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'[[File:Free throw.jpg|thumb|right|170px|[[Free throws]] are awarded to the opposing team when a team enters the penalty situation.]] In the sport of [[basketball]], the '''bonus situation''' (also called the '''penalty situation''') occurs when one team accumulates a requisite number of [[foul (basketball)|foul]]s, which number varies depending on the level of play. When one team has committed the requisite number of fouls, each subsequent foul results in the opposing team's taking [[free throw]]s regardless of the type of foul committed (i.e., whether the foul was a shooting foul).<ref name="nba">{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/canada/Basketball_U_on_the_Penalty-Canada_Generic_Article-18069.html|title=Basketball U: On The Penalty|date=September 18, 2008|publisher=National Basketball Association|accessdate=2009-05-02}}</ref> Teams under the limit are commonly referred to as having '''fouls to give''', and thus they can try to disrupt their opponents without being penalized free throws. These fouls reset every quarter or half depending on the rules in use (i.e. FIBA, NBA, NCAA, etc.). ==FIBA== Under [[FIBA]] rules, used for all competitions involving international teams and most leagues outside the U.S., the penalty is triggered when a team commits more than four fouls in a quarter; the fifth and subsequent team fouls will incur penalty free throws. All subsequent non-shooting defensive fouls committed by that team in the same quarter concede two free throws. All fouls committed by players count towards the team foul count. Only defensive fouls are awarded free throws. Team fouls accrue from the fourth period on, as all overtimes are extensions of it for the purpose of team foul accumulation. ===FIBA 3x3=== The 3-man game, known as FIBA [[3x3 basketball|3x3]], has a slightly different penalty rule. The penalty is triggered when a team commits more than six fouls in a game. Each penalty situation involves two penalty free throws, and the tenth and subsequent fouls will also include possession of the ball. The bonus rule specifically supersedes the normal rules for defensive fouls on shot attempts. Instead of the 1 shot awarded on a made basket or a missed 1-point shot attempt, or the 2 free throws awarded on a missed 2-point shot attempt, 2 free throws are always awarded regardless of the result of the shot attempt. However, as in standard basketball rules, offensive fouls (if not technical or unsportsmanlike) never result in free throws, regardless of the number of team fouls.<ref>[http://www.fiba.com/downloads/v3_abouFiba/3x3/3x3RulesOfTheGame.pdf]</ref> By Curtis Rusell This is my number= 876 432 2452 ==NBA and WNBA== ===Team foul penalty=== In the [[National Basketball Association]] and [[Women's National Basketball Association]], bonus rules in a quarter apply starting with the fifth team foul, with a rule change preventing a team not in the penalty late in a period from committing multiple fouls without penalty. The rules on the team foul penalty are similar to the FIBA version, with three major differences: Only defensive and loose-ball fouls count towards a team's limit for the team foul penalty. Offensive fouls do not count towards the team foul penalty unless a player is in the player foul penalty situation.<ref name="nba rules">{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList|title=Rule No. 12: Fouls and Penalties|date=January 31, 2001|publisher=National Basketball Association|accessdate=2009-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323094357/http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_12.html?nav=ArticleList|archive-date=March 23, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The team foul penalty applies in a period after a team commits one foul in the final two minutes if the team had not reached the penalty phase in the first ten (NBA) or eight (WNBA) minutes of that period. In other words, within any period free throws are awarded starting from the fifth foul OR from the second foul in the last two minutes of the period, whichever comes earlier.<ref name="nba rules"/> If a game enters [[overtime (sports)|overtime]], the foul counts are reset to 0, and are similarly reset before each subsequent overtime period. The penalty phase starts with the fourth foul in each overtime period rather than five for regulation periods, since overtime periods are much shorter than regular game periods (5 minutes vs. 10/12 in regulation play). As in regulation play, two free throws are awarded for non-shooting defensive fouls during the bonus period, and one foul in the final two minutes automatically puts the team in the team foul penalty.<ref name="nba rules"/> ===Player foul penalty=== A player who commits his/her sixth (and subsequent) personal foul and must remain in the game because the team has no eligible players remaining, or a player who was the last player to commit six fouls, and with no eligible players following an injury or ejection, is called back to the game, is charged with a non-unsportsmanlike conduct technical foul, with the penalty of a single free throw, regardless of offensive or defensive foul. The player cannot be ejected for a technical foul for this situation.<ref name="NBA Rule Book">{{cite web |title=Rule No. 3: Players, Substitutes, and Coaches |url=https://official.nba.com/rule-no-3-players-substitutes-and-coaches/ |website=NBA.COM |publisher=National Basketball Association |accessdate=2019-12-23}}</ref> This type of technical foul serves in effect as a "player foul penalty" of a bonus free throw, similar to the team foul penalty. However, this bonus free throw is awarded regardless of the foul being an offensive or defensive foul, unlike a team foul penalty, where the two free throws only applies for defensive fouls. If an offensive player commits his/her sixth or subsequent foul, is an offensive foul, and there are no eligible players available, one free throw is still awarded, in addition to possession of the ball to the team shooting the free throw. == NCAA == The bonus situation is also used in American men's [[college basketball]], but the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] rules are very different from the bonus rules of the NBA. The basic bonus rules remain the same, but the limit for team fouls is six per half. Upon committing the seventh foul of the half, a team is penalized and the opposing team is awarded at least one free throw for any defensive or loose-ball foul, no matter if the foul was shooting or non-shooting (offensive fouls are never awarded free throws in the NCAA). In the case of a non-shooting foul, the opposing player must make the first free throw in order to be awarded a second free throw. This is commonly referred to as "one-and-one".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usabasketball.com/rules/rules.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-10-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027183121/http://www.usabasketball.com/rules/rules.html |archivedate=2011-10-27 }}</ref> (A shooting foul is not subject to this requirement; the player will get all free throw attempts allowed by the rules regardless of the result of the preceding shot.) Beginning with the tenth foul of a half, the fouled team is awarded two free throws on non-shooting fouls regardless of whether or not the first shot is made (often referred to as the "double bonus"). For purposes of bonus, team fouls accrue from the second half on, as all overtimes are extensions of it.<ref name="ncaa">{{cite web|url=http://www.ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Basketball_Rules_2008-09fb2fc956-7592-4877-993e-dae20a6f90ed.pdf |title=2009 NCAA Men's and Women's Basketball Rules |year=2008 |publisher=NCAA |accessdate=May 2, 2009 |quote="Each common foul committed by the defensive team, beginning with a team's seventh foul during the half, provided that the first attempt is successful" |page=124 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206052715/http://ncaapublications.com/Uploads/PDF/Basketball_Rules_2008-09fb2fc956-7592-4877-993e-dae20a6f90ed.pdf |archivedate=February 6, 2009 }}</ref> Women's college basketball followed men's bonus rules until the 2015–16 season, when it adopted FIBA bonus rules: four fouls per period; two free throws on every team foul over four; team fouls accrue from the fourth period on, as all overtimes are extensions of it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://espn.go.com/womens-college-basketball/story/_/id/13038918/ncaa-approves-change-four-quarters-women-basketball|title=NCAA panel approves women's basketball rule changes|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[ESPN.com]]|date=June 8, 2015|accessdate=November 6, 2015}}</ref> The NCAA regularly uses its second-tier tournament for [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] men's teams, the [[National Invitation Tournament]], as a testing ground for experimental rules, and the bonus situation is no exception. The following bonus-related rules have been used in the [[2017 National Invitation Tournament|2017]], [[2018 National Invitation Tournament|2018]], and [[2019 National Invitation Tournament|2019]] editions:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/18677489/nit-experiment-reset-fouls-mimic-4-quarter-game |title=NIT to experiment with resetting fouls every 10 minutes |first=C.L. |last=Brown |website=[[ESPN.com]] |date=February 13, 2017 |accessdate=February 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/22597009/longer-3-point-line-experimental-rules-used-nit |title=NIT to experiment with new rules this season |first=Kyle |last=Bonagura |website=ESPN.com |date=February 27, 2018 |accessdate=February 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/basketball-men/2019-02-22/college-basketball-experimental-rules-be-used-2019-nit |title=Experimental rules to be used at 2019 NIT |publisher=NCAA |date=February 22, 2019 |accessdate=February 23, 2019}}</ref> * In 2017 and 2019, both team foul counts were reset to zero at the 10-minute mark of each half (technically 9:59). In 2018, games were played in quarters, matching current practice in NCAA women's basketball, instead of the halves used in the current NCAA men's rules. * In all three tournaments, the team foul limit was four per 10-minute block (either the virtual quarter in 2017 and 2019, or the actual quarter in 2018), identical to the NCAA women's limit for each quarter. * Also in all three tournaments, two shots were awarded for all non-shooting defensive or loose-ball fouls upon the fifth team foul in a 10-minute block. This is also identical to the current NCAA women's rule. * In 2017 and 2019, each overtime period was considered a separate period for accumulation of team fouls, as in the (W)NBA. The fourth team foul in an overtime period triggered the so-called "double bonus". * In 2019 only, the (W)NBA rule regarding team fouls in the final 2 minutes of a quarter during regulation, or any overtime period, will be adopted between 8:00 and 10:00 and 18:00 and 20:00 of each half, as well as the final 2 minutes of any overtime. The rules of the [[National Federation of State High School Associations]] (NFHS), which govern high school basketball in the United States, follow NCAA men's rules on this point for both boys' and girls' play. Even though the NFHS rules divide the game into quarters, the team foul count resets only at halftime. == Summary == {| class="wikitable" !Authority !Penalty FTs after !Team fouls reset at !Reset at overtime? !Penalty free-throws at overtime after !Free-throws attempted |- |FIBA (5-on-5), NCAA (women) |5th team foul |Quarter | colspan="2" |No |Two |- |FIBA (3x3) |6th team foul |Game | colspan="2" |No |Two; on 10th team foul, possession also awarded to non-fouling team |- |NBA and WNBA <BR>Team Only |5th team foul or 2nd team foul in the last two minutes of quarter if not yet in penalty by then |Quarter |Yes at every overtime period |4th team foul or 2nd team foul in the last two minutes of overtime if not yet in penalty by then |Two |- |NBA and WNBA <BR>Players Only |6th player foul <BR><small>''If No eligible players remaining on bench OR'' <BR> ''Player must reenter game after six fouls because last eligible player injured.''</SMALL> |Game | colspan="2" |No |One, ''includes'' offensive fouls <BR>If defensive foul, team penalty also applies. <BR> On offensive fouls or fouls without additional free throws (e.g. shooting or team penalty), the shooting team retains possession of the ball. |- |NCAA (men), NFHS |7th team foul |Half | colspan="2" |No |One (if first free-throw missed prior to tenth foul), or two (if first free-throw made prior to tenth foul, or after 10th foul) |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Basketball}} [[Category:Rules of basketball]] @GreekGodx on twitter UWU'