]], First [[Baptist]] Church, and the [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Tyler, Texas)|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]]. Tyler is also the seat of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler|Catholic Diocese of Tyler]], which is particularly noteworthy for its There is also a Nazarene church on Old Bullard Road, called Tyler First Church Of The Nazarene. The city also has a Chapel of The Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints.{{cn|date=January 2020}} Tyler has three United Pentecostal Churches; the largest of them is Tyler Tabernacle located just outside of Loop 323. Park Heights Assembly of God is another and also located just outside Loop 323. The Our Lady of Guadalupe Catholic church in East Tyler is also a major center of gathering. The St. Peter and Paul Chapel, a Catholic church, is located next to the Bishop Thomas K. Gorman Regional Catholic School, was constructed and dedicated in 2011, and holds masses in English and Spanish with a significant number of other services offered to all Tyler and neighboring residents. The city's largest church, [[Green Acres Baptist Church]], is located on Troup Highway in southeast Tyler. Tyler is also home to two reformed Baptist churches, Sylvania Church and Living Acts Church, both of which are located in the south Tyler area. Tyler has several congregations of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Additionally, Tyler has two Jewish houses of prayer, Ahavath Achim, which associates itself with [[Conservative Judaism]] and Beth El which adheres to [[Reform Judaism]].<ref>[http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/tx/tyler.html "Tyler, Texas"], found in the [http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/index.html Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities],</ref> Tyler is also home to East Texas Islamic Society, established in 1988, which includes an Islamic house of worship and an Islamic school for children.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tylermuslims.com/about-etis.html |title=East Texas Islamic Society |publisher=Tylermuslims.com |date=May 29, 1988 |accessdate=December 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315152250/http://www.tylermuslims.com/about-etis.html |archivedate=March 15, 2013 }}</ref> There's also a Unitarian, Universalist Fellowship on Old Omen Road and Cross Brand Cowboy Church at 11915 FM 2015 Tyler, Texas. The oldest continuously active church in Smith County is the historic 152 year old New Harmony Baptist Church, which is located about 10 miles outside of Tyler at 10251 FM 724 Tyler, Texas. Two Tyler churches were destroyed during the [[2010 East Texas church burnings]]. ==Media== Currently, 18 media outlets and one newspaper are located in Tyler, as well as many more in the surrounding areas. ===Newspaper=== *[[Tyler Morning Telegraph]] ===Television=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !valign="bottom"|VHF/UHF Channel<br /> !valign="bottom"|Call Letters<br /> !valign="bottom"|Network<br /> |- |7 |[[KLTV]] |ABC |- |19 |[[KYTX]] |CBS |- |51 |[[KFXK-TV]] |FOX |- |56 |[[KETK-TV|KETK]] |NBC |} ===Radio=== ====AM stations==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !valign="bottom"|Frequency<br /> !valign="bottom"|Call Letters<br /> !valign="bottom"|Format<br /> !valign="bottom"|Name<br /> |- |600 |[[KTBB (AM)|KTBB]] |News/Talk |- |1330 |[[KGLD]] |Gospel |The Light |- |1490 |[[KYZS]] |Sports |ESPN Deportes |} ====FM stations==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !valign="bottom"|Frequency<br /> !valign="bottom"|Call Letters<br /> !valign="bottom"|Format<br /> !valign="bottom"|Name<br /> |- |88.7 |[[KLOVE]] |Christian Contemporary |KLOVE |- |89.5 |[[KVNE]] |Christian Contemporary |Encouragement FM |- |91.3 |[[KGLY]] |Religious | |- |92.1 |[[KRWR]] |Sports |Fox Sports East Texas |- |93.1 |[[KTYL-FM|KTYL]] |Hot Adult Contemporary |Mix 93.1 |- |96.1 |[[KKTX-FM|KKTX]] |Classic Rock |Classic Rock 96.1 |- |96.7 |[[KOYE]] |Spanish |La Invasora |- |97.5 |[[KTBB-FM]] |News/Talk |KTBB |- |99.3 |[[KAPW]] |Spanish Pop |Mega 99.3 |- |101.5 |[[KNUE]] |Country | |- |102.3 |[[KLJT]] |Top 40 |Fun Radio |- |102.7 |[[KBLZ]] |Urban Contemporary |The Blaze |- |104.1 |[[KKUS]] |Classic Country |The Ranch |- |106.5 |[[KOOI]] |Variety Hits |Jack 106.5 |- |107.3 |[[KISX]] |Urban Adult Contemporary |Hot1073Jamz |} ==Sports== [[File:Uttgbball.jpg|right|188px|thumbnail|UT Tyler Women's Basketball Team]] ===College and university teams=== * [[University of Texas at Tyler|University of Texas at Tyler Patriots]] (NCAA Division II) * [[Texas College]] Steers (HBCU) * [[Tyler Junior College|Tyler Junior College Apaches]] (NJCAA) ===Baseball teams=== * Tyler Elbertas (1912) * Tyler Trojans (1924–1929, 1931, 1935–1940, 1946–1950) * Tyler Sports (1932) * Tyler Governors (1933–1934) * Tyler East Texans (1950–1953) * Tyler Tigers (1954–1955) * Tyler Wildcatters (1994–1997) * Tyler Roughnecks (2001) ===Football=== * East Texas Twisters (2004) ===Road races=== * [[Fresh 15 Road Race]] (Annual) ===Soccer=== * Tyler FC (2016–Present)<ref>http://www.tylerfootballclub.com/</ref> ==High school sports teams== *All Saints Trojans (Private) *Bishop T.K. Gorman Crusaders (Private) *Grace Community Cougars (Private) *Cumberland Academy Knights (Charter) *EXEL Lions (Home School / 6 Man) *John Tyler Lions (Public) *Kings Academy Knights (Private) *Robert E. Lee Red Raiders (Public) *Tyler Heat (Home School / 6 Man) *East Texas Christian Academy Panthers (Private) Nearby: *The Brook Hill School Guard (Private) *Chapel Hill Bulldogs (Public) *Lindale Eagles (Public) *Whitehouse Wildcats (Public) ==Notable events== * Fragments of the [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] landed near Tyler on February 1, 2003. ''(See [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster]])'' * On the evening of February 2, 2009, a fire engulfed a number of historic buildings located in downtown Tyler. Eight different fire departments responded to the fire.<ref> {{cite news | work = Palestine Herald Press | date = February 3, 2009}} </ref> * The 1982 Supreme Court case [[Plyler v. Doe]], which prohibited denying schooling to immigrant children, originated in the [[Tyler Independent School District]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crfimmigrationed.org/lessons-for-teachers/149-hl10|title=History Lesson 10: Plyler v. Doe: Can States Deny Public Benefits to Illegal Immigrants?|website=www.crfimmigrationed.org|language=en|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> * Robert E. Mead founded what later became known as Silverleaf Resorts in Tyler in 1977. * The [[Tyler courthouse shooting]] was on February 24, 2005, when David Arroyo fatally shot his ex-wife and a man in the Tyler Square on the Smith County Courthouse. ==Notable people== {{main category|People from Tyler, Texas}} {{alumni|residents|date=September 2019}} ===Entertainment=== *[[Josh Carpenter]] – film, television, theater, internet and commercial actor *[[Sandy Duncan]] – actress, raised in Tyler *[[Alex Finlayson]] – playwright *[[Kiki Shepard]] (born 1951) – television host *[[Dooley Wilson|Arthur "Dooley" Wilson]] (1886–1953) – musician and actor ([[Casablanca (film)|''Casablanca]]) ===Musicians=== *[[Max Bemis]] – lead singer of rock band [[Say Anything (band)|Say Anything]], who is also married to [[Sherri DuPree]] of [[Eisley]]<ref name=bemis>{{cite web | url=http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendId=2296310&blogId=490202116 | title=An Update From Max | publisher=blogs.myspace.com/sayanything | date=May 20, 2009 | accessdate=May 21, 2009 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121202021113/http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendId=2296310&blogId=490202116 | archivedate=December 2, 2012 }}</ref> *[[A. C. Bilbrew]] – musician, composer, and radio personality *[[Richard Dobson]] – singer-songwriter *[[Eddie and Sugar Lou's Hotel Tyler Orchestra]] - jazz band *[[Eisley]] – [[independent music|indie]] band. *[[Teron Beal]] – Songwriter [[Michael Jackson]]. [[Bonnie Raitt]], [[Mýa|Mya]] *[[Element Eighty]] – [[alternative metal]] band. *[[Johnny Gimble]] – award-winning fiddle player associated with Western Swing and Bob Wills *[[Brandon Beal]] – singer-songwriter and producer <!-- [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Flo Rida]], [[Juelz Santana]]--> *[[Shaun Groves]] – Christian-rock singer-songwriter *[[Billy Harper]] – jazz tenor-saxophonist *[[Johnny Horton]] – country singer *[[Will Jennings]] – songwriter *[[Ralph Kirshbaum]] – classical celllist *[[Adrian Taylor]] – bassist, guitarist *[[Mouse and the Traps]] – 1960s [[Garage Rock]] band. *[[Ivoryline]] – alternative band *[[Willie Neal Johnson]] (1935-2001) - gospel recording artist and quartet singer, inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in Detroit, MI and American Gospel Quartet Hall of Fame in Birmingham, AL in 1999. === Government and politics === * [[Jere Locke Beasley]] – (born 1935), born in Tyler, he was the 22nd [[Lieutenant Governor of Alabama]] when [[governor of Alabama|Governor]] [[George Wallace|George Corley Wallace]] was shot and severely injured in an assassination attempt in [[Laurel, Maryland]], on May 15, 1972. Beasley, a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], hence served as the acting governor of Alabama from June 5 to July 7, 1972. * [[Leo Berman]] – Republican former member of the [[Texas House of Representatives]] from District 6 * [[Kevin Eltife]] – Republican member of the [[Texas Senate]] from Tyler * [[Brady P. Gentry]] – former Chairman Texas State Highway Commission; former US Congressman; the gymnasium at Tyler Junior College named after him * [[Louie Gohmert]] – Republican [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] and former Smith County judge * [[William Wayne Justice]] – Democrat U.S. District Court Judge in Tyler for 30 years – made countless key decisions on environment and civil rights *[[Matt Krause]] – Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]; born in Tyler in 1980 *[[Frank Melton]] (1949-2009) – former mayor of [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]], [[Mississippi]] (2005–2009), and former broadcast journalist and general manager of KLTV in Tyler in 1977. *[[Albert Parsons]] (1848-1887) – pioneer American [[Socialism|socialist]] and later [[Anarchism|anarchist]] newspaper editor, orator, and labor activist. Parsons was one of four Chicago radical leaders controversially convicted of conspiracy and hanged following a bomb attack on police remembered as the Haymarket affair. He resided in Tyler, Texas where he was reared by his eldest brother, William Henry Parsons, however Parson's moved the family moved from Tyler in the mid-1850s. *[[Matt Schaefer]] (born 1976) – Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from Tyler since 2013; lawyer and United States Navy officer *[[Dan Smoot]] (1913-2003) – figure in the [[Communism|anti-communist]] movement; spent later years at Holly Lake Ranch in neighboring Wood County, where he died at the age of eighty-nine *[[William Steger]] (1920-2006) – Republican U.S. District Court judge for the Eastern District of Texas, based in Tyler, from 1970 until his death. The William M. Steger Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Tyler was named in his honor in 2006. *[[Martin Heines]] (born 1962) – he is the current mayor of Tyler, Texas. === Journalism === * [[Nelson Clyde III]] (1945-2007), the fourth-generation publisher of the ''[[Tyler Morning Telegraph]]'' * [[Sarah McClendon]] – Democrat [[journalist]] and [[White House]] correspondent for over half a century, longest tenure ever in the [[White House press corps]] * [[Allen R. Morris]] – he is an [[Emmy Award]]-winning producer/director/writer. For a period, he worked for Buford Television at KLTV in Tyler, as Operations Manager and Director of Creative Services, during which time he was also a frequent actor at the Tyler Civic Theatre (1979 to 1990). * [[Ned Touchstone]] (1926–1988) – born in Florien, Louisiana, [[newspaper]] [[publisher]] who was a figure in the "[[Radical right (United States)|Radical Right]]" in [[Louisiana]] politics during the 1960s. At the time of death, he resided on Lake Palestine near Tyler. === Religion === * [[Joseph Strickland]] - bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tyler|diocese of Tyler]] whose principal church is the downtown [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Tyler, Texas)|cathedral]]. * [[James T. Draper, Jr.]] – president of the [[Southern Baptist Convention]] from 1982 to 1984, was a pastor in Tyler in the early 1960s. * [[David O. Dykes]] – pastor of [[Green Acres Baptist Church]] in Tyler * [[James B. Jordan]] - pastor of Westminster Presbyterian Church and found of the Geneva Study Center * [[Harold Rahm]] - Jesuit priest, who was sent on a mission to Brazil in 1964 and became known worldwide for his efforts in the prevention and treatment of drug addiction. * Anwar Khalifa - spokesperson for the East Texas Islamic Society<ref>https://www.cbs19.tv/article/news/local/hundreds-gather-in-unity-with-east-texas-muslim-community/396286234</ref> === Science === * [[David Brown (scientist)|David Brown]] - geneticist best known for working with [[microRNA]] *[[Josh Byerly]] – [[NASA]] spokesman and one of the "voices of Mission Control" *[[Winston C. Hackett]] - A native of Tyler, who became the first African-American physician in Arizona. *[[Brian Werner]] – Conservationist, co-founder of Tiger Creek Wildlife Refuge, located near Tyler. ===Sports=== *[[Quincy Acy]] – [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] power forward – Sacramento Kings *[[Gary Baxter]] (1978)– NFL defensive back *[[Ciron Black]] (1986) – college football right tackle *[[Jeb Blount]] (1954) – NFL quarterback *[[Tyus Bowser]] – [http://www.uhcougars.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/tyus_bowser_847106.html University of Houston] & [[Baltimore Ravens]] Offensive Line Backer (2017) *[[Earl Campbell]] – NFL running back (1955) *[[Chris Carter (defensive back)|Chris Carter]] – NFL defensive back (1977) *[[Travis Chick]] – MLB Pitcher (2006) *[[Ricky Collins]] – CFL wide receiver for the [[Saskatchewan Roughriders]] (2016) *[[Tim Crowder]] – NFL defensive end (1985) *[[George Cumby]] (1956) – NFL linebacker *[[Matt Flynn]] – NFL quarterback (1985) *[[Hunter Freeman]] – [[Major League Soccer]] defender/midfielder (1985) *[[Randy Grimes]] – [[National Football League|NFL]] center (1960) *[[Daniel Hernández (soccer)|Daniel Hernández]] – [[Major League Soccer]] defender/midfielder (1976) *[[Clarence Huber]] – [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] third baseman *[[Kendall Hunter]] – [[National Football League|NFL]] running back (1988) *[[Larry Johnson (basketball, born 1969)|Larry Johnson]] – [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] forward (1969) *[[Jeremy Lane (American football)|Jeremy Lane]] – NFL cornerback (1990) *[[Tremain Mack]] – [[National Football League|NFL]] kick returner (1974) *[[Patrick Mahomes]] – [[Kansas City Chiefs]] Quarterback (1995). Super Bowl LIV Champion and MVP. *[[Benny Malone]] – NFL running back (1952) *[[Johnny Manziel]] – NFL quarterback (1992), Born in Tyler, but raised in [[Kerrville, Texas|Kerrville]]- Cleveland Browns *[[LaDouphyous McCalla]] – CFL defensive back (1976) *[[A.J. Minter]] - MLB pitcher (2017-present) *[[Jerry Mumphrey]] – MLB outfielder (1952) *[[Terrence Murphy (American football)|Terrence Murphy]] – NFL wide receiver *[[Brandon Pettigrew]] – NFL tight end (1985) – Detroit Lions *[[Archie Reynolds]] – MLB pitcher, raised in Tyler (1946) *[[Derrell Robertson]] – [[Canadian Football League]] player (1967-1994) *[[Aaron Ross (American football)|Aaron Ross]] – NFL cornerback, schooled in Tyler (1982) *[[Louis Santop]] – [[Negro league baseball|Negro League]] catcher *[[Robert Taylor (sprinter born 1948)|Robert Taylor]] – Olympic runner (1948-2007) *[[Josh Tomlin]] – MLB pitcher (1984) *[[Lee Tunnell]] – MLB pitcher (1960) *[[Morgan Wade]] – BMX professional (1983) *[[Greg Ward, Jr.]] – [[University of Houston|Philadelphia Eagles]] Wide Receiver *[[Branch Warren]] – bodybuilder *[[Doug Wyatt]] – NFL defensive back (1946) ===Others=== Terry B. Plays word chums, phase 10, watches Netflix for the commercials and barks at passing dogs. Likes strawberry frosted pop tarts with ketchup and doesn’t drink coffee until it’s cold. Only watched GOT because of Jon snow *[[Harry Asher Badt]] – naval officer in World War I and II *[[Jo-Carroll Dennison]] – [[Miss America]] 1942, the first [[Miss Texas]] to win the national title *[[Jonna Fitzgerald]] – former Miss Texas, runner-up in [[Miss America]] pageant, television news anchor, noted musician *[[Bruce Goff]] – Modernist architect, died in Tyler, Texas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/10/t-magazine/bruce-goff-architecture-midwest.html|title=The Man Who Made Wildly Imaginative, Gloriously Disobedient Buildings|last=|first=|date=September 10, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 13, 2018|language=en}}</ref> ==Sister cities== * {{flagdeco|Chile}} [[Lo Barnechea]], Chile<ref name="Interactive City Directory">{{cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Tyler,%20Texas |title=Interactive City Directory |publisher=Sister Cities International}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Mexico}} [[San Miguel de Allende]], [[Guanajuato]], Mexico<ref name="Interactive City Directory"/> * {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Yachiyo, Chiba|Yachiyo]], [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], Japan<ref name="Interactive City Directory"/> * {{flagdeco|Poland}} [[Jelenia Góra]], Poland<ref name="Interactive City Directory"/> * {{flagdeco|Costa Rica}} [[Liberia, Costa Rica|Liberia]], Costa Rica<ref name="Interactive City Directory"/> * {{flagdeco|France}} [[Metz, France]] ==See also== {{Portal|Texas}} *[[Cotton Belt Depot Train Museum]] *[[List of museums in East Texas]] *[[Tyler Museum of Art]] *[[Whitaker-McClendon House]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * Austin, Gladys Peters, ''Along the Century Trail: Early History of Tyler, Texas'' (Dallas: Avalon Press, 1946) * Burton, Morris ''Tyler as an Early Railroad Center'', Chronicles of Smith County, Spring 1963 * Betts, Vicki, ''Smith County, Texas, in the Civil War'' (Tyler, Texas: Smith County Historical Society, 1978) * Everett, Dianna, ''The Texas Cherokees: A People between Two Fires, 1819–1840'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990) * Glover, ed., Robert W., ''Tyler and Smith County, Texas'' (n.p.: Walsworth, 1976) * Henderson, Adele, Smith County, ''Texas: Its Background and History in Ante-Bellum Days'' (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1926) * McDonald, Archie P. ''Historic Smith County'' (Historical Publishing Network, 2006). * Reed, Robert E. Jr. ''Images of America: Tyler'' ([[Arcadia Publishing]], 2008). * Reed, Robert E. Jr. ''Postcard History: Tyler'' ([[Arcadia Publishing]], 2009). * Smith County Historical Society, ''Historical Atlas of Smith County'' (Tyler, Texas: Tyler Print Shop, 1965) * Wardlaw, Trevor P. "Sires and Sons: The Story of Hubbard’s Regiment." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015. {{ISBN|978-1511963732}} * Whisenhunt, Donald W. comp., ''Chronological History of Smith County'' (Tyler, Texas: Smith County Historical Society, 1983) * Woldert, Albert, ''A History of Tyler and Smith County'' (San Antonio: Naylor, 1948) ==External links== {{commons category|Tyler, Texas}} {{wikivoyage|Tyler}} {{NSRW Poster|Tyler, Tex.|Tyler, Texas}} * [https://www.cityoftyler.org/ City Of Tyler Website] Official City Website {{Prone to spam|date=December 2014}} {{Z148}}<!-- {{No more links}} Please be cautious adding more external links. Wikipedia is not a collection of links and should not be used for advertising. Excessive or inappropriate links will be removed. See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. 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