Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
|coordinates = {{coord|53.6139|-0.2183|display=inline,title}}
|official_name = Immingham
|static_image_name = Queens Road - A1173 - geograph.org.uk - 218590.jpg
|static_image_caption = Queens Road, Immingham
|population = 6969
|population_ref = (2069 Census)<ref name="2011 parish"/>
|unitary_england = [[North East Lincolnshire]]
|lieutenancy_england = [[Lincolnshire]]
|region = Yorkshire and the Humber
|constituency_westminster = [[Cleethorpes (UK Parliament constituency)|Cleethorpes]]
|post_town = IMMINGHAM
|postcode_district = DN40
|postcode_area = DN
|dial_code = 01469
|os_grid_reference = TA178145
|london_distance_mi= 150<!-- straight line per MOS – constant and comparable with other place distances -->
|london_direction= S
}}
'''Immingham''' is a town, civil parish and ward in the [[North East Lincolnshire]] [[unitary authority]] of England. It is situated on the south-west bank of the [[Humber|Humber Estuary]], and is {{convert|6|mi|km|0}} north-west from [[Grimsby]].
The region was relatively unpopulated and undeveloped until the early 1900s, when the [[Great Central Railway]] began developing its [[Immingham Dock]]; as a consequence of the dock development, and of nearby post-Second World War large scale industrial developments Immingham developed from a minor place into a significant town during the 20th century. The Port of Immingham & Grimsby was the largest port in the United Kingdom by tonnage with 54 million tonnes of cargo passing through in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/908558/port-freight-statistics-2019.pdf |title=UK Port Freight Statistics: 2019|publisher=Department for Transport|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>
==Geography==
===Council ward===
The Immingham Ward of North East Lincolnshire Council includes [[Stallingborough]], [[Healing, Lincolnshire|Healing]] and [[Habrough]]. As of 2018, its elected councillors are Stewart Swinburn (Conservative), David Bolton (Labour), and David Watson (Labour).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/council/councillors-democracy-elections/wards/immingham/| title = Immingham Ward| access-date = 24 July 2015| work = North East Lincolnshire Council| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150725011324/http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/council/councillors-democracy-elections/wards/immingham/| archive-date = 25 July 2015}}</ref>
Population of the ward in 2001 was 11,804 persons (2001 census),<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13690202&c=immingham&d=14&e=15&g=6381741&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1437747843143&enc=1| title = Key Figures for 2001 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Immingham (Ward) |work = Neighbourhood Statistics |publisher = Office for National Statistics |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> and 11,507 persons in 2011 (2011 census).<ref>{{NOMIS2011| id=1237321375| title = Immingham 2011 Census Ward |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>
[[European route E22]] passes through Immingham on the [[A180 road (England)|A180]] and [[A160 road|A160]] via Immingham Dock.
===Civil parish===
The civil parish of Immingham is located on the south bank of the [[Humber Estuary]] {{convert|10|km|order=flip}} west-north-west of [[Grimsby]]. The civil parish is bounded by [[South Killingholme]] to the north-west, with the drain watercourse outfalling at South Killingholme Haven forming the boundary – also the county boundary between [[North Lincolnshire]] and [[North East Lincolnshire]]. The south-eastern boundary is with the civil parish of [[Stallingborough]], with the North Beck Drain forming most of the boundary. The parish extends to the south-west as far as Roxton, with boundaries to the south-west and south with the civil parishes of [[Habrough]] and [[Keelby]].<ref name="osm">Ordnance Survey 1:25000, Sheet 284, 2006</ref>
The civil parish is low lying, extending from below {{convert|5|m}} above sea level near the Humber foreshore, to a peak of {{convert|21|m}} in Roxton wood in the south-west corner. The main features within the parish are the Humber shoreline, running roughly north-west to south-east, the [[Immingham Dock]] and estate, and adjacent south of the dock the town of Immingham. The A180 and Stallingborough-Habrough section of the mainline railway west out of Grimsby ([[Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway]]) pass roughly east–west through the southern part of the parish. The A1173 connects the town and dock to the A180. Excluding farms there are no other places of habitation outside the town in the civil parish.<ref name="osm"/>
There are two abandoned sites of medieval villages in the parish: that of the village of Immingham, north-west of the modern town, near St Andrew's Church; and [[Roxton, Lincolnshire|Roxton]] in the southern extremity of the parish.<ref name="osm"/>
Population of the civil parish was 9,861 in 2001,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124996&c=immingham&d=16&e=15&g=6381743&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1437748089330&enc=1|title=Key Figures for 2001 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Immingham (Parish)|access-date=17 August 2015|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref> and 9,642 in 2011.<ref name="2011 parish">{{NOMIS2011|id=1170211313|title=Immingham Parish|access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>
===Town===
The town of Immingham is a compact urban area of approximately {{convert|1|sqmi}}, situated south-west of the dock in the middle of the parish. It is bisected by the B1210.<ref name="osm"/>
The town has a retail centre, "Kennedy Way", a swimming pool, and several schools.
On the north-eastern outskirts of the town there is a Knauf UK GmbH plant that makes [[plasterboard]].
==History==
===Etymology===
The name ''Immingham'' is thought to mean the "Homestead of the people of Imma";<ref>{{cite book| title =Scandinavian Settlement in the Territory of the Five Boroughs: The Place-name Evidence; Inaugural Lecture| first = Kenneth|last = Cameron| publisher = Nottingham University| year = 1966 |at = p.23, §45}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| journal = English Place-Name Society| year = 1975|title = _ | page =12}}</ref> (de)constructed from the elements "Imma" + ''inga'' + ''ham''.<ref name="namedic">{{cite book| title= A Dictionary of British Place-Names| first = David|last = Mills| at = Immingham, p.255}}</ref>
The place was referred to as ''Imungeham'' in the [[Domesday Book]], and recorded as ''Immingeham'' in around 1115.<ref name="namedic"/>
The termination "-ham" is [[Anglo-Saxon]] in origin.<ref>{{cite book| work = Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club| volume = 2| issue = 1851–1854|pages =155–6| title = Observations on Composite Names of Places (chiefly in Northumberland) of Anglo-Saxon Derivation| first = Ralph| last = Carr| date = 22 March 1851| publisher = F. & W. Dodsworth (Newcastle upon Tyne); Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. (London)}}</ref> The patronymic,{{refn|group="note"|The name "Imma" is found in use both as a male and female name. A Northumbrian aristocrat named Imma appears in Bede's [[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum]] (731 AD); whilst a female Imma is known as the daughter of [[Charlemagne]], spouse to Eginhard ([[Einhard]], 770–840 AD) }} (interpreted as "Imming" or "Emming") has been noted as occurring elsewhere, such as in ''Imminghausen'' ([[Immenhausen]]), or ''Emmingen'' ([[Emmingen-Liptingen]]) (Germany).<ref>{{cite book|title = Words and Places: Or, Etymological Illustrations of History, Ethnology, and Geography| first = Isaac | last = Taylor| publisher = Macmillan| year = 1864| page = 519}}</ref>
===Early history===
Immingham is mentioned (as ''Imungeham'') as a manor in the 11th-century [[Domesday Book]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://opendomesday.org/place/TA1714/immingham/| title = Immingham| work = opendomesday.org }}</ref>
[[File:St.Andrew's church, Immingham, Lincs. - geograph.org.uk - 85781.jpg|thumb|right|St Andrew's Church]]
Saint Andrew's church dates to the early medieval period, with much of the structure dating to the 13th century, with parts of the nave as early as the 11th or 12th century. The tower was constructed in the 16th/17th century, to a similar design to that found in nearby [[Aylesby]], [[Wootton, North Lincolnshire|Wootton]] and [[Healing, Lincolnshire|Healing]]. The structure was restored in the 1880s and 1920. A decorated octagonal font in the church dates to the 15th C.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=404}}<ref name="sta"/> The remains of a stone cross outside the church also dates to the medieval period.<ref name="cb"/>{{refn|The earthworks have been partially incorporated into a modern golf course.<ref name="cb"/> }}
There is archaeological evidence of the medieval settlement. Earthwork remains indicating a settlement and agricultural use exist near south of the church;<ref name="medset"/> earthwork remnants of a former [[shrunken village]] exist to the north of the church.<ref name="medvil"/> Archaeological evidence of saltmaking has been found north of the village (formerly in the parish of Harbrough, now within the dock estate), references to a saltmaking site here exist from the Domesday book, and in a late 12th-century document describing the gift of land including the saltpan to [[Newhouse Abbey]].<ref name="medsalt"/>
[[File:Pilgrims Memorial, Immingham - geograph.org.uk - 74866.jpg|thumb|right|Pilgrim Fathers' memorial]]
In 1608 the village briefly became a location in the story of the [[Pilgrim Fathers]] of America; their vessel was forced to put ashore due to bad weather, sailing up Killingholme Creek; the women of the party were allowed to sleep in the village church for the night, but news of this reached the authorities, with the consequence that the womenfolk were arrested, whilst the others escaped to the Netherlands. A popular protest secured the release of the women, who were then able to rejoin their families, and continue the journey.<ref>{{cite journal| first = Chris|last = Sharp| issue = August/September |year = 2001 |journal = British Heritage|title = _}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| url = http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/pilgrimsfaith.htm| title = The Pilgrims' Faith| first = Peter| last = Toon| author-link = Peter Toon| publisher = Gospel Communication| year = 1970| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081007212401/http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/pilgrimsfaith.htm| archive-date = 7 October 2008}}</ref>
In the later medieval period Immingham decline, reduced from 66 households in 1523 to 46 in 1723, in common with other Lincolnshire places on or near the Humber banks. The silting of the haven leading from the Humber has been supposed as one possible cause.<ref>{{cite book| title = English Peasant Farming: The Agrarian History of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times| first = Joan|last = Thirsk| orig-year = 1957| year =2010|pages = 142–146}}</ref>
Churchfield Manor, in the north-west of the town dates to the late 1600s/early 1700s.<ref name="cm"/> Belmont cottage south of the church dates to the early 1800s.<ref name="bc"/> Both are now listed structures.
The [[Ings]] at Immingham were enclosed in 1840.<ref name="gaz1872"/> A coastguard station erected in 1850.<ref name="gaz1872"/> The [[Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway]] (opened 1845) passed through the parish south of Immingham.{{sfn|Dow|1985|loc=pp.84–86; ''map'', inside cover}}
In the 1870s the parish of Immingham had a population of 237, whilst Roxton was still known as a small hamlet. The parish had an area of {{convert|3195|acre}} which was mostly good grazing land – much of which was owned by the [[Earl of Yarborough]].<ref name="gaz1872"/> In addition to the church the village also had Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels.<ref name="gaz1872"/>
===1900–1950===
[[File:Pelham Road, Immingham - geograph.org.uk - 1122060.jpg|thumb|"Tin house" Iron clad housing built 1907. (2009)]]
Building of the [[Immingham Dock]] began in 1906, and it was opened by [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] on 22 July 1912. In part funded by the [[Great Central Railway]], the dock property was {{convert|2+1/2|by|1|mi|km|1}}; covering {{convert|1000|acre|ha|0}}, with {{convert|45|acre|ha}} of water.{{sfn|Dow|1965|pp=231, 242, 260}} A railway line to the north-west, the [[Barton and Immingham Light Railway]] was opened in 1912. The docks were connected to their primary supply of labour in Grimsby by the [[Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway]], opened 1912.<ref>{{cite book| title = The Tramways of South Yorkshire and Humberside| first1 = W.H.|last1= Bett|first2 = J.C.|last2= Gillham|editor-first = J.H.| editor-last = Price| publisher = Light Railway Transport League}}</ref> As part of the development of the new port some wood framed, corrugated iron clad housing was constructed; several of these survived to the 21st century, and one of these dated 1907 is now a listed structure.<ref name="ib"/>
During the [[First World War]], Immingham was a submarine base for [[British D class submarine]].<ref name="imm100">{{cite web|url=http://www.immingham100.co.uk/Events/Countdown/ |title=Countdown |publisher=Immingham 100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727064857/http://immingham100.co.uk/Events/Countdown/| archive-date = 27 July 2013 |access-date=29 May 2013}}</ref> There was also an anti-aircraft battery in the town, manned with [[1 pounder]] and later a [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt AA gun|12-pounder gun]].<ref name="aa"/>
By the 1920s the village of Immingham had been eclipsed in importance by the port; a publication of the [[Cambridge University Press]] opined:
{{quote|Immingham is solely a commercial port; its official title of Immingham Dock describes it. There is no town and only a small population resident in this artificial creation|R.N. Rudmose Brown|1928.<ref>{{cite book|title = Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography|editor-first = Alan Grant| editor-last = Oglive| publisher = CUP Archive|year = 1928|chapter = 17. Holderness and the Humber| page=821|first = R.N. |last = Rudmose Brown}}</ref> }}
By the early 1930s housing development was scattered across several locations: most was along Pelham Road, of which the majority was east of the original village (St Andrew's church), centred around the ''County Hotel'', and close to the dock estate; further development had taken place south and south-east of the church, also on Pelham Road, in two locations each centred on one of the two nonconformist chapels. Almost all the housing was terraced, with the more generous ground plans found moving south-west along Pelham Road.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1932</ref> By the mid 1930s the village had grown as much to require a comprehensive school which opened in 1936.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=404}}
During the [[Second World War]], [[John Noel Dowland|John Dowland]] and [[Leonard Henry Harrison|Leonard Harrison]] received the [[George Cross]] for defusing a bomb that had fallen onto the grain ship SS ''Kildare'' in February 1940 in Immingham Dock.<ref name="imm100" /> Anti-aircraft batteries were located around the dock during the war,<ref name="aah22"/><ref name="aah21"/> as well as at Homestead Park,<ref name="aal"/> and near Immingham Grange.<ref name="aah37"/>
The Humber Force, part of the [[Home Fleet]] which had two cruisers and a destroyer flotilla, including [[HMS Afridi (F07)]] was based at Immingham during the war, as well as submarines including [[HMS Seal (N37)]].<ref name="imm100" />
===1950–present===
[[File:Kennedy Way Shopping Centre - geograph.org.uk - 600577.jpg|thumb|Kennedy Way Shopping Centre (2007)]]
At the beginning of the 1950s the village of Immingham had little expanded.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:10560. 1932, 1951, 1956</ref> Development of new [[Industry of the South Humber Bank|industries on the South Humber bank]] after the [[Second World War]] caused further growth of the town. By 1981 the population had risen to 11,506; making it North Lincolnshire's fourth town, after [[Grimsby]], [[Cleethorpes]] and [[Scunthorpe]].{{sfn|Ellis|Crowther|1990|p=302}}
The expansion of the village included: ''Eastfield County Junior School'' built in 1970; expansion of the comprehensive school, 1973;{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=404}} a shopping centre "Kennedy Way" constructed in 1965–7; and north of the centre 18 blocks of five storey flats constructed by [[George Wimpey]] from 1965;{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=405}} a Civic Centre also opened in 1965.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=405}}
Standard housing also expanded: By 1968 there were many new side streets, in particular a new estate encompassed by Pilgrim Avenue; development along Pelham Road had become almost continuous, and the new village now expanding north-west towards the old Immingham.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:10560. 1951, 1956, 1968</ref> Further growth took place in the late 1960 and 1970s: north-west of Pelham Road, with the village continuous towards Church Lane; a new estate south-east of Pilgrim Road; as well as further infilling to the south-west.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:10560/10000. 1968, 1972–4</ref>
[[Immingham Dock railway station|Immingham Dock Station]], originally part of the [[Barton and Immingham Light Railway]] closed in 1969,<ref name="ids"/> whilst [[Immingham Museum]] was established in 1970.<ref name="mus">{{cite web| url = http://www.imminghammuseum.org/?page_id=223| title = Immingham Museum – About| publisher = Immingham Museum| access-date = 24 July 2015| date = 13 September 2013}}</ref>{{refn|group="note"|As of 2015 housed in the Civic Centre.<ref name="mus"/>}} In 1979 the Kennedy Way centre was extended to house a further supermarket and other shop units.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} The local council added a Sports centre in 1980.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=405}} The expansion of the new town had peaked by the mid 1980s, with only minor extra expansion in the next two decades to 2006.<ref>Ordnance Survey. 1:10000, 1872–1985; 1:25000, 2006</ref>
In 2007 Immingham School was renamed [[Oasis Academy Immingham]].
Supermarket retailers [[Somerfield]] took over a former [[Kwik Save]] shop at Kennedy Way c.2006; the branch became part of the [[Co-op]] after the takeover of the chain in 2010; in 2014 the Co-op announced it was to close the shop (closed September 2014). Supermarket chain [[Aldi]] acquired the site in 2014 with the aim of opening a new store in 2015;<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Immingham-branch-Aldi-opened-year/story-21302933-detail/story.html| title=Immingham branch of Aldi will be opened next year| work=Grimsby Telegraph| date=28 June 2014| access-date=20 November 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043844/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Immingham-branch-Aldi-opened-year/story-21302933-detail/story.html| archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> the store was opened in May 2015 by the Mayor of Immingham.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aldi.co.uk/en/about-aldi/new-stores/immingham/|title=ALDI Immingham|work=ALDI|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/100-shoppers-queue-look-new-Immingham-Aldi-store/story-26501632-detail/story.html| title = Shoppers queue from 9pm last night to be first through door of new Aldi store| work = Grimsby Telegraph| date = 14 May 2014| access-date = 24 July 2015| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150724221105/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/100-shoppers-queue-look-new-Immingham-Aldi-store/story-26501632-detail/story.html| archive-date = 24 July 2015}}</ref>
The town's [[Yorkshire Bank]] closed in August 2009 after 40 years of operation.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.humberbusiness.com/news/Jobs-saved-axe-falls-bank/article-953829-detail/article.html | title = Jobs saved as axe falls on bank| work = www.humberbusiness.com| date = 1 May 2009}}{{dead link|date=July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> the [[Norwich and Peterborough Building Society]] closed their Immingham office in March 2010;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Closure-Norwich-Peterborough-Building-Society-cost-jobs/article-1566864-detail/article.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120912081517/http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Closure-Norwich-Peterborough-Building-Society-cost-jobs/article-1566864-detail/article.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 September 2012 |title=Closure at Norwich and Peterborough Building Society in Immingham North East Lincolnshire will cost jobs |work=This is Grimsby |date=2 December 2009 |access-date=29 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Barclays Bank]] closed their branch in the centre in late 2010.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}
In 2012 planning permission was granted for a new large [[Tesco]] store to the north of Immingham Civic Centre, (originally consented 2009.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Shopping-development-big-boost-Immingham/article-653146-detail/article.html| title = New Tesco plan is unveiled| work = This is Grimsby| date = 29 January 2009| access-date = 3 February 2016| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110101061157/http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Shopping-development-big-boost-Immingham/article-653146-detail/article.html| archive-date = 1 January 2011}}</ref>), and refurbishment and alterations to the Kennedy Way shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=ZZZZVHLJXB770 | title =DC/77/12/IMM – Variation of Condition 33 attached to planning application DC/584/09/IMM for redevelopment of Kennedy Way District Centre to allow amendment to approved scheme including reconfiguration of existing retail floor area and the provision of 664msq (gross external) additional retail floor area |type = planning application| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| date = 10 February 2012|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=ZZZZVJLJXB362| title =DC/584/09/IMM – Redevelopment and refurbishment of the Kennedy Way District Centre, Immingham, for a food store (A1), retail units (A1), provide new shop fronts to existing units, change of use to financial and professional services (A2) of 17–19 Kennedy Way, associated access, parking, hard and soft landscaping and associated works |type = planning application| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| date = 20 August 2009 |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> Preparatory work on a £10 million Tesco supermarket began 2014, with the Immingham Sports Centre to be demolished;<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Revamp-Kennedy-Way-shopping-precinct-Immingham/story-20665980-detail/story.html| title = Revamp of Kennedy Way shopping precinct in Immingham has got 'everyone buzzing'| date = 20 February 2014| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a new sports facility was to be provided at [[Oasis Academy Immingham|Oasis Academy]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/news/2014/feb/major-works-start-immingham-s-kennedy-shopping-centre/| title = Major works start at Immingham's Kennedy Way shopping centre| date = February 2014| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| type = press release| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204111737/https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/news/2014/feb/major-works-start-immingham-s-kennedy-shopping-centre/| archive-date = 4 February 2016|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> A {{convert|1988|sqft}} [[Poundstretcher]] opened in November 2014 at the development,<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/New-store-open-days-early-demand/story-24538815-detail/story.html| title = New Immingham Poundstretcher store opening today so shoppers can see what's on offer| date = 15 November 2014| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and [[B & M]] store in December 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/New-store-opened-Mayors/story-25697003-detail/story.html| title = B&M store in Immingham opened by TWO mayors & brings 30 jobs to town| date = 12 December 2014| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The new "Multi User Games Area" (MUGA) opened March 2015.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Kids-kick-new-150k-Immingham-sports-facility/story-26249651-detail/story.html| title = Kids get a kick out of new £150k Immingham sports facility| date = 30 March 2015| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
In January 2015 Tesco announced cost-cutting plans following falling sales, and halted development of 49 stores,<ref>{{cite news| url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-30712762| title = Tesco to close 43 stores despite better Christmas sales| first = Joe|last = Miller| date = 8 January 2015| publisher = BBC |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jan/08/tesco-chief-unveils-dramatic-shake-up-troubled-supermarket| title = Tesco chief unveils dramatic shakeup at troubled supermarket| first = Zoe| last = Wood| date = 8 January 2015 | work =The Guardian |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> The built but unopened store in Immingham was [[:wikt:mothballing|mothballed]],<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-30743683| title = Immingham Tesco store decision 'a disgrace'| work = BBC News Humberside| date = 9 January 2015|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> having had its opening previously delayed.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Opening-Immingham-s-new-Tesco-store-delayed/story-22893506-detail/story.html| title= Opening of Immingham's new Tesco store delayed for a second time| work= Grimsby Telegraph| date= 8 September 2014| access-date= 20 November 2014| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045352/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Opening-Immingham-s-new-Tesco-store-delayed/story-22893506-detail/story.html| archive-date= 29 November 2014}}</ref> As of late 2015 the unopened Tesco supermarket was being retained by Tesco.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Mothballed-Immingham-store-14-sites-sold-Tesco/story-27992624-detail/story.html| title = Mothballed Immingham store NOT among 14 sites to be sold by Tesco| date = 15 October 2015| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On 20 September 2018 Tesco opened one of their first Jack's stores in the unused building.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsby-news/what-shoppers-think-tescos-new-2024940|title=What shoppers think of the new Jack's store as it opens its doors|date=20 September 2018|access-date=22 November 2018|work=Grimsby Telegraph}}</ref>
In early 2016 work began on the reconstruction of Immingham Civic Centre – an aim was to concentrate public services at one location including Immingham Town Council, North East Lincolnshire Council offices, Humberside Police offices, Shoreline (housing agent) offices, a Library and the Immingham museum, which portrays the role of the [[Great Central Railway]] in the building of the docks and construction of the local rail network.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Pioneering-development-Immingham-unite-essential/story-28654921-detail/story.html| title = Pioneering development in Immingham will unite essential community services under one roof| date = 3 February 2016| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=NLINAHLJLEE00 | title = DM/0254/15/FUL – Demolish existing library & store structures, extension & internal rearrangement of Immingham Civic Centre .. | date = 30 March 2015| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| type = planning application |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> The museum, which is home to the Great Central Railway Society archive, is open from 1pm to 4pm, Wednesday to Saturday from March through to November.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vintagecoach.com/railway/roadim.htm|title=Immingham Museum|website=www.vintagecoach.com|access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gcrsociety.co.uk/Immmuseum.html|title=Immingham Museum|website=www.gcrsociety.co.uk|access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref>
==Roxton==
There was once a village at Roxton. The medieval village is evidenced by earthworks, as well a nearby cropmarking to the east.<ref name="medrid"/><ref name="rox"/> Additionally there may once have been a moated enclosure between Immingham and Roxton, now lost and not visible on modern maps.<ref name="ms"/>
==Notable people==
* [[Sean Storey]], professional snooker player{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
* [[Ian Huntley]] (born 31 January 1974, Grimsby), [[Soham murders|Soham murderer]], lived at Immingham until the mid-1990s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1449738/Trail-of-underage-sex-and-violence-that-led-to-murders.html|title=Trail of underage sex and violence that led to murders|date=18 December 2003|work=The Telegraph |access-date=20 July 2012 | location=London}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Immingham Augustinian Friary]]
*[[Port of Immingham]]
*[[Port of Grimsby]]
*[[Industry of the South Humber Bank]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group="note"}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em| refs =
<ref name="cm">{{NHLE|num= 1161630 |desc= CHURCHFIELD MANOR |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="bc">{{NHLE|num= 1161631 |desc= BELMONT COTTAGE |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="ib">{{NHLE|num= 1391349 |desc= THE IRON BUNGALOW |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aah22">{{PastScape|num=1472424 |desc=HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H22|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aa">{{PastScape|num=1473798 |desc=IMMINGHAM HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aal">{{PastScape|num=1472363 |desc= HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER L |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aah37">{{PastScape|num= 1472436 |desc=HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H37|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aah21">{{PastScape|num= 1472359 |desc= HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H21|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="ms">{{PastScape|num= 80477 | desc=Medieval or Post Medieval moated site|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medset">{{PastScape|num= 1053655 | desc=Probable Medieval settlement |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medvil">{{PastScape|num= 80391 | desc= Shrunken Md.village rems.,Immingham |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medrid">{{PastScape|num= 1053653 |desc= Probable Medieval ridge and furrow |access-date=24 July 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name="rox">{{PastScape|num= 80462 |desc= ROXTON |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medsalt">{{PastScape|num=80411 |desc=Medieval salt making site|access-date=24 July 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name="ids">{{PastScape|num=498353 |desc=IMMINGHAM DOCK STATION|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="sta">{{NHLE|num= 1310011 |desc= CHURCH OF ST ANDREW|access-date=24 July 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name="cb">{{NHLE|num= 1161628 |desc= CROSS BASE APPROXIMATELY 8 METRES SOUTH OF CHURCH OF ST ANDREW |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="gaz1872">{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=VplQAAAAYAAJ | title = History, Gazetteer and Directory of Lincolnshire, and the City and Diocese of Lincoln| first = William| last = White| year= 1872| at = Immingham, p.540}}</ref>
}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book| title = Humber Perspectives – A region through the ages| editor-first = S.|editor-last = Ellis| editor-first2 = D.R.| editor-last2= Crowther| publisher = Hull University Press | year =1990| isbn = 0859584844}}
*{{cite book| work = Pevsner Architectural Guides| title = Lincolnshire| first1 = Nikolaus| last1 = Pevsner| first2= John | last2 = Harris| first3= Nicholas| last3 = Antram| edition = 2nd| orig-year=1989|year=2002| publisher = Yale University Press| isbn = 9780300096200}}
*{{cite book|title = Great Central|volume = 1. The Progenitors, 1813–1863| first = George|last = Dow| author-link=George Dow | orig-year =1959| year = 1985 | publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] | isbn = 071101468X }}
*{{cite book |last=Dow |first=George |author-link=George Dow |title=Great Central| volume = 3. Fay Sets the Pace, 1900–1922 |year=1965 |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] |isbn=0-7110-0263-0 }}
{{refend}}
===Literature===
*{{cite book| title =Immingham: the story of a village| first =Alan R.| last = Tailby| isbn = 0950151408| year = 1970| publisher = Immingham Parish Council }}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Immingham}}
* {{cite web|url =http://www.abports.co.uk/Our_Locations/Humber/Immingham/| title = Immingham| work = www.abports.co.uk}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.imminghammuseum.org/| title = Immingham Museum| work = www.imminghammuseum.org}}
* {{cite web| url = http://www.immingham-tc.gov.uk/ | title = Immingham Town Council| work= www.immingham-tc.gov.uk }}
{{Portal bar|England|United Kingdom}}
{{Lincolnshire|state=collapsed}}
{{North East Lincolnshire (district) |state=collapsed}}
{{Associated British Ports}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Immingham| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Yorkshire and the Humber]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
[[Category:Borough of North East Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Lincolnshire]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
|coordinates = {{coord|53.6139|-0.2183|display=inline,title}}
|official_name = Immingham
|static_image_name = Queens Road - A1173 - geograph.org.uk - 218590.jpg
|static_image_caption = Queens Road, Immingham
|population = 6969
|population_ref = (2069 Census)<ref name="2011 parish"/>
|unitary_england = [[North East Lincolnshire]]
|lieutenancy_england = [[Lincolnshire]]
|region = Yorkshire and the Humber
|constituency_westminster = [[Cleethorpes (UK Parliament constituency)|Cleethorpes]]
|post_town = IMMINGHAM
|postcode_district = DN40
|postcode_area = DN
|dial_code = 01469
|os_grid_reference = TA178145
|london_distance_mi= 150<!-- straight line per MOS – constant and comparable with other place distances -->
|london_direction= S
}}
'''Immingham''' is a town, civil parish and ward in the [[North East Lincolnshire]] [[unitary authority]] of England. It is situated on the south-west bank of the [[Humber|Humber Estuary]], and is {{convert|6|mi|km|0}} north-west from [[Grimsby]].
The region was relatively unpopulated and undeveloped until the early 1900s, when the [[Great Central Railway]] began developing its [[Immingham Dock]]; as a consequence of the dock development, and of nearby post-Second World War large scale industrial developments Immingham developed from a minor place into a significant town during the 20th century. The Port of Immingham & Grimsby was the largest port in the United Kingdom by tonnage with 54 million tonnes of cargo passing through in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/908558/port-freight-statistics-2019.pdf |title=UK Port Freight Statistics: 2019|publisher=Department for Transport|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>
==Geography==
===Council ward===
The Immingham Ward of North East Lincolnshire Council includes [[Stallingborough]], [[Healing, Lincolnshire|Healing]] and [[Habrough]]. As of 2018, its elected councillors are Stewart Swinburn (Conservative), David Bolton (Labour), and David Watson (Labour).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/council/councillors-democracy-elections/wards/immingham/| title = Immingham Ward| access-date = 24 July 2015| work = North East Lincolnshire Council| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150725011324/http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/council/councillors-democracy-elections/wards/immingham/| archive-date = 25 July 2015}}</ref>
Population of the ward in 2001 was 11,804 persons (2001 census),<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13690202&c=immingham&d=14&e=15&g=6381741&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1437747843143&enc=1| title = Key Figures for 2001 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Immingham (Ward) |work = Neighbourhood Statistics |publisher = Office for National Statistics |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref> and 11,507 persons in 2011 (2011 census).<ref>{{NOMIS2011| id=1237321375| title = Immingham 2011 Census Ward |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>
[[European route E22]] passes through Immingham on the [[A180 road (England)|A180]] and [[A160 road|A160]] via Immingham Dock.
===Civil parish===
The civil parish of Immingham is located on the south bank of the [[Humber Estuary]] {{convert|10|km|order=flip}} west-north-west of [[Grimsby]]. The civil parish is bounded by [[South Killingholme]] to the north-west, with the drain watercourse outfalling at South Killingholme Haven forming the boundary – also the county boundary between [[North Lincolnshire]] and [[North East Lincolnshire]]. The south-eastern boundary is with the civil parish of [[Stallingborough]], with the North Beck Drain forming most of the boundary. The parish extends to the south-west as far as Roxton, with boundaries to the south-west and south with the civil parishes of [[Habrough]] and [[Keelby]].<ref name="osm">Ordnance Survey 1:25000, Sheet 284, 2006</ref>
The civil parish is low lying, extending from below {{convert|5|m}} above sea level near the Humber foreshore, to a peak of {{convert|21|m}} in Roxton wood in the south-west corner. The main features within the parish are the Humber shoreline, running roughly north-west to south-east, the [[Immingham Dock]] and estate, and adjacent south of the dock the town of Immingham. The A180 and Stallingborough-Habrough section of the mainline railway west out of Grimsby ([[Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway]]) pass roughly east–west through the southern part of the parish. The A1173 connects the town and dock to the A180. Excluding farms there are no other places of habitation outside the town in the civil parish.<ref name="osm"/>
There are two abandoned sites of medieval villages in the parish: that of the village of Immingham, north-west of the modern town, near St Andrew's Church; and [[Roxton, Lincolnshire|Roxton]] in the southern extremity of the parish.<ref name="osm"/>
Population of the civil parish was 9,861 in 2001,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124996&c=immingham&d=16&e=15&g=6381743&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1437748089330&enc=1|title=Key Figures for 2001 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Immingham (Parish)|access-date=17 August 2015|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref> and 9,642 in 2011.<ref name="2011 parish">{{NOMIS2011|id=1170211313|title=Immingham Parish|access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>
===Town===
The town of Immingham is a compact urban area of approximately {{convert|1|sqmi}}, situated south-west of the dock in the middle of the parish. It is bisected by the B1210.<ref name="osm"/>
The town has a retail centre, "Kennedy Way", a swimming pool, and several schools.
On the north-eastern outskirts of the town there is a Knauf UK GmbH plant that makes [[plasterboard]].
==History==
===Etymology===
The name ''Immingham'' is thought to mean the "Homestead of the people of Imma";<ref>{{cite book| title =Scandinavian Settlement in the Territory of the Five Boroughs: The Place-name Evidence; Inaugural Lecture| first = Kenneth|last = Cameron| publisher = Nottingham University| year = 1966 |at = p.23, §45}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| journal = English Place-Name Society| year = 1975|title = _ | page =12}}</ref> (de)constructed from the elements "Imma" + ''inga'' + ''ham''.<ref name="namedic">{{cite book| title= A Dictionary of British Place-Names| first = David|last = Mills| at = Immingham, p.255}}</ref>
The place was referred to as ''Imungeham'' in the [[Domesday Book]], and recorded as ''Immingeham'' in around 1115.<ref name="namedic"/>
The termination "-ham" is [[Anglo-Saxon]] in origin.<ref>{{cite book| work = Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club| volume = 2| issue = 1851–1854|pages =155–6| title = Observations on Composite Names of Places (chiefly in Northumberland) of Anglo-Saxon Derivation| first = Ralph| last = Carr| date = 22 March 1851| publisher = F. & W. Dodsworth (Newcastle upon Tyne); Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. (London)}}</ref> The patronymic,{{refn|group="note"|The name "Imma" is found in use both as a male and female name. A Northumbrian aristocrat named Imma appears in Bede's [[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum]] (731 AD); whilst a female Imma is known as the daughter of [[Charlemagne]], spouse to Eginhard ([[Einhard]], 770–840 AD) }} (interpreted as "Imming" or "Emming") has been noted as occurring elsewhere, such as in ''Imminghausen'' ([[Immenhausen]]), or ''Emmingen'' ([[Emmingen-Liptingen]]) (Germany).<ref>{{cite book|title = Words and Places: Or, Etymological Illustrations of History, Ethnology, and Geography| first = Isaac | last = Taylor| publisher = Macmillan| year = 1864| page = 519}}</ref>
===Early history===
Immingham is mentioned (as ''Imungeham'') as a manor in the 11th-century [[Domesday Book]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://opendomesday.org/place/TA1714/immingham/| title = Immingham| work = opendomesday.org }}</ref>
[[File:St.Andrew's church, Immingham, Lincs. - geograph.org.uk - 85781.jpg|thumb|right|St Andrew's Church]]
Saint Andrew's church dates to the early medieval period, with much of the structure dating to the 13th century, with parts of the nave as early as the 11th or 12th century. The tower was constructed in the 16th/17th century, to a similar design to that found in nearby [[Aylesby]], [[Wootton, North Lincolnshire|Wootton]] and [[Healing, Lincolnshire|Healing]]. The structure was restored in the 1880s and 1920. A decorated octagonal font in the church dates to the 15th C.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=404}}<ref name="sta"/> The remains of a stone cross outside the church also dates to the medieval period.<ref name="cb"/>{{refn|The earthworks have been partially incorporated into a modern golf course.<ref name="cb"/> }}
There is archaeological evidence of the medieval settlement. Earthwork remains indicating a settlement and agricultural use exist near south of the church;<ref name="medset"/> earthwork remnants of a former [[shrunken village]] exist to the north of the church.<ref name="medvil"/> Archaeological evidence of saltmaking has been found north of the village (formerly in the parish of Harbrough, now within the dock estate), references to a saltmaking site here exist from the Domesday book, and in a late 12th-century document describing the gift of land including the saltpan to [[Newhouse Abbey]].<ref name="medsalt"/>
[[File:Pilgrims Memorial, Immingham - geograph.org.uk - 74866.jpg|thumb|right|Pilgrim Fathers' memorial]]
In 1608 the village briefly became a location in the story of the [[Pilgrim Fathers]] of America; their vessel was forced to put ashore due to bad weather, sailing up Killingholme Creek; the women of the party were allowed to sleep in the village church for the night, but news of this reached the authorities, with the consequence that the womenfolk were arrested, whilst the others escaped to the Netherlands. A popular protest secured the release of the women, who were then able to rejoin their families, and continue the journey.<ref>{{cite journal| first = Chris|last = Sharp| issue = August/September |year = 2001 |journal = British Heritage|title = _}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| url = http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/pilgrimsfaith.htm| title = The Pilgrims' Faith| first = Peter| last = Toon| author-link = Peter Toon| publisher = Gospel Communication| year = 1970| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081007212401/http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/pilgrimsfaith.htm| archive-date = 7 October 2008}}</ref>
In the later medieval period Immingham decline, reduced from 66 households in 1523 to 46 in 1723, in common with other Lincolnshire places on or near the Humber banks. The silting of the haven leading from the Humber has been supposed as one possible cause.<ref>{{cite book| title = English Peasant Farming: The Agrarian History of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times| first = Joan|last = Thirsk| orig-year = 1957| year =2010|pages = 142–146}}</ref>
Churchfield Manor, in the north-west of the town dates to the late 1600s/early 1700s.<ref name="cm"/> Belmont cottage south of the church dates to the early 1800s.<ref name="bc"/> Both are now listed structures.
The [[Ings]] at Immingham were enclosed in 1840.<ref name="gaz1872"/> A coastguard station erected in 1850.<ref name="gaz1872"/> The [[Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway]] (opened 1845) passed through the parish south of Immingham.{{sfn|Dow|1985|loc=pp.84–86; ''map'', inside cover}}
In the 1870s the parish of Immingham had a population of 237, whilst Roxton was still known as a small hamlet. The parish had an area of {{convert|3195|acre}} which was mostly good grazing land – much of which was owned by the [[Earl of Yarborough]].<ref name="gaz1872"/> In addition to the church the village also had Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels.<ref name="gaz1872"/>
===1900–1950===
[[File:Pelham Road, Immingham - geograph.org.uk - 1122060.jpg|thumb|"Tin house" Iron clad housing built 1907. (2009)]]
Building of the [[Immingham Dock]] began in 1906, and it was opened by [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] on 22 July 1912. In part funded by the [[Great Central Railway]], the dock property was {{convert|2+1/2|by|1|mi|km|1}}; covering {{convert|1000|acre|ha|0}}, with {{convert|45|acre|ha}} of water.{{sfn|Dow|1965|pp=231, 242, 260}} A railway line to the north-west, the [[Barton and Immingham Light Railway]] was opened in 1912. The docks were connected to their primary supply of labour in Grimsby by the [[Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway]], opened 1912.<ref>{{cite book| title = The Tramways of South Yorkshire and Humberside| first1 = W.H.|last1= Bett|first2 = J.C.|last2= Gillham|editor-first = J.H.| editor-last = Price| publisher = Light Railway Transport League}}</ref> As part of the development of the new port some wood framed, corrugated iron clad housing was constructed; several of these survived to the 21st century, and one of these dated 1907 is now a listed structure.<ref name="ib"/>
During the [[First World War]], Immingham was a submarine base for [[British D class submarine]].<ref name="imm100">{{cite web|url=http://www.immingham100.co.uk/Events/Countdown/ |title=Countdown |publisher=Immingham 100 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727064857/http://immingham100.co.uk/Events/Countdown/| archive-date = 27 July 2013 |access-date=29 May 2013}}</ref> There was also an anti-aircraft battery in the town, manned with [[1 pounder]] and later a [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt AA gun|12-pounder gun]].<ref name="aa"/>
By the 1920s the village of Immingham had been eclipsed in importance by the port; a publication of the [[Cambridge University Press]] opined:
{{quote|Immingham is solely a commercial port; its official title of Immingham Dock describes it. There is no town and only a small population resident in this artificial creation|R.N. Rudmose Brown|1928.<ref>{{cite book|title = Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography|editor-first = Alan Grant| editor-last = Oglive| publisher = CUP Archive|year = 1928|chapter = 17. Holderness and the Humber| page=821|first = R.N. |last = Rudmose Brown}}</ref> }}
By the early 1930s housing development was scattered across several locations: most was along Pelham Road, of which the majority was east of the original village (St Andrew's church), centred around the ''County Hotel'', and close to the dock estate; further development had taken place south and south-east of the church, also on Pelham Road, in two locations each centred on one of the two nonconformist chapels. Almost all the housing was terraced, with the more generous ground plans found moving south-west along Pelham Road.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1932</ref> By the mid 1930s the village had grown as much to require a comprehensive school which opened in 1936.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=404}}
During the [[Second World War]], [[John Noel Dowland|John Dowland]] and [[Leonard Henry Harrison|Leonard Harrison]] received the [[George Cross]] for defusing a bomb that had fallen onto the grain ship SS ''Kildare'' in February 1940 in Immingham Dock.<ref name="imm100" /> Anti-aircraft batteries were located around the dock during the war,<ref name="aah22"/><ref name="aah21"/> as well as at Homestead Park,<ref name="aal"/> and near Immingham Grange.<ref name="aah37"/>
The Humber Force, part of the [[Home Fleet]] which had two cruisers and a destroyer flotilla, including [[HMS Afridi (F07)]] was based at Immingham during the war, as well as submarines including [[HMS Seal (N37)]].<ref name="imm100" />
===1950–present===
[[File:Kennedy Way Shopping Centre - geograph.org.uk - 600577.jpg|thumb|Kennedy Way Shopping Centre (2007)]]
At the beginning of the 1950s the village of Immingham had little expanded.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:10560. 1932, 1951, 1956</ref> Development of new [[Industry of the South Humber Bank|industries on the South Humber bank]] after the [[Second World War]] caused further growth of the town. By 1981 the population had risen to 11,506; making it North Lincolnshire's fourth town, after [[Grimsby]], [[Cleethorpes]] and [[Scunthorpe]].{{sfn|Ellis|Crowther|1990|p=302}}
The expansion of the village included: ''Eastfield County Junior School'' built in 1970; expansion of the comprehensive school, 1973;{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=404}} a shopping centre "Kennedy Way" constructed in 1965–7; and north of the centre 18 blocks of five storey flats constructed by [[George Wimpey]] from 1965;{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=405}} a Civic Centre also opened in 1965.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=405}}
Standard housing also expanded: By 1968 there were many new side streets, in particular a new estate encompassed by Pilgrim Avenue; development along Pelham Road had become almost continuous, and the new village now expanding north-west towards the old Immingham.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:10560. 1951, 1956, 1968</ref> Further growth took place in the late 1960 and 1970s: north-west of Pelham Road, with the village continuous towards Church Lane; a new estate south-east of Pilgrim Road; as well as further infilling to the south-west.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:10560/10000. 1968, 1972–4</ref>
[[Immingham Dock railway station|Immingham Dock Station]], originally part of the [[Barton and Immingham Light Railway]] closed in 1969,<ref name="ids"/> whilst [[Immingham Museum]] was established in 1970.<ref name="mus">{{cite web| url = http://www.imminghammuseum.org/?page_id=223| title = Immingham Museum – About| publisher = Immingham Museum| access-date = 24 July 2015| date = 13 September 2013}}</ref>{{refn|group="note"|As of 2015 housed in the Civic Centre.<ref name="mus"/>}} In 1979 the Kennedy Way centre was extended to house a further supermarket and other shop units.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} The local council added a Sports centre in 1980.{{sfn|Pevsner|Harris|Antram|2002|p=405}} The expansion of the new town had peaked by the mid 1980s, with only minor extra expansion in the next two decades to 2006.<ref>Ordnance Survey. 1:10000, 1872–1985; 1:25000, 2006</ref>
In 2007 Immingham School was renamed [[Oasis Academy Immingham]].
Supermarket retailers [[Somerfield]] took over a former [[Kwik Save]] shop at Kennedy Way c.2006; the branch became part of the [[Co-op]] after the takeover of the chain in 2010; in 2014 the Co-op announced it was to close the shop (closed September 2014). Supermarket chain [[Aldi]] acquired the site in 2014 with the aim of opening a new store in 2015;<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Immingham-branch-Aldi-opened-year/story-21302933-detail/story.html| title=Immingham branch of Aldi will be opened next year| work=Grimsby Telegraph| date=28 June 2014| access-date=20 November 2014| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043844/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Immingham-branch-Aldi-opened-year/story-21302933-detail/story.html| archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> the store was opened in May 2015 by the Mayor of Immingham.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aldi.co.uk/en/about-aldi/new-stores/immingham/|title=ALDI Immingham|work=ALDI|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/100-shoppers-queue-look-new-Immingham-Aldi-store/story-26501632-detail/story.html| title = Shoppers queue from 9pm last night to be first through door of new Aldi store| work = Grimsby Telegraph| date = 14 May 2014| access-date = 24 July 2015| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150724221105/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/100-shoppers-queue-look-new-Immingham-Aldi-store/story-26501632-detail/story.html| archive-date = 24 July 2015}}</ref>
The town's [[Yorkshire Bank]] closed in August 2009 after 40 years of operation.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.humberbusiness.com/news/Jobs-saved-axe-falls-bank/article-953829-detail/article.html | title = Jobs saved as axe falls on bank| work = www.humberbusiness.com| date = 1 May 2009}}{{dead link|date=July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> the [[Norwich and Peterborough Building Society]] closed their Immingham office in March 2010;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Closure-Norwich-Peterborough-Building-Society-cost-jobs/article-1566864-detail/article.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120912081517/http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Closure-Norwich-Peterborough-Building-Society-cost-jobs/article-1566864-detail/article.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 September 2012 |title=Closure at Norwich and Peterborough Building Society in Immingham North East Lincolnshire will cost jobs |work=This is Grimsby |date=2 December 2009 |access-date=29 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Barclays Bank]] closed their branch in the centre in late 2010.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}
In 2012 planning permission was granted for a new large [[Tesco]] store to the north of Immingham Civic Centre, (originally consented 2009.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Shopping-development-big-boost-Immingham/article-653146-detail/article.html| title = New Tesco plan is unveiled| work = This is Grimsby| date = 29 January 2009| access-date = 3 February 2016| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110101061157/http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Shopping-development-big-boost-Immingham/article-653146-detail/article.html| archive-date = 1 January 2011}}</ref>), and refurbishment and alterations to the Kennedy Way shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=ZZZZVHLJXB770 | title =DC/77/12/IMM – Variation of Condition 33 attached to planning application DC/584/09/IMM for redevelopment of Kennedy Way District Centre to allow amendment to approved scheme including reconfiguration of existing retail floor area and the provision of 664msq (gross external) additional retail floor area |type = planning application| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| date = 10 February 2012|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=ZZZZVJLJXB362| title =DC/584/09/IMM – Redevelopment and refurbishment of the Kennedy Way District Centre, Immingham, for a food store (A1), retail units (A1), provide new shop fronts to existing units, change of use to financial and professional services (A2) of 17–19 Kennedy Way, associated access, parking, hard and soft landscaping and associated works |type = planning application| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| date = 20 August 2009 |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> Preparatory work on a £10 million Tesco supermarket began 2014, with the Immingham Sports Centre to be demolished;<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Revamp-Kennedy-Way-shopping-precinct-Immingham/story-20665980-detail/story.html| title = Revamp of Kennedy Way shopping precinct in Immingham has got 'everyone buzzing'| date = 20 February 2014| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a new sports facility was to be provided at [[Oasis Academy Immingham|Oasis Academy]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/news/2014/feb/major-works-start-immingham-s-kennedy-shopping-centre/| title = Major works start at Immingham's Kennedy Way shopping centre| date = February 2014| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| type = press release| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204111737/https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/news/2014/feb/major-works-start-immingham-s-kennedy-shopping-centre/| archive-date = 4 February 2016|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> A {{convert|1988|sqft}} [[Poundstretcher]] opened in November 2014 at the development,<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/New-store-open-days-early-demand/story-24538815-detail/story.html| title = New Immingham Poundstretcher store opening today so shoppers can see what's on offer| date = 15 November 2014| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and [[B & M]] store in December 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/New-store-opened-Mayors/story-25697003-detail/story.html| title = B&M store in Immingham opened by TWO mayors & brings 30 jobs to town| date = 12 December 2014| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The new "Multi User Games Area" (MUGA) opened March 2015.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Kids-kick-new-150k-Immingham-sports-facility/story-26249651-detail/story.html| title = Kids get a kick out of new £150k Immingham sports facility| date = 30 March 2015| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
In January 2015 Tesco announced cost-cutting plans following falling sales, and halted development of 49 stores,<ref>{{cite news| url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-30712762| title = Tesco to close 43 stores despite better Christmas sales| first = Joe|last = Miller| date = 8 January 2015| publisher = BBC |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jan/08/tesco-chief-unveils-dramatic-shake-up-troubled-supermarket| title = Tesco chief unveils dramatic shakeup at troubled supermarket| first = Zoe| last = Wood| date = 8 January 2015 | work =The Guardian |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> The built but unopened store in Immingham was [[:wikt:mothballing|mothballed]],<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-30743683| title = Immingham Tesco store decision 'a disgrace'| work = BBC News Humberside| date = 9 January 2015|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> having had its opening previously delayed.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Opening-Immingham-s-new-Tesco-store-delayed/story-22893506-detail/story.html| title= Opening of Immingham's new Tesco store delayed for a second time| work= Grimsby Telegraph| date= 8 September 2014| access-date= 20 November 2014| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045352/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Opening-Immingham-s-new-Tesco-store-delayed/story-22893506-detail/story.html| archive-date= 29 November 2014}}</ref> As of late 2015 the unopened Tesco supermarket was being retained by Tesco.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Mothballed-Immingham-store-14-sites-sold-Tesco/story-27992624-detail/story.html| title = Mothballed Immingham store NOT among 14 sites to be sold by Tesco| date = 15 October 2015| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On 20 September 2018 Tesco opened one of their first Jack's stores in the unused building.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsby-news/what-shoppers-think-tescos-new-2024940|title=What shoppers think of the new Jack's store as it opens its doors|date=20 September 2018|access-date=22 November 2018|work=Grimsby Telegraph}}</ref>
In early 2016 work began on the reconstruction of Immingham Civic Centre – an aim was to concentrate public services at one location including Immingham Town Council, North East Lincolnshire Council offices, Humberside Police offices, Shoreline (housing agent) offices, a Library and the Immingham museum, which portrays the role of the [[Great Central Railway]] in the building of the docks and construction of the local rail network.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Pioneering-development-Immingham-unite-essential/story-28654921-detail/story.html| title = Pioneering development in Immingham will unite essential community services under one roof| date = 3 February 2016| work = Grimsby Telegraph| access-date = 3 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=NLINAHLJLEE00 | title = DM/0254/15/FUL – Demolish existing library & store structures, extension & internal rearrangement of Immingham Civic Centre .. | date = 30 March 2015| publisher = North East Lincolnshire Council| type = planning application |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref> The museum, which is home to the Great Central Railway Society archive, is open from 1pm to 4pm, Wednesday to Saturday from March through to November.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vintagecoach.com/railway/roadim.htm|title=Immingham Museum|website=www.vintagecoach.com|access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gcrsociety.co.uk/Immmuseum.html|title=Immingham Museum|website=www.gcrsociety.co.uk|access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref>
==Roxton==
There was once a village at Roxton. The medieval village is evidenced by earthworks, as well a nearby cropmarking to the east.<ref name="medrid"/><ref name="rox"/> Additionally there may once have been a moated enclosure between Immingham and Roxton, now lost and not visible on modern maps.<ref name="ms"/>
==Notable people==
* [[Sean Storey]], professional snooker player{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
* [[Ian Huntley]] (born 31 January 1974, Grimsby), [[Soham murders|Soham murderer]], lived at Immingham until the mid-1990s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1449738/Trail-of-underage-sex-and-violence-that-led-to-murders.html|title=Trail of underage sex and violence that led to murders|date=18 December 2003|work=The Telegraph |access-date=20 July 2012 | location=London}}</ref>
*[[Roobee Madigan]] (born 5th may 2003) famous tik-toker with over 20 followers her gaming content has become very popular with the towns people of immingham
==See also==
*[[Immingham Augustinian Friary]]
*[[Port of Immingham]]
*[[Port of Grimsby]]
*[[Industry of the South Humber Bank]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group="note"}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em| refs =
<ref name="cm">{{NHLE|num= 1161630 |desc= CHURCHFIELD MANOR |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="bc">{{NHLE|num= 1161631 |desc= BELMONT COTTAGE |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="ib">{{NHLE|num= 1391349 |desc= THE IRON BUNGALOW |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aah22">{{PastScape|num=1472424 |desc=HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H22|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aa">{{PastScape|num=1473798 |desc=IMMINGHAM HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aal">{{PastScape|num=1472363 |desc= HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER L |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aah37">{{PastScape|num= 1472436 |desc=HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H37|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="aah21">{{PastScape|num= 1472359 |desc= HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H21|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="ms">{{PastScape|num= 80477 | desc=Medieval or Post Medieval moated site|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medset">{{PastScape|num= 1053655 | desc=Probable Medieval settlement |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medvil">{{PastScape|num= 80391 | desc= Shrunken Md.village rems.,Immingham |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medrid">{{PastScape|num= 1053653 |desc= Probable Medieval ridge and furrow |access-date=24 July 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name="rox">{{PastScape|num= 80462 |desc= ROXTON |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="medsalt">{{PastScape|num=80411 |desc=Medieval salt making site|access-date=24 July 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name="ids">{{PastScape|num=498353 |desc=IMMINGHAM DOCK STATION|access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="sta">{{NHLE|num= 1310011 |desc= CHURCH OF ST ANDREW|access-date=24 July 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name="cb">{{NHLE|num= 1161628 |desc= CROSS BASE APPROXIMATELY 8 METRES SOUTH OF CHURCH OF ST ANDREW |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="gaz1872">{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=VplQAAAAYAAJ | title = History, Gazetteer and Directory of Lincolnshire, and the City and Diocese of Lincoln| first = William| last = White| year= 1872| at = Immingham, p.540}}</ref>
}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book| title = Humber Perspectives – A region through the ages| editor-first = S.|editor-last = Ellis| editor-first2 = D.R.| editor-last2= Crowther| publisher = Hull University Press | year =1990| isbn = 0859584844}}
*{{cite book| work = Pevsner Architectural Guides| title = Lincolnshire| first1 = Nikolaus| last1 = Pevsner| first2= John | last2 = Harris| first3= Nicholas| last3 = Antram| edition = 2nd| orig-year=1989|year=2002| publisher = Yale University Press| isbn = 9780300096200}}
*{{cite book|title = Great Central|volume = 1. The Progenitors, 1813–1863| first = George|last = Dow| author-link=George Dow | orig-year =1959| year = 1985 | publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] | isbn = 071101468X }}
*{{cite book |last=Dow |first=George |author-link=George Dow |title=Great Central| volume = 3. Fay Sets the Pace, 1900–1922 |year=1965 |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] |isbn=0-7110-0263-0 }}
{{refend}}
===Literature===
*{{cite book| title =Immingham: the story of a village| first =Alan R.| last = Tailby| isbn = 0950151408| year = 1970| publisher = Immingham Parish Council }}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Immingham}}
* {{cite web|url =http://www.abports.co.uk/Our_Locations/Humber/Immingham/| title = Immingham| work = www.abports.co.uk}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.imminghammuseum.org/| title = Immingham Museum| work = www.imminghammuseum.org}}
* {{cite web| url = http://www.immingham-tc.gov.uk/ | title = Immingham Town Council| work= www.immingham-tc.gov.uk }}
{{Portal bar|England|United Kingdom}}
{{Lincolnshire|state=collapsed}}
{{North East Lincolnshire (district) |state=collapsed}}
{{Associated British Ports}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Immingham| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Yorkshire and the Humber]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
[[Category:Borough of North East Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Lincolnshire]]' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in England</div><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap">Immingham</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Queens_Road_-_A1173_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218590.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Queens Road - A1173 - geograph.org.uk - 218590.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Queens_Road_-_A1173_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218590.jpg/240px-Queens_Road_-_A1173_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218590.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><br />Queens Road, Immingham</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997900035">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lincolnshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="image" title="Immingham is located in Lincolnshire"><img alt="Immingham is located in Lincolnshire" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lincolnshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Lincolnshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="288" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lincolnshire_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Lincolnshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Lincolnshire_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Lincolnshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1305" /></a><div class="od" style="top:12.044%;left:60.755%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Immingham" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Immingham" width="6" height="6" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>Immingham</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 40%">Population</th><td>6,969 (2069 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-2011_parish_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_parish-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Immingham&params=53.61381050653_N_0.22076823566928_W_region:GB">TA178145</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%">• <a href="/enwiki/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td>150 mi (240 km) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Points_of_the_compass" title="Points of the compass">S</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td><span class="country-name"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td><span style="font-size:80%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920968872">.mw-parser-output span.allcaps{text-transform:uppercase}</style><span class="allcaps">IMMINGHAM</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DN_postcode_area" title="DN postcode area">DN40</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td><span style="font-size:100%;">01469</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humberside_Police" title="Humberside Police">Humberside</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="East Midlands Ambulance Service">East Midlands</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="width: 40%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom_Parliament_constituencies" title="United Kingdom Parliament constituencies">UK Parliament</a></th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleethorpes_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cleethorpes (UK Parliament constituency)">Cleethorpes</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="hlist noprint nowrap" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px; font-size:85%;">
<dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">List of places</span></dt>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of places in Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></dd></dl>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Immingham&params=53.6139_N_0.2183_W_region:GB_type:city(6969)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°36′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°13′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.6139°N 0.2183°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.6139; -0.2183</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Immingham&params=53.6139_N_0.2183_W_region:GB_type:city(6969)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°36′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°13′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.6139°N 0.2183°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.6139; -0.2183</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Immingham</b> is a town, civil parish and ward in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> of England. It is situated on the south-west bank of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber Estuary</a>, and is 6 miles (10 km) north-west from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a>.
</p><p>The region was relatively unpopulated and undeveloped until the early 1900s, when the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Central_Railway" title="Great Central Railway">Great Central Railway</a> began developing its <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immingham_Dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Immingham Dock">Immingham Dock</a>; as a consequence of the dock development, and of nearby post-Second World War large scale industrial developments Immingham developed from a minor place into a significant town during the 20th century. The Port of Immingham & Grimsby was the largest port in the United Kingdom by tonnage with 54 million tonnes of cargo passing through in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Council_ward"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Council ward</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Civil_parish"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Civil parish</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Town"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Town</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Early_history"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Early history</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#1900–1950"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">1900–1950</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#1950–present"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">1950–present</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Roxton"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Roxton</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Literature"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Literature</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Council_ward">Council ward</span></h3>
<p>The Immingham Ward of North East Lincolnshire Council includes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stallingborough" title="Stallingborough">Stallingborough</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Healing,_Lincolnshire" title="Healing, Lincolnshire">Healing</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Habrough" title="Habrough">Habrough</a>. As of 2018, its elected councillors are Stewart Swinburn (Conservative), David Bolton (Labour), and David Watson (Labour).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>Population of the ward in 2001 was 11,804 persons (2001 census),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> and 11,507 persons in 2011 (2011 census).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_route_E22" title="European route E22">European route E22</a> passes through Immingham on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/A180_road_(England)" title="A180 road (England)">A180</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/A160_road" title="A160 road">A160</a> via Immingham Dock.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Civil_parish">Civil parish</span></h3>
<p>The civil parish of Immingham is located on the south bank of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humber_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Estuary">Humber Estuary</a> 6.2 miles (10 km) west-north-west of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a>. The civil parish is bounded by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Killingholme" title="South Killingholme">South Killingholme</a> to the north-west, with the drain watercourse outfalling at South Killingholme Haven forming the boundary – also the county boundary between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a>. The south-eastern boundary is with the civil parish of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stallingborough" title="Stallingborough">Stallingborough</a>, with the North Beck Drain forming most of the boundary. The parish extends to the south-west as far as Roxton, with boundaries to the south-west and south with the civil parishes of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Habrough" title="Habrough">Habrough</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keelby" title="Keelby">Keelby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-osm_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osm-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>The civil parish is low lying, extending from below 5 metres (16 ft) above sea level near the Humber foreshore, to a peak of 21 metres (69 ft) in Roxton wood in the south-west corner. The main features within the parish are the Humber shoreline, running roughly north-west to south-east, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immingham_Dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Immingham Dock">Immingham Dock</a> and estate, and adjacent south of the dock the town of Immingham. The A180 and Stallingborough-Habrough section of the mainline railway west out of Grimsby (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Grimsby_and_Sheffield_Junction_Railway" title="Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway">Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway</a>) pass roughly east–west through the southern part of the parish. The A1173 connects the town and dock to the A180. Excluding farms there are no other places of habitation outside the town in the civil parish.<sup id="cite_ref-osm_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osm-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>There are two abandoned sites of medieval villages in the parish: that of the village of Immingham, north-west of the modern town, near St Andrew's Church; and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roxton,_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxton, Lincolnshire">Roxton</a> in the southern extremity of the parish.<sup id="cite_ref-osm_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osm-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>Population of the civil parish was 9,861 in 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> and 9,642 in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_parish_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_parish-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Town">Town</span></h3>
<p>The town of Immingham is a compact urban area of approximately 1 square mile (2.6 km<sup>2</sup>), situated south-west of the dock in the middle of the parish. It is bisected by the B1210.<sup id="cite_ref-osm_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osm-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>The town has a retail centre, "Kennedy Way", a swimming pool, and several schools.
</p><p>On the north-eastern outskirts of the town there is a Knauf UK GmbH plant that makes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plasterboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasterboard">plasterboard</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h3>
<p>The name <i>Immingham</i> is thought to mean the "Homestead of the people of Imma";<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> (de)constructed from the elements "Imma" + <i>inga</i> + <i>ham</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-namedic_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-namedic-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The place was referred to as <i>Imungeham</i> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>, and recorded as <i>Immingeham</i> in around 1115.<sup id="cite_ref-namedic_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-namedic-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The termination "-ham" is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> in origin.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> The patronymic,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[note 1]</a></sup> (interpreted as "Imming" or "Emming") has been noted as occurring elsewhere, such as in <i>Imminghausen</i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immenhausen" title="Immenhausen">Immenhausen</a>), or <i>Emmingen</i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmingen-Liptingen" title="Emmingen-Liptingen">Emmingen-Liptingen</a>) (Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_history">Early history</span></h3>
<p>Immingham is mentioned (as <i>Imungeham</i>) as a manor in the 11th-century <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:St.Andrew%27s_church,_Immingham,_Lincs._-_geograph.org.uk_-_85781.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/St.Andrew%27s_church%2C_Immingham%2C_Lincs._-_geograph.org.uk_-_85781.jpg/220px-St.Andrew%27s_church%2C_Immingham%2C_Lincs._-_geograph.org.uk_-_85781.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:St.Andrew%27s_church,_Immingham,_Lincs._-_geograph.org.uk_-_85781.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>St Andrew's Church</div></div></div>
<p>Saint Andrew's church dates to the early medieval period, with much of the structure dating to the 13th century, with parts of the nave as early as the 11th or 12th century. The tower was constructed in the 16th/17th century, to a similar design to that found in nearby <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aylesby" title="Aylesby">Aylesby</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wootton,_North_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Wootton, North Lincolnshire">Wootton</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Healing,_Lincolnshire" title="Healing, Lincolnshire">Healing</a>. The structure was restored in the 1880s and 1920. A decorated octagonal font in the church dates to the 15th C.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404-15">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sta_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sta-16">[15]</a></sup> The remains of a stone cross outside the church also dates to the medieval period.<sup id="cite_ref-cb_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb-17">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>There is archaeological evidence of the medieval settlement. Earthwork remains indicating a settlement and agricultural use exist near south of the church;<sup id="cite_ref-medset_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medset-19">[18]</a></sup> earthwork remnants of a former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shrunken_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrunken village">shrunken village</a> exist to the north of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-medvil_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medvil-20">[19]</a></sup> Archaeological evidence of saltmaking has been found north of the village (formerly in the parish of Harbrough, now within the dock estate), references to a saltmaking site here exist from the Domesday book, and in a late 12th-century document describing the gift of land including the saltpan to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newhouse_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Newhouse Abbey">Newhouse Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-medsalt_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medsalt-21">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pilgrims_Memorial,_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_74866.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Pilgrims_Memorial%2C_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_74866.jpg/220px-Pilgrims_Memorial%2C_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_74866.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pilgrims_Memorial,_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_74866.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Pilgrim Fathers' memorial</div></div></div>
<p>In 1608 the village briefly became a location in the story of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pilgrim_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim Fathers">Pilgrim Fathers</a> of America; their vessel was forced to put ashore due to bad weather, sailing up Killingholme Creek; the women of the party were allowed to sleep in the village church for the night, but news of this reached the authorities, with the consequence that the womenfolk were arrested, whilst the others escaped to the Netherlands. A popular protest secured the release of the women, who were then able to rejoin their families, and continue the journey.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the later medieval period Immingham decline, reduced from 66 households in 1523 to 46 in 1723, in common with other Lincolnshire places on or near the Humber banks. The silting of the haven leading from the Humber has been supposed as one possible cause.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p>Churchfield Manor, in the north-west of the town dates to the late 1600s/early 1700s.<sup id="cite_ref-cm_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cm-25">[24]</a></sup> Belmont cottage south of the church dates to the early 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-bc_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bc-26">[25]</a></sup> Both are now listed structures.
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ings" title="Ings">Ings</a> at Immingham were enclosed in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz1872_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz1872-27">[26]</a></sup> A coastguard station erected in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz1872_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz1872-27">[26]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Grimsby_and_Sheffield_Junction_Railway" title="Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway">Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway</a> (opened 1845) passed through the parish south of Immingham.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDow1985pp.84–86;_''map'',_inside_cover_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDow1985pp.84–86;_''map'',_inside_cover-28">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the 1870s the parish of Immingham had a population of 237, whilst Roxton was still known as a small hamlet. The parish had an area of 3,195 acres (1,293 ha) which was mostly good grazing land – much of which was owned by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_of_Yarborough" title="Earl of Yarborough">Earl of Yarborough</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz1872_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz1872-27">[26]</a></sup> In addition to the church the village also had Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz1872_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz1872-27">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="1900.E2.80.931950"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1900–1950">1900–1950</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pelham_Road,_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1122060.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pelham_Road%2C_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1122060.jpg/220px-Pelham_Road%2C_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1122060.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pelham_Road,_Immingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1122060.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>"Tin house" Iron clad housing built 1907. (2009)</div></div></div>
<p>Building of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immingham_Dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Immingham Dock">Immingham Dock</a> began in 1906, and it was opened by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King George V</a> on 22 July 1912. In part funded by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Central_Railway" title="Great Central Railway">Great Central Railway</a>, the dock property was <span class="frac nowrap">2<span class="visualhide"> </span><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span> by 1 mile (4.0 by 1.6 km); covering 1,000 acres (405 ha), with 45 acres (18 ha) of water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDow1965231,_242,_260_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDow1965231,_242,_260-29">[28]</a></sup> A railway line to the north-west, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barton_and_Immingham_Light_Railway" title="Barton and Immingham Light Railway">Barton and Immingham Light Railway</a> was opened in 1912. The docks were connected to their primary supply of labour in Grimsby by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grimsby_%26_Immingham_Electric_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway">Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway</a>, opened 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></sup> As part of the development of the new port some wood framed, corrugated iron clad housing was constructed; several of these survived to the 21st century, and one of these dated 1907 is now a listed structure.<sup id="cite_ref-ib_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ib-31">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Immingham was a submarine base for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_D_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="British D class submarine">British D class submarine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imm100_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imm100-32">[31]</a></sup> There was also an anti-aircraft battery in the town, manned with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="1 pounder">1 pounder</a> and later a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/QF_12-pounder_12_cwt_AA_gun" title="QF 12-pounder 12 cwt AA gun">12-pounder gun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aa_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-33">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>By the 1920s the village of Immingham had been eclipsed in importance by the port; a publication of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> opined:
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996844942">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Immingham is solely a commercial port; its official title of Immingham Dock describes it. There is no town and only a small population resident in this artificial creation</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>R.N. Rudmose Brown, 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></sup></cite></div></blockquote>
<p>By the early 1930s housing development was scattered across several locations: most was along Pelham Road, of which the majority was east of the original village (St Andrew's church), centred around the <i>County Hotel</i>, and close to the dock estate; further development had taken place south and south-east of the church, also on Pelham Road, in two locations each centred on one of the two nonconformist chapels. Almost all the housing was terraced, with the more generous ground plans found moving south-west along Pelham Road.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></sup> By the mid 1930s the village had grown as much to require a comprehensive school which opened in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404-15">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Noel_Dowland" class="mw-redirect" title="John Noel Dowland">John Dowland</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard_Henry_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Henry Harrison">Leonard Harrison</a> received the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a> for defusing a bomb that had fallen onto the grain ship SS <i>Kildare</i> in February 1940 in Immingham Dock.<sup id="cite_ref-imm100_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imm100-32">[31]</a></sup> Anti-aircraft batteries were located around the dock during the war,<sup id="cite_ref-aah22_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aah22-36">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aah21_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aah21-37">[36]</a></sup> as well as at Homestead Park,<sup id="cite_ref-aal_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aal-38">[37]</a></sup> and near Immingham Grange.<sup id="cite_ref-aah37_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aah37-39">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Humber Force, part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Home_Fleet" title="Home Fleet">Home Fleet</a> which had two cruisers and a destroyer flotilla, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Afridi_(F07)" title="HMS Afridi (F07)">HMS Afridi (F07)</a> was based at Immingham during the war, as well as submarines including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMS_Seal_(N37)" title="HMS Seal (N37)">HMS Seal (N37)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imm100_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imm100-32">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="1950.E2.80.93present"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1950–present">1950–present</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kennedy_Way_Shopping_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_600577.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kennedy_Way_Shopping_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_600577.jpg/220px-Kennedy_Way_Shopping_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_600577.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="316" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kennedy_Way_Shopping_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_600577.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Kennedy Way Shopping Centre (2007)</div></div></div>
<p>At the beginning of the 1950s the village of Immingham had little expanded.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></sup> Development of new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Industry_of_the_South_Humber_Bank" title="Industry of the South Humber Bank">industries on the South Humber bank</a> after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> caused further growth of the town. By 1981 the population had risen to 11,506; making it North Lincolnshire's fourth town, after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleethorpes" title="Cleethorpes">Cleethorpes</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scunthorpe" title="Scunthorpe">Scunthorpe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllisCrowther1990302_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllisCrowther1990302-41">[40]</a></sup>
</p><p>The expansion of the village included: <i>Eastfield County Junior School</i> built in 1970; expansion of the comprehensive school, 1973;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404-15">[14]</a></sup> a shopping centre "Kennedy Way" constructed in 1965–7; and north of the centre 18 blocks of five storey flats constructed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Wimpey" title="George Wimpey">George Wimpey</a> from 1965;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405-42">[41]</a></sup> a Civic Centre also opened in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405-42">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p>Standard housing also expanded: By 1968 there were many new side streets, in particular a new estate encompassed by Pilgrim Avenue; development along Pelham Road had become almost continuous, and the new village now expanding north-west towards the old Immingham.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a></sup> Further growth took place in the late 1960 and 1970s: north-west of Pelham Road, with the village continuous towards Church Lane; a new estate south-east of Pilgrim Road; as well as further infilling to the south-west.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immingham_Dock_railway_station" title="Immingham Dock railway station">Immingham Dock Station</a>, originally part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barton_and_Immingham_Light_Railway" title="Barton and Immingham Light Railway">Barton and Immingham Light Railway</a> closed in 1969,<sup id="cite_ref-ids_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ids-45">[44]</a></sup> whilst <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Immingham_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immingham Museum (page does not exist)">Immingham Museum</a> was established in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-mus_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mus-46">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[note 2]</a></sup> In 1979 the Kennedy Way centre was extended to house a further supermarket and other shop units.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The local council added a Sports centre in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405-42">[41]</a></sup> The expansion of the new town had peaked by the mid 1980s, with only minor extra expansion in the next two decades to 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2007 Immingham School was renamed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oasis_Academy_Immingham" title="Oasis Academy Immingham">Oasis Academy Immingham</a>.
</p><p>Supermarket retailers <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somerfield" title="Somerfield">Somerfield</a> took over a former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kwik_Save" title="Kwik Save">Kwik Save</a> shop at Kennedy Way c.2006; the branch became part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Co-op" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-op">Co-op</a> after the takeover of the chain in 2010; in 2014 the Co-op announced it was to close the shop (closed September 2014). Supermarket chain <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi</a> acquired the site in 2014 with the aim of opening a new store in 2015;<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a></sup> the store was opened in May 2015 by the Mayor of Immingham.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>The town's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yorkshire_Bank" title="Yorkshire Bank">Yorkshire Bank</a> closed in August 2009 after 40 years of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a></sup> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norwich_and_Peterborough_Building_Society" title="Norwich and Peterborough Building Society">Norwich and Peterborough Building Society</a> closed their Immingham office in March 2010;<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barclays_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclays Bank">Barclays Bank</a> closed their branch in the centre in late 2010.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In 2012 planning permission was granted for a new large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a> store to the north of Immingham Civic Centre, (originally consented 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a></sup>), and refurbishment and alterations to the Kennedy Way shopping centre.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a></sup> Preparatory work on a £10 million Tesco supermarket began 2014, with the Immingham Sports Centre to be demolished;<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a></sup> a new sports facility was to be provided at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oasis_Academy_Immingham" title="Oasis Academy Immingham">Oasis Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a></sup> A 1,988 square feet (184.7 m<sup>2</sup>) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Poundstretcher" title="Poundstretcher">Poundstretcher</a> opened in November 2014 at the development,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/B_%26_M" class="mw-redirect" title="B & M">B & M</a> store in December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a></sup> The new "Multi User Games Area" (MUGA) opened March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2015 Tesco announced cost-cutting plans following falling sales, and halted development of 49 stores,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a></sup> The built but unopened store in Immingham was <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mothballing" class="extiw" title="wikt:mothballing">mothballed</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a></sup> having had its opening previously delayed.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a></sup> As of late 2015 the unopened Tesco supermarket was being retained by Tesco.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a></sup> On 20 September 2018 Tesco opened one of their first Jack's stores in the unused building.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early 2016 work began on the reconstruction of Immingham Civic Centre – an aim was to concentrate public services at one location including Immingham Town Council, North East Lincolnshire Council offices, Humberside Police offices, Shoreline (housing agent) offices, a Library and the Immingham museum, which portrays the role of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Central_Railway" title="Great Central Railway">Great Central Railway</a> in the building of the docks and construction of the local rail network.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a></sup> The museum, which is home to the Great Central Railway Society archive, is open from 1pm to 4pm, Wednesday to Saturday from March through to November.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Roxton">Roxton</span></h2>
<p>There was once a village at Roxton. The medieval village is evidenced by earthworks, as well a nearby cropmarking to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-medrid_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medrid-72">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rox_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rox-73">[71]</a></sup> Additionally there may once have been a moated enclosure between Immingham and Roxton, now lost and not visible on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-74">[72]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_people">Notable people</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sean_Storey" title="Sean Storey">Sean Storey</a>, professional snooker player<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ian_Huntley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Huntley">Ian Huntley</a> (born 31 January 1974, Grimsby), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soham_murders" title="Soham murders">Soham murderer</a>, lived at Immingham until the mid-1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Roobee_Madigan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roobee Madigan (page does not exist)">Roobee Madigan</a> (born 5th may 2003) famous tik-toker with over 20 followers her gaming content has become very popular with the towns people of immingham</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immingham_Augustinian_Friary" title="Immingham Augustinian Friary">Immingham Augustinian Friary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Immingham" title="Port of Immingham">Port of Immingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Grimsby" title="Port of Grimsby">Port of Grimsby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Industry_of_the_South_Humber_Bank" title="Industry of the South Humber Bank">Industry of the South Humber Bank</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name "Imma" is found in use both as a male and female name. A Northumbrian aristocrat named Imma appears in Bede's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</a> (731 AD); whilst a female Imma is known as the daughter of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, spouse to Eginhard (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a>, 770–840 AD) </span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 2015 housed in the Civic Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-mus_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mus-46">[45]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-2011_parish-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011_parish_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011_parish_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCensus_20111170211313" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/localarea?compare=1170211313">"Local Area Report – Immingham Parish (1170211313)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Immingham+Parish+%281170211313%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Freports%2Flocalarea%3Fcompare%3D1170211313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/908558/port-freight-statistics-2019.pdf">"UK Port Freight Statistics: 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department for Transport<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Port+Freight+Statistics%3A+2019&rft.pub=Department+for+Transport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F908558%2Fport-freight-statistics-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725011324/http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/council/councillors-democracy-elections/wards/immingham/">"Immingham Ward"</a>. <i>North East Lincolnshire Council</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nelincs.gov.uk/council/councillors-democracy-elections/wards/immingham/">the original</a> on 25 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+East+Lincolnshire+Council&rft.atitle=Immingham+Ward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nelincs.gov.uk%2Fcouncil%2Fcouncillors-democracy-elections%2Fwards%2Fimmingham%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13690202&c=immingham&d=14&e=15&g=6381741&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1437747843143&enc=1">"Key Figures for 2001 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Immingham (Ward)"</a>. <i>Neighbourhood Statistics</i>. Office for National Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft.atitle=Key+Figures+for+2001+Census%3A+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Area%3A+Immingham+%28Ward%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadKeyFigures.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D13690202%26c%3Dimmingham%26d%3D14%26e%3D15%26g%3D6381741%26i%3D1001x1003x1032x1004%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1437747843143%26enc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCensus_20111237321375" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/localarea?compare=1237321375">"Local Area Report – Immingham 2011 Census Ward (1237321375)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Immingham+2011+Census+Ward+%281237321375%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Freports%2Flocalarea%3Fcompare%3D1237321375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-osm-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-osm_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-osm_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-osm_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-osm_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey 1:25000, Sheet 284, 2006</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124996&c=immingham&d=16&e=15&g=6381743&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1437748089330&enc=1">"Key Figures for 2001 Census: Key Statistics – Area: Immingham (Parish)"</a>. <i>Neighbourhood Statistics</i>. Office for National Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft.atitle=Key+Figures+for+2001+Census%3A+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Area%3A+Immingham+%28Parish%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadKeyFigures.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D11124996%26c%3Dimmingham%26d%3D16%26e%3D15%26g%3D6381743%26i%3D1001x1003x1032x1004%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1437748089330%26enc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCameron1966" class="citation book cs1">Cameron, Kenneth (1966). <i>Scandinavian Settlement in the Territory of the Five Boroughs: The Place-name Evidence; Inaugural Lecture</i>. Nottingham University. p.23, §45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scandinavian+Settlement+in+the+Territory+of+the+Five+Boroughs%3A+The+Place-name+Evidence%3B+Inaugural+Lecture&rft.pages=p.23%2C+%C2%A745&rft.pub=Nottingham+University&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">"_". <i>English Place-Name Society</i>: 12. 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Place-Name+Society&rft.atitle=_&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-namedic-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-namedic_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-namedic_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMills" class="citation book cs1">Mills, David. <i>A Dictionary of British Place-Names</i>. Immingham, p.255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+British+Place-Names&rft.pages=Immingham%2C+p.255&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCarr1851" class="citation book cs1">Carr, Ralph (22 March 1851). <i>Observations on Composite Names of Places (chiefly in Northumberland) of Anglo-Saxon Derivation</i>. <i>Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club</i>. <b>2</b>. F. & W. Dodsworth (Newcastle upon Tyne); Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. (London). pp. 155–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Observations+on+Composite+Names+of+Places+%28chiefly+in+Northumberland%29+of+Anglo-Saxon+Derivation&rft.pages=155-6&rft.pub=F.+%26+W.+Dodsworth+%28Newcastle+upon+Tyne%29%3B+Simpkin%2C+Marshall%2C+%26+Co.+%28London%29&rft.date=1851-03-22&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1864" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Isaac (1864). <i>Words and Places: Or, Etymological Illustrations of History, Ethnology, and Geography</i>. Macmillan. p. 519.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Words+and+Places%3A+Or%2C+Etymological+Illustrations+of+History%2C+Ethnology%2C+and+Geography&rft.pages=519&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendomesday.org/place/TA1714/immingham/">"Immingham"</a>. <i>opendomesday.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opendomesday.org&rft.atitle=Immingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopendomesday.org%2Fplace%2FTA1714%2Fimmingham%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002404_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevsnerHarrisAntram2002">Pevsner, Harris & Antram 2002</a>, p. 404.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sta-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sta_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1310011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1310011">"CHURCH OF ST ANDREW (1310011)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=CHURCH+OF+ST+ANDREW+%281310011%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1310011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cb-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cb_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cb_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1161628" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1161628">"CROSS BASE APPROXIMATELY 8 METRES SOUTH OF CHURCH OF ST ANDREW (1161628)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=CROSS+BASE+APPROXIMATELY+8+METRES+SOUTH+OF+CHURCH+OF+ST+ANDREW+%281161628%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1161628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The earthworks have been partially incorporated into a modern golf course.<sup id="cite_ref-cb_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb-17">[16]</a></sup> </span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-medset-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-medset_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1053655" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1053655">"Probable Medieval settlement (1053655)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=Probable+Medieval+settlement+%281053655%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1053655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-medvil-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-medvil_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England80391" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=80391">"Shrunken Md.village rems.,Immingham (80391)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=Shrunken+Md.village+rems.%2CImmingham+%2880391%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D80391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-medsalt-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-medsalt_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England80411" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=80411">"Medieval salt making site (80411)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=Medieval+salt+making+site+%2880411%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D80411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSharp2001" class="citation journal cs1">Sharp, Chris (2001). "_". <i>British Heritage</i> (August/September).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Heritage&rft.atitle=_&rft.issue=August%2FSeptember&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFToon1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Toon" title="Peter Toon">Toon, Peter</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007212401/http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/pilgrimsfaith.htm"><i>The Pilgrims' Faith</i></a>. Gospel Communication. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us/Peter_Toons_Books_Online/History/pilgrimsfaith.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pilgrims%27+Faith&rft.pub=Gospel+Communication&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Toon&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicanbooksrevitalized.us%2FPeter_Toons_Books_Online%2FHistory%2Fpilgrimsfaith.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFThirsk2010" class="citation book cs1">Thirsk, Joan (2010) [1957]. <i>English Peasant Farming: The Agrarian History of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times</i>. pp. 142–146.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Peasant+Farming%3A+The+Agrarian+History+of+Lincolnshire+from+Tudor+to+Recent+Times&rft.pages=142-146&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Thirsk&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cm-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cm_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1161630" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1161630">"CHURCHFIELD MANOR (1161630)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=CHURCHFIELD+MANOR+%281161630%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1161630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bc-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bc_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1161631" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1161631">"BELMONT COTTAGE (1161631)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=BELMONT+COTTAGE+%281161631%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1161631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gaz1872-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gaz1872_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaz1872_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaz1872_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaz1872_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWhite1872" class="citation book cs1">White, William (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VplQAAAAYAAJ"><i>History, Gazetteer and Directory of Lincolnshire, and the City and Diocese of Lincoln</i></a>. Immingham, p.540.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History%2C+Gazetteer+and+Directory+of+Lincolnshire%2C+and+the+City+and+Diocese+of+Lincoln&rft.pages=Immingham%2C+p.540&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVplQAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDow1985pp.84–86;_''map'',_inside_cover-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDow1985pp.84–86;_''map'',_inside_cover_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDow1985">Dow 1985</a>, pp.84–86; <i>map</i>, inside cover.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDow1965231,_242,_260-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDow1965231,_242,_260_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDow1965">Dow 1965</a>, pp. 231, 242, 260.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBettGillham" class="citation book cs1">Bett, W.H.; Gillham, J.C. Price, J.H. (ed.). <i>The Tramways of South Yorkshire and Humberside</i>. Light Railway Transport League.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tramways+of+South+Yorkshire+and+Humberside&rft.pub=Light+Railway+Transport+League&rft.aulast=Bett&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rft.au=Gillham%2C+J.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ib-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ib_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1391349" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1391349">"THE IRON BUNGALOW (1391349)"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=THE+IRON+BUNGALOW+%281391349%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1391349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-imm100-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imm100_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imm100_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imm100_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727064857/http://immingham100.co.uk/Events/Countdown/">"Countdown"</a>. Immingham 100. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immingham100.co.uk/Events/Countdown/">the original</a> on 27 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countdown&rft.pub=Immingham+100&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immingham100.co.uk%2FEvents%2FCountdown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-aa-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aa_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1473798" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1473798">"IMMINGHAM HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY (1473798)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=IMMINGHAM+HEAVY+ANTI+AIRCRAFT+BATTERY+%281473798%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1473798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRudmose_Brown1928" class="citation book cs1">Rudmose Brown, R.N. (1928). "17. Holderness and the Humber". In Oglive, Alan Grant (ed.). <i>Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography</i>. CUP Archive. p. 821.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=17.+Holderness+and+the+Humber&rft.btitle=Great+Britain%3A+Essays+in+Regional+Geography&rft.pages=821&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Rudmose+Brown&rft.aufirst=R.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1932</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-aah22-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aah22_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1472424" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1472424">"HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H22 (1472424)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=HEAVY+ANTI+AIRCRAFT+BATTERY+HUMBER+H22+%281472424%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1472424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-aah21-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aah21_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1472359" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1472359">"HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H21 (1472359)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=HEAVY+ANTI+AIRCRAFT+BATTERY+HUMBER+H21+%281472359%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1472359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-aal-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aal_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1472363" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1472363">"HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER L (1472363)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=HEAVY+ANTI+AIRCRAFT+BATTERY+HUMBER+L+%281472363%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1472363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-aah37-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aah37_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1472436" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1472436">"HEAVY ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY HUMBER H37 (1472436)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=HEAVY+ANTI+AIRCRAFT+BATTERY+HUMBER+H37+%281472436%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1472436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey 1:10560. 1932, 1951, 1956</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllisCrowther1990302-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllisCrowther1990302_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllisCrowther1990">Ellis & Crowther 1990</a>, p. 302.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPevsnerHarrisAntram2002405_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPevsnerHarrisAntram2002">Pevsner, Harris & Antram 2002</a>, p. 405.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey 1:10560. 1951, 1956, 1968</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey 1:10560/10000. 1968, 1972–4</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ids-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ids_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England498353" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=498353">"IMMINGHAM DOCK STATION (498353)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=IMMINGHAM+DOCK+STATION+%28498353%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D498353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-mus-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mus_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mus_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imminghammuseum.org/?page_id=223">"Immingham Museum – About"</a>. Immingham Museum. 13 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immingham+Museum+%E2%80%93+About&rft.pub=Immingham+Museum&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imminghammuseum.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey. 1:10000, 1872–1985; 1:25000, 2006</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129043844/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Immingham-branch-Aldi-opened-year/story-21302933-detail/story.html">"Immingham branch of Aldi will be opened next year"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 28 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Immingham-branch-Aldi-opened-year/story-21302933-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Immingham+branch+of+Aldi+will+be+opened+next+year&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FImmingham-branch-Aldi-opened-year%2Fstory-21302933-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aldi.co.uk/en/about-aldi/new-stores/immingham/">"ALDI Immingham"</a>. <i>ALDI</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ALDI&rft.atitle=ALDI+Immingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldi.co.uk%2Fen%2Fabout-aldi%2Fnew-stores%2Fimmingham%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724221105/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/100-shoppers-queue-look-new-Immingham-Aldi-store/story-26501632-detail/story.html">"Shoppers queue from 9pm last night to be first through door of new Aldi store"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 14 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/100-shoppers-queue-look-new-Immingham-Aldi-store/story-26501632-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Shoppers+queue+from+9pm+last+night+to+be+first+through+door+of+new+Aldi+store&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2F100-shoppers-queue-look-new-Immingham-Aldi-store%2Fstory-26501632-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humberbusiness.com/news/Jobs-saved-axe-falls-bank/article-953829-detail/article.html">"Jobs saved as axe falls on bank"</a>. <i>www.humberbusiness.com</i>. 1 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.humberbusiness.com&rft.atitle=Jobs+saved+as+axe+falls+on+bank&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humberbusiness.com%2Fnews%2FJobs-saved-axe-falls-bank%2Farticle-953829-detail%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since July 2015">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120912081517/http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Closure-Norwich-Peterborough-Building-Society-cost-jobs/article-1566864-detail/article.html">"Closure at Norwich and Peterborough Building Society in Immingham North East Lincolnshire will cost jobs"</a>. <i>This is Grimsby</i>. 2 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Closure-Norwich-Peterborough-Building-Society-cost-jobs/article-1566864-detail/article.html">the original</a> on 12 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=This+is+Grimsby&rft.atitle=Closure+at+Norwich+and+Peterborough+Building+Society+in+Immingham+North+East+Lincolnshire+will+cost+jobs&rft.date=2009-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisgrimsby.co.uk%2Fnews%2FClosure-Norwich-Peterborough-Building-Society-cost-jobs%2Farticle-1566864-detail%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110101061157/http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Shopping-development-big-boost-Immingham/article-653146-detail/article.html">"New Tesco plan is unveiled"</a>. <i>This is Grimsby</i>. 29 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisgrimsby.co.uk/news/Shopping-development-big-boost-Immingham/article-653146-detail/article.html">the original</a> on 1 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=This+is+Grimsby&rft.atitle=New+Tesco+plan+is+unveiled&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisgrimsby.co.uk%2Fnews%2FShopping-development-big-boost-Immingham%2Farticle-653146-detail%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=ZZZZVHLJXB770">"DC/77/12/IMM – Variation of Condition 33 attached to planning application DC/584/09/IMM for redevelopment of Kennedy Way District Centre to allow amendment to approved scheme including reconfiguration of existing retail floor area and the provision of 664msq (gross external) additional retail floor area"</a> (planning application). North East Lincolnshire Council. 10 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC%2F77%2F12%2FIMM+%E2%80%93+Variation+of+Condition+33+attached+to+planning+application+DC%2F584%2F09%2FIMM+for+redevelopment+of+Kennedy+Way+District+Centre+to+allow+amendment+to+approved+scheme+including+reconfiguration+of+existing+retail+floor+area+and+the+provision+of+664msq+%28gross+external%29+additional+retail+floor+area&rft.pub=North+East+Lincolnshire+Council&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk%2Fonline-applications%2FapplicationDetails.do%3FactiveTab%3Dsummary%26keyVal%3DZZZZVHLJXB770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=ZZZZVJLJXB362">"DC/584/09/IMM – Redevelopment and refurbishment of the Kennedy Way District Centre, Immingham, for a food store (A1), retail units (A1), provide new shop fronts to existing units, change of use to financial and professional services (A2) of 17–19 Kennedy Way, associated access, parking, hard and soft landscaping and associated works"</a> (planning application). North East Lincolnshire Council. 20 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC%2F584%2F09%2FIMM+%E2%80%93+Redevelopment+and+refurbishment+of+the+Kennedy+Way+District+Centre%2C+Immingham%2C+for+a+food+store+%28A1%29%2C+retail+units+%28A1%29%2C+provide+new+shop+fronts+to+existing+units%2C+change+of+use+to+financial+and+professional+services+%28A2%29+of+17%E2%80%9319+Kennedy+Way%2C+associated+access%2C+parking%2C+hard+and+soft+landscaping+and+associated+works&rft.pub=North+East+Lincolnshire+Council&rft.date=2009-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk%2Fonline-applications%2FapplicationDetails.do%3FactiveTab%3Dsummary%26keyVal%3DZZZZVJLJXB362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Revamp-Kennedy-Way-shopping-precinct-Immingham/story-20665980-detail/story.html">"Revamp of Kennedy Way shopping precinct in Immingham has got 'everyone buzzing<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 20 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Revamp+of+Kennedy+Way+shopping+precinct+in+Immingham+has+got+%27everyone+buzzing%27&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FRevamp-Kennedy-Way-shopping-precinct-Immingham%2Fstory-20665980-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204111737/https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/news/2014/feb/major-works-start-immingham-s-kennedy-shopping-centre/">"Major works start at Immingham's Kennedy Way shopping centre"</a> (press release). North East Lincolnshire Council. February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nelincs.gov.uk/news/2014/feb/major-works-start-immingham-s-kennedy-shopping-centre/">the original</a> on 4 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+works+start+at+Immingham%27s+Kennedy+Way+shopping+centre&rft.pub=North+East+Lincolnshire+Council&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nelincs.gov.uk%2Fnews%2F2014%2Ffeb%2Fmajor-works-start-immingham-s-kennedy-shopping-centre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/New-store-open-days-early-demand/story-24538815-detail/story.html">"New Immingham Poundstretcher store opening today so shoppers can see what's on offer"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 15 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=New+Immingham+Poundstretcher+store+opening+today+so+shoppers+can+see+what%27s+on+offer&rft.date=2014-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FNew-store-open-days-early-demand%2Fstory-24538815-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/New-store-opened-Mayors/story-25697003-detail/story.html">"B&M store in Immingham opened by TWO mayors & brings 30 jobs to town"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 12 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=B%26M+store+in+Immingham+opened+by+TWO+mayors+%26+brings+30+jobs+to+town&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FNew-store-opened-Mayors%2Fstory-25697003-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Kids-kick-new-150k-Immingham-sports-facility/story-26249651-detail/story.html">"Kids get a kick out of new £150k Immingham sports facility"</a>. 30 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kids+get+a+kick+out+of+new+%C2%A3150k+Immingham+sports+facility&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FKids-kick-new-150k-Immingham-sports-facility%2Fstory-26249651-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMiller2015" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Joe (8 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-30712762">"Tesco to close 43 stores despite better Christmas sales"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tesco+to+close+43+stores+despite+better+Christmas+sales&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-30712762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWood2015" class="citation news cs1">Wood, Zoe (8 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jan/08/tesco-chief-unveils-dramatic-shake-up-troubled-supermarket">"Tesco chief unveils dramatic shakeup at troubled supermarket"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tesco+chief+unveils+dramatic+shakeup+at+troubled+supermarket&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Zoe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2015%2Fjan%2F08%2Ftesco-chief-unveils-dramatic-shake-up-troubled-supermarket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-30743683">"Immingham Tesco store decision 'a disgrace<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>BBC News Humberside</i>. 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Humberside&rft.atitle=Immingham+Tesco+store+decision+%27a+disgrace%27&rft.date=2015-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-30743683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045352/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Opening-Immingham-s-new-Tesco-store-delayed/story-22893506-detail/story.html">"Opening of Immingham's new Tesco store delayed for a second time"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 8 September 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Opening-Immingham-s-new-Tesco-store-delayed/story-22893506-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Opening+of+Immingham%27s+new+Tesco+store+delayed+for+a+second+time&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FOpening-Immingham-s-new-Tesco-store-delayed%2Fstory-22893506-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Mothballed-Immingham-store-14-sites-sold-Tesco/story-27992624-detail/story.html">"Mothballed Immingham store NOT among 14 sites to be sold by Tesco"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 15 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Mothballed+Immingham+store+NOT+among+14+sites+to+be+sold+by+Tesco&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FMothballed-Immingham-store-14-sites-sold-Tesco%2Fstory-27992624-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/news/grimsby-news/what-shoppers-think-tescos-new-2024940">"What shoppers think of the new Jack's store as it opens its doors"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 20 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=What+shoppers+think+of+the+new+Jack%27s+store+as+it+opens+its+doors&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fgrimsby-news%2Fwhat-shoppers-think-tescos-new-2024940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Pioneering-development-Immingham-unite-essential/story-28654921-detail/story.html">"Pioneering development in Immingham will unite essential community services under one roof"</a>. <i>Grimsby Telegraph</i>. 3 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grimsby+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pioneering+development+in+Immingham+will+unite+essential+community+services+under+one+roof&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk%2FPioneering-development-Immingham-unite-essential%2Fstory-28654921-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=NLINAHLJLEE00">"DM/0254/15/FUL – Demolish existing library & store structures, extension & internal rearrangement of Immingham Civic Centre ."</a> (planning application). North East Lincolnshire Council. 30 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DM%2F0254%2F15%2FFUL+%E2%80%93+Demolish+existing+library+%26+store+structures%2C+extension+%26+internal+rearrangement+of+Immingham+Civic+Centre+..&rft.pub=North+East+Lincolnshire+Council&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanninganddevelopment.nelincs.gov.uk%2Fonline-applications%2FapplicationDetails.do%3FactiveTab%3Dsummary%26keyVal%3DNLINAHLJLEE00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vintagecoach.com/railway/roadim.htm">"Immingham Museum"</a>. <i>www.vintagecoach.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vintagecoach.com&rft.atitle=Immingham+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintagecoach.com%2Frailway%2Froadim.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcrsociety.co.uk/Immmuseum.html">"Immingham Museum"</a>. <i>www.gcrsociety.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gcrsociety.co.uk&rft.atitle=Immingham+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcrsociety.co.uk%2FImmmuseum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-medrid-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-medrid_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1053653" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1053653">"Probable Medieval ridge and furrow (1053653)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=Probable+Medieval+ridge+and+furrow+%281053653%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1053653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rox-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rox_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England80462" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=80462">"ROXTON (80462)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=ROXTON+%2880462%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D80462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ms-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ms_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England80477" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=80477">"Medieval or Post Medieval moated site (80477)"</a>. <i>PastScape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PastScape&rft.atitle=Medieval+or+Post+Medieval+moated+site+%2880477%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org.uk%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D80477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1449738/Trail-of-underage-sex-and-violence-that-led-to-murders.html">"Trail of underage sex and violence that led to murders"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London. 18 December 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Trail+of+underage+sex+and+violence+that+led+to+murders&rft.date=2003-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1449738%2FTrail-of-underage-sex-and-violence-that-led-to-murders.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1003310798">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{padding-left:1em;text-indent:-1em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns dl,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ol,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style="">
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEllisCrowther1990" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, S.; Crowther, D.R., eds. (1990). <i>Humber Perspectives – A region through the ages</i>. Hull University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0859584844" title="Special:BookSources/0859584844"><bdi>0859584844</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humber+Perspectives+%E2%80%93+A+region+through+the+ages&rft.pub=Hull+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0859584844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPevsnerHarrisAntram2002" class="citation book cs1">Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; Antram, Nicholas (2002) [1989]. <i>Lincolnshire</i>. <i>Pevsner Architectural Guides</i> (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300096200" title="Special:BookSources/9780300096200"><bdi>9780300096200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincolnshire&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780300096200&rft.aulast=Pevsner&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rft.au=Harris%2C+John&rft.au=Antram%2C+Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDow1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Dow" title="George Dow">Dow, George</a> (1985) [1959]. <i>Great Central</i>. 1. The Progenitors, 1813–1863. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/071101468X" title="Special:BookSources/071101468X"><bdi>071101468X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Central&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=071101468X&rft.aulast=Dow&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDow1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Dow" title="George Dow">Dow, George</a> (1965). <i>Great Central</i>. 3. Fay Sets the Pace, 1900–1922. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0263-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0263-0"><bdi>0-7110-0263-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Central&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-7110-0263-0&rft.aulast=Dow&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Literature">Literature</span></h3>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTailby1970" class="citation book cs1">Tailby, Alan R. (1970). <i>Immingham: the story of a village</i>. Immingham Parish Council. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0950151408" title="Special:BookSources/0950151408"><bdi>0950151408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immingham%3A+the+story+of+a+village&rft.pub=Immingham+Parish+Council&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0950151408&rft.aulast=Tailby&rft.aufirst=Alan+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Immingham" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Immingham"><span style="">Immingham</span></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abports.co.uk/Our_Locations/Humber/Immingham/">"Immingham"</a>. <i>www.abports.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abports.co.uk&rft.atitle=Immingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abports.co.uk%2FOur_Locations%2FHumber%2FImmingham%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imminghammuseum.org/">"Immingham Museum"</a>. <i>www.imminghammuseum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imminghammuseum.org&rft.atitle=Immingham+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imminghammuseum.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immingham-tc.gov.uk/">"Immingham Town Council"</a>. <i>www.immingham-tc.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.immingham-tc.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Immingham+Town+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immingham-tc.gov.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImmingham" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
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<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lincolnshire&#124;link=Lincolnshire_Ceremonial_county_of_Lincolnshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Lincolnshire" title="Template:Lincolnshire"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Lincolnshire" title="Template talk:Lincolnshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Lincolnshire&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lincolnshire&#124;link=Lincolnshire_Ceremonial_county_of_Lincolnshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire"><img alt="Lincolnshire" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Lincolnshire.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lincolnshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Lincolnshire.svg/31px-Flag_of_Lincolnshire.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Lincolnshire.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lincolnshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <span class="category"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="England_Portal"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Borough_of_Boston" title="Borough of Boston">Boston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Lindsey" title="East Lindsey">East Lindsey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Kesteven" title="North Kesteven">North Kesteven</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Holland,_Lincolnshire" title="South Holland, Lincolnshire">South Holland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Kesteven" title="South Kesteven">South Kesteven</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Lindsey" title="West Lindsey">West Lindsey</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alford,_Lincolnshire" title="Alford, Lincolnshire">Alford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barton-upon-Humber" title="Barton-upon-Humber">Barton-upon-Humber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bottesford,_Lincolnshire" title="Bottesford, Lincolnshire">Bottesford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bourne,_Lincolnshire" title="Bourne, Lincolnshire">Bourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brigg" title="Brigg">Brigg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Broughton,_Lincolnshire" title="Broughton, Lincolnshire">Broughton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burgh_le_Marsh" title="Burgh le Marsh">Burgh le Marsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caistor" title="Caistor">Caistor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chapel_Saint_Leonards" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapel Saint Leonards">Chapel Saint Leonards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleethorpes" title="Cleethorpes">Cleethorpes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crowland" title="Crowland">Crowland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crowle,_Lincolnshire" title="Crowle, Lincolnshire">Crowle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donington,_Lincolnshire" title="Donington, Lincolnshire">Donington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epworth,_Lincolnshire" title="Epworth, Lincolnshire">Epworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gainsborough,_Lincolnshire" title="Gainsborough, Lincolnshire">Gainsborough</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grantham" title="Grantham">Grantham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holbeach" title="Holbeach">Holbeach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horncastle" title="Horncastle">Horncastle</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Immingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingoldmells" title="Ingoldmells">Ingoldmells</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kirton_in_Lindsey" title="Kirton in Lindsey">Kirton in Lindsey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long_Sutton,_Lincolnshire" title="Long Sutton, Lincolnshire">Long Sutton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louth,_Lincolnshire" title="Louth, Lincolnshire">Louth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mablethorpe" title="Mablethorpe">Mablethorpe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Market_Deeping" title="Market Deeping">Market Deeping</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Market_Rasen" title="Market Rasen">Market Rasen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Hykeham" title="North Hykeham">North Hykeham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scunthorpe" title="Scunthorpe">Scunthorpe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skegness" title="Skegness">Skegness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sleaford" title="Sleaford">Sleaford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spalding,_Lincolnshire" title="Spalding, Lincolnshire">Spalding</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spilsby" title="Spilsby">Spilsby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stamford,_Lincolnshire" title="Stamford, Lincolnshire">Stamford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sutton-on-Sea" title="Sutton-on-Sea">Sutton-on-Sea</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wainfleet_All_Saints" title="Wainfleet All Saints">Wainfleet All Saints</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winterton,_Lincolnshire" title="Winterton, Lincolnshire">Winterton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wragby" title="Wragby">Wragby</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of civil parishes in Lincolnshire">List of civil parishes in Lincolnshire</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_Lincolnshire" title="Flag of Lincolnshire">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Lincolnshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_in_Lincolnshire" title="Education in Lincolnshire">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Lincolnshire" title="Geography of Lincolnshire">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_places_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of places in Lincolnshire">Places</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Lincolnshire_by_population" title="List of settlements in Lincolnshire by population">Population of major settlements</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diocese_of_Lincoln" title="Diocese of Lincoln">Diocese</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of monastic houses in Lincolnshire">Monastic houses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of museums in Lincolnshire">Museums</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Lincolnshire">SSSIs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Lincolnshire" title="Category:Country houses in Lincolnshire">Country Houses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Lincolnshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in Lincolnshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Lincolnshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Lincolnshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Lincolnshire" title="List of windmills in Lincolnshire">Windmills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Lincolnshire" title="History of Lincolnshire">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Lincolnshire" title="High Sheriff of Lincolnshire">High Sheriffs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transport_in_Lincolnshire" title="Transport in Lincolnshire">Transport</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_East_Lincolnshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:North_East_Lincolnshire_(district)" title="Template:North East Lincolnshire (district)"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:North_East_Lincolnshire_(district)" title="Template talk:North East Lincolnshire (district)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:North_East_Lincolnshire_(district)&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_East_Lincolnshire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and villages</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ashby_cum_Fenby" title="Ashby cum Fenby">Ashby cum Fenby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aylesby" title="Aylesby">Aylesby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barnoldby_le_Beck" title="Barnoldby le Beck">Barnoldby le Beck</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beelsby" title="Beelsby">Beelsby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bradley,_Lincolnshire" title="Bradley, Lincolnshire">Bradley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brigsley" title="Brigsley">Brigsley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleethorpes" title="Cleethorpes">Cleethorpes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Ravendale" title="East Ravendale">East Ravendale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Coates" title="Great Coates">Great Coates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Habrough" title="Habrough">Habrough</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hatcliffe" title="Hatcliffe">Hatcliffe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Healing,_Lincolnshire" title="Healing, Lincolnshire">Healing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humberston" title="Humberston">Humberston</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Immingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irby_upon_Humber" title="Irby upon Humber">Irby upon Humber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laceby" title="Laceby">Laceby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_Coates" title="Little Coates">Little Coates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Waltham" title="New Waltham">New Waltham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Clee" title="Old Clee">Old Clee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scartho" title="Scartho">Scartho</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stallingborough" title="Stallingborough">Stallingborough</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waltham,_Lincolnshire" title="Waltham, Lincolnshire">Waltham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Weelsby" title="Weelsby">Weelsby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wold_Newton,_Lincolnshire" title="Wold Newton, Lincolnshire">Wold Newton</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Associated_British_Ports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Associated_British_Ports" title="Template:Associated British Ports"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Associated_British_Ports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Associated British Ports (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Associated_British_Ports&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Associated_British_Ports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_British_Ports" title="Associated British Ports">Associated British Ports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayr" title="Ayr">Ayr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Barrow" title="Port of Barrow">Barrow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barry_Docks" title="Barry Docks">Barry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cardiff_Docks" title="Cardiff Docks">Cardiff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fleetwood" title="Fleetwood">Fleetwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garston,_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="Garston, Merseyside">Garston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goole" title="Goole">Goole</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Grimsby" title="Port of Grimsby">Port of Grimsby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hams_Hall" title="Hams Hall">Hams Hall Distribution Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Hull" title="Port of Hull">Port of Hull</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Immingham" title="Port of Immingham">Port of Immingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Ipswich" title="Port of Ipswich">Port of Ipswich</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">King's Lynn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Lowestoft" title="Port of Lowestoft">Lowestoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newport_Docks" title="Newport Docks">Newport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millbay" title="Millbay">Plymouth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Port_Talbot" title="Port of Port Talbot">Port Talbot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Tilbury" title="Port of Tilbury">Tilbury Container Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silloth" title="Silloth">Silloth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Southampton" title="Port of Southampton">Port of Southampton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_of_Swansea" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Swansea">Swansea</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teignmouth" title="Teignmouth">Teignmouth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troon" title="Troon">Troon</a></li>
<li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul>
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<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WorldCat_Identities_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities (identifier)">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n82028290">lccn-n82028290</a></span></li></ul>
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