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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{About| |Catholic public schools in Toronto|Toronto Catholic District School Board|French language public schools in Toronto|Conseil scolaire Viamonde}}
{{Multiple issues|
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The '''Toronto District School Board''' ('''TDSB'''), formerly known as '''English-language Public District School Board No. 12''' prior to 1999,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ontario Regulation 107/08|url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/source/regs/english/2008/elaws_src_regs_r08107_e.htm|access-date=15 April 2014|work=e-Laws|publisher=Government of Ontario}}</ref> is the [[Canadian English|English]]-language [[Secular school|public-secular]] school board for [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada. The minority public-secular francophone ([[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]]), [[Separate school|public-separate]] anglophone ([[Toronto Catholic District School Board]]), and public-separate francophone ([[Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir]]) communities of Toronto also have their own publicly funded school boards and schools that operate in the same area, but which are independent of the TDSB. Its headquarters are in the district of [[North York]].<ref>"[http://www.tdsb.on.ca/newsroom/images_multi_media/5050_2.gif 5050_2.gif]." ([https://www.webcitation.org/5x65QAi2j Archive]) Toronto District School Board. Retrieved on March 12, 2011.</ref>{{Infobox school district
| name = Toronto District School Board<hr />{{small|formerly known as the}}<br />{{nowrap|Metropolitan Toronto School Board}}<ref name=MTSB /><ref>https://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf</ref>
| logo = Toronto District School Board Logo.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_alt =
| grades =
| established = January 20, 1953 (MTSB)<hr />January 1, 1998 (current form)
| closed =
| region =
| country = [[Canada]]
| location = 5050 Yonge Street<br />[[North York]], [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], M2N 5N8
| coordinates =
| superintendent_type = Superintendents
| superintendent = 22<br /> + 4 associate directors<ref>{{cite web |title=School Superintendents 2019-20 |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Director-of-Education/Senior-Team/School-Superintendents |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref>
| free_label = Chair of the Board
| free_text = Alexander Brown<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander Brown Elected as TDSB Chair |url=https://tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1504/Alexander-Brown-Elected-as-TDSB-Chair |website=Toronto District School Board |publisher=TDSB |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>
| free_label2 = Director of Education
| free_text2 = Interm Director - Karen Flaconer
| free_label3 = Elected trustees
| free_text3 = 22
| free_label4 = Student trustees
| free_text4 = Firdaus Shallo, Mays Abusaifan<ref>{{cite web |title=TDSB Student Senate |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/High-School/TDSB-Student-Senate |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
| schools = 473 [[elementary school]]s<br />110 [[high school|secondary school]]s<br />5 adult education schools<ref name="About Us">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/About-Us |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref>
| budget = ~CA$3.4 billion (2019–2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=2019-20 Budget |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Business-Services/Budgets-and-Financial-Statements/2019-20-Budget |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref>
| district_id = [http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/sbinfo/boardList.html#74 B66052]
| website = {{URL|tdsb.on.ca}}
}}[[File:TorontoDistrictSchoolBoardEducationCentre - 2015May30.jpg|300px|right|thumb|The Toronto District School Board Education Centre, located at 5050 [[Yonge Street]] in [[North York]], is the headquarters of the Toronto District School Board, formerly the headquarters of the [[North York Board of Education]].]]
The TDSB was founded on January 20, 1953 as the '''Metropolitan Toronto School Board''' ('''MTSB''') as a "super-ordinate umbrella board" to coordinate activities and to apportion tax revenues equitably across the six anglophone and later a francophone school boards within [[Metro Toronto]].<ref name=MTSB>{{cite web|author1=Royal Commission on Learning|title=For The Love of Learning|url=http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/abcs/rcom/full/volume4/chapter17.pdf|publisher=[[Ministry of Education (Ontario)]]|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VyeQJSmw?url=http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/abcs/rcom/full/volume4/chapter17.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2015|location=Vol 4, Chap. 17, p. 17|date=December 1994|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The MTSB was reorganized and replaced on January 1, 1998 when the six anglophone metro school boards and MTSB merged to form the Toronto District School Board. The [[Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto|francophone school board]] of MTSB was amalgamated with several other Francophone school boards in the region to form Conseil scolaire Viamonde.
Today, the TDSB is Canada's largest school board and the fourth largest school board in North America.
==History==
=== Early history ===
The earliest schools in Toronto were in private homes, often run by members of the clergy. Public funding for schools began with the establishment of the [[Jarvis Collegiate Institute|Home District Grammar School]]. Notably, it was not governed by an elected school board. Voting for the city's first elected school board took place in 1816 following the passage of the Common School Act. The board, as per the regulations of the act, had three members: Eli Playter, [[Thomas David Morrison|Dr. Thomas D. Morrison]], and [[Jesse Ketchum]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Centennial Story: The Board of Education for the CityAustin|publisher=Thomas Nelson & Sons (Canada) Limited|year=1950|editor-last=Cochrane|editor-first=Honora M.|location=Toronto, ON}}</ref> The board governed the Common School at York which was located on the same grounds as the Grammar School. However, this lasted only four years before the school and its associated school board were shut down in favour of the creation of the Central School which was placed under the control of an unelected board and marked an attempt to bring public schools under Anglican religious control.<ref name=":3" /> Control of this board in Toronto was then subsumed under a provincial Board of Education in 1824, itself merged into the Council of King's College, a body charged with obtaining a university for the province.
In 1831, [[Upper Canada College]] was created to replace the Home District Grammar School with state funding in the form of an initial crown lands grant of 6,000 acres, later supplemented by an additional 60,000 acres.<ref name=":3" /> In contrast, common schools in this era, the equivalent of today's elementary schools, were woefully underfunded. Funding for the schools was derived from the sale of crown lands, but the lands chosen to support education were undesirable and couldn't command a high enough price to sustain the common schools. In addition to undesirability, the acreage devoted to funding the common schools initially granted in 1816 was later reduced by half. These deficiencies began to be addressed by the School Act of 1844 and culminated in the creation of local public school boards across the province including the Toronto Public School Board.
=== The Toronto Public School Board ===
The Toronto Public School Board (TPSB) was created in 1847 to oversee elementary education in [[Toronto]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.ca/ebooks/putman-egertonryerson/putman-egertonryerson-00-h.html#CHAPTER_VI|title=Egerton Ryerson and Education in Upper Canada, by J. Harold Putman|website=www.gutenberg.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> However, the date of creation of the board is also given as 1850 as this was when trustee elections under a ward system started.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/schoolsystemont00rossgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/schoolsystemont00rossgoog/page/n44 24]|title=The School System of Ontario (Canada) Its History and Distinctive Features|last=Ross|first=Sir George William|date=1896|publisher=D. Appleton|language=en}}</ref> Legislation toward the creation of local, public school boards began with the School Act of 1844, which stipulated municipal contributions toward the salaries of teachers. The Toronto Public School Board continued to govern the city's elementary schools until 1904 when, following a city referendum, it was merged with the Collegiate Institute Board, which oversaw the city's secondary schools, and the Technical School Board, which oversaw the Toronto Technical School, to form the [[Toronto Board of Education]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/toronto_board_of_education_created|title=Toronto Board of Education Formed|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref name="Prentice 1991 206">{{Cite book|title=Gender and Education in Ontario: An Historical Reader|last1=Prentice|first1=Alison|last2=Heaps|first2=Ruby|publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press|year=1991|location=Toronto, ON|pages=206}}</ref>
Six trustees were appointed to the original 1847 board by the municipal council of Toronto to serve with the mayor.<ref name=":4" /> The board was composed entirely of white men until the election of the first female trustee [[Augusta Stowe-Gullen]] in 1892.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/decades/1890s/event/first_women_elected_to_toronto_board_of_education|title=First Women Elected as Trustees|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> The board was created after the passage of the Common School Act of 1846 spearheaded by [[Egerton Ryerson]], architect of both publicly funded schooling and the [[Canadian Indian residential school system|residential school system]]. The Act also called for the creation of a provincial normal school which would become the [[Toronto Normal School]]. Prior to the 1846 Common School Act, individual schools were governed by boards created under the Grammar School Act of 1807 and the Common Schools Act of 1816.<ref name=":5" /> Like all boards of education at the time, the Toronto Public School Board was responsible for raising money to fund schools in addition to grants provided by the provincial government. However, they were not empowered to make these levies compulsory until the passage of the Common School Act in 1850<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/black_history/big/big_25_common_schools.aspx|title=The Common Schools Act|website=www.archives.gov.on.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> brought on in part by the closure of schools in Toronto in 1848 due to lack of funds.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/the_common_school_act|title=1850 Common School Act|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> This act also allowed for the creation of [[separate school]]s boards in Ontario including racially segregated schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/the_common_school_act?assetnodeid=687|title=1850 Common School Act|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvo.org/article/current-affairs/the-story-of-ontarios-last-segregated-black-school|title=The story of Ontario's last segregated Black school|date=2018-02-26|website=TVO|language=en|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> In Toronto, the act allowed for the creation of a Catholic school board which would eventually become today's [[Toronto Catholic District School Board]]. While elementary schooling across the province was not made free by law until 1871, the 1850 Common School Act allowed for individual boards to entirely fund their schools through public funds. The Toronto Public School Board voted to do so in 1851, making elementary schooling in the city free. Minutes from the first meetings of the Toronto Public School Board have been preserved by the Toronto District School Board Museum and Archives.
==== Schools of the Toronto Public School Board ====
When the Toronto Public School Board was first created, elementary or common schools in the city did not have dedicated buildings but instead, "the thousand-odd children who were registered as common school pupils were accommodated in rented premises--a dozen or so small halls and houses, designated by numbers."<ref name=":3" /> This changed shortly after the election of the first board when six schools identical in architecture were built, one in each ward of the city. More schools with distinct designs were built over the coming decades. Some of these original schools are listed in the order of their construction below:
# Louisa St. School (1852)
# The Park School (1853)
# George St. School (1853)
# John St. School (1855)
# Victoria St. School (1855)
# Phoebe St. School (1855)
# [https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5239 Jesse Ketchum School] (1858)
# Givins St. School (1859)
# Elizabeth St. School (1868)
# York St. School (1870)
# Bathurst St. School (1872)
# [https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5210 Church St. School] (1872)
# Parliament St. School (1872)
The six original schools have since been demolished with only the Park School having been replaced with a new school.<ref name=":3" /> As the student population grew, rented premises continued to be used to accommodate students, especially in the case of auxiliary schools where attendance was lower and the schools were more similar to county schools.
==== Members of the Toronto Public School Board ====
The first elections for the school board were held on September 3, 1850. Two trustees were elected to represent each of the six wards in the city.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Results of 1850 School Trustee Elections<ref name=":3" />
!Ward
!Trustees
|-
|St. Andrew's
|G.P. Ridout; Alex. Macdonald
|-
|St. David's
|Jos. Workman, M.D.; A.A. Riddell
|-
|St. George's
|J.L. Robinson; E.F. Whittemore
|-
|St. James's
|J.D. Ridout; D. Paterson
|-
|St. Lawrence's
|J.G. Beard; Wm. Gooderham
|-
|St. Patrick's
|J.H. Hagarty; James Price
|}
This list includes many prominent families of Toronto. Positions on the board were unpaid and were dominated by members of wealthy families who could afford to spend time in meetings and advocating for board policies. J.D. Ridout and G.P. Ridout were sons of [[Thomas Ridout (politician)|Thomas Ridout]], a politician and chairman of the Home District Council. The Gooderham name is known best for its connection to [[Gooderham and Worts]] a Canadian distillery since purchased by Hiram Walker and whose buildings have been retained and restored in Toronto's [[Distillery District]]. [[Joshua George Beard]] served on the board for twenty years in addition to serving as a city alderman and was elected the 10th [[List of mayors of Toronto|Mayor of Toronto]] in 1854.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spacing.ca/toronto/2017/06/13/short-mysterious-life-beard-building/|title=The short, mysterious life of the Beard Building|last=Bateman|first=Chris|date=2017-06-13|website=Spacing Toronto|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> Gooderham, David Paterson, and E.F. Whittemore were directors of Consumer's Gas Works<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/whittemore_ezekiel_francis_8E.html|title=Biography – WHITTEMORE, EZEKIEL FRANCIS – Volume VIII (1851–1860) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> a Toronto gas distribution company since acquired by [[Enbridge]] whose buildings remain prominent in Toronto including the [[Consumers' Gas Building|Consumer's Gas Building]] and as performance and rehearsal spaces for [[Canadian Stage Company|Canadian Stage]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lostrivers.ca/content/points/gasworks.html|title=Gas Works|website=www.lostrivers.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> James L. Robinson was [[George William Allan|George W. Allan]]'s partner in law<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torontofamilyhistory.org/simcoesgentry/5/allan-gardens|title=The Horticultural Gardens « Simcoe's Gentry: Toronto's Park Lots|website=torontofamilyhistory.org|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> and son of [[Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto|Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet of Toronto.]] [[John Hawkins Hagarty]] would go on to become Chief Justice of Ontario.
James Price was a builder; his presence as the only trustee from more humble roots speaks to the composition of the Toronto Public School Board in this era.<ref name=":3" /> Dr. Joseph Workman was elected chair of the school board. In addition to serving on the board for five years, he was Superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, now the Queen Street Mental Health Centre of the [[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cabbagetownpeople.ca/person/joseph-workman/|website=www.cabbagetownpeople.ca|access-date=2018-12-10|title=Joseph Workman, MD 1805 - 1894}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/workman_joseph_12E.html|title=Biography – WORKMAN, JOSEPH – Volume XII (1891–1900) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> Workman was one of the prime supporters of the campaign to build publicly owned schools.
==== Notable Figures of the Toronto Public School Board ====
[[George Anthony Barber]], the board's first Local Superintendent, and the father of Canadian cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/barber_george_anthony_10E.html|title=Biography – BARBER, GEORGE ANTHONY – Volume X (1871–1880) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/george-anthony-barber|title=George Anthony Barber|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=September 7, 2019}}</ref>
Rev. James Porter, the board's second Local Superintendent. He worked to increase attendance at Toronto's public schools<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/schoolingscholar0000hous|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/schoolingscholar0000hous/page/269 269]|quote=reverend james porter toronto.|title=Schooling and Scholars in Nineteenth-century Ontario|last1=Houston|first1=Susan E.|last2=Prentice|first2=Alison L.|date=1988|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802058010|language=en}}</ref> and reported to [[Egerton Ryerson]] on the construction of a new school for the board, Elizabeth St School.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7HEBw0pXxEC&q=james+porter&pg=RA8-PA67|title=Report of the Minister of Education|date=1865|publisher=Ontario Education Department|language=en}}</ref>
[[Jesse Ketchum]], a supporter of schooling responsible for many donations to the board<ref name=":6" /> and after whom the current Toronto District School Board school, [https://schoolweb.tdsb.on.ca/jesseketchum Jesse Ketchum Public School], is named.
James L. Hughes, principal of the [[Toronto Normal School]]'s Model School and Chief Inspector for the Toronto Public School Board.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article//james-laughlin-hughes|title=James Laughlin Hughes|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=September 7, 2019}}</ref>
==== Characteristics of Schooling in the Toronto Public School Board ====
Schooling in the era of the Toronto Public School Board was markedly different from modern schooling. In these large urban schools, students were separated by gender but taught in large, mixed-age classes of often over 100 students.<ref name=":3" /> Students were taught out of readers and exams were conducted orally and only available to the best students from each school division. The technology of schooling was different as well. Students often were seated on long benches, or "forms". The introduction of the individual desk was a technological advancement advocated by some as a means of preventing students from distracting each other. Urban schools were often early adopters of these new technologies. This meant that the Toronto Public School Board was a leader in adopting blackboards, which other school boards were slower to introduce.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prentice|first=Alison|date=1984-06-06|title=From Household to School House: The Emergence of the Teacher as Servant of the State|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MCR/article/view/17206|journal=Material Culture Review / Revue de la culture matérielle|language=en-US|volume=20|issn=1927-9264}}</ref> Teachers were also often expected to lodge in the school. In the Toronto Public School Board, provisions were made for a room for the teacher in the basements of the first six schools. At this time, secondary schools, or grammar schools, were not free. However, the Toronto Public School Board provided scholarships for the top achieving boys to attend these all-male institutions.<ref name=":3" /> A provincial grant incentivized the creation of school libraries, and in 1858 the board had 2,837 volumes. An 1862 motion for the introduction of gymnasiums was met with some resistance as they were considered an expensive addition outside the scope of the academic disciplines of schools. Ultimately, the Select Committee voted against the recommendation.
==== TPSB Industrial Schools ====
Schooling for children living in poverty was a concern of many of the Chief Inspectors of the TPSB, including Inspector Hughes. He and others campaigned for the passage of legislation to allow for the creation of [[industrial school]]s, similar to those created in England. In the meantime, a class for expelled students was created in a church mission run by the [[Grace Church on-the-Hill|Anglican Grace Church]]. The space was provided for free by the church and the class was staffed by the TPSB, who provided [[Esther Frances How]] who would go on to be widely remembered for her work at the school.<ref name=":3" /> Although the Ontario Industrial Schools Act was passed in 1874, industrial schools were not built in Toronto until 1887 when the province provided funding to support the construction of such schools. The first two industrial schools in Toronto were the Victoria Industrial School for Boys and the Alexandra School for Girls. The schools were both part of the Industrial Schools Association of Toronto.
===== Victoria Industrial School for Boys =====
Built in 1887, the Victoria Industrial School for Boys was the destination for youth convicted of crimes and "incorrigible" youth until it was closed in 1934. Boys at the school were housed in "cottages," two to three story brick buildings housing as many as forty boys and quite unlike the wood-frame houses in nearby Mimico.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/industrial_schools_act_passed_in_ontario?assetnodeid=1084|title=Industrial Schools Act|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> In the "cottages," the boys were supervised by a man and woman, usually husband and wife.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bennett|first=Paul|date=May 1988|title=Taming "Bad Boys" of the "Dangerous Class": Child Rescue and Restraint at the Victoria Industrial School 1887–1935|journal=Histoire Sociale/Social History|volume=21|issue=41|pages=71–96}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=In the 'Best Interests of the Chiid?' : The Industrial School System in late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Ontario|last=Iozzo|first=Alessandra|publisher=Carleton University|year=2000|location=Ottawa, ON}}</ref> However, despite the homely setting, the school was often a place of violence for the boys there including such treatment as being handcuffed to the bed, beaten, and placed on bread-and-water diets. These abuses were the focus of investigations by the province as well as reporting in the ''[[Toronto Daily Star]].''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hogeveen|first=Bryan|date=May 2009|title=Accounting for Violence at the Victoria Industrial School|journal=Histoire Sociale/Social History|volume=42|issue=83|pages=147–174|doi=10.1353/his.0.0057|s2cid=145499107}}</ref> Although the school was operated locally, the school was increasingly populated by boys from across the province.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Neff|first=Charlotte|date=1994–1995|title=The Ontario Industrial Schools Act of 1874|journal=Canadian Journal of Family Law|volume=12|pages=171–208}}</ref> The site was used for the education of inmates under various names including the [[Mimico Correctional Centre]] and is now home to the [[Toronto South Detention Centre]].
===== Alexandra School for Girls =====
Opened in 1892, the Alexandra School for Girls was located to the east of the then-bounds of the City of Toronto in Scarborough to the north of the intersection of present-day Blantyre Ave and Kingston Rd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beachmetro.com/2011/10/19/east-school-wayward-girls-flourished/|title=East End school for wayward girls flourished|last=Domagala|first=Gene|date=2011-10-19|website=Beach Metro Community News|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> The school was opened under the leadership of Superintendent Lucy W. Brooking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ao.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/ARCH_AUTHORITY/AUTH_DESC_DET_REP/SISN%207155?SESSIONSEARCH|title=Archives of Ontario|website=ao.minisisinc.com|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> The population of the school increased with a reduction in the number of women housed at the [[Andrew Mercer Reformatory for Women|Mercer Refuge]]. A number of factors including poverty led girls to be place at the school rather than other institutions such as the Toronto Girls' Home.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Neff|first=Charlotte|date=2011|title=The Role of the Toronto Girls' Home, 1863–1910|journal=Journal of Family History|volume=36|issue=3|pages=286–31|doi=10.1177/0363199011407030|pmid=21898964|s2cid=8007028}}</ref>
=== The Toronto Collegiate Institute Board ===
The Collegiate Institute Board was created in 1807 to oversee what we would now call secondary schools. Unlike the Toronto Public School Board whose trustees were elected, the Collegiate Institute Board was appointed. In its earliest years, [[John Strachan|Bishop Strachan]] influenced appointments, but starting in 1841 trustees were appointed by the provincial executive government and my municipal council from 1853 to 1904.<ref name=":3" /> Dean H.J. Grasset is most associated with the board, having served on the board for ten years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/grasett_henry_james_1808_82_11E.html|title=Biography – GRASETT, HENRY JAMES – Volume XI (1881–1890) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> Until the late 1880s the board was only responsible for one school, but this changed with the annexation of Parkdale in 1889, leading the Parkdale High School to be renamed the [[Parkdale Collegiate Institute|Jameson Avenue Collegiate Institute]], and the construction of [[Harbord Collegiate Institute]] in 1892. The addition of schools meant that the Toronto High School was renamed the [[Jarvis Collegiate Institute]] in 1890, though the school did not move to its current location until 1924.
=== The Toronto Technical School Board ===
The Technical School Board was created to oversee a single school, the [[Central Technical School|Toronto Technical School]]. Classes were first offered in 1892 in [[St. Lawrence Hall]], but when enrollment exceeded expectations they were moved to Old Wycliffe Hall, now part of the University of Toronto campus. In 1901, classes were moved to the [[Toronto Athletic Club|Stewart Building]] due to growing enrollment. Finally, the school moved to its current location in 1915 and is now known as the [[Central Technical School]] due to the construction of addition technical schools in the board. Members of the Technical School Board were also appointed but by a different process than members of the Collegiate Institute Board. Members of the Technical School Board were appointed by municipal council, the Architectural Guild, the Trades and Labour Council, and the Association of Stationary Engineers.<ref name=":3" /> After amalgamation in 1904, members of the board became part of a special committee of the Toronto Board of Education. Dr. A.C. McKay was an early champion of technical education.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/technology/central_technical_school|title=Central Technical School|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref>
=== The Toronto Board of Education ===
The [[Toronto Board of Education]], officially the Board of Education for the City of Toronto, governed education in pre-amalgamation Toronto from 1904 to 1998. It was created from the merger of the existing boards of education in the city (The Toronto Public School Board, the Toronto Collegiate Institute Board, and the Toronto Technical School Board) following a municipal referendum in 1904.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/toronto_board_of_education_created|title=Toronto Board of Education Formed|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-11}}</ref><ref name="Prentice 1991 206"/> The board governed education in Toronto until 1998.
=== Metropolitan Toronto School Board and the Toronto District School Board ===
The Metropolitan Toronto School Board was established on January 20, 1953, before the 1954 creation of the [[Metro Toronto|Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto]]<ref name=Journal>http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/BPL_Images/New_Journal_Samples/juaf0735-2166~23~5/104.PDF</ref><ref name=MTSB /> From the beginning, it was a federation of eleven public anglophone municipal school boards consisting of the [[East York Board of Education]], the [[Etobicoke Board of Education]], the Forest Hill Board of Education, the Lakeshore District Board of Education, Leaside Board of Education, the [[North York Board of Education]], the [[Scarborough Board of Education]], the Swansea Board of Education, the [[Toronto Board of Education]], Weston Board of Education and the [[Board of Education for the City of York|York Township Board of Education]].<ref>http://www.metropolicyarchive.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/HSS-1146450-1960D_MSBT-Minutes-1960.pdf</ref> Its head office was located at the former [[York Mills Public School]] site on Campbell Crescent (built 1956 and demolished 2004).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.library.ryerson.ca/index.php/metropolitan-toronto-school-board-offices|title=Metropolitan Toronto School Board offices - Archives & Special Collections|website=archives.library.ryerson.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/York_Mills_Public_School.html|title=York Mills Public School Historical Plaque|website=torontoplaques.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
Throughout its existence, the MTSB assisted local boards with maintenance assistance payments but the local school boards were exempted from paying property taxes.<ref name=Journal />
In 1967, Forest Hill and Swansea boards were abolished and merged with the TBE. The Lakeshore board was amalgamated with the Etobicoke school board followed by the Leaside board integrated into the EYBE and eventually, the Weston public board ceased to exist and absorbed in the York board.
French schools operated by the North York, Scarborough and Toronto boards were transferred into MTSB's francophone unit, the [[Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto]] (CEFCUT) on December 1, 1988.<ref name=Behieldsp133>Behiels, Michael D. ''La francophonie canadienne: renouveau constitutionnel et gouvernance scolaire'' (Issue 12 of Collection Amérique française, ISSN 1480-4735). [[University of Ottawa Press]], 2005. {{ISBN|2760306003}}, 9782760306004. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tZxojszq4ZAC&pg=PA133 133]. "Le Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto (CEFCUT), le 1<sup>er</sup> décembre 1988, s'établit dans un climat beaucoup moins acrimonieux qu'à Ottawa-Carleton. Jusqu'en 1987, les conseils scolaires de Toronto, North York et Scarborough ainsi que leurs CCLF gèrent les classes et les écoles de langue française qui accueillent près de 1700 élèves. En janvier 1987, le ministre de l'Éducation Sean Conway crée un comité de travail de portée générale afin de planifier la mise en train du CEFCUT. En février 1988, le comité présente son rapport final unanime au nouveau conseil scolaire."</ref> Seven of its public schools existed as of 1980.<ref name=Frenchspeaking>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YH4xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=c6QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2503,331302&dq=metropolitan+catholic+separate+school+board+english+french&hl=en Toronto has 7 public schools for French-speaking children]." ''[[The Canadian Press]]'' (CP) at ''[[Montreal Gazette]]''. Wednesday May 21, 1980. p. 66. Retrieved from [[Google News]] (66 of 141) on July 24, 2013.</ref> The concept of CÉFCUT was developed by a committee assembled by [[Ministry of Education (Ontario)|Ontario Minister of Education]] [[Sean Conway]]. CÉFCUT was established on 1 December 1988,<ref name=Behieldsp133/> and it began operations in 1989.<ref>Heller, Monica. ''Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario'' (Mouton Select Series). [[Walter de Gruyter]], 2003. {{ISBN|3110176874}}, 9783110176872. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=aCDunDNa_fQC&pg=PA243 243].</ref>
The passage of The Fewer School Boards Act of 1997, a bill passed by the Conservative Mike Harris government despite public opposition,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/01/01/amalgamation_10_years_later.html|title=Amalgamation: 10 years later {{!}} The Star|website=thestar.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-11}}</ref> which amalgamated boards of education across the province, reducing a number of boards to 72. The Act immediately followed legislation which amalgamated municipalities such as Bill 103 which made changes to the ''[[City of Toronto Act]]'' to amalgamate seven municipalities and create the current [[Toronto|City of Toronto]]. As a consequence, six of the English school boards merged with the MTSB to form the '' English-language Public District School Board No. 12'' which later became the ''Toronto District School Board'' in 1999. The French language schools operated by the CEFCUT were separated and became part of the new board, ''French-language Public District School Board No. 58'' which was later renamed to [[Conseil scolaire Viamonde|Conseil Scolaire de District du Centre-Sud-Ouest]].
TDSB headquarters was located at 155 College Street, the former offices of the Toronto Board of Education.<ref name=CollegeStreet>"[http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/1999/agendas/council/cc/cc990413/ud5rpt/cl020.htm City of Toronto Council and Committees School Board Lands]." ([https://archive.is/20130723204349/http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/1999/agendas/council/cc/cc990413/ud5rpt/cl020.htm Archive]). City of Toronto. March 26, 1999. Retrieved on July 23, 2013. "The TDSB administrative capital management strategy identifies the former Toronto Board of Education's facility at 155 College Street as the main headquarters of the new School Board, for its sole use."</ref> TDSB head office moved from 155 College Street to 5050 Yonge Street, which was previously occupied by the [[North York Board of Education]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19961208221925/http://nybe.interlog.com/ Home page]. ([https://archive.is/19961208221925/http://nybe.interlog.com/ Archive]) North York Board of Education. Retrieved on November 12, 2010. "5050 Yonge Street, North York, Ontario Canada, M2N 5N8, 416-395-4661"</ref>
==Organization==
The school board's organizational mission is "to enable all students to reach high levels of achievement and to acquire the knowledge, skills, and values they need to become responsible members of a democratic society."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=171&menuid=668&pageid=534|title=Toronto District School Board|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
The TDSB is the largest school board in Canada<ref>{{cite web|author=Connelly, Gerry|year=2006|title=A Message from the Director|work=Director's Annual Report,2004-05|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/about_us/director/docs/TDSBAnnReport0405Rev.pdf|access-date=2006-06-08}}</ref> and the 4th largest in North America.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}<ref>"[http://www.tdsb.on.ca/aboutUs/ About Us]." Toronto District School Board. Retrieved on June 8, 2012.</ref> The record was previously held by the [[Toronto Catholic District School Board|Metropolitan Separate School Board]] with over 100,000 students until 1998 what is now the Toronto Catholic District School Board.
There are more than 255,000 students<ref name="About Us"/> in nearly 600 schools within the TDSB. Of these schools, 473 offer elementary education, 110 offer secondary level education, and there are five adult day schools. The TDSB has 18 alternative elementary schools as well as 20 alternative secondary schools. TDSB has approximately 31,910 permanent and 10,500 temporary staff, which includes 11,360 elementary school teachers and 5,000 at the secondary level.<ref name="About Us"/>
Parent and Community involvement occurs at all levels of the school board system, from parental involvement at local schools, the involvement of local organizations at the school level and formal advisory committees at the Board level.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=91&menuid=314&pageid=242|title=Toronto District School Board|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
There has also been an effort to include more student involvement in the Toronto District School Board. The "Super Council" is an organization which acts as a student council for the entire board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/viewItem.asp?siteid=199&menuid=973&pageid=711|title=Toronto District School Board|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> There has also been an attempt to place student input in the TDSB's Equity Department through the second, and last, board-wide student group: Students Working Against Great Injustice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=10274&menuid=15686&pageid=13877|title=Toronto District School Board|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> Both groups have put together various events and have had much success in giving input towards the decisions of the Board.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/programs/Equity_in_Education/docs/Equitable%20Schools%20Newsletter%20Jan-Feb%202009.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121180132/http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/programs/Equity_in_Education/docs/Equitable%20Schools%20Newsletter%20Jan-Feb%202009.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The TDSB actively recruits students from outside of Canada, and attracts students from Kindergarten to Grade 12, charging international students up to $14,000 per year to study in Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/AboutUs/International/docs/TDS088%20Study%20In%20Canada%20jk-12%282panel%29finalsWEBlores.pdf|title = Toronto District School Board|access-date = August 25, 2015|publisher = TDSB}}</ref>
===Trustees===
The TDSB has 22 elected trustees and two student trustees. The chair of the board is Alexander Brown<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto District School Board > Leadership > Trustees > Chair of the Board |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Chair-of-the-Board |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> and its vice-chair is Trixie Doyle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto District School Board > Leadership > Trustees > Vice Chair of the Board |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Vice-Chair-of-the-Board |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> Before the 1998 split of the French schools, the MTSB had two French seats in addition to twenty-three English seats.
===Director of Education===
The Current Director of Education is Karen Flaconer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director of Education - Karen Falconer|url=https://tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Director-of-Education|access-date=2021-01-07|website=tdsb.on.ca}}</ref> The former [[Director of Education (Ontario)|Director of Education]] was Dr. Kathy Witherow,<ref name="tdsb.on.ca">{{Cite web|title=Karen Falconer Appointed TDSB Interim Director of Education|url=https://tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1572/Karen-Falconer-Appointed-TDSB-Interim-Director-of-Education-|access-date=2021-01-07|website=Toronto District School Board|language=en-US}}</ref> who was serving on an interim basis since October 10, 2020, replacing Carlene Jackson.
====Former directors====
* Kathy Witherow (2020-2020) now retired<ref name="tdsb.on.ca"/>
* Carlene Jackson (2020-2020) - now Ontario’s comptroller general<ref>{{cite web |title=TDSB's new interim director leaving by mid-October |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/tdsb-s-new-interim-director-leaving-by-mid-october-1.5047342?cache= |website=CP24 |publisher=CP24 |access-date=24 October 2020 |language=en |date=31 July 2020}}</ref>
* John Malloy (2015-2020) – left the TDSB to work as the Superintendent of the [[San Ramon Valley Unified School District]]
* Donna Quan (2013–2015) – was acting in 2013, left to work for [[York University]] (as adjunct professor) and Ministry of Education
* [[Chris Spence (educator)|Chris Spence]] (2009–2013) – resigned due to a [[plagiarism]] scandal and teaching license revoked (2016)
* [[Gerry Connelly (educator)|Gerry Connelly]] (2005–2009) – retired from TDSB and now special advisor on Education Policy for The Learning Partnership and adjunct professor at [[York University]]
* [[David Reid (educator)|David Reid]] (2001–2005) – now with [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]]
* [[Marguerite Jackson (educator)|Marguerite Jackson]] (1998–2001) – now CEO of the [[Education Quality and Accountability Office]]
==Community involvement==
The TDSB's Parent and Community Involvement Policy describes ways in which "parents, the community, students, staff and the Board" are working together.<ref name="auto"/> One option is the Parent Involvement Advisory Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?pageid=3384|title=Toronto District School Board|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
Parents can design and propose a new school in the TDSB. There is a 2-year process for review, approval and opening the school.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Winsa | first = Patti| title = Skateboard academy, dude? Alternative schools gathering considers four new concepts | website = Toronto Star | url = https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2012/11/16/skateboard_academy_dude_alternative_schools_gathering_considers_four_new_concepts.html | date = 16 Nov 2012 | access-date = 31 May 2013 }}</ref>
===Collaboration with Black Lives Matter===
In 2017, the TDSB participated in "Freedom Day" organized by [[Black Lives Matter]], during which students and teachers would "skip a day of school in protest" of "anti-black racism in the educational system". Issues of concern were police patrols of TDSB schools, and the disproportionate number of black students being suspended and being placed into non-academic educational streams.<ref>{{cite news | last = Hong | first = Jackie | date = May 1, 2017 | title = TDSB Director Commits to Anti-Racism Training at Black Lives Matter Walkout | url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/05/01/tdsb-director-commits-to-anti-racism-training-at-black-lives-matter-walkout.html | work = Toronto Star}}</ref>
==Uniforms and dress code==
Beginning in fall 2019, students are now allowed to wear hoodies, [[crop top]]s, and spaghetti straps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2019/06/04/tdsb-revises-dress-code/|title=TDSB revises dress code, allowing crop-tops and spaghetti straps - CityNews Toronto|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5350309/tdsb-school-dress-code-changes-2019/|title=Toronto school board changes student dress code policy, starting this fall|website=Global News}}</ref>
Some of the schools in the TDSB have uniforms in place such as [[East York Collegiate Institute]] and [[R. H. King Academy]].
==Controversies and issues==
===Financial issues===
{{undue weight|section|date=September 2014}}
In 2002, the [[Government of Ontario]] stripped all power and authority from the school board trustees because they failed to balance the board's budget. [[Paul Christie (politician)|Paul Christie]] was appointed by the province to serve as supervisor of the Toronto District School Board, with authority for all financial and administrative functions of the Board. This allowed Christie to supersede the authority of elected school trustees. The provincial government argued that the appointment was necessary, as the TDSB had not submitted a budget to the [[Ontario Minister of Education]] as legally required. Representatives of the TDSB claimed that they could not find the necessary operating expenses for the year, given provincial regulations which prohibited deficit spending. Christie balanced the TDSB's budget through a dramatic spending reduction of $90 million. Under his watch, the TDSB eliminated many secretarial positions, phased out school-community advisors, child and youth counsellors, and attendance counsellors and reduced the number of vice-principals, cut outdoor education and adult education, and re-evaluated the position of social workers in the system. Christie's staff reports were not made public, and some critics argued that there were no adequate checks or balances on his authority.<ref>Trish Worron, "Education democracy an illusion", ''Toronto Star'', 12 July 2003, F6.</ref>
Blackstone Partners carried out a review in 2006.<ref name=2006review>{{cite news|title=TDSB was warned in 2006 about spending problems|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1221725--tdsb-was-warned-in-2007-about-spending-problems|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=July 4, 2012|author=Kevin Donovan|author2=Moira Welsh}}</ref> They submitted a 113-page report in January 2007.<ref name=2006review/> Blackstone Partners were "''asked to determine if the facilities division had "effective governance."''"<ref name=2006review/> The report showed "''high costs of repairs, lots of workers and spotty results, and managerial “silos” that made it hard for principals to figure out whom to approach to get a job done.''"<ref name=2006review/> Blackstone Partners gave 43 recommendations in the report.<ref name=2006review/> The school board claims a few have been carried out and others are in the works.<ref name=2006review/> When surveyed about a wide range of topics, the worst result was the school board’s maintenance and construction division.<ref name=2006review/> Eighty percent of principals didn't believe the maintenance and construction division delivered good value for the money<ref name=2006review/> TDSB director Chris Spence "''To use a football analogy, we are trying to move the yardstick. There is no quick fix.''"<ref name=2006review/> The ''[[Toronto Star]]'' reported that in recent investigation showed little has changed since that review.<ref name=2006review/> A secondary school principal "''raised questions about the $143 cost of installing a pencil sharpener and the $19,000 cost of installing a sign on the school's front lawn.''"<ref name=Principalquestion>{{cite news|last=Donovan|first=Kevin|title=Popular TDSB principal backed by his association|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1215445--popular-tdsb-principal-backed-by-his-association|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Installed product/Service !! Cost !! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| To attach a pencil sharpener with four screws|| $143 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen>{{cite news|title=Toronto schools pay high prices for small jobs|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/article/1214758--toronto-schools-pay-high-prices-for-small-jobs|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=June 21, 2012|author=Moira Welsh|author2=Kevin Donovan}}</ref>
|-
| sign on a [[Sir John A. MacDonald Collegiate Institute|school's front lawn]] || $19,000 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen/>
|-
| Electrical outlet on the wall in a school library || $3,000 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen/>
|-
| "''Breakfast club''" kitchen || $250,000 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen/>
|-
| Basketball bolt installation || $1,492.13 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated">{{cite news|last1=Donovan|first1=Kevin|title=Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/07/07/cost_of_fixing_tdsb_locks_less_than_originally_estimated.html|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=July 7, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Repairing drinking fountains || $2,703 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|-
| Replacing a [[Green Bin]]|| $664 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|-
| Hanging a picture in the office || $700 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|-
| Toilet seats || $27 (to purchase)<br/>$500 (to install) || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|}
In 2007, again due to alleged mismanagement by the trustees, the board will try to submit a budget with a deficit of $84 million.
The school board wants $3.6 million from the Toronto Star before it releases a database.<ref name=Ransom>{{cite news|title=Toronto school board will hand over work order data — for $3.6 million|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1231898--toronto-school-board-will-hand-over-work-order-data-for-3-5-million|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=July 25, 2012|author=Kevin Donovan|author2=Moira Welsh}}</ref> The database shows "''work orders showing what taxpayers have been charged for maintenance and construction projects at local schools.''"<ref name=Ransom/> In June 2012, the Toronto Star asked for "''an electronic copy showing three years of work at the TDSB.''"<ref name=Ransom/> The Toronto Star stated that "''the request was made under the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.''"<ref name=Ransom/>
The Ontario Ministry of Education Froze funding for the school board's buildings project.<ref name=2012financecrisis>{{cite news|title=Toronto school board cost overruns: Province warns supervisor may be sent in to run board|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/education/article/1267163--toronto-school-board-cost-overruns-province-warns-supervisor-may-be-sent-in-to-run-board|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=October 4, 2012|author=Rob Ferguson|author2=Louise Brown}}</ref> The ministry cited the possibility of a $10 million to $11 million cost overrun for the retrofit of Nelson Mandela Park Public School.<ref name=2012financecrisis/> The project was originally priced at $21.7 million.<ref name=2012financecrisis/> Some of the school board's trustees are "''outraged''". [[Laurel Broten]], Ontario's Minister of Education, stated, "''We are not happy they don’t know why''" when talking about the overrun.<ref name=2012financecrisis/> She also stated that a supervisor may be sent in.<ref name=2012financecrisis/>
The Maintenance and Construction Skilled Trades Council gets 0.5% on all outside contracts even though it does not perform the work.<ref name=Outsidecontracts>{{cite news|title=TDSB trades council gets a cut of outside contractors' work|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1216604--tdsb-trades-council-gets-a-cut-of-outside-contractors-work|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=June 25, 2012|author=Kevin Donovan|author2=Moira Welsh}}</ref> Several contractors have stated that "''contractors sometimes inflate their price for school board work to pay Hazel’s group.''"<ref name=Outsidecontracts/> Maintenance and Construction Skilled Trades Council are unable to do all the maintenance and construction work.<ref name=Outsidecontracts/> TDSB spokesperson Shari Schwartz-Maltz said "''the dues are considered a "temporary union membership.''" The TDSB does not charge the trades council rent for its offices on school board property.<ref name=Outsidecontracts/> The school board's trustees want to stop paying the fee.<ref>{{cite news|title=TDSB trustees want to end 0.5 per cent surcharge to union|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1225253--tdsb-trustees-want-to-end-0-5-per-cent-surcharge-to-union|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=July 11, 2012|author=Moira Welsh|author2=Kevin Donovan}}</ref>
Employees of the school board visited bars, bought groceries and filled the gas tanks of their cars using "public money" and while on the job.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hammr|first=Kate|title=TDSB workers used public funds for personal business, manager says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/tdsb-workers-used-public-funds-for-personal-business-manager-says/article6593891/|access-date=December 26, 2012|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=December 20, 2012}}</ref>
===Contract with Trade Council===
A top official from the Toronto District School Board stated that he has concerns about a "controversial contract" between the Trades Council and the Ontario Government and claims that the contract with the trades council is "politically motivated."<ref name=Councilcontract>{{cite news|last=Donovan|first=Kevin|title=TDSB says politics behind Liberal decision to back Jimmy Hazel's trades council|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1310871--tdsb-says-politics-behind-liberal-decision-to-back-jimmy-hazel-s-trades-council|access-date=January 4, 2013|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=January 4, 2013}}</ref> Chris Bolton, the Chairman of the school board, stated that the Trade Council is a "major contributors to the [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberals]]" and even campaigned for the Liberals.<ref name=Councilcontract/> A government spokesperson stated that Education Minister [[Laurel Broten]] decision to retain the Trade Council's services "nothing to do with politics."<ref name=Councilcontract/>
Terms of the contract includes:
*"The TDSB will not be allowed to hire outside workers for some jobs."<ref name=Councilcontract/> The school board won't be allowed to hire outside workers even if it would cost taxpayers less.<ref name=Councilcontract/>
*"The trades council is still allowed to choose all new workers for the publicly funded school board."<ref name=Councilcontract/> The Toronto District School Board, who pays the workers, doesn't have a say on who is hired.<ref name=Councilcontract/>
*A structured shift system will be preserved where the morning and afternoon shifts overlaps.<ref name=Councilcontract/> This requires the school board to maintain extra trucks and vehicles.<ref name=Councilcontract/> The school board has estimated "it could have sold off up to 300 trucks and other vehicles that would not be needed if the afternoon shift started when the morning shift ended."<ref name=Councilcontract/>
===Immigration Act charges===
In 2001, Toronto School Board Trustee Sam Basra was convicted of Immigration Act charges and was forced under the Education Act to resign his seat. He pleaded guilty in August 2001 to selling fake offers of employment to potential immigrants for US$1,500.00 each. This came to light after being tipped by a former employee, police raided Basra's paralegal firm and found 250 false letters of employment. In March 2001 Arjan Singh launched a $15 million lawsuit against Basra alleging that while doing paralegal work, Basra forged documents to make him think his rights case was active more than a year after it was closed. After much infighting among the trustees and inaction from then Chair of the Board [[Donna Cansfield]] to make an appointment to fill the vacant trustee seat left by Basra, a by-election was called for April 2002 costing the board $160,000.00. Stan Nemiroff defeated former [[Mayor]] of [[Etobicoke]] [[Bruce Sinclair (politician)|Bruce Sinclair]] in the by-election to become the new Ward 1 trustee representing Etobicoke North.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trustee Sam Basra Temporarily Withdraws from Board Duties|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/communications/newsrelease/2001/december/dec_14.htm|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto District School Board|date=December 14, 2001|location=Toronto, ON}}</ref>
===Racial, religious and disability-related issues===
In December 2001, a $70 million class-action lawsuit was filed against the Toronto District School Board on behalf of the parents of [[special needs]] students who were sent home during the boards support workers strike in April 2001. The suit claimed that 27,000 special needs students were discriminated against on the basis of their disabilities because they were sent home during the month-long strike while the schools stayed open for their able-bodied counterparts. The claims were based on the fact that they were not permitted to go to school and missed a month of school while everyone else was able to go. The suit also claimed that the Toronto District School Board should stop treating special needs students as lesser students. The four-week strike, led by 13,000 support workers, ended in early May 2001.<ref>Nicholas Keung and Kristin Rushowy, "Toronto School Board sued for bias," Toronto Star, 8 December 2001, E3.</ref>
On November 14, 2005, the [[Ontario Human Rights Commission]] reached a settlement with the Toronto District School Board following a Commission-initiated complaint against the Board in July 2005. On July 7, 2005, the commission initiated a complaint against the Board in the public interest and on behalf of [[racialized]] students and students with disabilities alleging that the application of the Safe Schools Act and the Board's policies on discipline are having a disproportionate impact on racial minority students and students with disabilities. The complaint alleges that the Board had failed to meet its duty to accommodate racialized students and students with disabilities in the application of discipline, including providing adequate alternative education services for racial minority students and students with disabilities who are suspended or expelled and that the above amounts to a failure on the part of the Board to provide equal access to education services and that it constitutes discrimination and contravenes sections 1, 11 and 9 of the [[Ontario Human Rights Code]]. The TDSB accepts and acknowledges a widespread perception that the application of Ontario's school disciplinary legislation, regulations and policies can have a discriminatory effect on students from racialized communities and students with disabilities and further exacerbate their already disadvantaged position in society.
In 2005, controversy erupted when the TDSB's Board Chair Sheila Ward and Executive Officer of Student and Community Equity, Lloyd McKell, spoke in favour of "Black-focused schools."<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/comment/columnists/article/277427 | work=The Star | location=Toronto | title=Black schools in focus | first=Royson | last=James | date=November 18, 2007 | access-date=May 25, 2010}}</ref> The proposal brought about a media backlash, as many interpreted this as a "Black-only" school. After long and sometimes raucous debate, the proposal for an Afrocentric school was adopted, and registration began.<ref>{{cite news|last=Solomon|first=Galit|title=Africentric school starts to gear up|url=http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/africentric-school-starts-to-gear-up-1.340693|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=CTV|date=November 7, 2008}}</ref> Similar controversy had taken place in the [[North York Board of Education]] in the 1980s, when the board attempted to turn [[Georges Vanier Secondary School]] into a black-only school.
With [[antisemitism|antisemitic incident]]s seldom in the TDSB schools (see [[History of the Jews in Toronto]]), one incident occurred in November 2016 when the walls were sprayed with antisemitic graffiti at David Hornell Junior School in Etobicoke.<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/graffiti-david-hornell-school-1.3853065</ref> The TDSB has encouraged its staff to report such incidents to the police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torontosun.com/2016/11/18/report-any-acts-of-hate-to-police-tdsb|title=Report 'any acts of hate' to police: TDSB|website=torontosun}}</ref> Similarly on April 18, 2018, at [[Northern Secondary School (Toronto)|Northern Secondary School]], the poster of the school's Jewish club were defaced with anti-semitic markings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4154391/toronto-school-anti-semitic-graffiti/|title=Toronto school sends letter to parents after student poster defaced with anti-Semitic graffiti|website=Global News}}</ref>
In December 2017, school administrators at the High Park Alternative Junior School had characterized the song, [[Land of the Silver Birch]], attributed by [[Pauline Johnson]], as [[racist]]. In a letter to parents they said, "While its lyrics are not overtly racist . . . the historical context of the song is racist." Other experts disagreed with this assertion and the music teacher who had the song performed at a school concert sued the administration for defamation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Toronto music teacher sues after principal, VP call folk song racist |first=Ainslie |last=Cruickshank |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/12/07/toronto-music-teacher-sues-for-defamation-after-principal-vp-call-folk-song-land-of-the-silver-birch-racist.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=December 7, 2017}}</ref>
Another case occurred in 2018 when former [[Etobicoke School of the Arts]] principal Peggy Aitchison came under fire following allegations of [[Racism in North America|racial profiling]] after many of the students and parents became outraged after seeing the list — which many now call the "black list" — that Aitchison used the school's yearbook to identify black students.<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/etobicoke-school-black-list-1.4724307</ref> Aitchison had served a similar case during her tenure as principal at [[Forest Hill Collegiate Institute|Forest Hill]] and [[Central Toronto Academy|Central Commerce Collegiates]].<ref>https://byblacks.com/main-menu-mobile/news-mobile/item/1979-community-pushes-back-on-blacklist-principal-in-etobicoke</ref> However, in May 2019, the TDSB placed two administrators of Glenview Senior Public School on leave following accusations of racist bullying involving two pupils in which a white boy allegedly punched a black girl in the face two months prior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/05/14/school-administrators-on-leave-as-tdsb-investigates-allegations-of-racist-bullying.html|title=School administrators on leave as TDSB investigates allegations of racist bullying|date=May 14, 2019|website=thestar.com}}</ref>
==="Explicit" sex-ed brochures===
Wade Vroom,<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures">{{cite news|last=Yuen|first=Jenny|title=TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/28/tdsb-teacher-back-in-class-after-posting-explicit-brochures|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> an "occasional teacher" at Delta alternative school, "pinned up brochures meant to advise gay bar and bath house patrons on safe sex procedures"<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom">{{cite news|last=Artuso|first=Antonella|title='Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired' over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/07/someone-at-the-tdsb-ought-to-be-fired-over-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-classroom|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> in a grade seven and eight classroom.<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/> [[Liz Sandals]], the minister for education, stated that it was "totally inappropriate."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> Sandals also stated, "clearly, from what was described in the media, the materials that were being used are totally inappropriate and are in no way connected to the Ontario health and phys ed curriculum" and "I’m relieved that Toronto District School Board (TDSB) has gotten rid of the material and that the teacher is no longer in the classroom."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> He had been "ordered to work from home pending an investigation."<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/> Sandals called it a "one off."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> Sandals stated how this type of material would not be included in the new Ontario curriculum.<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> [[Lisa MacLeod]], the critic for education from the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservative Party]], stated "parents have not asked for this type of sexually explicit information to be made available to their children.<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> The fact that an Ontario teacher felt comfortable enough to post it speaks to the cozy relationship the Liberal government has with their unions."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> MacLeod feels that the Toronto District School Board is "clearly out of control when it comes to this."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> She also stated that "this is not the first time something like has occurred there - and I think the government really has to put their foot down and make it known that that type of material is unacceptable."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> A spokesman for the school board claimed that the teacher had "good intentions."<ref>{{cite news|last=Davidson|first=Terry|title=TDSB teacher posts explicit sex-ed brochures in Grade 7-8 class|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/06/tdsb-teacher-posts-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-grade-7-8-class|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> MacLeod criticized the spokesman and thinks that the school board should fire someone for the material being posted.<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> The AIDS Committee of Toronto, who published one of the brochures, stated that the intended material published by them was for adults.<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/> The Toronto Sun asked in an article, "if the teacher now being paid to be at home, or any adult, were to pass out this material in a park, would the police not be called?"<ref name="TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom">{{cite news|last=Warmington|first=Joe|title=TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/08/tdsb-should-contact-police-about-sexual-brochures-in-classroom|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 8, 2013}}</ref> and when is the TDSB going to notify police about a brochure teaching children?"safer sucking tips?"<ref name="TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom"/> A spokesman for the board stated, "At this time, police have not been notified."<ref name="TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom"/> [[Toronto Police Service]] investigated the brochures<ref>{{cite news|last=Yuen|first=Jenny|title=Police investigating sex brochures at Toronto school|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/29/police-investigating-sex-brochures-at-toronto-school|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 29, 2014}}</ref> and decided that no charges would be pressed against Vroom because it "didn't meet Criminal Code criteria to lay charges for exposing children to obscene material or corrupting the morals of children."<ref>{{cite news|last=Davidson|first=Terry|title=No charges for sex brochures in Toronto school|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/06/07/no-charges-for-sex-brochures-in-toronto-school|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=June 7, 2014}}</ref> Vroom was later reinstated after the issue had been "resolved."<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/>
===School violence===
A number of violent encounters and tragedies have sparked growing concern, raising doubts on the ability of the TDSB to provide a safe educational environment. Stakeholders believe that the TDSB is failing on their promise of a harmonious learning environment for Toronto's youth. The Toronto District School Board location is known for having a high rate of violence among youths. The year 2013 saw the highest number of youths killed by guns in the district of Toronto including 7 teens who were 16 years old at the time of the incidents. Media statistics have estimated that Toronto's shooting victims, all males in 2013, have gotten younger. Their average age is estimated to be around 22 years old, down from 26 years old in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/vitalsigns/2014/10/07/vital_signs_report_toronto_foundation_how_is_the_city_doing.html|title=Vital Signs Report, Toronto Foundation: How is the city doing? {{!}} Toronto Star|website=thestar.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
====Past incidents====
One of the incidents prior to amalgamation of the boards saw a wave of violence by October 1994. At first an ambush involving black and white students occurred at [[Brockton High School (Toronto)|Brockton High School]]. Minutes after the attack occurred, another student had been beaten and stabbed. Afterwards police discovered a cache of weapons in a gym bag. At least four students received criminal charges.<ref name=Duffyhistory>Duffy, Andrew. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/437099889.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=Andrew%20Duffy%20TORONTO%20STAR&pub=Toronto%20Star&edition=&startpage=&desc=See%20related%20stories%20on%20page%20A1%20and%20A6%20West-end%20high%20school%20had%20history%20of%20violence,%20gangs See related stories on page A1 and A6 West-end high school had history of violence, gangs]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. October 21, 1994. Retrieved on September 28, 2013. "Barry Stroud was principal of Brockton for four years until leaving in February to take over the Boyne River Natural Science School in Shelburne. (The school is operated by the Toronto board.)"; "The 17- year-old was stabbed, cut and bruised in the afternoon ambush that involved black and white students, police said. Another Brockton student was beaten and stabbed just minutes later. Police seized a gym bag full of weapons after the attack and at least four Brockton students were charged.", and "Brockton, built in the late 1960s as a vocational school, is slated to close in June because of declining enrolment." and "STAR COLOR PHOTO (Welsh): EMERGENCY TREATMENT: Brockton High School guidance counsellor [Ron Dagilis] is wheeled into Sunnybrook Health Science Centre after being shot in his office yesterday. MAP: Dufferin St. area - Brockton High School location STAR CHART AND DRAWING (Alfred Elicierto): What happened at Brockton High CHART (ONT edition): Crime in schools - list of 1993 incidents and number of reported offences 1990, 1993 " and "1990, 1993 Note Shocked and saddened Toronto school board officials struggled" and "It will re- open in the fall as Ursula Franklin Academy, described by board"</ref> On Thursday October 20<!--Oct 21 is a Friday-->, 1994, a guidance counselor and an assistant principal were shot in their offices.<ref name=shotinoffices>"[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/275339891.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=&pub=Waterloo%20Region%20Record&edition=&startpage=&desc=2%20Toronto%20teachers%20shot%20in%20offices 2 Toronto teachers shot in offices]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. October 21, 1994. Front p. A1. Retrieved on September 28, 2013.</ref> They received chest, leg, and shoulder wounds but remained alive.<ref>Duncanson, John, Phinjo Gombu, and Joseph Hall. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/437101099.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=John%20Duncanson,%20Phinjo%20Gombu%20and%20Joseph%20Hall%20TORONTO%20STAR&pub=Toronto%20Star&edition=&startpage=&desc=Two%20teachers%20shot%20at%20high%20school Two teachers shot at high school]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. October 21, 1994. News p. A1. Retrieved on September 30, 2013.</ref> A 27<!--NOT a typo! He was 27 years old-->-year-old student was charged with attempted murder.<ref name=shotinoffices/>
The first incidents of violence directly affecting a TDSB secondary school occurred in 2007, when Jordan Manners, a 15-year-old student, was shot and killed in the hallway of C.W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cp24.com/a-look-back-at-the-murder-of-jordan-manners-1.646294|title=A look back at the murder of Jordan Manners|website=Cp24.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> It has been 10 years since the incident and the situation has not improved. After the highly publicized death of Manners, the safety and security of TDSB schools was scrutinized and questioned.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/response-to-school-safety-report-lukewarm/article17986414/|title=Response to school safety report lukewarm|website=Theglobeandmail.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> Prior to the Jordan Manners’ shooting, 81% of CW Jefferys reported feeling safe at schools after the shooting this dropped 37 percentage points to 44%.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.falconerschoolsafetyreport.com/pdf/executive_summary.pdf|title=THE ROAD TO HEALTH: A FINAL REPORT ON SCHOOL SAFETY|website=Falconerschoolsafetyreport.com|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> A panel was set up after the Jordan Manners shooting to address the issue of school safety.<ref name=":1" /> However, The TDSB has been accused of, "failing to take immediate steps, there are areas where they have chosen not to follow the panel's recommendations.".<ref name=":0" />
A similar incident also took place on September 16, 2008, when a 16-year-old boy was shot in the chest in the parking lot of [[Bendale Business and Technical Institute]] following an altercation involving several people. The victim was subsequently hospitalized in critical condition. The next day, [[Toronto Police]] announced it had made two arrests in the case; 18-year-old Mark Deicsics, was charged with armed robbery.<ref name=Bendaleshooting>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2010/10/06/tor-central-tech-shooting-charges.htmll|title=Teen shot, injured at Canadian high school
|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=September 16, 2008|access-date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> The incident prompted authorities to lock down not only Bendale, but three other nearby schools ([[David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute]]) for almost three hours.<ref name=Bendaleshooting /><ref>[http://www.citynews.ca/2008/09/17/wounded-teen-one-of-two-arrested-in-bendale-school-shooting/ Wounded Teen One Of Two Arrested In Bendale School Shooting] - ''[[CityNews]].ca'', September 17, 2008 - Retrieved August 16, 2013.</ref>
In September 2009, a Grade 11 student was stabbed during lunch hour at [[Bloor Collegiate Institute]].<ref name="Bloorstabbing">{{cite news|last=Ferenc|first=Leslie|title=Bloor Collegiate student stabbed|url=https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/695444|access-date=December 1, 2014|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|date=September 14, 2009}}</ref> Katherine Evans, the principal of the school, stated that this was the first stabbing at the school that she's aware of.<ref name="Bloorstabbing"/> For about two hours, the school was in "secure mode" where nobody was allowed in or out of the building.<ref name="Bloorstabbing"/> However, the school wasn't in lockdown as students were allowed to move around the school.<ref name="Bloorstabbing"/>
On September 23, 2014, another outbreak of violence occurred when Hammid Aminzada, a 19-year-old [[North Albion Collegiate Institute]] student, was fatally stabbed on school grounds after attempting to break up a fight between two students.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tdsb-creates-new-safety-panel-in-wake-of-hamid-aminzada-s-stabbing-death-1.2806241|title=Stabbing death of Toronto student prompts new school safety panel|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> The TDSB director of education Donna Quan announced that the board would "soon begin an independent review into the facts surrounding the events leading to and following the death of Hamid and to determine if more can be done to prevent such deaths and to improve support and engagement of students and families".<ref name=":2" /> As a response, the TDSB sent out a press release on October 20, 2014, it listed and reviewed the facts surrounding the events leading up to and after the reported incident. In it they stated they would appoint a steering team to examine the circumstances pertaining to the occurrence and assess both the system and crisis response procedures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1338685/terms-of-reference.pdf|title=DEATH OF HAMID AMINZADA SCHOOL SAFETY AND THE ENGAGEMENT OF A STEERING TEAM : TERMS OF REFERENCE|website=S3.amazonaws.com|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref>
====Past violence-prevention initiatives====
In the late 1990s The Tory Government implemented a deliberate strategy to eliminate violence and illegal behavior on school grounds. This effort has been referred to as “Safe Schools Culture” which had a destructive effect on disenfranchised youth, especially African-Canadian. This approach lead to mass suspensions and other forms of conventional discipline that did not take into account the complex needs of the youth. The zero tolerance philosophy lead to abundant suspensions and expulsions under a “one size fits all” mentality. The culture tended toward pushing youths out of schools without essential support systems.<ref name=":1"/>
====Current violence-prevention initiatives====
Today, steps against the violence in schools have led to the implementation of the School's Community Safety Advisory Panel following any major incident of violence on school grounds. The panel is responsible for conducting an independent review into the facts surrounding the events leading to and following the particular incident.<ref name=":2"/> "The reviews will assist us in understanding the circumstances around this tragic incident to ensure that we continue moving the gains we’ve made in creating safe and caring school environments out to our school communities".<ref name=":2"/> Additionally, every second year the Toronto District School Board conducts a School Climate Survey within their schools to gain direct results and understanding from students, school staff and parents about the overall school climate. These surveys are used to make informed planning decisions about programs to help prevent bullying and promote a safe and inclusive school environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/HighSchool/CaringSafeSchools.aspx|title=Caring & Safe Schools|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
===School mosque===
In 2011, it was revealed that a TDSB school, Valley Park Middle School, had been holding Muslim prayer services for students in its cafeteria during school hours. The prayer services lasted 30 to 40 minutes, and were led by an imam from a nearby mosque, though later this was changed to a student-led format to stem criticisms.<ref name="Morrow">{{cite web | last = Morrow | first = Adrian | title = Hindu Group Criticizes Toronto School's Muslim Prayer Sessions | publisher = The Globe and Mail | date = July 4, 2011 | url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/hindu-group-criticizes-toronto-schools-muslim-prayer-sessions/article585556/}}</ref>
School administration prepared the cafeteria space, and non-Muslim students attended classes during the prayer sessions.<ref name="Sun">{{cite web | title = Islamic Students Pray at Public School | publisher = Toronto Sun | date = July 3, 2011 | url = http://www.torontosun.com/2011/07/03/public-school-used-for-islamic-prayer-services}}</ref> During the prayers, boys and girls were separated by benches, with girls placed behind the boys. Menstruating girls did not participate, but could observe from the back row.<ref name="Dwivedi">{{cite web | last = Dwivedi | first = Supriya | title = Valley Park Middle School or Valley Park Muslim School? | publisher = Huffington Post | date = July 25, 2011 | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/supriya-dwivedi/valley-park-middle-school_b_907253.html}}</ref> ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' commented:
<blockquote>This school is allowing children to skip class so that they can pray during school hours in a secular public school system, all the while instilling the misconceived notion that menstruating girls are somehow unclean and should be pushed to the back of the figurative bus, which in this case is represented by the cafeteria turned makeshift mosque.<ref name="Dwivedi"/></blockquote>
TDSB's Executive Superintendent of Equity and Engagement, Jim Spryopoulos noted, “we have the duty to accommodate", in keeping with the Toronto District School Board's Religious Accommodation policy.
Anti-Muslim groups like Canadian Hindu Advocacy group seized on the controversy and clouded what many saw as a clear issue of separation of church and state:<blockquote>In fact, it’s becoming increasingly clear that some of the most strident opponents of the cafeteria congregation are as morally deficient as the congregation system itself. But most Canadian publications haven’t noticed. Take the Canadian Hindu Advocacy, an interest group that’s been Valley Park Middle School’s most passionate opponent. Nearly every newspaper article on the topic, from those in the ''Toronto Star'' to the ''Toronto Sun'', has called The Canadian Hindu Advocacy a mere “critic of Islam”. Closer investigation, though, (or any at all) makes clear that the CHA is no critic, but one, a vehemently anti-Islamic organization; and two, despite its name, an embarrassment to Canadian pluralism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/opposing-prayer-in-toronto-public-schools-with-dignity/|title=Opposing prayer in Toronto public schools, with dignity|last=Teitel|first=Emma|date=July 27, 2011|website=Maclean's|access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref></blockquote>
===Culture of fear===
In 2014, the Province of Ontario appointed Margaret Wilson to lead an independent review of operational issues at the TDSB. Wilson conducted over sixty interviews, and reviewed documents, letters, and hundreds of emails. Her conclusion was that a "climate of fear" existed within the TDSB.<ref name="Review">{{cite web | last = Wilson | first = Margaret | title = Review of the Toronto District School Board | publisher = Ontario Ministry of Education | date = January 15, 2015 | url = http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/new/2015/TDSBReview2015.pdf}}</ref> Wilson wrote:
<blockquote>I saw little recognition among experienced trustees that they might be responsible for at least some of the 'climate of fear'...nor did I see any recognition among very senior staff that they too had a part in creating that climate.<ref name="Review"/></blockquote>
Wilson stated that many employees believed their phones and computers were being monitored.<ref name="Review"/>
Wilson submitted ten recommendations to [[Liz Sandals]], the [[Ministry of Education (Ontario)|Minister of Education]].<ref name="Review"/> Sandals commented about the report: "The culture of fear, which may have started at the upper levels of the board, is getting dangerously close to the classroom...we have to stop that."<ref>{{cite web | last = Howlett | first = Karen | title = Minister Describes TDSB Problems as Threat to Students, 'Culture of Fear' | publisher = Globe and Mail | date = January 16, 2015 | url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/minister-describes-tdsb-problems-as-threat-to-students-culture-of-fear/article22484218/}}</ref>
In April 2015—three months after the release of the Wilson Report—it was revealed that the TDSB had placed a covert camera inside a clock located in the office of a TDSB principal. About the incident, Wilson commented "It did strike me as part of the whole climate at the board". Following that revelation, TDSB Director Donna Quan issued a statement assuring "there are currently no hidden cameras in any office of a principal/vice-principal employed by the TDSB."<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Kristin | first1 = Rushowy | last2 = Andrew-Gee | first2 = Eric | title = Toronto School Board Hid Camera in Principal's Office | publisher = Toronto Star | date = April 10, 2015 | url = https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2015/04/10/toronto-school-board-hid-camera-in-principals-office.html}}</ref>
The TDSB held no public inquiry into the culture of fear, and offered no compensation to those affected. In 2016, the former director John Malloy said:
<blockquote>Everyone who meets me wants to talk about the culture of fear and I understand that, fine, but what I have to be talking about or I won’t be effective in this role, is what we can do to move forward.<ref>{{cite web | last = Brown | first = Louise | title = For New Head of Troubled TDSB, It's All About Moving Forward | publisher = Toronto Star | date = February 12, 2016 | url = https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2016/02/12/for-new-head-of-troubled-tdsb-its-all-about-moving-forward.html}}</ref></blockquote>
===Removing the word "chief" from job titles===
In 2017, it was reported that the TDSB was ending the use of the word "chief" in job titles out of respect for Indigenous communities. The decision was inspired by the final report of Canada's [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]], though the final report "did not explicitly call for the removal of titles such as chief from non-Indigenous applications".<ref>{{cite news | last = Boisvert | first = Nick | date = October 11, 2017 | title = Toronto District School Board to Remove 'Chief' From Job Titles Out of Respect for Indigenous Communities | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tdsb-chief-titles-1.4350079 | work = CBC News}}</ref> [[Marcus Gee]] commented in ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'': "The idea was so ridiculous that it had to be in jest... It does nothing for the Indigenous community. It does nothing for the cause of Indigenous rights. In fact, by making something out of nothing, it discredits that cause, tainting it with the scent of wild-eyed zealotry."<ref>{{cite news | last = Gee | first = Marcus | date = October 13, 2017 | title = What Exactly is the Toronto District School Board's 'Chief' Problem? | url = https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/what-exactly-is-the-toronto-district-school-boards-chief-problem/article36589003/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com& | work = The Globe and Mail}}</ref>
===Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic===
{{further|COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto|COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario}}
As the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] began to spread across the globe, concerns in the TDSB had begun to halt the spread of such [[Coronavirus disease 2019|contagious disease]]. On March 4, a student from Whitney Junior Public School has been exposed to the disease.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/students-at-toronto-elementary-school-may-have-been-exposed-to-covid-19-1.4844658|title=Students at Toronto elementary school may have been exposed to COVID-19|first=Chris|last=Fox|website=ctvnews}}</ref> Following the [[World Health Organization]]'s declaration of the COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, Ontario premier [[Doug Ford]] announced all schools in the TDSB to be closed on March 14 until April 6 (this has been extended several times until May).<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5495075</ref> Subsequently, Ontario declared a [[state of emergency]] on March 17.
With cases began to gradually decline, the Ministry of Education announced a reopening plan for all the school boards including the TDSB with strict health protocols in place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torontosun.com/news/provincial/ford-govt-punts-school-reopenings-to-local-boards|title=Ford gov't punts school reopenings to local boards|website=torontosun}}</ref> On June 18, the TDSB announced the report cards to all secondary students will be received in July.<ref>https://www.cp24.com/mobile/news/tdsb-to-issue-report-cards-electronically-but-parents-of-secondary-students-will-have-to-wait-to-july-1.4989730</ref>
On July 30, the province educational ministry released an reopening plan.<ref>https://www.tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1499/Ministry-of-Education-Announces-School-Reopening-Plans</ref> In the plan released by the TDSB on August 4, the board intends to have class cohorts of approximately 15 students for high schools with either alternate days or alternate schedules in a quadmester format. Elementary students would be attending school five days a week with 300 instructional minutes, for students in kindergarten to Grade 8, they will be expected to attend class five days a week but will be placed in one cohort for the entire day, which includes recess and lunch. All staff and students are expected to conduct a self-assessment for COVID-19 symptoms before coming to school. Once they arrive at school, a second screening will be conducted. Masks are mandatory per the City by-law imposed in July. [[Virtual learning]] also remains an option for students.<ref>https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/04/tdsb-new-plan-school-reopening/</ref> However, 80 of the elementary schools (mostly in northwest Toronto) are identified by the Toronto Public Health to be at risk with COVID-19, which caused the TDSB to consider reducing class sizes in those said schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7286194/tdsb-plan-cut-class-sizes-neighbourhoods-risk-coronavirus/|title=New TDSB plan cuts class sizes in neighbourhoods with highest risk of COVID-19|website=Global News}}</ref><ref>https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/docs/Schools%20in%20the%20Highest-Risk%20Neighbourhoods%20for%20COVID-19%20Identified%20by%20To___.pdf</ref>
==Schools==
{{main|List of schools in the Toronto District School Board}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|Schools}}
*[[Toronto Catholic District School Board]], the English-language Catholic school board that also operates in Toronto
*[[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]], the French-language school board that also operates in Toronto
*[[Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud]], the French-language Catholic school board in Toronto
*[[List of school districts in Ontario]]
{{Clear}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*MacLellan, Duncan ([[Ryerson University]] Department of Politics and Public Administration). "[http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf The Fewer Schools Boards Act and the Toronto District School Board: Educational Restructuring 1997- 2003]." (working paper) ([https://www.webcitation.org/6IMVa7msm?url=http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf Archive]) - Presented to the annual meeting of the [[Canadian Political Science Association]], [[University of Saskatchewan]], [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], June 1, 2007.
*Rushowy, Kristin. "[https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/01/10/tdsbs_chris_spence_resigns_amid_growing_plagiarism_scandal.html TDSB’s Chris Spence resigns amid growing plagiarism scandal]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. Thursday January 10, 2013.
==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}
*[http://www.tdsb.on.ca/ Toronto District School Board official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.tbe.toronto.on.ca/ Toronto Board of Education] (Archive)
{{Toronto Government}}
{{Toronto}}
{{Metro Toronto Government}}
[[Category:Toronto District School Board| ]]
[[Category:School districts established in 1953]]
[[Category:Education in Toronto]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in Ontario]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{About| |Catholic public schools in Toronto|Toronto Catholic District School Board|French language public schools in Toronto|Conseil scolaire Viamonde}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Undue weight|date=August 2017}}}}
The '''Toronto District School Board''' ('''TDSB'''), formerly known as '''English-language Public District School Board No. 12''' prior to 1999,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ontario Regulation 107/08|url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/source/regs/english/2008/elaws_src_regs_r08107_e.htm|access-date=15 April 2014|work=e-Laws|publisher=Government of Ontario}}</ref> is the [[Canadian English|English]]-language [[Secular school|public-secular]] school board for [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada. The minority public-secular francophone ([[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]]), [[Separate school|public-separate]] anglophone ([[Toronto Catholic District School Board]]), and public-separate francophone ([[Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir]]) communities of Toronto also have their own publicly funded school boards and schools that operate in the same area, but which are independent of the TDSB. Its headquarters are in the district of [[North York]].<ref>"[http://www.tdsb.on.ca/newsroom/images_multi_media/5050_2.gif 5050_2.gif]." ([https://www.webcitation.org/5x65QAi2j Archive]) Toronto District School Board. Retrieved on March 12, 2011.</ref>{{Infobox school district
| name = Toronto District School Board<hr />{{small|formerly known as the}}<br />{{nowrap|Metropolitan Toronto School Board}}<ref name=MTSB /><ref>https://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf</ref>
| logo = Toronto District School Board Logo.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_alt =
| grades =
| established = January 20, 1953 (MTSB)<hr />January 1, 1998 (current form)
| closed =
| region =
| country = [[Canada]]
| location = 5050 Yonge Street<br />[[North York]], [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], M2N 5N8
| coordinates =
| superintendent_type = Superintendents
| superintendent = 22<br /> + 4 associate directors<ref>{{cite web |title=School Superintendents 2019-20 |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Director-of-Education/Senior-Team/School-Superintendents |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref>
| free_label = Chair of the Board
| free_text = Alexander Brown<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander Brown Elected as TDSB Chair |url=https://tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1504/Alexander-Brown-Elected-as-TDSB-Chair |website=Toronto District School Board |publisher=TDSB |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>
| free_label2 = Director of Education
| free_text2 = Interm Director - Karen Flaconer
| free_label3 = Elected trustees
| free_text3 = 22
| free_label4 = Student trustees
| free_text4 = Firdaus Shallo, Mays Abusaifan<ref>{{cite web |title=TDSB Student Senate |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/High-School/TDSB-Student-Senate |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
| schools = 473 [[elementary school]]s<br />110 [[high school|secondary school]]s<br />5 adult education schools<ref name="About Us">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/About-Us |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref>
| budget = ~CA$3.4 billion (2019–2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=2019-20 Budget |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Business-Services/Budgets-and-Financial-Statements/2019-20-Budget |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref>
| district_id = [http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/sbinfo/boardList.html#74 B66052]
| website = {{URL|tdsb.on.ca}}
}}[[File:TorontoDistrictSchoolBoardEducationCentre - 2015May30.jpg|300px|right|thumb|The Toronto District School Board Education Centre, located at 5050 [[Yonge Street]] in [[North York]], is the headquarters of the Toronto District School Board, formerly the headquarters of the [[North York Board of Education]].]]
The TDSB was founded on January 20, 1953 as the '''Metropolitan Toronto School Board''' ('''MTSB''') as a "super-ordinate umbrella board" to coordinate activities and to apportion tax revenues equitably across the six anglophone and later a francophone school boards within [[Metro Toronto]].<ref name=MTSB>{{cite web|author1=Royal Commission on Learning|title=For The Love of Learning|url=http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/abcs/rcom/full/volume4/chapter17.pdf|publisher=[[Ministry of Education (Ontario)]]|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VyeQJSmw?url=http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/abcs/rcom/full/volume4/chapter17.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2015|location=Vol 4, Chap. 17, p. 17|date=December 1994|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The MTSB was reorganized and replaced on January 1, 1998 when the six anglophone metro school boards and MTSB merged to form the Toronto District School Board. The [[Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto|francophone school board]] of MTSB was amalgamated with several other Francophone school boards in the region to form Conseil scolaire Viamonde.
Today, the TDSB is Canada's largest school board and the fourth largest school board in North America.
==History==
=== Early history ===
The earliest schools in Toronto were in private homes, often run by members of the clergy. Public funding for schools began with the establishment of the [[Jarvis Collegiate Institute|Home District Grammar School]]. Notably, it was not governed by an elected school board. Voting for the city's first elected school board took place in 1816 following the passage of the Common School Act. The board, as per the regulations of the act, had three members: Eli Playter, [[Thomas David Morrison|Dr. Thomas D. Morrison]], and [[Jesse Ketchum]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Centennial Story: The Board of Education for the CityAustin|publisher=Thomas Nelson & Sons (Canada) Limited|year=1950|editor-last=Cochrane|editor-first=Honora M.|location=Toronto, ON}}</ref> The board governed the Common School at York which was located on the same grounds as the Grammar School. However, this lasted only four years before the school and its associated school board were shut down in favour of the creation of the Central School which was placed under the control of an unelected board and marked an attempt to bring public schools under Anglican religious control.<ref name=":3" /> Control of this board in Toronto was then subsumed under a provincial Board of Education in 1824, itself merged into the Council of King's College, a body charged with obtaining a university for the province.
In 1831, [[Upper Canada College]] was created to replace the Home District Grammar School with state funding in the form of an initial crown lands grant of 6,000 acres, later supplemented by an additional 60,000 acres.<ref name=":3" /> In contrast, common schools in this era, the equivalent of today's elementary schools, were woefully underfunded. Funding for the schools was derived from the sale of crown lands, but the lands chosen to support education were undesirable and couldn't command a high enough price to sustain the common schools. In addition to undesirability, the acreage devoted to funding the common schools initially granted in 1816 was later reduced by half. These deficiencies began to be addressed by the School Act of 1844 and culminated in the creation of local public school boards across the province including the Toronto Public School Board.
=== The Toronto Public School Board ===
The Toronto Public School Board (TPSB) was created in 1847 to oversee elementary education in [[Toronto]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.ca/ebooks/putman-egertonryerson/putman-egertonryerson-00-h.html#CHAPTER_VI|title=Egerton Ryerson and Education in Upper Canada, by J. Harold Putman|website=www.gutenberg.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> However, the date of creation of the board is also given as 1850 as this was when trustee elections under a ward system started.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/schoolsystemont00rossgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/schoolsystemont00rossgoog/page/n44 24]|title=The School System of Ontario (Canada) Its History and Distinctive Features|last=Ross|first=Sir George William|date=1896|publisher=D. Appleton|language=en}}</ref> Legislation toward the creation of local, public school boards began with the School Act of 1844, which stipulated municipal contributions toward the salaries of teachers. The Toronto Public School Board continued to govern the city's elementary schools until 1904 when, following a city referendum, it was merged with the Collegiate Institute Board, which oversaw the city's secondary schools, and the Technical School Board, which oversaw the Toronto Technical School, to form the [[Toronto Board of Education]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/toronto_board_of_education_created|title=Toronto Board of Education Formed|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref name="Prentice 1991 206">{{Cite book|title=Gender and Education in Ontario: An Historical Reader|last1=Prentice|first1=Alison|last2=Heaps|first2=Ruby|publisher=Canadian Scholars' Press|year=1991|location=Toronto, ON|pages=206}}</ref>
Six trustees were appointed to the original 1847 board by the municipal council of Toronto to serve with the mayor.<ref name=":4" /> The board was composed entirely of white men until the election of the first female trustee [[Augusta Stowe-Gullen]] in 1892.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/decades/1890s/event/first_women_elected_to_toronto_board_of_education|title=First Women Elected as Trustees|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> The board was created after the passage of the Common School Act of 1846 spearheaded by [[Egerton Ryerson]], architect of both publicly funded schooling and the [[Canadian Indian residential school system|residential school system]]. The Act also called for the creation of a provincial normal school which would become the [[Toronto Normal School]]. Prior to the 1846 Common School Act, individual schools were governed by boards created under the Grammar School Act of 1807 and the Common Schools Act of 1816.<ref name=":5" /> Like all boards of education at the time, the Toronto Public School Board was responsible for raising money to fund schools in addition to grants provided by the provincial government. However, they were not empowered to make these levies compulsory until the passage of the Common School Act in 1850<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/black_history/big/big_25_common_schools.aspx|title=The Common Schools Act|website=www.archives.gov.on.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> brought on in part by the closure of schools in Toronto in 1848 due to lack of funds.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/the_common_school_act|title=1850 Common School Act|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> This act also allowed for the creation of [[separate school]]s boards in Ontario including racially segregated schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/the_common_school_act?assetnodeid=687|title=1850 Common School Act|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tvo.org/article/current-affairs/the-story-of-ontarios-last-segregated-black-school|title=The story of Ontario's last segregated Black school|date=2018-02-26|website=TVO|language=en|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> In Toronto, the act allowed for the creation of a Catholic school board which would eventually become today's [[Toronto Catholic District School Board]]. While elementary schooling across the province was not made free by law until 1871, the 1850 Common School Act allowed for individual boards to entirely fund their schools through public funds. The Toronto Public School Board voted to do so in 1851, making elementary schooling in the city free. Minutes from the first meetings of the Toronto Public School Board have been preserved by the Toronto District School Board Museum and Archives.
==== Schools of the Toronto Public School Board ====
When the Toronto Public School Board was first created, elementary or common schools in the city did not have dedicated buildings but instead, "the thousand-odd children who were registered as common school pupils were accommodated in rented premises--a dozen or so small halls and houses, designated by numbers."<ref name=":3" /> This changed shortly after the election of the first board when six schools identical in architecture were built, one in each ward of the city. More schools with distinct designs were built over the coming decades. Some of these original schools are listed in the order of their construction below:
# Louisa St. School (1852)
# The Park School (1853)
# George St. School (1853)
# John St. School (1855)
# Victoria St. School (1855)
# Phoebe St. School (1855)
# [https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5239 Jesse Ketchum School] (1858)
# Givins St. School (1859)
# Elizabeth St. School (1868)
# York St. School (1870)
# Bathurst St. School (1872)
# [https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5210 Church St. School] (1872)
# Parliament St. School (1872)
The six original schools have since been demolished with only the Park School having been replaced with a new school.<ref name=":3" /> As the student population grew, rented premises continued to be used to accommodate students, especially in the case of auxiliary schools where attendance was lower and the schools were more similar to county schools.
==== Members of the Toronto Public School Board ====
The first elections for the school board were held on September 3, 1850. Two trustees were elected to represent each of the six wards in the city.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Results of 1850 School Trustee Elections<ref name=":3" />
!Ward
!Trustees
|-
|St. Andrew's
|G.P. Ridout; Alex. Macdonald
|-
|St. David's
|Jos. Workman, M.D.; A.A. Riddell
|-
|St. George's
|J.L. Robinson; E.F. Whittemore
|-
|St. James's
|J.D. Ridout; D. Paterson
|-
|St. Lawrence's
|J.G. Beard; Wm. Gooderham
|-
|St. Patrick's
|J.H. Hagarty; James Price
|}
This list includes many prominent families of Toronto. Positions on the board were unpaid and were dominated by members of wealthy families who could afford to spend time in meetings and advocating for board policies. J.D. Ridout and G.P. Ridout were sons of [[Thomas Ridout (politician)|Thomas Ridout]], a politician and chairman of the Home District Council. The Gooderham name is known best for its connection to [[Gooderham and Worts]] a Canadian distillery since purchased by Hiram Walker and whose buildings have been retained and restored in Toronto's [[Distillery District]]. [[Joshua George Beard]] served on the board for twenty years in addition to serving as a city alderman and was elected the 10th [[List of mayors of Toronto|Mayor of Toronto]] in 1854.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spacing.ca/toronto/2017/06/13/short-mysterious-life-beard-building/|title=The short, mysterious life of the Beard Building|last=Bateman|first=Chris|date=2017-06-13|website=Spacing Toronto|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> Gooderham, David Paterson, and E.F. Whittemore were directors of Consumer's Gas Works<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/whittemore_ezekiel_francis_8E.html|title=Biography – WHITTEMORE, EZEKIEL FRANCIS – Volume VIII (1851–1860) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> a Toronto gas distribution company since acquired by [[Enbridge]] whose buildings remain prominent in Toronto including the [[Consumers' Gas Building|Consumer's Gas Building]] and as performance and rehearsal spaces for [[Canadian Stage Company|Canadian Stage]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lostrivers.ca/content/points/gasworks.html|title=Gas Works|website=www.lostrivers.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> James L. Robinson was [[George William Allan|George W. Allan]]'s partner in law<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torontofamilyhistory.org/simcoesgentry/5/allan-gardens|title=The Horticultural Gardens « Simcoe's Gentry: Toronto's Park Lots|website=torontofamilyhistory.org|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> and son of [[Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto|Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet of Toronto.]] [[John Hawkins Hagarty]] would go on to become Chief Justice of Ontario.
James Price was a builder; his presence as the only trustee from more humble roots speaks to the composition of the Toronto Public School Board in this era.<ref name=":3" /> Dr. Joseph Workman was elected chair of the school board. In addition to serving on the board for five years, he was Superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, now the Queen Street Mental Health Centre of the [[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cabbagetownpeople.ca/person/joseph-workman/|website=www.cabbagetownpeople.ca|access-date=2018-12-10|title=Joseph Workman, MD 1805 - 1894}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/workman_joseph_12E.html|title=Biography – WORKMAN, JOSEPH – Volume XII (1891–1900) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> Workman was one of the prime supporters of the campaign to build publicly owned schools.
==== Notable Figures of the Toronto Public School Board ====
[[George Anthony Barber]], the board's first Local Superintendent, and the father of Canadian cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/barber_george_anthony_10E.html|title=Biography – BARBER, GEORGE ANTHONY – Volume X (1871–1880) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/george-anthony-barber|title=George Anthony Barber|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=September 7, 2019}}</ref>
Rev. James Porter, the board's second Local Superintendent. He worked to increase attendance at Toronto's public schools<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/schoolingscholar0000hous|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/schoolingscholar0000hous/page/269 269]|quote=reverend james porter toronto.|title=Schooling and Scholars in Nineteenth-century Ontario|last1=Houston|first1=Susan E.|last2=Prentice|first2=Alison L.|date=1988|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9780802058010|language=en}}</ref> and reported to [[Egerton Ryerson]] on the construction of a new school for the board, Elizabeth St School.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7HEBw0pXxEC&q=james+porter&pg=RA8-PA67|title=Report of the Minister of Education|date=1865|publisher=Ontario Education Department|language=en}}</ref>
[[Jesse Ketchum]], a supporter of schooling responsible for many donations to the board<ref name=":6" /> and after whom the current Toronto District School Board school, [https://schoolweb.tdsb.on.ca/jesseketchum Jesse Ketchum Public School], is named.
James L. Hughes, principal of the [[Toronto Normal School]]'s Model School and Chief Inspector for the Toronto Public School Board.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article//james-laughlin-hughes|title=James Laughlin Hughes|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=September 7, 2019}}</ref>
==== Characteristics of Schooling in the Toronto Public School Board ====
Schooling in the era of the Toronto Public School Board was markedly different from modern schooling. In these large urban schools, students were separated by gender but taught in large, mixed-age classes of often over 100 students.<ref name=":3" /> Students were taught out of readers and exams were conducted orally and only available to the best students from each school division. The technology of schooling was different as well. Students often were seated on long benches, or "forms". The introduction of the individual desk was a technological advancement advocated by some as a means of preventing students from distracting each other. Urban schools were often early adopters of these new technologies. This meant that the Toronto Public School Board was a leader in adopting blackboards, which other school boards were slower to introduce.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prentice|first=Alison|date=1984-06-06|title=From Household to School House: The Emergence of the Teacher as Servant of the State|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MCR/article/view/17206|journal=Material Culture Review / Revue de la culture matérielle|language=en-US|volume=20|issn=1927-9264}}</ref> Teachers were also often expected to lodge in the school. In the Toronto Public School Board, provisions were made for a room for the teacher in the basements of the first six schools. At this time, secondary schools, or grammar schools, were not free. However, the Toronto Public School Board provided scholarships for the top achieving boys to attend these all-male institutions.<ref name=":3" /> A provincial grant incentivized the creation of school libraries, and in 1858 the board had 2,837 volumes. An 1862 motion for the introduction of gymnasiums was met with some resistance as they were considered an expensive addition outside the scope of the academic disciplines of schools. Ultimately, the Select Committee voted against the recommendation.
==== TPSB Industrial Schools ====
Schooling for children living in poverty was a concern of many of the Chief Inspectors of the TPSB, including Inspector Hughes. He and others campaigned for the passage of legislation to allow for the creation of [[industrial school]]s, similar to those created in England. In the meantime, a class for expelled students was created in a church mission run by the [[Grace Church on-the-Hill|Anglican Grace Church]]. The space was provided for free by the church and the class was staffed by the TPSB, who provided [[Esther Frances How]] who would go on to be widely remembered for her work at the school.<ref name=":3" /> Although the Ontario Industrial Schools Act was passed in 1874, industrial schools were not built in Toronto until 1887 when the province provided funding to support the construction of such schools. The first two industrial schools in Toronto were the Victoria Industrial School for Boys and the Alexandra School for Girls. The schools were both part of the Industrial Schools Association of Toronto.
===== Victoria Industrial School for Boys =====
Built in 1887, the Victoria Industrial School for Boys was the destination for youth convicted of crimes and "incorrigible" youth until it was closed in 1934. Boys at the school were housed in "cottages," two to three story brick buildings housing as many as forty boys and quite unlike the wood-frame houses in nearby Mimico.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/industrial_schools_act_passed_in_ontario?assetnodeid=1084|title=Industrial Schools Act|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> In the "cottages," the boys were supervised by a man and woman, usually husband and wife.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bennett|first=Paul|date=May 1988|title=Taming "Bad Boys" of the "Dangerous Class": Child Rescue and Restraint at the Victoria Industrial School 1887–1935|journal=Histoire Sociale/Social History|volume=21|issue=41|pages=71–96}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=In the 'Best Interests of the Chiid?' : The Industrial School System in late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Ontario|last=Iozzo|first=Alessandra|publisher=Carleton University|year=2000|location=Ottawa, ON}}</ref> However, despite the homely setting, the school was often a place of violence for the boys there including such treatment as being handcuffed to the bed, beaten, and placed on bread-and-water diets. These abuses were the focus of investigations by the province as well as reporting in the ''[[Toronto Daily Star]].''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hogeveen|first=Bryan|date=May 2009|title=Accounting for Violence at the Victoria Industrial School|journal=Histoire Sociale/Social History|volume=42|issue=83|pages=147–174|doi=10.1353/his.0.0057|s2cid=145499107}}</ref> Although the school was operated locally, the school was increasingly populated by boys from across the province.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Neff|first=Charlotte|date=1994–1995|title=The Ontario Industrial Schools Act of 1874|journal=Canadian Journal of Family Law|volume=12|pages=171–208}}</ref> The site was used for the education of inmates under various names including the [[Mimico Correctional Centre]] and is now home to the [[Toronto South Detention Centre]].
===== Alexandra School for Girls =====
Opened in 1892, the Alexandra School for Girls was located to the east of the then-bounds of the City of Toronto in Scarborough to the north of the intersection of present-day Blantyre Ave and Kingston Rd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beachmetro.com/2011/10/19/east-school-wayward-girls-flourished/|title=East End school for wayward girls flourished|last=Domagala|first=Gene|date=2011-10-19|website=Beach Metro Community News|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> The school was opened under the leadership of Superintendent Lucy W. Brooking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ao.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/ARCH_AUTHORITY/AUTH_DESC_DET_REP/SISN%207155?SESSIONSEARCH|title=Archives of Ontario|website=ao.minisisinc.com|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> The population of the school increased with a reduction in the number of women housed at the [[Andrew Mercer Reformatory for Women|Mercer Refuge]]. A number of factors including poverty led girls to be place at the school rather than other institutions such as the Toronto Girls' Home.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Neff|first=Charlotte|date=2011|title=The Role of the Toronto Girls' Home, 1863–1910|journal=Journal of Family History|volume=36|issue=3|pages=286–31|doi=10.1177/0363199011407030|pmid=21898964|s2cid=8007028}}</ref>
=== The Toronto Collegiate Institute Board ===
The Collegiate Institute Board was created in 1807 to oversee what we would now call secondary schools. Unlike the Toronto Public School Board whose trustees were elected, the Collegiate Institute Board was appointed. In its earliest years, [[John Strachan|Bishop Strachan]] influenced appointments, but starting in 1841 trustees were appointed by the provincial executive government and my municipal council from 1853 to 1904.<ref name=":3" /> Dean H.J. Grasset is most associated with the board, having served on the board for ten years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/grasett_henry_james_1808_82_11E.html|title=Biography – GRASETT, HENRY JAMES – Volume XI (1881–1890) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography|website=www.biographi.ca|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> Until the late 1880s the board was only responsible for one school, but this changed with the annexation of Parkdale in 1889, leading the Parkdale High School to be renamed the [[Parkdale Collegiate Institute|Jameson Avenue Collegiate Institute]], and the construction of [[Harbord Collegiate Institute]] in 1892. The addition of schools meant that the Toronto High School was renamed the [[Jarvis Collegiate Institute]] in 1890, though the school did not move to its current location until 1924.
=== The Toronto Technical School Board ===
The Technical School Board was created to oversee a single school, the [[Central Technical School|Toronto Technical School]]. Classes were first offered in 1892 in [[St. Lawrence Hall]], but when enrollment exceeded expectations they were moved to Old Wycliffe Hall, now part of the University of Toronto campus. In 1901, classes were moved to the [[Toronto Athletic Club|Stewart Building]] due to growing enrollment. Finally, the school moved to its current location in 1915 and is now known as the [[Central Technical School]] due to the construction of addition technical schools in the board. Members of the Technical School Board were also appointed but by a different process than members of the Collegiate Institute Board. Members of the Technical School Board were appointed by municipal council, the Architectural Guild, the Trades and Labour Council, and the Association of Stationary Engineers.<ref name=":3" /> After amalgamation in 1904, members of the board became part of a special committee of the Toronto Board of Education. Dr. A.C. McKay was an early champion of technical education.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/technology/central_technical_school|title=Central Technical School|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref>
=== The Toronto Board of Education ===
The [[Toronto Board of Education]], officially the Board of Education for the City of Toronto, governed education in pre-amalgamation Toronto from 1904 to 1998. It was created from the merger of the existing boards of education in the city (The Toronto Public School Board, the Toronto Collegiate Institute Board, and the Toronto Technical School Board) following a municipal referendum in 1904.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/toronto_board_of_education_created|title=Toronto Board of Education Formed|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=www.1845rr1945.ca|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-12-11}}</ref><ref name="Prentice 1991 206"/> The board governed education in Toronto until 1998.
=== Metropolitan Toronto School Board and the Toronto District School Board ===
The Metropolitan Toronto School Board was established on January 20, 1953, before the 1954 creation of the [[Metro Toronto|Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto]]<ref name=Journal>http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/BPL_Images/New_Journal_Samples/juaf0735-2166~23~5/104.PDF</ref><ref name=MTSB /> From the beginning, it was a federation of eleven public anglophone municipal school boards consisting of the [[East York Board of Education]], the [[Etobicoke Board of Education]], the Forest Hill Board of Education, the Lakeshore District Board of Education, Leaside Board of Education, the [[North York Board of Education]], the [[Scarborough Board of Education]], the Swansea Board of Education, the [[Toronto Board of Education]], Weston Board of Education and the [[Board of Education for the City of York|York Township Board of Education]].<ref>http://www.metropolicyarchive.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/HSS-1146450-1960D_MSBT-Minutes-1960.pdf</ref> Its head office was located at the former [[York Mills Public School]] site on Campbell Crescent (built 1956 and demolished 2004).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.library.ryerson.ca/index.php/metropolitan-toronto-school-board-offices|title=Metropolitan Toronto School Board offices - Archives & Special Collections|website=archives.library.ryerson.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/York_Mills_Public_School.html|title=York Mills Public School Historical Plaque|website=torontoplaques.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
Throughout its existence, the MTSB assisted local boards with maintenance assistance payments but the local school boards were exempted from paying property taxes.<ref name=Journal />
In 1967, Forest Hill and Swansea boards were abolished and merged with the TBE. The Lakeshore board was amalgamated with the Etobicoke school board followed by the Leaside board integrated into the EYBE and eventually, the Weston public board ceased to exist and absorbed in the York board.
French schools operated by the North York, Scarborough and Toronto boards were transferred into MTSB's francophone unit, the [[Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto]] (CEFCUT) on December 1, 1988.<ref name=Behieldsp133>Behiels, Michael D. ''La francophonie canadienne: renouveau constitutionnel et gouvernance scolaire'' (Issue 12 of Collection Amérique française, ISSN 1480-4735). [[University of Ottawa Press]], 2005. {{ISBN|2760306003}}, 9782760306004. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tZxojszq4ZAC&pg=PA133 133]. "Le Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto (CEFCUT), le 1<sup>er</sup> décembre 1988, s'établit dans un climat beaucoup moins acrimonieux qu'à Ottawa-Carleton. Jusqu'en 1987, les conseils scolaires de Toronto, North York et Scarborough ainsi que leurs CCLF gèrent les classes et les écoles de langue française qui accueillent près de 1700 élèves. En janvier 1987, le ministre de l'Éducation Sean Conway crée un comité de travail de portée générale afin de planifier la mise en train du CEFCUT. En février 1988, le comité présente son rapport final unanime au nouveau conseil scolaire."</ref> Seven of its public schools existed as of 1980.<ref name=Frenchspeaking>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YH4xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=c6QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2503,331302&dq=metropolitan+catholic+separate+school+board+english+french&hl=en Toronto has 7 public schools for French-speaking children]." ''[[The Canadian Press]]'' (CP) at ''[[Montreal Gazette]]''. Wednesday May 21, 1980. p. 66. Retrieved from [[Google News]] (66 of 141) on July 24, 2013.</ref> The concept of CÉFCUT was developed by a committee assembled by [[Ministry of Education (Ontario)|Ontario Minister of Education]] [[Sean Conway]]. CÉFCUT was established on 1 December 1988,<ref name=Behieldsp133/> and it began operations in 1989.<ref>Heller, Monica. ''Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario'' (Mouton Select Series). [[Walter de Gruyter]], 2003. {{ISBN|3110176874}}, 9783110176872. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=aCDunDNa_fQC&pg=PA243 243].</ref>
The passage of The Fewer School Boards Act of 1997, a bill passed by the Conservative Mike Harris government despite public opposition,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/01/01/amalgamation_10_years_later.html|title=Amalgamation: 10 years later {{!}} The Star|website=thestar.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-11}}</ref> which amalgamated boards of education across the province, reducing a number of boards to 72. The Act immediately followed legislation which amalgamated municipalities such as Bill 103 which made changes to the ''[[City of Toronto Act]]'' to amalgamate seven municipalities and create the current [[Toronto|City of Toronto]]. As a consequence, six of the English school boards merged with the MTSB to form the '' English-language Public District School Board No. 12'' which later became the ''Toronto District School Board'' in 1999. The French language schools operated by the CEFCUT were separated and became part of the new board, ''French-language Public District School Board No. 58'' which was later renamed to [[Conseil scolaire Viamonde|Conseil Scolaire de District du Centre-Sud-Ouest]].
TDSB headquarters was located at 155 College Street, the former offices of the Toronto Board of Education.<ref name=CollegeStreet>"[http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/1999/agendas/council/cc/cc990413/ud5rpt/cl020.htm City of Toronto Council and Committees School Board Lands]." ([https://archive.is/20130723204349/http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/1999/agendas/council/cc/cc990413/ud5rpt/cl020.htm Archive]). City of Toronto. March 26, 1999. Retrieved on July 23, 2013. "The TDSB administrative capital management strategy identifies the former Toronto Board of Education's facility at 155 College Street as the main headquarters of the new School Board, for its sole use."</ref> TDSB head office moved from 155 College Street to 5050 Yonge Street, which was previously occupied by the [[North York Board of Education]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19961208221925/http://nybe.interlog.com/ Home page]. ([https://archive.is/19961208221925/http://nybe.interlog.com/ Archive]) North York Board of Education. Retrieved on November 12, 2010. "5050 Yonge Street, North York, Ontario Canada, M2N 5N8, 416-395-4661"</ref>
==Organization==
The school board's organizational mission is "to enable all students to reach high levels of achievement and to acquire the knowledge, skills, and values they need to become responsible members of a democratic society."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=171&menuid=668&pageid=534|title=Toronto District School Board|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
The TDSB is the largest school board in Canada<ref>{{cite web|author=Connelly, Gerry|year=2006|title=A Message from the Director|work=Director's Annual Report,2004-05|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/about_us/director/docs/TDSBAnnReport0405Rev.pdf|access-date=2006-06-08}}</ref> and the 4th largest in North America.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}<ref>"[http://www.tdsb.on.ca/aboutUs/ About Us]." Toronto District School Board. Retrieved on June 8, 2012.</ref> The record was previously held by the [[Toronto Catholic District School Board|Metropolitan Separate School Board]] with over 100,000 students until 1998 what is now the Toronto Catholic District School Board.
There are more than 255,000 students<ref name="About Us"/> in nearly 600 schools within the TDSB. Of these schools, 473 offer elementary education, 110 offer secondary level education, and there are five adult day schools. The TDSB has 18 alternative elementary schools as well as 20 alternative secondary schools. TDSB has approximately 31,910 permanent and 10,500 temporary staff, which includes 11,360 elementary school teachers and 5,000 at the secondary level.<ref name="About Us"/>
Parent and Community involvement occurs at all levels of the school board system, from parental involvement at local schools, the involvement of local organizations at the school level and formal advisory committees at the Board level.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=91&menuid=314&pageid=242|title=Toronto District School Board|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
There has also been an effort to include more student involvement in the Toronto District School Board. The "Super Council" is an organization which acts as a student council for the entire board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/viewItem.asp?siteid=199&menuid=973&pageid=711|title=Toronto District School Board|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> There has also been an attempt to place student input in the TDSB's Equity Department through the second, and last, board-wide student group: Students Working Against Great Injustice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=10274&menuid=15686&pageid=13877|title=Toronto District School Board|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> Both groups have put together various events and have had much success in giving input towards the decisions of the Board.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/programs/Equity_in_Education/docs/Equitable%20Schools%20Newsletter%20Jan-Feb%202009.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121180132/http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/programs/Equity_in_Education/docs/Equitable%20Schools%20Newsletter%20Jan-Feb%202009.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The TDSB actively recruits students from outside of Canada, and attracts students from Kindergarten to Grade 12, charging international students up to $14,000 per year to study in Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/AboutUs/International/docs/TDS088%20Study%20In%20Canada%20jk-12%282panel%29finalsWEBlores.pdf|title = Toronto District School Board|access-date = August 25, 2015|publisher = TDSB}}</ref>
===Trustees===
The TDSB has 22 elected trustees and two student trustees. The chair of the board is Alexander Brown<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto District School Board > Leadership > Trustees > Chair of the Board |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Chair-of-the-Board |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> and its vice-chair is Trixie Doyle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto District School Board > Leadership > Trustees > Vice Chair of the Board |url=https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Vice-Chair-of-the-Board |website=www.tdsb.on.ca |publisher=TDSB |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> Before the 1998 split of the French schools, the MTSB had two French seats in addition to twenty-three English seats.
===Director of Education===
The Current Director of Education is Karen Flaconer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director of Education - Karen Falconer|url=https://tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Director-of-Education|access-date=2021-01-07|website=tdsb.on.ca}}</ref> The former [[Director of Education (Ontario)|Director of Education]] was Dr. Kathy Witherow,<ref name="tdsb.on.ca">{{Cite web|title=Karen Falconer Appointed TDSB Interim Director of Education|url=https://tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1572/Karen-Falconer-Appointed-TDSB-Interim-Director-of-Education-|access-date=2021-01-07|website=Toronto District School Board|language=en-US}}</ref> who was serving on an interim basis since October 10, 2020, replacing Carlene Jackson.
====Former directors====
* Kathy Witherow (2020-2020) now retired<ref name="tdsb.on.ca"/>
* Carlene Jackson (2020-2020) - now Ontario’s comptroller general<ref>{{cite web |title=TDSB's new interim director leaving by mid-October |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/tdsb-s-new-interim-director-leaving-by-mid-october-1.5047342?cache= |website=CP24 |publisher=CP24 |access-date=24 October 2020 |language=en |date=31 July 2020}}</ref>
* John Malloy (2015-2020) – left the TDSB to work as the Superintendent of the [[San Ramon Valley Unified School District]]
* Donna Quan (2013–2015) – was acting in 2013, left to work for [[York University]] (as adjunct professor) and Ministry of Education
* [[Chris Spence (educator)|Chris Spence]] (2009–2013) – resigned due to a [[plagiarism]] scandal and teaching license revoked (2016)
* [[Gerry Connelly (educator)|Gerry Connelly]] (2005–2009) – retired from TDSB and now special advisor on Education Policy for The Learning Partnership and adjunct professor at [[York University]]
* [[David Reid (educator)|David Reid]] (2001–2005) – now with [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]]
* [[Marguerite Jackson (educator)|Marguerite Jackson]] (1998–2001) – now CEO of the [[Education Quality and Accountability Office]]
==Community involvement==
The TDSB's Parent and Community Involvement Policy describes ways in which "parents, the community, students, staff and the Board" are working together.<ref name="auto"/> One option is the Parent Involvement Advisory Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?pageid=3384|title=Toronto District School Board|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
Parents can design and propose a new school in the TDSB. There is a 2-year process for review, approval and opening the school.<ref>{{Cite web | last = Winsa | first = Patti| title = Skateboard academy, dude? Alternative schools gathering considers four new concepts | website = Toronto Star | url = https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2012/11/16/skateboard_academy_dude_alternative_schools_gathering_considers_four_new_concepts.html | date = 16 Nov 2012 | access-date = 31 May 2013 }}</ref>
===Collaboration with Black Lives Matter===
In 2017, the TDSB participated in "Freedom Day" organized by [[Black Lives Matter]], during which students and teachers would "skip a day of school in protest" of "anti-black racism in the educational system". Issues of concern were police patrols of TDSB schools, and the disproportionate number of black students being suspended and being placed into non-academic educational streams.<ref>{{cite news | last = Hong | first = Jackie | date = May 1, 2017 | title = TDSB Director Commits to Anti-Racism Training at Black Lives Matter Walkout | url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/05/01/tdsb-director-commits-to-anti-racism-training-at-black-lives-matter-walkout.html | work = Toronto Star}}</ref>
==Uniforms and dress code==
Beginning in fall 2019, students are now allowed to wear hoodies, [[crop top]]s, and spaghetti straps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2019/06/04/tdsb-revises-dress-code/|title=TDSB revises dress code, allowing crop-tops and spaghetti straps - CityNews Toronto|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5350309/tdsb-school-dress-code-changes-2019/|title=Toronto school board changes student dress code policy, starting this fall|website=Global News}}</ref>
Some of the schools in the TDSB have uniforms in place such as [[East York Collegiate Institute]] and [[R. H. King Academy]].
==Controversies and issues==
===Financial issues===
{{undue weight|section|date=September 2014}}
In 2002, the [[Government of Ontario]] stripped all power and authority from the school board trustees because they failed to balance the board's budget. [[Paul Christie (politician)|Paul Christie]] was appointed by the province to serve as supervisor of the Toronto District School Board, with authority for all financial and administrative functions of the Board. This allowed Christie to supersede the authority of elected school trustees. The provincial government argued that the appointment was necessary, as the TDSB had not submitted a budget to the [[Ontario Minister of Education]] as legally required. Representatives of the TDSB claimed that they could not find the necessary operating expenses for the year, given provincial regulations which prohibited deficit spending. Christie balanced the TDSB's budget through a dramatic spending reduction of $90 million. Under his watch, the TDSB eliminated many secretarial positions, phased out school-community advisors, child and youth counsellors, and attendance counsellors and reduced the number of vice-principals, cut outdoor education and adult education, and re-evaluated the position of social workers in the system. Christie's staff reports were not made public, and some critics argued that there were no adequate checks or balances on his authority.<ref>Trish Worron, "Education democracy an illusion", ''Toronto Star'', 12 July 2003, F6.</ref>
Blackstone Partners carried out a review in 2006.<ref name=2006review>{{cite news|title=TDSB was warned in 2006 about spending problems|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1221725--tdsb-was-warned-in-2007-about-spending-problems|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=July 4, 2012|author=Kevin Donovan|author2=Moira Welsh}}</ref> They submitted a 113-page report in January 2007.<ref name=2006review/> Blackstone Partners were "''asked to determine if the facilities division had "effective governance."''"<ref name=2006review/> The report showed "''high costs of repairs, lots of workers and spotty results, and managerial “silos” that made it hard for principals to figure out whom to approach to get a job done.''"<ref name=2006review/> Blackstone Partners gave 43 recommendations in the report.<ref name=2006review/> The school board claims a few have been carried out and others are in the works.<ref name=2006review/> When surveyed about a wide range of topics, the worst result was the school board’s maintenance and construction division.<ref name=2006review/> Eighty percent of principals didn't believe the maintenance and construction division delivered good value for the money<ref name=2006review/> TDSB director Chris Spence "''To use a football analogy, we are trying to move the yardstick. There is no quick fix.''"<ref name=2006review/> The ''[[Toronto Star]]'' reported that in recent investigation showed little has changed since that review.<ref name=2006review/> A secondary school principal "''raised questions about the $143 cost of installing a pencil sharpener and the $19,000 cost of installing a sign on the school's front lawn.''"<ref name=Principalquestion>{{cite news|last=Donovan|first=Kevin|title=Popular TDSB principal backed by his association|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1215445--popular-tdsb-principal-backed-by-his-association|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Installed product/Service !! Cost !! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| To attach a pencil sharpener with four screws|| $143 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen>{{cite news|title=Toronto schools pay high prices for small jobs|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/article/1214758--toronto-schools-pay-high-prices-for-small-jobs|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=June 21, 2012|author=Moira Welsh|author2=Kevin Donovan}}</ref>
|-
| sign on a [[Sir John A. MacDonald Collegiate Institute|school's front lawn]] || $19,000 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen/>
|-
| Electrical outlet on the wall in a school library || $3,000 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen/>
|-
| "''Breakfast club''" kitchen || $250,000 || <ref name=pencilshapernersignskitchen/>
|-
| Basketball bolt installation || $1,492.13 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated">{{cite news|last1=Donovan|first1=Kevin|title=Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/07/07/cost_of_fixing_tdsb_locks_less_than_originally_estimated.html|access-date=July 10, 2014|date=July 7, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Repairing drinking fountains || $2,703 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|-
| Replacing a [[Green Bin]]|| $664 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|-
| Hanging a picture in the office || $700 || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|-
| Toilet seats || $27 (to purchase)<br/>$500 (to install) || <ref name="Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"/>
|}
In 2007, again due to alleged mismanagement by the trustees, the board will try to submit a budget with a deficit of $84 million.
The school board wants $3.6 million from the Toronto Star before it releases a database.<ref name=Ransom>{{cite news|title=Toronto school board will hand over work order data — for $3.6 million|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1231898--toronto-school-board-will-hand-over-work-order-data-for-3-5-million|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=July 25, 2012|author=Kevin Donovan|author2=Moira Welsh}}</ref> The database shows "''work orders showing what taxpayers have been charged for maintenance and construction projects at local schools.''"<ref name=Ransom/> In June 2012, the Toronto Star asked for "''an electronic copy showing three years of work at the TDSB.''"<ref name=Ransom/> The Toronto Star stated that "''the request was made under the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.''"<ref name=Ransom/>
The Ontario Ministry of Education Froze funding for the school board's buildings project.<ref name=2012financecrisis>{{cite news|title=Toronto school board cost overruns: Province warns supervisor may be sent in to run board|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/education/article/1267163--toronto-school-board-cost-overruns-province-warns-supervisor-may-be-sent-in-to-run-board|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=October 4, 2012|author=Rob Ferguson|author2=Louise Brown}}</ref> The ministry cited the possibility of a $10 million to $11 million cost overrun for the retrofit of Nelson Mandela Park Public School.<ref name=2012financecrisis/> The project was originally priced at $21.7 million.<ref name=2012financecrisis/> Some of the school board's trustees are "''outraged''". [[Laurel Broten]], Ontario's Minister of Education, stated, "''We are not happy they don’t know why''" when talking about the overrun.<ref name=2012financecrisis/> She also stated that a supervisor may be sent in.<ref name=2012financecrisis/>
The Maintenance and Construction Skilled Trades Council gets 0.5% on all outside contracts even though it does not perform the work.<ref name=Outsidecontracts>{{cite news|title=TDSB trades council gets a cut of outside contractors' work|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1216604--tdsb-trades-council-gets-a-cut-of-outside-contractors-work|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=June 25, 2012|author=Kevin Donovan|author2=Moira Welsh}}</ref> Several contractors have stated that "''contractors sometimes inflate their price for school board work to pay Hazel’s group.''"<ref name=Outsidecontracts/> Maintenance and Construction Skilled Trades Council are unable to do all the maintenance and construction work.<ref name=Outsidecontracts/> TDSB spokesperson Shari Schwartz-Maltz said "''the dues are considered a "temporary union membership.''" The TDSB does not charge the trades council rent for its offices on school board property.<ref name=Outsidecontracts/> The school board's trustees want to stop paying the fee.<ref>{{cite news|title=TDSB trustees want to end 0.5 per cent surcharge to union|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1225253--tdsb-trustees-want-to-end-0-5-per-cent-surcharge-to-union|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=July 11, 2012|author=Moira Welsh|author2=Kevin Donovan}}</ref>
Employees of the school board visited bars, bought groceries and filled the gas tanks of their cars using "public money" and while on the job.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hammr|first=Kate|title=TDSB workers used public funds for personal business, manager says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/tdsb-workers-used-public-funds-for-personal-business-manager-says/article6593891/|access-date=December 26, 2012|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=December 20, 2012}}</ref>
===Contract with Trade Council===
A top official from the Toronto District School Board stated that he has concerns about a "controversial contract" between the Trades Council and the Ontario Government and claims that the contract with the trades council is "politically motivated."<ref name=Councilcontract>{{cite news|last=Donovan|first=Kevin|title=TDSB says politics behind Liberal decision to back Jimmy Hazel's trades council|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1310871--tdsb-says-politics-behind-liberal-decision-to-back-jimmy-hazel-s-trades-council|access-date=January 4, 2013|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=January 4, 2013}}</ref> Chris Bolton, the Chairman of the school board, stated that the Trade Council is a "major contributors to the [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberals]]" and even campaigned for the Liberals.<ref name=Councilcontract/> A government spokesperson stated that Education Minister [[Laurel Broten]] decision to retain the Trade Council's services "nothing to do with politics."<ref name=Councilcontract/>
Terms of the contract includes:
*"The TDSB will not be allowed to hire outside workers for some jobs."<ref name=Councilcontract/> The school board won't be allowed to hire outside workers even if it would cost taxpayers less.<ref name=Councilcontract/>
*"The trades council is still allowed to choose all new workers for the publicly funded school board."<ref name=Councilcontract/> The Toronto District School Board, who pays the workers, doesn't have a say on who is hired.<ref name=Councilcontract/>
*A structured shift system will be preserved where the morning and afternoon shifts overlaps.<ref name=Councilcontract/> This requires the school board to maintain extra trucks and vehicles.<ref name=Councilcontract/> The school board has estimated "it could have sold off up to 300 trucks and other vehicles that would not be needed if the afternoon shift started when the morning shift ended."<ref name=Councilcontract/>
===Immigration Act charges===
In 2001, Toronto School Board Trustee Sam Basra was convicted of Immigration Act charges and was forced under the Education Act to resign his seat. He pleaded guilty in August 2001 to selling fake offers of employment to potential immigrants for US$1,500.00 each. This came to light after being tipped by a former employee, police raided Basra's paralegal firm and found 250 false letters of employment. In March 2001 Arjan Singh launched a $15 million lawsuit against Basra alleging that while doing paralegal work, Basra forged documents to make him think his rights case was active more than a year after it was closed. After much infighting among the trustees and inaction from then Chair of the Board [[Donna Cansfield]] to make an appointment to fill the vacant trustee seat left by Basra, a by-election was called for April 2002 costing the board $160,000.00. Stan Nemiroff defeated former [[Mayor]] of [[Etobicoke]] [[Bruce Sinclair (politician)|Bruce Sinclair]] in the by-election to become the new Ward 1 trustee representing Etobicoke North.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trustee Sam Basra Temporarily Withdraws from Board Duties|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/communications/newsrelease/2001/december/dec_14.htm|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=Toronto District School Board|date=December 14, 2001|location=Toronto, ON}}</ref>
===Racial, religious and disability-related issues===
In December 2001, a $70 million class-action lawsuit was filed against the Toronto District School Board on behalf of the parents of [[special needs]] students who were sent home during the boards support workers strike in April 2001. The suit claimed that 27,000 special needs students were discriminated against on the basis of their disabilities because they were sent home during the month-long strike while the schools stayed open for their able-bodied counterparts. The claims were based on the fact that they were not permitted to go to school and missed a month of school while everyone else was able to go. The suit also claimed that the Toronto District School Board should stop treating special needs students as lesser students. The four-week strike, led by 13,000 support workers, ended in early May 2001.<ref>Nicholas Keung and Kristin Rushowy, "Toronto School Board sued for bias," Toronto Star, 8 December 2001, E3.</ref>
On November 14, 2005, the [[Ontario Human Rights Commission]] reached a settlement with the Toronto District School Board following a Commission-initiated complaint against the Board in July 2005. On July 7, 2005, the commission initiated a complaint against the Board in the public interest and on behalf of [[racialized]] students and students with disabilities alleging that the application of the Safe Schools Act and the Board's policies on discipline are having a disproportionate impact on racial minority students and students with disabilities. The complaint alleges that the Board had failed to meet its duty to accommodate racialized students and students with disabilities in the application of discipline, including providing adequate alternative education services for racial minority students and students with disabilities who are suspended or expelled and that the above amounts to a failure on the part of the Board to provide equal access to education services and that it constitutes discrimination and contravenes sections 1, 11 and 9 of the [[Ontario Human Rights Code]]. The TDSB accepts and acknowledges a widespread perception that the application of Ontario's school disciplinary legislation, regulations and policies can have a discriminatory effect on students from racialized communities and students with disabilities and further exacerbate their already disadvantaged position in society.
In 2005, controversy erupted when the TDSB's Board Chair Sheila Ward and Executive Officer of Student and Community Equity, Lloyd McKell, spoke in favour of "Black-focused schools."<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/comment/columnists/article/277427 | work=The Star | location=Toronto | title=Black schools in focus | first=Royson | last=James | date=November 18, 2007 | access-date=May 25, 2010}}</ref> The proposal brought about a media backlash, as many interpreted this as a "Black-only" school. After long and sometimes raucous debate, the proposal for an Afrocentric school was adopted, and registration began.<ref>{{cite news|last=Solomon|first=Galit|title=Africentric school starts to gear up|url=http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/africentric-school-starts-to-gear-up-1.340693|access-date=October 6, 2012|newspaper=CTV|date=November 7, 2008}}</ref> Similar controversy had taken place in the [[North York Board of Education]] in the 1980s, when the board attempted to turn [[Georges Vanier Secondary School]] into a black-only school.
With [[antisemitism|antisemitic incident]]s seldom in the TDSB schools (see [[History of the Jews in Toronto]]), one incident occurred in November 2016 when the walls were sprayed with antisemitic graffiti at David Hornell Junior School in Etobicoke.<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/graffiti-david-hornell-school-1.3853065</ref> The TDSB has encouraged its staff to report such incidents to the police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torontosun.com/2016/11/18/report-any-acts-of-hate-to-police-tdsb|title=Report 'any acts of hate' to police: TDSB|website=torontosun}}</ref> Similarly on April 18, 2018, at [[Northern Secondary School (Toronto)|Northern Secondary School]], the poster of the school's Jewish club were defaced with anti-semitic markings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4154391/toronto-school-anti-semitic-graffiti/|title=Toronto school sends letter to parents after student poster defaced with anti-Semitic graffiti|website=Global News}}</ref>
In December 2017, school administrators at the High Park Alternative Junior School had characterized the song, [[Land of the Silver Birch]], attributed by [[Pauline Johnson]], as [[racist]]. In a letter to parents they said, "While its lyrics are not overtly racist . . . the historical context of the song is racist." Other experts disagreed with this assertion and the music teacher who had the song performed at a school concert sued the administration for defamation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Toronto music teacher sues after principal, VP call folk song racist |first=Ainslie |last=Cruickshank |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/12/07/toronto-music-teacher-sues-for-defamation-after-principal-vp-call-folk-song-land-of-the-silver-birch-racist.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=December 7, 2017}}</ref>
Another case occurred in 2018 when former [[Etobicoke School of the Arts]] principal Peggy Aitchison came under fire following allegations of [[Racism in North America|racial profiling]] after many of the students and parents became outraged after seeing the list — which many now call the "black list" — that Aitchison used the school's yearbook to identify black students.<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/etobicoke-school-black-list-1.4724307</ref> Aitchison had served a similar case during her tenure as principal at [[Forest Hill Collegiate Institute|Forest Hill]] and [[Central Toronto Academy|Central Commerce Collegiates]].<ref>https://byblacks.com/main-menu-mobile/news-mobile/item/1979-community-pushes-back-on-blacklist-principal-in-etobicoke</ref> However, in May 2019, the TDSB placed two administrators of Glenview Senior Public School on leave following accusations of racist bullying involving two pupils in which a white boy allegedly punched a black girl in the face two months prior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/05/14/school-administrators-on-leave-as-tdsb-investigates-allegations-of-racist-bullying.html|title=School administrators on leave as TDSB investigates allegations of racist bullying|date=May 14, 2019|website=thestar.com}}</ref>
==="Explicit" sex-ed brochures===
Wade Vroom,<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures">{{cite news|last=Yuen|first=Jenny|title=TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/28/tdsb-teacher-back-in-class-after-posting-explicit-brochures|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> an "occasional teacher" at Delta alternative school, "pinned up brochures meant to advise gay bar and bath house patrons on safe sex procedures"<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom">{{cite news|last=Artuso|first=Antonella|title='Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired' over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/07/someone-at-the-tdsb-ought-to-be-fired-over-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-classroom|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> in a grade seven and eight classroom.<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/> [[Liz Sandals]], the minister for education, stated that it was "totally inappropriate."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> Sandals also stated, "clearly, from what was described in the media, the materials that were being used are totally inappropriate and are in no way connected to the Ontario health and phys ed curriculum" and "I’m relieved that Toronto District School Board (TDSB) has gotten rid of the material and that the teacher is no longer in the classroom."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> He had been "ordered to work from home pending an investigation."<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/> Sandals called it a "one off."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> Sandals stated how this type of material would not be included in the new Ontario curriculum.<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> [[Lisa MacLeod]], the critic for education from the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservative Party]], stated "parents have not asked for this type of sexually explicit information to be made available to their children.<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> The fact that an Ontario teacher felt comfortable enough to post it speaks to the cozy relationship the Liberal government has with their unions."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> MacLeod feels that the Toronto District School Board is "clearly out of control when it comes to this."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> She also stated that "this is not the first time something like has occurred there - and I think the government really has to put their foot down and make it known that that type of material is unacceptable."<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> A spokesman for the school board claimed that the teacher had "good intentions."<ref>{{cite news|last=Davidson|first=Terry|title=TDSB teacher posts explicit sex-ed brochures in Grade 7-8 class|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/06/tdsb-teacher-posts-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-grade-7-8-class|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> MacLeod criticized the spokesman and thinks that the school board should fire someone for the material being posted.<ref name="Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"/> The AIDS Committee of Toronto, who published one of the brochures, stated that the intended material published by them was for adults.<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/> The Toronto Sun asked in an article, "if the teacher now being paid to be at home, or any adult, were to pass out this material in a park, would the police not be called?"<ref name="TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom">{{cite news|last=Warmington|first=Joe|title=TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/08/tdsb-should-contact-police-about-sexual-brochures-in-classroom|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 8, 2013}}</ref> and when is the TDSB going to notify police about a brochure teaching children?"safer sucking tips?"<ref name="TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom"/> A spokesman for the board stated, "At this time, police have not been notified."<ref name="TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom"/> [[Toronto Police Service]] investigated the brochures<ref>{{cite news|last=Yuen|first=Jenny|title=Police investigating sex brochures at Toronto school|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/29/police-investigating-sex-brochures-at-toronto-school|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=May 29, 2014}}</ref> and decided that no charges would be pressed against Vroom because it "didn't meet Criminal Code criteria to lay charges for exposing children to obscene material or corrupting the morals of children."<ref>{{cite news|last=Davidson|first=Terry|title=No charges for sex brochures in Toronto school|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/06/07/no-charges-for-sex-brochures-in-toronto-school|access-date=April 1, 2014|newspaper=Toronto Sun|date=June 7, 2014}}</ref> Vroom was later reinstated after the issue had been "resolved."<ref name="TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"/>
===School violence===
A number of violent encounters and tragedies have sparked growing concern, raising doubts on the ability of the TDSB to provide a safe educational environment. Stakeholders believe that the TDSB is failing on their promise of a harmonious learning environment for Toronto's youth. The Toronto District School Board location is known for having a high rate of violence among youths. The year 2013 saw the highest number of youths killed by guns in the district of Toronto including 7 teens who were 16 years old at the time of the incidents. Media statistics have estimated that Toronto's shooting victims, all males in 2013, have gotten younger. Their average age is estimated to be around 22 years old, down from 26 years old in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/vitalsigns/2014/10/07/vital_signs_report_toronto_foundation_how_is_the_city_doing.html|title=Vital Signs Report, Toronto Foundation: How is the city doing? {{!}} Toronto Star|website=thestar.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
====Past incidents====
One of the incidents prior to amalgamation of the boards saw a wave of violence by October 1994. At first an ambush involving black and white students occurred at [[Brockton High School (Toronto)|Brockton High School]]. Minutes after the attack occurred, another student had been beaten and stabbed. Afterwards police discovered a cache of weapons in a gym bag. At least four students received criminal charges.<ref name=Duffyhistory>Duffy, Andrew. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/437099889.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=Andrew%20Duffy%20TORONTO%20STAR&pub=Toronto%20Star&edition=&startpage=&desc=See%20related%20stories%20on%20page%20A1%20and%20A6%20West-end%20high%20school%20had%20history%20of%20violence,%20gangs See related stories on page A1 and A6 West-end high school had history of violence, gangs]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. October 21, 1994. Retrieved on September 28, 2013. "Barry Stroud was principal of Brockton for four years until leaving in February to take over the Boyne River Natural Science School in Shelburne. (The school is operated by the Toronto board.)"; "The 17- year-old was stabbed, cut and bruised in the afternoon ambush that involved black and white students, police said. Another Brockton student was beaten and stabbed just minutes later. Police seized a gym bag full of weapons after the attack and at least four Brockton students were charged.", and "Brockton, built in the late 1960s as a vocational school, is slated to close in June because of declining enrolment." and "STAR COLOR PHOTO (Welsh): EMERGENCY TREATMENT: Brockton High School guidance counsellor [Ron Dagilis] is wheeled into Sunnybrook Health Science Centre after being shot in his office yesterday. MAP: Dufferin St. area - Brockton High School location STAR CHART AND DRAWING (Alfred Elicierto): What happened at Brockton High CHART (ONT edition): Crime in schools - list of 1993 incidents and number of reported offences 1990, 1993 " and "1990, 1993 Note Shocked and saddened Toronto school board officials struggled" and "It will re- open in the fall as Ursula Franklin Academy, described by board"</ref> On Thursday October 20<!--Oct 21 is a Friday-->, 1994, a guidance counselor and an assistant principal were shot in their offices.<ref name=shotinoffices>"[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/275339891.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=&pub=Waterloo%20Region%20Record&edition=&startpage=&desc=2%20Toronto%20teachers%20shot%20in%20offices 2 Toronto teachers shot in offices]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. October 21, 1994. Front p. A1. Retrieved on September 28, 2013.</ref> They received chest, leg, and shoulder wounds but remained alive.<ref>Duncanson, John, Phinjo Gombu, and Joseph Hall. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/437101099.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=John%20Duncanson,%20Phinjo%20Gombu%20and%20Joseph%20Hall%20TORONTO%20STAR&pub=Toronto%20Star&edition=&startpage=&desc=Two%20teachers%20shot%20at%20high%20school Two teachers shot at high school]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. October 21, 1994. News p. A1. Retrieved on September 30, 2013.</ref> A 27<!--NOT a typo! He was 27 years old-->-year-old student was charged with attempted murder.<ref name=shotinoffices/>
The first incidents of violence directly affecting a TDSB secondary school occurred in 2007, when Jordan Manners, a 15-year-old student, was shot and killed in the hallway of C.W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cp24.com/a-look-back-at-the-murder-of-jordan-manners-1.646294|title=A look back at the murder of Jordan Manners|website=Cp24.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> It has been 10 years since the incident and the situation has not improved. After the highly publicized death of Manners, the safety and security of TDSB schools was scrutinized and questioned.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/response-to-school-safety-report-lukewarm/article17986414/|title=Response to school safety report lukewarm|website=Theglobeandmail.com|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> Prior to the Jordan Manners’ shooting, 81% of CW Jefferys reported feeling safe at schools after the shooting this dropped 37 percentage points to 44%.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.falconerschoolsafetyreport.com/pdf/executive_summary.pdf|title=THE ROAD TO HEALTH: A FINAL REPORT ON SCHOOL SAFETY|website=Falconerschoolsafetyreport.com|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref> A panel was set up after the Jordan Manners shooting to address the issue of school safety.<ref name=":1" /> However, The TDSB has been accused of, "failing to take immediate steps, there are areas where they have chosen not to follow the panel's recommendations.".<ref name=":0" />
A similar incident also took place on September 16, 2008, when a 16-year-old boy was shot in the chest in the parking lot of [[Bendale Business and Technical Institute]] following an altercation involving several people. The victim was subsequently hospitalized in critical condition. The next day, [[Toronto Police]] announced it had made two arrests in the case; 18-year-old Mark Deicsics, was charged with armed robbery.<ref name=Bendaleshooting>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2010/10/06/tor-central-tech-shooting-charges.htmll|title=Teen shot, injured at Canadian high school
|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=September 16, 2008|access-date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> The incident prompted authorities to lock down not only Bendale, but three other nearby schools ([[David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute]]) for almost three hours.<ref name=Bendaleshooting /><ref>[http://www.citynews.ca/2008/09/17/wounded-teen-one-of-two-arrested-in-bendale-school-shooting/ Wounded Teen One Of Two Arrested In Bendale School Shooting] - ''[[CityNews]].ca'', September 17, 2008 - Retrieved August 16, 2013.</ref>
In September 2009, a Grade 11 student was stabbed during lunch hour at [[Bloor Collegiate Institute]].<ref name="Bloorstabbing">{{cite news|last=Ferenc|first=Leslie|title=Bloor Collegiate student stabbed|url=https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/695444|access-date=December 1, 2014|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|date=September 14, 2009}}</ref> Katherine Evans, the principal of the school, stated that this was the first stabbing at the school that she's aware of.<ref name="Bloorstabbing"/> For about two hours, the school was in "secure mode" where nobody was allowed in or out of the building.<ref name="Bloorstabbing"/> However, the school wasn't in lockdown as students were allowed to move around the school.<ref name="Bloorstabbing"/>
On September 23, 2014, another outbreak of violence occurred when Hammid Aminzada, a 19-year-old [[North Albion Collegiate Institute]] student, was fatally stabbed on school grounds after attempting to break up a fight between two students.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tdsb-creates-new-safety-panel-in-wake-of-hamid-aminzada-s-stabbing-death-1.2806241|title=Stabbing death of Toronto student prompts new school safety panel|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> The TDSB director of education Donna Quan announced that the board would "soon begin an independent review into the facts surrounding the events leading to and following the death of Hamid and to determine if more can be done to prevent such deaths and to improve support and engagement of students and families".<ref name=":2" /> As a response, the TDSB sent out a press release on October 20, 2014, it listed and reviewed the facts surrounding the events leading up to and after the reported incident. In it they stated they would appoint a steering team to examine the circumstances pertaining to the occurrence and assess both the system and crisis response procedures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1338685/terms-of-reference.pdf|title=DEATH OF HAMID AMINZADA SCHOOL SAFETY AND THE ENGAGEMENT OF A STEERING TEAM : TERMS OF REFERENCE|website=S3.amazonaws.com|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref>
====Past violence-prevention initiatives====
In the late 1990s The Tory Government implemented a deliberate strategy to eliminate violence and illegal behavior on school grounds. This effort has been referred to as “Safe Schools Culture” which had a destructive effect on disenfranchised youth, especially African-Canadian. This approach lead to mass suspensions and other forms of conventional discipline that did not take into account the complex needs of the youth. The zero tolerance philosophy lead to abundant suspensions and expulsions under a “one size fits all” mentality. The culture tended toward pushing youths out of schools without essential support systems.<ref name=":1"/>
====Current violence-prevention initiatives====
Today, steps against the violence in schools have led to the implementation of the School's Community Safety Advisory Panel following any major incident of violence on school grounds. The panel is responsible for conducting an independent review into the facts surrounding the events leading to and following the particular incident.<ref name=":2"/> "The reviews will assist us in understanding the circumstances around this tragic incident to ensure that we continue moving the gains we’ve made in creating safe and caring school environments out to our school communities".<ref name=":2"/> Additionally, every second year the Toronto District School Board conducts a School Climate Survey within their schools to gain direct results and understanding from students, school staff and parents about the overall school climate. These surveys are used to make informed planning decisions about programs to help prevent bullying and promote a safe and inclusive school environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/HighSchool/CaringSafeSchools.aspx|title=Caring & Safe Schools|last=Board|first=Toronto District School|website=Tdsb.on.ca|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref>
===School mosque===
In 2011, it was revealed that a TDSB school, Valley Park Middle School, had been holding Muslim prayer services for students in its cafeteria during school hours. The prayer services lasted 30 to 40 minutes, and were led by an imam from a nearby mosque, though later this was changed to a student-led format to stem criticisms.<ref name="Morrow">{{cite web | last = Morrow | first = Adrian | title = Hindu Group Criticizes Toronto School's Muslim Prayer Sessions | publisher = The Globe and Mail | date = July 4, 2011 | url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/hindu-group-criticizes-toronto-schools-muslim-prayer-sessions/article585556/}}</ref>
School administration prepared the cafeteria space, and non-Muslim students attended classes during the prayer sessions.<ref name="Sun">{{cite web | title = Islamic Students Pray at Public School | publisher = Toronto Sun | date = July 3, 2011 | url = http://www.torontosun.com/2011/07/03/public-school-used-for-islamic-prayer-services}}</ref> During the prayers, boys and girls were separated by benches, with girls placed behind the boys. Menstruating girls did not participate, but could observe from the back row.<ref name="Dwivedi">{{cite web | last = Dwivedi | first = Supriya | title = Valley Park Middle School or Valley Park Muslim School? | publisher = Huffington Post | date = July 25, 2011 | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/supriya-dwivedi/valley-park-middle-school_b_907253.html}}</ref> ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' commented:
<blockquote>This school is allowing children to skip class so that they can pray during school hours in a secular public school system, all the while instilling the misconceived notion that menstruating girls are somehow unclean and should be pushed to the back of the figurative bus, which in this case is represented by the cafeteria turned makeshift mosque.<ref name="Dwivedi"/></blockquote>
TDSB's Executive Superintendent of Equity and Engagement, Jim Spryopoulos noted, “we have the duty to accommodate", in keeping with the Toronto District School Board's Religious Accommodation policy.
Anti-Muslim groups like Canadian Hindu Advocacy group seized on the controversy and clouded what many saw as a clear issue of separation of church and state:<blockquote>In fact, it’s becoming increasingly clear that some of the most strident opponents of the cafeteria congregation are as morally deficient as the congregation system itself. But most Canadian publications haven’t noticed. Take the Canadian Hindu Advocacy, an interest group that’s been Valley Park Middle School’s most passionate opponent. Nearly every newspaper article on the topic, from those in the ''Toronto Star'' to the ''Toronto Sun'', has called The Canadian Hindu Advocacy a mere “critic of Islam”. Closer investigation, though, (or any at all) makes clear that the CHA is no critic, but one, a vehemently anti-Islamic organization; and two, despite its name, an embarrassment to Canadian pluralism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/opposing-prayer-in-toronto-public-schools-with-dignity/|title=Opposing prayer in Toronto public schools, with dignity|last=Teitel|first=Emma|date=July 27, 2011|website=Maclean's|access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref></blockquote>
===Culture of fear===
In 2014, the Province of Ontario appointed Margaret Wilson to lead an independent review of operational issues at the TDSB. Wilson conducted over sixty interviews, and reviewed documents, letters, and hundreds of emails. Her conclusion was that a "climate of fear" existed within the TDSB.<ref name="Review">{{cite web | last = Wilson | first = Margaret | title = Review of the Toronto District School Board | publisher = Ontario Ministry of Education | date = January 15, 2015 | url = http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/new/2015/TDSBReview2015.pdf}}</ref> Wilson wrote:
<blockquote>I saw little recognition among experienced trustees that they might be responsible for at least some of the 'climate of fear'...nor did I see any recognition among very senior staff that they too had a part in creating that climate.<ref name="Review"/></blockquote>
Wilson stated that many employees believed their phones and computers were being monitored.<ref name="Review"/>
Wilson submitted ten recommendations to [[Liz Sandals]], the [[Ministry of Education (Ontario)|Minister of Education]].<ref name="Review"/> Sandals commented about the report: "The culture of fear, which may have started at the upper levels of the board, is getting dangerously close to the classroom...we have to stop that."<ref>{{cite web | last = Howlett | first = Karen | title = Minister Describes TDSB Problems as Threat to Students, 'Culture of Fear' | publisher = Globe and Mail | date = January 16, 2015 | url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/minister-describes-tdsb-problems-as-threat-to-students-culture-of-fear/article22484218/}}</ref>
In April 2015—three months after the release of the Wilson Report—it was revealed that the TDSB had placed a covert camera inside a clock located in the office of a TDSB principal. About the incident, Wilson commented "It did strike me as part of the whole climate at the board". Following that revelation, TDSB Director Donna Quan issued a statement assuring "there are currently no hidden cameras in any office of a principal/vice-principal employed by the TDSB."<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Kristin | first1 = Rushowy | last2 = Andrew-Gee | first2 = Eric | title = Toronto School Board Hid Camera in Principal's Office | publisher = Toronto Star | date = April 10, 2015 | url = https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2015/04/10/toronto-school-board-hid-camera-in-principals-office.html}}</ref>
The TDSB held no public inquiry into the culture of fear, and offered no compensation to those affected. In 2016, the former director John Malloy said:
<blockquote>Everyone who meets me wants to talk about the culture of fear and I understand that, fine, but what I have to be talking about or I won’t be effective in this role, is what we can do to move forward.<ref>{{cite web | last = Brown | first = Louise | title = For New Head of Troubled TDSB, It's All About Moving Forward | publisher = Toronto Star | date = February 12, 2016 | url = https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2016/02/12/for-new-head-of-troubled-tdsb-its-all-about-moving-forward.html}}</ref></blockquote>
===Removing the word "chief" from job titles===
In 2017, it was reported that the TDSB was ending the use of the word "chief" in job titles out of respect for Indigenous communities. The decision was inspired by the final report of Canada's [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]], though the final report "did not explicitly call for the removal of titles such as chief from non-Indigenous applications".<ref>{{cite news | last = Boisvert | first = Nick | date = October 11, 2017 | title = Toronto District School Board to Remove 'Chief' From Job Titles Out of Respect for Indigenous Communities | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tdsb-chief-titles-1.4350079 | work = CBC News}}</ref> [[Marcus Gee]] commented in ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'': "The idea was so ridiculous that it had to be in jest... It does nothing for the Indigenous community. It does nothing for the cause of Indigenous rights. In fact, by making something out of nothing, it discredits that cause, tainting it with the scent of wild-eyed zealotry."<ref>{{cite news | last = Gee | first = Marcus | date = October 13, 2017 | title = What Exactly is the Toronto District School Board's 'Chief' Problem? | url = https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/what-exactly-is-the-toronto-district-school-boards-chief-problem/article36589003/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com& | work = The Globe and Mail}}</ref>
===Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic===
{{further|COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto|COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario}}
As the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] began to spread across the globe, concerns in the TDSB had begun to halt the spread of such [[Coronavirus disease 2019|contagious disease]]. On March 4, a student from Whitney Junior Public School has been exposed to the disease.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/students-at-toronto-elementary-school-may-have-been-exposed-to-covid-19-1.4844658|title=Students at Toronto elementary school may have been exposed to COVID-19|first=Chris|last=Fox|website=ctvnews}}</ref> Following the [[World Health Organization]]'s declaration of the COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, Ontario premier [[Doug Ford]] announced all schools in the TDSB to be closed on March 14 until April 6 (this has been extended several times until May).<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5495075</ref> Subsequently, Ontario declared a [[state of emergency]] on March 17.
With cases began to gradually decline, the Ministry of Education announced a reopening plan for all the school boards including the TDSB with strict health protocols in place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torontosun.com/news/provincial/ford-govt-punts-school-reopenings-to-local-boards|title=Ford gov't punts school reopenings to local boards|website=torontosun}}</ref> On June 18, the TDSB announced the report cards to all secondary students will be received in July.<ref>https://www.cp24.com/mobile/news/tdsb-to-issue-report-cards-electronically-but-parents-of-secondary-students-will-have-to-wait-to-july-1.4989730</ref>
On July 30, the province educational ministry released an reopening plan.<ref>https://www.tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1499/Ministry-of-Education-Announces-School-Reopening-Plans</ref> In the plan released by the TDSB on August 4, the board intends to have class cohorts of approximately 15 students for high schools with either alternate days or alternate schedules in a quadmester format. Elementary students would be attending school five days a week with 300 instructional minutes, for students in kindergarten to Grade 8, they will be expected to attend class five days a week but will be placed in one cohort for the entire day, which includes recess and lunch. All staff and students are expected to conduct a self-assessment for COVID-19 symptoms before coming to school. Once they arrive at school, a second screening will be conducted. Masks are mandatory per the City by-law imposed in July. [[Virtual learning]] also remains an option for students.<ref>https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/04/tdsb-new-plan-school-reopening/</ref> However, 80 of the elementary schools (mostly in northwest Toronto) are identified by the Toronto Public Health to be at risk with COVID-19, which caused the TDSB to consider reducing class sizes in those said schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7286194/tdsb-plan-cut-class-sizes-neighbourhoods-risk-coronavirus/|title=New TDSB plan cuts class sizes in neighbourhoods with highest risk of COVID-19|website=Global News}}</ref><ref>https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/docs/Schools%20in%20the%20Highest-Risk%20Neighbourhoods%20for%20COVID-19%20Identified%20by%20To___.pdf</ref>
===School staff allegations of sexual abuse===
Between 2014 and 2018, two teachers of [[Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts]] Adam Coysh and John Kraft were accused sexual exploitation of several female students.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4141357/wexford-collegiate-toronto-teacher-charged/ |title=Toronto teacher charged in alleged sexual assault incidents at east-end high school |last=Westoll |first=Nick |date=April 12, 2018 |website=[[Global News]] |language=en}}</ref>
By 2020, former TDSB teacher David Stanford charged with indecent assault on a male, indecency and buggery dating back to 1973 and 1983 involving pupils aged nine and 18 years old. Stanford recently worked at Williamson Road Junior Public School prior to retirement.<ref> https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/retired-tdsb-teacher-accused-of-historical-sex-assault</ref>
==Schools==
{{main|List of schools in the Toronto District School Board}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|Schools}}
*[[Toronto Catholic District School Board]], the English-language Catholic school board that also operates in Toronto
*[[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]], the French-language school board that also operates in Toronto
*[[Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud]], the French-language Catholic school board in Toronto
*[[List of school districts in Ontario]]
{{Clear}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*MacLellan, Duncan ([[Ryerson University]] Department of Politics and Public Administration). "[http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf The Fewer Schools Boards Act and the Toronto District School Board: Educational Restructuring 1997- 2003]." (working paper) ([https://www.webcitation.org/6IMVa7msm?url=http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf Archive]) - Presented to the annual meeting of the [[Canadian Political Science Association]], [[University of Saskatchewan]], [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], June 1, 2007.
*Rushowy, Kristin. "[https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/01/10/tdsbs_chris_spence_resigns_amid_growing_plagiarism_scandal.html TDSB’s Chris Spence resigns amid growing plagiarism scandal]." ''[[Toronto Star]]''. Thursday January 10, 2013.
==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}
*[http://www.tdsb.on.ca/ Toronto District School Board official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.tbe.toronto.on.ca/ Toronto Board of Education] (Archive)
{{Toronto Government}}
{{Toronto}}
{{Metro Toronto Government}}
[[Category:Toronto District School Board| ]]
[[Category:School districts established in 1953]]
[[Category:Education in Toronto]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in Ontario]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -309,4 +309,9 @@
On July 30, the province educational ministry released an reopening plan.<ref>https://www.tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1499/Ministry-of-Education-Announces-School-Reopening-Plans</ref> In the plan released by the TDSB on August 4, the board intends to have class cohorts of approximately 15 students for high schools with either alternate days or alternate schedules in a quadmester format. Elementary students would be attending school five days a week with 300 instructional minutes, for students in kindergarten to Grade 8, they will be expected to attend class five days a week but will be placed in one cohort for the entire day, which includes recess and lunch. All staff and students are expected to conduct a self-assessment for COVID-19 symptoms before coming to school. Once they arrive at school, a second screening will be conducted. Masks are mandatory per the City by-law imposed in July. [[Virtual learning]] also remains an option for students.<ref>https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/04/tdsb-new-plan-school-reopening/</ref> However, 80 of the elementary schools (mostly in northwest Toronto) are identified by the Toronto Public Health to be at risk with COVID-19, which caused the TDSB to consider reducing class sizes in those said schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7286194/tdsb-plan-cut-class-sizes-neighbourhoods-risk-coronavirus/|title=New TDSB plan cuts class sizes in neighbourhoods with highest risk of COVID-19|website=Global News}}</ref><ref>https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/docs/Schools%20in%20the%20Highest-Risk%20Neighbourhoods%20for%20COVID-19%20Identified%20by%20To___.pdf</ref>
+
+===School staff allegations of sexual abuse===
+Between 2014 and 2018, two teachers of [[Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts]] Adam Coysh and John Kraft were accused sexual exploitation of several female students.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4141357/wexford-collegiate-toronto-teacher-charged/ |title=Toronto teacher charged in alleged sexual assault incidents at east-end high school |last=Westoll |first=Nick |date=April 12, 2018 |website=[[Global News]] |language=en}}</ref>
+
+By 2020, former TDSB teacher David Stanford charged with indecent assault on a male, indecency and buggery dating back to 1973 and 1983 involving pupils aged nine and 18 years old. Stanford recently worked at Williamson Road Junior Public School prior to retirement.<ref> https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/retired-tdsb-teacher-accused-of-historical-sex-assault</ref>
==Schools==
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4 => 'By 2020, former TDSB teacher David Stanford charged with indecent assault on a male, indecency and buggery dating back to 1973 and 1983 involving pupils aged nine and 18 years old. Stanford recently worked at Williamson Road Junior Public School prior to retirement.<ref> https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/retired-tdsb-teacher-accused-of-historical-sex-assault</ref>'
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103 => 'http://www.citynews.ca/2008/09/17/wounded-teen-one-of-two-arrested-in-bendale-school-shooting/',
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109 => 'http://www.torontosun.com/2011/07/03/public-school-used-for-islamic-prayer-services',
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111 => 'https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/opposing-prayer-in-toronto-public-schools-with-dignity/',
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124 => 'http://www.metropolicyarchive.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/HSS-1146450-1960D_MSBT-Minutes-1960.pdf',
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146 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/6IMVa7msm?url=http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf',
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120 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Director-of-Education/Senior-Team/School-Superintendents',
121 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5239',
122 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5210',
123 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/High-School/TDSB-Student-Senate',
124 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Chair-of-the-Board',
125 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Vice-Chair-of-the-Board',
126 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1499/Ministry-of-Education-Announces-School-Reopening-Plans',
127 => 'https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/docs/Schools%20in%20the%20Highest-Risk%20Neighbourhoods%20for%20COVID-19%20Identified%20by%20To___.pdf',
128 => 'https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/george-anthony-barber',
129 => 'https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article//james-laughlin-hughes',
130 => 'https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/response-to-school-safety-report-lukewarm/article17986414/',
131 => 'https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/tdsb-workers-used-public-funds-for-personal-business-manager-says/article6593891/',
132 => 'https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/hindu-group-criticizes-toronto-schools-muslim-prayer-sessions/article585556/',
133 => 'https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/minister-describes-tdsb-problems-as-threat-to-students-culture-of-fear/article22484218/',
134 => 'https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/695444',
135 => 'https://www.thestar.com/comment/columnists/article/277427',
136 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/01/01/amalgamation_10_years_later.html',
137 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/article/1214758--toronto-schools-pay-high-prices-for-small-jobs',
138 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1221725--tdsb-was-warned-in-2007-about-spending-problems',
139 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1215445--popular-tdsb-principal-backed-by-his-association',
140 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1225253--tdsb-trustees-want-to-end-0-5-per-cent-surcharge-to-union',
141 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1310871--tdsb-says-politics-behind-liberal-decision-to-back-jimmy-hazel-s-trades-council',
142 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/01/10/tdsbs_chris_spence_resigns_amid_growing_plagiarism_scandal.html',
143 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/07/07/cost_of_fixing_tdsb_locks_less_than_originally_estimated.html',
144 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/05/01/tdsb-director-commits-to-anti-racism-training-at-black-lives-matter-walkout.html',
145 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/12/07/toronto-music-teacher-sues-for-defamation-after-principal-vp-call-folk-song-land-of-the-silver-birch-racist.html',
146 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/05/14/school-administrators-on-leave-as-tdsb-investigates-allegations-of-racist-bullying.html',
147 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1231898--toronto-school-board-will-hand-over-work-order-data-for-3-5-million',
148 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1216604--tdsb-trades-council-gets-a-cut-of-outside-contractors-work',
149 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/education/article/1267163--toronto-school-board-cost-overruns-province-warns-supervisor-may-be-sent-in-to-run-board',
150 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/vitalsigns/2014/10/07/vital_signs_report_toronto_foundation_how_is_the_city_doing.html',
151 => 'https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2016/02/12/for-new-head-of-troubled-tdsb-its-all-about-moving-forward.html',
152 => 'https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2012/11/16/skateboard_academy_dude_alternative_schools_gathering_considers_four_new_concepts.html',
153 => 'https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2015/04/10/toronto-school-board-hid-camera-in-principals-office.html',
154 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/5x65QAi2j',
155 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/6IMVa7msm?url=http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf',
156 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/6VyeQJSmw?url=http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/abcs/rcom/full/volume4/chapter17.pdf'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html ) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Catholic public schools in Toronto, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a>. For French language public schools in Toronto, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a>.</div>
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The <b>Toronto District School Board</b> (<b>TDSB</b>), formerly known as <b>English-language Public District School Board No. 12</b> prior to 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a>-language <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secular_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular school">public-secular</a> school board for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada. The minority public-secular francophone (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a>), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">public-separate</a> anglophone (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a>), and public-separate francophone (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_catholique_MonAvenir" title="Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir">Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir</a>) communities of Toronto also have their own publicly funded school boards and schools that operate in the same area, but which are independent of the TDSB. Its headquarters are in the district of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_York" title="North York">North York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></p><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Toronto District School Board<hr /><span style="font-size:85%;">formerly known as the</span><br /><span class="nowrap">Metropolitan Toronto School Board</span><sup id="cite_ref-MTSB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTSB-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Toronto_District_School_Board_Logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="Toronto District School Board Logo.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/Toronto_District_School_Board_Logo.svg/150px-Toronto_District_School_Board_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="138" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/Toronto_District_School_Board_Logo.svg/225px-Toronto_District_School_Board_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/Toronto_District_School_Board_Logo.svg/300px-Toronto_District_School_Board_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="99" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox-title" style="text-align:center;background-color:lavender">Location</th></tr><tr class="adr"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="street-address">5050 Yonge Street<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_York" title="North York">North York</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, M2N 5N8</span><br /><span class="country-name"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:lavender">District information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Established</th><td>January 20, 1953 (MTSB)<hr />January 1, 1998 (current form)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Superintendents</th><td>22<br /> + 4 associate directors<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Schools</th><td>473 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary schools</a><br />110 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">secondary schools</a><br />5 adult education schools<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-6">[6]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Budget</th><td>~CA$3.4 billion (2019–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">District ID</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/sbinfo/boardList.html#74">B66052</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:lavender">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Chair of the Board</th><td>Alexander Brown<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Director of Education</th><td>Interm Director - Karen Flaconer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Elected trustees</th><td>22</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Student trustees</th><td>Firdaus Shallo, Mays Abusaifan<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Website</th><td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tdsb.on.ca">tdsb<wbr />.on<wbr />.ca</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:TorontoDistrictSchoolBoardEducationCentre_-_2015May30.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/TorontoDistrictSchoolBoardEducationCentre_-_2015May30.jpg/300px-TorontoDistrictSchoolBoardEducationCentre_-_2015May30.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:TorontoDistrictSchoolBoardEducationCentre_-_2015May30.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Toronto District School Board Education Centre, located at 5050 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yonge_Street" title="Yonge Street">Yonge Street</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_York" title="North York">North York</a>, is the headquarters of the Toronto District School Board, formerly the headquarters of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_York_Board_of_Education" title="North York Board of Education">North York Board of Education</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The TDSB was founded on January 20, 1953 as the <b>Metropolitan Toronto School Board</b> (<b>MTSB</b>) as a "super-ordinate umbrella board" to coordinate activities and to apportion tax revenues equitably across the six anglophone and later a francophone school boards within <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Toronto">Metro Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MTSB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTSB-3">[3]</a></sup> The MTSB was reorganized and replaced on January 1, 1998 when the six anglophone metro school boards and MTSB merged to form the Toronto District School Board. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_des_%C3%A9coles_fran%C3%A7aises_de_la_communaut%C3%A9_urbaine_de_Toronto" title="Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto">francophone school board</a> of MTSB was amalgamated with several other Francophone school boards in the region to form Conseil scolaire Viamonde.
</p><p>Today, the TDSB is Canada's largest school board and the fourth largest school board in North America.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_history"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early history</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#The_Toronto_Public_School_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">The Toronto Public School Board</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Schools_of_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Schools of the Toronto Public School Board</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Members_of_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Members of the Toronto Public School Board</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notable_Figures_of_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Notable Figures of the Toronto Public School Board</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Characteristics_of_Schooling_in_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Characteristics of Schooling in the Toronto Public School Board</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#TPSB_Industrial_Schools"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">TPSB Industrial Schools</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-9"><a href="#Victoria_Industrial_School_for_Boys"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Victoria Industrial School for Boys</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-10"><a href="#Alexandra_School_for_Girls"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Alexandra School for Girls</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#The_Toronto_Collegiate_Institute_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">The Toronto Collegiate Institute Board</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#The_Toronto_Technical_School_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">The Toronto Technical School Board</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#The_Toronto_Board_of_Education"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">The Toronto Board of Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Metropolitan_Toronto_School_Board_and_the_Toronto_District_School_Board"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Metropolitan Toronto School Board and the Toronto District School Board</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Organization"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Organization</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Trustees"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Trustees</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Director_of_Education"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Director of Education</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Former_directors"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Former directors</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Community_involvement"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Community involvement</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Collaboration_with_Black_Lives_Matter"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Collaboration with Black Lives Matter</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Uniforms_and_dress_code"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Uniforms and dress code</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Controversies_and_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Controversies and issues</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Financial_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Financial issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Contract_with_Trade_Council"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Contract with Trade Council</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Immigration_Act_charges"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Immigration Act charges</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Racial,_religious_and_disability-related_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Racial, religious and disability-related issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#"Explicit"_sex-ed_brochures"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">"Explicit" sex-ed brochures</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#School_violence"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">School violence</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Past_incidents"><span class="tocnumber">5.6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Past incidents</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Past_violence-prevention_initiatives"><span class="tocnumber">5.6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Past violence-prevention initiatives</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Current_violence-prevention_initiatives"><span class="tocnumber">5.6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Current violence-prevention initiatives</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#School_mosque"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">School mosque</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Culture_of_fear"><span class="tocnumber">5.8</span> <span class="toctext">Culture of fear</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Removing_the_word_"chief"_from_job_titles"><span class="tocnumber">5.9</span> <span class="toctext">Removing the word "chief" from job titles</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic"><span class="tocnumber">5.10</span> <span class="toctext">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#School_staff_allegations_of_sexual_abuse"><span class="tocnumber">5.11</span> <span class="toctext">School staff allegations of sexual abuse</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Schools"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Schools</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_history">Early history</span></h3>
<p>The earliest schools in Toronto were in private homes, often run by members of the clergy. Public funding for schools began with the establishment of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jarvis_Collegiate_Institute" title="Jarvis Collegiate Institute">Home District Grammar School</a>. Notably, it was not governed by an elected school board. Voting for the city's first elected school board took place in 1816 following the passage of the Common School Act. The board, as per the regulations of the act, had three members: Eli Playter, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_David_Morrison" title="Thomas David Morrison">Dr. Thomas D. Morrison</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesse_Ketchum" title="Jesse Ketchum">Jesse Ketchum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> The board governed the Common School at York which was located on the same grounds as the Grammar School. However, this lasted only four years before the school and its associated school board were shut down in favour of the creation of the Central School which was placed under the control of an unelected board and marked an attempt to bring public schools under Anglican religious control.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> Control of this board in Toronto was then subsumed under a provincial Board of Education in 1824, itself merged into the Council of King's College, a body charged with obtaining a university for the province.
</p><p>In 1831, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Canada_College" title="Upper Canada College">Upper Canada College</a> was created to replace the Home District Grammar School with state funding in the form of an initial crown lands grant of 6,000 acres, later supplemented by an additional 60,000 acres.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> In contrast, common schools in this era, the equivalent of today's elementary schools, were woefully underfunded. Funding for the schools was derived from the sale of crown lands, but the lands chosen to support education were undesirable and couldn't command a high enough price to sustain the common schools. In addition to undesirability, the acreage devoted to funding the common schools initially granted in 1816 was later reduced by half. These deficiencies began to be addressed by the School Act of 1844 and culminated in the creation of local public school boards across the province including the Toronto Public School Board.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Toronto_Public_School_Board">The Toronto Public School Board</span></h3>
<p>The Toronto Public School Board (TPSB) was created in 1847 to oversee elementary education in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a></sup> However, the date of creation of the board is also given as 1850 as this was when trustee elections under a ward system started.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12">[12]</a></sup> Legislation toward the creation of local, public school boards began with the School Act of 1844, which stipulated municipal contributions toward the salaries of teachers. The Toronto Public School Board continued to govern the city's elementary schools until 1904 when, following a city referendum, it was merged with the Collegiate Institute Board, which oversaw the city's secondary schools, and the Technical School Board, which oversaw the Toronto Technical School, to form the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Board_of_Education" title="Toronto Board of Education">Toronto Board of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prentice_1991_206_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prentice_1991_206-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>Six trustees were appointed to the original 1847 board by the municipal council of Toronto to serve with the mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a></sup> The board was composed entirely of white men until the election of the first female trustee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augusta_Stowe-Gullen" title="Augusta Stowe-Gullen">Augusta Stowe-Gullen</a> in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> The board was created after the passage of the Common School Act of 1846 spearheaded by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egerton_Ryerson" title="Egerton Ryerson">Egerton Ryerson</a>, architect of both publicly funded schooling and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">residential school system</a>. The Act also called for the creation of a provincial normal school which would become the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Normal_School" title="Toronto Normal School">Toronto Normal School</a>. Prior to the 1846 Common School Act, individual schools were governed by boards created under the Grammar School Act of 1807 and the Common Schools Act of 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12">[12]</a></sup> Like all boards of education at the time, the Toronto Public School Board was responsible for raising money to fund schools in addition to grants provided by the provincial government. However, they were not empowered to make these levies compulsory until the passage of the Common School Act in 1850<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> brought on in part by the closure of schools in Toronto in 1848 due to lack of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> This act also allowed for the creation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">separate schools</a> boards in Ontario including racially segregated schools.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> In Toronto, the act allowed for the creation of a Catholic school board which would eventually become today's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a>. While elementary schooling across the province was not made free by law until 1871, the 1850 Common School Act allowed for individual boards to entirely fund their schools through public funds. The Toronto Public School Board voted to do so in 1851, making elementary schooling in the city free. Minutes from the first meetings of the Toronto Public School Board have been preserved by the Toronto District School Board Museum and Archives.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Schools_of_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board">Schools of the Toronto Public School Board</span></h4>
<p>When the Toronto Public School Board was first created, elementary or common schools in the city did not have dedicated buildings but instead, "the thousand-odd children who were registered as common school pupils were accommodated in rented premises--a dozen or so small halls and houses, designated by numbers."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> This changed shortly after the election of the first board when six schools identical in architecture were built, one in each ward of the city. More schools with distinct designs were built over the coming decades. Some of these original schools are listed in the order of their construction below:
</p>
<ol><li>Louisa St. School (1852)</li>
<li>The Park School (1853)</li>
<li>George St. School (1853)</li>
<li>John St. School (1855)</li>
<li>Victoria St. School (1855)</li>
<li>Phoebe St. School (1855)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5239">Jesse Ketchum School</a> (1858)</li>
<li>Givins St. School (1859)</li>
<li>Elizabeth St. School (1868)</li>
<li>York St. School (1870)</li>
<li>Bathurst St. School (1872)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Find-your/Schools/schno/5210">Church St. School</a> (1872)</li>
<li>Parliament St. School (1872)</li></ol>
<p>The six original schools have since been demolished with only the Park School having been replaced with a new school.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> As the student population grew, rented premises continued to be used to accommodate students, especially in the case of auxiliary schools where attendance was lower and the schools were more similar to county schools.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Members_of_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board">Members of the Toronto Public School Board</span></h4>
<p>The first elections for the school board were held on September 3, 1850. Two trustees were elected to represent each of the six wards in the city.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Results of 1850 School Trustee Elections<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Ward
</th>
<th>Trustees
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>St. Andrew's
</td>
<td>G.P. Ridout; Alex. Macdonald
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>St. David's
</td>
<td>Jos. Workman, M.D.; A.A. Riddell
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>St. George's
</td>
<td>J.L. Robinson; E.F. Whittemore
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>St. James's
</td>
<td>J.D. Ridout; D. Paterson
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>St. Lawrence's
</td>
<td>J.G. Beard; Wm. Gooderham
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>St. Patrick's
</td>
<td>J.H. Hagarty; James Price
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>This list includes many prominent families of Toronto. Positions on the board were unpaid and were dominated by members of wealthy families who could afford to spend time in meetings and advocating for board policies. J.D. Ridout and G.P. Ridout were sons of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Ridout_(politician)" title="Thomas Ridout (politician)">Thomas Ridout</a>, a politician and chairman of the Home District Council. The Gooderham name is known best for its connection to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gooderham_and_Worts" title="Gooderham and Worts">Gooderham and Worts</a> a Canadian distillery since purchased by Hiram Walker and whose buildings have been retained and restored in Toronto's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Distillery_District" title="Distillery District">Distillery District</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua_George_Beard" title="Joshua George Beard">Joshua George Beard</a> served on the board for twenty years in addition to serving as a city alderman and was elected the 10th <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Toronto" title="List of mayors of Toronto">Mayor of Toronto</a> in 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> Gooderham, David Paterson, and E.F. Whittemore were directors of Consumer's Gas Works<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> a Toronto gas distribution company since acquired by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enbridge" title="Enbridge">Enbridge</a> whose buildings remain prominent in Toronto including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Consumers%27_Gas_Building" title="Consumers' Gas Building">Consumer's Gas Building</a> and as performance and rehearsal spaces for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Stage_Company" title="Canadian Stage Company">Canadian Stage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> James L. Robinson was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_William_Allan" title="George William Allan">George W. Allan</a>'s partner in law<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> and son of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sir_John_Robinson,_1st_Baronet,_of_Toronto" title="Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto">Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet of Toronto.</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hawkins_Hagarty" title="John Hawkins Hagarty">John Hawkins Hagarty</a> would go on to become Chief Justice of Ontario.
</p><p>James Price was a builder; his presence as the only trustee from more humble roots speaks to the composition of the Toronto Public School Board in this era.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> Dr. Joseph Workman was elected chair of the school board. In addition to serving on the board for five years, he was Superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, now the Queen Street Mental Health Centre of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centre_for_Addiction_and_Mental_Health" title="Centre for Addiction and Mental Health">Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> Workman was one of the prime supporters of the campaign to build publicly owned schools.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_Figures_of_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board">Notable Figures of the Toronto Public School Board</span></h4>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Anthony_Barber" title="George Anthony Barber">George Anthony Barber</a>, the board's first Local Superintendent, and the father of Canadian cricket.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>Rev. James Porter, the board's second Local Superintendent. He worked to increase attendance at Toronto's public schools<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> and reported to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egerton_Ryerson" title="Egerton Ryerson">Egerton Ryerson</a> on the construction of a new school for the board, Elizabeth St School.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesse_Ketchum" title="Jesse Ketchum">Jesse Ketchum</a>, a supporter of schooling responsible for many donations to the board<sup id="cite_ref-:6_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-29">[29]</a></sup> and after whom the current Toronto District School Board school, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://schoolweb.tdsb.on.ca/jesseketchum">Jesse Ketchum Public School</a>, is named.
</p><p>James L. Hughes, principal of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Normal_School" title="Toronto Normal School">Toronto Normal School</a>'s Model School and Chief Inspector for the Toronto Public School Board.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Characteristics_of_Schooling_in_the_Toronto_Public_School_Board">Characteristics of Schooling in the Toronto Public School Board</span></h4>
<p>Schooling in the era of the Toronto Public School Board was markedly different from modern schooling. In these large urban schools, students were separated by gender but taught in large, mixed-age classes of often over 100 students.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> Students were taught out of readers and exams were conducted orally and only available to the best students from each school division. The technology of schooling was different as well. Students often were seated on long benches, or "forms". The introduction of the individual desk was a technological advancement advocated by some as a means of preventing students from distracting each other. Urban schools were often early adopters of these new technologies. This meant that the Toronto Public School Board was a leader in adopting blackboards, which other school boards were slower to introduce.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> Teachers were also often expected to lodge in the school. In the Toronto Public School Board, provisions were made for a room for the teacher in the basements of the first six schools. At this time, secondary schools, or grammar schools, were not free. However, the Toronto Public School Board provided scholarships for the top achieving boys to attend these all-male institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> A provincial grant incentivized the creation of school libraries, and in 1858 the board had 2,837 volumes. An 1862 motion for the introduction of gymnasiums was met with some resistance as they were considered an expensive addition outside the scope of the academic disciplines of schools. Ultimately, the Select Committee voted against the recommendation.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="TPSB_Industrial_Schools">TPSB Industrial Schools</span></h4>
<p>Schooling for children living in poverty was a concern of many of the Chief Inspectors of the TPSB, including Inspector Hughes. He and others campaigned for the passage of legislation to allow for the creation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Industrial_school" title="Industrial school">industrial schools</a>, similar to those created in England. In the meantime, a class for expelled students was created in a church mission run by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grace_Church_on-the-Hill" title="Grace Church on-the-Hill">Anglican Grace Church</a>. The space was provided for free by the church and the class was staffed by the TPSB, who provided <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esther_Frances_How" title="Esther Frances How">Esther Frances How</a> who would go on to be widely remembered for her work at the school.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> Although the Ontario Industrial Schools Act was passed in 1874, industrial schools were not built in Toronto until 1887 when the province provided funding to support the construction of such schools. The first two industrial schools in Toronto were the Victoria Industrial School for Boys and the Alexandra School for Girls. The schools were both part of the Industrial Schools Association of Toronto.
</p>
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Victoria_Industrial_School_for_Boys">Victoria Industrial School for Boys</span></h5>
<p>Built in 1887, the Victoria Industrial School for Boys was the destination for youth convicted of crimes and "incorrigible" youth until it was closed in 1934. Boys at the school were housed in "cottages," two to three story brick buildings housing as many as forty boys and quite unlike the wood-frame houses in nearby Mimico.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> In the "cottages," the boys were supervised by a man and woman, usually husband and wife.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> However, despite the homely setting, the school was often a place of violence for the boys there including such treatment as being handcuffed to the bed, beaten, and placed on bread-and-water diets. These abuses were the focus of investigations by the province as well as reporting in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Daily_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Daily Star">Toronto Daily Star</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Although the school was operated locally, the school was increasingly populated by boys from across the province.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> The site was used for the education of inmates under various names including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mimico_Correctional_Centre" title="Mimico Correctional Centre">Mimico Correctional Centre</a> and is now home to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_South_Detention_Centre" title="Toronto South Detention Centre">Toronto South Detention Centre</a>.
</p>
<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Alexandra_School_for_Girls">Alexandra School for Girls</span></h5>
<p>Opened in 1892, the Alexandra School for Girls was located to the east of the then-bounds of the City of Toronto in Scarborough to the north of the intersection of present-day Blantyre Ave and Kingston Rd.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> The school was opened under the leadership of Superintendent Lucy W. Brooking.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> The population of the school increased with a reduction in the number of women housed at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Mercer_Reformatory_for_Women" title="Andrew Mercer Reformatory for Women">Mercer Refuge</a>. A number of factors including poverty led girls to be place at the school rather than other institutions such as the Toronto Girls' Home.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Toronto_Collegiate_Institute_Board">The Toronto Collegiate Institute Board</span></h3>
<p>The Collegiate Institute Board was created in 1807 to oversee what we would now call secondary schools. Unlike the Toronto Public School Board whose trustees were elected, the Collegiate Institute Board was appointed. In its earliest years, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Strachan" title="John Strachan">Bishop Strachan</a> influenced appointments, but starting in 1841 trustees were appointed by the provincial executive government and my municipal council from 1853 to 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> Dean H.J. Grasset is most associated with the board, having served on the board for ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> Until the late 1880s the board was only responsible for one school, but this changed with the annexation of Parkdale in 1889, leading the Parkdale High School to be renamed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parkdale_Collegiate_Institute" title="Parkdale Collegiate Institute">Jameson Avenue Collegiate Institute</a>, and the construction of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harbord_Collegiate_Institute" title="Harbord Collegiate Institute">Harbord Collegiate Institute</a> in 1892. The addition of schools meant that the Toronto High School was renamed the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jarvis_Collegiate_Institute" title="Jarvis Collegiate Institute">Jarvis Collegiate Institute</a> in 1890, though the school did not move to its current location until 1924.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Toronto_Technical_School_Board">The Toronto Technical School Board</span></h3>
<p>The Technical School Board was created to oversee a single school, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Technical_School" title="Central Technical School">Toronto Technical School</a>. Classes were first offered in 1892 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Lawrence_Hall" title="St. Lawrence Hall">St. Lawrence Hall</a>, but when enrollment exceeded expectations they were moved to Old Wycliffe Hall, now part of the University of Toronto campus. In 1901, classes were moved to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Athletic_Club" title="Toronto Athletic Club">Stewart Building</a> due to growing enrollment. Finally, the school moved to its current location in 1915 and is now known as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Technical_School" title="Central Technical School">Central Technical School</a> due to the construction of addition technical schools in the board. Members of the Technical School Board were also appointed but by a different process than members of the Collegiate Institute Board. Members of the Technical School Board were appointed by municipal council, the Architectural Guild, the Trades and Labour Council, and the Association of Stationary Engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10">[10]</a></sup> After amalgamation in 1904, members of the board became part of a special committee of the Toronto Board of Education. Dr. A.C. McKay was an early champion of technical education.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Toronto_Board_of_Education">The Toronto Board of Education</span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Board_of_Education" title="Toronto Board of Education">Toronto Board of Education</a>, officially the Board of Education for the City of Toronto, governed education in pre-amalgamation Toronto from 1904 to 1998. It was created from the merger of the existing boards of education in the city (The Toronto Public School Board, the Toronto Collegiate Institute Board, and the Toronto Technical School Board) following a municipal referendum in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prentice_1991_206_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prentice_1991_206-14">[14]</a></sup> The board governed education in Toronto until 1998.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Metropolitan_Toronto_School_Board_and_the_Toronto_District_School_Board">Metropolitan Toronto School Board and the Toronto District School Board</span></h3>
<p>The Metropolitan Toronto School Board was established on January 20, 1953, before the 1954 creation of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Toronto">Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto</a><sup id="cite_ref-Journal_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MTSB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTSB-3">[3]</a></sup> From the beginning, it was a federation of eleven public anglophone municipal school boards consisting of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_York_Board_of_Education" title="East York Board of Education">East York Board of Education</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etobicoke_Board_of_Education" title="Etobicoke Board of Education">Etobicoke Board of Education</a>, the Forest Hill Board of Education, the Lakeshore District Board of Education, Leaside Board of Education, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_York_Board_of_Education" title="North York Board of Education">North York Board of Education</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scarborough_Board_of_Education" title="Scarborough Board of Education">Scarborough Board of Education</a>, the Swansea Board of Education, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Board_of_Education" title="Toronto Board of Education">Toronto Board of Education</a>, Weston Board of Education and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Board_of_Education_for_the_City_of_York" title="Board of Education for the City of York">York Township Board of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> Its head office was located at the former <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=York_Mills_Public_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="York Mills Public School (page does not exist)">York Mills Public School</a> site on Campbell Crescent (built 1956 and demolished 2004).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>Throughout its existence, the MTSB assisted local boards with maintenance assistance payments but the local school boards were exempted from paying property taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-Journal_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1967, Forest Hill and Swansea boards were abolished and merged with the TBE. The Lakeshore board was amalgamated with the Etobicoke school board followed by the Leaside board integrated into the EYBE and eventually, the Weston public board ceased to exist and absorbed in the York board.
</p><p>French schools operated by the North York, Scarborough and Toronto boards were transferred into MTSB's francophone unit, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_des_%C3%A9coles_fran%C3%A7aises_de_la_communaut%C3%A9_urbaine_de_Toronto" title="Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto">Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto</a> (CEFCUT) on December 1, 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Behieldsp133_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behieldsp133-47">[47]</a></sup> Seven of its public schools existed as of 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-Frenchspeaking_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frenchspeaking-48">[48]</a></sup> The concept of CÉFCUT was developed by a committee assembled by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Education (Ontario)">Ontario Minister of Education</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sean_Conway" title="Sean Conway">Sean Conway</a>. CÉFCUT was established on 1 December 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-Behieldsp133_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behieldsp133-47">[47]</a></sup> and it began operations in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>The passage of The Fewer School Boards Act of 1997, a bill passed by the Conservative Mike Harris government despite public opposition,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> which amalgamated boards of education across the province, reducing a number of boards to 72. The Act immediately followed legislation which amalgamated municipalities such as Bill 103 which made changes to the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Toronto_Act" title="City of Toronto Act">City of Toronto Act</a></i> to amalgamate seven municipalities and create the current <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">City of Toronto</a>. As a consequence, six of the English school boards merged with the MTSB to form the <i> English-language Public District School Board No. 12</i> which later became the <i>Toronto District School Board</i> in 1999. The French language schools operated by the CEFCUT were separated and became part of the new board, <i>French-language Public District School Board No. 58</i> which was later renamed to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil Scolaire de District du Centre-Sud-Ouest</a>.
</p><p>TDSB headquarters was located at 155 College Street, the former offices of the Toronto Board of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-CollegeStreet_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CollegeStreet-51">[51]</a></sup> TDSB head office moved from 155 College Street to 5050 Yonge Street, which was previously occupied by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_York_Board_of_Education" title="North York Board of Education">North York Board of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Organization">Organization</span></h2>
<p>The school board's organizational mission is "to enable all students to reach high levels of achievement and to acquire the knowledge, skills, and values they need to become responsible members of a democratic society."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup>
</p><p>The TDSB is the largest school board in Canada<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> and the 4th largest in North America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> The record was previously held by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Metropolitan Separate School Board</a> with over 100,000 students until 1998 what is now the Toronto Catholic District School Board.
</p><p>There are more than 255,000 students<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-6">[6]</a></sup> in nearly 600 schools within the TDSB. Of these schools, 473 offer elementary education, 110 offer secondary level education, and there are five adult day schools. The TDSB has 18 alternative elementary schools as well as 20 alternative secondary schools. TDSB has approximately 31,910 permanent and 10,500 temporary staff, which includes 11,360 elementary school teachers and 5,000 at the secondary level.<sup id="cite_ref-About_Us_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_Us-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>Parent and Community involvement occurs at all levels of the school board system, from parental involvement at local schools, the involvement of local organizations at the school level and formal advisory committees at the Board level.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-56">[56]</a></sup>
</p><p>There has also been an effort to include more student involvement in the Toronto District School Board. The "Super Council" is an organization which acts as a student council for the entire board.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> There has also been an attempt to place student input in the TDSB's Equity Department through the second, and last, board-wide student group: Students Working Against Great Injustice.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> Both groups have put together various events and have had much success in giving input towards the decisions of the Board.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup>
</p><p>The TDSB actively recruits students from outside of Canada, and attracts students from Kindergarten to Grade 12, charging international students up to $14,000 per year to study in Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Trustees">Trustees</span></h3>
<p>The TDSB has 22 elected trustees and two student trustees. The chair of the board is Alexander Brown<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> and its vice-chair is Trixie Doyle.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> Before the 1998 split of the French schools, the MTSB had two French seats in addition to twenty-three English seats.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Director_of_Education">Director of Education</span></h3>
<p>The Current Director of Education is Karen Flaconer<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> The former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_Education_(Ontario)" title="Director of Education (Ontario)">Director of Education</a> was Dr. Kathy Witherow,<sup id="cite_ref-tdsb.on.ca_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdsb.on.ca-64">[64]</a></sup> who was serving on an interim basis since October 10, 2020, replacing Carlene Jackson.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Former_directors">Former directors</span></h4>
<ul><li>Kathy Witherow (2020-2020) now retired<sup id="cite_ref-tdsb.on.ca_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdsb.on.ca-64">[64]</a></sup></li>
<li>Carlene Jackson (2020-2020) - now Ontario’s comptroller general<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup></li>
<li>John Malloy (2015-2020) – left the TDSB to work as the Superintendent of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Ramon_Valley_Unified_School_District" title="San Ramon Valley Unified School District">San Ramon Valley Unified School District</a></li>
<li>Donna Quan (2013–2015) – was acting in 2013, left to work for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a> (as adjunct professor) and Ministry of Education</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Spence_(educator)" title="Chris Spence (educator)">Chris Spence</a> (2009–2013) – resigned due to a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a> scandal and teaching license revoked (2016)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gerry_Connelly_(educator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerry Connelly (educator) (page does not exist)">Gerry Connelly</a> (2005–2009) – retired from TDSB and now special advisor on Education Policy for The Learning Partnership and adjunct professor at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_Reid_(educator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Reid (educator) (page does not exist)">David Reid</a> (2001–2005) – now with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario_Institute_for_Studies_in_Education" title="Ontario Institute for Studies in Education">Ontario Institute for Studies in Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Jackson_(educator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marguerite Jackson (educator) (page does not exist)">Marguerite Jackson</a> (1998–2001) – now CEO of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_Quality_and_Accountability_Office" title="Education Quality and Accountability Office">Education Quality and Accountability Office</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Community_involvement">Community involvement</span></h2>
<p>The TDSB's Parent and Community Involvement Policy describes ways in which "parents, the community, students, staff and the Board" are working together.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-56">[56]</a></sup> One option is the Parent Involvement Advisory Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup>
</p><p>Parents can design and propose a new school in the TDSB. There is a 2-year process for review, approval and opening the school.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Collaboration_with_Black_Lives_Matter">Collaboration with Black Lives Matter</span></h3>
<p>In 2017, the TDSB participated in "Freedom Day" organized by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>, during which students and teachers would "skip a day of school in protest" of "anti-black racism in the educational system". Issues of concern were police patrols of TDSB schools, and the disproportionate number of black students being suspended and being placed into non-academic educational streams.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Uniforms_and_dress_code">Uniforms and dress code</span></h2>
<p>Beginning in fall 2019, students are now allowed to wear hoodies, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop tops</a>, and spaghetti straps.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some of the schools in the TDSB have uniforms in place such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_York_Collegiate_Institute" title="East York Collegiate Institute">East York Collegiate Institute</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/R._H._King_Academy" title="R. H. King Academy">R. H. King Academy</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversies_and_issues">Controversies and issues</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Financial_issues">Financial issues</span></h3>
<table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="Unbalanced scales" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ambox_scales.svg/50px-Ambox_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ambox_scales.svg/75px-Ambox_scales.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ambox_scales.svg/100px-Ambox_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>lend <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Toronto_District_School_Board&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a></b> that contextualizes different points of view.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In 2002, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Ontario" title="Government of Ontario">Government of Ontario</a> stripped all power and authority from the school board trustees because they failed to balance the board's budget. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Christie_(politician)" title="Paul Christie (politician)">Paul Christie</a> was appointed by the province to serve as supervisor of the Toronto District School Board, with authority for all financial and administrative functions of the Board. This allowed Christie to supersede the authority of elected school trustees. The provincial government argued that the appointment was necessary, as the TDSB had not submitted a budget to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario_Minister_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Minister of Education">Ontario Minister of Education</a> as legally required. Representatives of the TDSB claimed that they could not find the necessary operating expenses for the year, given provincial regulations which prohibited deficit spending. Christie balanced the TDSB's budget through a dramatic spending reduction of $90 million. Under his watch, the TDSB eliminated many secretarial positions, phased out school-community advisors, child and youth counsellors, and attendance counsellors and reduced the number of vice-principals, cut outdoor education and adult education, and re-evaluated the position of social workers in the system. Christie's staff reports were not made public, and some critics argued that there were no adequate checks or balances on his authority.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup>
</p><p>Blackstone Partners carried out a review in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> They submitted a 113-page report in January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> Blackstone Partners were "<i>asked to determine if the facilities division had "effective governance."</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> The report showed "<i>high costs of repairs, lots of workers and spotty results, and managerial “silos” that made it hard for principals to figure out whom to approach to get a job done.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> Blackstone Partners gave 43 recommendations in the report.<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> The school board claims a few have been carried out and others are in the works.<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> When surveyed about a wide range of topics, the worst result was the school board’s maintenance and construction division.<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> Eighty percent of principals didn't believe the maintenance and construction division delivered good value for the money<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> TDSB director Chris Spence "<i>To use a football analogy, we are trying to move the yardstick. There is no quick fix.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> The <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i> reported that in recent investigation showed little has changed since that review.<sup id="cite_ref-2006review_72-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006review-72">[72]</a></sup> A secondary school principal "<i>raised questions about the $143 cost of installing a pencil sharpener and the $19,000 cost of installing a sign on the school's front lawn.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Principalquestion_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Principalquestion-73">[73]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Installed product/Service</th>
<th>Cost</th>
<th><span title="References" class="rt-commentedText explain">Ref.</span>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>To attach a pencil sharpener with four screws</td>
<td>$143</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pencilshapernersignskitchen-74">[74]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>sign on a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sir_John_A._MacDonald_Collegiate_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John A. MacDonald Collegiate Institute">school's front lawn</a></td>
<td>$19,000</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pencilshapernersignskitchen-74">[74]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Electrical outlet on the wall in a school library</td>
<td>$3,000</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pencilshapernersignskitchen-74">[74]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<i>Breakfast club</i>" kitchen</td>
<td>$250,000</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pencilshapernersignskitchen-74">[74]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Basketball bolt installation</td>
<td>$1,492.13</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated-75">[75]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Repairing drinking fountains</td>
<td>$2,703</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated-75">[75]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Replacing a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Bin" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Bin">Green Bin</a></td>
<td>$664</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated-75">[75]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Hanging a picture in the office</td>
<td>$700</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated-75">[75]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Toilet seats</td>
<td>$27 (to purchase)<br />$500 (to install)</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated-75">[75]</a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In 2007, again due to alleged mismanagement by the trustees, the board will try to submit a budget with a deficit of $84 million.
</p><p>The school board wants $3.6 million from the Toronto Star before it releases a database.<sup id="cite_ref-Ransom_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransom-76">[76]</a></sup> The database shows "<i>work orders showing what taxpayers have been charged for maintenance and construction projects at local schools.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Ransom_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransom-76">[76]</a></sup> In June 2012, the Toronto Star asked for "<i>an electronic copy showing three years of work at the TDSB.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Ransom_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransom-76">[76]</a></sup> The Toronto Star stated that "<i>the request was made under the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Ransom_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransom-76">[76]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Ontario Ministry of Education Froze funding for the school board's buildings project.<sup id="cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012financecrisis-77">[77]</a></sup> The ministry cited the possibility of a $10 million to $11 million cost overrun for the retrofit of Nelson Mandela Park Public School.<sup id="cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012financecrisis-77">[77]</a></sup> The project was originally priced at $21.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012financecrisis-77">[77]</a></sup> Some of the school board's trustees are "<i>outraged</i>". <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurel_Broten" title="Laurel Broten">Laurel Broten</a>, Ontario's Minister of Education, stated, "<i>We are not happy they don’t know why</i>" when talking about the overrun.<sup id="cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012financecrisis-77">[77]</a></sup> She also stated that a supervisor may be sent in.<sup id="cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012financecrisis-77">[77]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Maintenance and Construction Skilled Trades Council gets 0.5% on all outside contracts even though it does not perform the work.<sup id="cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outsidecontracts-78">[78]</a></sup> Several contractors have stated that "<i>contractors sometimes inflate their price for school board work to pay Hazel’s group.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outsidecontracts-78">[78]</a></sup> Maintenance and Construction Skilled Trades Council are unable to do all the maintenance and construction work.<sup id="cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outsidecontracts-78">[78]</a></sup> TDSB spokesperson Shari Schwartz-Maltz said "<i>the dues are considered a "temporary union membership.</i>" The TDSB does not charge the trades council rent for its offices on school board property.<sup id="cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outsidecontracts-78">[78]</a></sup> The school board's trustees want to stop paying the fee.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup>
</p><p>Employees of the school board visited bars, bought groceries and filled the gas tanks of their cars using "public money" and while on the job.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Contract_with_Trade_Council">Contract with Trade Council</span></h3>
<p>A top official from the Toronto District School Board stated that he has concerns about a "controversial contract" between the Trades Council and the Ontario Government and claims that the contract with the trades council is "politically motivated."<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup> Chris Bolton, the Chairman of the school board, stated that the Trade Council is a "major contributors to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberals</a>" and even campaigned for the Liberals.<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup> A government spokesperson stated that Education Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurel_Broten" title="Laurel Broten">Laurel Broten</a> decision to retain the Trade Council's services "nothing to do with politics."<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>Terms of the contract includes:
</p>
<ul><li>"The TDSB will not be allowed to hire outside workers for some jobs."<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup> The school board won't be allowed to hire outside workers even if it would cost taxpayers less.<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup></li>
<li>"The trades council is still allowed to choose all new workers for the publicly funded school board."<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup> The Toronto District School Board, who pays the workers, doesn't have a say on who is hired.<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup></li>
<li>A structured shift system will be preserved where the morning and afternoon shifts overlaps.<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup> This requires the school board to maintain extra trucks and vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup> The school board has estimated "it could have sold off up to 300 trucks and other vehicles that would not be needed if the afternoon shift started when the morning shift ended."<sup id="cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councilcontract-81">[81]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Immigration_Act_charges">Immigration Act charges</span></h3>
<p>In 2001, Toronto School Board Trustee Sam Basra was convicted of Immigration Act charges and was forced under the Education Act to resign his seat. He pleaded guilty in August 2001 to selling fake offers of employment to potential immigrants for US$1,500.00 each. This came to light after being tipped by a former employee, police raided Basra's paralegal firm and found 250 false letters of employment. In March 2001 Arjan Singh launched a $15 million lawsuit against Basra alleging that while doing paralegal work, Basra forged documents to make him think his rights case was active more than a year after it was closed. After much infighting among the trustees and inaction from then Chair of the Board <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donna_Cansfield" title="Donna Cansfield">Donna Cansfield</a> to make an appointment to fill the vacant trustee seat left by Basra, a by-election was called for April 2002 costing the board $160,000.00. Stan Nemiroff defeated former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etobicoke" title="Etobicoke">Etobicoke</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruce_Sinclair_(politician)" title="Bruce Sinclair (politician)">Bruce Sinclair</a> in the by-election to become the new Ward 1 trustee representing Etobicoke North.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Racial.2C_religious_and_disability-related_issues"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Racial,_religious_and_disability-related_issues">Racial, religious and disability-related issues</span></h3>
<p>In December 2001, a $70 million class-action lawsuit was filed against the Toronto District School Board on behalf of the parents of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_needs" title="Special needs">special needs</a> students who were sent home during the boards support workers strike in April 2001. The suit claimed that 27,000 special needs students were discriminated against on the basis of their disabilities because they were sent home during the month-long strike while the schools stayed open for their able-bodied counterparts. The claims were based on the fact that they were not permitted to go to school and missed a month of school while everyone else was able to go. The suit also claimed that the Toronto District School Board should stop treating special needs students as lesser students. The four-week strike, led by 13,000 support workers, ended in early May 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 14, 2005, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ontario Human Rights Commission">Ontario Human Rights Commission</a> reached a settlement with the Toronto District School Board following a Commission-initiated complaint against the Board in July 2005. On July 7, 2005, the commission initiated a complaint against the Board in the public interest and on behalf of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racialized" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialized">racialized</a> students and students with disabilities alleging that the application of the Safe Schools Act and the Board's policies on discipline are having a disproportionate impact on racial minority students and students with disabilities. The complaint alleges that the Board had failed to meet its duty to accommodate racialized students and students with disabilities in the application of discipline, including providing adequate alternative education services for racial minority students and students with disabilities who are suspended or expelled and that the above amounts to a failure on the part of the Board to provide equal access to education services and that it constitutes discrimination and contravenes sections 1, 11 and 9 of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario_Human_Rights_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Human Rights Code">Ontario Human Rights Code</a>. The TDSB accepts and acknowledges a widespread perception that the application of Ontario's school disciplinary legislation, regulations and policies can have a discriminatory effect on students from racialized communities and students with disabilities and further exacerbate their already disadvantaged position in society.
</p><p>In 2005, controversy erupted when the TDSB's Board Chair Sheila Ward and Executive Officer of Student and Community Equity, Lloyd McKell, spoke in favour of "Black-focused schools."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> The proposal brought about a media backlash, as many interpreted this as a "Black-only" school. After long and sometimes raucous debate, the proposal for an Afrocentric school was adopted, and registration began.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup> Similar controversy had taken place in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_York_Board_of_Education" title="North York Board of Education">North York Board of Education</a> in the 1980s, when the board attempted to turn <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georges_Vanier_Secondary_School" title="Georges Vanier Secondary School">Georges Vanier Secondary School</a> into a black-only school.
</p><p>With <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic incidents</a> seldom in the TDSB schools (see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Toronto" title="History of the Jews in Toronto">History of the Jews in Toronto</a>), one incident occurred in November 2016 when the walls were sprayed with antisemitic graffiti at David Hornell Junior School in Etobicoke.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup> The TDSB has encouraged its staff to report such incidents to the police.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup> Similarly on April 18, 2018, at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Secondary_School_(Toronto)" title="Northern Secondary School (Toronto)">Northern Secondary School</a>, the poster of the school's Jewish club were defaced with anti-semitic markings.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2017, school administrators at the High Park Alternative Junior School had characterized the song, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Land_of_the_Silver_Birch" title="Land of the Silver Birch">Land of the Silver Birch</a>, attributed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pauline_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauline Johnson">Pauline Johnson</a>, as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racist" class="mw-redirect" title="Racist">racist</a>. In a letter to parents they said, "While its lyrics are not overtly racist . . . the historical context of the song is racist." Other experts disagreed with this assertion and the music teacher who had the song performed at a school concert sued the administration for defamation.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup>
</p><p>Another case occurred in 2018 when former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etobicoke_School_of_the_Arts" title="Etobicoke School of the Arts">Etobicoke School of the Arts</a> principal Peggy Aitchison came under fire following allegations of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racism_in_North_America" title="Racism in North America">racial profiling</a> after many of the students and parents became outraged after seeing the list — which many now call the "black list" — that Aitchison used the school's yearbook to identify black students.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup> Aitchison had served a similar case during her tenure as principal at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forest_Hill_Collegiate_Institute" title="Forest Hill Collegiate Institute">Forest Hill</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Toronto_Academy" title="Central Toronto Academy">Central Commerce Collegiates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> However, in May 2019, the TDSB placed two administrators of Glenview Senior Public School on leave following accusations of racist bullying involving two pupils in which a white boy allegedly punched a black girl in the face two months prior.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id=".22Explicit.22_sex-ed_brochures"></span><span class="mw-headline" id=""Explicit"_sex-ed_brochures">"Explicit" sex-ed brochures</span></h3>
<p>Wade Vroom,<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures-93">[93]</a></sup> an "occasional teacher" at Delta alternative school, "pinned up brochures meant to advise gay bar and bath house patrons on safe sex procedures"<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> in a grade seven and eight classroom.<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures-93">[93]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liz_Sandals" title="Liz Sandals">Liz Sandals</a>, the minister for education, stated that it was "totally inappropriate."<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> Sandals also stated, "clearly, from what was described in the media, the materials that were being used are totally inappropriate and are in no way connected to the Ontario health and phys ed curriculum" and "I’m relieved that Toronto District School Board (TDSB) has gotten rid of the material and that the teacher is no longer in the classroom."<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> He had been "ordered to work from home pending an investigation."<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures-93">[93]</a></sup> Sandals called it a "one off."<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> Sandals stated how this type of material would not be included in the new Ontario curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lisa_MacLeod" title="Lisa MacLeod">Lisa MacLeod</a>, the critic for education from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party</a>, stated "parents have not asked for this type of sexually explicit information to be made available to their children.<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> The fact that an Ontario teacher felt comfortable enough to post it speaks to the cozy relationship the Liberal government has with their unions."<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> MacLeod feels that the Toronto District School Board is "clearly out of control when it comes to this."<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> She also stated that "this is not the first time something like has occurred there - and I think the government really has to put their foot down and make it known that that type of material is unacceptable."<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> A spokesman for the school board claimed that the teacher had "good intentions."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup> MacLeod criticized the spokesman and thinks that the school board should fire someone for the material being posted.<sup id="cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94">[94]</a></sup> The AIDS Committee of Toronto, who published one of the brochures, stated that the intended material published by them was for adults.<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures-93">[93]</a></sup> The Toronto Sun asked in an article, "if the teacher now being paid to be at home, or any adult, were to pass out this material in a park, would the police not be called?"<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom-96">[96]</a></sup> and when is the TDSB going to notify police about a brochure teaching children?"safer sucking tips?"<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom-96">[96]</a></sup> A spokesman for the board stated, "At this time, police have not been notified."<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom_96-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom-96">[96]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Toronto Police Service</a> investigated the brochures<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup> and decided that no charges would be pressed against Vroom because it "didn't meet Criminal Code criteria to lay charges for exposing children to obscene material or corrupting the morals of children."<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup> Vroom was later reinstated after the issue had been "resolved."<sup id="cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures-93">[93]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="School_violence">School violence</span></h3>
<p>A number of violent encounters and tragedies have sparked growing concern, raising doubts on the ability of the TDSB to provide a safe educational environment. Stakeholders believe that the TDSB is failing on their promise of a harmonious learning environment for Toronto's youth. The Toronto District School Board location is known for having a high rate of violence among youths. The year 2013 saw the highest number of youths killed by guns in the district of Toronto including 7 teens who were 16 years old at the time of the incidents. Media statistics have estimated that Toronto's shooting victims, all males in 2013, have gotten younger. Their average age is estimated to be around 22 years old, down from 26 years old in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Past_incidents">Past incidents</span></h4>
<p>One of the incidents prior to amalgamation of the boards saw a wave of violence by October 1994. At first an ambush involving black and white students occurred at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brockton_High_School_(Toronto)" title="Brockton High School (Toronto)">Brockton High School</a>. Minutes after the attack occurred, another student had been beaten and stabbed. Afterwards police discovered a cache of weapons in a gym bag. At least four students received criminal charges.<sup id="cite_ref-Duffyhistory_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffyhistory-100">[100]</a></sup> On Thursday October 20, 1994, a guidance counselor and an assistant principal were shot in their offices.<sup id="cite_ref-shotinoffices_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shotinoffices-101">[101]</a></sup> They received chest, leg, and shoulder wounds but remained alive.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup> A 27-year-old student was charged with attempted murder.<sup id="cite_ref-shotinoffices_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shotinoffices-101">[101]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first incidents of violence directly affecting a TDSB secondary school occurred in 2007, when Jordan Manners, a 15-year-old student, was shot and killed in the hallway of C.W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup> It has been 10 years since the incident and the situation has not improved. After the highly publicized death of Manners, the safety and security of TDSB schools was scrutinized and questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-104">[104]</a></sup> Prior to the Jordan Manners’ shooting, 81% of CW Jefferys reported feeling safe at schools after the shooting this dropped 37 percentage points to 44%.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-105">[105]</a></sup> A panel was set up after the Jordan Manners shooting to address the issue of school safety.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-105">[105]</a></sup> However, The TDSB has been accused of, "failing to take immediate steps, there are areas where they have chosen not to follow the panel's recommendations.".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-104">[104]</a></sup>
</p><p>A similar incident also took place on September 16, 2008, when a 16-year-old boy was shot in the chest in the parking lot of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bendale_Business_and_Technical_Institute" title="Bendale Business and Technical Institute">Bendale Business and Technical Institute</a> following an altercation involving several people. The victim was subsequently hospitalized in critical condition. The next day, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Police">Toronto Police</a> announced it had made two arrests in the case; 18-year-old Mark Deicsics, was charged with armed robbery.<sup id="cite_ref-Bendaleshooting_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bendaleshooting-106">[106]</a></sup> The incident prompted authorities to lock down not only Bendale, but three other nearby schools (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_and_Mary_Thomson_Collegiate_Institute" title="David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute">David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute</a>) for almost three hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Bendaleshooting_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bendaleshooting-106">[106]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2009, a Grade 11 student was stabbed during lunch hour at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bloor_Collegiate_Institute" title="Bloor Collegiate Institute">Bloor Collegiate Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloorstabbing-108">[108]</a></sup> Katherine Evans, the principal of the school, stated that this was the first stabbing at the school that she's aware of.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloorstabbing-108">[108]</a></sup> For about two hours, the school was in "secure mode" where nobody was allowed in or out of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloorstabbing-108">[108]</a></sup> However, the school wasn't in lockdown as students were allowed to move around the school.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloorstabbing-108">[108]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 23, 2014, another outbreak of violence occurred when Hammid Aminzada, a 19-year-old <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Albion_Collegiate_Institute" title="North Albion Collegiate Institute">North Albion Collegiate Institute</a> student, was fatally stabbed on school grounds after attempting to break up a fight between two students.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-109">[109]</a></sup> The TDSB director of education Donna Quan announced that the board would "soon begin an independent review into the facts surrounding the events leading to and following the death of Hamid and to determine if more can be done to prevent such deaths and to improve support and engagement of students and families".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-109">[109]</a></sup> As a response, the TDSB sent out a press release on October 20, 2014, it listed and reviewed the facts surrounding the events leading up to and after the reported incident. In it they stated they would appoint a steering team to examine the circumstances pertaining to the occurrence and assess both the system and crisis response procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Past_violence-prevention_initiatives">Past violence-prevention initiatives</span></h4>
<p>In the late 1990s The Tory Government implemented a deliberate strategy to eliminate violence and illegal behavior on school grounds. This effort has been referred to as “Safe Schools Culture” which had a destructive effect on disenfranchised youth, especially African-Canadian. This approach lead to mass suspensions and other forms of conventional discipline that did not take into account the complex needs of the youth. The zero tolerance philosophy lead to abundant suspensions and expulsions under a “one size fits all” mentality. The culture tended toward pushing youths out of schools without essential support systems.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_105-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-105">[105]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_violence-prevention_initiatives">Current violence-prevention initiatives</span></h4>
<p>Today, steps against the violence in schools have led to the implementation of the School's Community Safety Advisory Panel following any major incident of violence on school grounds. The panel is responsible for conducting an independent review into the facts surrounding the events leading to and following the particular incident.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-109">[109]</a></sup> "The reviews will assist us in understanding the circumstances around this tragic incident to ensure that we continue moving the gains we’ve made in creating safe and caring school environments out to our school communities".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_109-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-109">[109]</a></sup> Additionally, every second year the Toronto District School Board conducts a School Climate Survey within their schools to gain direct results and understanding from students, school staff and parents about the overall school climate. These surveys are used to make informed planning decisions about programs to help prevent bullying and promote a safe and inclusive school environment.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="School_mosque">School mosque</span></h3>
<p>In 2011, it was revealed that a TDSB school, Valley Park Middle School, had been holding Muslim prayer services for students in its cafeteria during school hours. The prayer services lasted 30 to 40 minutes, and were led by an imam from a nearby mosque, though later this was changed to a student-led format to stem criticisms.<sup id="cite_ref-Morrow_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morrow-112">[112]</a></sup>
</p><p>School administration prepared the cafeteria space, and non-Muslim students attended classes during the prayer sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun-113">[113]</a></sup> During the prayers, boys and girls were separated by benches, with girls placed behind the boys. Menstruating girls did not participate, but could observe from the back row.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwivedi_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi-114">[114]</a></sup> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i> commented:
</p>
<blockquote><p>This school is allowing children to skip class so that they can pray during school hours in a secular public school system, all the while instilling the misconceived notion that menstruating girls are somehow unclean and should be pushed to the back of the figurative bus, which in this case is represented by the cafeteria turned makeshift mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwivedi_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi-114">[114]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>TDSB's Executive Superintendent of Equity and Engagement, Jim Spryopoulos noted, “we have the duty to accommodate", in keeping with the Toronto District School Board's Religious Accommodation policy.
</p><p>
Anti-Muslim groups like Canadian Hindu Advocacy group seized on the controversy and clouded what many saw as a clear issue of separation of church and state:</p><blockquote><p>In fact, it’s becoming increasingly clear that some of the most strident opponents of the cafeteria congregation are as morally deficient as the congregation system itself. But most Canadian publications haven’t noticed. Take the Canadian Hindu Advocacy, an interest group that’s been Valley Park Middle School’s most passionate opponent. Nearly every newspaper article on the topic, from those in the <i>Toronto Star</i> to the <i>Toronto Sun</i>, has called The Canadian Hindu Advocacy a mere “critic of Islam”. Closer investigation, though, (or any at all) makes clear that the CHA is no critic, but one, a vehemently anti-Islamic organization; and two, despite its name, an embarrassment to Canadian pluralism.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture_of_fear">Culture of fear</span></h3>
<p>In 2014, the Province of Ontario appointed Margaret Wilson to lead an independent review of operational issues at the TDSB. Wilson conducted over sixty interviews, and reviewed documents, letters, and hundreds of emails. Her conclusion was that a "climate of fear" existed within the TDSB.<sup id="cite_ref-Review_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review-116">[116]</a></sup> Wilson wrote:
</p>
<blockquote><p>I saw little recognition among experienced trustees that they might be responsible for at least some of the 'climate of fear'...nor did I see any recognition among very senior staff that they too had a part in creating that climate.<sup id="cite_ref-Review_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review-116">[116]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>Wilson stated that many employees believed their phones and computers were being monitored.<sup id="cite_ref-Review_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review-116">[116]</a></sup>
</p><p>Wilson submitted ten recommendations to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liz_Sandals" title="Liz Sandals">Liz Sandals</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Education (Ontario)">Minister of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Review_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review-116">[116]</a></sup> Sandals commented about the report: "The culture of fear, which may have started at the upper levels of the board, is getting dangerously close to the classroom...we have to stop that."<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2015—three months after the release of the Wilson Report—it was revealed that the TDSB had placed a covert camera inside a clock located in the office of a TDSB principal. About the incident, Wilson commented "It did strike me as part of the whole climate at the board". Following that revelation, TDSB Director Donna Quan issued a statement assuring "there are currently no hidden cameras in any office of a principal/vice-principal employed by the TDSB."<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup>
</p><p>The TDSB held no public inquiry into the culture of fear, and offered no compensation to those affected. In 2016, the former director John Malloy said:
</p>
<blockquote><p>Everyone who meets me wants to talk about the culture of fear and I understand that, fine, but what I have to be talking about or I won’t be effective in this role, is what we can do to move forward.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<h3><span id="Removing_the_word_.22chief.22_from_job_titles"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Removing_the_word_"chief"_from_job_titles">Removing the word "chief" from job titles</span></h3>
<p>In 2017, it was reported that the TDSB was ending the use of the word "chief" in job titles out of respect for Indigenous communities. The decision was inspired by the final report of Canada's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a>, though the final report "did not explicitly call for the removal of titles such as chief from non-Indigenous applications".<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Gee" title="Marcus Gee">Marcus Gee</a> commented in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>: "The idea was so ridiculous that it had to be in jest... It does nothing for the Indigenous community. It does nothing for the cause of Indigenous rights. In fact, by making something out of nothing, it discredits that cause, tainting it with the scent of wild-eyed zealotry."<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario</a></div>
<p>As the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> began to spread across the globe, concerns in the TDSB had begun to halt the spread of such <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">contagious disease</a>. On March 4, a student from Whitney Junior Public School has been exposed to the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></sup> Following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s declaration of the COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, Ontario premier <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a> announced all schools in the TDSB to be closed on March 14 until April 6 (this has been extended several times until May).<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></sup> Subsequently, Ontario declared a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> on March 17.
</p><p>With cases began to gradually decline, the Ministry of Education announced a reopening plan for all the school boards including the TDSB with strict health protocols in place.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></sup> On June 18, the TDSB announced the report cards to all secondary students will be received in July.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 30, the province educational ministry released an reopening plan.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup> In the plan released by the TDSB on August 4, the board intends to have class cohorts of approximately 15 students for high schools with either alternate days or alternate schedules in a quadmester format. Elementary students would be attending school five days a week with 300 instructional minutes, for students in kindergarten to Grade 8, they will be expected to attend class five days a week but will be placed in one cohort for the entire day, which includes recess and lunch. All staff and students are expected to conduct a self-assessment for COVID-19 symptoms before coming to school. Once they arrive at school, a second screening will be conducted. Masks are mandatory per the City by-law imposed in July. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual learning">Virtual learning</a> also remains an option for students.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup> However, 80 of the elementary schools (mostly in northwest Toronto) are identified by the Toronto Public Health to be at risk with COVID-19, which caused the TDSB to consider reducing class sizes in those said schools.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="School_staff_allegations_of_sexual_abuse">School staff allegations of sexual abuse</span></h3>
<p>Between 2014 and 2018, two teachers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wexford_Collegiate_School_for_the_Arts" title="Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts">Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts</a> Adam Coysh and John Kraft were accused sexual exploitation of several female students.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 2020, former TDSB teacher David Stanford charged with indecent assault on a male, indecency and buggery dating back to 1973 and 1983 involving pupils aged nine and 18 years old. Stanford recently worked at Williamson Road Junior Public School prior to retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Schools">Schools</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_Toronto_District_School_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in the Toronto District School Board">List of schools in the Toronto District School Board</a></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li>
<li><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/28px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/42px-School.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/56px-School.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Schools" title="Portal:Schools">Schools portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a>, the English-language Catholic school board that also operates in Toronto</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a>, the French-language school board that also operates in Toronto</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_de_district_catholique_Centre-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud">Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud</a>, the French-language Catholic school board in Toronto</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Ontario" title="List of school districts in Ontario">List of school districts in Ontario</a></li></ul>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1504/Alexander-Brown-Elected-as-TDSB-Chair">"Alexander Brown Elected as TDSB Chair"</a>. <i>Toronto District School Board</i>. TDSB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.atitle=Alexander+Brown+Elected+as+TDSB+Chair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftdsb.on.ca%2FNews%2FArticle-Details%2FArtMID%2F474%2FArticleID%2F1504%2FAlexander-Brown-Elected-as-TDSB-Chair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/High-School/TDSB-Student-Senate">"TDSB Student Senate"</a>. <i>www.tdsb.on.ca</i>. TDSB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=TDSB+Student+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2FHigh-School%2FTDSB-Student-Senate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCochrane1950" class="citation book cs1">Cochrane, Honora M., ed. (1950). <i>Centennial Story: The Board of Education for the CityAustin</i>. Toronto, ON: Thomas Nelson & Sons (Canada) Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centennial+Story%3A+The+Board+of+Education+for+the+CityAustin&rft.place=Toronto%2C+ON&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+%26+Sons+%28Canada%29+Limited&rft.date=1950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.ca/ebooks/putman-egertonryerson/putman-egertonryerson-00-h.html#CHAPTER_VI">"Egerton Ryerson and Education in Upper Canada, by J. Harold Putman"</a>. <i>www.gutenberg.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gutenberg.ca&rft.atitle=Egerton+Ryerson+and+Education+in+Upper+Canada%2C+by+J.+Harold+Putman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.ca%2Febooks%2Fputman-egertonryerson%2Fputman-egertonryerson-00-h.html%23CHAPTER_VI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:5-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRoss1896" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Sir George William (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schoolsystemont00rossgoog"><i>The School System of Ontario (Canada) Its History and Distinctive Features</i></a>. D. Appleton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schoolsystemont00rossgoog/page/n44">24</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+School+System+of+Ontario+%28Canada%29+Its+History+and+Distinctive+Features&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Sir+George+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschoolsystemont00rossgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/toronto_board_of_education_created">"Toronto Board of Education Formed"</a>. <i>www.1845rr1945.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.1845rr1945.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+Board+of+Education+Formed&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1845rr1945.ca%2Ftimeline%2Fthemes%2Feducational_reform%2Ftoronto_board_of_education_created&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Prentice_1991_206-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prentice_1991_206_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prentice_1991_206_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPrenticeHeaps1991" class="citation book cs1">Prentice, Alison; Heaps, Ruby (1991). <i>Gender and Education in Ontario: An Historical Reader</i>. Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 206.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+and+Education+in+Ontario%3A+An+Historical+Reader&rft.place=Toronto%2C+ON&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Canadian+Scholars%27+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.au=Heaps%2C+Ruby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/decades/1890s/event/first_women_elected_to_toronto_board_of_education">"First Women Elected as Trustees"</a>. <i>www.1845rr1945.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.1845rr1945.ca&rft.atitle=First+Women+Elected+as+Trustees&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1845rr1945.ca%2Ftimeline%2Fdecades%2F1890s%2Fevent%2Ffirst_women_elected_to_toronto_board_of_education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/black_history/big/big_25_common_schools.aspx">"The Common Schools Act"</a>. <i>www.archives.gov.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.archives.gov.on.ca&rft.atitle=The+Common+Schools+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov.on.ca%2Fen%2Fexplore%2Fonline%2Fblack_history%2Fbig%2Fbig_25_common_schools.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/the_common_school_act">"1850 Common School Act"</a>. <i>www.1845rr1945.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.1845rr1945.ca&rft.atitle=1850+Common+School+Act&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1845rr1945.ca%2Ftimeline%2Fthemes%2Feducational_reform%2Fthe_common_school_act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/the_common_school_act?assetnodeid=687">"1850 Common School Act"</a>. <i>www.1845rr1945.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.1845rr1945.ca&rft.atitle=1850+Common+School+Act&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1845rr1945.ca%2Ftimeline%2Fthemes%2Feducational_reform%2Fthe_common_school_act%3Fassetnodeid%3D687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBateman2017" class="citation web cs1">Bateman, Chris (2017-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacing.ca/toronto/2017/06/13/short-mysterious-life-beard-building/">"The short, mysterious life of the Beard Building"</a>. <i>Spacing Toronto</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spacing+Toronto&rft.atitle=The+short%2C+mysterious+life+of+the+Beard+Building&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft.aulast=Bateman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacing.ca%2Ftoronto%2F2017%2F06%2F13%2Fshort-mysterious-life-beard-building%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/barber_george_anthony_10E.html">"Biography – BARBER, GEORGE ANTHONY – Volume X (1871–1880) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"</a>. <i>www.biographi.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+BARBER%2C+GEORGE+ANTHONY+%E2%80%93+Volume+X+%281871%E2%80%931880%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fbarber_george_anthony_10E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/george-anthony-barber">"George Anthony Barber"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=George+Anthony+Barber&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fgeorge-anthony-barber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHoustonPrentice1988" class="citation book cs1">Houston, Susan E.; Prentice, Alison L. (1988). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schoolingscholar0000hous"><i>Schooling and Scholars in Nineteenth-century Ontario</i></a></span>. University of Toronto Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schoolingscholar0000hous/page/269">269</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802058010" title="Special:BookSources/9780802058010"><bdi>9780802058010</bdi></a>. <q>reverend james porter toronto.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schooling+and+Scholars+in+Nineteenth-century+Ontario&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780802058010&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=Susan+E.&rft.au=Prentice%2C+Alison+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschoolingscholar0000hous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:6-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f7HEBw0pXxEC&q=james+porter&pg=RA8-PA67"><i>Report of the Minister of Education</i></a>. Ontario Education Department. 1865.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Minister+of+Education&rft.pub=Ontario+Education+Department&rft.date=1865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df7HEBw0pXxEC%26q%3Djames%2Bporter%26pg%3DRA8-PA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article//james-laughlin-hughes">"James Laughlin Hughes"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=James+Laughlin+Hughes&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2F%2Fjames-laughlin-hughes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPrentice1984" class="citation journal cs1">Prentice, Alison (1984-06-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MCR/article/view/17206">"From Household to School House: The Emergence of the Teacher as Servant of the State"</a>. <i>Material Culture Review / Revue de la culture matérielle</i>. <b>20</b>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/1927-9264">1927-9264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Material+Culture+Review+%2F+Revue+de+la+culture+mat%C3%A9rielle&rft.atitle=From+Household+to+School+House%3A+The+Emergence+of+the+Teacher+as+Servant+of+the+State&rft.volume=20&rft.date=1984-06-06&rft.issn=1927-9264&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2FMCR%2Farticle%2Fview%2F17206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/industrial_schools_act_passed_in_ontario?assetnodeid=1084">"Industrial Schools Act"</a>. <i>www.1845rr1945.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.1845rr1945.ca&rft.atitle=Industrial+Schools+Act&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1845rr1945.ca%2Ftimeline%2Fthemes%2Feducational_reform%2Findustrial_schools_act_passed_in_ontario%3Fassetnodeid%3D1084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBennett1988" class="citation journal cs1">Bennett, Paul (May 1988). "Taming "Bad Boys" of the "Dangerous Class": Child Rescue and Restraint at the Victoria Industrial School 1887–1935". <i>Histoire Sociale/Social History</i>. <b>21</b> (41): 71–96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histoire+Sociale%2FSocial+History&rft.atitle=Taming+%22Bad+Boys%22+of+the+%22Dangerous+Class%22%3A+Child+Rescue+and+Restraint+at+the+Victoria+Industrial+School+1887%E2%80%931935&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=71-96&rft.date=1988-05&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFIozzo2000" class="citation book cs1">Iozzo, Alessandra (2000). <i>In the 'Best Interests of the Chiid?' : The Industrial School System in late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Ontario</i>. Ottawa, ON: Carleton University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+%27Best+Interests+of+the+Chiid%3F%27+%3A+The+Industrial+School+System+in+late+Nineteenth+and+Early+Twentieth+Century+Ontario&rft.place=Ottawa%2C+ON&rft.pub=Carleton+University&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Iozzo&rft.aufirst=Alessandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHogeveen2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hogeveen, Bryan (May 2009). "Accounting for Violence at the Victoria Industrial School". <i>Histoire Sociale/Social History</i>. <b>42</b> (83): 147–174. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fhis.0.0057">10.1353/his.0.0057</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145499107">145499107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histoire+Sociale%2FSocial+History&rft.atitle=Accounting+for+Violence+at+the+Victoria+Industrial+School&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=83&rft.pages=147-174&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fhis.0.0057&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145499107%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hogeveen&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNeff1994–1995" class="citation journal cs1">Neff, Charlotte (1994–1995). "The Ontario Industrial Schools Act of 1874". <i>Canadian Journal of Family Law</i>. <b>12</b>: 171–208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Family+Law&rft.atitle=The+Ontario+Industrial+Schools+Act+of+1874&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=171-208&rft.date=1994%2F1995&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDomagala2011" class="citation web cs1">Domagala, Gene (2011-10-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beachmetro.com/2011/10/19/east-school-wayward-girls-flourished/">"East End school for wayward girls flourished"</a>. <i>Beach Metro Community News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beach+Metro+Community+News&rft.atitle=East+End+school+for+wayward+girls+flourished&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft.aulast=Domagala&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beachmetro.com%2F2011%2F10%2F19%2Feast-school-wayward-girls-flourished%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ao.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/ARCH_AUTHORITY/AUTH_DESC_DET_REP/SISN%207155?SESSIONSEARCH">"Archives of Ontario"</a>. <i>ao.minisisinc.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ao.minisisinc.com&rft.atitle=Archives+of+Ontario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fao.minisisinc.com%2Fscripts%2Fmwimain.dll%2F144%2FARCH_AUTHORITY%2FAUTH_DESC_DET_REP%2FSISN%25207155%3FSESSIONSEARCH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNeff2011" class="citation journal cs1">Neff, Charlotte (2011). "The Role of the Toronto Girls' Home, 1863–1910". <i>Journal of Family History</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 286–31. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0363199011407030">10.1177/0363199011407030</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21898964">21898964</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8007028">8007028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Family+History&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+the+Toronto+Girls%27+Home%2C+1863%E2%80%931910&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=286-31&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8007028%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21898964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0363199011407030&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/grasett_henry_james_1808_82_11E.html">"Biography – GRASETT, HENRY JAMES – Volume XI (1881–1890) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"</a>. <i>www.biographi.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+GRASETT%2C+HENRY+JAMES+%E2%80%93+Volume+XI+%281881%E2%80%931890%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fgrasett_henry_james_1808_82_11E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/technology/central_technical_school">"Central Technical School"</a>. <i>www.1845rr1945.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.1845rr1945.ca&rft.atitle=Central+Technical+School&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1845rr1945.ca%2Ftimeline%2Fthemes%2Ftechnology%2Fcentral_technical_school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1845rr1945.ca/timeline/themes/educational_reform/toronto_board_of_education_created">"Toronto Board of Education Formed"</a>. <i>www.1845rr1945.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.1845rr1945.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+Board+of+Education+Formed&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1845rr1945.ca%2Ftimeline%2Fthemes%2Feducational_reform%2Ftoronto_board_of_education_created&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Journal-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Journal_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journal_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/BPL_Images/New_Journal_Samples/juaf0735-2166~23~5/104.PDF">http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/BPL_Images/New_Journal_Samples/juaf0735-2166~23~5/104.PDF</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.metropolicyarchive.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/HSS-1146450-1960D_MSBT-Minutes-1960.pdf">http://www.metropolicyarchive.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/HSS-1146450-1960D_MSBT-Minutes-1960.pdf</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.library.ryerson.ca/index.php/metropolitan-toronto-school-board-offices">"Metropolitan Toronto School Board offices - Archives & Special Collections"</a>. <i>archives.library.ryerson.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.library.ryerson.ca&rft.atitle=Metropolitan+Toronto+School+Board+offices+-+Archives+%26+Special+Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.library.ryerson.ca%2Findex.php%2Fmetropolitan-toronto-school-board-offices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torontoplaques.com/Pages/York_Mills_Public_School.html">"York Mills Public School Historical Plaque"</a>. <i>torontoplaques.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=torontoplaques.com&rft.atitle=York+Mills+Public+School+Historical+Plaque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftorontoplaques.com%2FPages%2FYork_Mills_Public_School.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Behieldsp133-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Behieldsp133_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behieldsp133_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Behiels, Michael D. <i>La francophonie canadienne: renouveau constitutionnel et gouvernance scolaire</i> (Issue 12 of Collection Amérique française, ISSN 1480-4735). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Ottawa_Press" title="University of Ottawa Press">University of Ottawa Press</a>, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/2760306003" title="Special:BookSources/2760306003">2760306003</a>, 9782760306004. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tZxojszq4ZAC&pg=PA133">133</a>. "Le Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto (CEFCUT), le 1<sup>er</sup> décembre 1988, s'établit dans un climat beaucoup moins acrimonieux qu'à Ottawa-Carleton. Jusqu'en 1987, les conseils scolaires de Toronto, North York et Scarborough ainsi que leurs CCLF gèrent les classes et les écoles de langue française qui accueillent près de 1700 élèves. En janvier 1987, le ministre de l'Éducation Sean Conway crée un comité de travail de portée générale afin de planifier la mise en train du CEFCUT. En février 1988, le comité présente son rapport final unanime au nouveau conseil scolaire."</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Frenchspeaking-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frenchspeaking_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YH4xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=c6QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2503,331302&dq=metropolitan+catholic+separate+school+board+english+french&hl=en">Toronto has 7 public schools for French-speaking children</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a></i> (CP) at <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a></i>. Wednesday May 21, 1980. p. 66. Retrieved from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a> (66 of 141) on July 24, 2013.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heller, Monica. <i>Crosswords: Language, Education and Ethnicity in French Ontario</i> (Mouton Select Series). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/3110176874" title="Special:BookSources/3110176874">3110176874</a>, 9783110176872. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aCDunDNa_fQC&pg=PA243">243</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/01/01/amalgamation_10_years_later.html">"Amalgamation: 10 years later | The Star"</a>. <i>thestar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com&rft.atitle=Amalgamation%3A+10+years+later+%7C+The+Star&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2F01%2F01%2Famalgamation_10_years_later.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CollegeStreet-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CollegeStreet_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/1999/agendas/council/cc/cc990413/ud5rpt/cl020.htm">City of Toronto Council and Committees School Board Lands</a>." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130723204349/http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/1999/agendas/council/cc/cc990413/ud5rpt/cl020.htm">Archive</a>). City of Toronto. March 26, 1999. Retrieved on July 23, 2013. "The TDSB administrative capital management strategy identifies the former Toronto Board of Education's facility at 155 College Street as the main headquarters of the new School Board, for its sole use."</span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961208221925/http://nybe.interlog.com/">Home page</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/19961208221925/http://nybe.interlog.com/">Archive</a>) North York Board of Education. Retrieved on November 12, 2010. "5050 Yonge Street, North York, Ontario Canada, M2N 5N8, 416-395-4661"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=171&menuid=668&pageid=534">"Toronto District School Board"</a>. <i>Tdsb.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2F_site%2FViewItem.asp%3Fsiteid%3D171%26menuid%3D668%26pageid%3D534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFConnelly,_Gerry2006" class="citation web cs1">Connelly, Gerry (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/about_us/director/docs/TDSBAnnReport0405Rev.pdf">"A Message from the Director"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Director's Annual Report,2004-05</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Director%27s+Annual+Report%2C2004-05&rft.atitle=A+Message+from+the+Director&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Connelly%2C+Gerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2Fwwwdocuments%2Fabout_us%2Fdirector%2Fdocs%2FTDSBAnnReport0405Rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/aboutUs/">About Us</a>." Toronto District School Board. Retrieved on June 8, 2012.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-auto-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=91&menuid=314&pageid=242">"Toronto District School Board"</a>. <i>Tdsb.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2F_site%2FViewItem.asp%3Fsiteid%3D91%26menuid%3D314%26pageid%3D242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/viewItem.asp?siteid=199&menuid=973&pageid=711">"Toronto District School Board"</a>. <i>Tdsb.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2F_site%2FviewItem.asp%3Fsiteid%3D199%26menuid%3D973%26pageid%3D711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?siteid=10274&menuid=15686&pageid=13877">"Toronto District School Board"</a>. <i>tdsb.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftdsb.on.ca%2F_site%2FViewItem.asp%3Fsiteid%3D10274%26menuid%3D15686%26pageid%3D13877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121180132/http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/programs/Equity_in_Education/docs/Equitable%20Schools%20Newsletter%20Jan-Feb%202009.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/programs/Equity_in_Education/docs/Equitable%20Schools%20Newsletter%20Jan-Feb%202009.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2Fwwwdocuments%2Fprograms%2FEquity_in_Education%2Fdocs%2FEquitable%2520Schools%2520Newsletter%2520Jan-Feb%25202009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/AboutUs/International/docs/TDS088%20Study%20In%20Canada%20jk-12%282panel%29finalsWEBlores.pdf">"Toronto District School Board"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. TDSB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.pub=TDSB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2FPortals%2F0%2FAboutUs%2FInternational%2Fdocs%2FTDS088%2520Study%2520In%2520Canada%2520jk-12%25282panel%2529finalsWEBlores.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Chair-of-the-Board">"Toronto District School Board > Leadership > Trustees > Chair of the Board"</a>. <i>www.tdsb.on.ca</i>. TDSB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board+%3E+Leadership+%3E+Trustees+%3E+Chair+of+the+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2FLeadership%2FTrustees%2FChair-of-the-Board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Leadership/Trustees/Vice-Chair-of-the-Board">"Toronto District School Board > Leadership > Trustees > Vice Chair of the Board"</a>. <i>www.tdsb.on.ca</i>. TDSB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board+%3E+Leadership+%3E+Trustees+%3E+Vice+Chair+of+the+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2FLeadership%2FTrustees%2FVice-Chair-of-the-Board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tdsb.on.ca/About-Us/Director-of-Education">"Director of Education - Karen Falconer"</a>. <i>tdsb.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Director+of+Education+-+Karen+Falconer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftdsb.on.ca%2FAbout-Us%2FDirector-of-Education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-tdsb.on.ca-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tdsb.on.ca_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdsb.on.ca_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1572/Karen-Falconer-Appointed-TDSB-Interim-Director-of-Education-">"Karen Falconer Appointed TDSB Interim Director of Education"</a>. <i>Toronto District School Board</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.atitle=Karen+Falconer+Appointed+TDSB+Interim+Director+of+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftdsb.on.ca%2FNews%2FArticle-Details%2FArtMID%2F474%2FArticleID%2F1572%2FKaren-Falconer-Appointed-TDSB-Interim-Director-of-Education-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cp24.com/news/tdsb-s-new-interim-director-leaving-by-mid-october-1.5047342?cache=">"TDSB's new interim director leaving by mid-October"</a>. <i>CP24</i>. CP24. 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CP24&rft.atitle=TDSB%27s+new+interim+director+leaving+by+mid-October&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp24.com%2Fnews%2Ftdsb-s-new-interim-director-leaving-by-mid-october-1.5047342%3Fcache%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoard" class="citation web cs1">Board, Toronto District School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/_site/ViewItem.asp?pageid=3384">"Toronto District School Board"</a>. <i>Tdsb.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tdsb.on.ca&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.aulast=Board&rft.aufirst=Toronto+District+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2F_site%2FViewItem.asp%3Fpageid%3D3384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWinsa2012" class="citation web cs1">Winsa, Patti (16 Nov 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2012/11/16/skateboard_academy_dude_alternative_schools_gathering_considers_four_new_concepts.html">"Skateboard academy, dude? Alternative schools gathering considers four new concepts"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Skateboard+academy%2C+dude%3F+Alternative+schools+gathering+considers+four+new+concepts&rft.date=2012-11-16&rft.aulast=Winsa&rft.aufirst=Patti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fyourtoronto%2Feducation%2F2012%2F11%2F16%2Fskateboard_academy_dude_alternative_schools_gathering_considers_four_new_concepts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHong2017" class="citation news cs1">Hong, Jackie (May 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/05/01/tdsb-director-commits-to-anti-racism-training-at-black-lives-matter-walkout.html">"TDSB Director Commits to Anti-Racism Training at Black Lives Matter Walkout"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=TDSB+Director+Commits+to+Anti-Racism+Training+at+Black+Lives+Matter+Walkout&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2F2017%2F05%2F01%2Ftdsb-director-commits-to-anti-racism-training-at-black-lives-matter-walkout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toronto.citynews.ca/2019/06/04/tdsb-revises-dress-code/">"TDSB revises dress code, allowing crop-tops and spaghetti straps - CityNews Toronto"</a>. <i>toronto.citynews.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toronto.citynews.ca&rft.atitle=TDSB+revises+dress+code%2C+allowing+crop-tops+and+spaghetti+straps+-+CityNews+Toronto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoronto.citynews.ca%2F2019%2F06%2F04%2Ftdsb-revises-dress-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5350309/tdsb-school-dress-code-changes-2019/">"Toronto school board changes student dress code policy, starting this fall"</a>. <i>Global News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Toronto+school+board+changes+student+dress+code+policy%2C+starting+this+fall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5350309%2Ftdsb-school-dress-code-changes-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trish Worron, "Education democracy an illusion", <i>Toronto Star</i>, 12 July 2003, F6.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2006review-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2006review_72-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKevin_DonovanMoira_Welsh2012" class="citation news cs1">Kevin Donovan; Moira Welsh (July 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1221725--tdsb-was-warned-in-2007-about-spending-problems">"TDSB was warned in 2006 about spending problems"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=TDSB+was+warned+in+2006+about+spending+problems&rft.date=2012-07-04&rft.au=Kevin+Donovan&rft.au=Moira+Welsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Farticle%2F1221725--tdsb-was-warned-in-2007-about-spending-problems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Principalquestion-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Principalquestion_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2012" class="citation news cs1">Donovan, Kevin (June 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1215445--popular-tdsb-principal-backed-by-his-association">"Popular TDSB principal backed by his association"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Popular+TDSB+principal+backed+by+his+association&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Farticle%2F1215445--popular-tdsb-principal-backed-by-his-association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pencilshapernersignskitchen-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pencilshapernersignskitchen_74-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMoira_WelshKevin_Donovan2012" class="citation news cs1">Moira Welsh; Kevin Donovan (June 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/article/1214758--toronto-schools-pay-high-prices-for-small-jobs">"Toronto schools pay high prices for small jobs"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Toronto+schools+pay+high+prices+for+small+jobs&rft.date=2012-06-21&rft.au=Moira+Welsh&rft.au=Kevin+Donovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F1214758--toronto-schools-pay-high-prices-for-small-jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cost_of_fixing_TDSB_locks_less_than_originally_estimated_75-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2014" class="citation news cs1">Donovan, Kevin (July 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/07/07/cost_of_fixing_tdsb_locks_less_than_originally_estimated.html">"Cost of fixing TDSB locks less than originally estimated"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cost+of+fixing+TDSB+locks+less+than+originally+estimated&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2F2014%2F07%2F07%2Fcost_of_fixing_tdsb_locks_less_than_originally_estimated.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ransom-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ransom_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ransom_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ransom_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ransom_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKevin_DonovanMoira_Welsh2012" class="citation news cs1">Kevin Donovan; Moira Welsh (July 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1231898--toronto-school-board-will-hand-over-work-order-data-for-3-5-million">"Toronto school board will hand over work order data — for $3.6 million"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Toronto+school+board+will+hand+over+work+order+data+%E2%80%94+for+%243.6+million&rft.date=2012-07-25&rft.au=Kevin+Donovan&rft.au=Moira+Welsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2Farticle%2F1231898--toronto-school-board-will-hand-over-work-order-data-for-3-5-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2012financecrisis-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012financecrisis_77-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRob_FergusonLouise_Brown2012" class="citation news cs1">Rob Ferguson; Louise Brown (October 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/education/article/1267163--toronto-school-board-cost-overruns-province-warns-supervisor-may-be-sent-in-to-run-board">"Toronto school board cost overruns: Province warns supervisor may be sent in to run board"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Toronto+school+board+cost+overruns%3A+Province+warns+supervisor+may+be+sent+in+to+run+board&rft.date=2012-10-04&rft.au=Rob+Ferguson&rft.au=Louise+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2Feducation%2Farticle%2F1267163--toronto-school-board-cost-overruns-province-warns-supervisor-may-be-sent-in-to-run-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Outsidecontracts-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Outsidecontracts_78-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKevin_DonovanMoira_Welsh2012" class="citation news cs1">Kevin Donovan; Moira Welsh (June 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/1216604--tdsb-trades-council-gets-a-cut-of-outside-contractors-work">"TDSB trades council gets a cut of outside contractors' work"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=TDSB+trades+council+gets+a+cut+of+outside+contractors%27+work&rft.date=2012-06-25&rft.au=Kevin+Donovan&rft.au=Moira+Welsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2Farticle%2F1216604--tdsb-trades-council-gets-a-cut-of-outside-contractors-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMoira_WelshKevin_Donovan2012" class="citation news cs1">Moira Welsh; Kevin Donovan (July 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1225253--tdsb-trustees-want-to-end-0-5-per-cent-surcharge-to-union">"TDSB trustees want to end 0.5 per cent surcharge to union"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=TDSB+trustees+want+to+end+0.5+per+cent+surcharge+to+union&rft.date=2012-07-11&rft.au=Moira+Welsh&rft.au=Kevin+Donovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Farticle%2F1225253--tdsb-trustees-want-to-end-0-5-per-cent-surcharge-to-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHammr2012" class="citation news cs1">Hammr, Kate (December 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/tdsb-workers-used-public-funds-for-personal-business-manager-says/article6593891/">"TDSB workers used public funds for personal business, manager says"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=TDSB+workers+used+public+funds+for+personal+business%2C+manager+says&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft.aulast=Hammr&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Ftoronto%2Ftdsb-workers-used-public-funds-for-personal-business-manager-says%2Farticle6593891%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Councilcontract-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Councilcontract_81-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2013" class="citation news cs1">Donovan, Kevin (January 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1310871--tdsb-says-politics-behind-liberal-decision-to-back-jimmy-hazel-s-trades-council">"TDSB says politics behind Liberal decision to back Jimmy Hazel's trades council"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=TDSB+says+politics+behind+Liberal+decision+to+back+Jimmy+Hazel%27s+trades+council&rft.date=2013-01-04&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F1310871--tdsb-says-politics-behind-liberal-decision-to-back-jimmy-hazel-s-trades-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/communications/newsrelease/2001/december/dec_14.htm">"Trustee Sam Basra Temporarily Withdraws from Board Duties"</a>. <i>Toronto District School Board</i>. Toronto, ON. December 14, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.atitle=Trustee+Sam+Basra+Temporarily+Withdraws+from+Board+Duties&rft.date=2001-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdsb.on.ca%2Fcommunications%2Fnewsrelease%2F2001%2Fdecember%2Fdec_14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Keung and Kristin Rushowy, "Toronto School Board sued for bias," Toronto Star, 8 December 2001, E3.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJames2007" class="citation news cs1">James, Royson (November 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/comment/columnists/article/277427">"Black schools in focus"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. Toronto<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Black+schools+in+focus&rft.date=2007-11-18&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Royson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fcomment%2Fcolumnists%2Farticle%2F277427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2008" class="citation news cs1">Solomon, Galit (November 7, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/africentric-school-starts-to-gear-up-1.340693">"Africentric school starts to gear up"</a>. <i>CTV</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV&rft.atitle=Africentric+school+starts+to+gear+up&rft.date=2008-11-07&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Galit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoronto.ctvnews.ca%2Fafricentric-school-starts-to-gear-up-1.340693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/graffiti-david-hornell-school-1.3853065">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/graffiti-david-hornell-school-1.3853065</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontosun.com/2016/11/18/report-any-acts-of-hate-to-police-tdsb">"Report 'any acts of hate' to police: TDSB"</a>. <i>torontosun</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=torontosun&rft.atitle=Report+%27any+acts+of+hate%27+to+police%3A+TDSB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2F2016%2F11%2F18%2Freport-any-acts-of-hate-to-police-tdsb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4154391/toronto-school-anti-semitic-graffiti/">"Toronto school sends letter to parents after student poster defaced with anti-Semitic graffiti"</a>. <i>Global News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Toronto+school+sends+letter+to+parents+after+student+poster+defaced+with+anti-Semitic+graffiti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F4154391%2Ftoronto-school-anti-semitic-graffiti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCruickshank2017" class="citation news cs1">Cruickshank, Ainslie (December 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/12/07/toronto-music-teacher-sues-for-defamation-after-principal-vp-call-folk-song-land-of-the-silver-birch-racist.html">"Toronto music teacher sues after principal, VP call folk song racist"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Toronto+music+teacher+sues+after+principal%2C+VP+call+folk+song+racist&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.aulast=Cruickshank&rft.aufirst=Ainslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2F2017%2F12%2F07%2Ftoronto-music-teacher-sues-for-defamation-after-principal-vp-call-folk-song-land-of-the-silver-birch-racist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/etobicoke-school-black-list-1.4724307">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/etobicoke-school-black-list-1.4724307</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://byblacks.com/main-menu-mobile/news-mobile/item/1979-community-pushes-back-on-blacklist-principal-in-etobicoke">https://byblacks.com/main-menu-mobile/news-mobile/item/1979-community-pushes-back-on-blacklist-principal-in-etobicoke</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/05/14/school-administrators-on-leave-as-tdsb-investigates-allegations-of-racist-bullying.html">"School administrators on leave as TDSB investigates allegations of racist bullying"</a>. <i>thestar.com</i>. May 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com&rft.atitle=School+administrators+on+leave+as+TDSB+investigates+allegations+of+racist+bullying&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2F2019%2F05%2F14%2Fschool-administrators-on-leave-as-tdsb-investigates-allegations-of-racist-bullying.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_teacher_back_in_class_after_posting_explicit_brochures_93-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFYuen2013" class="citation news cs1">Yuen, Jenny (May 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/28/tdsb-teacher-back-in-class-after-posting-explicit-brochures">"TDSB teacher back in class after posting explicit brochures"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=TDSB+teacher+back+in+class+after+posting+explicit+brochures&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft.aulast=Yuen&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2013%2F05%2F28%2Ftdsb-teacher-back-in-class-after-posting-explicit-brochures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Someone_at_the_TDSB_ought_to_be_fired_over_explicit_sex-ed_brochures_in_classroom_94-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFArtuso2013" class="citation news cs1">Artuso, Antonella (May 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/07/someone-at-the-tdsb-ought-to-be-fired-over-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-classroom">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Someone at the TDSB ought to be fired' over explicit sex-ed brochures in classroom"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=%27Someone+at+the+TDSB+ought+to+be+fired%27+over+explicit+sex-ed+brochures+in+classroom&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft.aulast=Artuso&rft.aufirst=Antonella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2013%2F05%2F07%2Fsomeone-at-the-tdsb-ought-to-be-fired-over-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-classroom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2013" class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Terry (May 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/06/tdsb-teacher-posts-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-grade-7-8-class">"TDSB teacher posts explicit sex-ed brochures in Grade 7-8 class"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=TDSB+teacher+posts+explicit+sex-ed+brochures+in+Grade+7-8+class&rft.date=2013-05-06&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2013%2F05%2F06%2Ftdsb-teacher-posts-explicit-sex-ed-brochures-in-grade-7-8-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TDSB_should_contact_police_about_sexual_brochures_in_classroom_96-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWarmington2013" class="citation news cs1">Warmington, Joe (May 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/08/tdsb-should-contact-police-about-sexual-brochures-in-classroom">"TDSB should contact police about sexual brochures in classroom"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=TDSB+should+contact+police+about+sexual+brochures+in+classroom&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft.aulast=Warmington&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2013%2F05%2F08%2Ftdsb-should-contact-police-about-sexual-brochures-in-classroom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFYuen2014" class="citation news cs1">Yuen, Jenny (May 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/29/police-investigating-sex-brochures-at-toronto-school">"Police investigating sex brochures at Toronto school"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Police+investigating+sex+brochures+at+Toronto+school&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.aulast=Yuen&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2013%2F05%2F29%2Fpolice-investigating-sex-brochures-at-toronto-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Terry (June 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/2013/06/07/no-charges-for-sex-brochures-in-toronto-school">"No charges for sex brochures in Toronto school"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=No+charges+for+sex+brochures+in+Toronto+school&rft.date=2014-06-07&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2F2013%2F06%2F07%2Fno-charges-for-sex-brochures-in-toronto-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/vitalsigns/2014/10/07/vital_signs_report_toronto_foundation_how_is_the_city_doing.html">"Vital Signs Report, Toronto Foundation: How is the city doing? | Toronto Star"</a>. <i>thestar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com&rft.atitle=Vital+Signs+Report%2C+Toronto+Foundation%3A+How+is+the+city+doing%3F+%7C+Toronto+Star&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fgta%2Fvitalsigns%2F2014%2F10%2F07%2Fvital_signs_report_toronto_foundation_how_is_the_city_doing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Duffyhistory-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duffyhistory_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, Andrew. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/437099889.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=Andrew%20Duffy%20TORONTO%20STAR&pub=Toronto%20Star&edition=&startpage=&desc=See%20related%20stories%20on%20page%20A1%20and%20A6%20West-end%20high%20school%20had%20history%20of%20violence,%20gangs">See related stories on page A1 and A6 West-end high school had history of violence, gangs</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. October 21, 1994. Retrieved on September 28, 2013. "Barry Stroud was principal of Brockton for four years until leaving in February to take over the Boyne River Natural Science School in Shelburne. (The school is operated by the Toronto board.)"; "The 17- year-old was stabbed, cut and bruised in the afternoon ambush that involved black and white students, police said. Another Brockton student was beaten and stabbed just minutes later. Police seized a gym bag full of weapons after the attack and at least four Brockton students were charged.", and "Brockton, built in the late 1960s as a vocational school, is slated to close in June because of declining enrolment." and "STAR COLOR PHOTO (Welsh): EMERGENCY TREATMENT: Brockton High School guidance counsellor [Ron Dagilis] is wheeled into Sunnybrook Health Science Centre after being shot in his office yesterday. MAP: Dufferin St. area - Brockton High School location STAR CHART AND DRAWING (Alfred Elicierto): What happened at Brockton High CHART (ONT edition): Crime in schools - list of 1993 incidents and number of reported offences 1990, 1993 " and "1990, 1993 Note Shocked and saddened Toronto school board officials struggled" and "It will re- open in the fall as Ursula Franklin Academy, described by board"</span>
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<li id="cite_note-shotinoffices-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shotinoffices_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shotinoffices_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/275339891.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=&pub=Waterloo%20Region%20Record&edition=&startpage=&desc=2%20Toronto%20teachers%20shot%20in%20offices">2 Toronto teachers shot in offices</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. October 21, 1994. Front p. A1. Retrieved on September 28, 2013.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncanson, John, Phinjo Gombu, and Joseph Hall. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/doc/437101099.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct%2021,%201994&author=John%20Duncanson,%20Phinjo%20Gombu%20and%20Joseph%20Hall%20TORONTO%20STAR&pub=Toronto%20Star&edition=&startpage=&desc=Two%20teachers%20shot%20at%20high%20school">Two teachers shot at high school</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. October 21, 1994. News p. A1. Retrieved on September 30, 2013.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cp24.com/a-look-back-at-the-murder-of-jordan-manners-1.646294">"A look back at the murder of Jordan Manners"</a>. <i>Cp24.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cp24.com&rft.atitle=A+look+back+at+the+murder+of+Jordan+Manners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp24.com%2Fa-look-back-at-the-murder-of-jordan-manners-1.646294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/response-to-school-safety-report-lukewarm/article17986414/">"Response to school safety report lukewarm"</a>. <i>Theglobeandmail.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theglobeandmail.com&rft.atitle=Response+to+school+safety+report+lukewarm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fresponse-to-school-safety-report-lukewarm%2Farticle17986414%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_105-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falconerschoolsafetyreport.com/pdf/executive_summary.pdf">"THE ROAD TO HEALTH: A FINAL REPORT ON SCHOOL SAFETY"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Falconerschoolsafetyreport.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Falconerschoolsafetyreport.com&rft.atitle=THE+ROAD+TO+HEALTH%3A+A+FINAL+REPORT+ON+SCHOOL+SAFETY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.falconerschoolsafetyreport.com%2Fpdf%2Fexecutive_summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Bendaleshooting-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bendaleshooting_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bendaleshooting_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2010/10/06/tor-central-tech-shooting-charges.htmll">"Teen shot, injured at Canadian high school"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. September 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Teen+shot%2C+injured+at+Canadian+high+school&rft.date=2008-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Fstory%2F2010%2F10%2F06%2Ftor-central-tech-shooting-charges.htmll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Bloorstabbing-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloorstabbing_108-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFerenc2009" class="citation news cs1">Ferenc, Leslie (September 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/695444">"Bloor Collegiate student stabbed"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Bloor+Collegiate+student+stabbed&rft.date=2009-09-14&rft.aulast=Ferenc&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2FNews%2FGTA%2Farticle%2F695444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Morrow-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morrow_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2011" class="citation web cs1">Morrow, Adrian (July 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/hindu-group-criticizes-toronto-schools-muslim-prayer-sessions/article585556/">"Hindu Group Criticizes Toronto School's Muslim Prayer Sessions"</a>. The Globe and Mail.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hindu+Group+Criticizes+Toronto+School%27s+Muslim+Prayer+Sessions&rft.pub=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.date=2011-07-04&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Ftoronto%2Fhindu-group-criticizes-toronto-schools-muslim-prayer-sessions%2Farticle585556%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTeitel2011" class="citation web cs1">Teitel, Emma (July 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/opposing-prayer-in-toronto-public-schools-with-dignity/">"Opposing prayer in Toronto public schools, with dignity"</a>. <i>Maclean's</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Opposing+prayer+in+Toronto+public+schools%2C+with+dignity&rft.date=2011-07-27&rft.aulast=Teitel&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fopposing-prayer-in-toronto-public-schools-with-dignity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Review-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Review_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review_116-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review_116-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWilson2015" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Margaret (January 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/new/2015/TDSBReview2015.pdf">"Review of the Toronto District School Board"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ontario Ministry of Education.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+Toronto+District+School+Board&rft.pub=Ontario+Ministry+of+Education&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edu.gov.on.ca%2Feng%2Fnew%2F2015%2FTDSBReview2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHowlett2015" class="citation web cs1">Howlett, Karen (January 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/minister-describes-tdsb-problems-as-threat-to-students-culture-of-fear/article22484218/">"Minister Describes TDSB Problems as Threat to Students, 'Culture of Fear<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. Globe and Mail.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minister+Describes+TDSB+Problems+as+Threat+to+Students%2C+%27Culture+of+Fear%27&rft.pub=Globe+and+Mail&rft.date=2015-01-16&rft.aulast=Howlett&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Ftoronto%2Fminister-describes-tdsb-problems-as-threat-to-students-culture-of-fear%2Farticle22484218%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFKristinAndrew-Gee2015" class="citation web cs1">Kristin, Rushowy; Andrew-Gee, Eric (April 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2015/04/10/toronto-school-board-hid-camera-in-principals-office.html">"Toronto School Board Hid Camera in Principal's Office"</a>. Toronto Star.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toronto+School+Board+Hid+Camera+in+Principal%27s+Office&rft.pub=Toronto+Star&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft.aulast=Kristin&rft.aufirst=Rushowy&rft.au=Andrew-Gee%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fyourtoronto%2Feducation%2F2015%2F04%2F10%2Ftoronto-school-board-hid-camera-in-principals-office.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBrown2016" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Louise (February 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/education/2016/02/12/for-new-head-of-troubled-tdsb-its-all-about-moving-forward.html">"For New Head of Troubled TDSB, It's All About Moving Forward"</a>. Toronto Star.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+New+Head+of+Troubled+TDSB%2C+It%27s+All+About+Moving+Forward&rft.pub=Toronto+Star&rft.date=2016-02-12&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fyourtoronto%2Feducation%2F2016%2F02%2F12%2Ffor-new-head-of-troubled-tdsb-its-all-about-moving-forward.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBoisvert2017" class="citation news cs1">Boisvert, Nick (October 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tdsb-chief-titles-1.4350079">"Toronto District School Board to Remove 'Chief' From Job Titles Out of Respect for Indigenous Communities"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Toronto+District+School+Board+to+Remove+%27Chief%27+From+Job+Titles+Out+of+Respect+for+Indigenous+Communities&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft.aulast=Boisvert&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Ftdsb-chief-titles-1.4350079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGee2017" class="citation news cs1">Gee, Marcus (October 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/what-exactly-is-the-toronto-district-school-boards-chief-problem/article36589003/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&">"What Exactly is the Toronto District School Board's 'Chief' Problem?"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=What+Exactly+is+the+Toronto+District+School+Board%27s+%27Chief%27+Problem%3F&rft.date=2017-10-13&rft.aulast=Gee&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.theglobeandmail.com%2Fopinion%2Fwhat-exactly-is-the-toronto-district-school-boards-chief-problem%2Farticle36589003%2F%3Fref%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFox" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/students-at-toronto-elementary-school-may-have-been-exposed-to-covid-19-1.4844658">"Students at Toronto elementary school may have been exposed to COVID-19"</a>. <i>ctvnews</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ctvnews&rft.atitle=Students+at+Toronto+elementary+school+may+have+been+exposed+to+COVID-19&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoronto.ctvnews.ca%2Fstudents-at-toronto-elementary-school-may-have-been-exposed-to-covid-19-1.4844658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5495075">https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5495075</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontosun.com/news/provincial/ford-govt-punts-school-reopenings-to-local-boards">"Ford gov't punts school reopenings to local boards"</a>. <i>torontosun</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=torontosun&rft.atitle=Ford+gov%27t+punts+school+reopenings+to+local+boards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Fnews%2Fprovincial%2Fford-govt-punts-school-reopenings-to-local-boards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cp24.com/mobile/news/tdsb-to-issue-report-cards-electronically-but-parents-of-secondary-students-will-have-to-wait-to-july-1.4989730">https://www.cp24.com/mobile/news/tdsb-to-issue-report-cards-electronically-but-parents-of-secondary-students-will-have-to-wait-to-july-1.4989730</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1499/Ministry-of-Education-Announces-School-Reopening-Plans">https://www.tdsb.on.ca/News/Article-Details/ArtMID/474/ArticleID/1499/Ministry-of-Education-Announces-School-Reopening-Plans</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/04/tdsb-new-plan-school-reopening/">https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/08/04/tdsb-new-plan-school-reopening/</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/7286194/tdsb-plan-cut-class-sizes-neighbourhoods-risk-coronavirus/">"New TDSB plan cuts class sizes in neighbourhoods with highest risk of COVID-19"</a>. <i>Global News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=New+TDSB+plan+cuts+class+sizes+in+neighbourhoods+with+highest+risk+of+COVID-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F7286194%2Ftdsb-plan-cut-class-sizes-neighbourhoods-risk-coronavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/docs/Schools%20in%20the%20Highest-Risk%20Neighbourhoods%20for%20COVID-19%20Identified%20by%20To___.pdf">https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/docs/Schools%20in%20the%20Highest-Risk%20Neighbourhoods%20for%20COVID-19%20Identified%20by%20To___.pdf</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWestoll2018" class="citation web cs1">Westoll, Nick (April 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4141357/wexford-collegiate-toronto-teacher-charged/">"Toronto teacher charged in alleged sexual assault incidents at east-end high school"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Toronto+teacher+charged+in+alleged+sexual+assault+incidents+at+east-end+high+school&rft.date=2018-04-12&rft.aulast=Westoll&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F4141357%2Fwexford-collegiate-toronto-teacher-charged%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+District+School+Board" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/retired-tdsb-teacher-accused-of-historical-sex-assault">https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/retired-tdsb-teacher-accused-of-historical-sex-assault</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<ul><li>MacLellan, Duncan (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryerson_University" title="Ryerson University">Ryerson University</a> Department of Politics and Public Administration). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf">The Fewer Schools Boards Act and the Toronto District School Board: Educational Restructuring 1997- 2003</a>." (working paper) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6IMVa7msm?url=http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2007/MacLellan.pdf">Archive</a>) - Presented to the annual meeting of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Political_Science_Association" title="Canadian Political Science Association">Canadian Political Science Association</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Saskatchewan" title="University of Saskatchewan">University of Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, June 1, 2007.</li>
<li>Rushowy, Kristin. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/01/10/tdsbs_chris_spence_resigns_amid_growing_plagiarism_scandal.html">TDSB’s Chris Spence resigns amid growing plagiarism scandal</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. Thursday January 10, 2013.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toronto_District_School_Board" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Toronto District School Board"><span style="">Toronto District School Board</span></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdsb.on.ca/">Toronto District School Board official website</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.tbe.toronto.on.ca/">Toronto Board of Education</a> (Archive)</li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Toronto&#124;link=Toronto_Government_and_politics_of_Toronto" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Toronto_Government" title="Template:Toronto Government"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Toronto_Government" title="Template talk:Toronto Government"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Toronto_Government&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Toronto&#124;link=Toronto_Government_and_politics_of_Toronto" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto"><img alt="Toronto" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Toronto" title="Municipal government of Toronto">Government</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Toronto" title="Politics of Toronto">politics</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Toronto" title="Municipal government of Toronto">Municipal government</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Toronto_municipal_elections" title="List of Toronto municipal elections">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Police_Services_Board" title="Toronto Police Services Board">Police Services Board</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Toronto_Archives" title="City of Toronto Archives">Archives</a></li>
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<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Economic_Development_and_Culture_Division" title="Toronto Economic Development and Culture Division">Economic Development and Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Fire_Services" title="Toronto Fire Services">Fire Services</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_(CAN-TF3)_Heavy_Urban_Search_and_Rescue" title="Toronto (CAN-TF3) Heavy Urban Search and Rescue">Heavy Urban Search and Rescue</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Homes_for_the_Aged_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Homes for the Aged Division">Homes for the Aged</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Paramedic_Services" title="Toronto Paramedic Services">Paramedic Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Parks,_Forestry_and_Recreation_Division" title="Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division">Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Police Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Public_Health" title="Toronto Public Health">Public Health</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Public_Library" title="Toronto Public Library">Public Library</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Solid_Waste_Management" title="Toronto Solid Waste Management">Solid Waste Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Technical_Services_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Technical Services Division">Technical Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Transit Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Water" title="Toronto Water">Water</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City-owned corporations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Community_Housing" title="Toronto Community Housing">Community Housing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Hydro" title="Toronto Hydro">Hydro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Parking_Authority" title="Toronto Parking Authority">Parking Authority</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bike_Share_Toronto" title="Bike Share Toronto">Bike Share</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Zoo" title="Toronto Zoo">Zoo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toronto District School Board</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_de_district_catholique_Centre-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud">Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_City_of_Toronto" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Toronto" title="Template:Toronto"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Toronto" title="Template talk:Toronto"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Toronto&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_City_of_Toronto" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Toronto,_Canada.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Toronto, Canada.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/30px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/45px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg/60px-Flag_of_Toronto%2C_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">City of Toronto</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outline_of_Toronto" title="Outline of Toronto">General outline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto" title="Demographics of Toronto">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Name_of_Toronto" title="Name of Toronto">Name</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_of_Toronto" title="Flag of Toronto">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Toronto" title="Coat of arms of Toronto">Coat of arms</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sister_cities_of_Toronto" title="Sister cities of Toronto">Sister cities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Toronto" title="List of people from Toronto">Notable Torontonians</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Toronto" title="History of Toronto">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_and_structures_in_Toronto" title="List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto">Oldest buildings</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_lost_buildings_and_structures_in_Toronto" title="List of lost buildings and structures in Toronto">Lost</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Toronto" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Toronto">National Historic Sites</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Toronto_history" title="Timeline of Toronto history">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:TorontoMunicipalities" title="Template:TorontoMunicipalities">Former municipalities</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <br />2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Carrying-Place_Trail" title="Toronto Carrying-Place Trail">Toronto Carrying-Place Trail</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Purchase" title="Toronto Purchase">Toronto Purchase</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fort_York" title="Fort York">Fort York</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York,_Upper_Canada" title="York, Upper Canada">York</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_York" title="Battle of York">Battle of York</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Montgomery%27s_Tavern" title="Battle of Montgomery's Tavern">Battle of Montgomery's Tavern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Toronto_(1849)" title="Great Fire of Toronto (1849)">Great Fire of 1849</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Toronto_(1904)" title="Great Fire of Toronto (1904)">Great Fire of 1904</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1918_Toronto_anti-Greek_riot" title="1918 Toronto anti-Greek riot">1918 Toronto anti-Greek riot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centennial_of_the_City_of_Toronto" title="Centennial of the City of Toronto">Centennial of the City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metro Toronto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hurricane Hazel</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Hazel_in_Canada" title="Effects of Hurricane Hazel in Canada">effects</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">Amalgamation of Toronto</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since <br />2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit">2010 G20 Toronto summit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danzig_Street_shooting" title="Danzig Street shooting">Danzig Street shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Pan_American_Games" title="2015 Pan American Games">2015 Pan American Games</a> / <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Parapan_American_Games" title="2015 Parapan American Games">2015 Parapan American Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_van_attack" title="Toronto van attack">Van attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Toronto_shooting" title="2018 Toronto shooting">2018 mass shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Toronto_machete_attack" title="2020 Toronto machete attack">2020 machete attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_of_Toronto" title="Geography of Toronto">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Greater Toronto Area</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario_Peninsula" title="Ontario Peninsula">Ontario Peninsula</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Great Lakes Megalopolis">Great Lakes Megalopolis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" title="List of neighbourhoods in Toronto">Neighbourhoods</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto_neighbourhoods" title="Demographics of Toronto neighbourhoods">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" title="History of neighbourhoods in Toronto">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_city-designated_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="List of city-designated neighbourhoods in Toronto">Official list</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Downtown_Toronto" title="Downtown Toronto">Downtown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Harbour" title="Toronto Harbour">Harbour</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Islands" title="Toronto Islands">Toronto Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_waterfront" title="Toronto waterfront">Waterfront</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_waterway_system" title="Toronto waterway system">Waterway</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_River_(Ontario)" title="Don River (Ontario)">Don River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humber_River_(Ontario)" title="Humber River (Ontario)">Humber River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rouge_River_(Ontario)" title="Rouge River (Ontario)">Rouge River</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Toronto_parks" title="List of Toronto parks">Parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_ravine_system" title="Toronto ravine system">Ravine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fauna_of_Toronto" title="Fauna of Toronto">Fauna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_trees_in_Toronto" title="Native trees in Toronto">Native trees</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leslie_Street_Spit" title="Leslie Street Spit">Leslie Street Spit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scarborough_Bluffs" title="Scarborough Bluffs">Scarborough Bluffs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economy_of_Toronto" title="Economy of Toronto">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bay_Street" title="Bay Street">Bay Street</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financial_District,_Toronto" title="Financial District, Toronto">Financial District</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hotels_in_Toronto" title="Hotels in Toronto">Hotels</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Toronto" title="List of tallest buildings in Toronto">Skyscrapers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tourism_in_Toronto" title="Tourism in Toronto">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Region_Board_of_Trade" title="Toronto Region Board of Trade">Toronto Region Board of Trade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Toronto" title="Politics of Toronto">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">City Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_City_Hall" title="Toronto City Hall">City Hall</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Toronto_Act" title="City of Toronto Act">City of Toronto Act</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crime_in_Toronto" title="Crime in Toronto">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Toronto_municipal_elections" title="List of Toronto municipal elections">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graffiti_in_Toronto" title="Graffiti in Toronto">Graffiti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Toronto" title="List of mayors of Toronto">List of Mayors</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Toronto" title="Municipal government of Toronto">Toronto government</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Toronto_Government" title="Template:Toronto Government">Toronto Government and Public Services</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_services_in_Toronto" title="Public services in Toronto">Public services</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Fire_Services" title="Toronto Fire Services">Fire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health_in_Toronto" title="Health in Toronto">Health</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Public_Health" title="Toronto Public Health">Toronto Public Health</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Toronto" title="List of hospitals in Toronto">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Paramedic_Services" title="Toronto Paramedic Services">Paramedic Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Parks,_Forestry_and_Recreation_Division" title="Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division">Parks, Forestry and Recreation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Toronto_recreation_centres" title="List of Toronto recreation centres">Recreation Centres</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Police</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Solid_Waste_Management" title="Toronto Solid Waste Management">Solid Waste Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Water" title="Toronto Water">Water</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Works_and_Emergency_Services" title="Toronto Works and Emergency Services">Works and Emergency Services</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_in_Toronto" title="Education in Toronto">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary/Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toronto District School Board</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_catholique_MonAvenir" title="Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir">Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-secondary</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centennial_College" title="Centennial College">Centennial College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Collège Boréal">Collège Boréal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Brown_College" title="George Brown College">George Brown College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humber_College" title="Humber College">Humber College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCAD_University" title="OCAD University">OCAD University</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryerson_University" title="Ryerson University">Ryerson University</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seneca_College" title="Seneca College">Seneca College</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyndale_University" title="Tyndale University">Tyndale University</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_l%27Ontario_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Université de l'Ontario français">Université de l'Ontario français</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Guelph-Humber" title="University of Guelph-Humber">University of Guelph-Humber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Public_Library" title="Toronto Public Library">Toronto Public Library</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Toronto_Public_Library_branches" title="List of Toronto Public Library branches">List of Toronto Public Library branches</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Reference_Library" title="Toronto Reference Library">Toronto Reference Library</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Tool_Library" title="Toronto Tool Library">Toronto Tool Library</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_in_Toronto" title="Culture in Toronto">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annual_events_in_Toronto" title="Annual events in Toronto">Annual events</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Asian_events_in_Toronto" title="List of Asian events in Toronto">Asian events in Toronto</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Architecture_of_Toronto" title="Architecture of Toronto">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Toronto" title="List of tourist attractions in Toronto">Attractions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Toronto_landmarks" title="Template:Toronto landmarks">Landmarks</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cinemas_in_Toronto" title="List of cinemas in Toronto">Cinemas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuisine_in_Toronto" title="Cuisine in Toronto">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_fiction_set_in_Toronto" title="List of fiction set in Toronto">Fiction set in Toronto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Toronto" title="List of films set in Toronto">Films set in Toronto</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Let%27s_All_Hate_Toronto" title="Let's All Hate Toronto">Let's All Hate Toronto</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hollywood_North" title="Hollywood North">Hollywood North</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Toronto" title="List of films shot in Toronto">Films shot in Toronto</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_in_Toronto" title="Media in Toronto">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures">Places of worship</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Toronto" title="Category:Churches in Toronto">Churches in Toronto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_Toronto" title="Category:Synagogues in Toronto">Synagogues in Toronto</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Toronto" title="List of shopping malls in Toronto">Shopping malls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sports_in_Toronto" title="Sports in Toronto">Sports</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amateur_sport_in_Toronto" title="Amateur sport in Toronto">Amateur sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Labour_Day_Classic" title="Labour Day Classic">Labour Day Classic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_sports_teams_in_Toronto" title="List of sports teams in Toronto">Sports teams</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tourism_in_Toronto" title="Tourism in Toronto">Tourism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transportation_in_Toronto" title="Transportation in Toronto">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_transportation_in_Toronto" title="Public transportation in Toronto">Public transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metrolinx" title="Metrolinx">Metrolinx</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/GO_Transit" title="GO Transit">GO Transit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_Pearson_Express" title="Union Pearson Express">Union Pearson Express</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brampton_Transit" title="Brampton Transit">Brampton Transit</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Z%C3%BCm" title="Züm">Züm</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MiWay" title="MiWay">MiWay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/York_Region_Transit" title="York Region Transit">York Region Transit</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Viva_Rapid_Transit" title="Viva Rapid Transit">viva</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Durham_Region_Transit" title="Durham Region Transit">Durham Region Transit</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other transportation services</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area">Airports</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Toronto" title="List of bridges in Toronto">Bridges</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cycling_in_Toronto" title="Cycling in Toronto">Cycling</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bike_Share_Toronto" title="Bike Share Toronto">Bike Share</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Island_ferries" title="Toronto Island ferries">Island Ferry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Parking_Authority" title="Toronto Parking Authority">Parking Authority</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PortsToronto" title="PortsToronto">PortsToronto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lists_of_roads_in_Toronto" title="Lists of roads in Toronto">Roads</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_diagonal_roads_in_Toronto" title="List of diagonal roads in Toronto">Diagonal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto" title="List of east–west roads in Toronto">East–West</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto" title="List of north–south roads in Toronto">North–South</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Transportation_Services" title="Toronto Transportation Services">Toronto Transportation Services</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><img alt="Category" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Toronto" title="Category:Toronto">Category</a></b></li>
<li><b><img alt="WikiProject" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="WikiProject" width="16" height="16" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Toronto" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Toronto">WikiProject</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ontario.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Ontario.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Ontario" title="Portal:Ontario">Ontario portal</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_Government_and_politics_of_the_former_Metropolitan_Toronto" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Metro_Toronto_Government" title="Template:Metro Toronto Government"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Toronto_Government" title="Template talk:Metro Toronto Government"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Metro_Toronto_Government&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Government_and_politics_of_the_former_Metropolitan_Toronto" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Flag_of_Metropolitan_Toronto.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Metropolitan Toronto.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Metropolitan_Toronto.svg/20px-Flag_of_Metropolitan_Toronto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Metropolitan_Toronto.svg/30px-Flag_of_Metropolitan_Toronto.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Metropolitan_Toronto.svg/40px-Flag_of_Metropolitan_Toronto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Government and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Toronto" title="Politics of Toronto">politics</a> of the former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metropolitan Toronto</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Municipality_of_Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Chairman of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto">Chairs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Toronto Council">Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto_Community_Services" title="Metro Toronto Community Services">Community Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Paramedic_Services" title="Toronto Paramedic Services">Emergency Medical Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Hall" title="Metro Hall">Metro Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Homes_for_the_Aged_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Homes for the Aged Division">Homes for the Aged</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto_Hostel_Services_Division" title="Metro Toronto Hostel Services Division">Hostel Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto_Parks_and_Culture" title="Metro Toronto Parks and Culture">Parks and Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Police Service</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Police_Services_Board" title="Toronto Police Services Board">Board</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto_Roads_and_Transportation" title="Metro Toronto Roads and Transportation">Roads and Transportation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Transit Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Toronto_Works" title="Metro Toronto Works">Works</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto_Zoo" title="Toronto Zoo">Zoo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1616314017 |