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'{{More citations needed|date=October 2009}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}} {{Infobox protected area | name = San Antonio Missions<br/>National Historical park lol | iucn_category = | map = Texas#USA |relief=yes |label = San Antonio Missions National Historical Park |marker_size = 6 |label_position =Bottom | map_caption = | photo = Mission Concepcion San Antonio.JPG | photo_caption = Mission Concepción | location = [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], [[United States|USA]] | nearest_city = [[San Antonio|San Antonio, TX]] | coordinates = {{coord|29|21|42|N|98|28|49|W|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | area_acre = 948 | area_ref = <br /><span style="font-size:87%;">{{convert|463|acre}} federal</span><ref name="area">{{NPS area |year=2011 |accessdate=March 19, 2012}}</ref> | established = {{start date|1983|April|1}} | visitation_num = 614,810 | visitation_year = 2012 | visitation_ref = <ref name="visits">{{NPS visitation |accessdate=November 4, 2013}}</ref> | governing_body = [[National Park Service]] | website = [http://www.nps.gov/saan/ San Antonio Missions National Historical Park] | embedded1 = {{designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_partof = [[San Antonio Missions (World Heritage Site)|San Antonio Missions]] | designation1_date = 2015 <small>(39th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small> | designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)}}(ii) | designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1466 1466] | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = {{USA}} | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in North America|Europe and North America]] }}}}<!-- Note: site's category is unset in IUCN database, but appears to conform with Category V --> '''San Antonio Missions National Historical Park''' is a [[National Historic Site (United States)|National Historical Park]] and part of a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] preserving four of the five [[Spain|Spanish]] frontier missions in [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], USA. These outposts were established by [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[religious order]]s to spread [[Christianity]] among the local [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|natives]]. These missions formed part of a colonization system that stretched across the Spanish Southwest in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. In geographic order from north (upstream of the [[San Antonio River]]) to south (downstream) the missions are located as follows: Mission Concepción, Mission San Jose, Mission San Juan, and Mission Espada. The Espada Aqueduct, also part of the Park, is due east of Mission San Juan, across the river. The fifth (and best known) mission in San Antonio, [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|the Alamo]], is not part of the Park. It is located upstream from Mission Concepción, in [[downtown San Antonio]], and is owned by the State of Texas. The Alamo was operated by the [[Daughters of the Republic of Texas]] until July 2015, when custodianship was turned over to the [[Texas General Land Office]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zavala|first1=Elizabeth|title=Daughters of the Republic of Texas conclude custodianship of the Alamo|url=http://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Daughers-of-the-Republic-of-Texas-conclude-6378467.php|accessdate=September 4, 2015|publisher=San Antonio Express-News|date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> On July 5, 2015, the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, along with the [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio]], was designated a [[San Antonio Missions (World Heritage Site)|UNESCO World Heritage site]].<ref>Associated Press. [http://www.yourhoustonnews.com/courier/news/world-heritage-status-for-the-alamo-japan-industrial-sites/article_cb2c8639-26aa-508d-bd3a-d9a6da286c1a.html World heritage status for The Alamo, Japan industrial sites], ''Conroe Courier'', July 5, 2015.</ref> ==Mission Reach Ecosystem Restoration and Recreation project== In October 2013, the Mission Reach Ecosystem Restoration and Recreation project was completed, adding 15 miles of hiking, biking, and paddling trails to the San Antonio Missions.<ref>http://www.sanantonioriver.org/mission_reach/mission_reach.php</ref> This project connects Mission Concepcion, Mission San Jose, Mission San Juan, and Mission Espada to the San Antonio Riverwalk, through a series of park portals. Visitors can experience the Missions by walking, bicycling,<ref>http://www.missionbiketour.com</ref><ref>http://www.sanantonioriver.org/documents/bike-trail.pdf</ref> or using San Antonio's new VIVA Culture bus routes.<ref>http://therivardreport.com/viva-mission-centro-and-culture-routes-now-open/</ref> ==Administrative history== The park was originally established in 1975 as the '''Mission Parkway''' on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] encompassing 84 separate historical sites along the San Antonio River on the southern side of the city of San Antonio.<ref name=THC>[http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/common/view_narrative.asp?narrative=75001953.htm&title=Mission%20Parkway&filepath=E:\atlas_text\nr_listed\html Texas Historical Commission]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Within this listing, the National Historical Park was authorized on November 10, 1978. It was established on April 1, 1983, containing many cultural sites along with some natural areas. Portions of the four missions are owned by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio|Archdiocese of San Antonio]] and are still run as active parishes. In 1905, custodianship for the [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|Alamo]] was entrusted to the [[Daughters of the Republic of Texas]] (DRT). In 2010, the office of the [[Texas Attorney General]] received a complaint that the DRT had been mismanaging not only the site, but the funds allocated for its management, and an investigation was begun.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fernandez|first1=Manny|title=In Texas, Another Skirmish Brews at the Alamo|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/us/in-texas-a-management-skirmish-brews-at-the-alamo.html?_r=0|accessdate=September 4, 2015|work=New York Times|date=November 30, 2012}}</ref> After two years, the Attorney General's office concluded that the DRT had mismanaged the Alamo, and cited numerous instances of misconduct on the DRT's part, including failing to properly maintain the Alamo in good order and repair, mismanagement of state funds, and breach of fiduciary duty.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Perez|first1=Nicole|title=Texas Attorney General's Office alleges DRT mismanaged The Alamo|url=http://www.ksat.com/news/texas-attorney-generals-office-alleges-drt-mismanaged-the-alamo|accessdate=September 4, 2015|agency=KSAT News|publisher=Graham Media Group|date=November 21, 2012}}</ref> During the course of the investigation, in 2011, a state law was passed, signed by then-governor [[Rick Perry]], to transfer custodianship of the Alamo from the DRT to the [[Texas General Land Office]] (GLO). The transfer was officially enacted in 2015. While the DRT initially objected to the Attorney General's report, and even went so far as to file a lawsuit to prevent the transfer, the organization eventually vowed to work with the Texas GLO to preserve the Alamo for generations to come.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gonzalez|first1=John W.|title=DRT bids farewell to 110-year Alamo role|url=http://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/DRT-bids-farewell-to-110-year-Alamo-role-6376255.php/|accessdate=February 28, 2017|publisher=San Antonio Express-News|date=July 9, 2015}}</ref> In July 2015, the missions were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Sites in Norway, Germany, Israel, UK and USA inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List|url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1316/|website = UNESCO |accessdate=July 5, 2015 | first = |last =}}</ref> ==Mission Concepción== {{main|Mission Concepcion}} [[file:Mission Concepcion San Antonio 1.JPG|thumb|Misión Concepción]] '''Misión Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña''' was established in 1716 as Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Hainais in East Texas. The mission was moved in 1731 to San Antonio. Founded by [[Franciscan]] friars, this is the best preserved of the [[Spanish missions in Texas|Texas missions]]. Located at 807 Mission Road, [[Mission Concepcion]] was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] on April 15, 1970. In 2002, Archbishop Patrick Flores appointed Father Jim Rutkowski the archdiocesan administrator of Mission Concepcion. As such, Fr. Rutkowski has been charged with the pastoral duties associated with the operation of the active church congregation. In 2009-10 Las Misiones Foundation began an active, aggressive campaign to restore the interior of the Mission. Restoration of the mission's interior was completed in March 2010 after six months of work. Fr. Rutkowski continues to offer Sunday Mass regularly for the Mission community. ==Mission San José==<!-- This section is linked from [[Mission San José]] --> {{main|Mission San José (Texas)}} [[Image:Mission San José San Antonio.JPG|thumb|Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo.]] '''Misión San José y San Miguel de Aguayo''' was established in 1720. Located at 6519 San Jose Drive, it was designated the '''San Jose Mission National Historic Site''' in 1941. The historic site was administratively listed on the National Register on October 15, 1966. The church, which is still standing, was constructed in 1768. Mission San Jose was founded by Father [[Antonio Margil]]. The park's visitor center is located adjacent. :''Other missions bearing the name '''San José''' include the [[Mission San José (California)|Mission San José]] located in [[Fremont, California]], and the [[Misión San Jose de Comondú]] in [[Baja California Sur]].'' {{clear}} ==Mission San Juan Capistrano== [[File:Mission san juan capistrano 2014.jpg|thumb|Mission San Juan Capistrano]] {{main|Mission San Juan Capistrano (Texas)}} '''Misión San Juan Capistrano''' was established in 1716 as '''Misión San Jose de los Nazonis''' in East Texas.<ref name="ci.sat.tx.us"/> The mission was renamed and moved in 1731 to San Antonio. Located on Mission Road, San Juan was listed on the National Register on February 23, 1972. :''Another mission bearing the name '''San Juan Capistrano''' is the [[Mission San Juan Capistrano]] in San Juan Capistrano, California.'' {{clear}} ==Mission Espada== {{main|Mission San Francisco de la Espada}} [[File:Mission Espada Chapel2.JPG|thumb|Mission Espada]] '''Misión San Francisco de la Espada''' was established in 1690 as '''San Francisco de los Tejas''' near present-day Augusta.<ref name="ci.sat.tx.us">http://www.ci.sat.tx.us/LIBRARY/texana/sachronology.asp?res=1024&ver=true</ref> and renamed '''San Francisco de los Neches''' in 1721. The mission was moved in 1731 to San Antonio and given its current name. Located on Espada Road, this mission was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on February 23, 1972. {{clear}} ==Additional locations== [[Image:Espada Acequia.JPG|thumb|upright|Espada Acequia]] The Park includes two other locations listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]: *[[Espada Acequia|Espada Aqueduct]], listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1964 *[[Ethel Wilson Harris House]], listed in 2001 ==See also== {{Portal|National Register of Historic Places|Texas}} *[[Acequia Park]] *[[Alamo Mission in San Antonio]] *[[College of Guadalupe de Zacatecas]] *[[College of Santa Cruz de Querétaro]] *[[San Antonio Missions (World Heritage Site)]] *[[San Antonio Missions National Historical Park Boundary Expansion Act of 2013]] *[[Spanish missions in Texas]] ==References== {{reflist}} * ''The National Parks: Index 2001–2003''. Washington: [[United States Department of the Interior|U.S. Department of the Interior]]. == External links == {{commons category}} * Official NPS website: [http://www.nps.gov/saan/ San Antonio Missions National Historical Park] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090121183119/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1013&ResourceType=Building Mission Concepcion NHL information] * [http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/2sanantonio/2sanantonio.htm ''San Antonio Missions: Spanish Influence in Texas,'' a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070327032902/http://www.archdiosa.org/parishes/church/bexar/mission_conception.html Mission Conception parish] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070328230409/http://www.archdiosa.org/parishes/church/bexar/san_francisco_de_la_espada.html Mission San Francisco de la Espada parish] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070328024542/http://www.archdiosa.org/parishes/church/bexar/mission_san_jose.html Mission San Jose parish] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070327234844/http://www.archdiosa.org/parishes/church/bexar/mission_san_juan.html Mission San Juan Capistrano parish] *{{Handbook of Texas|id=uqn09|name=Mission Conception}} *{{Handbook of Texas|id=uqs23|name=Mission San Jose}} * [http://visitsanantonio.com/english/Explore-San-Antonio/Only-in-San-Antonio/The-Alamo/The-San-Antonio-Missions The San Antonio Missions] San Antonio Conventions and Visitors Bureau {{National Historical Parks of the United States}} {{San Antonio}} {{missions-by-country}} {{National Register of Historic Places}} {{Protected areas of Texas}} {{World Heritage Sites in the United States}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:San Antonio Missions National Historical Park| ]] [[Category:Museums in San Antonio]] [[Category:Parks in San Antonio]] [[Category:National Register of Historic Places in San Antonio]] [[Category:Archaeological sites in Texas]] [[Category:History museums in Texas]] [[Category:Protected areas established in 1983]] [[Category:Religious museums in Texas]] [[Category:National Park Service areas in Texas]] [[Category:Colonial United States (Spanish)]] [[Category:Protected areas of Bexar County, Texas]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in the United States]] [[Category:National Historical Parks of the United States]]'