Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|158-year-old tropical garden located in Singapore}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Singapore Botanic Gardens
| native_name = {{small|{{nobold|{{native name|ms|Kebun Bunga Singapura}}<br />{{native name|zh|新加坡植物园|italics=off}}<br />{{native name|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் தாவரவியல் பூங்கா|italics=off}}<!--end nobold:-->}}}}
| photo = Symphony Lake, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20041025.jpg
| photo_width = 300px
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = [[Symphony Lake, Singapore|Symphony Lake]]
| map =
| map_width =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Tanglin]], [[Central Region, Singapore|Central Region]], [[Singapore]]
| coords = {{coord|1.3151|103.8162|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|82|ha|2}}
| created = {{start date and age|df=yes|1859}}
| operator = [[National Parks Board|NParks]]
| visitation =
| open =
| publictransit = {{SMRT code 2I/C|CC|19|DT|9}} [[Botanic Gardens MRT station|Botanic Gardens]] (Bukit Timah Gate)<br>{{SMRT code|TE|12}} [[Napier MRT station|Napier]] (Tanglin Gate, ''from 2021'')
| embedded=
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|child = yes
|ID = 1483
|Year = 2015
|Criteria = Cultural: ii, iv
|Area = 49 ha
|Buffer_zone = 137 ha
}}
}}
{{History of Singapore}}
The '''Singapore Botanic Gardens''' is a {{age|1859}}-year-old tropical garden located at the fringe of [[Singapore]]'s [[Orchard Road]] shopping district. It is one of three gardens, and the only tropical garden, to be honoured as a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]. The Botanic Gardens has been ranked Asia's top park attraction since 2013, by [[TripAdvisor]] Travellers' Choice Awards. It was declared the inaugural ''Garden of the Year'', International Garden Tourism Awards in 2012, and received [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]]'s three-star rating in 2008.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens-clinches-prestigious-unesco-world-heritage-site-status |journal=[[The Straits Times]] |title=Singapore Botanic Gardens clinches prestigious Unesco World Heritage site status |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="sbg-trip">{{cite news |url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/relax/botanic-gardens-top-park-asia-tripadvisor |title=Botanic Gardens top park in Asia on Tripadvisor |date=20 June 2014 |quote=TripAdvisor Travellers' Choice Awards |work=The Straits Times }}</ref>
The Botanic Gardens was founded at its present site in 1859 by an agri-horticultural society. It played a pivotal role in the region's rubber trade boom in the early twentieth century, when its first scientific director [[Henry Nicholas Ridley]], headed research into the plant's cultivation. By perfecting the technique of rubber extraction, still in use today, and promoting its economic value to planters in the region, rubber output expanded rapidly. At its height in the 1920s, the [[Malayan peninsula]] cornered half of the global [[latex]] production.
The [[National Orchid Garden]], within the main gardens, is at the forefront of [[orchid]] studies and a pioneer in the cultivation of [[Hybrid (biology)#Hybrid plants|hybrids]], complementing the nation's status as a major exporter of cut orchids. Aided by the equatorial climate, it houses the largest orchid collection of 1,200 species and 2,000 hybrids.
Early in the nation's independence, Singapore Botanic Gardens' expertise helped to transform the island into a tropical ''Garden City'', an image and moniker for which the nation is widely known. In 1981, the hybrid climbing orchid, [[Vanda Miss Joaquim]], was chosen as the nation's national flower. Singapore's "orchid diplomacy" honours visiting head of states, dignitaries and celebrities, by naming its finest hybrids after them; these are displayed at its popular VIP Orchid Gardens.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/urban-haven |title=Urban Haven |date=5 July 2015 |work=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref name="st-dip">{{cite news |url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20111111-310102.html |title=Orchid diplomacy |date=11 November 2011 |publisher=Tabla |access-date=9 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117213947/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20111111-310102.html |archive-date=17 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Singapore's Botanic Gardens is opened from 5 a.m. to 12 midnight daily. There is no admission fee, except for the [[National Orchid Garden]]. More than 10,000 species of flora are spread over its 82-hectares area, which is stretched vertically; the longest distance between the northern and southern ends is {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The Botanic Gardens receives about 4.5 million visitors annually.
==History==
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens logo.jpg|left|thumb|Singapore Botanic Gardens logo, ''[[Cyrtostachys]]'' [[Arecaceae|palm]] ]]
The first "Botanical and Experimental Garden" in Singapore was established in 1822 on Government Hill at [[Fort Canning]] by Sir [[Stamford Raffles]], the founder of modern Singapore and a keen [[natural history|naturalist]]. The Garden's main task was to evaluate for [[Plant cultivation|cultivation]] [[crops]] which were of potential economic importance including those yielding fruits, vegetables, spices and other raw materials. This first Garden closed in 1829.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19140119-1.2.3.aspx|title=Singapore First Botanical Gardens|date=19 January 1914|newspaper=The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942)|page=1|access-date=6 April 2016}}</ref>
It was not until 30 years later that the present Singapore Botanic Gardens began in 1859, when the Singapore Agri-horticultural Society was granted 32 hectares of land in Tanglin by the colonial government, which had obtained it from the merchant [[Hoo Ah Kay]], known as Whampoa, in exchange for land at [[Boat Quay]].
=== 1859–1876 ===
The new gardens started off functioning primarily as a “pleasure park” for the society’s members. Lawrence Niven was hired as superintendent and [[landscape design]]er to turn what were essentially overgrown plantations and a tangle of [[Primary Rainforest|virgin ranforest]] into a [[public park]]. He and his team worked on developing the Gardens to reflect the styles of the English Landscape Garden Movement. This included a series of “interconnecting pathways and promenades, a levelled parade area for military bands to play music... and the establishment of ornamental planting”.<ref>Chris Blandford Associates. (2014, January). Singapore Botanic Gardens – Candidate World Heritage Site Nomination Dossier.</ref> The layout of the Gardens as it is today is largely based on Niven's design. In 1866 the Gardens expanded in the Northwest direction of about 12 hectares. There was the excavation of Swan Lake in 1866. In 1868, the Burkill Hall is completed. The Singapore Agri-horticultural Society ran out of funds, which led to the colonial government taking over the management of the gardens in 1874.
=== 1877–1920s ===
The first rubber seedlings came to the gardens from [[Kew Gardens]] in 1877.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Singapore Botanical Gardens – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1483|publisher = UNESCO|accessdate = 21 December 2015|language = en}}</ref> A naturalist, [[Henry Nicholas Ridley]], or Mad Ridley as he was known, became director of the gardens in 1888 and spearheaded rubber cultivation. Successful in his experiments with rubber planting, Ridley convinced planters across [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]] to adopt his methods. The results were astounding; Malaya became the world's number one producer and exporter of natural rubber.<ref name=Cornelius-Takahama2001>{{citation |date=29 March 2001 |author=Cornelius-Takahama, Vernon |title=Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley |place=Singapore |publisher=National Library Board Singapore }}</ref> There is the installation of Palm Valley (1879), Ridley Hall (1882), E.J.H Corner House (1910) and Holttum Hall (1921). This is the period of time when Singapore’s national flower – the orchid Hybrid Vanda Miss Joaquim is founded.
[[File:Bandstand, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20060805.jpg|thumb|Music was played at this [[gazebo]], known as the Bandstand, in the Singapore Botanic Gardens in the 1930s]]
=== 1920s–1985 ===
Another achievement was the pioneering of [[Orchidaceae|orchid]] [[hybrid (biology)|hybridisation]] by Professor [[Richard Eric Holttum|Eric Holttum]], director of the Gardens from 1925 to 1949. His techniques led to Singapore being one of the world's top centres of commercial orchid growing. Today, it has the largest collection of tropical plant specimens.
During the [[Japanese occupation of Singapore]] from 1942 to 1945, Hidezo Tanakadate (田中館秀三), a professor of geology from [[Tohoku Imperial University]], learned of the possibility that the Gardens and Museum might be looted due to the occupation, and negotiated directly with general [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] to gain control of the Singapore Botanic Gardens and the [[National Museum of Singapore|Raffles Museum]]. At the beginning of the occupation, he ensured that no looting occurred in the Gardens and the Museum. Both institutions continued to function as scientific institutions. [[Richard Eric Holttum|Holttum]] and [[Edred John Henry Corner]] were interned in the Gardens and instructed to continue their horticultural work. The Japanese government and army were unwilling to fund the institutions, however, and Tanakadate had to pay for maintenance and staff salaries from his own pocket. The Gardens was also renamed as Shōnan Botanic Gardens ({{lang|ja|昭南植物園}}). Tanaka returned to Japan in July 1943, and [[:ja:郡場寛|Dr. Kwan Koriba (郡場寛)]], a retired professor of botany from the [[Kyoto Imperial University]] and secretary-general of the Imperial Japanese Army's Malayan military administration department's general affairs department, was appointed director to the Gardens and Museum, posts he held until the end of the war.<ref>{{Cite web|title = シンガポール植物園を守った日本人|url = https://washimo-web.jp/Report/Mag-Botanic.htm|website = washimo-web.jp|accessdate = 6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = シンガポール植物園を守った日本人|url = https://washimo-web.jp/Report/Mag-Botanic.htm|website = washimo-web.jp|accessdate = 6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>[[戸川幸夫]]『昭南島物語』下（讀賣新聞社、[[1990年]]）</ref>
After the war ended, the Gardens was handed back to the control of the British in September 1945, and Koriba was made a prisoner of war. Corner negotiated for Koriba's release with the British command, citing his contributions to protecting the Gardens, but he chose to remain in custody alongside his countrymen until his release in January 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|title = シンガポール植物園を守った日本人|url = https://washimo-web.jp/Report/Mag-Botanic.htm|website = washimo-web.jp|accessdate = 6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>[[戸川幸夫]]『昭南島物語』下、p.288（讀賣新聞社、[[1990年]]）</ref> [[M R Henderson|Murray Ross Henderson]], curator of the Herbarium before the war, succeeded Holttum as director from 1949 to 1954. Eventually the Gardens played an important role during the "greening Singapore" campaign and Garden City campaign during the early independence years.
=== 1986–present===
The Singapore Botanic Gardens was put under the charge of the National Parks Board. The Gardens was revitalised with new and improved public amenities, research facilities and training facilities (1990–2005). Here, the focus is on Garden City Vision, Horticulture, Taxonomic + Biodiversity Research, Recreation and Education.
A "Tyersall extension" to the Gardens was announced in 2009. A total of 18 hectares of land was added in expanding the Gardens by almost four times its original size in 1859. Known as the Gardens' Learning Forest when fully complete in 2018, the extensions included a Forest Conservation Interpretive Centre and a Natural History Art Gallery, housed in colonial buildings more than a century old. The Learning Forest showcases the best of tropical trees that grow under local conditions and strengthen the Botanic Gardens' position as a premier institute for research, conservation and education. Visitors are able to appreciate this unique collection of trees and plants through various thematic walks within the Learning Forest featuring giant trees, trees with interesting forms and barks of various textures, a conservation collection of rare fruit and nut species and a bamboo garden.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Sunday Times – Botanic Gardens to keep on growing|url=http://www.gov.sg/news/content/botanic-gardens-to-keep-on-growing|publisher=Government of Singapore|accessdate=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125025902/http://www.gov.sg/news/content/botanic-gardens-to-keep-on-growing|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also included is a flood protection scheme for the main shopping district of Orchard Road and its surroundings and a water detention pond with capacity to hold excess storm-water of about 15 Olympic-size pools.<ref>{{Cite web|title = wildsingapore news: Work to start on extension to Botanic Gardens|url = http://wildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg/2013/03/work-to-start-on-extension-to-botanic.html|website = wildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg|accessdate = 8 August 2015}}</ref>
==Attractions==
[[File:Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg|thumb|Orchids in the [[National Orchid Garden]]]]
The garden is bordered by Holland Road and Napier Road to the south, Cluny Road to the east, Tyersall Avenue and Cluny Park Road to the west and [[Bukit Timah Road]] to the north. The linear distance between the northern and southern ends is around {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}. There are a number of entrances at different zones of the gardens, though the Tanglin Gate facing Holland Road in the south is the grand entrance.
===National Orchid Garden===
[[File:Phalaenopsis philippinensis NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg|thumb|left|''Phalaenopsis philippinensis'' orchid growing in a mist house]]
The National Orchid Garden is the main attraction within the Botanic Gardens. Located on the mid-western side of the Garden, the hilly three-hectare site has a collection of more than 1,000 species and 2,000 hybrids of orchids.
Within the Orchid Garden there are a number of attractions such as the following -
'''Burkill Hall''': Burkill Hall is a colonial plantation bungalow built in 1886. It used to be the director's house and was named in honour of the only father and son pair to hold the post of Director of Singapore Botanic Gardens, [[I. H. Burkill|Isaac]] and [[Humphrey Burkill]]. The ground level serves as an exhibition area, showcasing information on the different hybrids named after VIPs who have visited the garden.
'''VIP Orchid Garden''': located at the back of Burkill Hall, displays hybrids of the most popular VIP orchids. Notable ones include ''[[Dendrobium]] Memoria'' [[Princess Diana]], ''Dendrobium'' [[Margaret Thatcher]], ''[[Renantanda]]'' [[Akihito]], ''Dendrobium'' [[Crown Princess Masako|Masako Kotaishi Hidenka]], ''Dendrobium'' [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth]] and ''[[Vanda]]'' [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]]. More than 100 celebrities, dignitaries and visiting heads of states have been honoured by Singapore's ''orchid diplomacy'' program.
'''Orchidarium''': A haven for serious orchids enthusiasts, the Orchidarium houses natural species in a tropical setting.
'''Tan Hoon Siang Misthouse''': Tan Hoon Siang was a descendant of [[Tan Tock Seng]], who was a philanthropist and founder of the [[Tan Tock Seng Hospital]]. The misthouse contains a colourful collection of different hybrids. It also has a small collection of fragrant orchids like ''Vanda'' Mimi Palmer.
'''Lady Yuen-Peng McNeice Bromeliad House''': Named in honour of its sponsor, the Bromeliad House showcases plants from the family [[Bromeliaceae]], which includes the pineapple. The unique collection of bromeliads on display was acquired from Shelldance Nursery in the United States in 1994.
'''Coolhouse''': The Coolhouse tries to recreate the environment of a tropical highland forest and showcases orchids that are normally only found in the tropical highland areas.
===Rainforest===
The Singapore Botanic Gardens has a small [[tropical rainforest]] of around six hectares in size, which is older than the gardens itself. The rainforest and its bigger cousin at the [[Bukit Timah Nature Reserve]] are located within the Singapore's city limits. Singapore is one of the only two major cities with a tropical rainforest within its city limits, the other being [[Tijuca Forest]] in Rio de Janeiro.
===Ginger Garden===
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens waterfall.jpg|thumb|A waterfall in the Ginger Gardens]]
Located next to the National Orchid Garden, this one-hectare garden brings together members of the family [[Zingiberaceae]]. The garden houses a restaurant called the Halia Restaurant. There is also a drop-off point along Tyersall Avenue as well as a waterfall. The garden was officially opened in 2003 and it took over the spot vacated by the previous Orchid Enclosure.
===Botany Centre and Tanglin Gate===
[[File:GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg|thumb|left|Singapore's first "green roof" at the Green Pavilion]]
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens 7, Jul 06.JPG|thumb|Office Building (Botany Hall 1) at the redeveloped Tanglin Core]]
The two new blocks of offices and classroom in the upgraded Tanglin Core area are known as the Botany Centre. They house the:
* Library of Botany and Horticulture (including the Public Reference Centre);
* the Singapore Herbarium (International acronym: Herb. SING), housing 750,000 specimens;<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore Botanic Gardens Herbarium|url=https://www.sbg.org.sg/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=47&Itemid=64|website=www.sbg.org.sg|accessdate=10 March 2018}}</ref>
* Orchid Breeding and Micropropagation; and
* education outreach and workshop classrooms.
[[File:SaracaStream.JPG|thumb|One of the newer attractions is the Saraca Stream in the Tanglin Core area]]
The corridors and walkways of the Botany Centre are covered by leaf imprints. There are also a number of wooden carvings scattered around the grounds and fern-covered vertical walls.
The Green Pavilion is the first "green roof" in Singapore. Weed and grass-like plants fully cover the pitched roof. It houses the visitor services desk as well as a café called Food For Thought in the basement.
The offices of former directors, namely Holttum Hall (after Eric Holttum, Director of the Gardens from 1925 to 1949) and Ridley Hall (after Henry Nicholas Ridley, first director of Gardens from 1888 to 1911) were preserved and now known as the Singapore Botanic Gardens' Heritage Museum and Ridley Hall (a function space).
===Jacob Ballas Children's Garden===
The Children's Garden was named after its main donor Jacob Ballas, a Jewish-Singaporean philanthropist who died in 2004.
Built at a cost of [[Singapore dollar|S$]]7 million (of which $99 million was donated by the Jacob Ballas Trust and sponsors), it is located at the quieter northern end of the Botanic Gardens. It has its own visitor centre with a café. It opened on Children's Day, 1 October 2007. The [[National Parks Board]] claims it is Asia's first children's garden. There are play areas like the Water Play area, a small playground, tree-houses with slides, and a maze. There are also interactive exhibits that teach how [[photosynthesis]] takes place, and a mini-garden that showcases how plants may be used to make dyes, beverages or as herbs.
At the Children's Garden Visitor Centre there is a sculpture by the Israeli artist Zodok Ben-David. Named ''Mystree'', it was commissioned by the [[Yad Vashem]] museum in 2010. From a distance, the sculpture looks like a tree but a closer inspection reveals 500 human figures.
Although it is considered part of the Botanic Gardens, the Children's Garden has its own entrance along Bukit Timah Road existing as a separate enclosure.
===Other attractions===
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens Palm Valley.jpg|thumb|left|The lush lawns of Palm Valley are a popular spot for [[picnic]]s and outdoor concerts]]
Tropical plants line the bank of the Saraca Stream as it meanders its way down a small hill. The main highlights of the stream walk are the Yellow [[Saraca]] trees (''Saraca cauliflora'') and Red Saraca (''[[Saraca declinata]]''). Other attractions include the Palm Valley, Bandstand area, Sun Garden and Sundial Garden.
[[File:Singapore Symphony Orchestra - Concert in Park.jpg|thumb|SSO Concert at the Singapore Botanic Gardens]]
[[File:2016 Singapur, Ogrody botaniczne (255).jpg|thumb|[[Chopin]] monument, just south of [[Symphony Lake (Singapore)|Symphony Lake]]]]
The Botanic Gardens has three lakes, namely [[Symphony Lake, Singapore|Symphony Lake]], Eco-Lake and [[Swan Lake, Singapore|Swan Lake]]. The Shaw Foundation Symphony Stage on Symphony Lake occasionally has free concerts on weekends. Notable performers include the [[Singapore Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Singapore Chinese Orchestra]]. On 10 October 2008,<ref name=PolishEmbassy2008>{{citation |date=5 October 2008 |title=The Unveiling Ceremony of a Monument to Frederic Chopin & Inaugural Concert by NAFA Orchestra |url=http://www.singapore.polemb.net/?document=264 |publisher=The Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Singapore |accessdate=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626074541/http://www.singapore.polemb.net/?document=264 |archivedate=26 June 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> a statue of the composer [[Frédéric Chopin]] was unveiled just south of Symphony Lake.
The headquarters of the National Parks Board is located within the grounds of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Eateries within the garden include the [[Michelin Guide|one-Michelin-starred]] Corner House,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/food/singapores-michelin-starred-restaurants-a-listing|title=Singapore's Michelin-starred restaurants: All you need to know|website=[[The Straits Times]]|date=21 July 2016}}</ref> a casual fine-dining restaurant in a colonial bungalow; Casa Verde, a café at the Visitor Centre; and Halia Restaurant, a restaurant at the Ginger Garden. There are also gift shops for visitors. Singapore's national agency in biodiversity-related issues, the [[National Biodiversity Centre]], is also located within the grounds of the gardens.
==UNESCO==
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens, Evolution Garden 22, Sep 06.JPG|thumb|Replica of the ancient ''[[Lepidodendron]]s'' or giant [[clubmoss]]es at the Evolution Garden]]
An official application for Singapore Botanic Gardens to be listed as a World Heritage Site was submitted to UNESCO in January 2014. The bid underlines the gardens' historical and cultural significance and its achievements in conservation and research. A 700-page nomination dossier was compiled and written up over one-and-a-half years, led by the [[National Heritage Board (Singapore)|National Heritage Board]]'s (NHB) preservation of sites and monuments division and the Botanic Gardens director, Dr Nigel Taylor, who was also involved in the [[Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew]]'s own UNESCO bid from 2000 to 2003.
As part of the process, the dossier had to seek the assessment of the [[International Council on Monuments and Sites]] (ICOMOS), a separate professional association. On 16 May 2015, ICOMOS's panel of experts backed the inscription without reservation – the best recommendation possible, stating:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/unesco-title-plants-singapore-firmly-world-map |title=Unesco title plants Singapore firmly on world map |date=5 July 2015 |quote=null |work=The Straits Times}}</ref>
:{{Quotation |the Gardens demonstrates the evolution of a British tropical colonial garden into a modern and world-class botanic garden, scientific institution and place of conservation and education.}}
On 4 July that year, in [[Bonn]], the 39th session of the World Heritage Committee deliberated Singapore's submission, and all 21 members endorsed it.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens-clinches-prestigious-unesco-world-heritage-site-status |journal=[[The Straits Times]] |title=Singapore Botanic Gardens clinches prestigious Unesco World Heritage site status |author=Melody Zaccheus |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/mobile/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens/1960028.html |title= Singapore Botanic Gardens declared UNESCO World Heritage Site|date=4 July 2015 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref>
Dr Taylor recalled the unanimous vote:
<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/unesco-nomination-dossier/1963228.html |title=UNESCO nomination dossier a labour of love since 2010 – Channel NewsAsia |date=6 July 2015 |quote=null |publisher=Channel NewsAsia }}</ref>
:{{Quotation |It was extraordinary, one of the longest salutations I've heard ... and every single member of the committee had something important to say and some had a lot to say in favour of the inscription.}}
Singapore Botanic Gardens is the first tropical, and only the third botanic gardens on the UNESCO World Heritage listing. The honour was widely noted as a fitting tribute to the nation's 50th year of independence.
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:$5 tree.JPG| The [[Tembusu]] tree (''Faraea fragrans'') featured on the reverse of the [[Singaporean five-dollar bill]] at Lawn E, Singapore Botanic Gardens
File:DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg|''[[Dendrobium]] [[Margaret Thatcher]]''
File:Bromeliad200.jpg|The Yuen-Peng McNeice Bromeliad Collection
File:DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg|''Dendrobium [[Bae Yong-joon]]'', an orchid cultivar named after the South Korean actor
File:VandaMissJoaquim.jpg|[[Vanda Miss Joaquim]], the national flower of Singapore
File:Cygnus Atratus Singapore.jpg|[[Cygnus atratus]] in the Eco-Lake
File:SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg|The Sun Garden (formerly known as the Sun Rockery)
File:FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg|''Flight of Swans'' sculpture installed in May 2006 at Swan Lake
File:BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg|The Botany Centre Blocks, with a view of ''[[Calophyllum inophyllum]]'' and one of the wooden sculptures dotted around the complex.
File:Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg|Orchids
File:Ginger in Singapore3.jpg|Ginger
File:Girl on a Swing (1984) by Sydney Harpley, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20060815.jpg|''Girl on a Swing ''(1984), a bronze statue by British sculptor [[Sydney Harpley]]
File:Burkill Hall in Singapore Botanic Gardens.jpg|Burkill Hall
File:Singapore Botanic Gardens 2012 2 483.jpg|The Frangipani Collection
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Botanic Gardens MRT station]]
* [[Napier MRT station]]
* [[List of botanical gardens]]
* [[List of parks in Singapore]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Singapore]]
* [[Tourism in Singapore]]
==References==
{{reflist|2|refs=}}
* {{cite journal |first1=Thomas |last=Zumbroich |last2=Yue Wah Chay |year=2004 |url=https://www.sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_56_1_2_pdf_Vol_56_Part1_2_2004/4.4.56.1-2.01_y2004_V56_P1_P2_GBS_pg.1.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |title=Singapore's First Spice Plantation and Botanic Garden 1819–1859 |journal=The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore |volume=56 |issue=1 & 2 |pages=1–28}}
* National Heritage Board (2002), ''Singapore's 100 Historic Places'', Archipelago Press, {{ISBN|981-4068-23-3}}.
* Singapore Botanic Gardens (1989), ''Visions of Delight: The Singapore Botanic Gardens through the ages'', by Bonnie Tinsley, Tien Wah Press, Singapore, {{ISBN|9971882035}}.
==External links==
{{commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180601100123/http://www.sbg.org.sg/ Singapore Botanic Gardens – Official site]
* [https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/parks-and-nature-reserves/jacob-ballas-childrens-garden Jacob Ballas Children's Garden]
* [https://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_visitorsguide&task=parks&id=33&Itemid=73 National Parks Board website]
* {{Osmway |47257476}}
{{Major Tourist Attractions in Singapore|state=expanded}}
{{Parks in Singapore}}
[[Category:1859 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:Botanical gardens in Singapore]]
[[Category:Parks in Singapore]]
[[Category:Tanglin]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Singapore]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Singapore]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|158-year-old tropical garden located in Singapore}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Singapore Botanic Gardens
| native_name = {{small|{{nobold|{{native name|ms|Kebun Bunga Singapura}}<br />{{native name|zh|新加坡植物园|italics=off}}<br />{{native name|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் தாவரவியல் பூங்கா|italics=off}}<!--end nobold:-->}}}}
| photo = Symphony Lake, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20041025.jpg
| photo_width = 300px
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = [[Symphony Lake, Singapore|Symphony Lake]]
| map =
| map_width =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Tanglin]], [[Central Region, Singapore|Central Region]], [[Singapore]]
| coords = {{coord|1.3151|103.8162|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|82|ha|2}}
| created = {{start date and age|df=yes|1859}}
| operator = [[National Parks Board|NParks]]
| visitation =
| open =
| publictransit = {{SMRT code 2I/C|CC|19|DT|9}} [[Botanic Gardens MRT station|Botanic Gardens]] (Bukit Timah Gate)<br>{{SMRT code|TE|12}} [[Napier MRT station|Napier]] (Tanglin Gate, ''from 2021'')
| embedded=
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|child = yes
|ID = 1483
|Year = 2015
|Criteria = Cultural: ii, iv
|Area = 49 ha
|Buffer_zone = 137 ha
}}
}}
{{History of Singapore}}
The '''Singapore Botanic Gardens''' is a {{age|1859}}-year-old tropical garden located at the fringe of [[Singapore]]'s [[Orchard Road]] shopping district. It is one of three gardens, and the only tropical garden, to be honoured as a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]. The Botanic Gardens has been ranked Asia's top park attraction since 2013, by [[TripAdvisor]] Travellers' Choice Awards. It was declared the inaugural ''Garden of the Year'', International Garden Tourism Awards in 2012, and received [[Michelin Guide|Michelin]]'s three-star rating in 2008.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens-clinches-prestigious-unesco-world-heritage-site-status |journal=[[The Straits Times]] |title=Singapore Botanic Gardens clinches prestigious Unesco World Heritage site status |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="sbg-trip">{{cite news |url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/relax/botanic-gardens-top-park-asia-tripadvisor |title=Botanic Gardens top park in Asia on Tripadvisor |date=20 June 2014 |quote=TripAdvisor Travellers' Choice Awards |work=The Straits Times }}</ref>
The Botanic Gardens was founded at its present site in 1859 by an agri-horticultural society. It played a pivotal role in the region's rubber trade boom in the early twentieth century, when its first scientific director [[Henry Nicholas Ridley]], headed research into the plant's cultivation. By perfecting the technique of rubber extraction, still in use today, and promoting its economic value to planters in the region, rubber output expanded rapidly. At its height in the 1920s, the [[Malayan peninsula]] cornered half of the global [[latex]] production.
The [[National Orchid Garden]], within the main gardens, is at the forefront of [[orchid]] studies and a pioneer in the cultivation of [[Hybrid (biology)#Hybrid plants|hybrids]], complementing the nation's status as a major exporter of cut orchids. Aided by the equatorial climate, it houses the largest orchid collection of 1,200 species and 2,000 hybrids.
Early in the nation's independence, Singapore Botanic Gardens' expertise helped to transform the island into a tropical ''Garden City'', an image and moniker for which the nation is widely known. In 1981, the hybrid climbing orchid, [[Vanda Miss Joaquim]], was chosen as the nation's national flower. Singapore's "orchid diplomacy" honours visiting head of states, dignitaries and celebrities, by naming its finest hybrids after them; these are displayed at its popular VIP Orchid Gardens.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/urban-haven |title=Urban Haven |date=5 July 2015 |work=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref name="st-dip">{{cite news |url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20111111-310102.html |title=Orchid diplomacy |date=11 November 2011 |publisher=Tabla |access-date=9 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117213947/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20111111-310102.html |archive-date=17 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Singapore's Botanic Gardens is opened from 5 a.m. to 12 midnight daily. There is no admission fee, except for the [[National Orchid Garden]]. More than 10,000 species of flora are spread over its 82-hectares area, which is stretched vertically; the longest distance between the northern and southern ends is {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The Botanic Gardens receives about 4.5 million visitors annually.
==History==
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens logo.jpg|left|thumb|Singapore Botanic Gardens logo, ''[[Cyrtostachys]]'' [[Arecaceae|palm]] ]]
The first "Botanical and Experimental Garden" in Singapore was established in 1822 on Government Hill at [[Fort Canning]] by Sir [[Stamford Raffles]], the founder of modern Singapore and a keen [[natural history|naturalist]]. The Garden's main task was to evaluate for [[Plant cultivation|cultivation]] [[crops]] which were of potential economic importance including those yielding fruits, vegetables, spices and other raw materials. This first Garden closed in 1829.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19140119-1.2.3.aspx|title=Singapore First Botanical Gardens|date=19 January 1914|newspaper=The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942)|page=1|access-date=6 April 2016}}</ref>
It was not until 30 years later that the present Singapore Botanic Gardens began in 1859, when the Singapore Agri-horticultural Society was granted 32 hectares of land in Tanglin by the colonial government, which had obtained it from the merchant [[Hoo Ah Kay]], known as Whampoa, in exchange for land at [[Boat Quay]].
=== 1859–1876 ===
The new gardens started off functioning primarily as a “pleasure park” for the society’s members. Lawrence Niven was hired as superintendent and [[landscape design]]er to turn what were essentially overgrown plantations and a tangle of [[Primary Rainforest|virgin ranforest]] into a [[public park]]. He and his team worked on developing the Gardens to reflect the styles of the English Landscape Garden Movement. This included a series of “interconnecting pathways and promenades, a levelled parade area for military bands to play music... and the establishment of ornamental planting”.<ref>Chris Blandford Associates. (2014, January). Singapore Botanic Gardens – Candidate World Heritage Site Nomination Dossier.</ref> The layout of the Gardens as it is today is largely based on Niven's design. In 1866 the Gardens expanded in the Northwest direction of about 12 hectares. There was the excavation of Swan Lake in 1866. In 1868, the Burkill Hall is completed. The Singapore Agri-horticultural Society ran out of funds, which led to the colonial government taking over the management of the gardens in 1874.
Fuck
=== 1920s–1985 ===
Another achievement was the pioneering of [[Orchidaceae|orchid]] [[hybrid (biology)|hybridisation]] by Professor [[Richard Eric Holttum|Eric Holttum]], director of the Gardens from 1925 to 1949. His techniques led to Singapore being one of the world's top centres of commercial orchid growing. Today, it has the largest collection of tropical plant specimens.
During the [[Japanese occupation of Singapore]] from 1942 to 1945, Hidezo Tanakadate (田中館秀三), a professor of geology from [[Tohoku Imperial University]], learned of the possibility that the Gardens and Museum might be looted due to the occupation, and negotiated directly with general [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] to gain control of the Singapore Botanic Gardens and the [[National Museum of Singapore|Raffles Museum]]. At the beginning of the occupation, he ensured that no looting occurred in the Gardens and the Museum. Both institutions continued to function as scientific institutions. [[Richard Eric Holttum|Holttum]] and [[Edred John Henry Corner]] were interned in the Gardens and instructed to continue their horticultural work. The Japanese government and army were unwilling to fund the institutions, however, and Tanakadate had to pay for maintenance and staff salaries from his own pocket. The Gardens was also renamed as Shōnan Botanic Gardens ({{lang|ja|昭南植物園}}). Tanaka returned to Japan in July 1943, and [[:ja:郡場寛|Dr. Kwan Koriba (郡場寛)]], a retired professor of botany from the [[Kyoto Imperial University]] and secretary-general of the Imperial Japanese Army's Malayan military administration department's general affairs department, was appointed director to the Gardens and Museum, posts he held until the end of the war.<ref>{{Cite web|title = シンガポール植物園を守った日本人|url = https://washimo-web.jp/Report/Mag-Botanic.htm|website = washimo-web.jp|accessdate = 6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = シンガポール植物園を守った日本人|url = https://washimo-web.jp/Report/Mag-Botanic.htm|website = washimo-web.jp|accessdate = 6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>[[戸川幸夫]]『昭南島物語』下（讀賣新聞社、[[1990年]]）</ref>
After the war ended, the Gardens was handed back to the control of the British in September 1945, and Koriba was made a prisoner of war. Corner negotiated for Koriba's release with the British command, citing his contributions to protecting the Gardens, but he chose to remain in custody alongside his countrymen until his release in January 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|title = シンガポール植物園を守った日本人|url = https://washimo-web.jp/Report/Mag-Botanic.htm|website = washimo-web.jp|accessdate = 6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>[[戸川幸夫]]『昭南島物語』下、p.288（讀賣新聞社、[[1990年]]）</ref> [[M R Henderson|Murray Ross Henderson]], curator of the Herbarium before the war, succeeded Holttum as director from 1949 to 1954. Eventually the Gardens played an important role during the "greening Singapore" campaign and Garden City campaign during the early independence years.
=== 1986–present===
The Singapore Botanic Gardens was put under the charge of the National Parks Board. The Gardens was revitalised with new and improved public amenities, research facilities and training facilities (1990–2005). Here, the focus is on Garden City Vision, Horticulture, Taxonomic + Biodiversity Research, Recreation and Education.
A "Tyersall extension" to the Gardens was announced in 2009. A total of 18 hectares of land was added in expanding the Gardens by almost four times its original size in 1859. Known as the Gardens' Learning Forest when fully complete in 2018, the extensions included a Forest Conservation Interpretive Centre and a Natural History Art Gallery, housed in colonial buildings more than a century old. The Learning Forest showcases the best of tropical trees that grow under local conditions and strengthen the Botanic Gardens' position as a premier institute for research, conservation and education. Visitors are able to appreciate this unique collection of trees and plants through various thematic walks within the Learning Forest featuring giant trees, trees with interesting forms and barks of various textures, a conservation collection of rare fruit and nut species and a bamboo garden.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Sunday Times – Botanic Gardens to keep on growing|url=http://www.gov.sg/news/content/botanic-gardens-to-keep-on-growing|publisher=Government of Singapore|accessdate=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125025902/http://www.gov.sg/news/content/botanic-gardens-to-keep-on-growing|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also included is a flood protection scheme for the main shopping district of Orchard Road and its surroundings and a water detention pond with capacity to hold excess storm-water of about 15 Olympic-size pools.<ref>{{Cite web|title = wildsingapore news: Work to start on extension to Botanic Gardens|url = http://wildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg/2013/03/work-to-start-on-extension-to-botanic.html|website = wildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg|accessdate = 8 August 2015}}</ref>
==Attractions==
[[File:Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg|thumb|Orchids in the [[National Orchid Garden]]]]
The garden is bordered by Holland Road and Napier Road to the south, Cluny Road to the east, Tyersall Avenue and Cluny Park Road to the west and [[Bukit Timah Road]] to the north. The linear distance between the northern and southern ends is around {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}. There are a number of entrances at different zones of the gardens, though the Tanglin Gate facing Holland Road in the south is the grand entrance.
===National Orchid Garden===
[[File:Phalaenopsis philippinensis NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg|thumb|left|''Phalaenopsis philippinensis'' orchid growing in a mist house]]
The National Orchid Garden is the main attraction within the Botanic Gardens. Located on the mid-western side of the Garden, the hilly three-hectare site has a collection of more than 1,000 species and 2,000 hybrids of orchids.
Within the Orchid Garden there are a number of attractions such as the following -
'''Burkill Hall''': Burkill Hall is a colonial plantation bungalow built in 1886. It used to be the director's house and was named in honour of the only father and son pair to hold the post of Director of Singapore Botanic Gardens, [[I. H. Burkill|Isaac]] and [[Humphrey Burkill]]. The ground level serves as an exhibition area, showcasing information on the different hybrids named after VIPs who have visited the garden.
'''VIP Orchid Garden''': located at the back of Burkill Hall, displays hybrids of the most popular VIP orchids. Notable ones include ''[[Dendrobium]] Memoria'' [[Princess Diana]], ''Dendrobium'' [[Margaret Thatcher]], ''[[Renantanda]]'' [[Akihito]], ''Dendrobium'' [[Crown Princess Masako|Masako Kotaishi Hidenka]], ''Dendrobium'' [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth]] and ''[[Vanda]]'' [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]]. More than 100 celebrities, dignitaries and visiting heads of states have been honoured by Singapore's ''orchid diplomacy'' program.
'''Orchidarium''': A haven for serious orchids enthusiasts, the Orchidarium houses natural species in a tropical setting.
'''Tan Hoon Siang Misthouse''': Tan Hoon Siang was a descendant of [[Tan Tock Seng]], who was a philanthropist and founder of the [[Tan Tock Seng Hospital]]. The misthouse contains a colourful collection of different hybrids. It also has a small collection of fragrant orchids like ''Vanda'' Mimi Palmer.
'''Lady Yuen-Peng McNeice Bromeliad House''': Named in honour of its sponsor, the Bromeliad House showcases plants from the family [[Bromeliaceae]], which includes the pineapple. The unique collection of bromeliads on display was acquired from Shelldance Nursery in the United States in 1994.
'''Coolhouse''': The Coolhouse tries to recreate the environment of a tropical highland forest and showcases orchids that are normally only found in the tropical highland areas.
===Rainforest===
The Singapore Botanic Gardens has a small [[tropical rainforest]] of around six hectares in size, which is older than the gardens itself. The rainforest and its bigger cousin at the [[Bukit Timah Nature Reserve]] are located within the Singapore's city limits. Singapore is one of the only two major cities with a tropical rainforest within its city limits, the other being [[Tijuca Forest]] in Rio de Janeiro.
===Ginger Garden===
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens waterfall.jpg|thumb|A waterfall in the Ginger Gardens]]
Located next to the National Orchid Garden, this one-hectare garden brings together members of the family [[Zingiberaceae]]. The garden houses a restaurant called the Halia Restaurant. There is also a drop-off point along Tyersall Avenue as well as a waterfall. The garden was officially opened in 2003 and it took over the spot vacated by the previous Orchid Enclosure.
===Botany Centre and Tanglin Gate===
[[File:GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg|thumb|left|Singapore's first "green roof" at the Green Pavilion]]
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens 7, Jul 06.JPG|thumb|Office Building (Botany Hall 1) at the redeveloped Tanglin Core]]
The two new blocks of offices and classroom in the upgraded Tanglin Core area are known as the Botany Centre. They house the:
* Library of Botany and Horticulture (including the Public Reference Centre);
* the Singapore Herbarium (International acronym: Herb. SING), housing 750,000 specimens;<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore Botanic Gardens Herbarium|url=https://www.sbg.org.sg/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=47&Itemid=64|website=www.sbg.org.sg|accessdate=10 March 2018}}</ref>
* Orchid Breeding and Micropropagation; and
* education outreach and workshop classrooms.
[[File:SaracaStream.JPG|thumb|One of the newer attractions is the Saraca Stream in the Tanglin Core area]]
The corridors and walkways of the Botany Centre are covered by leaf imprints. There are also a number of wooden carvings scattered around the grounds and fern-covered vertical walls.
The Green Pavilion is the first "green roof" in Singapore. Weed and grass-like plants fully cover the pitched roof. It houses the visitor services desk as well as a café called Food For Thought in the basement.
The offices of former directors, namely Holttum Hall (after Eric Holttum, Director of the Gardens from 1925 to 1949) and Ridley Hall (after Henry Nicholas Ridley, first director of Gardens from 1888 to 1911) were preserved and now known as the Singapore Botanic Gardens' Heritage Museum and Ridley Hall (a function space).
===Jacob Ballas Children's Garden===
The Children's Garden was named after its main donor Jacob Ballas, a Jewish-Singaporean philanthropist who died in 2004.
Built at a cost of [[Singapore dollar|S$]]7 million (of which $99 million was donated by the Jacob Ballas Trust and sponsors), it is located at the quieter northern end of the Botanic Gardens. It has its own visitor centre with a café. It opened on Children's Day, 1 October 2007. The [[National Parks Board]] claims it is Asia's first children's garden. There are play areas like the Water Play area, a small playground, tree-houses with slides, and a maze. There are also interactive exhibits that teach how [[photosynthesis]] takes place, and a mini-garden that showcases how plants may be used to make dyes, beverages or as herbs.
At the Children's Garden Visitor Centre there is a sculpture by the Israeli artist Zodok Ben-David. Named ''Mystree'', it was commissioned by the [[Yad Vashem]] museum in 2010. From a distance, the sculpture looks like a tree but a closer inspection reveals 500 human figures.
Although it is considered part of the Botanic Gardens, the Children's Garden has its own entrance along Bukit Timah Road existing as a separate enclosure.
===Other attractions===
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens Palm Valley.jpg|thumb|left|The lush lawns of Palm Valley are a popular spot for [[picnic]]s and outdoor concerts]]
Tropical plants line the bank of the Saraca Stream as it meanders its way down a small hill. The main highlights of the stream walk are the Yellow [[Saraca]] trees (''Saraca cauliflora'') and Red Saraca (''[[Saraca declinata]]''). Other attractions include the Palm Valley, Bandstand area, Sun Garden and Sundial Garden.
[[File:Singapore Symphony Orchestra - Concert in Park.jpg|thumb|SSO Concert at the Singapore Botanic Gardens]]
[[File:2016 Singapur, Ogrody botaniczne (255).jpg|thumb|[[Chopin]] monument, just south of [[Symphony Lake (Singapore)|Symphony Lake]]]]
The Botanic Gardens has three lakes, namely [[Symphony Lake, Singapore|Symphony Lake]], Eco-Lake and [[Swan Lake, Singapore|Swan Lake]]. The Shaw Foundation Symphony Stage on Symphony Lake occasionally has free concerts on weekends. Notable performers include the [[Singapore Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Singapore Chinese Orchestra]]. On 10 October 2008,<ref name=PolishEmbassy2008>{{citation |date=5 October 2008 |title=The Unveiling Ceremony of a Monument to Frederic Chopin & Inaugural Concert by NAFA Orchestra |url=http://www.singapore.polemb.net/?document=264 |publisher=The Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Singapore |accessdate=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626074541/http://www.singapore.polemb.net/?document=264 |archivedate=26 June 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> a statue of the composer [[Frédéric Chopin]] was unveiled just south of Symphony Lake.
The headquarters of the National Parks Board is located within the grounds of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Eateries within the garden include the [[Michelin Guide|one-Michelin-starred]] Corner House,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/food/singapores-michelin-starred-restaurants-a-listing|title=Singapore's Michelin-starred restaurants: All you need to know|website=[[The Straits Times]]|date=21 July 2016}}</ref> a casual fine-dining restaurant in a colonial bungalow; Casa Verde, a café at the Visitor Centre; and Halia Restaurant, a restaurant at the Ginger Garden. There are also gift shops for visitors. Singapore's national agency in biodiversity-related issues, the [[National Biodiversity Centre]], is also located within the grounds of the gardens.
==UNESCO==
[[File:Singapore Botanic Gardens, Evolution Garden 22, Sep 06.JPG|thumb|Replica of the ancient ''[[Lepidodendron]]s'' or giant [[clubmoss]]es at the Evolution Garden]]
An official application for Singapore Botanic Gardens to be listed as a World Heritage Site was submitted to UNESCO in January 2014. The bid underlines the gardens' historical and cultural significance and its achievements in conservation and research. A 700-page nomination dossier was compiled and written up over one-and-a-half years, led by the [[National Heritage Board (Singapore)|National Heritage Board]]'s (NHB) preservation of sites and monuments division and the Botanic Gardens director, Dr Nigel Taylor, who was also involved in the [[Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew]]'s own UNESCO bid from 2000 to 2003.
As part of the process, the dossier had to seek the assessment of the [[International Council on Monuments and Sites]] (ICOMOS), a separate professional association. On 16 May 2015, ICOMOS's panel of experts backed the inscription without reservation – the best recommendation possible, stating:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/unesco-title-plants-singapore-firmly-world-map |title=Unesco title plants Singapore firmly on world map |date=5 July 2015 |quote=null |work=The Straits Times}}</ref>
:{{Quotation |the Gardens demonstrates the evolution of a British tropical colonial garden into a modern and world-class botanic garden, scientific institution and place of conservation and education.}}
On 4 July that year, in [[Bonn]], the 39th session of the World Heritage Committee deliberated Singapore's submission, and all 21 members endorsed it.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens-clinches-prestigious-unesco-world-heritage-site-status |journal=[[The Straits Times]] |title=Singapore Botanic Gardens clinches prestigious Unesco World Heritage site status |author=Melody Zaccheus |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/mobile/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens/1960028.html |title= Singapore Botanic Gardens declared UNESCO World Heritage Site|date=4 July 2015 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref>
Dr Taylor recalled the unanimous vote:
<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/unesco-nomination-dossier/1963228.html |title=UNESCO nomination dossier a labour of love since 2010 – Channel NewsAsia |date=6 July 2015 |quote=null |publisher=Channel NewsAsia }}</ref>
:{{Quotation |It was extraordinary, one of the longest salutations I've heard ... and every single member of the committee had something important to say and some had a lot to say in favour of the inscription.}}
Singapore Botanic Gardens is the first tropical, and only the third botanic gardens on the UNESCO World Heritage listing. The honour was widely noted as a fitting tribute to the nation's 50th year of independence.
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:$5 tree.JPG| The [[Tembusu]] tree (''Faraea fragrans'') featured on the reverse of the [[Singaporean five-dollar bill]] at Lawn E, Singapore Botanic Gardens
File:DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg|''[[Dendrobium]] [[Margaret Thatcher]]''
File:Bromeliad200.jpg|The Yuen-Peng McNeice Bromeliad Collection
File:DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg|''Dendrobium [[Bae Yong-joon]]'', an orchid cultivar named after the South Korean actor
File:VandaMissJoaquim.jpg|[[Vanda Miss Joaquim]], the national flower of Singapore
File:Cygnus Atratus Singapore.jpg|[[Cygnus atratus]] in the Eco-Lake
File:SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg|The Sun Garden (formerly known as the Sun Rockery)
File:FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg|''Flight of Swans'' sculpture installed in May 2006 at Swan Lake
File:BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg|The Botany Centre Blocks, with a view of ''[[Calophyllum inophyllum]]'' and one of the wooden sculptures dotted around the complex.
File:Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg|Orchids
File:Ginger in Singapore3.jpg|Ginger
File:Girl on a Swing (1984) by Sydney Harpley, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20060815.jpg|''Girl on a Swing ''(1984), a bronze statue by British sculptor [[Sydney Harpley]]
File:Burkill Hall in Singapore Botanic Gardens.jpg|Burkill Hall
File:Singapore Botanic Gardens 2012 2 483.jpg|The Frangipani Collection
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Botanic Gardens MRT station]]
* [[Napier MRT station]]
* [[List of botanical gardens]]
* [[List of parks in Singapore]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Singapore]]
* [[Tourism in Singapore]]
==References==
{{reflist|2|refs=}}
* {{cite journal |first1=Thomas |last=Zumbroich |last2=Yue Wah Chay |year=2004 |url=https://www.sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_56_1_2_pdf_Vol_56_Part1_2_2004/4.4.56.1-2.01_y2004_V56_P1_P2_GBS_pg.1.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |title=Singapore's First Spice Plantation and Botanic Garden 1819–1859 |journal=The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore |volume=56 |issue=1 & 2 |pages=1–28}}
* National Heritage Board (2002), ''Singapore's 100 Historic Places'', Archipelago Press, {{ISBN|981-4068-23-3}}.
* Singapore Botanic Gardens (1989), ''Visions of Delight: The Singapore Botanic Gardens through the ages'', by Bonnie Tinsley, Tien Wah Press, Singapore, {{ISBN|9971882035}}.
==External links==
{{commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180601100123/http://www.sbg.org.sg/ Singapore Botanic Gardens – Official site]
* [https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/parks-and-nature-reserves/jacob-ballas-childrens-garden Jacob Ballas Children's Garden]
* [https://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_visitorsguide&task=parks&id=33&Itemid=73 National Parks Board website]
* {{Osmway |47257476}}
{{Major Tourist Attractions in Singapore|state=expanded}}
{{Parks in Singapore}}
[[Category:1859 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:Botanical gardens in Singapore]]
[[Category:Parks in Singapore]]
[[Category:Tanglin]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Singapore]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Singapore]]' |
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<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #abdb75; line-height: 140%;">Singapore Botanic Gardens</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: 110%"><span class="nickname"><span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i lang="ms" title="Malay language text">Kebun Bunga Singapura</i>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>)</span><br /><span lang="zh" style="font-style:normal;" title="Chinese language text">新加坡植物园</span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</span><br /><span lang="ta" style="font-style:normal;" title="Tamil language text">சிங்கப்பூர் தாவரவியல் பூங்கா</span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>)</span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Symphony_Lake,_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20041025.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Symphony Lake, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20041025.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Symphony_Lake%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20041025.jpg/300px-Symphony_Lake%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20041025.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Symphony_Lake%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20041025.jpg/450px-Symphony_Lake%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20041025.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Symphony_Lake%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20041025.jpg/600px-Symphony_Lake%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20041025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972" /></a><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Symphony_Lake,_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony Lake, Singapore">Symphony Lake</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw="interface" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_db47cfa8a71d64cf364b9f5cedd648d584fe2e0b"]" href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:Map/12/a/a/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Singapore+Botanic+Gardens&groups=_db47cfa8a71d64cf364b9f5cedd648d584fe2e0b" alt="" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Singapore+Botanic+Gardens&groups=_db47cfa8a71d64cf364b9f5cedd648d584fe2e0b 2x" /></a></td></tr><tr class="label"><th scope="row">Location</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tanglin" title="Tanglin">Tanglin</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Region,_Singapore" title="Central Region, Singapore">Central Region</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&params=1.3151_N_103.8162_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°18′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">103°48′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.3151°N 103.8162°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.3151; 103.8162</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&params=1.3151_N_103.8162_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°18′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">103°48′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.3151°N 103.8162°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.3151; 103.8162</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row">Area</th><td>82 hectares (202.63 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Created</th><td>1859<span class="noprint">; 161 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1859</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row">Operated by</th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Parks_Board" title="National Parks Board">NParks</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Public transit access</th><td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:18px;border-radius: 9px 0px 0px 9px;background-color:#fa9e0d;"><span style="color: #ffffff"><b> CC19</b> </span></span><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:18px;border-radius: 0px 9px 9px 0px;background-color:#005ec4;"><span style="color: #ffffff"><b> DT9</b> </span></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Botanic_Gardens_MRT_station" title="Botanic Gardens MRT station">Botanic Gardens</a> (Bukit Timah Gate)<br /><span style="background-color:#9D5B25;display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:18px;border-radius: 9px 9px 9px 9px;color:#ffffff"><b> TE12</b> </span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napier_MRT_station" title="Napier MRT station">Napier</a> (Tanglin Gate, <i>from 2021</i>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="border:4px solid #FFE153; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;">
<a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1483">1483</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td>2015 (39th <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="category">49 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="category">137 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="vertical-navbox plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><div style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:70%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:History_of_Singapore" title="Category:History of Singapore"><b>a series</b></a> on the</div></th>
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<th class="vcard navbox-title" style="background: none; font-size: 145%;padding: 0.15em 0.1em;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Singapore" title="History of Singapore">History of <span class="fn org label">Singapore</span></a></th>
</tr><tr><td style="padding: 0.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg" class="image"><img alt="PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg/150px-PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="185" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg/225px-PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg/300px-PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="575" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Early_history_of_Singapore" title="Early history of Singapore">Early history</a> (pre-1819)</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 650–1377</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temasek" title="Temasek">Temasek</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long_Ya_Men" title="Long Ya Men">Long Ya Men</a>,<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ban_Zu" title="Ban Zu">Ban Zu</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> c.14th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingdom_of_Singapura" title="Kingdom of Singapura">Kingdom of Singapura</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1299–1398</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1400–1511</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1528-1819</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;">British colonial era (1819–1942)</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Founding_of_modern_Singapore" title="Founding of modern Singapore">Founding</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1819–1826</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1826–1867</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements#Crown_colony_(1867–1942)" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Crown colony</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1867–1942</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Japanese Occupation</a> (1942–1945)</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" title="Battle of Singapore">Battle of Singapore</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1942</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Post-war period</a> (1945–1962)</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Singapore#First_Legislative_Council_(1948–1951)" title="History of Singapore">First Legislative Council</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> <br />1948–1951</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Hertogh_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Hertogh riots">Maria Hertogh riots</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1950</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Singapore#Second_Legislative_Council_(1951–1955)" title="History of Singapore">Second Legislative Council</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> <br />1951–1955</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1954_National_Service_riots" title="1954 National Service riots">Anti-National Service Riots</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1954</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Self-governance_of_Singapore" title="Self-governance of Singapore">Internal self-government</a> (1955–1963)</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hock_Lee_bus_riots" title="Hock Lee bus riots">Hock Lee bus riots</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1955</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Merger with Malaysia</a> (1963–1965)</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1962_Singaporean_integration_referendum" title="1962 Singaporean integration referendum">Singaporean referendum</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1962</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Coldstore" title="Operation Coldstore">Operation Coldstore</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore" title="1964 race riots in Singapore">Race riots in Singapore</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MacDonald_House_bombing" title="MacDonald House bombing">MacDonald House bombing</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1965</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore" title="History of the Republic of Singapore">Republic of Singapore</a> (1965–present)</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">ASEAN</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1969_race_riots_of_Singapore" title="1969 race riots of Singapore">1969 race riots of Singapore</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southeast_Asian_haze" title="Southeast Asian haze">Singaporean haze crisis</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1972–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laju_incident" title="Laju incident">Laju incident</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1974</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Spectrum" title="Operation Spectrum">Operation Spectrum</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#Singapore" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1997</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_embassies_attack_plot" title="Singapore embassies attack plot">Embassies attack plot</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS outbreak</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">2003</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Asia" title="2009 swine flu pandemic in Asia">H1N1 pandemic</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">2009-2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Little_India_riot" title="2013 Little India riot">Little India riot</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">2013</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Coronavirus pandemic</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">2020–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>
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<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;">By topic</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><div class="hlist hlist-separated">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Singaporean_history" title="Timeline of Singaporean history">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_riots_in_Singapore" title="List of riots in Singapore">Riots</a></li></ul>
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<a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Singapore.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/16px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/24px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/32px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2880" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Singapore" title="Portal:Singapore">Singapore portal</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:History_of_Singapore" title="Template:History of Singapore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Singapore" title="Template talk:History of Singapore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Singapore&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Singapore Botanic Gardens</b> is a <span class="currentage"></span>161-year-old tropical garden located at the fringe of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchard_Road" title="Orchard Road">Orchard Road</a> shopping district. It is one of three gardens, and the only tropical garden, to be honoured as a UNESCO <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. The Botanic Gardens has been ranked Asia's top park attraction since 2013, by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/TripAdvisor" title="TripAdvisor">TripAdvisor</a> Travellers' Choice Awards. It was declared the inaugural <i>Garden of the Year</i>, International Garden Tourism Awards in 2012, and received <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin</a>'s three-star rating in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sbg-trip_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbg-trip-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Botanic Gardens was founded at its present site in 1859 by an agri-horticultural society. It played a pivotal role in the region's rubber trade boom in the early twentieth century, when its first scientific director <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Nicholas_Ridley" title="Henry Nicholas Ridley">Henry Nicholas Ridley</a>, headed research into the plant's cultivation. By perfecting the technique of rubber extraction, still in use today, and promoting its economic value to planters in the region, rubber output expanded rapidly. At its height in the 1920s, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malayan_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan peninsula">Malayan peninsula</a> cornered half of the global <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a> production.
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Orchid_Garden" title="National Orchid Garden">National Orchid Garden</a>, within the main gardens, is at the forefront of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchid">orchid</a> studies and a pioneer in the cultivation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)#Hybrid_plants" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a>, complementing the nation's status as a major exporter of cut orchids. Aided by the equatorial climate, it houses the largest orchid collection of 1,200 species and 2,000 hybrids.
</p><p>Early in the nation's independence, Singapore Botanic Gardens' expertise helped to transform the island into a tropical <i>Garden City</i>, an image and moniker for which the nation is widely known. In 1981, the hybrid climbing orchid, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanda_Miss_Joaquim" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanda Miss Joaquim">Vanda Miss Joaquim</a>, was chosen as the nation's national flower. Singapore's "orchid diplomacy" honours visiting head of states, dignitaries and celebrities, by naming its finest hybrids after them; these are displayed at its popular VIP Orchid Gardens.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-st-dip_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-st-dip-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Singapore's Botanic Gardens is opened from 5 a.m. to 12 midnight daily. There is no admission fee, except for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Orchid_Garden" title="National Orchid Garden">National Orchid Garden</a>. More than 10,000 species of flora are spread over its 82-hectares area, which is stretched vertically; the longest distance between the northern and southern ends is 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The Botanic Gardens receives about 4.5 million visitors annually.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#1859–1876"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">1859–1876</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#1920s–1985"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">1920s–1985</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#1986–present"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">1986–present</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Attractions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Attractions</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#National_Orchid_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">National Orchid Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Rainforest"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Rainforest</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ginger_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ginger Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Botany_Centre_and_Tanglin_Gate"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Botany Centre and Tanglin Gate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Jacob_Ballas_Children's_Garden"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Jacob Ballas Children's Garden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Other_attractions"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other attractions</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#UNESCO"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">UNESCO</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_logo.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/0/03/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="249" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_logo.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Singapore Botanic Gardens logo, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyrtostachys" title="Cyrtostachys">Cyrtostachys</a></i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palm</a></div></div></div>
<p>The first "Botanical and Experimental Garden" in Singapore was established in 1822 on Government Hill at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Canning" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Canning">Fort Canning</a> by Sir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Stamford Raffles</a>, the founder of modern Singapore and a keen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a>. The Garden's main task was to evaluate for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plant_cultivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant cultivation">cultivation</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Crops">crops</a> which were of potential economic importance including those yielding fruits, vegetables, spices and other raw materials. This first Garden closed in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>It was not until 30 years later that the present Singapore Botanic Gardens began in 1859, when the Singapore Agri-horticultural Society was granted 32 hectares of land in Tanglin by the colonial government, which had obtained it from the merchant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hoo_Ah_Kay" title="Hoo Ah Kay">Hoo Ah Kay</a>, known as Whampoa, in exchange for land at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boat_Quay" title="Boat Quay">Boat Quay</a>.
</p>
<h3><span id="1859.E2.80.931876"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1859–1876">1859–1876</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1859–1876">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The new gardens started off functioning primarily as a “pleasure park” for the society’s members. Lawrence Niven was hired as superintendent and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">landscape designer</a> to turn what were essentially overgrown plantations and a tangle of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Primary_Rainforest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Rainforest">virgin ranforest</a> into a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Public park">public park</a>. He and his team worked on developing the Gardens to reflect the styles of the English Landscape Garden Movement. This included a series of “interconnecting pathways and promenades, a levelled parade area for military bands to play music... and the establishment of ornamental planting”.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> The layout of the Gardens as it is today is largely based on Niven's design. In 1866 the Gardens expanded in the Northwest direction of about 12 hectares. There was the excavation of Swan Lake in 1866. In 1868, the Burkill Hall is completed. The Singapore Agri-horticultural Society ran out of funds, which led to the colonial government taking over the management of the gardens in 1874.
</p><p>Fuck
</p>
<h3><span id="1920s.E2.80.931985"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1920s–1985">1920s–1985</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1920s–1985">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Another achievement was the pioneering of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchidaceae" title="Orchidaceae">orchid</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridisation</a> by Professor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Eric_Holttum" title="Richard Eric Holttum">Eric Holttum</a>, director of the Gardens from 1925 to 1949. His techniques led to Singapore being one of the world's top centres of commercial orchid growing. Today, it has the largest collection of tropical plant specimens.
</p><p>During the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Japanese occupation of Singapore</a> from 1942 to 1945, Hidezo Tanakadate (田中館秀三), a professor of geology from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tohoku_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohoku Imperial University">Tohoku Imperial University</a>, learned of the possibility that the Gardens and Museum might be looted due to the occupation, and negotiated directly with general <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tomoyuki_Yamashita" title="Tomoyuki Yamashita">Tomoyuki Yamashita</a> to gain control of the Singapore Botanic Gardens and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Museum_of_Singapore" title="National Museum of Singapore">Raffles Museum</a>. At the beginning of the occupation, he ensured that no looting occurred in the Gardens and the Museum. Both institutions continued to function as scientific institutions. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Eric_Holttum" title="Richard Eric Holttum">Holttum</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edred_John_Henry_Corner" class="mw-redirect" title="Edred John Henry Corner">Edred John Henry Corner</a> were interned in the Gardens and instructed to continue their horticultural work. The Japanese government and army were unwilling to fund the institutions, however, and Tanakadate had to pay for maintenance and staff salaries from his own pocket. The Gardens was also renamed as Shōnan Botanic Gardens (<span lang="ja" title="Japanese language text">昭南植物園</span>). Tanaka returned to Japan in July 1943, and <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A1%E5%A0%B4%E5%AF%9B" class="extiw" title="ja:郡場寛">Dr. Kwan Koriba (郡場寛)</a>, a retired professor of botany from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kyoto_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyoto Imperial University">Kyoto Imperial University</a> and secretary-general of the Imperial Japanese Army's Malayan military administration department's general affairs department, was appointed director to the Gardens and Museum, posts he held until the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the war ended, the Gardens was handed back to the control of the British in September 1945, and Koriba was made a prisoner of war. Corner negotiated for Koriba's release with the British command, citing his contributions to protecting the Gardens, but he chose to remain in custody alongside his countrymen until his release in January 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/M_R_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="M R Henderson">Murray Ross Henderson</a>, curator of the Herbarium before the war, succeeded Holttum as director from 1949 to 1954. Eventually the Gardens played an important role during the "greening Singapore" campaign and Garden City campaign during the early independence years.
</p>
<h3><span id="1986.E2.80.93present"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1986–present">1986–present</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1986–present">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The Singapore Botanic Gardens was put under the charge of the National Parks Board. The Gardens was revitalised with new and improved public amenities, research facilities and training facilities (1990–2005). Here, the focus is on Garden City Vision, Horticulture, Taxonomic + Biodiversity Research, Recreation and Education.
</p><p>A "Tyersall extension" to the Gardens was announced in 2009. A total of 18 hectares of land was added in expanding the Gardens by almost four times its original size in 1859. Known as the Gardens' Learning Forest when fully complete in 2018, the extensions included a Forest Conservation Interpretive Centre and a Natural History Art Gallery, housed in colonial buildings more than a century old. The Learning Forest showcases the best of tropical trees that grow under local conditions and strengthen the Botanic Gardens' position as a premier institute for research, conservation and education. Visitors are able to appreciate this unique collection of trees and plants through various thematic walks within the Learning Forest featuring giant trees, trees with interesting forms and barks of various textures, a conservation collection of rare fruit and nut species and a bamboo garden.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> Also included is a flood protection scheme for the main shopping district of Orchard Road and its surroundings and a water detention pond with capacity to hold excess storm-water of about 15 Olympic-size pools.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Attractions">Attractions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Attractions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg/220px-Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg/330px-Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg/440px-Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="2088" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Orchids-NationalOrchidGarden-20041025.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Orchids in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Orchid_Garden" title="National Orchid Garden">National Orchid Garden</a></div></div></div>
<p>The garden is bordered by Holland Road and Napier Road to the south, Cluny Road to the east, Tyersall Avenue and Cluny Park Road to the west and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Timah_Road" title="Bukit Timah Road">Bukit Timah Road</a> to the north. The linear distance between the northern and southern ends is around 2.5 km (1.6 mi). There are a number of entrances at different zones of the gardens, though the Tanglin Gate facing Holland Road in the south is the grand entrance.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="National_Orchid_Garden">National Orchid Garden</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National Orchid Garden">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg/220px-Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg/330px-Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg/440px-Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Phalaenopsis_philippinensis_NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Phalaenopsis philippinensis</i> orchid growing in a mist house</div></div></div>
<p>The National Orchid Garden is the main attraction within the Botanic Gardens. Located on the mid-western side of the Garden, the hilly three-hectare site has a collection of more than 1,000 species and 2,000 hybrids of orchids.
</p><p>Within the Orchid Garden there are a number of attractions such as the following -
</p><p><b>Burkill Hall</b>: Burkill Hall is a colonial plantation bungalow built in 1886. It used to be the director's house and was named in honour of the only father and son pair to hold the post of Director of Singapore Botanic Gardens, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/I._H._Burkill" class="mw-redirect" title="I. H. Burkill">Isaac</a> and <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Humphrey_Burkill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humphrey Burkill (page does not exist)">Humphrey Burkill</a>. The ground level serves as an exhibition area, showcasing information on the different hybrids named after VIPs who have visited the garden.
</p><p><b>VIP Orchid Garden</b>: located at the back of Burkill Hall, displays hybrids of the most popular VIP orchids. Notable ones include <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dendrobium" title="Dendrobium">Dendrobium</a> Memoria</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Princess_Diana" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Diana">Princess Diana</a>, <i>Dendrobium</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Renantanda" title="Renantanda">Renantanda</a></i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a>, <i>Dendrobium</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crown_Princess_Masako" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Princess Masako">Masako Kotaishi Hidenka</a>, <i>Dendrobium</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth</a> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanda" title="Vanda">Vanda</a></i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a>. More than 100 celebrities, dignitaries and visiting heads of states have been honoured by Singapore's <i>orchid diplomacy</i> program.
</p><p><b>Orchidarium</b>: A haven for serious orchids enthusiasts, the Orchidarium houses natural species in a tropical setting.
</p><p><b>Tan Hoon Siang Misthouse</b>: Tan Hoon Siang was a descendant of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Tock_Seng" title="Tan Tock Seng">Tan Tock Seng</a>, who was a philanthropist and founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Tock_Seng_Hospital" title="Tan Tock Seng Hospital">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</a>. The misthouse contains a colourful collection of different hybrids. It also has a small collection of fragrant orchids like <i>Vanda</i> Mimi Palmer.
</p><p><b>Lady Yuen-Peng McNeice Bromeliad House</b>: Named in honour of its sponsor, the Bromeliad House showcases plants from the family <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a>, which includes the pineapple. The unique collection of bromeliads on display was acquired from Shelldance Nursery in the United States in 1994.
</p><p><b>Coolhouse</b>: The Coolhouse tries to recreate the environment of a tropical highland forest and showcases orchids that are normally only found in the tropical highland areas.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Rainforest">Rainforest</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rainforest">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The Singapore Botanic Gardens has a small <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> of around six hectares in size, which is older than the gardens itself. The rainforest and its bigger cousin at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Timah_Nature_Reserve" title="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a> are located within the Singapore's city limits. Singapore is one of the only two major cities with a tropical rainforest within its city limits, the other being <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tijuca_Forest" title="Tijuca Forest">Tijuca Forest</a> in Rio de Janeiro.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ginger_Garden">Ginger Garden</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ginger Garden">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg/220px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg/330px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg/440px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_waterfall.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A waterfall in the Ginger Gardens</div></div></div>
<p>Located next to the National Orchid Garden, this one-hectare garden brings together members of the family <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a>. The garden houses a restaurant called the Halia Restaurant. There is also a drop-off point along Tyersall Avenue as well as a waterfall. The garden was officially opened in 2003 and it took over the spot vacated by the previous Orchid Enclosure.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Botany_Centre_and_Tanglin_Gate">Botany Centre and Tanglin Gate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Botany Centre and Tanglin Gate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/220px-GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/330px-GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/440px-GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:GreenRoof-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Singapore's first "green roof" at the Green Pavilion</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7,_Jul_06.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7%2C_Jul_06.JPG/220px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7%2C_Jul_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7%2C_Jul_06.JPG/330px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7%2C_Jul_06.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7%2C_Jul_06.JPG/440px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7%2C_Jul_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_7,_Jul_06.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Office Building (Botany Hall 1) at the redeveloped Tanglin Core</div></div></div>
<p>The two new blocks of offices and classroom in the upgraded Tanglin Core area are known as the Botany Centre. They house the:
</p>
<ul><li>Library of Botany and Horticulture (including the Public Reference Centre);</li>
<li>the Singapore Herbarium (International acronym: Herb. SING), housing 750,000 specimens;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li>Orchid Breeding and Micropropagation; and</li>
<li>education outreach and workshop classrooms.</li></ul>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:SaracaStream.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SaracaStream.JPG/220px-SaracaStream.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SaracaStream.JPG/330px-SaracaStream.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/SaracaStream.JPG/440px-SaracaStream.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:SaracaStream.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>One of the newer attractions is the Saraca Stream in the Tanglin Core area</div></div></div>
<p>The corridors and walkways of the Botany Centre are covered by leaf imprints. There are also a number of wooden carvings scattered around the grounds and fern-covered vertical walls.
</p><p>The Green Pavilion is the first "green roof" in Singapore. Weed and grass-like plants fully cover the pitched roof. It houses the visitor services desk as well as a café called Food For Thought in the basement.
</p><p>The offices of former directors, namely Holttum Hall (after Eric Holttum, Director of the Gardens from 1925 to 1949) and Ridley Hall (after Henry Nicholas Ridley, first director of Gardens from 1888 to 1911) were preserved and now known as the Singapore Botanic Gardens' Heritage Museum and Ridley Hall (a function space).
</p>
<h3><span id="Jacob_Ballas_Children.27s_Garden"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Jacob_Ballas_Children's_Garden">Jacob Ballas Children's Garden</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Jacob Ballas Children's Garden">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The Children's Garden was named after its main donor Jacob Ballas, a Jewish-Singaporean philanthropist who died in 2004.
</p><p>Built at a cost of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">S$</a>7 million (of which $99 million was donated by the Jacob Ballas Trust and sponsors), it is located at the quieter northern end of the Botanic Gardens. It has its own visitor centre with a café. It opened on Children's Day, 1 October 2007. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Parks_Board" title="National Parks Board">National Parks Board</a> claims it is Asia's first children's garden. There are play areas like the Water Play area, a small playground, tree-houses with slides, and a maze. There are also interactive exhibits that teach how <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a> takes place, and a mini-garden that showcases how plants may be used to make dyes, beverages or as herbs.
</p><p>At the Children's Garden Visitor Centre there is a sculpture by the Israeli artist Zodok Ben-David. Named <i>Mystree</i>, it was commissioned by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a> museum in 2010. From a distance, the sculpture looks like a tree but a closer inspection reveals 500 human figures.
</p><p>Although it is considered part of the Botanic Gardens, the Children's Garden has its own entrance along Bukit Timah Road existing as a separate enclosure.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_attractions">Other attractions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other attractions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg/220px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg/330px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg/440px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_Palm_Valley.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The lush lawns of Palm Valley are a popular spot for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">picnics</a> and outdoor concerts</div></div></div>
<p>Tropical plants line the bank of the Saraca Stream as it meanders its way down a small hill. The main highlights of the stream walk are the Yellow <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saraca" title="Saraca">Saraca</a> trees (<i>Saraca cauliflora</i>) and Red Saraca (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saraca_declinata" title="Saraca declinata">Saraca declinata</a></i>). Other attractions include the Palm Valley, Bandstand area, Sun Garden and Sundial Garden.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg/220px-Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg/330px-Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg/440px-Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="718" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra_-_Concert_in_Park.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>SSO Concert at the Singapore Botanic Gardens</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2016_Singapur,_Ogrody_botaniczne_(255).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2016_Singapur%2C_Ogrody_botaniczne_%28255%29.jpg/220px-2016_Singapur%2C_Ogrody_botaniczne_%28255%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2016_Singapur%2C_Ogrody_botaniczne_%28255%29.jpg/330px-2016_Singapur%2C_Ogrody_botaniczne_%28255%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2016_Singapur%2C_Ogrody_botaniczne_%28255%29.jpg/440px-2016_Singapur%2C_Ogrody_botaniczne_%28255%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4574" data-file-height="3272" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2016_Singapur,_Ogrody_botaniczne_(255).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopin">Chopin</a> monument, just south of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Symphony_Lake_(Singapore)" title="Symphony Lake (Singapore)">Symphony Lake</a></div></div></div>
<p>The Botanic Gardens has three lakes, namely <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Symphony_Lake,_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony Lake, Singapore">Symphony Lake</a>, Eco-Lake and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swan_Lake,_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan Lake, Singapore">Swan Lake</a>. The Shaw Foundation Symphony Stage on Symphony Lake occasionally has free concerts on weekends. Notable performers include the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Singapore Symphony Orchestra">Singapore Symphony Orchestra</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Chinese_Orchestra" title="Singapore Chinese Orchestra">Singapore Chinese Orchestra</a>. On 10 October 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-PolishEmbassy2008_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolishEmbassy2008-15">[15]</a></sup> a statue of the composer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a> was unveiled just south of Symphony Lake.
</p><p>The headquarters of the National Parks Board is located within the grounds of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Eateries within the garden include the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">one-Michelin-starred</a> Corner House,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> a casual fine-dining restaurant in a colonial bungalow; Casa Verde, a café at the Visitor Centre; and Halia Restaurant, a restaurant at the Ginger Garden. There are also gift shops for visitors. Singapore's national agency in biodiversity-related issues, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="National Biodiversity Centre">National Biodiversity Centre</a>, is also located within the grounds of the gardens.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="UNESCO">UNESCO</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: UNESCO">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens,_Evolution_Garden_22,_Sep_06.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Evolution_Garden_22%2C_Sep_06.JPG/220px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Evolution_Garden_22%2C_Sep_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Evolution_Garden_22%2C_Sep_06.JPG/330px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Evolution_Garden_22%2C_Sep_06.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Evolution_Garden_22%2C_Sep_06.JPG/440px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Evolution_Garden_22%2C_Sep_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens,_Evolution_Garden_22,_Sep_06.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Replica of the ancient <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendrons</a></i> or giant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clubmoss" class="mw-redirect" title="Clubmoss">clubmosses</a> at the Evolution Garden</div></div></div>
<p>An official application for Singapore Botanic Gardens to be listed as a World Heritage Site was submitted to UNESCO in January 2014. The bid underlines the gardens' historical and cultural significance and its achievements in conservation and research. A 700-page nomination dossier was compiled and written up over one-and-a-half years, led by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Heritage_Board_(Singapore)" title="National Heritage Board (Singapore)">National Heritage Board</a>'s (NHB) preservation of sites and monuments division and the Botanic Gardens director, Dr Nigel Taylor, who was also involved in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_at_Kew" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew</a>'s own UNESCO bid from 2000 to 2003.
</p><p>As part of the process, the dossier had to seek the assessment of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Council_on_Monuments_and_Sites" title="International Council on Monuments and Sites">International Council on Monuments and Sites</a> (ICOMOS), a separate professional association. On 16 May 2015, ICOMOS's panel of experts backed the inscription without reservation – the best recommendation possible, stating:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r960796168">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the Gardens demonstrates the evolution of a British tropical colonial garden into a modern and world-class botanic garden, scientific institution and place of conservation and education.</p></blockquote></dd></dl>
<p>On 4 July that year, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, the 39th session of the World Heritage Committee deliberated Singapore's submission, and all 21 members endorsed it.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
Dr Taylor recalled the unanimous vote:
<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r960796168"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was extraordinary, one of the longest salutations I've heard ... and every single member of the committee had something important to say and some had a lot to say in favour of the inscription.</p></blockquote></dd></dl>
<p>Singapore Botanic Gardens is the first tropical, and only the third botanic gardens on the UNESCO World Heritage listing. The honour was widely noted as a fitting tribute to the nation's 50th year of independence.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:$5_tree.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%245_tree.JPG/120px-%245_tree.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%245_tree.JPG/180px-%245_tree.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/%245_tree.JPG/240px-%245_tree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tembusu" title="Tembusu">Tembusu</a> tree (<i>Faraea fragrans</i>) featured on the reverse of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singaporean_five-dollar_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Singaporean five-dollar bill">Singaporean five-dollar bill</a> at Lawn E, Singapore Botanic Gardens
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg/96px-DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg/144px-DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg/192px-DendrobiumMargaretThatcher-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20041025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1216" /></a></div></div>
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<p><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dendrobium" title="Dendrobium">Dendrobium</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></i>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bromeliad200.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bromeliad200.jpg/120px-Bromeliad200.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bromeliad200.jpg/180px-Bromeliad200.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bromeliad200.jpg/240px-Bromeliad200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div>
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<p>The Yuen-Peng McNeice Bromeliad Collection
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg/120px-DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg/180px-DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg/240px-DendrobiumBaeYongJun-NationalOrchidGarden-Singapore-20060710.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div>
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<p><i>Dendrobium <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bae_Yong-joon" title="Bae Yong-joon">Bae Yong-joon</a></i>, an orchid cultivar named after the South Korean actor
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:VandaMissJoaquim.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/VandaMissJoaquim.jpg/120px-VandaMissJoaquim.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/VandaMissJoaquim.jpg/180px-VandaMissJoaquim.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/VandaMissJoaquim.jpg/240px-VandaMissJoaquim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div></div>
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<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vanda_Miss_Joaquim" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanda Miss Joaquim">Vanda Miss Joaquim</a>, the national flower of Singapore
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cygnus_Atratus_Singapore.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cygnus_Atratus_Singapore.jpg/120px-Cygnus_Atratus_Singapore.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cygnus_Atratus_Singapore.jpg/180px-Cygnus_Atratus_Singapore.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cygnus_Atratus_Singapore.jpg/240px-Cygnus_Atratus_Singapore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div>
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<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cygnus_atratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus atratus">Cygnus atratus</a> in the Eco-Lake
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg/120px-SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg/180px-SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg/240px-SunGarden-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20070102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The Sun Garden (formerly known as the Sun Rockery)
</p>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/90px-FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/135px-FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/180px-FlightofSwans-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><i>Flight of Swans</i> sculpture installed in May 2006 at Swan Lake
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</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/120px-BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/180px-BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg/240px-BotanyCentre-SingaporeBotanicGardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The Botany Centre Blocks, with a view of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum" title="Calophyllum inophyllum">Calophyllum inophyllum</a></i> and one of the wooden sculptures dotted around the complex.
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg/120px-Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg/180px-Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg/240px-Phalaenopsis-SingaporeBotanicGardens-20041201.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Orchids
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ginger_in_Singapore3.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ginger_in_Singapore3.jpg/90px-Ginger_in_Singapore3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ginger_in_Singapore3.jpg/135px-Ginger_in_Singapore3.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ginger_in_Singapore3.jpg/180px-Ginger_in_Singapore3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2240" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Ginger
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Girl_on_a_Swing_(1984)_by_Sydney_Harpley,_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20060815.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Girl_on_a_Swing_%281984%29_by_Sydney_Harpley%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20060815.jpg/120px-Girl_on_a_Swing_%281984%29_by_Sydney_Harpley%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20060815.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Girl_on_a_Swing_%281984%29_by_Sydney_Harpley%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20060815.jpg/180px-Girl_on_a_Swing_%281984%29_by_Sydney_Harpley%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20060815.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Girl_on_a_Swing_%281984%29_by_Sydney_Harpley%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20060815.jpg/240px-Girl_on_a_Swing_%281984%29_by_Sydney_Harpley%2C_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_-_20060815.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><i>Girl on a Swing </i>(1984), a bronze statue by British sculptor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sydney_Harpley" title="Sydney Harpley">Sydney Harpley</a>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Burkill_Hall_in_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Burkill_Hall_in_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/96px-Burkill_Hall_in_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Burkill_Hall_in_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/144px-Burkill_Hall_in_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Burkill_Hall_in_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/192px-Burkill_Hall_in_Singapore_Botanic_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="2952" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Burkill Hall
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_2012_2_483.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_2012_2_483.jpg/120px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_2012_2_483.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_2012_2_483.jpg/180px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_2012_2_483.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_2012_2_483.jpg/240px-Singapore_Botanic_Gardens_2012_2_483.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The Frangipani Collection
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Botanic_Gardens_MRT_station" title="Botanic Gardens MRT station">Botanic Gardens MRT station</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napier_MRT_station" title="Napier MRT station">Napier MRT station</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens" title="List of botanical gardens">List of botanical gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Singapore" title="List of parks in Singapore">List of parks in Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Singapore">List of World Heritage Sites in Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tourism_in_Singapore" title="Tourism in Singapore">Tourism in Singapore</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B8%E5%B7%9D%E5%B9%B8%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戸川幸夫 (page does not exist)">戸川幸夫</a>『昭南島物語』下（讀賣新聞社、<a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1990%E5%B9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990年 (page does not exist)">1990年</a>）</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125025902/http://www.gov.sg/news/content/botanic-gardens-to-keep-on-growing">"The Sunday Times – Botanic Gardens to keep on growing"</a>. Government of Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sg/news/content/botanic-gardens-to-keep-on-growing">the original</a> on 25 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sunday+Times+%E2%80%93+Botanic+Gardens+to+keep+on+growing&rft.pub=Government+of+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sg%2Fnews%2Fcontent%2Fbotanic-gardens-to-keep-on-growing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg/2013/03/work-to-start-on-extension-to-botanic.html">"wildsingapore news: Work to start on extension to Botanic Gardens"</a>. <i>wildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg&rft.atitle=wildsingapore+news%3A+Work+to+start+on+extension+to+Botanic+Gardens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwildsingaporenews.blogspot.sg%2F2013%2F03%2Fwork-to-start-on-extension-to-botanic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbg.org.sg/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=47&Itemid=64">"Singapore Botanic Gardens Herbarium"</a>. <i>www.sbg.org.sg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sbg.org.sg&rft.atitle=Singapore+Botanic+Gardens+Herbarium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbg.org.sg%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_k2%26view%3Ditem%26layout%3Ditem%26id%3D47%26Itemid%3D64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PolishEmbassy2008-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PolishEmbassy2008_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626074541/http://www.singapore.polemb.net/?document=264"><i>The Unveiling Ceremony of a Monument to Frederic Chopin & Inaugural Concert by NAFA Orchestra</i></a>, The Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Singapore, 5 October 2008, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.singapore.polemb.net/?document=264">the original</a> on 26 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unveiling+Ceremony+of+a+Monument+to+Frederic+Chopin+%26+Inaugural+Concert+by+NAFA+Orchestra&rft.pub=The+Embassy+of+the+Republic+of+Poland+in+Singapore&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singapore.polemb.net%2F%3Fdocument%3D264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/food/singapores-michelin-starred-restaurants-a-listing">"Singapore's Michelin-starred restaurants: All you need to know"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i>. 21 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Singapore%27s+Michelin-starred+restaurants%3A+All+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Flifestyle%2Ffood%2Fsingapores-michelin-starred-restaurants-a-listing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/unesco-title-plants-singapore-firmly-world-map">"Unesco title plants Singapore firmly on world map"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 5 July 2015. <q>null</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Unesco+title+plants+Singapore+firmly+on+world+map&rft.date=2015-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.asiaone.com%2Fnews%2Fsingapore%2Funesco-title-plants-singapore-firmly-world-map&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMelody_Zaccheus2015" class="citation">Melody Zaccheus (4 July 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens-clinches-prestigious-unesco-world-heritage-site-status">"Singapore Botanic Gardens clinches prestigious Unesco World Heritage site status"</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Singapore+Botanic+Gardens+clinches+prestigious+Unesco+World+Heritage+site+status&rft.date=2015-07-04&rft.au=Melody+Zaccheus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Fsingapore-botanic-gardens-clinches-prestigious-unesco-world-heritage-site-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/mobile/singapore/singapore-botanic-gardens/1960028.html">"Singapore Botanic Gardens declared UNESCO World Heritage Site"</a>. Channel NewsAsia. 4 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Singapore+Botanic+Gardens+declared+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Site&rft.date=2015-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fmobile%2Fsingapore%2Fsingapore-botanic-gardens%2F1960028.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/unesco-nomination-dossier/1963228.html">"UNESCO nomination dossier a labour of love since 2010 – Channel NewsAsia"</a>. Channel NewsAsia. 6 July 2015. <q>null</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UNESCO+nomination+dossier+a+labour+of+love+since+2010+%E2%80%93+Channel+NewsAsia&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fsingapore%2Funesco-nomination-dossier%2F1963228.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFZumbroichYue_Wah_Chay2004" class="citation journal">Zumbroich, Thomas; Yue Wah Chay (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_56_1_2_pdf_Vol_56_Part1_2_2004/4.4.56.1-2.01_y2004_V56_P1_P2_GBS_pg.1.pdf">"Singapore's First Spice Plantation and Botanic Garden 1819–1859"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>)</span>. <i>The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore</i>. <b>56</b> (1 & 2): 1–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gardens%27+Bulletin+Singapore&rft.atitle=Singapore%27s+First+Spice+Plantation+and+Botanic+Garden+1819%E2%80%931859&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1+%26+2&rft.pages=1-28&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Zumbroich&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Yue+Wah+Chay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbg.org.sg%2Fimages%2F4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin%2F4_4_56_1_2_pdf_Vol_56_Part1_2_2004%2F4.4.56.1-2.01_y2004_V56_P1_P2_GBS_pg.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingapore+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>
<li>National Heritage Board (2002), <i>Singapore's 100 Historic Places</i>, Archipelago Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-4068-23-3" title="Special:BookSources/981-4068-23-3">981-4068-23-3</a>.</li>
<li>Singapore Botanic Gardens (1989), <i>Visions of Delight: The Singapore Botanic Gardens through the ages</i>, by Bonnie Tinsley, Tien Wah Press, Singapore, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9971882035" title="Special:BookSources/9971882035">9971882035</a>.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Singapore_Botanic_Gardens" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Singapore Botanic Gardens">Singapore Botanic Gardens</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180601100123/http://www.sbg.org.sg/">Singapore Botanic Gardens – Official site</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/parks-and-nature-reserves/jacob-ballas-childrens-garden">Jacob Ballas Children's Garden</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_visitorsguide&task=parks&id=33&Itemid=73">National Parks Board website</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/way/47257476">Singapore Botanic Gardens</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jurong_Bird_Park" title="Jurong Bird Park">Jurong Bird Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Night_Safari,_Singapore" title="Night Safari, Singapore">Night Safari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/River_Safari" title="River Safari">River Safari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Zoo" title="Singapore Zoo">Singapore Zoo</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marine_Life_Park#S.E.A._Aquarium" title="Marine Life Park">S.E.A. Aquarium</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ArtScience_Museum" title="ArtScience Museum">ArtScience Museum</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Changi_Museum" title="Changi Museum">Changi Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Heritage_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Heritage Centre (page does not exist)">Chinese Heritage Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Former_Ford_Factory" title="Former Ford Factory">Former Ford Factory</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Images_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Images of Singapore">Images of Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indian_Heritage_Centre" title="Indian Heritage Centre">Indian Heritage Centre</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Museum_of_Singapore" title="National Museum of Singapore">National Museum of Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peranakan_Museum" title="Peranakan Museum">Peranakan Museum</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Art_Museum" title="Singapore Art Museum">Singapore Art Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Philatelic_Museum" title="Singapore Philatelic Museum">Singapore Philatelic Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/S%27pore_Discovery_Centre" title="S'pore Discovery Centre">S'pore Discovery Centre</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Battle_Box" title="The Battle Box">The Battle Box</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature parks</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Timah_Nature_Reserve" title="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Catchment_Nature_Reserve" title="Central Catchment Nature Reserve">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_Garden,_Singapore" title="Chinese Garden, Singapore">Chinese Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gardens_by_the_Bay" title="Gardens by the Bay">Gardens by the Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HortPark" title="HortPark">HortPark</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_Garden,_Singapore" title="Japanese Garden, Singapore">Japanese Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Labrador_Nature_Reserve" title="Labrador Nature Reserve">Labrador Nature Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulau_Ubin" title="Pulau Ubin">Pulau Ubin</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chek_Jawa" title="Chek Jawa">Chek Jawa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Singapore Botanic Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sungei_Buloh_Wetland_Reserve" title="Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">Monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Batok_Memorial" title="Bukit Batok Memorial">Bukit Batok Memorial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caldwell_House,_Singapore" title="Caldwell House, Singapore">Caldwell House</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CHIJMES_Hall" title="CHIJMES Hall">CHIJMES Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civilian_War_Memorial" title="Civilian War Memorial">Civilian War Memorial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Early_Founders_Memorial_Stone" title="Early Founders Memorial Stone">Early Founders Memorial Stone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Former_Indian_National_Army_Monument" title="Former Indian National Army Monument">Former Indian National Army Monument</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_Cemetery_Park" title="Japanese Cemetery Park">Japanese Cemetery Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kranji_War_Memorial" title="Kranji War Memorial">Kranji War Memorial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lim_Bo_Seng_Memorial" title="Lim Bo Seng Memorial">Lim Bo Seng Memorial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Tao_Nan_School" title="Old Tao Nan School">Old Tao Nan School</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raffles%27_Landing_Site" title="Raffles' Landing Site">Raffles' Landing Site</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SGH_War_Memorial" title="SGH War Memorial">SGH War Memorial</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tan_Kim_Seng_Fountain" title="Tan Kim Seng Fountain">Tan Kim Seng Fountain</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Cenotaph,_Singapore" title="The Cenotaph, Singapore">The Cenotaph</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CHIJMES" title="CHIJMES">CHIJMES</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clifford_Pier" title="Clifford Pier">Clifford Pier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esplanade_%E2%80%93_Theatres_on_the_Bay" title="Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay">Esplanade Theatres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geylang_Road" title="Geylang Road">Geylang Road</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masjid_An-Nahdhah#Harmony_Centre_@_An-Nahdhah" title="Masjid An-Nahdhah">Harmony Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haw_Par_Villa" title="Haw Par Villa">Haw Par Villa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marina_Barrage" title="Marina Barrage">Marina Barrage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merlion_Park" title="Merlion Park">Merlion Park</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merlion" title="Merlion">Merlion</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchard_Road" title="Orchard Road">Orchard Road</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Flyer" title="Singapore Flyer">Singapore Flyer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_River" title="Singapore River">Singapore River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snow_City" title="Snow City">Snow City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Helix_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="The Helix Bridge">The Helix Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewel_Changi_Airport" title="Jewel Changi Airport">Jewel Changi Airport</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alkaff_Gardens" title="Alkaff Gardens">Alkaff Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Big_Splash,_Singapore" title="Big Splash, Singapore">Big Splash</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=CN-West_Leisure_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CN-West Leisure Park (page does not exist)">CN-West Leisure Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Da_Dong_Ya_Amusement_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Dong Ya Amusement Park (page does not exist)">Da Dong Ya Amusement Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Escape_Theme_Park" title="Escape Theme Park">Escape Theme Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fantasy_Island,_Singapore" title="Fantasy Island, Singapore">Fantasy Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gay_World_Amusement_Park" title="Gay World Amusement Park">Gay World Amusement Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_World_Amusement_Park" title="Great World Amusement Park">Great World Amusement Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malay_Village" title="Malay Village">Malay Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_World_Amusement_Park" title="New World Amusement Park">New World Amusement Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Punggol_Zoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punggol Zoo (page does not exist)">Punggol Zoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_de_Paris" title="Singapore Pinacothèque de Paris">Singapore Pinacothèque de Paris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tang_Dynasty_City" title="Tang Dynasty City">Tang Dynasty City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Maritime_Experiential_Museum" title="The Maritime Experiential Museum">The Maritime Experiential Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ultimate_Magic" title="Ultimate Magic">Ultimate Magic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Underwater_World,_Singapore" title="Underwater World, Singapore">Underwater World</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Van_Kleef_Aquarium" title="Van Kleef Aquarium">Van Kleef Aquarium</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Volcanoland,_Sentosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volcanoland, Sentosa (page does not exist)">Volcanoland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wonderland_Amusement_Park,_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wonderland Amusement Park, Singapore (page does not exist)">Wonderland Amusement Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singapore_Tourism_Board" title="Singapore Tourism Board">Singapore Tourism Board</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parks_in_Singapore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Parks_in_Singapore" title="Template:Parks in Singapore"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Parks_in_Singapore" title="Template talk:Parks in Singapore"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Parks_in_Singapore&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parks_in_Singapore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Singapore" title="List of parks in Singapore">Parks in Singapore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and heritage</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bidadari_Garden" title="Bidadari Garden">Bidadari Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bidadari_Park" title="Bidadari Park">Bidadari Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dhoby_Ghaut_Green" title="Dhoby Ghaut Green">Dhoby Ghaut Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Duxton_Plain_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duxton Plain Park (page does not exist)">Duxton Plain Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esplanade_Park" title="Esplanade Park">Esplanade Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Canning_Hill#Fort_Canning_Park" title="Fort Canning Hill">Fort Canning Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gardens_by_the_Bay" title="Gardens by the Bay">Gardens by the Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hong_Lim_Park" title="Hong Lim Park">Hong Lim Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Istana_Park" title="Istana Park">Istana Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_Cemetery_Park" title="Japanese Cemetery Park">Japanese Cemetery Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Jurong_Lake_Gardens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurong Lake Gardens (page does not exist)">Jurong Lake Gardens</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=ActiveSG_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ActiveSG Park (page does not exist)">ActiveSG Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chinese_Garden,_Singapore" title="Chinese Garden, Singapore">Chinese Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japanese_Garden,_Singapore" title="Japanese Garden, Singapore">Japanese Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lakeside_Garden,_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakeside Garden, Singapore (page does not exist)">Lakeside Garden</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merlion_Park" title="Merlion Park">Merlion Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pearl%27s_Hill_City_Park" title="Pearl's Hill City Park">Pearl's Hill City Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raffles_Place_Park" title="Raffles Place Park">Raffles Place Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sengkang_Sculpture_Park" title="Sengkang Sculpture Park">Sengkang Sculpture Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tanjong_Pagar_Park" title="Tanjong Pagar Park">Tanjong Pagar Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiong_Bahru_Park" title="Tiong Bahru Park">Tiong Bahru Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_Memorial_Park,_Singapore" title="War Memorial Park, Singapore">War Memorial Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waterboat_House_Garden" title="Waterboat House Garden">Waterboat House Garden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Park" title="Youth Olympic Park">Youth Olympic Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park,_Singapore_-_20070722.jpg" class="image" title="Bukit Batok Nature Park"><img alt="Bukit Batok Nature Park" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park%2C_Singapore_-_20070722.jpg/140px-Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park%2C_Singapore_-_20070722.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park%2C_Singapore_-_20070722.jpg/210px-Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park%2C_Singapore_-_20070722.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park%2C_Singapore_-_20070722.jpg/280px-Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park%2C_Singapore_-_20070722.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coastal</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Changi_Beach_Park" title="Changi Beach Park">Changi Beach Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Coast_Park" title="East Coast Park">East Coast Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pasir_Ris_Park" title="Pasir Ris Park">Pasir Ris Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punggol_Point_Park" title="Punggol Point Park">Punggol Point Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sembawang_Park" title="Sembawang Park">Sembawang Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Coast_Park" title="West Coast Park">West Coast Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woodlands_Waterfront_Park" title="Woodlands Waterfront Park">Woodlands Waterfront Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ang_Mo_Kio_Town_Garden_East" title="Ang Mo Kio Town Garden East">Ang Mo Kio Town Garden East</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ang_Mo_Kio_Town_Garden_West" title="Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West">Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bedok_Town_Park" title="Bedok Town Park">Bedok Town Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bishan-Ang_Mo_Kio_Park" title="Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park">Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Choa_Chu_Kang_Park" title="Choa Chu Kang Park">Choa Chu Kang Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clementi_Woods_Park" title="Clementi Woods Park">Clementi Woods Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Holland_Village_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holland Village Park (page does not exist)">Holland Village Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jurong_Central_Park" title="Jurong Central Park">Jurong Central Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katong_Park" title="Katong Park">Katong Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marsiling_Park" title="Marsiling Park">Marsiling Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Emily_Park" title="Mount Emily Park">Mount Emily Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One-north_Park" title="One-north Park">one-north Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pasir_Ris_Town_Park" title="Pasir Ris Town Park">Pasir Ris Town Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punggol_Park" title="Punggol Park">Punggol Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tampines_Eco_Green" title="Tampines Eco Green">Tampines Eco Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sun_Plaza_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Plaza Park">Tampines Sunplaza Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toa_Payoh_Town_Park" title="Toa Payoh Town Park">Toa Payoh Town Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yishun_Pond_Park" title="Yishun Pond Park">Yishun Pond Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yishun_Neighbourhood_Park" title="Yishun Neighbourhood Park">Yishun Neighbourhood Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sisters%27_Island_Marine_Park" title="Sisters' Island Marine Park">Sisters' Island Marine Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Admiralty_Park" title="Admiralty Park">Admiralty Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Batok_Nature_Park" title="Bukit Batok Nature Park">Bukit Batok Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Batok_Town_Park" title="Bukit Batok Town Park">Bukit Batok Town Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chestnut_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chestnut Nature Park (page does not exist)">Chestnut Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dairy_Farm_Nature_Park" title="Dairy Farm Nature Park">Dairy Farm Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hindhede_Nature_Park" title="Hindhede Nature Park">Hindhede Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rifle_Range_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rifle Range Nature Park (page does not exist)">Rifle Range Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sembawang_Hot_Spring_Park" title="Sembawang Hot Spring Park">Sembawang Hot Spring Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Springleaf_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springleaf Nature Park (page does not exist)">Springleaf Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomson_Nature_Park" title="Thomson Nature Park">Thomson Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windsor_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windsor Nature Park (page does not exist)">Windsor Nature Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yishun_Park" title="Yishun Park">Yishun Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Zhenghua_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhenghua Nature Park (page does not exist)">Zhenghua Nature Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature reserves</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bukit_Timah_Nature_Reserve" title="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Catchment_Nature_Reserve" title="Central Catchment Nature Reserve">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kranji_Marshes" title="Kranji Marshes">Kranji Marshes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Labrador_Nature_Reserve" title="Labrador Nature Reserve">Labrador Nature Reserve</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sungei_Buloh_Wetland_Reserve" title="Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offshore islands</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coney_Island,_Singapore" title="Coney Island, Singapore">Coney Island Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pulau_Ubin" title="Pulau Ubin">Pulau Ubin</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chek_Jawa" title="Chek Jawa">Chek Jawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ketam_Mountain_Bike_Park" title="Ketam Mountain Bike Park">Ketam Mountain Bike Park</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Riverine</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bedok_Reservoir_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedok Reservoir Park">Bedok Reservoir Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bishan-Ang_Mo_Kio_Park" title="Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park">Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kallang_Riverside_Park" title="Kallang Riverside Park">Kallang Riverside Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kranji_Reservoir_Park" title="Kranji Reservoir Park">Kranji Reservoir Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Peirce_Reservoir_Park" title="Lower Peirce Reservoir Park">Lower Peirce Reservoir Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lower_Seletar_Reservoir_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Seletar Reservoir Park">Lower Seletar Reservoir Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MacRitchie_Reservoir_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="MacRitchie Reservoir Park">MacRitchie Reservoir Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punggol_Waterway_Park" title="Punggol Waterway Park">Punggol Waterway Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sengkang_Riverside_Park" title="Sengkang Riverside Park">Sengkang Riverside Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Peirce_Reservoir_Park" title="Upper Peirce Reservoir Park">Upper Peirce Reservoir Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Seletar_Reservoir" title="Upper Seletar Reservoir">Upper Seletar Reservoir</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singapore Botanic Gardens</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Orchid_Garden" title="National Orchid Garden">National Orchid Garden</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Singapore Botanic Gardens</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Ridges" title="Southern Ridges">Southern Ridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HortPark" title="HortPark">HortPark</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kent_Ridge_Park" title="Kent Ridge Park">Kent Ridge Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mount_Faber_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Faber Park">Mount Faber Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telok_Blangah_Hill_Park" title="Telok Blangah Hill Park">Telok Blangah Hill Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eco-Links</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eco-Link@BKE" title="Eco-Link@BKE">Eco-Link@BKE</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mandai_Wildlife_Bridge" title="Mandai Wildlife Bridge">Mandai Wildlife Bridge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alkaff_Gardens" title="Alkaff Gardens">Alkaff Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kallang_Park" title="Kallang Park">Kallang Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marina_City_Park" title="Marina City Park">Marina City Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tampines_Bike_Park" title="Tampines Bike Park">Tampines Bike Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyersall_Park" title="Tyersall Park">Tyersall Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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