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{{Infobox zoo
|zoo_name = Brooklyn Botanic Garden
|logo = Brooklyn Botanic Garden (logo).png
|logo_width = 200px
|logo_caption = Current logo
|image = Brooklyn_botanic_garden_fragrance_garden_gate.jpg
|image_caption= Brooklyn Botanic Garden
|date_opened = Founded in 1910
|location = 990 Washington Avenue, within [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]], [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]] 11225<br>[[United States]]
|coordinates = {{coord|40|40|12|N|73|57|45|W|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
|area = {{convert|52|acre|ha}}
|num_species = 12,000<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bbg.org/research/plant_collection | title=BBG's Plant Collection | access-date=May 2, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508105458/http://www.bbg.org/research/plant_collection | archive-date=May 8, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|annual_visitors= 725,000<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bbg.org/press/capital_campaign | title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden Announces $7.5M Leon Levy Foundation Gift | access-date=May 2, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217044059/http://www.bbg.org/press/capital_campaign | archive-date=February 17, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|publictransit = '''[[New York City Subway]]:'''{{bulleted list|{{NYCS Franklin-Botanic|time=bullets}} at [[Franklin Avenue/Botanic Garden (New York City Subway)|Franklin Avenue/Botanic Garden]]|{{NYCS Prospect Park|time=bullets}} at [[Prospect Park (BMT lines)|Prospect Park]]}}'''[[New York City Bus]]:''' {{NYC bus link|B41|B48}}
|website = http://www.bbg.org/
}}
'''Brooklyn Botanic Garden''' ('''BBG''') is a [[botanical garden]] in the [[Borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]]. It was founded in 1910 and is located in [[Mount Prospect Park]] in central Brooklyn, adjacent to [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]] and the [[Brooklyn Museum]]. The {{convert|52|acre|ha|adj=on}} garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and has nearly a million visitors each year. It includes a number of specialty "gardens within the Garden", plant collections, the Steinhardt Conservatory that houses the [[C. V. Starr]] Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron-and-glass [[aquatic plant]] house, and an art gallery.
==History==
=== Site ===
The impetus to build [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]] stemmed from an April 18, 1859, act of the [[New York State Legislature]] that empowered a twelve-member commission to recommend sites for parks in the [[City of Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBYZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1|title=Laws Relating to the Public Parks, Parkways, and Other Property Under the Care and Control of the Brooklyn Park Commissioners|last=Anderson|first=J.A.|year=1887|page=1|access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/3137046/|title=Public Parks and Promenades|date=May 29, 1860|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 19, 2019|page=2|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref> In February 1860, a group of fifteen commissioners submitted suggestions for park locations in Brooklyn, including a {{convert|320|acre|km2|adj=on}} plot centered on present-day [[Mount Prospect Park]] and bounded by Warren Street to the north; [[Vanderbilt Avenue|Vanderbilt]], Ninth, and Tenth Avenues to the west; Third and Ninth Streets to the south; and [[Washington Avenue (Brooklyn, New York)|Washington Avenue]] to the east.<ref name="Lancaster">{{cite book|url=https://www.echonyc.com/~parks/books/handbook.html|title=Prospect Park Handbook|last=Lancaster|first=Clay|publisher=Long Island University Press|year=1972|isbn=978-0-913252-06-2|edition=2nd|location=New York|pages=|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001181824/https://www.echonyc.com/~parks/books/handbook.html|archive-date=October 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/27409545/|title=Prospect Park|date=May 19, 1861|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 19, 2019|page=2|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref> [[Egbert Viele]] began drawing plans for the park, which was to straddle [[Flatbush Avenue]] and include Prospect Hill and the land now occupied by the [[Central Library (Brooklyn Public Library)|Brooklyn Public Library]], the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and the [[Brooklyn Museum]].<ref name="Lancaster" /><ref name=":9">{{cite journal|last=Bluestone|first=Daniel M.|year=1987|title=From Promenade to Park: The Gregarious Origins of Brooklyn's Park Movement|journal=American Quarterly|publisher=JSTOR|volume=39|issue=4|pages=529–550|doi=10.2307/2713123|issn=0003-0678|jstor=2713123}}</ref> The onset of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] stopped further activity.<ref name=":9" /> Early in 1865, [[Calvert Vaux]] was hired to review Viele's plans.<ref name="Lancaster" /><ref name="PPAHistory">{{cite web|url=https://www.prospectpark.org/learn-more/park-history-slideshow/|title=History and Nature: History of the Park|year=2007|publisher=Prospect Park Alliance|accessdate=November 23, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224055718/http://prospectpark.org/learn-more/park-history-slideshow/|archive-date=December 24, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Vaux took issue with Flatbush Avenue's division of the park.<ref name="PPGuide">{{cite book|title=The Complete Illustrated Guidebook to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden|last=Berenson|first=Richard J.|author2=deMause, Neil|publisher=Silver Lining Books|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7607-2213-8|location=New York|pages=|authorlink2=Neil deMause}}</ref>{{Rp|86–91}} Vaux's February 1865 proposal excluded parcels of land east of Flatbush Avenue, including Prospect Hill, that were already purchased.<ref name="Lancaster" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1868/12/15/archives/prospect-park-progress-of-the-workdescriptive-particulars.html|title=Prospect Park; Progress of the Work—Descriptive Particulars.|date=December 15, 1868|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=January 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064330/https://www.nytimes.com/1868/12/15/archives/prospect-park-progress-of-the-workdescriptive-particulars.html|archive-date=January 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/annualreportsofb1873broo/annualreportsofb1873broo_djvu.txt|title=Annual reports of the Brooklyn Park Commissioners, 1861–1873|last=|first=|date=1873|publisher=Brooklyn Park Commissioners|isbn=|location=|page=127|access-date=January 28, 2019|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The northeast portion served as an [[ash dump]].
=== Creation ===
In 1897, as the city moved [[History of New York City|toward consolidation]], legislation reserved 39 acres (16 ha) for a botanic garden, which was founded in 1910.<ref name="bbg">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/about/history |title=A Brief History of BBG |website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |accessdate=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508105827/http://www.bbg.org/about/history |archive-date=May 8, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Initially known as the Institute Park, the garden was run under the auspices of the [[Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences]], which until the 1970s included [[Brooklyn Museum]], [[Brooklyn Children's Museum]], and [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]].<ref name="bm">{{cite web |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/about/building.php |title=About the Brooklyn Museum's Building |website=Brooklyn Museum |accessdate=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420183309/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/about/building.php |archive-date=April 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The garden opened as the Brooklyn Botanic Garden on May 13, 1911, with the Native Flora Garden as the first established section.<ref name="nycparks">{{cite web|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklynbotanicgarden/history|title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden History|website=NYC Parks|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103055821/http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklynbotanicgarden/history|archive-date=November 3, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/about/history|title=A Brief History of BBG|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
[[Harold Caparn]] was appointed as the landscape architect in 1912; over the next three decades he designed most of the remaining grounds, including the Osborne Garden, Cranford Rose Garden, Magnolia Plaza, and Plant Collection.<ref name="tclf">{{cite web |url=http://tclf.org/pioneer/harold-caparn/biography-harold-caparn |title=Biography of Harold Caparn |website=The Cultural Landscape Foundation |accessdate=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031215452/http://tclf.org/pioneer/harold-caparn/biography-harold-caparn |archive-date=October 31, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Construction of the Laboratory Building and Conservatory began that year and the building was dedicated in 1917.<ref name="nycparks" /> [[William M. Kendall]] designed the building, in the [[Italianate architecture#Italianate style in the United States|Tuscan Revival]] style for [[McKim, Mead & White]]. Later renamed the [[Laboratory Administration Building]], it was designated a [[New York City Landmark]] in 2007.<ref name="nyclpc">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2214.pdf|title=Laboratory Administration Building, Brooklyn Botanic Garden|date=March 13, 2007|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930014541/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2214.pdf|archive-date=September 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Later history ===
Under BBG president Judith Zuk, who assumed the role in 1990, several of its gardens were renovated, including the Children's, Japanese Hill-and-Pond, Fragrance, Osborne, and Cranford Gardens; the lily pool terrace; and the magnolia plaza,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/nyregion/06zuk.html|title=Judith D. Zuk, 55, Who Ran the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Is Dead|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=2007-09-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 1996, the garden began charging admission of $3 per adult after cuts in public and private funding and increases in operating costs.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="afeegrows">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/fee-grows-brooklyn-botanic-garden-charge-admission-article-1.722031|author=Laura Williams|date=January 30, 1996|title=A Fee Grows in Brooklyn: Botanic Garden to Charge Admission|newspaper=Daily News|accessdate=April 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410214207/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/fee-grows-brooklyn-botanic-garden-charge-admission-article-1.722031|archive-date=April 10, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> A voluntary donation to enter had, for the past twenty years, failed to return adequate revenue. Community groups protested by presenting a "Poison Ivy Award" for having "given little consideration to the impact this fee would have on ... the immediate neighborhood, which is primarily [[working class]]."<ref name="linewaiters">{{cite news
|first=Laura
|last=Williams
|date=1996-04-25
|title=Botanic Garden Admission Fee Denies Access to Many
|newspaper=Linewaiter's Gazette
|publisher=Park Slope Food Coop
}}</ref>
In October 2019, the BBG hosted an exhibition called "Fight for Sunlight" to bring more attention to a proposed development adjacent to the Garden at 960 Franklin Avenue,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit|title=Fight for Sunlight Exhibit|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2019-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105113151/https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit|archive-date=November 5, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> saying that contrary to the developers' statements, its conservatories "would face catastrophic events".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amny.com/news/brooklyn-botanic-garden-shadows-1.34466573|title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden’s ‘Fight for Sunlight’ protests Crown Heights building proposal|last=Brown|first=Nicole|date=July 31, 2019|work=AM New York|access-date=October 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026165833/https://www.amny.com/news/brooklyn-botanic-garden-shadows-1.34466573/|archive-date=October 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Specialty gardens and collections==
{{Refimprove-section|date=December 2019}}
[[File:Bbg cherry esplande.jpg|thumb|upright|right|250px|Cherry Esplanade]]
===Cherry trees===
Brooklyn Botanic Garden has more than 200 [[cherry]] trees of forty-two Asian species and cultivated varieties, making it one of the foremost cherry-blossom-viewing sites outside Japan. The first cherry trees, a gift from the Japanese government, were planted at the garden after [[World War I]]. Each spring, a month-long cherry blossom viewing festival called ''[[Hanami]]'' is held at the Cherry Esplanade, culminating in a weekend celebration called ''[[Sakura Matsuri]]''. The esplanade features two rows of cherry trees with trails and seating areas on the side. Visitors may also sit on the grass between the rows of trees. BBG also has the Cherry Walk in the Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden and there are also cherry trees in many other locations in the Garden. Depending on weather conditions, the Asian flowering cherries bloom from late March or early April to mid-May. The many species flower at slightly different times and the sequence is tracked on Cherry Watch on the BBG website.<ref name="CherryWatch">{{cite web |title=Cherry Blossoms at BBG – CherryWatch |publisher=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |url=http://www.bbg.org/collections/cherries |access-date=March 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324145416/http://www.bbg.org/collections/cherries |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden===
[[File: Bridge to Eden.jpg|thumb|Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden]]
BBG's Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens/japanese_garden|title=Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> was one of the first [[Japanese garden|Japanese gardens]] to be created in an American botanic garden, and reportedly the first one to be accessible free of charge.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0jRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT117|title=Quiet Beauty: The Japanese Gardens of North America|last=Brown|first=K.H.|last2=Cobb|first2=D.M.|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4629-1186-8|series=NONE|pages=117-118|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref> It was constructed between 1914 and 1915 at a cost of $13,000, a gift of early BBG benefactor and trustee [[Alfred Tredway White]],<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> and it first opened to the public in June 1915.<ref name=":2" /> The garden was created by Japanese landscape designer [[Takeo Shiota]] (1881–1943).<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" />
The garden is a blend of the ancient hill-and-pond style and the more modern stroll-garden styles in which landscape features are gradually revealed along winding paths. Its {{convert|3|acre|ha}} contain three hills signifying earth, heaven, and humanity; a waterfall; a pond resembling the Japanese character for "heart"; and an island, all of which were artificially constructed. There are also carefully placed rocks.<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /><ref>{{cite news|url=|title=Japanese Garden at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden|date=July 26, 1930|work=Brooklyn Life|access-date=|pages=[https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42222209/ 5], [https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42222130/ 12]|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> Among the architectural elements of the garden are wooden bridges, [[stone lantern]]s, a viewing pavilion, a ''[[torii]]'' (gateway), and a [[Shinto]] shrine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42219429/|title=Replica of Japanese Garden a Feature of Brooklyn Botanical Display|date=July 10, 1915|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 13, 2020|page=13|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> The pond is filled with hundreds of Japanese [[koi fish]] that visitors can view at the torii or along the garden's trail. There is also a Japanese temple dedicated to [[Inari (god)|Inari]], the fox [[kami]].<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> The brook from this garden leads through several other parts of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, terminating at the Water Garden.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens|title=Gardens & Conservatories|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
The shrine was destroyed by a fire in 1939 and rebuilt in 1950. The viewing pavilion, burned down in 1948, was rebuilt in 1963.<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> The Japanese Garden was renamed the Oriental Garden during World War II<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42223591/|title=Jaunt Along the Waterfront|date=May 9, 1951|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 13, 2020|page=21|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> and restored in 1950.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42223516/|title=Crown Queen Tomorrow in Botanic Garden|date=April 30, 1950|work=New York Daily News|access-date=January 13, 2020|page=613|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> The Japanese Garden was restored again in 2000 for $3 million;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/18/travel/travel-advisory-japanese-garden-restored.html|title=TRAVEL ADVISORY; Japanese Garden Restored|last=Raver|first=Anne|date=2000-06-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-13|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> the project was recognized with the [[New York Landmark Conservancy]]'s 2001 Preservation Award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/awards.page|title=Awards - Department of Design and Construction|website=www1.nyc.gov|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
===Cranford Rose Garden===
[[File:Bbg Rosegarden.jpg|thumb|left|Cranford Rose Garden]]
In 1927, Walter V. Cranford, a [[construction engineer]] whose firm built many of Brooklyn's subway tunnels, donated $15,000 to BBG for a rose garden. An excavation revealed a cobblestone road {{Convert|2|feet|meter|spell=in|abbr=on}} below the surface and tons of glacial rock, which had to be carted away on horse-drawn barges. The Cranford Rose Garden was designed by landscape architect [[Harold Caparn]] and [[Montague Free]], the BBG's horticulturist. Many of the original plants were still in the garden in 2019. The rose garden has over 5,000 bushes of nearly 1,400 [[Garden roses|kinds of roses]], including wild species, old garden roses, hybrid tea roses, grandifloras, and polyanthas. The garden also includes a stone statue.
===Native Flora Garden===
[[File:Tupelo Path.jpg|thumb|right|Native Flora Garden]]
[[File:Fall In the Native Flora Garden.jpg|thumb|right|Native Flora Garden Expansion]]
The Native Flora Garden was the first section of the garden to be established and opened in 1911.<ref name="nycparks"/> It was the first of its kind in North America. It was originally a wildflower planting but was redesigned in 1931 as a woodland habitat with plants native to the New York metropolitan area.<ref name="bbgnfg">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/discover/gardens/native_flora_garden#/tabs-2 |title=Native Flora Garden History |website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |accessdate=December 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228114344/http://www.bbg.org/discover/gardens/native_flora_garden#/tabs-2 |archive-date=December 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Native Flora Garden was closed from 1963 to 1983 due to a lack of funding.
In 2013, the Native Flora Garden was expanded with a new landscape that was designed by [[Darrel Morrison]]. The expansion provides new habitats for local plants that would be shaded out by the mature canopy in the original {{Convert|2|acre|ha|adj=on|abbr=out|spell=in}} garden. The expansion has a [[tallgrass prairie]], [[dry meadow]], [[pine barrens]], [[Kettle (landform)|kettle pond]], and a wooden bridge.<ref name="bbgnfgnews">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/news/native_flora_garden_expansion |title=Native Flora Garden Expansion |website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |accessdate=December 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318232340/http://www.bbg.org/news/native_flora_garden_expansion |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===[[Shakespeare Garden]]===
A donation from [[Henry Clay Folger]], founder of the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], led to the construction of BBG's original Shakespeare Garden in 1925; since then it has been moved to another location in the Garden. This English [[cottage garden]] has more than 80 plants that are mentioned in [[William Shakespeare]]'s plays and poems. Plants are labeled with their labels common, Latin and Shakespearean names, relevant quotations, and in some cases a graphic representation of the plant.
===Alice Recknagel Ireys Fragrance Garden===
Next to the Shakespeare Garden is the Fragrance Garden, which has [[braille]] information signs for visitors with [[vision impaired|impaired vision]]. It was created in 1955 by landscape architect [[Alice Recknagel Ireys]] and was the first garden in the country to be designed for the vision-impaired. Visitors are encouraged to rub the fragrant or pleasingly textured leaves of the plants between their fingers. There are four themed sections in the garden; plants to touch, plants with scented leaves, plants with fragrant flowers, and kitchen herbs. The garden is wheelchair-accessible and all planting beds are at an appropriate height for people in wheelchairs. A fountain provides a calming sound and a place to wash one's hands after touching the plants.
===Children's Garden===
[[File:BBG Children's Garden.jpg|thumb|Children's Garden at Brooklyn Botanic Garden]]
The BBG Children's Garden is the world's oldest continually operating children's garden within a botanic garden.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} It was opened in 1914 under the direction of BBG educator Ellen Eddy Shaw and operates as a [[community garden]] for children. Hundreds of children register each year for plots on the {{convert|1|acre|ha|adj=on}} site. This Children's Garden is also open for GAP interns, who get an allocated plot in which they can grow vegetables and flowers to harvest later in the year. It also has a [[compost]] area that is maintained by the GAP interns and staff. The BBG Children's Garden has served as a model for similar gardens around the world.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
=== Water Garden ===
A signature feature in the south garden landscape, the Shelby White and Leon Levy Water Garden is a {{Convert|1.5|acre|ha|adj=on|abbr=out}} [[wetland]] and [[riparian]] environment with numerous sustainability features. It contains a pond that serves as the terminus of the brook that flows from the Japanese Garden. The Water Garden, which was designed by landscape architecture firm [[Michael Van Valkenburgh|Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates]], highlights the beauty of BBG's water elements with a restored and expanded pond-and-brook system and around 20,000 new plants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens//water_garden/|title=Water Garden - Brooklyn Botanic Garden|website=www.bbg.org|language=en|access-date=April 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406023159/https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens//water_garden/|archive-date=April 6, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Water Garden was completed in 2016;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens/water_garden|title=Water Garden|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archpaper.com/2016/10/brooklyn-botanic-garden-water-garden/|title=New Brooklyn Botanic Garden water garden inspired by NY wetlands|date=2016-10-24|website=Archpaper.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> prior to the garden's redesign, the pond was known as Terminal Pond.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hiddenwatersblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/29/bbg/|title=Water Garden, Brooklyn|date=December 29, 2017|website=Hidden Waters blog|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref>
===Other gardens===
[[File:Peach Glow water-lily at Brooklyn Botanic Garden.jpg|thumb|left|A ''[[Nymphaea]]'' 'Peach Glow' water-lily in one of the lily pools]]
Other specialty gardens at BBG include the Discovery Garden designed for young children; the Herb Garden; the Lily Pool Terrace that has two large display pools of lilies and koi fish and is surrounded by annual and perennial borders; the Osborne Garden, a {{convert|3|acre|ha|adj=on}}, [[Italian garden|Italian-style garden]] that features pergolas and a stone fountain, and the Rock Garden, built around 18 boulders left behind by glaciers during the [[Ice Age]]. A Celebrity Path honors famous [[Brooklynite]]s such as [[Barbra Streisand]], [[Woody Allen]], and [[Walt Whitman]] with a trail of engraved paving stones that lead to the Alfred T. White Amphitheater, which hosts concerts and performances.
The '''Plant Family Collection''', which comprises about a third of BBG's area, includes plants and trees arranged by [[Family (biology)|family]] to show their evolution. Although recent studies of [[plant genetics]] have changed the classification of individual plants, the groupings are a good introduction to the many plant families and their constituent species. The groupings include primitive plants (ferns and conifers) and composite plants.
[[Image:BBGIndoor.JPG|thumb|Steinhardt Conservatory desert collection]]
[[File:BBG - Carissa macrocarpa var. Horizontalis - Cascade by Frank Okamura.jpg|thumb|Bonsaï ''Carissa macrocarpa'' var. Horizontalis - BBG]]
The '''Steinhardt Conservatory''' houses BBG's extensive indoor plant collection in three climate-controlled pavilions for tropical, warm temperate, and desert flora. Also located here is the C.V. Starr Bonsai Museum, one of the oldest collections of the dwarf potted trees in the country; an art gallery; the Robert W. Wilson Aquatic House with its collections of tropical water plants, insect-eating plants, and [[orchid]]s; and the Stephen K-M. Tim Trail of Evolution, which traces the history of plant evolution and the effects of climate change over 3½ billion years.
BBG also has an Overlook above the Cherry Esplanade that allows visitors a holistic view of the Cherry Esplanade and Garden. The Overlook is also used for bird watching and observing other wildlife in the Garden.
==Programs==
{{Original research-section|date=December 2019}}
===Education programs===
[[File:Redwood bonsai.JPG|thumb|left|A [[bonsai]] [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]] in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Bonsai Museum]]
[[File:Greenery at Brooklyn Botanic Gardens IMG 0649.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Monocotyledon|Monocot Border]] in early July at Brooklyn Botanic Garden]]
BBG runs diverse programs in youth education, conservation, and community horticulture. The Garden's education department runs a full range of adult and children's classes and events, and also educates thousands of school and camp groups throughout the year.
The Brooklyn Botanic Garden is a founding partner of the [[Brooklyn Academy of Science and the Environment]] (BASE), a small public high school dedicated to science, environmental studies, and urban ecology that was launched in 2003. A Field Studies course is offered alongside Living Environment for incoming freshmen where students spend time at BBG developing scientific skills and doing outdoor scientific study. The school is operated by a partnership between BBG, Prospect Park Alliance, and the [[New York City Department of Education]]. Students are also connected with scientists and horticulturists who serve as mentors for advanced research studies students develop. BASE graduated its first class in 2007 and has attained its fourth [[Gates Millennium Scholar]] in 2013.
BBG's Garden Apprentice Program (GAP) provides internships for students in grades 8 through 12 in gardening, science education, and environmental issues. The program offers students training and volunteer placements with increasing levels of responsibility for up to four years. Many are hired for employment after completing the four-year program.
The Discovery Garden hosts weekly workshops for children. It has interactive exhibits and a small plot with a variety of vegetables. The Garden is currently being expanded.
[[Project Green Reach]] is a science-focused school outreach program that annually reaches nearly 2,500 students and teachers in schools in under-served neighborhoods.
===Plant science and conservation===
Between 1990 and 2010, scientists at Brooklyn Botanic Garden made a comprehensive study of the plants of metropolitan New York City. The study was called the New York Metropolitan Flora project (NYMF); its purpose is to catalog and describe all [[vascular plant]]s growing in the region.
The BBG Herbarium collection holds over 300,000 specimens of preserved plants, particularly those from the New York metropolitan area. These specimens, some from as early as 1818, aid scientists in tracking species, analyzing the spread of [[invasive plant]]s, and modeling changes in the metro region's vegetation. There are also holdings from the western United States, the [[Galapagos Islands]], Bolivia, and Mauritius.
The BBG Library, which is housed in the McKim, Mead & White Administration Building, holds a collection of books on horticulture and botany that is available to home gardeners, professionals, and staff. This building houses a Rare Book Room that holds valuable and historic botanical literature and also features classrooms, auditorium, a rotunda, and offices.
===Community horticulture===
Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Community Greening program (formerly known as GreenBridge) offers residential and commercial gardening programs to [[Block (district subdivision)|block]] associations, [[community garden]]s, [[community center]]s, and other groups.
The annual Greenest Block in Brooklyn contest encourages neighborhood beautification by offering classes in planting window boxes, planters, and tree pits, and recognizing outstanding efforts.
The Urban Composting Project supported by the [[New York City Department of Sanitation]] offers composting assistance and resources to community gardens and institutions, and information on composting in residential backyards to individuals.
==Information==
===Garden publications===
The BBG has been publishing books since 1945, when it launched its popular series of gardening handbooks. Today, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden's ''Guides to a Greener Planet'' contain information on garden design, sustainability, and native plants.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sterlingpublishing.com/imprints/ |title=Imprints - Sterling Publishing |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830235239/https://www.sterlingpublishing.com/imprints/ |archive-date=August 30, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> BBG's website features events, classes, and information on its gardens and collections. It also publishes a Garden News Blog and practical gardening advice. New features are added every week.<ref name=CherryWatch/> BBG's collection of historic photographs and [[lantern slide]]s is also available online.
===Visitor information and gardening resources===
[[File:Brooklyn Botanic Garden 2.JPG|thumb|Osborne Garden]]
The BBG has two gift shops, a visitor center,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/arts/design/a-new-visitor-center-at-brooklyn-botanic-garden.html|title=At Garden’s Visitor Center, a Welcome Transparency|date=May 8, 2012|author=Philip Noble|accessdate=December 23, 2012|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809112732/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/arts/design/a-new-visitor-center-at-brooklyn-botanic-garden.html|archive-date=August 9, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Gardener's Resource Center that provides reference services to home gardeners, staff, and the professional horticultural community. Both centers are both located in the [[McKim, Mead and White]] Administration Building.
A new visitor center at the BBG designed by [[Weiss/Manfredi]] was opened on May 16, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/press/visitorcenter |title=BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN TO OPEN NEW VISITOR CENTER IN MAY 2012 - Brooklyn Botanic Garden |publisher=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |date=May 16, 2012 |accessdate=December 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615000024/http://www.bbg.org/press/visitorcenter |archive-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archdaily.com/235079/brooklyn-botanic-garden-visitor-center-opens-to-the-public |title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center Opens to the Public |publisher=ArchDaily |date=May 17, 2012 |accessdate=December 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119015610/http://www.archdaily.com/235079/brooklyn-botanic-garden-visitor-center-opens-to-the-public/ |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has a [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]] (LEED) Gold certification for its sustainable and environmental features: The center has a [[green roof]], geothermal wells, [[rainwater harvesting]] and recycled wooden panels in its event space.
{{As of|2017}}, membership of BBG starts at $65 for individuals; benefits of membership include events in the spring and summer months, including themed sunset picnic nights.
The Palm House, a [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]]-style conservatory, is used as a wedding and events venue catering for up to 300. [[Group tour]]s are also available. The adjacent Terrace Cafe offers meals and snacks. During the winter, the cafe is relocated indoors to the Steinhardt Conservatory.
The BBG has about 165 full-time and 90 part-time employees, and 600 volunteers. Its annual operating budget is $16.2 million.
==Signs and plaques==
{{Original research-section|date=December 2019}}
*The boundary line between the City of Brooklyn and the Township of Flatbush can be found in the park. The brass marker from 1934 describes the spot and reads "This brass line in the walk shows the boundary between the old City of Brooklyn and the Township of Flatbush."
*The Sandstone Boulder plaque reads, "Boulder of sandstone geological age, Triassic. Transported by continental glacier during the ice age from near [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]] NJ."
*The Diabase Boulder plaque reads, "Boulder of Diabase geological age, Triassic. Transported by continental glacier during the ice age from near Haverstraw, NY."
*At the entrance to the park is a sign: "This gate and booth are due to a bequest of [[Sidney Maddock]], 1937"
*In the Japanese garden there is a stone lantern plaque which reads "This Japanese lantern was presented to the city of New York by Mr. Bunj Sakuma a controller of Taito Ward Tokyo, in October 1980, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the New York-Tokyo [[sister city]] affiliation. In 1652, [[feudal lord]] Naito Bunzen-no Kami Nobuteru dedicated this 10 foot high, 3 ton, komatsu stone lantern to the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]."
*The Liberty Oaks Memorial is a line of oak trees and a [[List of 9/11 memorials|9/11 memorial]]. The boulder at the start of the line reads, "In Remembrance Of The Events Of September 11, 2001 And To Those Who Lost Their Lives That Day. The [[Norway Maple|Norway Maples]] That Grew As The First Generation Of Trees On This Site Were Planted In November 1918 To Commemorate The [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|WW1 Armistice]]."
== See also ==
* [[List of botanical gardens in the United States]]
* [[List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{commons|Brooklyn Botanic Garden|Brooklyn Botanic Garden}}
* [http://www.bbg.org/ Brooklyn Botanic Garden website]
* [http://www.bbg.org/cgi/hic/hic_search.cgi BBG Historic Image Collection] (many images are in [[public domain]])
* [https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/brooklyn-botanic-garden Brooklyn Botanic Garden at Google Cultural Institute]
* [https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit The BBG's Fight for Sunlight exhibition]
{{Protected areas of New York City}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Botanical gardens in New York City]]
[[Category:Japanese-American culture in New York City]]
[[Category:Japanese gardens in the United States]]
[[Category:Prospect Park (Brooklyn)]]
[[Category:Museums in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Art galleries in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in New York City]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox zoo
|zoo_name = Brooklyn Botanic Garden
|logo = Brooklyn Botanic (logo).png
|logo_width = 200px
|logo_caption = Current logo
|image = Brooklyn_botanic_garden_fragrance_garden_gate.jpg
|image_caption= Brooklyn Botanic Garden
|date_opened = Founded in 1910
|location = 990 Washington Avenue, within [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]], [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]] 11225<br>[[United States]]
|coordinates = {{coord|40|40|12|N|73|57|45|W|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
|area = {{convert|52|acre|ha}}
|num_species = 12,000<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bbg.org/research/plant_collection | title=BBG's Plant Collection | access-date=May 2, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508105458/http://www.bbg.org/research/plant_collection | archive-date=May 8, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|annual_visitors= 725,000<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bbg.org/press/capital_campaign | title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden Announces $7.5M Leon Levy Foundation Gift | access-date=May 2, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217044059/http://www.bbg.org/press/capital_campaign | archive-date=February 17, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|publictransit = '''[[New York City Subway]]:'''{{bulleted list|{{NYCS Franklin-Botanic|time=bullets}} at [[Franklin Avenue/Botanic Garden (New York City Subway)|Franklin Avenue/Botanic Garden]]|{{NYCS Prospect Park|time=bullets}} at [[Prospect Park (BMT lines)|Prospect Park]]}}'''[[New York City Bus]]:''' {{NYC bus link|B41|B48}}
|website = http://www.bbg.org/
}}
'''Brooklyn Botanic Garden''' ('''BBG''') is a [[botanical garden]] in the [[Borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]]. It was founded in 1910 and is located in [[Mount Prospect Park]] in central Brooklyn, adjacent to [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]] and the [[Brooklyn Museum]]. The {{convert|52|acre|ha|adj=on}} garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and has nearly a million visitors each year. It includes a number of specialty "gardens within the Garden", plant collections, the Steinhardt Conservatory that houses the [[C. V. Starr]] Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron-and-glass [[aquatic plant]] house, and an art gallery.
==History==
=== Site ===
The impetus to build [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]] stemmed from an April 18, 1859, act of the [[New York State Legislature]] that empowered a twelve-member commission to recommend sites for parks in the [[City of Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBYZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1|title=Laws Relating to the Public Parks, Parkways, and Other Property Under the Care and Control of the Brooklyn Park Commissioners|last=Anderson|first=J.A.|year=1887|page=1|access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/3137046/|title=Public Parks and Promenades|date=May 29, 1860|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 19, 2019|page=2|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref> In February 1860, a group of fifteen commissioners submitted suggestions for park locations in Brooklyn, including a {{convert|320|acre|km2|adj=on}} plot centered on present-day [[Mount Prospect Park]] and bounded by Warren Street to the north; [[Vanderbilt Avenue|Vanderbilt]], Ninth, and Tenth Avenues to the west; Third and Ninth Streets to the south; and [[Washington Avenue (Brooklyn, New York)|Washington Avenue]] to the east.<ref name="Lancaster">{{cite book|url=https://www.echonyc.com/~parks/books/handbook.html|title=Prospect Park Handbook|last=Lancaster|first=Clay|publisher=Long Island University Press|year=1972|isbn=978-0-913252-06-2|edition=2nd|location=New York|pages=|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001181824/https://www.echonyc.com/~parks/books/handbook.html|archive-date=October 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/27409545/|title=Prospect Park|date=May 19, 1861|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 19, 2019|page=2|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref> [[Egbert Viele]] began drawing plans for the park, which was to straddle [[Flatbush Avenue]] and include Prospect Hill and the land now occupied by the [[Central Library (Brooklyn Public Library)|Brooklyn Public Library]], the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and the [[Brooklyn Museum]].<ref name="Lancaster" /><ref name=":9">{{cite journal|last=Bluestone|first=Daniel M.|year=1987|title=From Promenade to Park: The Gregarious Origins of Brooklyn's Park Movement|journal=American Quarterly|publisher=JSTOR|volume=39|issue=4|pages=529–550|doi=10.2307/2713123|issn=0003-0678|jstor=2713123}}</ref> The onset of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] stopped further activity.<ref name=":9" /> Early in 1865, [[Calvert Vaux]] was hired to review Viele's plans.<ref name="Lancaster" /><ref name="PPAHistory">{{cite web|url=https://www.prospectpark.org/learn-more/park-history-slideshow/|title=History and Nature: History of the Park|year=2007|publisher=Prospect Park Alliance|accessdate=November 23, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224055718/http://prospectpark.org/learn-more/park-history-slideshow/|archive-date=December 24, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Vaux took issue with Flatbush Avenue's division of the park.<ref name="PPGuide">{{cite book|title=The Complete Illustrated Guidebook to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden|last=Berenson|first=Richard J.|author2=deMause, Neil|publisher=Silver Lining Books|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7607-2213-8|location=New York|pages=|authorlink2=Neil deMause}}</ref>{{Rp|86–91}} Vaux's February 1865 proposal excluded parcels of land east of Flatbush Avenue, including Prospect Hill, that were already purchased.<ref name="Lancaster" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1868/12/15/archives/prospect-park-progress-of-the-workdescriptive-particulars.html|title=Prospect Park; Progress of the Work—Descriptive Particulars.|date=December 15, 1868|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=January 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064330/https://www.nytimes.com/1868/12/15/archives/prospect-park-progress-of-the-workdescriptive-particulars.html|archive-date=January 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/annualreportsofb1873broo/annualreportsofb1873broo_djvu.txt|title=Annual reports of the Brooklyn Park Commissioners, 1861–1873|last=|first=|date=1873|publisher=Brooklyn Park Commissioners|isbn=|location=|page=127|access-date=January 28, 2019|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The northeast portion served as an [[ash dump]].
=== Creation ===
In 1897, as the city moved [[History of New York City|toward consolidation]], legislation reserved 39 acres (16 ha) for a botanic garden, which was founded in 1910.<ref name="bbg">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/about/history |title=A Brief History of BBG |website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |accessdate=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508105827/http://www.bbg.org/about/history |archive-date=May 8, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Initially known as the Institute Park, the garden was run under the auspices of the [[Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences]], which until the 1970s included [[Brooklyn Museum]], [[Brooklyn Children's Museum]], and [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]].<ref name="bm">{{cite web |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/about/building.php |title=About the Brooklyn Museum's Building |website=Brooklyn Museum |accessdate=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420183309/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/about/building.php |archive-date=April 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The garden opened as the Brooklyn Botanic Garden on May 13, 1911, with the Native Flora Garden as the first established section.<ref name="nycparks">{{cite web|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklynbotanicgarden/history|title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden History|website=NYC Parks|accessdate=April 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103055821/http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklynbotanicgarden/history|archive-date=November 3, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/about/history|title=A Brief History of BBG|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
[[Harold Caparn]] was appointed as the landscape architect in 1912; over the next three decades he designed most of the remaining grounds, including the Osborne Garden, Cranford Rose Garden, Magnolia Plaza, and Plant Collection.<ref name="tclf">{{cite web |url=http://tclf.org/pioneer/harold-caparn/biography-harold-caparn |title=Biography of Harold Caparn |website=The Cultural Landscape Foundation |accessdate=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031215452/http://tclf.org/pioneer/harold-caparn/biography-harold-caparn |archive-date=October 31, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Construction of the Laboratory Building and Conservatory began that year and the building was dedicated in 1917.<ref name="nycparks" /> [[William M. Kendall]] designed the building, in the [[Italianate architecture#Italianate style in the United States|Tuscan Revival]] style for [[McKim, Mead & White]]. Later renamed the [[Laboratory Administration Building]], it was designated a [[New York City Landmark]] in 2007.<ref name="nyclpc">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2214.pdf|title=Laboratory Administration Building, Brooklyn Botanic Garden|date=March 13, 2007|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930014541/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2214.pdf|archive-date=September 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Later history ===
Under BBG president Judith Zuk, who assumed the role in 1990, several of its gardens were renovated, including the Children's, Japanese Hill-and-Pond, Fragrance, Osborne, and Cranford Gardens; the lily pool terrace; and the magnolia plaza,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/nyregion/06zuk.html|title=Judith D. Zuk, 55, Who Ran the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Is Dead|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=2007-09-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 1996, the garden began charging admission of $3 per adult after cuts in public and private funding and increases in operating costs.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="afeegrows">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/fee-grows-brooklyn-botanic-garden-charge-admission-article-1.722031|author=Laura Williams|date=January 30, 1996|title=A Fee Grows in Brooklyn: Botanic Garden to Charge Admission|newspaper=Daily News|accessdate=April 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410214207/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/fee-grows-brooklyn-botanic-garden-charge-admission-article-1.722031|archive-date=April 10, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> A voluntary donation to enter had, for the past twenty years, failed to return adequate revenue. Community groups protested by presenting a "Poison Ivy Award" for having "given little consideration to the impact this fee would have on ... the immediate neighborhood, which is primarily [[working class]]."<ref name="linewaiters">{{cite news
|first=Laura
|last=Williams
|date=1996-04-25
|title=Botanic Garden Admission Fee Denies Access to Many
|newspaper=Linewaiter's Gazette
|publisher=Park Slope Food Coop
}}</ref>
In October 2019, the BBG hosted an exhibition called "Fight for Sunlight" to bring more attention to a proposed development adjacent to the Garden at 960 Franklin Avenue,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit|title=Fight for Sunlight Exhibit|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2019-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105113151/https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit|archive-date=November 5, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> saying that contrary to the developers' statements, its conservatories "would face catastrophic events".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amny.com/news/brooklyn-botanic-garden-shadows-1.34466573|title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden’s ‘Fight for Sunlight’ protests Crown Heights building proposal|last=Brown|first=Nicole|date=July 31, 2019|work=AM New York|access-date=October 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026165833/https://www.amny.com/news/brooklyn-botanic-garden-shadows-1.34466573/|archive-date=October 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Specialty gardens and collections==
{{Refimprove-section|date=December 2019}}
[[File:Bbg cherry esplande.jpg|thumb|upright|right|250px|Cherry Esplanade]]
===Cherry trees===
Brooklyn Botanic Garden has more than 200 [[cherry]] trees of forty-two Asian species and cultivated varieties, making it one of the foremost cherry-blossom-viewing sites outside Japan. The first cherry trees, a gift from the Japanese government, were planted at the garden after [[World War I]]. Each spring, a month-long cherry blossom viewing festival called ''[[Hanami]]'' is held at the Cherry Esplanade, culminating in a weekend celebration called ''[[Sakura Matsuri]]''. The esplanade features two rows of cherry trees with trails and seating areas on the side. Visitors may also sit on the grass between the rows of trees. BBG also has the Cherry Walk in the Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden and there are also cherry trees in many other locations in the Garden. Depending on weather conditions, the Asian flowering cherries bloom from late March or early April to mid-May. The many species flower at slightly different times and the sequence is tracked on Cherry Watch on the BBG website.<ref name="CherryWatch">{{cite web |title=Cherry Blossoms at BBG – CherryWatch |publisher=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |url=http://www.bbg.org/collections/cherries |access-date=March 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324145416/http://www.bbg.org/collections/cherries |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden===
[[File: Bridge to Eden.jpg|thumb|Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden]]
BBG's Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens/japanese_garden|title=Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> was one of the first [[Japanese garden|Japanese gardens]] to be created in an American botanic garden, and reportedly the first one to be accessible free of charge.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0jRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT117|title=Quiet Beauty: The Japanese Gardens of North America|last=Brown|first=K.H.|last2=Cobb|first2=D.M.|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4629-1186-8|series=NONE|pages=117-118|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref> It was constructed between 1914 and 1915 at a cost of $13,000, a gift of early BBG benefactor and trustee [[Alfred Tredway White]],<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> and it first opened to the public in June 1915.<ref name=":2" /> The garden was created by Japanese landscape designer [[Takeo Shiota]] (1881–1943).<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" />
The garden is a blend of the ancient hill-and-pond style and the more modern stroll-garden styles in which landscape features are gradually revealed along winding paths. Its {{convert|3|acre|ha}} contain three hills signifying earth, heaven, and humanity; a waterfall; a pond resembling the Japanese character for "heart"; and an island, all of which were artificially constructed. There are also carefully placed rocks.<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /><ref>{{cite news|url=|title=Japanese Garden at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden|date=July 26, 1930|work=Brooklyn Life|access-date=|pages=[https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42222209/ 5], [https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42222130/ 12]|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> Among the architectural elements of the garden are wooden bridges, [[stone lantern]]s, a viewing pavilion, a ''[[torii]]'' (gateway), and a [[Shinto]] shrine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42219429/|title=Replica of Japanese Garden a Feature of Brooklyn Botanical Display|date=July 10, 1915|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 13, 2020|page=13|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> The pond is filled with hundreds of Japanese [[koi fish]] that visitors can view at the torii or along the garden's trail. There is also a Japanese temple dedicated to [[Inari (god)|Inari]], the fox [[kami]].<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> The brook from this garden leads through several other parts of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, terminating at the Water Garden.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens|title=Gardens & Conservatories|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
The shrine was destroyed by a fire in 1939 and rebuilt in 1950. The viewing pavilion, burned down in 1948, was rebuilt in 1963.<ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> The Japanese Garden was renamed the Oriental Garden during World War II<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42223591/|title=Jaunt Along the Waterfront|date=May 9, 1951|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=January 13, 2020|page=21|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> and restored in 1950.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42223516/|title=Crown Queen Tomorrow in Botanic Garden|date=April 30, 1950|work=New York Daily News|access-date=January 13, 2020|page=613|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> The Japanese Garden was restored again in 2000 for $3 million;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/18/travel/travel-advisory-japanese-garden-restored.html|title=TRAVEL ADVISORY; Japanese Garden Restored|last=Raver|first=Anne|date=2000-06-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-13|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Brown Cobb 2013 p. 117" /> the project was recognized with the [[New York Landmark Conservancy]]'s 2001 Preservation Award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/awards.page|title=Awards - Department of Design and Construction|website=www1.nyc.gov|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
===Cranford Rose Garden===
[[File:Bbg Rosegarden.jpg|thumb|left|Cranford Rose Garden]]
In 1927, Walter V. Cranford, a [[construction engineer]] whose firm built many of Brooklyn's subway tunnels, donated $15,000 to BBG for a rose garden. An excavation revealed a cobblestone road {{Convert|2|feet|meter|spell=in|abbr=on}} below the surface and tons of glacial rock, which had to be carted away on horse-drawn barges. The Cranford Rose Garden was designed by landscape architect [[Harold Caparn]] and [[Montague Free]], the BBG's horticulturist. Many of the original plants were still in the garden in 2019. The rose garden has over 5,000 bushes of nearly 1,400 [[Garden roses|kinds of roses]], including wild species, old garden roses, hybrid tea roses, grandifloras, and polyanthas. The garden also includes a stone statue.
===Native Flora Garden===
[[File:Tupelo Path.jpg|thumb|right|Native Flora Garden]]
[[File:Fall In the Native Flora Garden.jpg|thumb|right|Native Flora Garden Expansion]]
The Native Flora Garden was the first section of the garden to be established and opened in 1911.<ref name="nycparks"/> It was the first of its kind in North America. It was originally a wildflower planting but was redesigned in 1931 as a woodland habitat with plants native to the New York metropolitan area.<ref name="bbgnfg">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/discover/gardens/native_flora_garden#/tabs-2 |title=Native Flora Garden History |website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |accessdate=December 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228114344/http://www.bbg.org/discover/gardens/native_flora_garden#/tabs-2 |archive-date=December 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Native Flora Garden was closed from 1963 to 1983 due to a lack of funding.
In 2013, the Native Flora Garden was expanded with a new landscape that was designed by [[Darrel Morrison]]. The expansion provides new habitats for local plants that would be shaded out by the mature canopy in the original {{Convert|2|acre|ha|adj=on|abbr=out|spell=in}} garden. The expansion has a [[tallgrass prairie]], [[dry meadow]], [[pine barrens]], [[Kettle (landform)|kettle pond]], and a wooden bridge.<ref name="bbgnfgnews">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/news/native_flora_garden_expansion |title=Native Flora Garden Expansion |website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |accessdate=December 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318232340/http://www.bbg.org/news/native_flora_garden_expansion |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===[[Shakespeare Garden]]===
A donation from [[Henry Clay Folger]], founder of the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], led to the construction of BBG's original Shakespeare Garden in 1925; since then it has been moved to another location in the Garden. This English [[cottage garden]] has more than 80 plants that are mentioned in [[William Shakespeare]]'s plays and poems. Plants are labeled with their labels common, Latin and Shakespearean names, relevant quotations, and in some cases a graphic representation of the plant.
===Alice Recknagel Ireys Fragrance Garden===
Next to the Shakespeare Garden is the Fragrance Garden, which has [[braille]] information signs for visitors with [[vision impaired|impaired vision]]. It was created in 1955 by landscape architect [[Alice Recknagel Ireys]] and was the first garden in the country to be designed for the vision-impaired. Visitors are encouraged to rub the fragrant or pleasingly textured leaves of the plants between their fingers. There are four themed sections in the garden; plants to touch, plants with scented leaves, plants with fragrant flowers, and kitchen herbs. The garden is wheelchair-accessible and all planting beds are at an appropriate height for people in wheelchairs. A fountain provides a calming sound and a place to wash one's hands after touching the plants.
===Children's Garden===
[[File:BBG Children's Garden.jpg|thumb|Children's Garden at Brooklyn Botanic Garden]]
The BBG Children's Garden is the world's oldest continually operating children's garden within a botanic garden.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} It was opened in 1914 under the direction of BBG educator Ellen Eddy Shaw and operates as a [[community garden]] for children. Hundreds of children register each year for plots on the {{convert|1|acre|ha|adj=on}} site. This Children's Garden is also open for GAP interns, who get an allocated plot in which they can grow vegetables and flowers to harvest later in the year. It also has a [[compost]] area that is maintained by the GAP interns and staff. The BBG Children's Garden has served as a model for similar gardens around the world.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
=== Water Garden ===
A signature feature in the south garden landscape, the Shelby White and Leon Levy Water Garden is a {{Convert|1.5|acre|ha|adj=on|abbr=out}} [[wetland]] and [[riparian]] environment with numerous sustainability features. It contains a pond that serves as the terminus of the brook that flows from the Japanese Garden. The Water Garden, which was designed by landscape architecture firm [[Michael Van Valkenburgh|Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates]], highlights the beauty of BBG's water elements with a restored and expanded pond-and-brook system and around 20,000 new plants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens//water_garden/|title=Water Garden - Brooklyn Botanic Garden|website=www.bbg.org|language=en|access-date=April 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406023159/https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens//water_garden/|archive-date=April 6, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Water Garden was completed in 2016;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens/water_garden|title=Water Garden|website=Brooklyn Botanic Garden|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archpaper.com/2016/10/brooklyn-botanic-garden-water-garden/|title=New Brooklyn Botanic Garden water garden inspired by NY wetlands|date=2016-10-24|website=Archpaper.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> prior to the garden's redesign, the pond was known as Terminal Pond.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hiddenwatersblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/29/bbg/|title=Water Garden, Brooklyn|date=December 29, 2017|website=Hidden Waters blog|access-date=January 13, 2020}}</ref>
===Other gardens===
[[File:Peach Glow water-lily at Brooklyn Botanic Garden.jpg|thumb|left|A ''[[Nymphaea]]'' 'Peach Glow' water-lily in one of the lily pools]]
Other specialty gardens at BBG include the Discovery Garden designed for young children; the Herb Garden; the Lily Pool Terrace that has two large display pools of lilies and koi fish and is surrounded by annual and perennial borders; the Osborne Garden, a {{convert|3|acre|ha|adj=on}}, [[Italian garden|Italian-style garden]] that features pergolas and a stone fountain, and the Rock Garden, built around 18 boulders left behind by glaciers during the [[Ice Age]]. A Celebrity Path honors famous [[Brooklynite]]s such as [[Barbra Streisand]], [[Woody Allen]], and [[Walt Whitman]] with a trail of engraved paving stones that lead to the Alfred T. White Amphitheater, which hosts concerts and performances.
The '''Plant Family Collection''', which comprises about a third of BBG's area, includes plants and trees arranged by [[Family (biology)|family]] to show their evolution. Although recent studies of [[plant genetics]] have changed the classification of individual plants, the groupings are a good introduction to the many plant families and their constituent species. The groupings include primitive plants (ferns and conifers) and composite plants.
[[Image:BBGIndoor.JPG|thumb|Steinhardt Conservatory desert collection]]
[[File:BBG - Carissa macrocarpa var. Horizontalis - Cascade by Frank Okamura.jpg|thumb|Bonsaï ''Carissa macrocarpa'' var. Horizontalis - BBG]]
The '''Steinhardt Conservatory''' houses BBG's extensive indoor plant collection in three climate-controlled pavilions for tropical, warm temperate, and desert flora. Also located here is the C.V. Starr Bonsai Museum, one of the oldest collections of the dwarf potted trees in the country; an art gallery; the Robert W. Wilson Aquatic House with its collections of tropical water plants, insect-eating plants, and [[orchid]]s; and the Stephen K-M. Tim Trail of Evolution, which traces the history of plant evolution and the effects of climate change over 3½ billion years.
BBG also has an Overlook above the Cherry Esplanade that allows visitors a holistic view of the Cherry Esplanade and Garden. The Overlook is also used for bird watching and observing other wildlife in the Garden.
==Programs==
{{Original research-section|date=December 2019}}
===Education programs===
[[File:Redwood bonsai.JPG|thumb|left|A [[bonsai]] [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]] in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Bonsai Museum]]
[[File:Greenery at Brooklyn Botanic Gardens IMG 0649.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Monocotyledon|Monocot Border]] in early July at Brooklyn Botanic Garden]]
BBG runs diverse programs in youth education, conservation, and community horticulture. The Garden's education department runs a full range of adult and children's classes and events, and also educates thousands of school and camp groups throughout the year.
The Brooklyn Botanic Garden is a founding partner of the [[Brooklyn Academy of Science and the Environment]] (BASE), a small public high school dedicated to science, environmental studies, and urban ecology that was launched in 2003. A Field Studies course is offered alongside Living Environment for incoming freshmen where students spend time at BBG developing scientific skills and doing outdoor scientific study. The school is operated by a partnership between BBG, Prospect Park Alliance, and the [[New York City Department of Education]]. Students are also connected with scientists and horticulturists who serve as mentors for advanced research studies students develop. BASE graduated its first class in 2007 and has attained its fourth [[Gates Millennium Scholar]] in 2013.
BBG's Garden Apprentice Program (GAP) provides internships for students in grades 8 through 12 in gardening, science education, and environmental issues. The program offers students training and volunteer placements with increasing levels of responsibility for up to four years. Many are hired for employment after completing the four-year program.
The Discovery Garden hosts weekly workshops for children. It has interactive exhibits and a small plot with a variety of vegetables. The Garden is currently being expanded.
[[Project Green Reach]] is a science-focused school outreach program that annually reaches nearly 2,500 students and teachers in schools in under-served neighborhoods.
===Plant science and conservation===
Between 1990 and 2010, scientists at Brooklyn Botanic Garden made a comprehensive study of the plants of metropolitan New York City. The study was called the New York Metropolitan Flora project (NYMF); its purpose is to catalog and describe all [[vascular plant]]s growing in the region.
The BBG Herbarium collection holds over 300,000 specimens of preserved plants, particularly those from the New York metropolitan area. These specimens, some from as early as 1818, aid scientists in tracking species, analyzing the spread of [[invasive plant]]s, and modeling changes in the metro region's vegetation. There are also holdings from the western United States, the [[Galapagos Islands]], Bolivia, and Mauritius.
The BBG Library, which is housed in the McKim, Mead & White Administration Building, holds a collection of books on horticulture and botany that is available to home gardeners, professionals, and staff. This building houses a Rare Book Room that holds valuable and historic botanical literature and also features classrooms, auditorium, a rotunda, and offices.
===Community horticulture===
Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Community Greening program (formerly known as GreenBridge) offers residential and commercial gardening programs to [[Block (district subdivision)|block]] associations, [[community garden]]s, [[community center]]s, and other groups.
The annual Greenest Block in Brooklyn contest encourages neighborhood beautification by offering classes in planting window boxes, planters, and tree pits, and recognizing outstanding efforts.
The Urban Composting Project supported by the [[New York City Department of Sanitation]] offers composting assistance and resources to community gardens and institutions, and information on composting in residential backyards to individuals.
==Information==
===Garden publications===
The BBG has been publishing books since 1945, when it launched its popular series of gardening handbooks. Today, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden's ''Guides to a Greener Planet'' contain information on garden design, sustainability, and native plants.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sterlingpublishing.com/imprints/ |title=Imprints - Sterling Publishing |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830235239/https://www.sterlingpublishing.com/imprints/ |archive-date=August 30, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> BBG's website features events, classes, and information on its gardens and collections. It also publishes a Garden News Blog and practical gardening advice. New features are added every week.<ref name=CherryWatch/> BBG's collection of historic photographs and [[lantern slide]]s is also available online.
===Visitor information and gardening resources===
[[File:Brooklyn Botanic Garden 2.JPG|thumb|Osborne Garden]]
The BBG has two gift shops, a visitor center,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/arts/design/a-new-visitor-center-at-brooklyn-botanic-garden.html|title=At Garden’s Visitor Center, a Welcome Transparency|date=May 8, 2012|author=Philip Noble|accessdate=December 23, 2012|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809112732/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/arts/design/a-new-visitor-center-at-brooklyn-botanic-garden.html|archive-date=August 9, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Gardener's Resource Center that provides reference services to home gardeners, staff, and the professional horticultural community. Both centers are both located in the [[McKim, Mead and White]] Administration Building.
A new visitor center at the BBG designed by [[Weiss/Manfredi]] was opened on May 16, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/press/visitorcenter |title=BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN TO OPEN NEW VISITOR CENTER IN MAY 2012 - Brooklyn Botanic Garden |publisher=Brooklyn Botanic Garden |date=May 16, 2012 |accessdate=December 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615000024/http://www.bbg.org/press/visitorcenter |archive-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archdaily.com/235079/brooklyn-botanic-garden-visitor-center-opens-to-the-public |title=Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center Opens to the Public |publisher=ArchDaily |date=May 17, 2012 |accessdate=December 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119015610/http://www.archdaily.com/235079/brooklyn-botanic-garden-visitor-center-opens-to-the-public/ |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has a [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]] (LEED) Gold certification for its sustainable and environmental features: The center has a [[green roof]], geothermal wells, [[rainwater harvesting]] and recycled wooden panels in its event space.
{{As of|2017}}, membership of BBG starts at $65 for individuals; benefits of membership include events in the spring and summer months, including themed sunset picnic nights.
The Palm House, a [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]]-style conservatory, is used as a wedding and events venue catering for up to 300. [[Group tour]]s are also available. The adjacent Terrace Cafe offers meals and snacks. During the winter, the cafe is relocated indoors to the Steinhardt Conservatory.
The BBG has about 165 full-time and 90 part-time employees, and 600 volunteers. Its annual operating budget is $16.2 million.
==Signs and plaques==
{{Original research-section|date=December 2019}}
*The boundary line between the City of Brooklyn and the Township of Flatbush can be found in the park. The brass marker from 1934 describes the spot and reads "This brass line in the walk shows the boundary between the old City of Brooklyn and the Township of Flatbush."
*The Sandstone Boulder plaque reads, "Boulder of sandstone geological age, Triassic. Transported by continental glacier during the ice age from near [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]] NJ."
*The Diabase Boulder plaque reads, "Boulder of Diabase geological age, Triassic. Transported by continental glacier during the ice age from near Haverstraw, NY."
*At the entrance to the park is a sign: "This gate and booth are due to a bequest of [[Sidney Maddock]], 1937"
*In the Japanese garden there is a stone lantern plaque which reads "This Japanese lantern was presented to the city of New York by Mr. Bunj Sakuma a controller of Taito Ward Tokyo, in October 1980, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the New York-Tokyo [[sister city]] affiliation. In 1652, [[feudal lord]] Naito Bunzen-no Kami Nobuteru dedicated this 10 foot high, 3 ton, komatsu stone lantern to the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]."
*The Liberty Oaks Memorial is a line of oak trees and a [[List of 9/11 memorials|9/11 memorial]]. The boulder at the start of the line reads, "In Remembrance Of The Events Of September 11, 2001 And To Those Who Lost Their Lives That Day. The [[Norway Maple|Norway Maples]] That Grew As The First Generation Of Trees On This Site Were Planted In November 1918 To Commemorate The [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|WW1 Armistice]]."
== See also ==
* [[List of botanical gardens in the United States]]
* [[List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{commons|Brooklyn Botanic Garden|Brooklyn Botanic Garden}}
* [http://www.bbg.org/ Brooklyn Botanic Garden website]
* [http://www.bbg.org/cgi/hic/hic_search.cgi BBG Historic Image Collection] (many images are in [[public domain]])
* [https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/brooklyn-botanic-garden Brooklyn Botanic Garden at Google Cultural Institute]
* [https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit The BBG's Fight for Sunlight exhibition]
{{Protected areas of New York City}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Botanical gardens in New York City]]
[[Category:Japanese-American culture in New York City]]
[[Category:Japanese gardens in the United States]]
[[Category:Prospect Park (Brooklyn)]]
[[Category:Museums in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Art galleries in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in New York City]]' |
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<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><caption class="fn org">Brooklyn Botanic Garden</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Brooklyn_Botanic_(logo).png" class="new" title="File:Brooklyn Botanic (logo).png">200px</a><div>Current logo</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Brooklyn_botanic_garden_fragrance_garden_gate.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Brooklyn botanic garden fragrance garden gate.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Brooklyn_botanic_garden_fragrance_garden_gate.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_botanic_garden_fragrance_garden_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="367" /></a><div>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Date opened</th><td>Founded in 1910</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Location</th><td class="label">990 Washington Avenue, within <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> 11225<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden&params=40_40_12_N_73_57_45_W_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°40′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°57′45″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.67000°N 73.96250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.67000; -73.96250</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden&params=40_40_12_N_73_57_45_W_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°40′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°57′45″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.67000°N 73.96250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.67000; -73.96250</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Land area</th><td>52 acres (21 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of species</th><td>12,000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Annual visitors</th><td>725,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Public transit access</th><td><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>:</b><div><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="2 (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""2" train" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NYCS-bull-trans-2-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-2-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NYCS-bull-trans-2-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-2-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NYCS-bull-trans-2-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-2-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a>​<a href="/enwiki/wiki/3_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="3 (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""3" train" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/NYCS-bull-trans-3-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-3-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/NYCS-bull-trans-3-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-3-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/NYCS-bull-trans-3-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-3-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a>​<a href="/enwiki/wiki/4_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="4 (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""4" train" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NYCS-bull-trans-4-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-4-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NYCS-bull-trans-4-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-4-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NYCS-bull-trans-4-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-4-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a>​<a href="/enwiki/wiki/5_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="5 (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""5" train" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NYCS-bull-trans-5-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-5-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NYCS-bull-trans-5-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-5-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NYCS-bull-trans-5-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-5-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a>​<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_Avenue_Shuttle" title="Franklin Avenue Shuttle"><img alt="Franklin Avenue Shuttle" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_Avenue/Botanic_Garden_(New_York_City_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Avenue/Botanic Garden (New York City Subway)">Franklin Avenue/Botanic Garden</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/B_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="B (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""B" train" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-B-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a>​<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Q_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="Q (New York City Subway service)"><img alt=""Q" train" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/NYCS-bull-trans-Q-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-Q-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/NYCS-bull-trans-Q-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-Q-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/NYCS-bull-trans-Q-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-Q-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a>​<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_Avenue_Shuttle" title="Franklin Avenue Shuttle"><img alt="Franklin Avenue Shuttle" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg/30px-NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg/40px-NYCS-bull-trans-S-Std.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospect_Park_(BMT_lines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospect Park (BMT lines)">Prospect Park</a></li></ul></div><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Bus">New York City Bus</a>:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/B41_(New_York_City_bus)" title="B41 (New York City bus)">B41</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/B48_(New_York_City_bus)" title="B48 (New York City bus)">B48</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Website</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bbg.org/">http://www.bbg.org/</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</b> (<b>BBG</b>) is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It was founded in 1910 and is located in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Prospect_Park" title="Mount Prospect Park">Mount Prospect Park</a> in central Brooklyn, adjacent to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>. The 52-acre (21 ha) garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and has nearly a million visitors each year. It includes a number of specialty "gardens within the Garden", plant collections, the Steinhardt Conservatory that houses the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C._V._Starr" class="mw-redirect" title="C. V. Starr">C. V. Starr</a> Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron-and-glass <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquatic_plant" title="Aquatic plant">aquatic plant</a> house, and an art gallery.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Site"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Site</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Creation"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Creation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Later_history"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Later history</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Specialty_gardens_and_collections"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Specialty gardens and collections</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Cherry_trees"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Cherry trees</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Japanese_Hill-and-Pond_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Cranford_Rose_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cranford Rose Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Native_Flora_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Native Flora Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Shakespeare_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Shakespeare Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Alice_Recknagel_Ireys_Fragrance_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Alice Recknagel Ireys Fragrance Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Children's_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Children's Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Water_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Water Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Other_gardens"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Other gardens</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Programs"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Programs</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Education_programs"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Education programs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Plant_science_and_conservation"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Plant science and conservation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Community_horticulture"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Community horticulture</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Information"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Information</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Garden_publications"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Garden publications</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Visitor_information_and_gardening_resources"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Visitor information and gardening resources</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Signs_and_plaques"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Signs and plaques</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Site">Site</span></h3>
<p>The impetus to build <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a> stemmed from an April 18, 1859, act of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> that empowered a twelve-member commission to recommend sites for parks in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Brooklyn">City of Brooklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a></sup> In February 1860, a group of fifteen commissioners submitted suggestions for park locations in Brooklyn, including a 320-acre (1.3 km<sup>2</sup>) plot centered on present-day <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Prospect_Park" title="Mount Prospect Park">Mount Prospect Park</a> and bounded by Warren Street to the north; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanderbilt_Avenue" title="Vanderbilt Avenue">Vanderbilt</a>, Ninth, and Tenth Avenues to the west; Third and Ninth Streets to the south; and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Avenue_(Brooklyn,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Avenue (Brooklyn, New York)">Washington Avenue</a> to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancaster_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancaster-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egbert_Viele" class="mw-redirect" title="Egbert Viele">Egbert Viele</a> began drawing plans for the park, which was to straddle <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flatbush_Avenue" title="Flatbush Avenue">Flatbush Avenue</a> and include Prospect Hill and the land now occupied by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Library_(Brooklyn_Public_Library)" title="Central Library (Brooklyn Public Library)">Brooklyn Public Library</a>, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancaster_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancaster-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7">[7]</a></sup> The onset of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> stopped further activity.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7">[7]</a></sup> Early in 1865, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvert_Vaux" title="Calvert Vaux">Calvert Vaux</a> was hired to review Viele's plans.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancaster_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancaster-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PPAHistory_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PPAHistory-8">[8]</a></sup> Vaux took issue with Flatbush Avenue's division of the park.<sup id="cite_ref-PPGuide_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PPGuide-9">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<span>86–91</span></sup> Vaux's February 1865 proposal excluded parcels of land east of Flatbush Avenue, including Prospect Hill, that were already purchased.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancaster_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancaster-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> The northeast portion served as an <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ash_dump&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ash dump (page does not exist)">ash dump</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Creation">Creation</span></h3>
<p>In 1897, as the city moved <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">toward consolidation</a>, legislation reserved 39 acres (16 ha) for a botanic garden, which was founded in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-bbg_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbg-12">[12]</a></sup> Initially known as the Institute Park, the garden was run under the auspices of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Institute_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences">Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences</a>, which until the 1970s included <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Children%27s_Museum" title="Brooklyn Children's Museum">Brooklyn Children's Museum</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bm_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bm-13">[13]</a></sup> The garden opened as the Brooklyn Botanic Garden on May 13, 1911, with the Native Flora Garden as the first established section.<sup id="cite_ref-nycparks_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nycparks-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Harold_Caparn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Caparn (page does not exist)">Harold Caparn</a> was appointed as the landscape architect in 1912; over the next three decades he designed most of the remaining grounds, including the Osborne Garden, Cranford Rose Garden, Magnolia Plaza, and Plant Collection.<sup id="cite_ref-tclf_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tclf-16">[16]</a></sup> Construction of the Laboratory Building and Conservatory began that year and the building was dedicated in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-nycparks_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nycparks-14">[14]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_M._Kendall" title="William M. Kendall">William M. Kendall</a> designed the building, in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italianate_architecture#Italianate_style_in_the_United_States" title="Italianate architecture">Tuscan Revival</a> style for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/McKim,_Mead_%26_White" title="McKim, Mead & White">McKim, Mead & White</a>. Later renamed the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Laboratory_Administration_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratory Administration Building (page does not exist)">Laboratory Administration Building</a>, it was designated a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Landmark">New York City Landmark</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-nyclpc_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyclpc-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Later_history">Later history</span></h3>
<p>Under BBG president Judith Zuk, who assumed the role in 1990, several of its gardens were renovated, including the Children's, Japanese Hill-and-Pond, Fragrance, Osborne, and Cranford Gardens; the lily pool terrace; and the magnolia plaza,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a></sup> In 1996, the garden began charging admission of $3 per adult after cuts in public and private funding and increases in operating costs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-afeegrows_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afeegrows-19">[19]</a></sup> A voluntary donation to enter had, for the past twenty years, failed to return adequate revenue. Community groups protested by presenting a "Poison Ivy Award" for having "given little consideration to the impact this fee would have on ... the immediate neighborhood, which is primarily <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-linewaiters_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linewaiters-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2019, the BBG hosted an exhibition called "Fight for Sunlight" to bring more attention to a proposed development adjacent to the Garden at 960 Franklin Avenue,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> saying that contrary to the developers' statements, its conservatories "would face catastrophic events".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Specialty_gardens_and_collections">Specialty gardens and collections</span></h2>
<table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%22">"Brooklyn Botanic Garden"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%22+-wikipedia">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?&q=%22Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%22+site:news.google.com/newspapers&source=newspapers">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg/250px-Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="367" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bbg_cherry_esplande.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cherry Esplanade</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cherry_trees">Cherry trees</span></h3>
<p>Brooklyn Botanic Garden has more than 200 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</a> trees of forty-two Asian species and cultivated varieties, making it one of the foremost cherry-blossom-viewing sites outside Japan. The first cherry trees, a gift from the Japanese government, were planted at the garden after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Each spring, a month-long cherry blossom viewing festival called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanami" title="Hanami">Hanami</a></i> is held at the Cherry Esplanade, culminating in a weekend celebration called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakura_Matsuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakura Matsuri">Sakura Matsuri</a></i>. The esplanade features two rows of cherry trees with trails and seating areas on the side. Visitors may also sit on the grass between the rows of trees. BBG also has the Cherry Walk in the Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden and there are also cherry trees in many other locations in the Garden. Depending on weather conditions, the Asian flowering cherries bloom from late March or early April to mid-May. The many species flower at slightly different times and the sequence is tracked on Cherry Watch on the BBG website.<sup id="cite_ref-CherryWatch_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CherryWatch-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Japanese_Hill-and-Pond_Garden">Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bridge_to_Eden.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bridge_to_Eden.jpg/220px-Bridge_to_Eden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bridge_to_Eden.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden</div></div></div>
<p>BBG's Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> was one of the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Japanese gardens</a> to be created in an American botanic garden, and reportedly the first one to be accessible free of charge.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25">[25]</a></sup> It was constructed between 1914 and 1915 at a cost of $13,000, a gift of early BBG benefactor and trustee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alfred_Tredway_White" title="Alfred Tredway White">Alfred Tredway White</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25">[25]</a></sup> and it first opened to the public in June 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a></sup> The garden was created by Japanese landscape designer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Takeo_Shiota" title="Takeo Shiota">Takeo Shiota</a> (1881–1943).<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>The garden is a blend of the ancient hill-and-pond style and the more modern stroll-garden styles in which landscape features are gradually revealed along winding paths. Its 3 acres (1.2 ha) contain three hills signifying earth, heaven, and humanity; a waterfall; a pond resembling the Japanese character for "heart"; and an island, all of which were artificially constructed. There are also carefully placed rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> Among the architectural elements of the garden are wooden bridges, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stone_lantern" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone lantern">stone lanterns</a>, a viewing pavilion, a <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a></i> (gateway), and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> The pond is filled with hundreds of Japanese <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koi_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Koi fish">koi fish</a> that visitors can view at the torii or along the garden's trail. There is also a Japanese temple dedicated to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inari_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inari (god)">Inari</a>, the fox <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25">[25]</a></sup> The brook from this garden leads through several other parts of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, terminating at the Water Garden.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>The shrine was destroyed by a fire in 1939 and rebuilt in 1950. The viewing pavilion, burned down in 1948, was rebuilt in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25">[25]</a></sup> The Japanese Garden was renamed the Oriental Garden during World War II<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> and restored in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> The Japanese Garden was restored again in 2000 for $3 million;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25">[25]</a></sup> the project was recognized with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Landmark_Conservancy" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Landmark Conservancy">New York Landmark Conservancy</a>'s 2001 Preservation Award.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cranford_Rose_Garden">Cranford Rose Garden</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bbg_Rosegarden.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/Bbg_Rosegarden.jpg/220px-Bbg_Rosegarden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="271" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bbg_Rosegarden.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cranford Rose Garden</div></div></div>
<p>In 1927, Walter V. Cranford, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Construction_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Construction engineer">construction engineer</a> whose firm built many of Brooklyn's subway tunnels, donated $15,000 to BBG for a rose garden. An excavation revealed a cobblestone road two ft (0.61 m) below the surface and tons of glacial rock, which had to be carted away on horse-drawn barges. The Cranford Rose Garden was designed by landscape architect <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Harold_Caparn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Caparn (page does not exist)">Harold Caparn</a> and <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montague_Free&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montague Free (page does not exist)">Montague Free</a>, the BBG's horticulturist. Many of the original plants were still in the garden in 2019. The rose garden has over 5,000 bushes of nearly 1,400 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garden_roses" title="Garden roses">kinds of roses</a>, including wild species, old garden roses, hybrid tea roses, grandifloras, and polyanthas. The garden also includes a stone statue.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Native_Flora_Garden">Native Flora Garden</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tupelo_Path.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tupelo_Path.jpg/220px-Tupelo_Path.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="4052" data-file-height="2836" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tupelo_Path.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Native Flora Garden</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Fall_In_the_Native_Flora_Garden.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Fall_In_the_Native_Flora_Garden.jpg/220px-Fall_In_the_Native_Flora_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="4124" data-file-height="2772" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Fall_In_the_Native_Flora_Garden.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Native Flora Garden Expansion</div></div></div>
<p>The Native Flora Garden was the first section of the garden to be established and opened in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-nycparks_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nycparks-14">[14]</a></sup> It was the first of its kind in North America. It was originally a wildflower planting but was redesigned in 1931 as a woodland habitat with plants native to the New York metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-bbgnfg_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbgnfg-33">[33]</a></sup> The Native Flora Garden was closed from 1963 to 1983 due to a lack of funding.
</p><p>In 2013, the Native Flora Garden was expanded with a new landscape that was designed by <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Darrel_Morrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darrel Morrison (page does not exist)">Darrel Morrison</a>. The expansion provides new habitats for local plants that would be shaded out by the mature canopy in the original two-acre (0.81 ha) garden. The expansion has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tallgrass_prairie" title="Tallgrass prairie">tallgrass prairie</a>, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dry_meadow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dry meadow (page does not exist)">dry meadow</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pine_barrens" title="Pine barrens">pine barrens</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kettle_(landform)" title="Kettle (landform)">kettle pond</a>, and a wooden bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-bbgnfgnews_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbgnfgnews-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Shakespeare_Garden"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shakespeare_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare Garden">Shakespeare Garden</a></span></h3>
<p>A donation from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Clay_Folger" title="Henry Clay Folger">Henry Clay Folger</a>, founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, led to the construction of BBG's original Shakespeare Garden in 1925; since then it has been moved to another location in the Garden. This English <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cottage_garden" title="Cottage garden">cottage garden</a> has more than 80 plants that are mentioned in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s plays and poems. Plants are labeled with their labels common, Latin and Shakespearean names, relevant quotations, and in some cases a graphic representation of the plant.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Alice_Recknagel_Ireys_Fragrance_Garden">Alice Recknagel Ireys Fragrance Garden</span></h3>
<p>Next to the Shakespeare Garden is the Fragrance Garden, which has <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> information signs for visitors with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vision_impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Vision impaired">impaired vision</a>. It was created in 1955 by landscape architect <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alice_Recknagel_Ireys" title="Alice Recknagel Ireys">Alice Recknagel Ireys</a> and was the first garden in the country to be designed for the vision-impaired. Visitors are encouraged to rub the fragrant or pleasingly textured leaves of the plants between their fingers. There are four themed sections in the garden; plants to touch, plants with scented leaves, plants with fragrant flowers, and kitchen herbs. The garden is wheelchair-accessible and all planting beds are at an appropriate height for people in wheelchairs. A fountain provides a calming sound and a place to wash one's hands after touching the plants.
</p>
<h3><span id="Children.27s_Garden"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Children's_Garden">Children's Garden</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BBG_Children%27s_Garden.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BBG_Children%27s_Garden.jpg/220px-BBG_Children%27s_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1296" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BBG_Children%27s_Garden.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Children's Garden at Brooklyn Botanic Garden</div></div></div>
<p>The BBG Children's Garden is the world's oldest continually operating children's garden within a botanic garden.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was opened in 1914 under the direction of BBG educator Ellen Eddy Shaw and operates as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Community_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Community garden">community garden</a> for children. Hundreds of children register each year for plots on the 1-acre (0.40 ha) site. This Children's Garden is also open for GAP interns, who get an allocated plot in which they can grow vegetables and flowers to harvest later in the year. It also has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">compost</a> area that is maintained by the GAP interns and staff. The BBG Children's Garden has served as a model for similar gardens around the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Water_Garden">Water Garden</span></h3>
<p>A signature feature in the south garden landscape, the Shelby White and Leon Levy Water Garden is a 1.5-acre (0.61 ha) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riparian" class="mw-redirect" title="Riparian">riparian</a> environment with numerous sustainability features. It contains a pond that serves as the terminus of the brook that flows from the Japanese Garden. The Water Garden, which was designed by landscape architecture firm <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Van_Valkenburgh" title="Michael Van Valkenburgh">Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates</a>, highlights the beauty of BBG's water elements with a restored and expanded pond-and-brook system and around 20,000 new plants.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> The Water Garden was completed in 2016;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> prior to the garden's redesign, the pond was known as Terminal Pond.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_gardens">Other gardens</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Peach_Glow_water-lily_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Peach_Glow_water-lily_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden.jpg/220px-Peach_Glow_water-lily_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="2418" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Peach_Glow_water-lily_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nymphaea" title="Nymphaea">Nymphaea</a></i> 'Peach Glow' water-lily in one of the lily pools</div></div></div>
<p>Other specialty gardens at BBG include the Discovery Garden designed for young children; the Herb Garden; the Lily Pool Terrace that has two large display pools of lilies and koi fish and is surrounded by annual and perennial borders; the Osborne Garden, a 3-acre (1.2 ha), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italian_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian garden">Italian-style garden</a> that features pergolas and a stone fountain, and the Rock Garden, built around 18 boulders left behind by glaciers during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Age">Ice Age</a>. A Celebrity Path honors famous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklynite" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklynite">Brooklynites</a> such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a> with a trail of engraved paving stones that lead to the Alfred T. White Amphitheater, which hosts concerts and performances.
</p><p>The <b>Plant Family Collection</b>, which comprises about a third of BBG's area, includes plants and trees arranged by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> to show their evolution. Although recent studies of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plant_genetics" title="Plant genetics">plant genetics</a> have changed the classification of individual plants, the groupings are a good introduction to the many plant families and their constituent species. The groupings include primitive plants (ferns and conifers) and composite plants.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BBGIndoor.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/BBGIndoor.JPG/220px-BBGIndoor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BBGIndoor.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Steinhardt Conservatory desert collection</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BBG_-_Carissa_macrocarpa_var._Horizontalis_-_Cascade_by_Frank_Okamura.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/BBG_-_Carissa_macrocarpa_var._Horizontalis_-_Cascade_by_Frank_Okamura.jpg/220px-BBG_-_Carissa_macrocarpa_var._Horizontalis_-_Cascade_by_Frank_Okamura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="3502" data-file-height="4407" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BBG_-_Carissa_macrocarpa_var._Horizontalis_-_Cascade_by_Frank_Okamura.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Bonsaï <i>Carissa macrocarpa</i> var. Horizontalis - BBG</div></div></div>
<p>The <b>Steinhardt Conservatory</b> houses BBG's extensive indoor plant collection in three climate-controlled pavilions for tropical, warm temperate, and desert flora. Also located here is the C.V. Starr Bonsai Museum, one of the oldest collections of the dwarf potted trees in the country; an art gallery; the Robert W. Wilson Aquatic House with its collections of tropical water plants, insect-eating plants, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchid">orchids</a>; and the Stephen K-M. Tim Trail of Evolution, which traces the history of plant evolution and the effects of climate change over 3½ billion years.
</p><p>BBG also has an Overlook above the Cherry Esplanade that allows visitors a holistic view of the Cherry Esplanade and Garden. The Overlook is also used for bird watching and observing other wildlife in the Garden.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Programs">Programs</span></h2>
<table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education_programs">Education programs</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Redwood_bonsai.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Redwood_bonsai.JPG/220px-Redwood_bonsai.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Redwood_bonsai.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">bonsai</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">redwood</a> in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Bonsai Museum</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Greenery_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Gardens_IMG_0649.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Greenery_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Gardens_IMG_0649.JPG/220px-Greenery_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Gardens_IMG_0649.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Greenery_at_Brooklyn_Botanic_Gardens_IMG_0649.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocot Border</a> in early July at Brooklyn Botanic Garden</div></div></div>
<p>BBG runs diverse programs in youth education, conservation, and community horticulture. The Garden's education department runs a full range of adult and children's classes and events, and also educates thousands of school and camp groups throughout the year.
</p><p>The Brooklyn Botanic Garden is a founding partner of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Science_and_the_Environment" title="Brooklyn Academy of Science and the Environment">Brooklyn Academy of Science and the Environment</a> (BASE), a small public high school dedicated to science, environmental studies, and urban ecology that was launched in 2003. A Field Studies course is offered alongside Living Environment for incoming freshmen where students spend time at BBG developing scientific skills and doing outdoor scientific study. The school is operated by a partnership between BBG, Prospect Park Alliance, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>. Students are also connected with scientists and horticulturists who serve as mentors for advanced research studies students develop. BASE graduated its first class in 2007 and has attained its fourth <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gates_Millennium_Scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates Millennium Scholar">Gates Millennium Scholar</a> in 2013.
</p><p>BBG's Garden Apprentice Program (GAP) provides internships for students in grades 8 through 12 in gardening, science education, and environmental issues. The program offers students training and volunteer placements with increasing levels of responsibility for up to four years. Many are hired for employment after completing the four-year program.
</p><p>The Discovery Garden hosts weekly workshops for children. It has interactive exhibits and a small plot with a variety of vegetables. The Garden is currently being expanded.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Project_Green_Reach" title="Project Green Reach">Project Green Reach</a> is a science-focused school outreach program that annually reaches nearly 2,500 students and teachers in schools in under-served neighborhoods.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Plant_science_and_conservation">Plant science and conservation</span></h3>
<p>Between 1990 and 2010, scientists at Brooklyn Botanic Garden made a comprehensive study of the plants of metropolitan New York City. The study was called the New York Metropolitan Flora project (NYMF); its purpose is to catalog and describe all <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plants</a> growing in the region.
</p><p>The BBG Herbarium collection holds over 300,000 specimens of preserved plants, particularly those from the New York metropolitan area. These specimens, some from as early as 1818, aid scientists in tracking species, analyzing the spread of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Invasive_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasive plant">invasive plants</a>, and modeling changes in the metro region's vegetation. There are also holdings from the western United States, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galapagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagos Islands">Galapagos Islands</a>, Bolivia, and Mauritius.
</p><p>The BBG Library, which is housed in the McKim, Mead & White Administration Building, holds a collection of books on horticulture and botany that is available to home gardeners, professionals, and staff. This building houses a Rare Book Room that holds valuable and historic botanical literature and also features classrooms, auditorium, a rotunda, and offices.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Community_horticulture">Community horticulture</span></h3>
<p>Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Community Greening program (formerly known as GreenBridge) offers residential and commercial gardening programs to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Block_(district_subdivision)" title="Block (district subdivision)">block</a> associations, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Community_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Community garden">community gardens</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Community_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Community center">community centers</a>, and other groups.
</p><p>The annual Greenest Block in Brooklyn contest encourages neighborhood beautification by offering classes in planting window boxes, planters, and tree pits, and recognizing outstanding efforts.
</p><p>The Urban Composting Project supported by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Sanitation" title="New York City Department of Sanitation">New York City Department of Sanitation</a> offers composting assistance and resources to community gardens and institutions, and information on composting in residential backyards to individuals.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Information">Information</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Garden_publications">Garden publications</span></h3>
<p>The BBG has been publishing books since 1945, when it launched its popular series of gardening handbooks. Today, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden's <i>Guides to a Greener Planet</i> contain information on garden design, sustainability, and native plants.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> BBG's website features events, classes, and information on its gardens and collections. It also publishes a Garden News Blog and practical gardening advice. New features are added every week.<sup id="cite_ref-CherryWatch_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CherryWatch-23">[23]</a></sup> BBG's collection of historic photographs and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lantern_slide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantern slide">lantern slides</a> is also available online.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Visitor_information_and_gardening_resources">Visitor information and gardening resources</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden_2.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden_2.JPG/220px-Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden_2.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Osborne Garden</div></div></div>
<p>The BBG has two gift shops, a visitor center,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> and a Gardener's Resource Center that provides reference services to home gardeners, staff, and the professional horticultural community. Both centers are both located in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/McKim,_Mead_and_White" class="mw-redirect" title="McKim, Mead and White">McKim, Mead and White</a> Administration Building.
</p><p>A new visitor center at the BBG designed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weiss/Manfredi" title="Weiss/Manfredi">Weiss/Manfredi</a> was opened on May 16, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> It has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design</a> (LEED) Gold certification for its sustainable and environmental features: The center has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_roof" title="Green roof">green roof</a>, geothermal wells, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">rainwater harvesting</a> and recycled wooden panels in its event space.
</p><p>As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, membership of BBG starts at $65 for individuals; benefits of membership include events in the spring and summer months, including themed sunset picnic nights.
</p><p>The Palm House, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux Arts</a>-style conservatory, is used as a wedding and events venue catering for up to 300. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Group_tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Group tour">Group tours</a> are also available. The adjacent Terrace Cafe offers meals and snacks. During the winter, the cafe is relocated indoors to the Steinhardt Conservatory.
</p><p>The BBG has about 165 full-time and 90 part-time employees, and 600 volunteers. Its annual operating budget is $16.2 million.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Signs_and_plaques">Signs and plaques</span></h2>
<table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<ul><li>The boundary line between the City of Brooklyn and the Township of Flatbush can be found in the park. The brass marker from 1934 describes the spot and reads "This brass line in the walk shows the boundary between the old City of Brooklyn and the Township of Flatbush."</li>
<li>The Sandstone Boulder plaque reads, "Boulder of sandstone geological age, Triassic. Transported by continental glacier during the ice age from near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a> NJ."</li>
<li>The Diabase Boulder plaque reads, "Boulder of Diabase geological age, Triassic. Transported by continental glacier during the ice age from near Haverstraw, NY."</li>
<li>At the entrance to the park is a sign: "This gate and booth are due to a bequest of <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Maddock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Maddock (page does not exist)">Sidney Maddock</a>, 1937"</li>
<li>In the Japanese garden there is a stone lantern plaque which reads "This Japanese lantern was presented to the city of New York by Mr. Bunj Sakuma a controller of Taito Ward Tokyo, in October 1980, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the New York-Tokyo <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a> affiliation. In 1652, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feudal_lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal lord">feudal lord</a> Naito Bunzen-no Kami Nobuteru dedicated this 10 foot high, 3 ton, komatsu stone lantern to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>."</li>
<li>The Liberty Oaks Memorial is a line of oak trees and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_9/11_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 9/11 memorials">9/11 memorial</a>. The boulder at the start of the line reads, "In Remembrance Of The Events Of September 11, 2001 And To Those Who Lost Their Lives That Day. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norway_Maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway Maple">Norway Maples</a> That Grew As The First Generation Of Trees On This Site Were Planted In November 1918 To Commemorate The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">WW1 Armistice</a>."</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of botanical gardens in the United States">List of botanical gardens in the United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/research/plant_collection">"BBG's Plant Collection"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508105458/http://www.bbg.org/research/plant_collection">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBG%27s+Plant+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fresearch%2Fplant_collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/press/capital_campaign">"Brooklyn Botanic Garden Announces $7.5M Leon Levy Foundation Gift"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217044059/http://www.bbg.org/press/capital_campaign">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden+Announces+%247.5M+Leon+Levy+Foundation+Gift&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fpress%2Fcapital_campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1887" class="citation book">Anderson, J.A. (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BBYZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Laws Relating to the Public Parks, Parkways, and Other Property Under the Care and Control of the Brooklyn Park Commissioners</i></a>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laws+Relating+to+the+Public+Parks%2C+Parkways%2C+and+Other+Property+Under+the+Care+and+Control+of+the+Brooklyn+Park+Commissioners&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBYZAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/3137046/">"Public Parks and Promenades"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>. May 29, 1860. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span> – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Public+Parks+and+Promenades&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1860-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F3137046%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="open access" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lancaster-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lancaster_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lancaster_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lancaster_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lancaster_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLancaster1972" class="citation book">Lancaster, Clay (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echonyc.com/~parks/books/handbook.html"><i>Prospect Park Handbook</i></a> (2nd ed.). New York: Long Island University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913252-06-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913252-06-2"><bdi>978-0-913252-06-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001181824/https://www.echonyc.com/~parks/books/handbook.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prospect+Park+Handbook&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Long+Island+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-913252-06-2&rft.aulast=Lancaster&rft.aufirst=Clay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.echonyc.com%2F~parks%2Fbooks%2Fhandbook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/27409545/">"Prospect Park"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>. May 19, 1861. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span> – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Prospect+Park&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1861-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F27409545%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="open access" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBluestone1987" class="citation journal">Bluestone, Daniel M. (1987). "From Promenade to Park: The Gregarious Origins of Brooklyn's Park Movement". <i>American Quarterly</i>. JSTOR. <b>39</b> (4): 529–550. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2713123">10.2307/2713123</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0678">0003-0678</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.jstor.org/stable/2713123">2713123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Quarterly&rft.atitle=From+Promenade+to+Park%3A+The+Gregarious+Origins+of+Brooklyn%27s+Park+Movement&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=529-550&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0003-0678&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2713123&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2713123&rft.aulast=Bluestone&rft.aufirst=Daniel+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PPAHistory-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PPAHistory_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prospectpark.org/learn-more/park-history-slideshow/">"History and Nature: History of the Park"</a>. Prospect Park Alliance. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224055718/http://prospectpark.org/learn-more/park-history-slideshow/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+and+Nature%3A+History+of+the+Park&rft.pub=Prospect+Park+Alliance&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prospectpark.org%2Flearn-more%2Fpark-history-slideshow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PPGuide-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PPGuide_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBerensondeMause,_Neil2001" class="citation book">Berenson, Richard J.; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_deMause" title="Neil deMause">deMause, Neil</a> (2001). <i>The Complete Illustrated Guidebook to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i>. New York: Silver Lining Books. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-2213-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-2213-8"><bdi>978-0-7607-2213-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Illustrated+Guidebook+to+Prospect+Park+and+the+Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Silver+Lining+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-2213-8&rft.aulast=Berenson&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft.au=deMause%2C+Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:5-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1868/12/15/archives/prospect-park-progress-of-the-workdescriptive-particulars.html">"Prospect Park; Progress of the Work—Descriptive Particulars"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 15, 1868. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064330/https://www.nytimes.com/1868/12/15/archives/prospect-park-progress-of-the-workdescriptive-particulars.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Prospect+Park%3B+Progress+of+the+Work%E2%80%94Descriptive+Particulars.&rft.date=1868-12-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1868%2F12%2F15%2Farchives%2Fprospect-park-progress-of-the-workdescriptive-particulars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/annualreportsofb1873broo/annualreportsofb1873broo_djvu.txt"><i>Annual reports of the Brooklyn Park Commissioners, 1861–1873</i></a>. Brooklyn Park Commissioners. 1873. p. 127<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2019</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+reports+of+the+Brooklyn+Park+Commissioners%2C+1861%E2%80%931873&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Brooklyn+Park+Commissioners&rft.date=1873&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fannualreportsofb1873broo%2Fannualreportsofb1873broo_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bbg-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbg_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/about/history">"A Brief History of BBG"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508105827/http://www.bbg.org/about/history">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+BBG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bm-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bm_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/about/building.php">"About the Brooklyn Museum's Building"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420183309/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/about/building.php">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Museum&rft.atitle=About+the+Brooklyn+Museum%27s+Building&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Fabout%2Fbuilding.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nycparks-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nycparks_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nycparks_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nycparks_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklynbotanicgarden/history">"Brooklyn Botanic Garden History"</a>. <i>NYC Parks</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103055821/http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklynbotanicgarden/history">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Parks&rft.atitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fparks%2Fbrooklynbotanicgarden%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbg.org/about/history">"A Brief History of BBG"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+BBG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tclf-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tclf_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tclf.org/pioneer/harold-caparn/biography-harold-caparn">"Biography of Harold Caparn"</a>. <i>The Cultural Landscape Foundation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031215452/http://tclf.org/pioneer/harold-caparn/biography-harold-caparn">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cultural+Landscape+Foundation&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Harold+Caparn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftclf.org%2Fpioneer%2Fharold-caparn%2Fbiography-harold-caparn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nyclpc-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyclpc_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2214.pdf">"Laboratory Administration Building, Brooklyn Botanic Garden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. March 13, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930014541/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2214.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laboratory+Administration+Building%2C+Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=2007-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F2214.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2007" class="citation news">Martin, Douglas (September 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/nyregion/06zuk.html">"Judith D. Zuk, 55, Who Ran the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Is Dead"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Judith+D.+Zuk%2C+55%2C+Who+Ran+the+Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%2C+Is+Dead&rft.date=2007-09-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F06%2Fnyregion%2F06zuk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-afeegrows-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-afeegrows_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Williams1996" class="citation news">Laura Williams (January 30, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/fee-grows-brooklyn-botanic-garden-charge-admission-article-1.722031">"A Fee Grows in Brooklyn: Botanic Garden to Charge Admission"</a>. <i>Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410214207/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/fee-grows-brooklyn-botanic-garden-charge-admission-article-1.722031">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=A+Fee+Grows+in+Brooklyn%3A+Botanic+Garden+to+Charge+Admission&rft.date=1996-01-30&rft.au=Laura+Williams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Farchives%2Fboroughs%2Ffee-grows-brooklyn-botanic-garden-charge-admission-article-1.722031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-linewaiters-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-linewaiters_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1996" class="citation news">Williams, Laura (April 25, 1996). "Botanic Garden Admission Fee Denies Access to Many". <i>Linewaiter's Gazette</i>. Park Slope Food Coop.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linewaiter%27s+Gazette&rft.atitle=Botanic+Garden+Admission+Fee+Denies+Access+to+Many&rft.date=1996-04-25&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit">"Fight for Sunlight Exhibit"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105113151/https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=Fight+for+Sunlight+Exhibit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fvisit%2Fevent%2Ffight_for_sunlight_exhibit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2019" class="citation news">Brown, Nicole (July 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amny.com/news/brooklyn-botanic-garden-shadows-1.34466573">"Brooklyn Botanic Garden's 'Fight for Sunlight' protests Crown Heights building proposal"</a>. <i>AM New York</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026165833/https://www.amny.com/news/brooklyn-botanic-garden-shadows-1.34466573/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AM+New+York&rft.atitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98Fight+for+Sunlight%E2%80%99+protests+Crown+Heights+building+proposal&rft.date=2019-07-31&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amny.com%2Fnews%2Fbrooklyn-botanic-garden-shadows-1.34466573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CherryWatch-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CherryWatch_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CherryWatch_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/collections/cherries">"Cherry Blossoms at BBG – CherryWatch"</a>. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324145416/http://www.bbg.org/collections/cherries">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cherry+Blossoms+at+BBG+%E2%80%93+CherryWatch&rft.pub=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fcollections%2Fcherries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens/japanese_garden">"Japanese Hill-and-Pond Garden"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=Japanese+Hill-and-Pond+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fcollections%2Fgardens%2Fjapanese_garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Cobb_2013_p._117_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrownCobb2013" class="citation book">Brown, K.H.; Cobb, D.M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N0jRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT117"><i>Quiet Beauty: The Japanese Gardens of North America</i></a>. NONE. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 117–118. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4629-1186-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4629-1186-8"><bdi>978-1-4629-1186-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quiet+Beauty%3A+The+Japanese+Gardens+of+North+America&rft.series=NONE&rft.pages=117-118&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4629-1186-8&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K.H.&rft.au=Cobb%2C+D.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN0jRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">"Japanese Garden at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden". <i>Brooklyn Life</i>. July 26, 1930. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42222209/">5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42222130/">12</a> – via newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="open access" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Life&rft.atitle=Japanese+Garden+at+the+Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.pages=5%2C+12&rft.date=1930-07-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42219429/">"Replica of Japanese Garden a Feature of Brooklyn Botanical Display"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>. July 10, 1915. p. 13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span> – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="open access" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Replica+of+Japanese+Garden+a+Feature+of+Brooklyn+Botanical+Display&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1915-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42219429%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens">"Gardens & Conservatories"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=Gardens+%26+Conservatories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fcollections%2Fgardens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/42223591/">"Jaunt Along the Waterfront"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>. May 9, 1951. p. 21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span> – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="open access" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Jaunt+Along+the+Waterfront&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1951-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42223591%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42223516/">"Crown Queen Tomorrow in Botanic Garden"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. April 30, 1950. p. 613<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span> – via newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="open access" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Crown+Queen+Tomorrow+in+Botanic+Garden&rft.pages=613&rft.date=1950-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F42223516%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRaver2000" class="citation news">Raver, Anne (June 18, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/18/travel/travel-advisory-japanese-garden-restored.html">"TRAVEL ADVISORY; Japanese Garden Restored"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TRAVEL+ADVISORY%3B+Japanese+Garden+Restored&rft.date=2000-06-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Raver&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F06%2F18%2Ftravel%2Ftravel-advisory-japanese-garden-restored.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/ddc/about/awards.page">"Awards - Department of Design and Construction"</a>. <i>www1.nyc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www1.nyc.gov&rft.atitle=Awards+-+Department+of+Design+and+Construction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fsite%2Fddc%2Fabout%2Fawards.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bbgnfg-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbgnfg_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/discover/gardens/native_flora_garden#/tabs-2">"Native Flora Garden History"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228114344/http://www.bbg.org/discover/gardens/native_flora_garden#/tabs-2">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=Native+Flora+Garden+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fdiscover%2Fgardens%2Fnative_flora_garden%23%2Ftabs-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bbgnfgnews-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbgnfgnews_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/news/native_flora_garden_expansion">"Native Flora Garden Expansion"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318232340/http://www.bbg.org/news/native_flora_garden_expansion">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=Native+Flora+Garden+Expansion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fnews%2Fnative_flora_garden_expansion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens//water_garden/">"Water Garden - Brooklyn Botanic Garden"</a>. <i>www.bbg.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406023159/https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens//water_garden/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbg.org&rft.atitle=Water+Garden+-+Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fcollections%2Fgardens%2F%2Fwater_garden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens/water_garden">"Water Garden"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Botanic Garden</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.atitle=Water+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fcollections%2Fgardens%2Fwater_garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archpaper.com/2016/10/brooklyn-botanic-garden-water-garden/">"New Brooklyn Botanic Garden water garden inspired by NY wetlands"</a>. <i>Archpaper.com</i>. October 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archpaper.com&rft.atitle=New+Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden+water+garden+inspired+by+NY+wetlands&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchpaper.com%2F2016%2F10%2Fbrooklyn-botanic-garden-water-garden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hiddenwatersblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/29/bbg/">"Water Garden, Brooklyn"</a>. <i>Hidden Waters blog</i>. December 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hidden+Waters+blog&rft.atitle=Water+Garden%2C+Brooklyn&rft.date=2017-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhiddenwatersblog.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F12%2F29%2Fbbg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sterlingpublishing.com/imprints/">"Imprints - Sterling Publishing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830235239/https://www.sterlingpublishing.com/imprints/">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imprints+-+Sterling+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sterlingpublishing.com%2Fimprints%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Noble2012" class="citation news">Philip Noble (May 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/arts/design/a-new-visitor-center-at-brooklyn-botanic-garden.html">"At Garden's Visitor Center, a Welcome Transparency"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120809112732/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/arts/design/a-new-visitor-center-at-brooklyn-botanic-garden.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+Garden%E2%80%99s+Visitor+Center%2C+a+Welcome+Transparency&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft.au=Philip+Noble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F09%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fa-new-visitor-center-at-brooklyn-botanic-garden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/press/visitorcenter">"BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN TO OPEN NEW VISITOR CENTER IN MAY 2012 - Brooklyn Botanic Garden"</a>. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. May 16, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615000024/http://www.bbg.org/press/visitorcenter">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BROOKLYN+BOTANIC+GARDEN+TO+OPEN+NEW+VISITOR+CENTER+IN+MAY+2012+-+Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.pub=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.date=2012-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbg.org%2Fpress%2Fvisitorcenter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archdaily.com/235079/brooklyn-botanic-garden-visitor-center-opens-to-the-public">"Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center Opens to the Public"</a>. ArchDaily. May 17, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130119015610/http://www.archdaily.com/235079/brooklyn-botanic-garden-visitor-center-opens-to-the-public/">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden+Visitor+Center+Opens+to+the+Public&rft.pub=ArchDaily&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archdaily.com%2F235079%2Fbrooklyn-botanic-garden-visitor-center-opens-to-the-public&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrooklyn+Botanic+Garden" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden" class="extiw" title="commons:Brooklyn Botanic Garden">Brooklyn Botanic Garden</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/">Brooklyn Botanic Garden website</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbg.org/cgi/hic/hic_search.cgi">BBG Historic Image Collection</a> (many images are in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/brooklyn-botanic-garden">Brooklyn Botanic Garden at Google Cultural Institute</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbg.org/visit/event/fight_for_sunlight_exhibit">The BBG's Fight for Sunlight exhibition</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;;background:#88C65A;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" title="Template:Protected areas of New York City"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#88C65A;;background:#88C65A;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" title="Template talk:Protected areas of New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#88C65A;;background:#88C65A;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Protected_areas_of_New_York_City&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#88C65A;;background:#88C65A;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div id="Federal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Sites (United States)">National Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_East_Side_Tenement_Museum" title="Lower East Side Tenement Museum">Lower East Side Tenement Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Birthplace_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site">Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments<br />and memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Grant_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="General Grant National Memorial">General Grant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governors_Island_National_Monument" title="Governors Island National Monument">Governors Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_National_Memorial" title="Hamilton Grange National Memorial">Hamilton Grange</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">Other Protected Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Floyd_Bennett_Field" title="Floyd Bennett Field">Floyd Bennett Field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Wadsworth" title="Fort Wadsworth">Fort Wadsworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Kills_Park" title="Great Kills Park">Great Kills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Bay_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge">Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacob_Riis_Park" title="Jacob Riis Park">Jacob Riis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miller_Field_(Staten_Island)" title="Miller Field (Staten Island)">Miller Field</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div id="State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="State_Parks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">State Parks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bayswater_Point_State_Park" title="Bayswater Point State Park">Bayswater Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clay_Pit_Ponds_State_Park_Preserve" title="Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve">Clay Pit Ponds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_River_State_Park" title="East River State Park">East River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Four_Freedoms_Park" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park">Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gantry_Plaza_State_Park" title="Gantry Plaza State Park">Gantry Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riverbank_State_Park" title="Riverbank State Park">Riverbank</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberto_Clemente_State_Park" title="Roberto Clemente State Park">Roberto Clemente</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm_State_Park" title="Shirley Chisholm State Park">Shirley Chisholm</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div id="City_parks_and_preserves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks" title="List of New York City parks">City parks and preserves</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/79th_Street_Boat_Basin" title="79th Street Boat Basin">79th Street Boat Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abingdon_Square_Park" title="Abingdon Square Park">Abingdon Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_Capsouto_Park" title="Albert Capsouto Park">Albert Capsouto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asphalt_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Asphalt Green">Asphalt Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">Battery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hudson_Park_and_Boulevard" title="Hudson Park and Boulevard">Bella Abzug (Hudson)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennett_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Bennett Park (New York City)">Bennett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_September_11th_Garden" title="Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden">British Garden at Hanover Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bowling_Green_(New_York_City)" title="Bowling Green (New York City)">Bowling Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bryant_Park" title="Bryant Park">Bryant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Captain_Patrick_J._Brown_Walk" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Patrick J. Brown Walk">Captain Patrick J. Brown Walk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carl_Schurz_Park" title="Carl Schurz Park">Carl Schurz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diana_Ross_Playground" title="Diana Ross Playground">Diana Ross Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Lawn_and_Turtle_Pond" title="Great Lawn and Turtle Pond">Great Lawn Rec Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heckscher_Playground" title="Heckscher Playground">Heckscher Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Woods_and_North_Meadow" title="North Woods and North Meadow">North Meadow Rec Center</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chelsea_Park" title="Chelsea Park">Chelsea</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_Hall_Park" title="City Hall Park">City Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coleman_Playground" title="Coleman Playground">Coleman Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collect_Pond" title="Collect Pond">Collect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbus_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Columbus Park (Manhattan)">Columbus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corlears_Hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Corlears Hook">Corlears Hook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dag_Hammarskjold_Plaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dag Hammarskjold Plaza (page does not exist)">Dag Hammarskjold Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damrosch_Park" title="Damrosch Park">Damrosch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dante_Park" title="Dante Park">Dante</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DeSalvio_Playground" title="DeSalvio Playground">DeSalvio Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_Park" title="DeWitt Clinton Park">DeWitt Clinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drumgoole_Plaza" title="Drumgoole Plaza">Drumgoole Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duane_Park" title="Duane Park">Duane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_River_Greenway" title="East River Greenway">East River Greenway</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_River_Esplanade" class="mw-redirect" title="East River Esplanade">East River Esplanade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_River_Park" title="East River Park">East River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pier_42_(East_River)" title="Pier 42 (East River)">Pier 42</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stuyvesant_Cove_Park" title="Stuyvesant Cove Park">Stuyvesant Cove</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_H._Berger_Plaza" title="Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza">Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Father_Demo_Square" title="Father Demo Square">Father Demo Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Finn_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finn Square (page does not exist)">Finn Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Tryon_Park" title="Fort Tryon Park">Fort Tryon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Washington_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Fort Washington Park (Manhattan)">Fort Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gorman_Park" title="Gorman Park">Gorman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenacre_Park" title="Greenacre Park">Greenacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Fish Park">Hamilton Fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hanover_Square_(Manhattan)" title="Hanover Square (Manhattan)">Hanover Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Harlem_River_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlem River Park (page does not exist)">Harlem River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen_Park" title="Hell's Kitchen Park">Hell's Kitchen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Line" title="High Line">High Line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Highbridge_Park" title="Highbridge Park">Highbridge</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_George_Amusement_Park" title="Fort George Amusement Park">Fort George Seating Area</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Holcombe_Rucker_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holcombe Rucker Park (page does not exist)">Holcombe Rucker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hudson_River_Park" title="Hudson River Park">Hudson River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ilka_Tanya_Pay%C3%A1n_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilka Tanya Payán Park">Ilka Tanya Payán</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imagination_Playground" title="Imagination Playground">Imagination Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park" title="Inwood Hill Park">Inwood Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isham_Park" title="Isham Park">Isham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jay_Hood_Wright_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Hood Wright Park">J. Hood Wright</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_Park" title="Jackie Robinson Park">Jackie Robinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackson_Square_Park" title="Jackson Square Park">Jackson Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Jay_Park" title="John Jay Park">John Jay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberty_Park" title="Liberty Park">Liberty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Cuvillier_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Cuvillier Park">Louis Cuvillier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madison_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison Square">Madison Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manhattan_Waterfront_Greenway" title="Manhattan Waterfront Greenway">Manhattan Waterfront Greenway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Garvey_Park" title="Marcus Garvey Park">Marcus Garvey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McKenna_Square" title="McKenna Square">McKenna Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millennium_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Millennium Park (Manhattan)">Millennium</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mill_Rock" title="Mill Rock">Mill Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitchell_Square_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitchell Square Park">Mitchell Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morningside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Morningside Park (Manhattan)">Morningside</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Murphy%27s_Brother%27s_Playground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murphy's Brother's Playground (page does not exist)">Murphy's Brother's Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muscota_Marsh" title="Muscota Marsh">Muscota Marsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_Road_Park" title="Open Road Park">Open Road</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paley_Park" title="Paley Park">Paley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peretz_Square" title="Peretz Square">Peretz Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Peter_Cooper_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Cooper Park (page does not exist)">Peter Cooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plaza_Lafayette" title="Plaza Lafayette">Plaza Lafayette</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_September_11th_Garden" title="Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden">Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Randalls Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Richard_Tucker_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Tucker Square (page does not exist)">Richard Tucker Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Park (Manhattan)">Riverside</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Moses_Playground" title="Robert Moses Playground">Robert Moses Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Roosevelt_Triangle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roosevelt Triangle (page does not exist)">Roosevelt Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rucker_Park" title="Rucker Park">Rucker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakura_Park" title="Sakura Park">Sakura</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._Bennerson_2nd_Playground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel N. Bennerson 2nd Playground (page does not exist)">Samuel N. Bennerson 2nd Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sara_Delano_Roosevelt_Park" title="Sara Delano Roosevelt Park">Sara Delano Roosevelt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Septuagesimo_Uno" title="Septuagesimo Uno">Septuagesimo Uno</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seward_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Seward Park (Manhattan)">Seward</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheridan_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheridan Square">Sheridan Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sherman_Square" title="Sherman Square">Sherman Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_Street_Park" title="Spring Street Park">Spring Street</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._John%27s_Park" title="St. John's Park">St. John's</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Nicholas_Park" title="St. Nicholas Park">St. Nicholas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=St._Vartan_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Vartan Park (page does not exist)">St. Vartan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Straus_Park" title="Straus Park">Straus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stuyvesant_Square" title="Stuyvesant Square">Stuyvesant Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Swindler_Cove_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swindler Cove Park (page does not exist)">Swindler Cove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_Park" title="Teardrop Park">Teardrop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Park,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt Park, Manhattan">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jefferson Park (page does not exist)">Thomas Jefferson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Paine_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Paine Park">Thomas Paine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tompkins_Square_Park" title="Tompkins Square Park">Tompkins Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tribeca_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribeca Park (page does not exist)">Tribeca</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vesuvio_Playground" title="Vesuvio Playground">Vesuvio Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Wards Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Market_Park" title="Washington Market Park">Washington Market</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Side_Community_Garden" title="West Side Community Garden">West Side Community Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_A._Harris_Garden" title="William A. Harris Garden">William A. Harris Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winston Churchill Park (page does not exist)">Winston Churchill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barretto_Point_Park" title="Barretto Point Park">Baretto Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bicentennial_Veterans_Memorial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicentennial Veterans Memorial Park (page does not exist)">Bicentennial Veterans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridge_Park_(Bronx)" title="Bridge Park (Bronx)">Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronx_Park" title="Bronx Park">Bronx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Castle_Hill_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castle Hill Park (page does not exist)">Castle Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=City_Island_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Island Wetlands (page does not exist)">City Island Wetlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Claremont_Park_(Bronx)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claremont Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)">Claremont</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concrete_Plant_Park" title="Concrete Plant Park">Concrete Plant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crotona_Park" title="Crotona Park">Crotona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Devoe_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devoe Park (page does not exist)">Devoe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Estella_Diggs_Park" title="Estella Diggs Park">Estella Diggs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ewen_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ewen Park (page does not exist)">Ewen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ferry_Point_Park" title="Ferry Point Park">Ferry Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Givans_Creek_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Givans Creek Woods (page does not exist)">Givans Creek Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Grant_Park_(Bronx)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)">Grant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Haffen_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haffen Park (page does not exist)">Haffen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Harding_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harding Park (page does not exist)">Harding</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Harris_Park_(Bronx)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harris Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)">Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hart_Island_(Bronx)" title="Hart Island (Bronx)">Hart Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Park" title="Henry Hudson Park">Henry Hudson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hunts_Point_Riverside_Park" title="Hunts Point Riverside Park">Hunts Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerome Park (page does not exist)">Jerome</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Rodman_Drake_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Rodman Drake Park">Joseph Rodman Drake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joyce_Kilmer_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Joyce Kilmer Park">Joyce Kilmer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Julius_Richman_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Richman Park (page does not exist)">Julius Richman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macombs_Dam_Park" title="Macombs Dam Park">Macombs Dam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mill_Pond_Park" title="Mill Pond Park">Mill Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mosholu_Parkway" title="Mosholu Parkway">Mosholu Parkway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mullaly_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullaly Park">Mullaly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_and_South_Brother_Islands,_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="North and South Brother Islands, New York City">North and South Brother Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Park" title="Pelham Bay Park">Pelham Bay</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hunter_Island_(Bronx)" title="Hunter Island (Bronx)">Hunter Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchard_Beach_(Bronx)" title="Orchard Beach (Bronx)">Orchard Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rodman%27s_Neck" title="Rodman's Neck">Rodman's Neck</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pelham_Parkway" title="Pelham Parkway">Pelham Parkway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Playground_52" title="Playground 52">Playground 52</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Poe_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poe Park (page does not exist)">Poe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Printer%27s_Park" title="Printer's Park">Printer's</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pugsley_Creek_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pugsley Creek Park">Pugsley Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rainey_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainey Park (page does not exist)">Rainey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Raoul_Wallenberg_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raoul Wallenberg Forest (page does not exist)">Raoul Wallenberg Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Richman_(Echo)_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richman (Echo) Park (page does not exist)">Richman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Riverdale_Park_(Bronx)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riverdale Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)">Riverdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seton_Falls_Park" title="Seton Falls Park">Seton Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Seton_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seton Park (page does not exist)">Seton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soundview_Park" title="Soundview Park">Soundview</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Spuyten_Duyvil_Shorefront_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spuyten Duyvil Shorefront Park (page does not exist)">Spuyten Duyvil Shorefront</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._James_Park_(Bronx)" title="St. James Park (Bronx)">St. James</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Park_(Bronx)" title="St. Mary's Park (Bronx)">St. Mary's</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Starlight_Park" title="Starlight Park">Starlight</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taqwa_Community_Farm" title="Taqwa Community Farm">Taqwa Community Farm</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tremont_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremont Park">Tremont</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_Woods" title="University Woods">University Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park" title="Van Cortlandt Park">Van Cortlandt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Vidalia_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidalia Park (page does not exist)">Vidalia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Vinmont_Veteran_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinmont Veteran Park (page does not exist)">Vinmont Veteran</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Washington%27s_Walk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington's Walk (page does not exist)">Washington's Walk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Williamsbridge_Oval" title="Williamsbridge Oval">Williamsbridge Oval</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alben_Square" title="Alben Square">Alben Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=American_Veterans_Memorial_Pier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Veterans Memorial Pier (page does not exist)">American Veterans Memorial Pier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Amersfort_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amersfort Park (page does not exist)">Amersfort</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anthony_Catanzaro_Square" title="Anthony Catanzaro Square">Anthony Catanzaro Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Asser_Levy_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asser Levy Park (page does not exist)">Asser Levy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ascenzi_Square" title="Ascenzi Square">Ascenzi Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bath_Beach_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bath Beach Park (page does not exist)">Bath Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Betsy_Head_Park" title="Betsy Head Park">Betsy Head</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bensonhurst_Park" title="Bensonhurst Park">Bensonhurst</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bocchino-Dente_Memorial_Plaza" title="Bocchino-Dente Memorial Plaza">Bocchino-Dente Memorial Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Breukelen_Ballfields_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breukelen Ballfields Park (page does not exist)">Breukelen Ballfields</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge_Park" title="Brooklyn Bridge Park">Brooklyn Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights_Promenade" title="Brooklyn Heights Promenade">Brooklyn Heights Promenade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Queens_Greenway" title="Brooklyn–Queens Greenway">Brooklyn–Queens Greenway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Waterfront_Greenway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway (page does not exist)">Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brower_Park" title="Brower Park">Brower</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bushwick_Inlet_Park" title="Bushwick Inlet Park">Bushwick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Byrne_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byrne Park (page does not exist)">Byrne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cadman_Plaza" title="Cadman Plaza">Cadman Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Canarsie_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canarsie Park (page does not exist)">Canarsie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carroll_Park" title="Carroll Park">Carroll</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvert_Vaux_Park" title="Calvert Vaux Park">Calvert Vaux</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chief_Charles_A._Joshua_Plaza" title="Chief Charles A. Joshua Plaza">Chief Charles A. Joshua Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=City_Line_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Line Park (page does not exist)">City Line</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Coffey_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffey Park (page does not exist)">Coffey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Columbus_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Columbus Park (Brooklyn)">Columbus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commodore_Barry_Park" title="Commodore Barry Park">Commodore Barry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riegelmann_Boardwalk" title="Riegelmann Boardwalk">Coney Island Beach & Boardwalk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island_Creek_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coney Island Creek Park (page does not exist)">Coney Island Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Coney Island Cyclone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Continental_Army_Plaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continental Army Plaza (page does not exist)">Continental Army Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cooper_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooper Park (page does not exist)">Cooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domino_Park" title="Domino Park">Domino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dyker_Beach_Park_and_Golf_Course" title="Dyker Beach Park and Golf Course">Dyker Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Parkway" title="Eastern Parkway">Eastern Parkway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Four_Sparrow_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Sparrow Marsh (page does not exist)">Four Sparrow Marsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Frank_M._Charles_Memorial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank M. Charles Memorial Park (page does not exist)">Frank M. Charles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Fresh_Creek_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fresh Creek Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Fresh Creek Nature Preserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Friends_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friends Field (page does not exist)">Friends Field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fulton_Park" title="Fulton Park">Fulton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golconda_Skate_Park" title="Golconda Skate Park">Golconda Skate Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gravesend_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravesend Park (page does not exist)">Gravesend</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Green_Central_Knoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Central Knoll (page does not exist)">Green Central Knoll</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Von_King_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Von King Park (page does not exist)">Herbert Von King</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Highland_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Highland Park (Brooklyn)">Highland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Irving_Square_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irving Square Park (page does not exist)">Irving Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Stone_House_(Brooklyn)" title="Old Stone House (Brooklyn)">JJ Byrne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_J._Carty_Park" title="John J. Carty Park">John J. Carty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Park" title="John Paul Jones Park">John Paul Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Kaiser_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaiser Park (page does not exist)">Kaiser</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Kelly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leif_Ericson_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Leif Ericson Park">Leif Ericson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Leon_S._Kaiser_Playground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon S. Kaiser Playground (page does not exist)">Leon S. Kaiser Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lieutenant_Joseph_Petrosino_Park" title="Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino Park">Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Terrace_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln Terrace Park (page does not exist)">Lincoln Terrace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Linden_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linden Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Linden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lindower_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lindower Park (page does not exist)">Lindower</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Linton_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linton Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Linton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macri_Triangle" title="Macri Triangle">Macri Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Manhattan_Beach_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhattan Beach Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Manhattan Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Hernandez_Park" title="Maria Hernandez Park">Maria Hernandez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn_park)" title="Marine Park (Brooklyn park)">Marine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McCarren_Park" title="McCarren Park">McCarren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McGolrick_Park" title="McGolrick Park">McGolrick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=McKinley_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McKinley Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">McKinley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Prospect_Park" title="Mount Prospect Park">Mt. Prospect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adventurer%27s_Park" title="Adventurer's Park">Nellie Bly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)">Ocean Parkway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Owl%27s_Head_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Owl's Head Park">Owl's Head</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Paerdegat_Basin_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paerdegat Basin Park (page does not exist)">Paerdegat Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Paerdegat_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paerdegat Park (page does not exist)">Paerdegat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_Hook_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Hook Park">Red Hook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Venable_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Venable Park (page does not exist)">Robert E. Venable</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russell_D._Ramsey_Triangle" title="Russell D. Ramsey Triangle">Russell D. Ramsey Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Saratoga_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saratoga Park (page does not exist)">Saratoga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Scarangella_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scarangella Park (page does not exist)">Scarangella</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Seaside_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaside Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Seaside</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Low_Playground" title="Seth Low Playground">Seth Low</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shore_Boulevard_Mall" title="Shore Boulevard Mall">Shore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_Creek_Park" title="Spring Creek Park">Spring Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Sternberg_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sternberg Park (page does not exist)">Sternberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=St._Johns_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Johns Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">St. Johns</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunset_Park_(Brooklyn_park)" title="Sunset Park (Brooklyn park)">Sunset</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tompkins_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tompkins Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Tompkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Trinity_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinity Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Trinity</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Van_Voorhees_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Voorhees Park (page does not exist)">Van Voorhees</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walt_Whitman_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Walt Whitman Park (Brooklyn)">Walt Whitman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wingate_Park_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wingate Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Wingate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WNYC_Transmitter_Park" title="WNYC Transmitter Park">WNYC Transmitter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zion_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Zion Triangle">Zion Triangle</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Admiral_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Admiral Park (page does not exist)">Admiral</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alley_Pond_Park" title="Alley Pond Park">Alley Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Andrews_Grove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrews Grove (page does not exist)">Andrews Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Astoria_Park" title="Astoria Park">Astoria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baisley_Pond_Park" title="Baisley Pond Park">Baisley Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bayside_Fields&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayside Fields (page does not exist)">Bayside Fields</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bayswater_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayswater Park (page does not exist)">Bayswater</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Beach_Channel_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beach Channel Park (page does not exist)">Beach Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Big_Bush_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Bush Park (page does not exist)">Big Bush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bowne_Park" title="Bowne Park">Bowne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brant_Point_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Breininger_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breininger Park (page does not exist)">Breininger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Broad_Channel_American_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad Channel American Park (page does not exist)">Broad Channel American</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Broad_Channel_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad Channel Park (page does not exist)">Broad Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Broad_Channel_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad Channel Wetlands (page does not exist)">Broad Channel Wetlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Queens_Greenway" title="Brooklyn–Queens Greenway">Brooklyn–Queens Greenway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Brookville_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brookville Park (page does not exist)">Brookville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bulova_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulova Park (page does not exist)">Bulova</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Captain_Tilly_Park" title="Captain Tilly Park">Captain Tilly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catholic_War_Veterans_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic War Veterans Triangle">Catholic War Veterans Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Postiglione_Triangle" title="Chris Postiglione Triangle">Chris Postiglione Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/College_Point_Fields" title="College Point Fields">College Point Fields</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crocheron_Park" title="Crocheron Park">Crocheron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cunningham_Park" title="Cunningham Park">Cunningham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Detective_Keith_L_Williams_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detective Keith L Williams Park (page does not exist)">Det. Keith L. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Detective_William_T._Gunn_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detective William T. Gunn Park (page does not exist)">Det. William T. Gunn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dr._Charles_R._Drew_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Charles R. Drew Park (page does not exist)">Dr. Charles R. Drew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dubos_Point_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doughboy_Park" title="Doughboy Park">Doughboy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douglaston_Park" title="Douglaston Park">Douglaston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elmhurst_Park" title="Elmhurst Park">Elmhurst</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Evergreen_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evergreen Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Evergreen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feehan_Triangle" title="Feehan Triangle">Feehan Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flushing_Fields" title="Flushing Fields">Flushing Fields</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows-Corona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foch_Sitting_Area" title="Foch Sitting Area">Foch Sitting Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forest_Park_(Queens)" title="Forest Park (Queens)">Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Totten_(Queens)" title="Fort Totten (Queens)">Fort Totten</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Francis_Lewis_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Lewis Park (page does not exist)">Francis Lewis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Frank_Golden_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Golden Park (page does not exist)">Frank Golden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Frank_Principe_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Principe Park (page does not exist)">Frank Principe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Haggerty_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haggerty Park (page does not exist)">Haggerty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Harvey_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Park (page does not exist)">Harvey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Highland_Park_(Queens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Park (Queens)">Highland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillcrest_Veterans_Square" title="Hillcrest Veterans Square">Hillcrest Veterans Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hinton_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinton Park (page does not exist)">Hinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hoffman_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoffman Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Hoffman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hook_Creek_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hook Creek Park (page does not exist)">Hook Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunter's Point Park (page does not exist)">Hunter's Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Idlewild_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idlewild Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Idlewild</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Bay_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica Bay Park">Jamaica Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=John_Golden_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Golden Park (page does not exist)">John Golden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judge_Moses_Weinstein_Playground" title="Judge Moses Weinstein Playground">Judge Moses Weinstein Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juniper_Valley_Park" title="Juniper Valley Park">Juniper Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kissena_Park" title="Kissena Park">Kissena</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kohlreiter_Square" title="Kohlreiter Square">Kohlreiter Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kopytko_Triangle" title="Kopytko Triangle">Kopytko Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libra_Triangle" title="Libra Triangle">Libra Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linden_Park_(Queens)" title="Linden Park (Queens)">Linden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Linnaeus_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linnaeus Park (page does not exist)">Linnaeus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Little_Bay_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Bay Park (page does not exist)">Little Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LoCicero_Triangle" title="LoCicero Triangle">LoCicero Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Pasteur Park (page does not exist)">Louis Pasteur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lynch_Triangle" title="Lynch Triangle">Lynch Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mafera_Park" title="Mafera Park">Mafera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Macneil_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macneil Park (page does not exist)">Macneil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Marconi_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marconi Park (page does not exist)">Marconi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Marie_Curie_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Curie Park (page does not exist)">Marie Curie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Montbellier_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montbellier Park (page does not exist)">Montbellier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/O%27Donohue_Park" title="O'Donohue Park">O'Donohue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_Room_Schoolhouse_Park" title="One Room Schoolhouse Park">One Room Schoolhouse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Overlook_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overlook Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Overlook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Park_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Park of the Americas">Park of the Americas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Phil_%22Scooter%22_Rizzuto_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto Park (page does not exist)">Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Playground_Seventy_Five" title="Playground Seventy Five">Playground Seventy Five</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Police_Officer_Edward_Byrne_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police Officer Edward Byrne Park (page does not exist)">Ofc. Edward Byrne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Powell%27s_Cove_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powell's Cove Park (page does not exist)">Powell's Cove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proctor-Hopson_Circle" title="Proctor-Hopson Circle">Proctor-Hopson Circle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens_County_Farm_Museum" title="Queens County Farm Museum">Queens County Farm Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queensbridge_Park" title="Queensbridge Park">Queensbridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rachel_Carson_Playground" title="Rachel Carson Playground">Rachel Carson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Railroad_Park_(Queens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Railroad Park (Queens) (page does not exist)">Railroad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Demarco_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Demarco Park (page does not exist)">Ralph Demarco</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rochdale_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochdale Park (page does not exist)">Rochdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rockaway_Beach_(beach)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Beach (beach)">Rockaway Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rockaway_Community_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockaway Community Park">Rockaway Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roy_Wilkins_Park" title="Roy Wilkins Park">Roy Wilkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rufus_King_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Rufus King Park">Rufus King</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Seagirt_Avenue_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seagirt Avenue Wetlands (page does not exist)">Seagirt Avenue Wetlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socrates_Sculpture_Park" title="Socrates Sculpture Park">Socrates Sculpture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spring_Creek_Park" title="Spring Creek Park">Spring Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield_Park_(Queens)" title="Springfield Park (Queens)">Springfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=St._Albans_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Albans Park (page does not exist)">St. Albans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travers_Park" title="Travers Park">Travers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travis_Triangle" title="Travis Triangle">Travis Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Triangle_54" title="Triangle 54">Triangle 54</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tribute_Park" title="Tribute Park">Tribute</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tudor_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudor Park (page does not exist)">Tudor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turtle_Playground_(Queens)" title="Turtle Playground (Queens)">Turtle Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Udalls_Cove" title="Udalls Cove">Udalls Cove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underbridge_Dog_Run" title="Underbridge Dog Run">Underbridge Dog Run</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vleigh_Playground" title="Vleigh Playground">Vleigh Playground</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_J._Wetzel_Triangle" title="Walter J. Wetzel Triangle">Walter J. Wetzel Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wayanda_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayanda Park (page does not exist)">Wayanda</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Aesop_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aesop Park (page does not exist)">Aesop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Allison_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison Pond Park (page does not exist)">Allison Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amundsen_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Amundsen Circle">Amundsen Circle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Annadale_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annadale Green (page does not exist)">Annadale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arbutus_Woods_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbutus Woods Park (page does not exist)">Arbutus Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arden_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arden Woods (page does not exist)">Arden Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alice_Austen_House" title="Alice Austen House">Austen House</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Barrett_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barrett Park (page does not exist)">Barrett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bayview_Terrace_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayview Terrace Park (page does not exist)">Bayview Terrace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Blood_Root_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blood Root Valley (page does not exist)">Blood Root Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloomingdale_Park" title="Bloomingdale Park">Bloomingdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Heron_Park" title="Blue Heron Park">Blue Heron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Blueberry_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blueberry Park (page does not exist)">Blueberry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bradys_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradys Park (page does not exist)">Bradys</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bunker_Ponds_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunker Ponds Park (page does not exist)">Bunker Ponds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buono_Beach" title="Buono Beach">Buono Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Carlton_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlton Park (page does not exist)">Carlton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clove_Lakes_Park" title="Clove Lakes Park">Clove Lakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Clove%27s_Tail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clove's Tail (page does not exist)">Clove's Tail</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conference_House_Park" title="Conference House Park">Conference House</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Corporal_Thompson_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corporal Thompson Park (page does not exist)">Corporal Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Crescent_Beach_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crescent Beach Park (page does not exist)">Crescent Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Deere_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deere Park (page does not exist)">Deere</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Eibs_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eibs Pond Park (page does not exist)">Eibs Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Faber_Pool_and_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faber Pool and Park (page does not exist)">Faber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Fairview_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairview Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Fairview</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Father_Macris_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Father Macris Park (page does not exist)">Father Macris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forest_Grove_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest Grove (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Forest Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Hill_Park" title="Fort Hill Park">Fort Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Wadsworth" title="Fort Wadsworth">Fort Wadsworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Beach%E2%80%93Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Boardwalk" title="South Beach–Franklin Delano Roosevelt Boardwalk">South Beach–FDR Boardwalk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freshkills_Park" title="Freshkills Park">Freshkills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gaeta_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaeta Park (page does not exist)">Gaeta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Kills_Park" title="Great Kills Park">Great Kills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graniteville_Quarry_Park" title="Graniteville Quarry Park">Graniteville Quarry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Graniteville_Swamp_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graniteville Swamp Park (page does not exist)">Graniteville Swamp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hero_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hero Park (page does not exist)">Hero</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=High_Rock_Park_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Rock Park Preserve (page does not exist)">High Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hoffman_Island" title="Hoffman Island">Hoffman Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Huguenot_Ponds_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huguenot Ponds Park (page does not exist)">Huguenot Ponds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_Oak_Woods_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hybrid Oak Woods Park (page does not exist)">Hybrid Oak Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingram_Woods" title="Ingram Woods">Ingram Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isle_of_Meadows" title="Isle of Meadows">Isle of Meadows</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Jones_Woods_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jones Woods Park (page does not exist)">Jones Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Manna_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Manna Park (page does not exist)">Joseph Manna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=King_Fisher_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Fisher Park (page does not exist)">King Fisher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom Pond Park (page does not exist)">Kingdom Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Last_Chance_Pond_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Last Chance Pond Park (page does not exist)">Last Chance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=LaTourette_Park_and_Golf_Course&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LaTourette Park and Golf Course (page does not exist)">LaTourette</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lemon_Creek_(Staten_Island)#Parks" title="Lemon Creek (Staten Island)">Lemon Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long_Pond_Park" title="Long Pond Park">Long Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=General_Douglas_MacArthur_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Douglas MacArthur Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Gen. MacArthur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Maple_Woods_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maple Woods (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Maple Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Mariners_Marsh_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariners Marsh Park (page does not exist)">Mariners Marsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Meredith_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meredith Woods (page does not exist)">Meredith Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midland_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Midland Beach">Midland Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Midland_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midland Field (page does not exist)">Midland Field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miller_Field_(Staten_Island)" title="Miller Field (Staten Island)">Miller Field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Loretto_Unique_Area" title="Mount Loretto Unique Area">Mount Loretto Unique Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Dorp_Beach" title="New Dorp Beach">New Dorp Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Northerleigh_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northerleigh Park (page does not exist)">Northerleigh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Breeze_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocean Breeze Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Ocean Breeze</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Old_Place_Creek_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Place Creek Park (page does not exist)">Old Place Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Olmsted-Beil_House_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olmsted-Beil House Park (page does not exist)">Olmstead-Beil House</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prall%27s_Island" title="Prall's Island">Prall's Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Reed%27s_Basket_Willow_Swamp_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reed's Basket Willow Swamp Park (page does not exist)">Reed's Basket WIllow Swamp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Richmond_Terrace_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richmond Terrace Wetlands (page does not exist)">Richmond Terrace Wetlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sailors%27_Snug_Harbor" title="Sailors' Snug Harbor">Sailors' Snug Harbor</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Staten_Island_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten Island Botanical Garden">Staten Island Botanical Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Chinese_Scholar%27s_Garden" title="New York Chinese Scholar's Garden">New York Chinese Scholar's Garden</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Saw_Mill_Creek_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saw Mill Creek Marsh (page does not exist)">Saw Mill Creek Marsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Schmul_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schmul Park (page does not exist)">Schmul</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Seaside_Wildlife_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaside Wildlife Nature Park (page does not exist)">Seaside Wildlife Nature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shooters_Island" title="Shooters Island">Shooters Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Siedenburg_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siedenburg Park (page does not exist)">Siedenburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silver_Lake,_Staten_Island" title="Silver Lake, Staten Island">Silver Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Sobel_Court_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobel Court Park (page does not exist)">Sobel Court</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=South_Beach_Wetlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Beach Wetlands (page does not exist)">South Beach Wetlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=St._George_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George Park (page does not exist)">St. George</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Staten_Island_Greenbelt" title="Staten Island Greenbelt">Staten Island Greenbelt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Staten_Island_Industrial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staten Island Industrial Park (page does not exist)">Staten Island Industrial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swinburne_Island" title="Swinburne Island">Swinburne Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tappen_Park" title="Tappen Park">Tappen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tompkins_Circle" title="Tompkins Circle">Tompkins Circle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tompkinsville_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tompkinsville Park (page does not exist)">Tompkinsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tottenville_Shore_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tottenville Shore Park (page does not exist)">Tottenville Shore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Von_Briesen_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Von Briesen Park (page does not exist)">Von Briesen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Walker_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walker Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wegener_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wegener Park (page does not exist)">Wegener</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westerleigh_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westerleigh Park (page does not exist)">Westerleigh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Westwood_Park_(Staten_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westwood Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)">Westwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_T._Davis_Wildlife_Refuge" title="William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge">William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willowbrook_Park" title="Willowbrook Park">Willowbrook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolfe%27s_Pond_Park" title="Wolfe's Pond Park">Wolfe's Pond</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nature_center" title="Nature center">Nature centers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alley_Pond_Park" title="Alley Pond Park">Alley Pond </a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belvedere_Castle" title="Belvedere Castle">Belvedere Castle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Heron_Park_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Heron Park Preserve">Blue Heron</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crotona_Park" title="Crotona Park">Crotona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dana_Discovery_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana Discovery Center (page does not exist)">Dana Discovery Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forest_Park_(Queens,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Park (Queens, New York)">Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Greene_Park" title="Fort Greene Park">Fort Greene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Totten_(Queens)" title="Fort Totten (Queens)">Fort Totten</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Greenbelt_Nature_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenbelt Nature Center (page does not exist)">Greenbelt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=High_Rock_Nature_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Rock Nature Center (page does not exist)">High Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park" title="Inwood Hill Park">Inwood Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchard_Beach_(Bronx)" title="Orchard Beach (Bronx)">Orchard Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Park (Brooklyn)">Salt Marsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park" title="Van Cortlandt Park">Van Cortlandt</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">Zoos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Park_Zoo" title="Central Park Zoo">Central Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prospect_Park_Zoo" title="Prospect Park Zoo">Prospect Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens_Zoo" title="Queens Zoo">Queens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Staten_Island_Zoo" title="Staten Island Zoo">Staten Island</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">Botanical gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brooklyn Botanic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservatory_Garden" title="Conservatory Garden">Conservatory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Botanical_Garden" title="New York Botanical Garden">New York Botanical</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queens_Botanical_Garden" title="Queens Botanical Garden">Queens Botanical</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Staten_Island_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten Island Botanical Garden">Staten Island Botanical</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Chinese_Scholar%27s_Garden" title="New York Chinese Scholar's Garden">New York Chinese Scholar's</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wave_Hill" title="Wave Hill">Wave Hill</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blackwell_Island_Light" title="Blackwell Island Light">Lighthouse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southpoint_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Southpoint Park">Southpoint</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks_relating_to_World_War_I" title="List of New York City parks relating to World War I">World War I-related parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_parks_relating_to_the_Vietnam_War" title="List of New York City parks relating to the Vietnam War">Vietnam War-related parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_New_York_City_parks_relating_to_Hispanic_Hispanic_and_Latino_American_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of New York City parks relating to Hispanic Hispanic and Latino American culture (page does not exist)">Hispanic and Latino-related parks</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#88C65A;"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" title="Category:Protected areas of New York City">Category</a></b></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">Department of Parks and Recreation</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_New_York" title="Template:Protected areas of New York">New York State</a></i></li>
<li><img alt="Commons page" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_New_York_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Protected areas of New York City">Commons</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1360424&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1360424&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1360424" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1025584-9">1025584-9</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121728082">0000 0001 2172 8082</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50066764">n50066764</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002148997&CON_LNG=ENG">ko2002148997</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/063239248">063239248</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142521487">142521487</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50066764">lccn-n50066764</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1592843021 |
