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'{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} {|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=ital}} {{Infobox ship image | Ship image = Knock Nevis.jpg | Ship caption = ''Knock Nevis'', formerly ''Seawise Giant'', leaving the [[Dubai Drydocks]] }} {{Infobox ship career | Ship registry = *Norway (1980–2010) | Ship name = *''Seawise Giant'' (1979–1991) *''Happy Giant'' (1991) *''Jahre Viking'' (1991–2004) *''Knock Nevis'' (2004–2009) *''Mont'' (2009–2010) | Ship owner = *Amber Development (2009–2010) *First Olsen Tankers Pte. (2004–2009) *Loki Stream AS (1991–2004) | Ship operator = Prayati Shipping (2009–2010) | Ship out of service = 2009 | Ship fate = Scrapped in 2010 | Ship builder = *[[Sumitomo Heavy Industries|Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.]] *[[Yokosuka]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], Japan | Ship identification = *[[Call sign]]: S6AV7 *[[DNV GL|DNV ID:]] 16864 *{{IMO Number|7381154}}<ref>{{Cite ship register|register=psix|id=370263|shipname=JAHRE VIKING|accessdate=16 October 2012}}</ref> *[[Maritime Mobile Service Identity|MMSI no.:]] 564687016 | Ship notes = <ref name="shippingdatabase|94118">{{Cite ship register|register=SD|id=94118|shipname=Knock Nevis}}</ref><ref name= rss/><ref name="bluepulz1209" /> }}{{Infobox ship characteristics | Ship type = [[Oil tanker|Crude oil tanker]] | Ship displacement = *81,879 long tons light load *646,642 long tons full load | Ship tonnage = *{{GT|260,941}} *{{NetT|214,793}} *{{DWT|564,763}} | Ship cargo capacity = {{convert|4100000|oilbbl|abbr=on}}. | Ship length = {{convert|458.45|m|ft|2|abbr=on}} | Ship beam/width = {{convert|68.8|m|ft|2|abbr=on}} | Ship draft = {{convert|24.611|m|ft|abbr=on}} | Ship depth = {{convert|29.8|m|ft|2|abbr=on}} | Ship propulsion = {{unbulleted list|2 Mitsubishi V2M8 boilers (Designed by Combustion Engineering)|Sumitomo [[Ljungström turbine|Stal-Laval AP steam turbine]], 50,000 hp}} {{endplainlist}} | Ship capacity = | Ship speed = {{convert|16.5|kn}} | Ship range = | Ship class = | Ship notes = <ref name=rss/>}} |} '''''Seawise Giant''''', later '''''Happy Giant''''', '''''Jahre Viking''''', '''''Knock Nevis''''', '''''Oppama''''', and '''''Mont''''', was a [[Oil tanker#Size categories|ULCC]] [[Oil tanker|supertanker]] that was the longest ship ever, built by [[Sumitomo Heavy Industries]] in [[Yokosuka]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], Japan. It possessed the greatest [[deadweight tonnage]] ever recorded. Fully loaded, it's [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] was 657,019 tonnes. The heaviest ship of any kind, and with a laden [[Draft (hull)|draft]] of 24.6&nbsp;m (81&nbsp;ft), it was incapable of navigating the [[English Channel]], the [[Suez Canal]] or the [[Panama Canal]]. Overall, it is generally considered the largest ship ever built.<ref name="singh">{{Cite news| author=Baljit Singh | title=The world's biggest ship | url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jul11/sunday/head3.htm | work = The Tribune | date=11 July 1999 | access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | author=Rich Galiano | title=Artifacts & Shipwrecks: Tanker | url=http://njscuba.net/artifacts/ship_tanker.html | work=NJScuba.net | access-date=4 June 2010 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702165135/http://njscuba.net/artifacts/ship_tanker.html | archivedate=2 July 2010 }}</ref> Her engines were powered by the [[Ljungström turbine]] technology. It was sunk during the [[Iran–Iraq War]], but was later [[Marine salvage|salvage]]d and restored to service.<ref name="Trex 2011" /> The vessel was converted to a [[Floating production storage and offloading|floating storage and offloading unit]] (FSO) in 2004, [[Mooring|moored]] off the coast of [[Qatar]] in the [[Persian Gulf]] at the [[Al Shaheen Oil Field]].<ref name="bluepulz0909">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bluepulz.com/?Id=1342 |title=The world's largest ship to be scrapped |date=5 September 2009 |work=Bluepulz |access-date=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317190941/http://www.bluepulz.com/?Id=1342 |archivedate=17 March 2010 }}</ref> The vessel was sold to Indian [[Ship breaking|ship breakers]], and renamed ''Mont'' for a final journey in December 2009. After clearing Indian customs, the ship sailed to [[Alang]], [[Gujarat]], where it was beached for scrapping.<ref name="bluepulz0909" /><ref name=indianexpress>{{Cite news|author=Bhavnagar |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/crude-oil-carrier-mont-awaits-clearance-to-d/556257/ | title = Crude oil carrier Mont awaits clearance to dock at Alang | date = 19 December 2009 | work = The Indian Express | access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref> == History == ''Seawise Giant'' was ordered in 1974 and delivered in 1979 by [[Sumitomo Heavy Industries|Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.]] at its Oppama shipyard in [[Yokosuka]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], Japan, as a 418,611-ton Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC).<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tanker Register 1987 |last=Clarkson Research Studies Ltd. |year=1987 |publisher=International Publication Service |isbn=0-8002-4143-6}}</ref> The vessel remained unnamed for a long time, and was identified by her hull number, 1016. During sea trials, 1016 exhibited severe vibration problems while going astern. The Greek owner refused to take delivery and the vessel was subject to a lengthy arbitration proceeding. Following settlement the vessel was sold and named ''Oppama'' by S.H.I.<ref name="singh" /> [[File:Bateaux comparaison2 with Allure.svg|thumb|300px|left|Size comparison of some of the longest ships. From top to bottom: ''Knock Nevis'' (ex-''Seawise Giant''), ''[[Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller (ship)|Maersk Mc-Kinney Møller]]'', ''[[MS Ore Brasil|Vale Brasil]]'', ''[[Allure of the Seas]]'', and {{USS|Enterprise|CVN-65}}.]] The shipyard exercised its right to sell the vessel and a deal was brokered with Hong Kong [[Orient Overseas Container Line]] founder [[Tung Chao-yung|C. Y. Tung]] to lengthen the ship by several metres and add 146,152 tonnes of cargo capacity through [[jumboisation]]. Two years later the ship was relaunched as ''Seawise Giant''.<ref name="singh" /><ref>{{Cite news |author=Sandra Burton |date=1996-12-23 |title=Beijing's Capitalist |work=Time Magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985727,00.html |access-date=2010-06-04}}</ref> "Seawise", a pun on "C.Y.'s", was used in the names of other ships owned by C.Y. Tung, including ''[[RMS Queen Elizabeth|Seawise University]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Far Eastern Economic Review|volume=116|issue=17 |date=23 April 1982|pages=76–78: 76 |title=The Tung Dynasty|quote=Like other "Seawise" ships in Tung's fleet, this vessel punned on C. Y.'s initials for its name.}}</ref> After the refit, the ship had a capacity of {{DWT|564,763|metric|disp=long}}, a [[length overall]] of {{Convert|458.45|m|abbr=on}} and a draft of {{Convert|24.611|m|abbr=on}}. It had 46 tanks, and {{Convert|31541|m2|abbr=on}} of deck space. When ''Seawise Giant'' was fully loaded, the ship sank too deep into the water to safely navigate the [[English Channel]].<ref name="singh" /> It's draft of 25 meters or 81 feet was too great for the relatively shallow waters of the Channel.<ref name="singh" /> The rudder weighed 230 tons, and the propeller weighed 50 tons.<ref name="incaa">[http://www.islandnavigation.org/seawiseGiant.html Seawise Giant] ''INC Alumni Association''. Retrieved: 24 July 2010. {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118043817/http://www.islandnavigation.org/seawiseGiant.html |date=18 November 2010}}</ref> ''Seawise Giant'' was damaged and sunk<ref name="Trex 2011" /> during the 1980–1988 [[Iran–Iraq War]] by an [[Iraqi Air Force]] attack while anchored off [[Larak Island]], [[Iran]], on 14 May 1988 and carrying Iranian crude oil. The ship was struck by parachute bombs.{{Citation needed|date= September 2018}} Fires ignited aboard the ship and blazed out of control,<ref name="New York Times 1988">{{Cite news |title=Iraq Hits 5 Ships in Persian Gulf |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/15/world/iraq-hits-5-ships-in-persian-gulf.html}}</ref> and it sank in the shallow waters off the coast.<ref name="Largest Ship in the World 2012">{{Cite web |title=Largest Ship in the World |url=http://www.largestshipintheworld.com/largest_ships_in_the_world/knock_nevis_seawise_giant_h.php}}</ref> The ship was declared a [[total loss]] and was written off.<ref name="pike06">{{Cite web |author=John Pike |title=Knock Nevis / ex-Jahre Viking |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/jahre-viking.htm |work=Global Security |date=2006-11-01 |access-date=2010-06-04}}</ref> Shortly after the Iran–Iraq war ended, Norman International bought the shipwreck, salvaged and repaired it.<ref name="Trex 2011">{{Cite web |last=Trex |first=Ethan |title=Seawise Giant: You Can't Keep A Good Ship Down |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/27877/seawise-giant-you-cant-keep-good-ship-down}}</ref> The ship was renamed ''Happy Giant'' after the repairs.<ref name=rss>{{Cite web |title=20th Century Ships: Seawise Giant (Happy Giant) (Jahre Viking) (Knock Nevis) (Mont) |url=http://www.relevantsearchscotland.co.uk/ships/jahre.html |work=Relevant Search Scotland |date=2010-01-17 |access-date=2010-06-04}}</ref> These repairs were done at the [[Keppel Corporation]] shipyard in Singapore after towing the vessel from the [[Persian Gulf]]. It entered service in October 1991 as ''Happy Giant''.<ref name="pike06" /> [[Jørgen Jahre]] bought the tanker in 1991 for US$39 million and renamed her as ''Jahre Viking''. From 1991 to 2004, it was owned by Loki Stream and flew the [[flag of Norway]].<ref name="pike06" /> In 2004, the tanker was purchased by [[First Olsen Tankers]], renamed ''Knock Nevis'', and converted into a permanently moored storage tanker in the [[Qatar]] [[Al Shaheen Oil Field]] in the Persian Gulf.<ref name="singh" /><ref name="pike06" /> {{Building and ship comparison to the Pentagon2|''Knock Nevis'', ex-''Seawise Giant'' (in red)}} ''Knock Nevis'' was renamed ''Mont'', and reflagged to [[Sierra Leone]] by new owners Amber Development for a final voyage to India where it was scrapped by Priyablue Industries. The vessel was beached on 22 December 2009.<ref name="bluepulz1209">{{Cite news |title=World's largest ship Knock Nevis to be scrapped |url=http://www.bluepulz.com/?Id=2245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708075844/http://www.bluepulz.com/?Id=2245 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-08 |work=Bluepulz |date=2009-12-16 |access-date=2010-06-04}}</ref><ref name=indianexpress /><ref>{{Cite web |title=World's Largest Ships: Supertanker – Knock Nevis |url=http://www.maritime-connector.com/ContentDetails/1433/gcgid/191/lang/English/World-s-Largest-Ships.wshtml |work=Maritime Connector |year=2010 |access-date=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814090101/http://www.maritime-connector.com/ContentDetails/1433/gcgid/191/lang/English/World-s-Largest-Ships.wshtml |archivedate=14 August 2008 }}</ref> The ship's 36 tonne anchor was saved and sent to the [[Hong Kong Maritime Museum]] for exhibition.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Recycled ULCC's anchor arrives in Hong Kong |url=http://www.tankeroperator.com/news/recycled-ulccs-anchor-arrives-in-hong-kong/2026.aspx |work=Tanker Operator |date=2010-07-02 |access-date=2014-11-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Wilhelmsen Ships Service |title=Main Anchor of the Jahre Viking/Seawise Giant arrives in Hong Kong |url=http://www.micportal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3996:main-anchor-of-the-jahre-vikingseawise-giant-arrives-in-hong-kong&catid=21:world-ports&Itemid=32 |publisher=Maritime Information Centre |date=2010-07-01 |access-date=2011-09-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714085312/http://www.micportal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3996:main-anchor-of-the-jahre-vikingseawise-giant-arrives-in-hong-kong&catid=21:world-ports&Itemid=32 |archivedate=14 July 2011}}</ref> == Size record == ''Seawise Giant'' was the longest ship ever constructed, at 458.45 m, longer than the height of many of the world's tallest buildings. Although slightly smaller than [[Taipei 101]]'s {{Convert|509|m|abbr=on}}, she was larger than the [[Petronas Towers]]' {{Convert|451.9|m|abbr=on}}. Despite a great length, ''Seawise Giant'' was not the [[Timeline of largest passenger ships|largest ship]] by gross tonnage, ranking sixth at 260,941 GT, behind the crane ship [[Pioneering Spirit (ship)|''Pioneering Spirit'']] and the four 274,838 to 275,276 GT [[Batillus-class supertanker|''Batillus''-class supertankers]]. She is the longest and largest by deadweight: 564,763 tonnes.<ref name=ShipsMonthly1>{{Citation | last= Shaw |first= John |title= Pioneering Spirit: Profile of the World's Biggest Ship |journal=[[Ships Monthly]]|volume= |pages= 33–37 |date= May 2018 }}</ref><ref name=Allseas1>{{Cite web |url= http://allseas.com/equipment/pioneering-spirit/ |title= Pioneering Spirit |last= |first= |date= |website=Allseas.com |publisher= |access-date=}}</ref> ''Seawise Giant'' was featured on the [[BBC]] series ''[[Jeremy Clarkson's Extreme Machines]]'' while sailing as ''Jahre Viking''. According to it's captain, S. K. Mohan, the ship could reach up to {{Convert|16.5|knots|km/h}} in good weather. It took [https://www.maritimemanual.com/knock-nevis-worlds-largest-ship-ever-its-last-journey-to-alang/#The_vastness_of_the_ship {{Convert|5+1/2|miles|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} for the ship to stop from that speed], and the [[Turning radius|turning circle]] in clear weather was about {{Convert|2|miles|abbr=on|0|order=flip}}.<ref>{{Cite episode | title=Powerrrrr!: ''Yara Viking'' Ship, Largest Man Made Moving Machine on the Planet! | episodelink= | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX2HFVHbo18 | series=[[Jeremy Clarkson's Extreme Machines]] | credits=Jeremy Clarkson | network=BBC | airdate=15 August 2008 | access-date=14 June 2010}}</ref> ==See also== *[[List of longest ships]] *[[TI-class supertanker]] *[[Freedom Ship]] {{Clear|right}} ==References== {{Reflist|33em}} ==Further reading== *{{Cite news | last=Watt |first=Nick |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/Story?id=4087781&page=1 |title=Skipper Shortage: Supply Not Keeping Pace |accessdate=5 April 2008 |date=4 January 2007 |work=ABC News Nightline}} *{{Cite book|title= Tanker Register 1987 |last=Clarkson Research Studies Ltd. |year=1987 |publisher= International Publication Service |isbn= 0-8002-4143-6}} ==External links== {{Commons category|IMO 7381154}} *{{YouTube|WX2HFVHbo18 Video of Jahre Viking}} *{{YouTube|QxbY1wR87b0|Seawise Giant-launch in 1979}} {{1988 shipwrecks}} [[Category:1979 ships]] [[Category:Maritime incidents in 1988]] [[Category:Fred. Olsen & Co.]] [[Category:Floating production storage and offloading vessels]] [[Category:Oil tankers]] [[Category:Ships built in Japan]] [[Category:Ships built by Sumitomo Heavy Industries]] [[Category:Iran–Iraq War]] [[Category:Tankers of Norway]] [[Category:Construction records]]'