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'[[File:Beyonce Bélgica.jpg|thumb|Beyoncé performing during [[The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour]] in 2013.]] American singer and songwriter [[Beyoncé]] has been regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of her time because of her music, image, and lifestyle.<ref>{{cite web|title= Beyoncé's star formation: from Destiny's Child to Queen Bey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/27/beyonce-star-formation-destinys-child-queen-bey-tour|newspaper=The Guardian|date=June 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/2018/10/12/655845639/beyonc-is-the-21st-centurys-master-of-leveling-up</ref> Critics have credited her popularity, success, and contributions for influencing generations of other artists and women in general.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/culture/2013/02/her-highness.html|title=Her Highness|website=The New Yorker|date=February 20, 2013|access-date=February 20, 2013}}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' named her the most powerful woman in entertainment in 2015 and 2017,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-beyonce-runner-up/|title=Beyoncé: TIME Person of the Year Runner-up|last=Harris-Perry|first=Melissa|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=December 11, 2016}}</ref> and in 2020, was named one of the 100 women who defined the last century [[Time (magazine)|by the same publication]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5793791/beyonce-100-women-of-the-year/|title=Beyoncé: TIME 100 Women of the Year - 2014: Beyoncé Knowles-Carter|last=Cooper|first=Brittney|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=March 5, 2020}}</ref> Beyoncé was also included on ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''{{'}}s 100 Women list in 2019, for her contributions to the entertainment industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/the-women/profiles|title=100 Women, Encyclopædia Britannica|author=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref> ==Beyoncé as an icon== ===Music=== Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', Alex Suskind noticed how Beyoncé was the decade's (2010s) defining pop star, stating that "no one dominated music in the 2010s like Queen Bey", explaining that her "songs, album rollouts, stage presence, social justice initiatives, and disruptive public relations strategy have influenced the way we've viewed music since 2010."<ref name="EW">{{cite news|last=Suskind|first=Alex|title=Best of the Decade: How Beyoncé defined the last 10 years of music|url=https://ew.com/music/2019/11/20/best-of-the-decade-how-beyonce-defined-the-last-10-years-of-music/|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=November 22, 2019|date=November 20, 2019}}</ref> British publication ''[[NME]]'' also shared similar thoughts on her impact in the 2010s, including Beyoncé on their list of the "10 Artists Who Defined The Decade", explaining: "So much more than a popstar, Beyonce has become an outspoken advocate for civil rights, feminism and self-expression, proving that it's possible to be politically engaged and still hold down an extremely successful career in mainstream entertainment."<ref name="NME2">{{cite news|last=Cooper|first=Leonie|title=10 Artists Who Defined The Decade: The 2010s|url=https://www.nme.com/features/nmes-10-artists-who-defined-the-decade-the-2010s-2583451|work=[[NME]]|access-date=December 24, 2019|date=December 3, 2019}}</ref> She is often credited for the cultural shift towards female pop singers rapping and for creating the staccato style of 'rap-singing' she used in songs like "[[Bug a Boo]]" and "[[Say My Name]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/female-pop-singers-rap/|title=Why Are Female Pop Singers Turning To Rap?|website=Highsnobiety|date=March 27, 2018|access-date=June 22, 2019}}</ref> ''[[Uproxx]]'' stated that Beyoncé is the primary pioneer of the singsong style that dominates Hip-Hop currently,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/music/what-genre-is-beyonce/|title=What Genre Is Beyonce, Anyway?|website=Uproxx|date=July 27, 2020|access-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref> while Sheldon Pearce of ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]'' noticed her contribution in changing the sound of pop music radio with her hip-hop assisted style, writing: {{quote|"Her hip-hop fluency gave her an advantage in the pop-star arms race, helping her to become the presiding voice in an increasingly rap-dominated musical landscape. Her evolution, from rap-adjacent R&B star (appearing as early as 1998 in a Geto Boys video) to reluctant hip-hop shareholder to full-blown rapper, played a role in slowly shifting the sound of pop radio."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/beyonce-the-rapper-essay/|title=Beyoncé, The Rapper|website=Pitchfork|date=October 12, 2017|access-date=October 13, 2017}}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}} Beyoncé has been credited for the popularization of the [[surprise album]] and [[visual album]]. ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s [[Rob Sheffield]] wrote: "Beyoncé has delivered countless surprises in her 15 years on top of the music world, but she's never dropped a bombshell like this... The whole project is a celebration of the Beyoncé Philosophy, which basically boils down to the fact that Beyoncé can do anything the hell she wants to."{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} [[Peter Robinson (journalist)|Peter Robinson]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' hailed the shock release as "Beyoncégeddon", describing it as a "major triumph [...] a masterclass in both exerting and relinquishing control".{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} Henry Knight for the ''[[BBC]]'' said "Beyoncé's self-titled album not only proved innovative musically, it rewrote the business model of the industry".{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} Zack O'Malley Greenburg included Beyoncé on his "Music Industry Winners 2013" list, noting that the singer "didn't make use of any of the perks of [being signed to a large record label]—the "machine" we're told is so necessary. There was no radio promotion, no single, no advance press of any kind".<ref>{{cite web|author=Greenburg, Zack|title=Music Industry Winners 2013: Beyonce, Streaming, Rap DJs|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2013/12/30/music-industry-winners-2013-beyonce-streaming-rap-djs/|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=December 31, 2013|date=December 30, 2013}}</ref> The marketing strategy of releasing an album with little or no notice was the subject of a case study at [[Harvard University]] [[Harvard University School of Business|School of Business]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbs.edu/news/articles/Pages/anita-elberse-beyonce.aspx|title=The Curious Case of 'Beyoncé' the Album – News – Harvard Business School|website=www.hbs.edu|language=en-us|access-date=2017-01-27}}</ref> Beyoncé is credited with the popularization of the [[surprise album]], and the act of releasing a project without prior announcement is commonly referred to as "pulling a Beyoncé",<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6406019/pulling-a-beyonce-fleek-slang-terms|title=From 'Pulling a Beyonce' to 'On Fleek,' Slang Terms That Invaded 2014 {{!}} ''Billboard''|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> and has subsequently been executed by many artists, including [[Taylor Swift]],<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/taylor-swifts-new-album-folklore-is-making-a-surprise-debut-11595538735</ref> [[Drake (musician)|Drake]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/625414/drake-pulls-a-beyonce-drops-surprise-album-if-you-re-reading-this-it-s-too-late-on-itunes|title=Drake Pulls a Beyoncé, Drops Surprise Album ''If You're Reading This It's Too Late'' on iTunes {{!}} E! News|publisher=[[E!]]}}</ref> [[Kanye West]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/kanye-west-album-release-date-rapper-pulling-beyonce-dropping-swish-surprise-1533253|title=Kanye West album release date: Rapper pulling a Beyonce and dropping ''Swish'' as a surprise?|newspaper=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref> [[Kendrick Lamar]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@discoverLMS/pulling-a-beyonce-what-the-surprise-release-says-about-modern-marketing-4b0f5025a3dd|title=Pulling a Beyonce: What the "surprise release" says about Modern Marketing|publisher=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]}}</ref> and [[Eminem]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/31/eminem-pulls-a-beyonce-and-drops-surprise-album-kamikaze-without-warning-7899337/|title=Eminem ''Kamikaze'' surprise album drops on streaming services {{!}} ''Metro News''|newspaper=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]}}</ref> Canadian musician [[Grimes (musician)|Grimes]] named ''Beyoncé'' as one of the albums that changed her life, saying that it "revitalised the art of the album" for her and adding that she usually tests her "tracks next to this record because it just sounds so incredible."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stereogum.com/1857227/grimes-writes-about-5-albums-that-changed-her-life/news/|title=Grimes Writes About 5 Albums That Changed Her Life|date=2016-02-03|website=Stereogum|access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref> ''Lemonade'' has been credited with reviving the album format in an era dominated by [[Single (music)|singles]] and [[Streaming media|streaming]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Carpentier|first=Megan|date=2016-04-26|title=How Beyoncé's Lemonade became a pop culture phenomenon|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/26/beyonce-lemonade-jay-z-becky-pop-culture|access-date=2020-06-07|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> with [[Myf Warhurst]] on [[Double J (radio station)|''Double J'']]'s "Lunch With Myf" explaining that Beyoncé "changed [the album] to a narrative with an arc and a story and you have to listen to the entire thing to get the concept".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/doublej/music-reads/features/why-beyoncs-lemonade-is-having-such-a-powerful-impact/10269990|title=Why Beyoncé's Lemonade is having such a powerful impact|date=2016-05-03|website=Double J|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> Jamieson Cox for ''[[The Verge]]'' called ''Lemonade'' "an evolutionary step forward", writing that "it’s setting a new standard for pop storytelling at the highest possible scale".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cox|first=Jamieson|date=2016-04-25|title=Beyoncé's 'visual album' Lemonade sets a new standard for pop storytelling|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/25/11503124/beyonce-lemonade-visual-album-format-bjork-rihanna|access-date=2020-06-07|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]''' Katherine Schulten agrees, adding "How do you talk about the ongoing evolution of the music video and the autobiographical album without holding up ''Lemonade'' as an exemplar of both forms".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schulten|first=Katherine|date=2020-03-05|title=Annotated by the Author: ‘The Cultural Canon Is Better Than Ever’|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/05/learning/annotated-by-the-author-the-cultural-canon-is-better-than-ever.html|access-date=2020-06-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Joe Coscarelli of ''[[The New York Times]]'' describes how "some brand-name acts are following Beyoncé’s blueprint with high-concept mini-movies that can add artistic heft to projects," with [[Frank Ocean]]'s ''[[Endless (Frank Ocean album)|Endless]]'' and [[Drake (musician)|Drake]]'s ''[[Please Forgive Me (film)|Please Forgive Me]]'' cited as examples of artists' projects inspired by ''Lemonade''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/arts/music/drake-please-forgive-me-beyonce-videos.html|title=Beyoncé Raised the Bar With ‘Lemonade.’ Now Others Are Leaping, Too.|last=Coscarelli|first=Joe|date=2016-09-28|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-19|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Other projects said to have followed the precedent that ''Lemonade'' set include [[The Lonely Island|Lonely Island]]'s ''[[The Unauthorized Bash Brothers Experience]]'', [[Thom Yorke]]'s ''[[Anima (Thom Yorke album)|Anima]],'' [[Sturgill Simpson]]'s ''[[Sound & Fury (Sturgill Simpson album)|Sound & Fury]]'', and [[Kid Cudi]]'s ''[[Entergalactic (album)|Entergalactic]]'', which were all albums released with complementary film projects''.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stereogum.com/2052194/netflix-beyonce-lion-king-homecoming-lemonade/franchises/the-week-in-pop/|title=Some Thoughts On Beyoncé, Music Trendsetter, And Netflix, Music Trend|date=July 25, 2019|website=Stereogum|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> ===Race=== In a 2020 ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' article titled "The [[African-American art|African-American Art]] Shaping the 21st Century", which contained 35 prominent black artists talking about the work that inspires them most, American actress [[Kerry Washington]] relayed about Beyoncé's sixth studio album, ''Lemonade'':<blockquote>I think ''Lemonade'' really was so culture-shifting in terms of [[gender role]]s, in terms of [[fidelity]], in terms of how we think about [[marriage]] today, how we think about [[Hip hop|hip-hop]] today, how we think about [[feminism]], how we think about [[Power (social and political)|power]]. [[Visual arts|Visually]], [[music]]ally, but also [[Political sociology|sociopolitically]], [[Anthropology|anthropologically]], ''Lemonade'' is a game changer. It’s just so big. — [[Kerry Washington]], "The African-American Art Shaping the 21st Century", ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/19/arts/african-american-art-inspiration.html|title=35 Top African-American Artists on the Work That Inspires Them|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-03-19|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref></blockquote>The release of "Formation" and the consequent performance at the [[Super Bowl 50 halftime show]] caused both conversation and controversy due to its "unapologetic Blackness". Many articles and think pieces were produced discussing the importance and meaning of the song and performance, such as the [[BBC]], who produced an article entitled "Beyoncé's Super Bowl performance: Why was it so significant?",<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-02-08|title=Why was Beyonce's Super Bowl show significant?|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35520636|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> and ''[[TheWrap]]'', who produced an article entitled "Why Beyoncé's Formation’ Matters So Much: A Perfectly Choreographed Political Debut Before 112 Million."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/why-beyonce-formation-matters-so-much-a-perfectly-choreographed-political-debut-before-112-million/|title=Why Beyonce's 'Formation' Matters So Much|date=2016-02-11|website=TheWrap|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> A rally held against Beyoncé and her Super Bowl performance was called "the worst-attended protest ever" by the ''[[New York Post]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/02/16/anti-beyonce-rally-is-the-worst-attended-protest-ever/|title=Anti-Beyonce rally is the worst-attended protest ever|last=O'Neill|first=Natalie|date=2016-02-16|website=New York Post|language=en|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> ''Lemonade'' as a whole also inspired many think pieces, particularly written by black women, that analyze the messages and significance of the album,<ref name="essence.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.essence.com/celebrity/beyonce-lemonade-black-women-thought-provoking-think-pieces/|title=Beyonce and Lemonade Inspire Think Pieces|website=Essence|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/how-beyonces-lemonade-exposes-inner-lives-of-black-women-36868/|title=How Beyonce's 'Lemonade' Exposes Inner Lives of Black Women|last=Robinson|first=Zandria F.|date=2016-04-28|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hannahgiorgis/i-aint-sorry|title=All The Best Pieces About Beyoncé's Lemonade|website=BuzzFeed News|language=en|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> such as Miriam Bale for ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' who named ''Lemonade'' "a revolutionary work of [[black feminism]]".<ref name="essence.com" /> Megan Carpentier of ''[[The Guardian]]'' named the album "a pop culture phenomenon" and wrote: "It is not an exaggeration to say that there is no other living musical artist who could ignite such a broad and unavoidable conversation just by releasing a new album – even a visual one."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/26/beyonce-lemonade-jay-z-becky-pop-culture|title=How Beyoncé's Lemonade became a pop culture phenomenon|last=Carpentier|first=Megan|date=April 26, 2016|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|issn=0261-3077|access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> Writing in the same publication, Syreeta McFadden notes that the "[[Formation (song)|Formation]]" video depicts archetypal southern Black women "in ways that we haven't seen frequently represented in popular art or culture".<ref>{{Cite news|last=McFadden|first=Syreeta|date=February 8, 2016|title=Beyoncé's Formation reclaims black America's narrative from the margins|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/08/beyonce-formation-black-american-narrative-the-margins|access-date=January 28, 2017|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Melissa Harris-Perry of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine said that "Beyoncé publicly embraced explicitly feminist Blackness at a politically risky moment."<ref>{{cite news|last=Harris-Perry|first=Melissa|title=TIME Person of the Year Runner Up: Beyoncé|website=Time|url=http://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-beyonce-runner-up/|access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> The ''Lemonade'' song "[[Freedom (Beyoncé song)|Freedom]]" became an anthem for the 2020 [[George Floyd protests]] and saw a subsequent 625% rise in streams, with the track being sung at protests including by actress and singer [[Amber Riley]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Exposito|first=Suzy|date=2020-06-06|title=Music at Home: Songs of Resistance|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/songs-of-resistance-protest-playlist-1006132/|access-date=2020-06-07|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-04|title=Streams of NWA's 'F*** Tha Police' are up 270%|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/nwa-fuck-the-police-stream-george-floyd-protests-kendrick-lamar-alright-lyrics-a9548096.html|access-date=2020-06-07|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-03|title=Amber Riley Sings Beyoncé&#39;s &#39;Freedom&#39; During Protest at LA Mayor&#39;s House|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9395805/amber-riley-beyonce-freedom-performance-star-studded-black-lives-matter-protest-la-mayor-house|access-date=2020-06-07|website=Billboard}}</ref> ===Sex symbol=== Beyoncé has been described as having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist [[Touré (journalist)|Touré]] writing that since the release of ''Dangerously in Love'', she has "become a crossover sex symbol".<ref>{{cite web|author=Touré|title=Cover Story: A Woman Possessed|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/beyonce_a_woman_possessed|website=Rolling Stone|date=March 4, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502172205/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/beyonce_a_woman_possessed|archive-date=May 2, 2009}}</ref> Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage."<ref>{{cite web|title=Beyoncé Knowles|url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/g-girls/default.aspx?id=32726|website=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303102819/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/g-girls/default.aspx?id=32726|archive-date=March 3, 2008}}</ref> Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s (decade), the media often used the term "Bootylicious" (a [[portmanteau]] of the words [[Buttocks|booty]] and delicious) to describe Beyoncé,<ref>{{cite web|last=Barlett|first=Liam|url=http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/stories/liambartlett/259493/bootylicious-beyonce|title=Bootylicious Beyoncé|publisher=[[60 Minutes (Australian TV program)|60 Minutes]]|date=March 11, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810145056/http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/stories/liambartlett/259493/bootylicious-beyonce|archive-date=August 10, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Eisinger|first=Amy|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2009/05/22/2009-05-22_bootylicious_beyonce_says_its_sexier_to_stay_out_of_the_gym.html|title='Bootylicious' Beyoncé says it's 'sexier' to stay out of the gym|work=Daily News|date=May 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124144010/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2009-05-22/gossip/17923090_1_sports-club-gym-jay-z|archive-date=November 24, 2011|location=New York|url-status=live}}</ref> the term popularized by Destiny's Child's [[Bootylicious|single of the same name]]. In 2006, it was added to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lamb|first=Bill|url=http://top40.about.com/b/2006/03/17/beyonce-and-destinys-child-enter-the-dictionary-with-bootylicious.htm|title=Beyoncé and Destiny's Child Enter the Dictionary With Bootylicious|publisher=About.com|date=March 17, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204033252/http://top40.about.com/b/2006/03/17/beyonce-and-destinys-child-enter-the-dictionary-with-bootylicious.htm|archive-date=December 4, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Feminism=== In 2013, Beyoncé stated in an interview in ''Vogue'' that she considered herself to be "a modern-day feminist".<ref>{{cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Maureen|title=Beyoncé Is a 'Feminist, I Guess'|url=https://nymag.com/thecut/2013/04/beyonc-is-a-feminist-i-guess.html|website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|access-date=December 13, 2013}}</ref> She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling "We should all be feminists", a speech delivered by Nigerian author [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] at a [[TEDx]] talk in April 2013, in her song "[[Flawless (Beyoncé song)|Flawless]]", released later that year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/dec/13/beyonce-samples-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-feminism-talk|title=Beyoncé samples Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's call to feminism|first=Liz|last=Bury|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 13, 2013|access-date=December 14, 2013}}</ref> The next year she performed live at the MTV Video Awards in front a giant backdrop reading "Feminist."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/3181644/beyonce-reclaim-feminism-pop-star/|title=How to Reclaim the F-Word? Just Call Beyoncé|last=Bennett|first=Jessica|website=Time|access-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> Her self-identification incited a circulation of opinions and debate about whether her feminism is aligned with older, more established feminist ideals. [[Annie Lennox]], celebrated artist and feminist advocate, referred to Beyoncé's use of her word feminist as 'feminist lite'.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weidhase|first=Nathalie|date=January 2, 2015|title='Beyoncé feminism' and the contestation of the black feminist body|journal=Celebrity Studies|volume=6|issue=1|pages=128–131|doi=10.1080/19392397.2015.1005389|issn=1939-2397|url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/33131/3/Beyonc%C3%A9%20Feminism%20NWeidhase.pdf}}</ref> [[bell hooks]] critiqued Beyoncé, referring to her as a "terrorist" towards feminism, harmfully impacting her audience of young girls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/beyonce-anti-feminist_n_5295891|title=Feminist Activist Says Beyonce Is Partly 'Anti-Feminist' And 'Terrorist'|last=Sieczkowski|first=Cavan|date=May 9, 2014|website=HuffPost|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Adichie responded with "...her type of feminism is not mine, as it is the kind that, at the same time, gives quite a lot of space to the necessity of men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/804863/chimamanda-adichie-says-beyonces-kind-of-feminism-isnt-her-kind-of-feminism/|title=Chimamanda Adichie says Beyonce's kind of feminism isn't her kind of feminism|last=Kuo|first=Lily|website=Quartz Africa|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Adichie expands upon what 'feminist lite' means to her, referring that "more troubling is the idea, in Feminism Lite, that men are naturally superior but should be expected to "treat women well" and "we judge powerful women more harshly than we judge powerful men. And Feminism Lite enables this."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ideas.ted.com/beware-of-feminism-lite/|title=Beware of 'Feminism Lite'|date=March 7, 2017|website=ideas.ted.com|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Beyoncé responded about her intent by utilizing the definition of feminist with her platform was to "give clarity to the true meaning" behind it.<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/beyonce-explains-performed-in-front-of-the-word-feminist-flawless-formation-a6970256.html|title=The reason Beyoncé performed in front of the word 'feminist'|date=April 5, 2016|website=The Independent|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> She says to understand what being a feminist is, "...it's very simple. It's someone who believes in equal rights for men and women."<ref name="independent.co.uk"/> She advocated to provide equal opportunities for young boys and girls, men and women must begin to understand the [[double standard]]s that remain persistent in our societies and the issue must be illuminated in effort to start making changes.<ref name="independent.co.uk"/> ===Academic study=== Beyoncé's sixth studio album, ''Lemonade'', has also received notable attention from scholars and authors outside the music industry. Since its release, the album has become the subject of scholarship within academic and literary circles. The [[University of Texas at San Antonio]] offered a class in the Fall of 2016 based on the album. The course, titled "Black Women, Beyoncé and Popular Culture", explored how the visual album "is a meditation on contemporary Black womanhood," before advancing and diving into the "theoretical, historical, and literary frameworks of Black feminism," according to the syllabus.<ref>{{cite web|title=UTSA to Offer "Black Women, Beyoncé & Popular Culture" Course on ''Lemonade''|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2016/09/utsa-black-women-beyonce-popular-culture-course-lemonade|last=Diep|first=Eric|date=September 30, 2016|website=Complex|access-date=February 17, 2017}}</ref> The [[University of Tennessee at Chattanooga]] hosted a "Lemonade Week" in April 2017, which featured discussions on feminism, theatrical performances, celebrations of African-American women writers and poets, and choreography tutorials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beyonce's music inspires UTC's Lemonade Week|url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/chattanooganow/outabout/story/2017/mar/30/beyonces-music-inspires-utcs-lemonade-week/420047/|date=2017-03-30|website=Chattanooga Times Free Press|access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref> [[Harvard University]] hosted "The Lemon Drop": a discussion that explored the nuances of ''Lemonade.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hutchinscenter.fas.harvard.edu/event/kinitra-d-brooks-and-kameelah-l-martin-present-lemonade-reader-beyonc%C3%A9-black-feminism|title=Kinitra D. Brooks and Kameelah L. Martin present 'The Lemonade Reader: Beyoncé, Black Feminism and Spirituality'|website=hutchinscenter.fas.harvard.edu|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> [[University of Arkansas]] offered a course that analysed the influence of Black feminism on Beyoncé and ''Lemonade.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tips.uark.edu/faculty-spotlight-beyonce-and-black-feminism-designing-and-developing-your-dream-course/|title=Faculty Spotlight: "Beyoncé and Black Feminism" – Designing and Developing Your Dream Course {{!}} Teaching Innovation and Pedagogical Support|website=tips.uark.edu|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> [[University of Pennsylvania]] ran two courses that explored politics, race and gender through the study of ''Lemonade''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Family Feuds: Beyoncé, Jay-Z, and Solange and the Meaning of American Music|url=https://www.english.upenn.edu/courses/undergraduate/2018/spring/engl084.401|website=Department of English UPenn|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Beyoncé, Protest, and Popular Music|url=https://www.english.upenn.edu/courses/undergraduate/2017/spring/engl200.306|website=Department of English UPenn|access-date=2020-03-26}}</ref> [[Michigan State University]] hosted a discussion on ''Lemonade'' as part of their series for "exchanging ideas and exploring the lived experiences of underrepresented and marginalized communities".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bookings.lib.msu.edu/event/6291605|title=Encompass Series: A Discussion of Beyonce's Lemonade}}</ref> [[Chatham University]] based a writing class on ''Lemonade'', where "students get to examine how they fit into the power systems around them".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.theincline.com/2017/09/11/hold-up-theres-a-chatham-university-class-all-about-beyonces-lemonade/|title=Hold up: There's a Chatham University class all about Beyoncé's 'Lemonade'|website=The Incline|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> [[Valdosta State University]] offered a course on ''Lemonade'', "unpacking the many themes found in "Lemonade," including Black identity, feminism, marital infidelity, sisterhood, and faith."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valdosta.edu/about/news/releases/2019/02/vsu-explores-the-black-female-experience-through-beyonc%C3%A9s-lemonade.php|title=VSU Explores the Black Female Experience Through Beyoncé’s "Lemonade" - Valdosta State University|website=www.valdosta.edu|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> The [[College of Charleston]] hosted a discussion by Black feminist scholars, exploring "Beyoncé's use of southern landscape, Black women, music, and African-based spirituality".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/events/ehhp-alumni-center-86-wentworth-street-charleston-sc-29424/the-lemonade-reader-black-feminist-scholars-discuss-beyonc%C3%A9/598079680722515/|title=The Lemonade Reader--Black Feminist Scholars discuss Beyoncé|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> [[University of North Georgia]] offered a class entitled "Okay, Ladies, Now Let’s Get in Formation: Intersectional Feminism in Beyoncé’s Lemonade" that explored the music, lyrics and visuals of ''Lemonade''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Parker|first=Rachel|date=2018-03-23|title=Okay, Ladies, Now Let’s Get in Formation: Intersectional Feminism in Beyoncé’s Lemonade|url=https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/ngresearchconf/2018/English_Communications/18|journal=University of North Georgia Annual Research Conference}}</ref> In partnership with the [[Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities]], a talk at [[Seminole State College of Florida|Seminole State College]] "discussed how Beyoncé embodies the conjure woman in her iconic audiovisual work ''Lemonade'' as a contemporary revision of [[Zora Neale Hurston]]’s groundbreaking study of conjure and its place in Black women’s spirit work."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seminolestate.edu/newsroom/article/6114/author-dr-kinitra-brooks-discusses-how-beyonce-embodies-the-conjure-woman|title=Author Dr. Kinitra Brooks discusses how Beyoncé embodies the conjure woman|website=Seminole State College|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> [[Museum of Design Atlanta]] (MODA) announced "The ''Lemonade'' Project", a twelve-month series of conversations centered around the visual album. The series will explore the themes of race, gender and class addressed by the album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumofdesign.org/lemonade/|title=The ''Lemonade'' Project|website=MODA|access-date=February 15, 2017}}</ref> Kinitra Brooks and Kameelah Martin have produced "The Lemonade Reader", described as "an educational tool to support and guide discussions of the visual album at postgraduate and undergraduate levels, [which] critiques ''Lemonade''’s multiple Afrodiasporic influences, visual aesthetics, narrative arc of grief and healing, and ethnomusicological reach."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crcpress.com/The-Lemonade-Reader/Brooks-Martin/p/book/9781138596788|title=The Lemonade Reader|website=CRC Press|language=en|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> [[University of Texas at Austin]] professor [[Omise'eke Natasha Tinsley|Omise’eke Tinsley]] wrote a book entitled "Beyoncé in Formation: Remixing Black Feminism", which "analyzes Beyoncé’s visual album, ''Lemonade'', in relation to the sexuality and gender of Black women".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytexanonline.com/2018/10/30/ut-professor-celebrates-new-book-discussing-beyoncé-and-black-feminism|title=UT Professor celebrates new book discussing Beyoncé and black feminism - The Daily Texan|website=www.dailytexanonline.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> [[University at Albany, SUNY|University of Albany]] professor Janell Hobson produced a lesson plan based on her class on ''Lemonade'', saying "Beyoncé’s ''Lemonade'' stimulates class discussions and assignments as a highly visible pop project striving to create deeper conversations on the meanings of Blackness, womanhood, and feminism."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ffc.twu.edu/issue_8-1/lesson_Hobson_8-1.html|title=Films for the Feminist Classroom - Issue 8.1|website=ffc.twu.edu|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Beyoncé]]'