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'{{confused|New York Herald Tribune|International Herald Tribune}} {{short description|Defunct American newspaper}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = New-York Tribune | logo = The New York Tribune.svg | image = Nytrib1864.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Front page of the ''New-York Tribune'' no. 7,368 <br> November 16, 1864 | type = Daily [[newspaper]] | format = [[Broadsheet]] | foundation = 1841 | fate = | ceased publication = {{End date and age|1924}}; merged with ''[[New York Herald]]'' to form the ''[[New York Herald Tribune]]'' | owners = | political = Liberal, left-of-center | headquarters = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. }} The '''''New-York Tribune''''' was an American newspaper, first established in 1841 by editor [[Horace Greeley]]. Between 1842 and 1866, the newspaper bore the name '''''New-York Daily Tribune in which William Patterson, founder of the New York Daily News in 1919 used the same title for his newspaper following World War 1 and the Kansas Spanish Flu Pandemic which hit 130 countries after the war.'''''<ref>{{cite web|title=About New-York daily tribune|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030213/}}</ref> From the 1840s through the 1860s it was the dominant [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] and then [[History of the Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] newspaper in the United States. The paper achieved a circulation of approximately 200,000 in the 1850s, making it the largest daily paper then in [[New York City]]. The ''Tribune''{{-'}}s editorials were widely read, shared, and copied in other city newspapers, helping to shape national U.S. opinion. It was one of the first papers in the north to send reporters, correspondents, and illustrators to cover the campaigns of the [[American Civil War]]. In 1924, after 83 years of independent existence, the ''New-York Tribune'' merged with another major daily newspaper in New York City, the ''[[New York Herald]],'' to form the ''[[New York Herald Tribune]]''. The "Trib", as it was known, ceased publication in 1966. [[Isidor Lewi]] served on its editorial board.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Studio|first=Times|date=1939-01-03|title=ISIDOR LEWI DEAD; LONG A JOURNALIST; Member of Herald Tribune Staff Was 88 and Had Been News Writer Since 1870 COVERED THE CHICAGO FIRE Also Wrots of Historic River Packet Races--Saw Lincoln on Way to Inaugural|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/01/03/archives/isidor-lewi-dead-long-a-journalist-member-of-herald-tribune-staff.html|access-date=2020-10-01|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s poem "[[Annabel Lee]]" was first published in the newspaper posthumously on October 9, 1849, in the obituary by [[Rufus Griswold]] entitled "Death of Edgar A. Poe".<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030213/1849-10-09/ed-1/seq-2/ ''The New-York Daily Tribune'', Tuesday, October 9, 1849, "Death of Edgar A. Poe", page 2.]</ref> Poe's poem [[The Bells (poem)|"The Bells"]] was also published in the October 17, 1849, issue as "Poe's Last Poem".<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030213/1849-10-17/ed-1/seq-1/ ''The New-York Daily Tribune'', Wednesday, October 17, 1849, "Poe's Last Poem", From the Union Magazine for November, front page.]</ref> ==History== [[File:New York Tribune editorial staff by Brady.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Daguerreotype of the ''Tribune'' editorial staff by famed later Civil War photographer [[Mathew Brady]] (1822–1896), taken circa 1850s. [[Horace Greeley]] (1811–1872), is seated, second from the right. Editor [[Charles Anderson Dana]] (1819–1897), is standing, center.]] [[File:Miller's New York as it is, or, Stranger's guide-book to the cities of New York, Brooklyn and adjacent places - comprising notices of every object of interest to strangers; including public buildings, (14779611671).jpg|thumb|170px|The New York Tribune building, today the site of [[One Pace Plaza]] in lower [[Manhattan]].]] The ''Tribune'' was created by [[Horace Greeley]] in 1841 with the goal of providing a straightforward, trustworthy media source. Greeley had previously published a weekly newspaper, ''The New Yorker'' (unrelated to the later [[The New Yorker|modern magazine]], of the same name), in 1833, and was also publisher of the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party's]] political organ, ''[[Log cabin#Symbolism|Log Cabin]]''. In 1841, he merged operations of these two publications into a new newspaper that he named, the ''New-York Tribune''.<ref>Glyndon G. van Deusen, ''Horace Greeley: 19th Century Crusader'' (1953) pp 51-58.</ref> Greeley sponsored a host of reforms, including pacifism and feminism and especially the ideal of the hard-working free laborer. Greeley demanded reforms to make all citizens free and equal. He envisioned virtuous citizens who would eradicate corruption. He talked endlessly about progress, improvement, and freedom, while calling for harmony between labor and capital.<ref>Mitchell Snay, ''Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America'' (2011).</ref> Greeley's editorials promoted social democratic reforms, and were widely reprinted. They influenced the free-labor ideology of the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party, especially in promoting the free-labor ideology. Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform, but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe.<ref>Adam-Max Tuchinsky, "'The Bourgeoisie Will Fall and Fall Forever': The New-York Tribune, the 1848 French Revolution, and American Social Democratic Discourse." ''Journal of American History'' 92.2 (2005): 470-497.</ref> To promote multiple reforms Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right, including [[Margaret Fuller]],<ref>Paula Kopacz, "Feminist at the 'Tribune': Margaret Fuller as Professional Writer." ''Studies in the American Renaissance'' (1991): 119-139. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30227605 online]</ref> [[Charles Anderson Dana]], [[George William Curtis]], [[William Henry Fry]], [[Bayard Taylor]], [[George Ripley (transcendentalist)|George Ripley]], [[Julius Chambers]] and [[Henry Jarvis Raymond]], who later co-founded ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sandburg, Carl|title=Storm Over the Land|publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Company|year=1942}}</ref> In 1852-62, the paper retained [[Karl Marx]] as its London-based European correspondent. [[Friedrich Engels]] also submitted articles under Marx's by-line.<ref>Saul K. Padover, ''Karl Marx: An Intimate Biography.'' New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978; pp. 301, 605.</ref> Marx resented much of his time working for the Tribune, particularly the many edits and deadlines they imposed upon him, and bemoaned the "excessive fragmentation of [his] studies", noting that his work reporting on current economic events necessitated“ compelled to become conversant with practical detail which, strictly speaking, lie outside the sphere of political economy”. <ref> https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/preface.htm </ref> Engels wrote “It doesn’t matter if they are never read again.”. In the same correspondence Marx disparagingly referred to the publication as a “blotting paper vendor”. Nevertheless, Engels still cited this career as a positive achievement of Marx’s during a eulogy given at his [[funeral]]. <ref> https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883/death/burial.htm</ref> <ref> https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883/death/dersoz1.htm</ref> === Political influence === Founded in a time of civil unrest, the paper joined the newly formed [[History of the United States Republican Party|Republican Party]] in 1854, named it after the party of [[Thomas Jefferson]], and emphasized its opposition to slavery. The paper generated a large readership, with a circulation of approximately 200,000 during the decade of the 1850s. This made the paper the largest circulation daily in New York City — gaining commensurate influence among voters and political decision-makers in the process.<ref>Frank Luther Mott, ''American Journalism: A History, 1690-1960'' (1962) pp 271-78.</ref> During the Civil War Greeley crusaded against slavery, lambasting Democrats while calling for a mandatory draft of soldiers for the first time in the U.S. This led to an Irish mob attempting to burn down the ''Tribune'' building in lower Manhattanan during the [[Draft Riots]].<ref>Van Deusen, ''Horace Greeley: 19th Century Crusader'' (1953) pp 283-85, 289, 298-300.</ref> Greeley ran for [[President of the United States|president]] as the nominee of the [[Liberal Republican Party (United States)|Liberal Republican Party]] (and subsequently the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]) in the [[1872 United States presidential election|1872 Election]], against incumbent [[Ulysses S. Grant]], in his bid for a second term. Greeley was unsuccessful, and soon after the defeat, checked into [[George C. S. Choate|Dr. George C.S. Choate's Sanitarium]] where he died only a few weeks later. Tribune editor [[Whitelaw Reid]] purchased the paper following Greeley's death. In 1886, with Reid's support, the ''Tribune'' became the first publication in the world to be printed on a [[linotype machine]], which was invented by a [[German Confederation|German]] immigrant, inventor [[Ottmar Mergenthaler]]. This technique allowed them to exceed the standard newspaper size of only eight pages while still speeding up printing time per copy, thereby increasing the overall number of copies that could be printed. === ''New York Herald Tribune'' === Under Reid's son, [[Ogden Mills Reid]], the paper acquired and merged with the ''[[New York Herald]]'' in 1924 to form the ''[[New York Herald Tribune]].'' The New York Herald Tribune continued to be run by Ogden M. Reid until his death in 1947. ==New paper, same name== A "new" ''New York Tribune'' debuted in 1976 in New York City. The paper, which was originally named ''The News World'' and later changed to ''The New York City Tribune'', was published by [[News World Communications]], Inc., owned by the [[Unification Church]]. It was published in the former [[Tiffany and Company Building]] at 401 [[Fifth Avenue]] until it printed its last edition on January 3, 1991.<ref>{{cite news|title=New York Tribune Suspends Publication|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/05/nyregion/tribune-suspends-publication.html|issue=Late Edition (East Coast)|publisher=The New York Times|date=January 5, 1991}}</ref> Its sister paper, ''[[The Washington Times]]'', is circulated primarily in the nation's capital. The ''Tribune'' carried an expansive "Commentary" section of opinions and editorials. Former New York City Mayor [[Ed Koch]] was one of the columnists. ==Former Tribune buildings today== * The [[New York Tribune Building]] was the first home of [[Pace University]]. Today, the site where the building once stood is now the [[One Pace Plaza]] complex of Pace University's New York City campus. Dr. Choate’s residence and private hospital, where Horace Greeley died, today is part of the campus of Pace University in [[Pleasantville, New York]]. * On December 15, 1921, ''The New York Tribune'' bought two plots of ground at 219 and 220 West 40th Street. The headquarters that ''The New York Tribune'' built at that site is now the home of the [[CUNY Graduate School of Journalism|City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism]]. == Archives == Copies of the ''New-York Tribune'' are available on [[microfilm]] at many large libraries and online at the [[Library of Congress]].<ref>"[http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/ About New-York tribune. (New York &#91;N.Y.&#93;) 1866–1924]," Library of Congress.</ref> Also, indices from selected years in the late nineteenth century are available on the [[Library of Congress]]' [https://www.loc.gov/rr/news/news_research_tools/nytribindex.html website]. The original paper articles from the newspaper's [[Morgue file|morgue]] are kept at [http://www.cah.utexas.edu The Center for American History] at the [[University of Texas at Austin]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==See also== *[[History of American newspapers]] ==Further reading== * Anon. "''The New York Tribune'': A Sketch of Its History" (1883) [https://archive.org/details/newyorktribunea00unkngoog short pamphlet] * {{cite web | title = About New-York tribune. (New York [N.Y.]) 1866–1924 | url = http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214 | work = [[Chronicling America]] | publisher = [[Library of Congress]] | access-date = February 20, 2011}} * Baehr, Harry W, ''The New York Tribune since the Civil War'' (1936) * {{cite book | last = Borchard | first = Gregory A. | year = 2008 | contribution = New York Tribune | editor-last = Vaughn | editor-first = Stephen L. | title = Encyclopedia of American Journalism | edition = 1st | publication-place = Abingdon, UK | publisher = [[Routledge]] | pages = 343–345 | isbn = 978-0-415-96950-5}} * Fahrney, Ralph Ray, ''Horace Greeley and the Tribune in the Civil War'' (1936) [https://archive.org/details/horacegreeleytri00fahr online] * Isely, Jeter A. ''Horace Greeley and the Republican Party, 1853–1861: A study of the New York Tribune'' (1947) * Kluger, Richard, and Phyllis Kluger. ''The Paper: The Life and Death of the New York Herald Tribune'' (1986) * Maihafer, Harry J. ''The General and the Journalists: Ulysses S. Grant, Horace Greeley, and Charles Dana'' (2001). * Seitz, Don C. ''Horace Greeley: Founder of the New York Tribune'' (1926) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=95028604 online edition] * Tuchinsky, Adam. ''Horace Greeley's 'New-York Tribune': Civil War-Era Socialism and the Crisis of Free Labor'' (2009). * Van Deusen, Glyndon G. ''Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader'' (1953), standard biography [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98259668 online edition] ==See also== *[[The New Era Illustrated Magazine]] ==External links== {{Commons category}} {{wikisource|New-York Tribune|''New York Tribune''}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=New-York Tribune}} * {{Librivox author |id=8717}} * [https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030213/issues/ Library of Congress digitized all issues 1842-1866] * [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/issues/ Library of Congress digitized all issues 1866-1922] {{Horace Greeley}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:New-York Tribune| ]] [[Category:1841 establishments in New York (state)]] [[Category:1924 disestablishments in New York (state)]] [[Category:Abolitionist newspapers published in the United States]] [[Category:Defunct newspapers published in New York City]] [[Category:Horace Greeley]] [[Category:New York (state) in the American Civil War]] [[Category:Publications disestablished in 1924]] [[Category:Publications established in 1841]] [[Category:Richard Morris Hunt buildings]] [[Category:Daily newspapers published in New York City]]'