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'{{about|the primate}} {{Taxobox | name = Mandrill <ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=165|id=12100576}}</ref> | status = VU | trend = unknown | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008|assessors=Oates, J. F. & Butynski, T. M.|year=2008|id=12754|title=Mandrillus sphinx|downloaded=4 January 2009}}</ref> | image = Mandril.jpg | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Primate]]s | familia = [[Old World monkey|Cercopithecidae]] | genus = ''[[Mandrillus]]'' | species = '''''M. sphinx''''' | binomial = ''Mandrillus sphinx'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) | range_map = Leefgebied mandril.JPG | range_map_caption = Distribution of the Mandrill in Africa }} The '''Mandrill''' THIS MONKEY LIKES TO LICK ITS BUTTCRACK!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (''Mandrillus sphinx'') is a [[primate]] of the [[Old World monkey|Cercopithecidae]] (Old-world [[monkey]]s) family, closely related to the [[baboon]]s and even more closely to the [[Drill (mammal)|Drill]]. Both the Mandrill and the Drill were once classified as baboons in genus ''[[Baboon|Papio]]'', but recent research has determined that they should be separated into their own [[genus]], ''[[Mandrillus]]''. The Mandrill is the world's largest species of monkey. == Description == The Mandrill is recognized by its [[olive]]-colored fur and the colorful face and rump of males, a coloration that grows stronger with sexual maturity; females have duller colours. This coloration becomes more pronounced as the monkey becomes excited and is likely to be an example of [[sexual selection]]. The coloration on the rump is thought to enhance visibility in the thick vegetation of the rainforest and aids in group movement. Males average 25–35&nbsp;kg (55-77&nbsp;lb), females less than half that weigh (11-14&nbsp;kg, or 25-30&nbsp;lb). Unusually large males can weigh 50&nbsp;kg (110&nbsp;lb).<ref>[http://www.waza.org/virtualzoo/factsheet.php?id=106-008-005-002&view=Monkeys WAZA - World Association of Zoos and Aquariums - Virtual Zoo<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/mandrill-2</ref><ref>http://www.springerlink.com/content/h43033656767l10u/</ref> The average male is 81-90&nbsp;cm (32-36&nbsp;in) and the female is 56-66&nbsp;cm (22-26&nbsp;in), with the tail adding another 5–8&nbsp;cm (2–3&nbsp;in).<ref>http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-mandrill.html</ref><ref>http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/mandrill.html</ref> They can survive up to 31 years in captivity. Females reach sexual maturity at about 3.5 years. == Habitat == The Mandrill is found in the [[tropics|tropical]] [[rainforest]]s and occasionally [[woodland]]s of southern [[Cameroon]], [[Gabon]], Equatorial Guinea, and [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]. Its distribution is bounded by the Sanaga River to the north and the Ogooué and Ivindo rivers to the east. Recent research suggests that mandrill populations north and south of the Ogooué river are so genetically different as to be separate [[subspecies]]. == Behavior == Mandrills are [[social animals]] and live in large groups, primarily including females and young and led by a single dominant male. Most adult males are solitary. It is difficult to accurately estimate [[Group size measures|group size]] in the forest, but filming a group crossing a gap between two forest patches or crossing a road is a reliable way of estimating group size. The largest group verifiably observed in this way contained over 1300 individuals, in Lopé National Park, Gabon&nbsp;&mdash; the largest [[swarm|aggregation]] of non-human primates ever recorded.<ref>[http://runjun.blogspot.com/2008/04/worlds-largest-monkey.html]</ref> The Mandrill is an [[omnivore]] and acquires its food by foraging (mainly plants, insects and smaller animals) from the ground as it is [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]]. Although the Mandrill does not normally hunt larger prey, males have been observed to hunt and consume [[duiker]] (a small antelope). Its main natural predators are [[leopard]]s, pythons and humans. Attacks on subadults by African [[Crowned Eagle]]s have also been reported. Mandrills are hunted for food throughout their range, either with guns or using dogs and nets. In Cameroon, habitat loss to agriculture is also a threat. A large group of mandrills can cause significant damage to crops in a very short time, and where common they are widely perceived as pests. == Reproduction == [[Image:Mandrill at Singapore Zoo.jpg|thumb|Mandrill at [[Singapore Zoo]]]] The [[gestation]] (pregnancy) time for the Mandrill is 6–7 months and young are usually born between January and April. However, the mandrill mates throughout the year during the [[estrous cycle]], which occurs once every 33 days. The interbirth interval is typically 13–14 months. === Courtship === Canadian Researcher William Sommers has found that during courtship, the female will walk after the male. If the male is interested he will stop and turn towards her. He will then mount her and they will copulate. === Parenting === Mandrill infants are born with their eyes open and with fur. They have a black coat and pink skin for the first two months. They cling to their mother's belly immediately and can support their own weight. Mothers form bonds with their children. These bonds last into adulthood with the daughters, while the bonds with the sons last only until the males' sexual maturity. These bonds entail the two sitting with each other and [[social grooming|grooming]] each other. == References == {{reflist}} * Nowak, Ronald M (1999). Walker's Primates of the World, 151-152. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6251-5. == External links == {{commonscat|Mandrillus}} {{Wikispecies|Mandrillus sphinx|Mandrill}} * ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Mandrillus_sphinx/ images and movies of the mandrill ''(Mandrillus sphinx)''] {{C.Cercopithecinae nav}} [[Category:Mammals of Africa]] [[Category:Megafauna of Africa]] [[Category:Cercopithecine monkeys]] [[Category:Animals described in 1758]] [[br:Mandril]] [[bg:Мандрил]] [[ca:Mandril]] [[cs:Mandril rýholící]] [[da:Mandril]] [[de:Mandrill]] [[nv:Mágí bichį́į́h dootłʼizhígíí]] [[es:Mandrillus sphinx]] [[fa:مندریل]] [[fr:Mandrillus sphinx]] [[ko:맨드릴]] [[is:Mandríll]] [[it:Mandrillus sphinx]] [[he:מנדריל]] [[lt:Mandrilas]] [[hu:Mandrill]] [[nl:Mandril]] [[ja:マンドリル]] [[no:Mandrill]] [[pl:Mandryl]] [[pt:Mandril]] [[ru:Мандрил]] [[simple:Mandrill]] [[fi:Mandrilli]] [[sv:Mandrill]] [[zh:山魈]]'