Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|American businessman and politician from New York}}
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{{Use American English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Michael Bloomberg
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Mike Bloomberg Headshot.jpg
| office = 108th [[Mayor of New York City]]
| deputy = [[Patricia Harris]]
| term_start = January 1, 2002
| term_end = December 31, 2013
| predecessor = [[Rudy Giuliani]]
| successor = [[Bill de Blasio]]
| birth_name = Michael Rubens Bloomberg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|2|14}}
| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S.}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 2001, 2018–present)
| otherparty = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (2001–2007)<br />[[Independent politician|Independent]] (2007–2018)
| spouse = {{marriage|Susan Brown-Meyer|1975|1993|end=div}}
| partner = [[Diana Taylor (superintendent)|Diana Taylor]] (2000–present)
| children = 2, including [[Georgina Bloomberg|Georgina]]
| education = [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]]
| alma_mater = [[Johns Hopkins University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br />[[Harvard University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician |philanthropist|author|businessman|stock trader}}
| net_worth = {{steady}} US$ 59 billion ({{As of|2021|04|01}})<ref name="Forbes Profile: Michael Bloomberg">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?sh=5f3027451417|title=#14 Michael Bloomberg|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=April 1, 2021}}</ref>
| signature = Michael Bloomberg Signature.svg
| website = {{url|mikebloomberg.com|Official website}}
}}
{{Michael Bloomberg series}}
'''Michael Rubens <!-- Not necessary to add "Mike" here; per MOS:NICKNAME, such a specification is only needed if their nickname "is not a common hypocorism"--> Bloomberg''' (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, philanthropist, and author. He is the majority owner and co-founder of [[Bloomberg L.P.]] He was the [[Mayor of New York City]] from 2002 to 2013, and was a candidate for the [[2020 Democratic presidential primaries|2020 Democratic nomination]] for [[president of the United States]].
Bloomberg grew up in [[Medford, Massachusetts]], and graduated from [[Johns Hopkins University]] and [[Harvard Business School]]. He began his career at the securities brokerage [[Salomon Brothers]] before forming his own company in 1981. That company, Bloomberg L.P., is a financial information, software and media firm that is known for its [[Bloomberg Terminal]]. Bloomberg spent the next twenty years as its chairman and CEO. In 2020, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked him as [[The World's Billionaires|the sixteenth-richest person in the world]], with an estimated net worth of $48 billion as of April 7, 2020<ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires#1ed96aa14178 Retrieved July 22, 2020</ref> and as of July 21, 2020, Bloomberg ranked 8th in Forbes 400 with net worth $60.1 billion.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=forbes-400#6697c1a11417 Retrieved July 22, 2020</ref> Since signing [[The Giving Pledge]], Bloomberg has given away $8.2 billion.
Bloomberg was elected the [[List of mayors of New York City|108th]] [[mayor of New York City]]. First elected in [[2001 New York City mayoral election|2001]], he held office for three consecutive terms, winning re-election in [[2005 New York City mayoral election|2005]] and [[2009 New York City mayoral election|2009]]. Pursuing [[Political positions of Michael Bloomberg|socially liberal and fiscally moderate policies]], Bloomberg developed a [[Technocracy|technocratic managerial style]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/01/nyregion/political-memo-bloomberg-the-technocrat-seeks-his-inner-la-guardia.html |title=Political Memo; Bloomberg, the Technocrat, Seeks His Inner La Guardia |author1=Cooper, Michael |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 1, 2003|access-date=February 25, 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref> After a brief stint as a full-time philanthropist, he re-assumed the position of CEO at Bloomberg L.P. by the end of 2014.
As mayor of New York, Bloomberg established public [[charter school]]s, rebuilt urban infrastructure, and supported [[Gun politics in the United States|gun control]], [[public health]] initiatives, and [[Environmental policy of the United States|environmental protections]]. He also led a rezoning of large areas of the city, which facilitated massive and widespread new commercial and residential construction after the [[September 11 attacks]]. Bloomberg is considered to have had far-reaching influence on [[politics of New York City|the politics]], [[Economy of New York City|business sector]], and [[culture of New York City]] during his three terms as mayor. He has also faced significant criticism for his expansion of the city's [[stop and frisk]] program, support for which he reversed with an apology before his 2020 presidential run.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg apologizes for 'stop-and-frisk' police practice|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/bloomberg-apologizes-stop-frisk-police-practice-n1084756|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref>
In November 2019, Bloomberg officially launched [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|his campaign]] for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]]. He ended his campaign in March 2020, after having won only 61 delegates. Bloomberg self-funded $935 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00728154/1391483/|title=Form 3P for Mike Bloomberg 2020, Inc.|website=docquery.fec.gov|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> for his candidacy, which set the record for the most expensive U.S. presidential primary campaign.
== Early life and education ==
Bloomberg was born on February 14, 1942, at [[St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (Boston)|St. Elizabeth's Hospital]], in the [[Brighton, Boston|Brighton]] neighborhood of [[Boston]], to William Henry Bloomberg (1906–1963), a bookkeeper for a dairy company,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Dean E.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/26/nyregion/bloomberg-a-man-of-contradictions-but-with-a-single-focus.html|title=Bloomberg a Man of Contradictions, but With a Single Focus|date=November 26, 2001|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and Charlotte (née Rubens) Bloomberg (1909–2011).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/nyregion/charlotte-r-bloomberg-mayors-mother-dies-at-102.html |title=Charlotte R. Bloomberg, Mayor's Mother, Dies at 102 |last=Harris |first=Elizabeth A. |date=June 20, 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 13, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saguinsin|first=Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LSMDwAAQBAJ&q=Michael%20Bloomberg%20was%20born%20at%20St.%20Elizabeth's%20Hospital%20in%20Boston,%20Massachusetts,%20on%20February%2014,%201942&pg=PA76|title=Things You Need To Know About Success & Failure|publisher=A.T.Saguinsin|language=en}}</ref> The [[Baker Library/Bloomberg Center|Bloomberg Center]] at the [[Harvard Business School]] was named in William Henry's honor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Baker Library/Bloomberg Center |url=https://www.hbs.edu/about/campus-and-culture/campus-built-on-philanthropy/Pages/baker-library-bloomberg-center.aspx |website=Harvard Business School |access-date=October 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Levitz|first=Jennifer|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bloomberg-condemns-narrowing-views-on-college-campuses-1401402413|title=Bloomberg Condemns Narrowing Views on College Campuses|date=May 29, 2014|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Bloomberg's family is [[Jews|Jewish]], and he is a member of the [[Congregation Emanu-El of New York|Temple Emanu-El]] in Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness|title='Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness|date=September 1, 2010}}</ref> Bloomberg's paternal grandfather, Rabbi Alexander "Elick" Bloomberg, was a [[Polish Jews|Polish Jew]].<ref name=":7">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Bloomberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Michael Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/16/archives/susan-meyer-is-married-to-michael-bloomberg.html</ref> Bloomberg's maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was a [[Lithuanian Jews|Lithuanian Jewish]] immigrant from present-day [[Belarus]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/books/excerpt-mike-bloomberg.html |work=The New York Times |first=Joyce |last=Purnick |title=Mike Bloomberg |date=October 9, 2009 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ford |first1=Beverly |last2=Lovett |first2=Kenneth |last3=Blau |first3=Reuven |last4=Einhorn |first4=Erin |last5=Lucadamo |first5=Kathleen |date=June 19, 2011 |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/charlotte-bloomberg-mayor-bloomberg-mother-dies-102-article-1.127366 |title=Charlotte Bloomberg, Mayor Bloomberg's Mother, Dies at 102 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]] |access-date=July 12, 2011 }}</ref> and his maternal grandmother was born in New York to Lithuanian Jewish parents.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
The family lived in [[Allston]] until Bloomberg was two years old, followed by [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], for two years, finally settling in the Boston suburb of [[Medford, Massachusetts]], where he lived until after he graduated from college.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/nyregion/bloombergs-hometown-medford-mass-struggles-to-keep-his-attention.html |title=Mayor's Ties to Hometown Fade, but for a few, They Are Still Felt |work=The New York Times |date=March 19, 2012 |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |access-date=March 20, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
[[File:Michael Bloomberg in 1960 Blue and White.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg in [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]]'s 1960 yearbook.]]
Bloomberg became an [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scout]] when he was twelve years old.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fiorina |first1=Steve |title=Mike Bloomberg campaigns in San Diego for first time |url=https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/politics/national-politics/mike-bloomberg-campaigns-in-san-diego-for-first-time/509-a0d92320-0073-4115-a7ea-11b089039616 |access-date=4 December 2020 |date=5 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoJ5gIsDat0C |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |pages=111–18 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |title=Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts |isbn=978-0-312-36653-7 |year=2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url-status=live |last=Auletta|first=Ken|date=March 10, 1997|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/03/10/the-bloomberg-threat |title=The Bloomberg Threat|work=[[The New Yorker]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011120203615/http://newyorker.com/FROM_THE_ARCHIVE/ARCHIVES/?011126fr_archive01|archive-date=November 20, 2001|volume=73|issue=3|page=38}}</ref> He graduated from [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]] in 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/03/05/nyregion/20120305medford.html|title=Bloomberg's Medford|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited}}</ref> He went on to attend [[Johns Hopkins University]], where he joined the fraternity [[Phi Kappa Psi]]. While there, he constructed the [[blue jay]] costume for the university's [[mascot]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admitsee.com/blog/10-fun-facts-about-johns-hopkins-university |title=10 Fun Facts about Johns Hopkins University |website=www.admitsee.com |access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-11-10-0111100156-story.html|title=He was always working|last=Smith|first=Linell|website=baltimoresun.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> He graduated in 1964 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in [[electrical engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/retro-baltimore/bs-fe-retro-baltimore-trivia-michael-bloomberg-hopkins-major-20181119-story.html|title=Retro Baltimore Trivia: What was Michael Bloomberg's degree in from Johns Hopkins University?|website=baltimoresun.com|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> In 1966, he graduated from [[Harvard Business School]] with a [[Master of Business Administration]] (MBA) degree.<ref>{{cite web |title=Life After B-School: 5 Very Different HBS Grads |date=April 15, 2011 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |url=http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads |first=Meghan |last=Daniels |work=[[Knewton]] blog |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309014005/http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads/ |archive-date=March 9, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=bbb17>{{cite book |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael |year=1997 |title=Bloomberg by Bloomberg |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |isbn=978-0-471-15545-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo/page/17 17] |url=https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo/page/17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/successful-harvard-business-school-alumni-2015-7|title=The 30 most successful Harvard Business School graduates of all time|last=Luce|first=Richard Feloni, Tanza Loudenback, Ivan De|website=Business Insider|date=August 5, 2019|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Michael Bloomberg in 1964 Hullabaloo.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg in [[Johns Hopkins University]]'s 1964 yearbook.]]
Bloomberg is a member of [[Kappa Beta Phi]] and [[Tau Beta Pi]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5PxAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT151 |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2014 |title=Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street's Post-Crash Recruits |location=London, UK |publisher=John Murray (Publishers), An Hachette UK Company |page=151 |isbn=978-1-4555-7232-8}}</ref> He wrote an autobiography, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'', with help from [[Bloomberg News]] editor-in-ehief [[Matthew Winkler (journalist)|Matthew Winkler]].<ref>{{cite news|date=October 27, 2008|title=The Fate of Bloomberg's Memoir|last=Barbaro|first=Michael|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/the-fate-of-bloombergs-memoir|access-date=November 1, 2012|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Farhi|first=Paul|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bloomberg-news-reaches-into-british-media-for-a-new-top-editor/2014/12/09/c7080380-7fbf-11e4-81fd-8c4814dfa9d7_story.html|title=Bloomberg News reaches into British media for a new top editor|date=December 9, 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
== Business career ==
[[File:2012 Bloomberg Terminal by jm3 - Creative Commons licensed.jpg|thumb|A 2012 [[Bloomberg Terminal]] with a multi-monitor set-up composed of six screens]]
In 1973, Bloomberg became a [[general partner]] at [[Salomon Brothers]], a large [[Wall Street]] [[investment bank]], where he headed [[equity trading]] and, later, [[systems development]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-biography-2012-7|title=How Michael Bloomberg Went From Bond Trader To Billionaire Media Mogul With One Incredible Machine|last=Meserve|first=Myles|website=Business Insider|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> [[Phibro Corporation]] bought Salomon Brothers in 1981, and the new management fired Bloomberg, paying him $10 million for his equity in the firm.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bloomberg|first=Michael|url=https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo|title=Bloomberg by Bloomberg|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|year=1997|isbn=0-471-15545-4|chapter=The Last Supper|chapter-url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bloomberg-bloomberg.html|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Patrick |last=McGeehan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/nyregion/19bankers.html |title=City Will Help Retrain Laid-Off Wall Streeters |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 18, 2009 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/education/edlife/mike-bloomberg-salomon-brothers.html|title=Michael Bloomberg on How to Succeed in Business|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=February 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 21, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Using this money, Bloomberg, having designed in-house computerized financial systems for Salomon, set up a data services company named Innovative Market Systems (IMS)<ref name="Stewart" /> based on his belief that Wall Street would pay a premium for high-quality business information, delivered instantaneously on computer terminals in a variety of usable formats.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsJn4397J1cC&pg=PA26 |page=26 |title=The Battle for Wall Street: Behind the Lines in the Struggle that Pushed an Industry into Turmoil |isbn=978-0-470-44681-2 |last1=Goldberg |first1=Richard |date=January 23, 2009 }}</ref> The company sold customized [[computer terminal]]s that delivered real-time market data, financial calculations and other analytics to Wall Street firms. The terminal, first called the Market Master terminal, was released to market in December 1982.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3051883/the-bloomberg-terminal|title=How the Bloomberg Terminal Made History—And Stays Ever Relevant|website=Fast Company|date=October 6, 2015|first=Harry|last=McCracken|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref>
In 1986, the company renamed itself Bloomberg L.P.<ref name=":3" /> Over the years, ancillary products including [[Bloomberg News]], [[Bloomberg Radio]], Bloomberg Message, and Bloomberg Tradebook were launched.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pasiuk|first=Laurie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTEOrAa2g5EC&q=Bloomberg%20News,%20Bloomberg%20Radio,%20Bloomberg%20Message,%20and%20Bloomberg%20Tradebook%20were%20launched&pg=PA33|title=Vault Guide to the Top Media & Entertainment Employers|date=2005|publisher=Vault Inc.|isbn=978-1-58131-337-6|language=en}}</ref> Bloomberg, L.P. had revenues of approximately $10 billion in 2018.<ref name="Stewart" /> As of 2019, the company has more than 325,000 terminal subscribers worldwide and employs 20,000 people in dozens of locations.<ref name="Stewart" />
The culture of the company in the 1980s and 1990s has been compared to a fraternity, with employees bragging in the company's office about their sexual exploits.<ref name=nyt>{{cite news|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|date=November 14, 2019|title=Bloomberg's Team Calls His Crude Remarks on Women 'Wrong'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/14/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-women.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 14, 2019|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-crass-sexual-jokes-demeaning-comments-women-stint-mayor-2020-3|title=Mike Bloomberg made crass sexual remarks about women in the workplace as recently as 2014, according to a former executive|last=Campbell|first=Nicole Einbinder, Dakin|website=Business Insider|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref> The company was [[Bloomberg L.P.#Controversies|sued four times by female employees]] for [[sexual harassment]], including one incident in which a victim claimed to have been raped.<ref name=vv>{{cite news |last=Barrett |first= Wayne|date=October 30, 2001 |title=Bloomberg's Sexual Blind Spot |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/10/30/bloombergs-sexual-blind-spot/ |work= Village Voice|location= New York|access-date= October 30, 2019}}</ref><ref name="atlantic">{{cite news |last=Garber |first=Megan|date=September 19, 2018 |title='I'd Do Her': Mike Bloomberg and the Underbelly of #MeToo|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/09/mike-bloomberg-comments-women-metoo/570448/ |work= Atlantic|access-date= October 30, 2019}}</ref> To celebrate Bloomberg's 48th birthday, colleagues published a pamphlet entitled ''[[Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg]]''. Among various sayings that were attributed to him, several have subsequently been criticized as sexist or misogynistic.<ref>Among the contents of the 1990 publication are a suggestion that if women wanted to be known for their intelligence, they would spend less time at [[Bloomingdale's]] and more at the library; as well as a joke that if Bloomberg terminals could provide oral sex, it would put female employees out of work.</ref><ref name=abc>{{cite news |last=Pezenik |first=Sasha |date=December 16, 2019 |title=Booklet of Mike Bloomberg's 'Wit and Wisdom' could haunt him during presidential bid: Critics |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/booklet-mike-bloombergs-wit-wisdom-haunt-presidential-bid/story?id=67744181 |work=ABC News |access-date=December 16, 2019 }}</ref><ref name=nyt />
When he left the position of CEO to pursue a political career as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg was replaced by Lex Fenwick<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp |title=Lex Fenwick's biography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221539/http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |work=[[dowjones.com]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/dowjones-fenwick-correcte-idUSL1E8L706D20121009|title=CORRECTED-RPT-INSIGHT-The Lex Factor roils Dow Jones|date=October 9, 2012|website=Reuters.com}}</ref> and later by [[Daniel L. Doctoroff]], after his initial service as deputy mayor under Bloomberg.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29057587|title=Ex-New York mayor back at Bloomberg|date=September 4, 2014|work=BBC News|access-date=March 18, 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> After completing his final term as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg spent his first eight months out of office as a full-time philanthropist. In fall 2014, he announced that he would return to Bloomberg L.P. as CEO at the end of 2014,<ref name="Andrew Ross Sorkin">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/business/media/michael-bloomberg-to-return-as-chief-of-company-he-founded.html |title=Michael Bloomberg to Return to Lead Bloomberg L.P. |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Andrew Ross |last=Sorkin |date=September 3, 2014 |author-link=Andrew Ross Sorkin |url-access=limited}}</ref> succeeding Doctoroff, who had led the company since February 2008.<ref name="Andrew Ross Sorkin" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/54/400list08_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The 400 Richest Americans: #8 Michael Bloomberg |date=September 17, 2008 |access-date=September 17, 2008 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/09/03/bloomberg-returns-bloomberg-lp/15047285/|title=Bloomberg returns to media company as CEO leaves|last=Yu|first=Roger|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref> Bloomberg resigned as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. to run for president in 2019.<ref name=Stewart>{{cite news |title=How Mike Bloomberg made his billions: a computer system you've probably never seen |author=Stewart, Emily |date=December 11, 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election/2019/12/11/21005008/michael-bloomberg-terminal-net-worth-2020 |access-date=December 11, 2019 |publisher=Vox (Vox Media)}}</ref>
=== Wealth ===
In March 2009, ''[[Forbes]]'' reported Bloomberg's wealth at $16 billion, a gain of $4.5 billion over the previous year, the world's biggest increase in wealth from 2008 to 2009.<ref>{{cite news |author=Farrell, Andrew |title=Billionaires Who Made Billions More |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/03/10/made-millions-worlds-richest-people-billionaires-2009-billionaires-gainer_slide_2.html |access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> Bloomberg moved from 142nd to 17th in the ''Forbes'' list of the world's billionaires in only two years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The World's Billionaires |work=Forbes |date=March 8, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The World's Billionaires |work=Forbes |date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref> In the 2019 ''Forbes'' list of the world's billionaires, he was [[The World's Billionaires#2019|the ninth-richest person]]; his net worth was estimated at $55.5 billion.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires#2edb600d1417 |title=#9 Michael Bloomberg |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |access-date=March 4, 2020}}</ref>
== Political career ==
=== Mayor of New York City ===
{{Main|Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg}}
[[File:George W. Bush and Michael Bloomberg.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with President [[George W. Bush]] in 2003]]
Bloomberg assumed office as the 108th [[mayor of New York City]] on January 1, 2002.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Steinhauer|first=Jennifer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/nyregion/the-mayoral-transition-overview-bloomberg-takes-oath-as-108th-mayor-of-new-york.html|title=THE MAYORAL TRANSITION: OVERVIEW; Bloomberg Takes Oath as 108th Mayor of New York|date=January 1, 2002|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 19, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He won re-election in 2005 and again in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2009/11/04/bloomberg-elected-to-a-third-term/|title=Bloomberg elected to a third term|last=Lisi|first=Clemente|date=November 4, 2009|website=New York Post|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> As mayor, he initially struggled with approval ratings as low as 24 percent;<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn/page/102 102] |title=Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-0-7867-4621-7 |last1=Purnick |first1=Joyce |date=September 22, 2009 }}</ref> however, he subsequently developed and maintained high approval ratings.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn/page/119 119] |title=Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-0-7867-4621-7 |last1=Purnick |first1=Joyce |date=September 22, 2009 }}</ref> Bloomberg joined [[Rudy Giuliani]], [[John Lindsay]], and [[Fiorello La Guardia]] as re-elected Republican mayors in the mostly Democratic city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/03/03/mike-bloomberg-upsets-critics-wealth-seek-presidency/4753489002/|title=Bloomberg upsets critics by spending wealth to seek presidency|last=Krupa|first=Gregg|website=Detroit News|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg stated that he wanted [[public education]] reform to be the legacy of his first term and addressing poverty to be the legacy of his second.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gothamgazette.com/index.php/education/3352-the-mayors-legacy-educational-improvements-and-poverty-reduction-or-bold-budgeting-and-economic-development |title=The Mayor's Legacy: Educational Improvements and Poverty Reduction, Or Bold Budgeting and Economic Development? |work=[[Gotham Gazette]] |date=August 13, 2007 |first=Glenn |last=Pasanen |access-date=February 17, 2020 }}</ref>
[[File:Obama 2012 71.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with President [[Barack Obama]] in 2012]]
Bloomberg chose to apply a statistical, metrics-based management approach to city government, and granted departmental commissioners broad autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, he implemented what ''New York Times'' political reporter [[Adam Nagourney]] called a "bullpen" [[open plan|open office]] plan, similar to a [[Wall Street]] trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design is intended to promote accountability and accessibility.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nagourney |first=Adam |date=December 25, 2001 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/nyregion/bloomberg-vows-to-work-at-center-of-things.html |title=Bloomberg Vows to Work at Center of Things |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 18, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg accepted a [[One-dollar salary|remuneration of $1 annually]] in lieu of the mayoral salary.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert W. |last=Wood |date=April 5, 2014 |work=Forbes |access-date=February 17, 2020 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2014/04/05/tax-smart-billionaires-who-work-for-1/ |title=Tax-Smart Billionaires Who Work For $1 }}</ref>
[[File:Primer Foro Latinoamericano Bloomberg Auspiciando la Alianza del Pacífico. (15138698720).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with presidents of [[Colombia]], [[Chile]], [[Peru]] and [[Mexico]] in 2014]]
As mayor, Bloomberg turned the city's $6 billion budget deficit into a $3 billion surplus, largely by raising property taxes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/05/5832308/bloomberg-presents-balanced-budget-moving-parts|title=Bloomberg presents a balanced budget, with moving parts|last=Rubinstein|first=Dana|date=May 3, 2012|publisher=Capital New York|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506142304/http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/05/5832308/bloomberg-presents-balanced-budget-moving-parts|archive-date=May 6, 2012|access-date=November 5, 2012}}</ref> Bloomberg increased city funding for the new development of affordable housing through a plan that created and preserved an estimated 160,000 affordable homes in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2015/04/the-mayors-affordable-housing-optimism-021017|title=The mayor's affordable housing optimism|work=Politico PRO|access-date=August 13, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/428-13/mayor-bloomberg-city-will-reach-160-000-units-affordable-housing-financed-under-new#/0|title=City will reach 160,000 units of affordable housing by year's end under New Housing Marketplace Plan|date=December 21, 2013|work=The official website of the City of New York|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> In 2003, he implemented a successful [[smoking ban]] in all indoor workplaces, including bars and restaurants, and many other cities and states followed suit.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Farley|first=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COtwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT39|title=Saving Gotham: A Billionaire Mayor, Activist Doctors, and the Fight for Eight Million Lives|date=October 13, 2015|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-24880-7|language=en}}</ref> On December 5, 2006, New York City became the first city in the United States to [[Ban on trans-fat|ban trans-fat]] from all restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/01/nyregion/blocks-capturing-the-spirit-of-1776-but-with-a-different-number.html|title=Blocks; Capturing the Spirit of 1776, but With a Different Number|date=January 1, 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 19, 2006}}</ref> This went into effect in July 2008 and has since been adopted in many other cities and countries. Bloomberg created [[bicycle lanes]], required chain restaurants to post [[Calorie count laws|calorie counts]], and [[pedestrianized]] much of [[Times Square]]. In 2011, Bloomberg launched the NYC Young Men's Initiative, a $127 million initiative to support programs and policies designed to address disparities between young Black and Latino men and their peers, and personally donated $30 million to the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/young-mens-initiative-to-aid-young-black-and-latino-males/|title=Young Men's Initiative to Aid Young Black and Latino Males|website=Bloomberg Philanthropies|language=en-US|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> In 2010, Bloomberg supported the then-controversial [[Park51|Islamic complex near Ground Zero]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Dorothy Rabinowitz|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170|title=Liberal Piety and the Memory of 9/11; The enlightened class can't understand why the public is uneasy about the Ground Zero mosque|date=August 4, 2010|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=August 4, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725035032/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170|archive-date=July 25, 2015}}</ref>
Bloomberg greatly expanded the [[New York City Police Department]]'s [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop and frisk]] program, with a sixfold increase in documented stops.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyclu.org/en/stop-and-frisk-data|title=Stop-and-Frisk Data|date=January 2, 2012|website=New York Civil Liberties Union|language=en|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> The policy was challenged in [[U.S. Federal Court]], which ruled that the city's implementation of the policy violated citizens' rights under the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment of the Constitution]] and encouraged racial profiling.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Devereaux|first=Ryan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/stop-and-frisk-landmark-ruling|title=New York's stop-and-frisk trial comes to a close with landmark ruling|date=August 12, 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 1, 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Matt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/new-york-stop-and-frisk-unconstitutional-judge|title=New York's stop-and-frisk policy is unconstitutional, judge rules|date=August 12, 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 1, 2020|last2=Devereaux|first2=Ryan|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Bloomberg's administration appealed the ruling; however, his successor, Mayor Bill de Blasio, dropped the appeal and allowed the ruling to take effect.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weiser|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/02/nyregion/departing-judge-offers-blunt-defense-of-ruling-that-ended-stop-and-frisk.html|title=Departing Judge Offers Blunt Defense of Ruling in Stop-and-Frisk Case|date=May 2, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 1, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After the [[September 11 attacks]], with assistance from the Central Intelligence Agency, Bloomberg's administration oversaw a controversial program that surveilled Muslim communities on the basis of their religion, ethnicity, and language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/other/factsheet-nypd-muslim-surveillance-program|title=Factsheet: The NYPD Muslim Surveillance Program|website=American Civil Liberties Union|language=en|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> The program was discontinued in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/21/justice/new-york-nypd-surveillance-no-leads/index.html|title=Surveillance unit produced no terrorism leads, NYPD says|first= David |last=Ariosto|website=CNN|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref>
In a January 2014 [[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute|Quinnipiac]] poll, 64 percent of voters called Bloomberg's 12 years as mayor "mainly a success."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=1997|title=QU Poll Release Detail|website=QU Poll|publisher=[[Quinnipiac University]]|location=New Haven, Connecticut|language=en|access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>
=== Mayoral elections ===
==== 2001 election ====
{{Main|2001 New York City mayoral election}}
In 2001, New York's Republican mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]], was ineligible for re-election due to the city's limit of two consecutive terms. Bloomberg, who had been a lifelong member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], decided to run for mayor on the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ticket.<ref name="2001 election">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/nyregion/the-2001-elections-strategy-as-democrats-bicker-bloomberg-era-begins.html |access-date=February 15, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Adam |last=Nagourney |title=The 2001 Elections: Strategy; As Democrats Bicker, Bloomberg Era Begins |date=November 8, 2001 |url-access=limited }}</ref> Voting in the primary began on the morning of September 11, 2001. The primary was postponed later that day, due to the [[September 11 attacks]]. In the rescheduled primary, Bloomberg defeated [[Herman Badillo]], a former Democratic [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]], to become the Republican nominee. After a [[Two-round system|runoff]], the Democratic nomination went to [[New York City Public Advocate]] [[Mark J. Green]].
Bloomberg received Giuliani's endorsement to succeed him in the 2001 election. He also had a huge campaign spending advantage. Although New York City's [[Campaign finance in the United States|campaign finance]] law restricts the amount of contributions that a candidate can accept, Bloomberg chose not to use public funds and therefore his campaign was not subject to these restrictions. He spent $73 million of his own money on his campaign, outspending Green five to one.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html |title=Mike's Wrong, Campaign Fixes Make Sense |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |author=Russianoff, Gene |date=December 9, 2003 |archive-date=January 5, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105025803/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html|author-link=Gene Russianoff |url-status=dead }}</ref> One of the major themes of his campaign was that, with the city's economy suffering from the effects of the World Trade Center attacks, it needed a mayor with business experience.
In addition to running on the Republican line, Bloomberg ran on the ticket of the controversial [[Independence Party of New York|Independence Party]], in which "[[Social Therapy]]" leaders [[Fred Newman (philosopher)|Fred Newman]] and [[Lenora Fulani]] exerted strong influence. Bloomberg's votes on that line exceeded his margin of victory over Green. (Under New York's [[Electoral fusion|fusion]] rules, a candidate can run on more than one party's line and combine all the votes received.) Another factor was the vote in [[Staten Island]], which has traditionally been friendlier to Republicans than the rest of the city. Bloomberg received 75 percent of the vote in Staten Island. Overall, he won 50.3 percent to 47.9 percent.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}
In the wake of the September 11 attacks, Bloomberg's administration made a successful bid to host the 2004 Republican National Convention. The [[2004 Republican National Convention protest activity|convention drew thousands of protesters]], among them New Yorkers who despised Bush and the [[George W. Bush|Bush]] administration's pursuit of the [[Iraq war]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-30-na-bloomberg30-story.html|title=Bloomberg Walks a Fine Line as Host|date=August 30, 2004|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bloomberg Makes City's Bid For 2004 G.O.P. Convention |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/nyregion/bloomberg-makes-city-s-bid-for-2004-gop-convention.html |website=The New York Times |first=Raymond |last=Hernandez |date=June 18, 2002 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
==== 2005 election ====
{{Main|2005 New York City mayoral election}}
Bloomberg was re-elected mayor in November 2005 by a margin of 20 percent, the widest margin ever for a Republican mayor of New York City.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html |title=Bloomberg wins by a KO: Crushes Ferrer by nearly 20-point margin |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=November 9, 2005 |access-date=November 12, 2008 |archive-date=November 26, 2005 |first1=Lisa L. |last1=Colangelo |first2=David |last2=Saltonstall |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126142753/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> He spent almost $78 million on his campaign, exceeding the record of $74 million he spent on the previous election. In late 2004 or early 2005, Bloomberg gave the [[Independence Party of New York]] $250,000 to fund a phone bank seeking to recruit volunteers for his re-election campaign.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Haberman, Maggie |author2=Saltonstall, David |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html |title=Mayor Hires Indys To Hunt volunteers |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=January 5, 2005 |archive-date=January 5, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050105171254/http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html |access-date=July 12, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Former Bronx Borough President [[Fernando Ferrer]] won the Democratic nomination to oppose Bloomberg in the general election. [[Thomas Ognibene]] sought to run against Bloomberg in the Republican Party's primary election.<ref name=schulman>{{cite news |last=Schulman |first=Robin |date=August 4, 2005 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/nyregion/metrocampaigns/04ognibene.html |title=Ognibene Loses Bid for Line on Ballot Against Bloomberg |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> The Bloomberg campaign successfully challenged the signatures Ognibene submitted to the Board of Elections to prevent Ognibene from appearing on ballots for the Republican primary.<ref name=schulman /> Instead, Ognibene ran on only the [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party]] ticket.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clyne |first=Meghan |url=https://www.nysun.com/new-york/ognibene-will-fight-bloomberg-all-the-way/12873/ |title=Ognibene Will Fight Bloomberg All the Way to November Election |work=[[The New York Sun]] |date=April 27, 2005 }}</ref> Ognibene accused Bloomberg of betraying Republican Party ideals, a feeling echoed by others.<ref>{{cite news |last=Levy |first=Julia |url=https://www.nysun.com/new-york/bloombergs-republican-problem/20193/ |title=Bloomberg's 'Republican' Problem |work=[[The New York Sun]] |date=September 19, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lagorio |first=Christine |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gop-mayors-reign-over-liberal-nyc/ |title=GOP Mayors Reign Over Liberal NYC |work=[[CBS News]] |date=October 22, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Gerald |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece |url-status=dead |title=Democrats Celebrate as Voters Pile Woe Upon Woe for Bush |work=[[The Times]] |date=November 10, 2005 |access-date=October 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614213156/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece |archive-date=June 14, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rudin |first=Ken |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11221628 |title=Bloomberg News: A 'Subway Series' for President? |work=NPR |date=June 20, 2007 }}</ref>
Bloomberg opposed the confirmation of [[John G. Roberts|John Roberts]] as [[Chief Justice of the United States]].<ref name="PR- 354-05">{{cite web |title=Statement By Mayor Bloomberg On Supreme Court Chief Justice Nominee John Roberts |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/354-05/statement-mayor-bloomberg-supreme-court-chief-justice-nominee-john-roberts |first1=Edward |last1=Skyler |first2=Jordan |last2=Barowitz |publisher=The City of New York |access-date=January 20, 2011 |date=September 16, 2005}}</ref> Bloomberg is a staunch supporter of [[Pro-Choice|abortion rights]] and did not believe that Roberts was committed to maintaining ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''.<ref name="PR- 354-05" /> In addition to Republican support, Bloomberg obtained the endorsements of several prominent Democrats: former Democratic Mayor [[Ed Koch]]; former Democratic governor [[Hugh Carey]]; former Democratic City Council Speaker [[Peter Vallone]], and his son, Councilman [[Peter Vallone Jr.]]; former Democratic Congressman [[Floyd Flake]] (who had previously endorsed Bloomberg in 2001), and [[Brooklyn]] [[Borough President]] [[Marty Markowitz]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html |title=Mike Soaks Up 2 Big Nods: Vallones Cross Party Line for Mayor |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=October 9, 2005 |access-date=November 12, 2008 |archive-date=January 4, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104155720/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html |first=Celeste |last=Katz |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==== 2009 election ====
{{Main|2009 New York City mayoral election}}
[[File:Mayor Michael Bloomberg (cropped).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg in 2007]]
On October 2, 2008, Bloomberg announced he would seek to extend the [[New York City mayoral elections#Terms and term limits (since 1834)|city's term limits law]] and run for a third mayoral term in 2009, arguing a leader of his field was needed following the [[financial crisis of 2007–08]]. "Handling this financial crisis while strengthening essential services ... is a challenge I want to take on," Bloomberg said at a news conference. "So should the City Council vote to amend term limits, I plan to ask New Yorkers to look at my record of independent leadership and then decide if I have earned another term."<ref name=Honan_Reuters_20081002>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN0228265920081002 |title=NYC's Bloomberg Says To Seek Third Term as Mayor |date=October 2, 2008 |author=Honan, Edith |work=Reuters}}</ref>
[[Ronald Lauder]], who campaigned for New York City's term limits in 1993 and spent over 4 million dollars of his own money to limit the maximum years a mayor could serve to eight years,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/nyregion/ronald-lauder-leader-of-term-limit-band.html |title=Ronald Lauder, Leader Of Term-Limit Band |author=Steven Lee Myers |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 24, 1993 |url-access=limited}}</ref> sided with Bloomberg and agreed to stay out of future legality issues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/lauder-favors-a-third-term-for-bloomberg/ |title=Lauder Favors a Third Term for Bloomberg |first=Jonathan P. |last=Hicks |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 30, 2008 |url-access=limited}}</ref> In exchange, he was promised a seat on an influential city board by Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/term-limit-deal-ronald-lauder-agrees-stay-legal-battle-return-city-board-seat-article-1.299400 |title=Term limit deal: Ronald Lauder agrees to stay out of legal battle in return for city board seat |first=Erin |last=Einhorn |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=October 6, 2008}}</ref>
Some people and organizations objected and [[NYPIRG]] filed a complaint with the City Conflict of Interest Board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106100625/http://mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 6, 2012 |title=Citizens Union/NYPIRG Forum on Term Limits Tonight |publisher=mas.org}}</ref> On October 23, 2008, the City Council voted 29–22 in favor of extending the term limit to three consecutive four-year terms.<ref name="nyccouncil">{{cite news |url=http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html |title={{-'}}Aye' And Mighty: Bloomberg's Wish Is Granted |website=[[WCBS-TV]] |date=October 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025085132/http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html |first=Marcia |last=Kramer |archive-date=October 25, 2008}}</ref> After two days of public hearings, Bloomberg signed the bill into law on November 3.<ref name=Chan-Chen_NYT_20081103>{{cite news |url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/03/bloomberg-hears-opponents-of-term-limits-bill |title=City Room: After an Earful, Mayor Signs Term Limits Bill |work=[[The New York Times]] |author-link=Sewell Chan |last1=Chan |first1=Sewell |last2=Chen |first2=David W. |date=November 3, 2008 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg's bid for a third term generated some controversy. Civil libertarians such as former [[New York Civil Liberties Union]] Director [[Norman Siegel]] and New York Civil Rights Coalition Executive Director Michael Meyers joined with local politicians to protest the process as undermining the democratic process.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374 |title=New Yorkers Protest Against Bloomberg Plan to Override Term Limits. |publisher=Archive.sohojournal.com |date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208140310/http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374 |first=Jo |last=Panisch |archive-date=December 8, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Bloomberg's opponent was [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Working Families Party]] nominee [[Bill Thompson (New York)|Bill Thompson]], who had been [[New York City Comptroller]] for the past eight years and before that, president of the [[New York City Board of Education]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov |title=Office of the New York City Controller |publisher=Comptroller.nyc.gov |date=April 14, 2014 |access-date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> Bloomberg defeated Thompson by a vote of 51 percent to 46 percent.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html |title=2009 Election Results |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 5, 2009 |access-date=May 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107034641/http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html |archive-date=November 7, 2009}}</ref> Bloomberg spent $109.2 million on his 2009 campaign, outspending Thompson by a margin of more than 11 to one.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.silive.com/news/2010/07/final_total_of_mayor_bloomberg.html|title=Final total of Mayor Bloomberg's 2009 campaign: $109M|agency=Associated Press|date=July 15, 2010|website=silive}}</ref>
After the release of Independence Party campaign filings in January 2010, it was reported that Bloomberg had made two $600,000 contributions from his personal account to the Independence Party on October 30 and November 2, 2009.<ref>{{cite news |author-link=Elizabeth Benjamin (journalist) |last=Benjamin |first=Elizabeth |title=Bloomberg's Independence (Pay)Day |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=January 25, 2010 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130014725/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html |archive-date=January 30, 2010}}</ref> The Independence Party then paid $750,000 of that money to Republican Party political operative John Haggerty Jr.<ref>{{cite news |last=Eligon |first=John |title=How G.O.P. Worker Got Bloomberg Money Is Investigated |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/nyregion/10independence.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
This prompted an investigation beginning in February 2010 by the office of [[New York County District Attorney]] [[Cyrus Vance Jr.]] into possible improprieties.<ref>{{cite news |last=Benjamin |first=Elizabeth |title=Vance Investigating Indy/Bloomberg/Haggerty Connection |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=February 9, 2010 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215225017/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html |archive-date=February 15, 2010}}</ref> The Independence Party later questioned how Haggerty spent the money, which was to go to poll-watchers.<ref>{{cite news |author=Benjamin, Elizabeth |title=Independence Party to Haggerty: Where's Our Money? |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=February 12, 2010 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217092127/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010}}</ref> Former New York State Senator [[Martin Connor]] contended that because the Bloomberg donations were made to an Independence Party housekeeping account rather than to an account meant for current campaigns, this was a violation of campaign finance laws.<ref>{{cite news |author=Barrett, Wayne |title=Mike Bloomberg's $1.2 Million Indy Party Donation Gets Murkier and Murkier |work=[[The Village Voice]] |date=March 2, 2010 |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709162713/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php |archive-date=July 9, 2010}}</ref> Haggerty also spent money from a separate $200,000 donation from Bloomberg on office space.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Calder, Rich |author2=Seifman, David |title=Mike Poll Watcher Also Rented Office |work=[[New York Post]] |date=February 16, 2010 |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/queens/mike_poll_watcher_also_rented_office_qVYB5U94wgeOcz0uJKNVrN |access-date=February 16, 2010}}</ref>
==== 2013 election ====
{{Main|2013 New York City mayoral election}}
On September 13, 2013, Bloomberg announced that he would not endorse any of the candidates to succeed him.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael |last1=Barbaro |first2=Kate |last2=Taylor |title=Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html |work=The New York Times |date=September 13, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bloomberg focused on his legacy as he prepares to leave office |url=https://news.yahoo.com/michael-bloomberg-election-future-231927885.html |first=Holly |last=Bailey |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=November 6, 2013}}</ref> On his radio show, he stated, "I don't want to do anything that complicates it for the next mayor. And that's one of the reasons I've decided I'm just not going to make an endorsement in the race." He added, "I want to make sure that person is ready to succeed, to take what we've done and build on that."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html|title=Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor|first1=Michael|last1=Barbaro|first2=Kate|last2=Taylor|date=September 13, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited}}</ref>
[[File:PM Narendra Modi with Michael Bloomberg.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in 2015]]
Bloomberg praised ''[[The New York Times]]'' for its endorsement of [[Christine Quinn]] and [[Joe Lhota]] as their favorite candidates in the Democratic and Republican primaries, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=In Conversation: Michael Bloomberg |url=http://nymag.com/news/politics/bloomberg/in-conversation-2013-9/# |first=Chris |last=Smith |work=New York |date=September 7, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg: I Won't Endorse Candidate In New York City Mayor Race |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/13/michael-bloomberg-endorse-no-new-york-city-mayor-race_n_3920428.html |work=The Huffington Post |date=September 13, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013 |first=Christopher |last=Mathias}}</ref> Quinn came in third in the Democratic primary and Lhota won the Republican primary. Bloomberg criticized Democratic mayoral candidate [[Bill de Blasio]]'s campaign methods, which he initially called "racist;" Bloomberg later downplayed and partially retracted those remarks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Louis |first=Errol |title=Bloomberg's 'racist' remark reveals much |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/09/opinion/louis-bloomberg-de-blasio |publisher=CNN |date=September 9, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref><ref name=AtlanticRacist>{{cite news |last=Simpson |first=Connor |title=New York Alters Bloomberg 'Racist' Accusation |url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/politics/2013/09/michael-bloomberg-calls-bill-de-blasios-campaign-racist/69157 |work=The Atlantic |date=September 7, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref>
On January 1, 2014, de Blasio became New York City's new mayor, succeeding Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |last=Deprez |first=Esmé E. |title=Obama Endorses Fellow Democrat De Blasio for New York Mayor |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-23/obama-endorses-fellow-democrat-de-blasio-for-new-york-city-mayor.html |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=October 10, 2013 |date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>
=== Post-mayoral political involvement ===
{{See also|Draft Bloomberg movement}}
Bloomberg was frequently mentioned as a possible [[centrist]] candidate for the presidential elections in [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=December 31, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/31/us/politics/31bloomberg.html |title=Bloomberg Moves Closer to Running for President |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 31, 2007 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author-link=David Broder |last=Broder |first=David S. |date=December 30, 2007 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/29/AR2007122901476.html |title=Bipartisan Group Eyes Independent Bid |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=November 13, 2016 }}</ref> and [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], as well as for governor of New York [[2010 New York gubernatorial election|in 2010]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/11062007/news/regionalnews/mikes_secret_bid_to_run_vs__spitzer_789523.htm |first1=Frederic U. |last1=Dicker |first2=David |last2=Seifman |title=Mike's Secret Bid To Run vs. Spitzer |work=[[New York Post]] |date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref> or vice-president in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2007/06/mike-for-veep-001897 |title=Mike for Veep? |work=[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]] |author=Smith, Ben |date=June 21, 2007}}</ref> He eventually declined to seek all of these offices.
In the immediate aftermath of [[Hurricane Sandy]] in November 2012, Bloomberg penned an op-ed officially endorsing [[Barack Obama]] for president, citing Obama's policies on climate change.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2012-11-01/a-vote-for-a-president-to-lead-on-climate-change |first=Michael R. |last=Bloomberg |date=November 1, 2012 |title=A Vote for a President to Lead on Climate Change |work=Bloomberg |access-date=November 1, 2012 }}</ref><ref name=bloomswitch>{{cite news |last=Hernadez |first=Raymond |title=Bloomberg Backs Obama, Citing Fallout From Storm |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/nyregion/bloomberg-endorses-obama-saying-hurricane-sandy-affected-decision.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 3, 2012 |url-access=limited |date=November 1, 2012 |quote=he had decided over the past several days that Mr. Obama was the better candidate to tackle the global climate change that he believes might have contributed to the violent storm}}</ref>
==== 2016 elections ====
[[File:Michael Bloomberg 2016 DNC CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg|thumb|right|Bloomberg speaking at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]]]]
On January 23, 2016, it was reported that Bloomberg was again considering a presidential run, as an independent candidate in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]], if Bernie Sanders got the Democratic party nomination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/nyregion/bloomberg-sensing-an-opening-revisits-a-potential-white-house-run.html|title=Bloomberg, Sensing an Opening, Revisits a Potential White House Run|first1=Alexander|last1=Burns|first2=Maggie|last2=Haberman|date=January 23, 2016|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/01/bernie-sanders-may-inspire-michael-bloomberg-to-run-for-president|title=Michael Bloomberg May Enter The Presidential Race|first=Rachel|last=Handler|website=Vanity Fair}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://morningconsult.com/2016/01/24/poll-bloomberg-vs-sanders-vs-trump/|title=Poll: Bloomberg vs. Sanders vs. Trump|date=January 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-mulling-run-for-president-as-an-independent-1453568255 |title=Michael Bloomberg Mulling Run for President as Independent |author=Mara Gay |date=January 24, 2016 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg mulls presidential run on heels of Trump surge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/23/michael-bloomberg-considers-third-party-presidential-bid |newspaper=The Guardian |date=January 23, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2016 |issn=0261-3077 |first=Edward |last=Helmore}}</ref> This was the first time he had officially confirmed he was considering a run.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg: I'm considering 2016 bid |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/08/politics/michael-bloomberg-2016-election/ |newspaper=CNN |date=February 8, 2016 |access-date=February 9, 2016 |first=Dylan |last=Byers}}</ref> Bloomberg supporters believed that Bloomberg could run as a centrist and capture many voters who were dissatisfied with the likely Democratic and Republican nominees.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2016/02/18/michael-bloombergs-moment |title=Michael Bloomberg's Moment |work=The Economist |date=February 20, 2016 |access-date=February 19, 2020 }}</ref> However, on March 7, Bloomberg announced he would not be running for president.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2016-03-07/the-2016-election-risk-that-michael-bloomberg-won-t-take |access-date=February 19, 2020 |title=The Risk I Will Not Take |first=Michael R. |last=Bloomberg |date=March 7, 2016 |publisher=Bloomberg View}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-not-running-for-president.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Will Not Enter Presidential Race |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |date=March 7, 2016 |last2=Burns |first2=Alexander |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=March 7, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
In July 2016, Bloomberg delivered a speech at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]] in which he called Hillary Clinton "the right choice".<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-07-28/the-independent-s-case-for-clinton |title=The Independent's Case for Clinton |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael R. |date=July 27, 2016 |work=Bloomberg.com |access-date=July 26, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bloom4hillary">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-hillary-clinton-dnc.html |title=Dismayed by Donald Trump, Michael Bloomberg Will Endorse Hillary Clinton |last=Burns |first=Alexander |date=July 24, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=July 27, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="vox_prokopday3">{{cite news |last1=Prokop |first1=Andrew |title=How to watch the Democratic convention 2016: DNC live stream, TV channel, and schedule of events |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12268364/watch-dnc-democratic-convention-2016-live-stream-tv-channel-schedule-events |access-date=July 27, 2016 |publisher=Vox |date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg warned of the dangers a Donald Trump presidency would pose. He said Trump "wants you to believe that we can solve our biggest problems by deporting Mexicans and shutting out Muslims. He wants you to believe that erecting trade barriers will bring back good jobs. He's wrong on both counts." Bloomberg also said Trump's economic plans "would make it harder for small businesses to compete" and would "erode our influence in the world". Trump responded to the speech by condemning Bloomberg in a series of tweets.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Prokop |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/29/12324696/donald-trump-michael-bloomberg-dnc |title=Michael Bloomberg's DNC speech really got under Trump's skin |date=July 29, 2016 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |access-date=July 31, 2016}}</ref>
==== 2018 elections ====
In June 2018, Bloomberg pledged $80 million to support Democratic congressional candidates in the [[United States House of Representatives election, 2018|2018 election]], with the goal of flipping control of the Republican-controlled House to Democrats. In a statement, Bloomberg said that Republican House leadership were "absolutely feckless" and had failed to govern responsibly. Bloomberg advisor [[Howard Wolfson]] was chosen to lead the effort, which was to target mainly suburban districts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Alexander |last=Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/mike-bloomberg-democrats-election.html |access-date=February 19, 2020 |title=Michael Bloomberg Will Spend $80 Million on the Midterms. His Goal: Flip the House for the Democrats |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 20, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref> By early October, Bloomberg had committed more than $100 million to returning the House and Senate to Democratic power, fueling speculation about a presidential run in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/2018-midterm-elections-michael-bloomberg-house-democrats-88857edd-928a-483f-90ff-0472d8b766e9.html |title=Scoop: Michael Bloomberg becomes House Dems' $100 million man |last=Allen |first=Mike |date=September 27, 2018 |website=Axios |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> On October 10, 2018, Bloomberg announced that he had returned to the Democratic party.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 10, 2018 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/10/politics/michael-bloomberg-registers-as-a-democrat/index.html |title=Bloomberg re-registers as a Democrat, saying the party must provide 'checks and balances' |first=Devan |last=Cole |work=CNN |access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref>
=== 2020 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign}}
[[File:Mike Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign logo.svg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bloomberg's [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]] logo]]
[[File:Michael Bloomberg (49474988353).jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bloomberg at a campaign rally in [[Phoenix, Arizona]] in February 2020]]
On March 5, 2019, Bloomberg had announced that he would not run for president in 2020. Instead, he encouraged the Democratic Party to "nominate a Democrat who will be in the strongest position to defeat [[Donald Trump]]".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Associated Press]] |first=Steve |last=Peoples |title=Ex-NYC Mayor Bloomberg won't run for president in 2020 |url=https://www.apnews.com/8a5d3aebc5bb4e4e97d301e119cd95a2 |date=March 5, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref> However, due to his dissatisfaction with the Democratic field, Bloomberg reconsidered. He officially launched his campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination on November 24, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020-presidency.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Joins 2020 Democratic Field for President |last=Burns |first=Alexander |date=November 24, 2019 |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 24, 2019 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg self-funded his campaign from his personal fortune, and did not accept campaign contributions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/23/michael-bloomberg-refuse-donations-presidential-bid|title=Michael Bloomberg vows to refuse donations as presidential bid looms|date=November 23, 2019| agency=Associated Press| work=The Guardian|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg's campaign suffered from his lackluster performance in two televised debates.<ref name=EndCostlyBid>Patricia Mazzei, Rebecca R. Ruiz & Jeremy W. Peters, [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-drops-out.html Michael Bloomberg Quits Democratic Race, Ending a Brief and Costly Bid], ''New York Times'' (March 4, 2020).</ref> When Bloomberg participated in his first presidential debate, [[Elizabeth Warren]] challenged him to release women from non-disclosure agreements relating to their [[Bloomberg L.P.#Controversies|allegations of sexual harassment at Bloomberg L.P.]] Two days later, Bloomberg announced that there were three women who had made complaints concerning him, and added that he would release any of the three if they request him to do so.<ref>{{Cite news| last1=Corasaniti|first1=Nick|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/21/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-nda.html| title=Bloomberg, in Reversal, Says He'll Release 3 Women From Nondisclosure Agreements| date=February 21, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 22, 2020|last2=Grynbaum| first2=Michael M.|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg offers to release women from three confidentiality agreements |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/21/politics/michael-bloomberg-nondisclosure-release/index.html |date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Warren continued her attack in the second debate the next week. Others criticized Bloomberg for his wealth and campaign spending,<ref name="Feb 25 debate">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg improves from his last debate — but is it enough? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bloomberg-improves-from-his-last-debate--but-is-it-enough/2020/02/25/ec87f7ba-57ef-11ea-9b35-def5a027d470_story.html |access-date=February 29, 2020 |issue=February 26, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="debate 2 carville">{{cite news |title=Carville on Debate: "Warren Gives The Impression That She'd Rather Beat Bloomberg Than Win Herself" |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/02/25/carville_on_debate_warren_gives_the_impression_that_shed_rather_beat_bloomberg_than_win_herself.html |date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> as well as his former affiliation with the Republican Party.<ref name=EndCostlyBid />
As a late entrant to the race, Bloomberg skipped the first four state primaries and caucuses.<ref name=Mehta>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-04/michael-bloomberg-quits-presidential-race|title=Michael Bloomberg drops out of the presidential race and endorses Joe Biden|author=Seema Mehta|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> He spent $676 million of his personal fortune on the primary campaign, breaking a record for the most money ever spent on a presidential primary campaign.<ref name=Mehta /> His campaign blanketed the country with campaign advertisements on broadcast and cable television, the Internet, and radio,<ref>{{cite web| author=Jessica Taylor|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797048821/new-figures-show-billionaire-candidates-spending-big-with-little-return|title=New Figures Show Billionaire Candidates Spending Big, With Little Return|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=January 17, 2020}}</ref> as well as [[direct mail]].<ref name=EndCostlyBid /> Bloomberg also spent heavily on campaign operations that grew to 200 field offices and more than 2,400 paid campaign staffers.<ref name=EndCostlyBid /> His support in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|nationwide opinion polls]] hovered around 15 percent but stagnated or dropped before [[Super Tuesday]],<ref>Yelena Dzhanova, [https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/26/mike-bloomberg-stalls-in-presidential-polls-ahead-of-super-tuesday-vote.html Mike Bloomberg's momentum stalls in presidential polls ahead of Super Tuesday vote], CNBC (February 26, 2020).</ref> while former Vice President [[Joe Biden]] had become the centrist frontrunner after receiving the support of major candidates [[Pete Buttigieg]] and [[Amy Klobuchar]] shortly before Super Tuesday. Bloomberg suspended his campaign on March 4, 2020, after a disappointing Super Tuesday in which he [[2020 United States presidential caucuses in American Samoa|won only American Samoa]], and subsequently endorsed Biden.<ref name=Mehta /><ref name=EndCostlyBid /> Bloomberg donated $18M to the Democratic National Committee and publicly planned a "massive spending blitz" to support Biden's campaign.<ref>{{Cite web| last=Schwartz| first=Brian| date=May 15, 2020|title=Mike Bloomberg plots spending blitz to support Joe Biden's run for president|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/15/mike-bloomberg-plots-spending-blitz-to-back-joe-biden-campaign.html| access-date=July 24, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>
When a ''[[60 Minutes]]'' correspondent remarked on March 1 that Bloomberg had spent twice what President Trump had raised, he was asked how much he would spend. Bloomberg replied, "I'm making an investment in this country. My investment is I'm going to remove President Trump from 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue or at least try as hard as I can."<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-bloomberg-2020-democratic-presidential-candidate-60-minutes-2020-03-01/| title=Mike Bloomberg tells 60 Minutes why he should be president|author=Pelley, Scott| date=March 1, 2020|access-date=March 4, 2020|publisher=CBS News}}</ref>
Speaking on the final night of the 2020 Democratic National Convention, Bloomberg took aim at Trump's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the American economy: "Would you rehire or work for someone who ran your business into the ground? Who always does what's best for him or her, even when it hurts the company, and whose reckless decisions put you in danger, and who spends more time tweeting than working? If the answer is no, why the hell would we ever rehire Donald Trump for another four years?"<ref>{{Cite web|first=Daniel|last=Villarreal |date=August 20, 2020|title=Mike Bloomberg trashes Donald Trump's business record in fiery DNC speech| url=https://www.newsweek.com/mike-bloomberg-trashes-donald-trumps-business-record-fiery-dnc-speech-1526608|access-date=September 8, 2020|website=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| date=August 21, 2020|title=Don't Rehire a Failed President|language=en| work=Bloomberg.com| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-08-21/michael-bloomberg-dnc-speech-why-i-m-voting-for-joe-biden|access-date=September 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Thrush| first=Glenn |date=August 28, 2020|title=Joe Biden Pledges to 'Overcome This Season of Darkness' as the D.N.C. Ends |language=en-US|work=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/08/20/us/dnc-convention-election| access-date=September 8, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Political positions ==
{{Main|Political positions of Michael Bloomberg}}
[[File:Michael Bloomberg speech cropped (2).jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Bloomberg delivering a speech in 2004]]
Bloomberg was a lifelong [[Democratic Party of the United States|Democrat]] until 2001, when he switched to the [[Republican Party of the United States|Republican Party]] to run for Mayor. He switched to an [[Independent politician|independent]] in 2007 and registered again as a Democrat in October 2018.<ref name="Vox1">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/8/18221878/michael-bloomberg-2020-president-campaign-democrat-policies |title=Michael Bloomberg's 2020 presidential campaign and policy positions, explained |last=Stewart |first=Emily |work=Vox |date=November 25, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/10/10/17959224/michael-bloomberg-democrat-republican-2020-donald-trump |title=Michael Bloomberg is a Democrat again, fueling speculation about 2020 aspirations |last=Stewart |first=Emily |work=Vox |date=October 10, 2018 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Bloomberg|title=Michael Bloomberg {{!}} Biography, Business, Mayorship, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref> In 2004, he endorsed the re-election of [[George W. Bush]] and spoke at the [[2004 Republican National Convention]]. He endorsed [[Barack Obama]]'s re-election in 2012, endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]], and spoke at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]].<ref name=politico1>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/26/bloomberg-republican-endorsement-2020-073807 |title=Mike Bloomberg to donate $10 million to House Democrats targeted by GOP |last=Otterbein |first=Holly |work=Politico |date=November 26, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref>
As Mayor of New York, Bloomberg supported government initiatives in public health and welfare.<ref name="businessinsider" /><ref name=ukspeech>{{cite web |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/348-07/mayor-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-2007-conservative-party-conference |title=Mayor Bloomberg Delivers Remarks at 2007 Conservative Party Conference |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael |website=nyc.gov |date=September 30, 2007 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=Luhby>Tami Luhby, [https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/25/politics/bloomberg-smoking-calorie-counts-trans-fat/index.html Three Bloomberg policies all of America now lives with], CNN (February 25, 2020).</ref> This included [[tobacco control]] efforts (including an increase in the legal age to purchase tobacco products, a ban on smoking in indoor workplaces, and an increase in the cigarette tax);<ref name=Luhby /><ref>{{Cite web |work=tobaccofreekids.org |url=https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/blog/2013_11_19_bloomberg1 |title = Mayor Bloomberg Signs Landmark Bills to Further Reduce Smoking in New York City|date = November 20, 2013}}</ref> the elimination of the use of artificial [[trans fats]] in restaurants;<ref name=Luhby /> and bans on all flavored tobacco and e-cigarette products including menthol flavors.<ref>{{Cite web |work=nydailynews.com |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-mike-bloomberg-ecigs-cigarettes-vaping-20200115-5awd5ivmejg5tgbvpm4ujcpxnu-story.html |title = Bloomberg calls for nationwide crackdown on e-cigs}}</ref> Bloomberg also launched an unsuccessful effort to [[Sugary drinks portion cap rule|ban on certain large (more than 16 fluid ounce) sugary sodas]] at restaurants and food service establishments in the city.<ref name=Luhby /> These initiatives were supported by public health advocates<ref name=Luhby /><ref name=Badger>{{Cite web |first=Emily |last=Badger |date=October 31, 2013 |url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2013/10/radical-case-bloombergs-nanny-state/7434/ |work=[[Citylab]] |title = The Radical Case for Bloomberg's 'Nanny' State}}</ref> but were criticized by some as "[[nanny state]]" policies.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Frank |last=James |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/05/31/154063100/bloomberg-becomes-for-some-a-nanny-state-symbol-giving-obama-a-breather |title=Bloomberg Becomes Nanny-State Epitome for Some, Giving Obama a Breather |work=NPR |date=May 31, 2012 }}</ref>
Over his career, Bloomberg has "mingled support for progressive causes with more conservative positions on law enforcement, business regulation and [[school choice]]."<ref name=EmpireInfluence>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/15/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-spending.html|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Bloomberg's Billions: How the Candidate Built an Empire of Influence|first1=Alexander|last1=Burns|first2=Nicholas|last2=Kulish|date=February 15, 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref> Bloomberg supports gun-control measures, abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants.<ref name="businessinsider">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-michael-bloomberg-bio-age-family-and-key-positions-2019-11 |title=Michael Bloomberg is running for president in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition. |last=Relman |first=Eliza |work=Business Insider |date=February 11, 2020 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> He advocates for a [[public health insurance option]] that he has called "Medicare for all for people that are uncovered" rather than a universal [[single-payer healthcare]] system.<ref name="businessinsider" /> He is concerned about [[climate change]] and has touted his mayoral efforts to reduce [[greenhouse gases]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/michael-bloomberg-talks-climate-change-article-1.2511688 |title=Michael Bloomberg talks climate change with UN |first=Jennifer |last=Fermino |date=January 27, 2016 |work=NY Daily News}}</ref> Bloomberg supported the [[Iraq War]] and opposed creating a timeline for withdrawing troops.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.city-journal.org/bloomberg-foreign-policy-presidential-run |title=The Mayor and the World |last=Miller |first=Judith |author-link=Judith Miller |work=[[City Journal]] |date=November 11, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Manchester |first1=Julia |title=Bloomberg on backing 2003 invasion of Iraq: 'I don't live in a regret world' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/477144-bloomberg-on-backing-2003-invasion-of-iraq-i-dont-live-in-a-regret-world |website=The Hill |access-date=February 18, 2020|date=January 7, 2020 }}</ref> Bloomberg has sometimes embraced the use of [[surveillance]] in efforts to deter crime and protect against terrorism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newyork-surveillance/bloomberg-defends-city-surveillance-camera-plan-idUSN0243142020071002 |title=Bloomberg defends city surveillance camera plan |author=Honan, Edith |work=Reuters |date=October 2, 2007 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://observer.com/2013/04/bloomberg-says-post-boston-interpretation-of-the-constitution-will-have-to-change/ |title=Bloomberg Says Interpretation of Constitution Will 'Have to Change' After Boston Bombing |last=Colvin |first=Jill |work=Observer |date=April 22, 2013 |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref>
During and after<ref name=mcharris /> his tenure, he was a staunch supporter of [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop-and-frisk]]. In November 2019, Bloomberg apologized for supporting it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldmacher |first1=Shane |title=Michael Bloomberg Pushed 'Stop-and-Frisk' Policing. Now He's Apologizing. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/17/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-speech.html |work=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2019 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.democracynow.org/2020/2/12/michael_bloomberg_aspen_2015_unearthed_audio |work=[[Democracy Now!]] |date=February 12, 2020 |first=Amy |last=Goodman |author-link=Amy Goodman |title = Meet the Journalist Who Exposed Bloomberg's Racist Defense of Targeting Black & Brown Youth}}</ref><ref name=mcharris>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/02/16/should-mike-bloombergs-stop-and-frisk-record-disqualify-him/ |title=Should Mike Bloomberg's stop-and-frisk record disqualify him? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 16, 2020 |first=Philip V. |last=McHarris |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> He advocates reversing many of the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Trump tax cuts]]. His own tax plan includes implementing a 5 percent surtax on incomes above $5 million a year and would raise federal revenue by $5 trillion over a decade. He opposes a [[wealth tax]], saying that it would likely be found unconstitutional.<ref name="tax plan 2020">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Proposes $5 Trillion in Taxes on the Rich and Corporations |first1=Jim |last1=Tankersley |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-tax-plan.html |access-date=February 16, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=February 1, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hirsch |first=Lauren |title='I will pay more': Bloomberg unveils $5 trillion tax plan targeting the wealthy and corporations |date=February 1, 2020 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/01/billionaire-mike-bloomberg-calls-for-tax-on-incomes-over-5-million.html |website=CNBC |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> He has also proposed more stringent financial regulations that include tougher oversight for big banks, a [[financial transactions tax]], and stronger consumer protections.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Merle |first1=Renae |title=Bloomberg's new plan to crack down on Wall Street includes financial transactions tax |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/02/18/bloombergs-new-plan-crack-down-wall-street-includes-financial-transactions-tax/ |website=The Washington Post |access-date=February 18, 2020 |date=February 18, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg stated that running as a Democrat{{snd}}not an independent{{snd}}was the only path he saw to defeating [[Donald Trump]], saying: "In 2020, the great likelihood is that an independent would just split the anti-Trump vote and end up re-electing the President. That's a risk I refused to run in 2016 and we can't afford to run it now."<ref name="Vox1" />
== Philanthropy ==
{{Main|Bloomberg Philanthropies}}
{{See also|Everytown for Gun Safety}}
In August 2010, Bloomberg signed [[The Giving Pledge]], whereby the wealthy pledge to give away at least half of their wealth. Since then, he has given away $9.5 billion overall including $3.3 billion in 2019. According to Chronicle of Philanthropy, he gave away the most money of any philanthropist in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Di Mento|first1=Maria|last2=Rendon|first2=Jim|date=February 11, 2020|title=Michael Bloomberg Tops Philanthropy 50 as Records for Billion-Dollar Giving Are Set|work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Tops/248009|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704017904575409713589040490 |title=Mayor Pledges Wealth |last=Banjo |first=Shelly |date=August 5, 2010 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=April 22, 2017 |issn=0099-9660 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
According to a profile in ''[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]'', his [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] foundation has five areas of focus: public health, the arts, government innovation, the environment, and education.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sridhar |last=Pappu |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1769004/whats-next-michael-bloomberg |title=What's Next For Michael Bloomberg |work=[[Fast Company]] |date=August 8, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Conservative Billionaire Richard Scaife Tops List of 50 Biggest Donors |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Conservative-Billionaire/235234 |first1=Maria |last1=Di Mento |first2=Drew |last2=Lindsay |website=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |access-date=February 11, 2016 |date=February 9, 2016}}</ref> Through the Foundation, he has donated and/or pledged $767 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Annual Report {{!}} Bloomberg Philanthropies|url=https://annualreport.bloomberg.org/|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=2019 Annual Report|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |first=Maria |last=Di Mento |url=http://philanthropy.com/article/No-5-Michael-R-Bloomberg/130550 |title=No. 5: Michael R. Bloomberg |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |date=February 6, 2012 }}</ref>
2011 recipients included the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids; [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]; [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]]; [[World Lung Foundation]] and the [[World Health Organization]]. According to ''The New York Times'', Bloomberg was an "anonymous donor" to the [[Carnegie Corporation]] from 2001 to 2010, with gifts ranging from $5 million to $20 million each year.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/19/nyregion/19bloomberg.html |title=Bloomberg Is Quietly Ending a Charitable Program |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 18, 2010 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> The [[Carnegie Corporation]] distributed these contributions to hundreds of New York City organizations ranging from the [[Dance Theatre of Harlem]] to [[Gilda's Club]], a non-profit organization that provides support to people and families living with cancer. He continues to support the arts through his foundation.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kate |last=Taylor |url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/bloomberg-family-foundation-to-support-arts |title=Bloomberg Family Foundation to Support Arts |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 15, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg gave $254 million in 2009 to almost 1,400 nonprofit organizations, saying, "I am a big believer in giving it all away and have always said that the best financial planning ends with bouncing the check to the undertaker."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-17/broad-commits-75-of-wealth-to-charity-takes-buffett-up-on-giving-pledge.html |work=Bloomberg |title=Broad, Bloomberg Back Buffett Call for Billionaire Donations |first=Dakin |last=Campbell |date=June 17, 2010}}</ref>
=== COVID-19 response ===
During the 2020 [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] pandemic and its aftermath, Bloomberg through his foundation committed to a wide range of urgent causes including researching treatments and vaccines, leading contact tracing to root out the virus, supporting the World Health Organization, and funding global efforts to fight the spread of the disease and protect vulnerable populations. Action included:
* Cofounding a $75 million fund for nonprofits impacted by COVID-19 in New York City<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cuccinello|first=Hayley C.|title=Michael Bloomberg, Jon Stryker Donate To $75 Million COVID-19 Fund For New York City Nonprofits|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/03/20/michael-bloomberg-jon-stryker-donate-to-75-million-covid-19-fund-for-new-york-city-nonprofits/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>
* Donating $6 million to [[World Central Kitchen]] to serve meals to health care workers in New York City<ref>{{Cite web|last=Di Mento|first=Maria|date=April 20, 2020|title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $6 Million to World Central Kitchen|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Gives-6/248563|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref>
* Partnering with Johns Hopkins University to train COVID-19 contact tracers through its school of public health and search for a treatment of the virus.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Eichensehr|first=Morgan|date=May 13, 2020|title=Johns Hopkins launches free course to train Covid-19 contact tracers worldwide|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2020/05/13/hopkins-launches-free-course-on-conact-tracing.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Watson|first=Tiffany|date=March 27, 2020|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies, State of Maryland fund Johns Hopkins Univ. COVID-19 research|url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/bloomberg-philanthropies-state-of-maryland-fund-johns-hopkins-univ-covid-19-research|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=WBFF}}</ref>
* Convening mayors through a partnership with Harvard College to learn and discuss their pandemic response, featuring a bipartisan roster of speakers and attendees.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hart|first=Kim|title=Michael Bloomberg's coronavirus pivot|url=https://www.axios.com/michael-bloomberg-coronavirus-fb905125-e16b-42cd-a51b-a5ed9f3c9cea.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=March 10, 2020|title=Bloomberg, Gates foundations announce initiatives to help coronavirus response|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90475264/bloomberg-gates-foundations-announce-initiatives-to-help-coronavirus-response|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Leading New York's contact tracing effort<ref>{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Shannon|title=Cuomo, Bloomberg detail plan to trace Covid-19 contacts|url=https://politi.co/2xjEOj8|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Politico PRO|language=en}}</ref>
* Launching an information and action sharing network for cities through the [[National League of Cities]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hart|first=Kim|title=Bloomberg launches coronavirus response network for mayors|url=https://www.axios.com/bloomberg-coronavirus-response-network-mayors-c4cbc603-81f5-4334-8c45-da4813fbb0c2.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref>
* Supporting international efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 and prepare regional leaders through the [[International Rescue Committee]], the [[World Health Organization]], Vital Strategies and other partners<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Bruce Y.|title='One World: Together At Home' Concert: Stars Support COVID-19 Coronavirus Efforts|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2020/04/19/one-world-together-at-home-concert-stars-support-covid-19-coronavirus-efforts/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Prest|first=M.J.|date=April 28, 2020|title=New Grant Commitments for Covid-19 Relief|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/New-Grant-Commitments-for/248647|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies unveils $40M global initiative for COVID-19 response|url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-40m-global-initiative-coronavirus-africa-local-leaders/574289/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Smart Cities Dive|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Environmental advocacy ===
Bloomberg is an environmentalist and has advocated policy to fight climate change at least since he became the mayor of New York City. At the national level, Bloomberg has consistently pushed for transitioning the United States' energy mix from fossil fuels to clean energy. In July 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies donated $50 million to [[Sierra Club]]'s [[Beyond Coal]] campaign, allowing the campaign to expand its efforts to shut down [[coal-fired power plant]]s from 15 states to 45 states.<ref>{{cite news |title=N.Y. Mayor Bloomberg gives $50 million to fight coal-fired power plants |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mayor-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-fight-coal-fired-power-plants/2011/07/20/gIQAEKKURI_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first1=Christian |last1=Torres |first2=Juliet |last2=Eilperin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Bloomberg Donates $50 Million To Sierra Club |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/21/138568843/mayor-bloomberg-donates-50-million-to-sierra-club |date=July 21, 2011 |publisher=NPR |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Elizabeth |last=Shogren}}</ref> In 2015, Bloomberg announced an additional $30 million contribution to the Beyond Coal initiative, matched with another $30 million by other donors, to help secure the retirement of half of America's fleet of coal plants by 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg's war on coal |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/michael-bloomberg-environment-coal-sierra-club-116793 |work=[[Politico]] |first=Andrew |last=Restuccia |date=April 8, 2015 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In July 2017, Europe Beyond Coal was established to phase out use of coal on the continent by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=May 8, 2020|title=Europe is getting off coal even faster than expected|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90502628/europe-is-getting-off-coal-even-faster-than-expected|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref> Austria closed its final coal-fired plant in April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frangoul|first=Anmar|date=April 20, 2020|title=Austria's last coal-fired power station closes as the country pushes renewables|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/austrias-last-coal-fired-power-station-has-closed-down.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In early June 2019, Bloomberg pledged $500 million to reduce climate impacts and shut remaining coal-fired power plants by 2030 via the new Beyond Carbon initiative.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-to-put-500m-into-closing-all-remaining-coal-plants-by-2030/ |title=Bloomberg to put $500M into closing all remaining coal plants by 2030 |date=June 7, 2019 |website=CBS News |language=en-US |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/2019/06/07/michael-bloomberg-climate-change/ |title=Bloomberg Pledges $500 Million to Coordinated Campaign to Combat Climate Change |last=Bach |first=Natasha |date=June 7, 2019 |website=Fortune |language=en |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref>
Bloomberg Philanthropies awarded a $6 million grant to the [[Environmental Defense Fund]] in support of strict regulations on [[Hydraulic fracturing|fracking]] in the 14 states with the heaviest natural gas production.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Backs Fracking, With Rules to Protect the Environment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/nyregion/bloomberg-backs-gas-drilling-with-rules-to-protect-the-environment.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 24, 2012 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Mireya |last=Navarro |url-access=limited}}</ref>
In 2013, Bloomberg and Bloomberg Philanthropies launched the Risky Business initiative with former Treasury Secretary [[Henry Paulson|Hank Paulson]] and hedge-fund billionaire [[Tom Steyer]]. The joint effort worked to convince the business community of the need for more sustainable energy and development policies, by quantifying and publicizing the economic risks the United States faces from the [[effects of climate change|impact of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Risky Business' Report Aims to Frame Climate Change as Economic Issue |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/risky-business-report-aims-to-frame-climate-change-as-economic-issue-1403578637 |date=June 23, 2014 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0099-9660 |first=Alicia |last=Mundy |url-access=subscription}}</ref> In January 2015, Bloomberg led Bloomberg Philanthropies in a $48-million partnership with the Heising-Simons family to launch the Clean Energy Initiative. The initiative supports state-based solutions aimed at ensuring America has a clean, reliable, and affordable energy system.<ref>{{cite web |title=States Get $48M Boost From Bloomberg Charity To Help Meet Obama Climate Change Agenda |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/states-get-48m-boost-bloomberg-charity-help-meet-obama-climate-change-agenda-1789946 |website=International Business Times |access-date=November 11, 2015 |date=January 21, 2015}}</ref>
Since 2010, Bloomberg has taken an increasingly global role on environmental issues. From 2010 to 2013, he served as the chairman of the [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]], a network of the world's biggest cities working together to reduce [[carbon emissions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c40.org/history |title=History of the C40 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=C40 Cities |publisher=c40.org}}</ref> During his tenure, Bloomberg worked with President Bill Clinton to merge C40 with the [[Clinton Climate Initiative]], with the goal of amplifying their efforts in the global fight against climate change worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg and Bill Clinton to Merge Climate Groups |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/nyregion/14bloomberg.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 13, 2011 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url-access=limited}}</ref> He serves as the president of the board of C40 Cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cities-today.com/interview-michael-bloomberg-outgoing-chair-and-current-president-c40-cities |title=Interview: Michael Bloomberg, Outgoing Chair and Current President C40 Cities. |date=February 18, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=Cities Today |last=Andrews |first=Jonathan}}</ref> In January 2014, Bloomberg began a five-year commitment totaling $53 million through Bloomberg Philanthropies to the Vibrant Oceans Initiative. The initiative partners Bloomberg Philanthropies with [[Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana]], [[Rare (conservation organization)|Rare]], and Encourage Capital to help reform fisheries and increase sustainable populations worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-commits-53-million-675418 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Commits $53 Million to Save the Oceans |date=January 29, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> In 2018, Bloomberg joined [[Ray Dalio]] in announcing a commitment of $185 million towards protecting the oceans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/10/29/ray-dalio-and-michael-bloomberg-commit-185-million-to-protect-the-oceans/ |date=October 29, 2018 |title=Ray Dalio and Michael Bloomberg Commit $185 Million To Protect The Oceans |last=Chaykowski |first=Kathleen |website=Forbes |language=en |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>
In 2014, [[United Nations Secretary General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]] appointed Bloomberg as his first Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change to help the United Nations work with cities to prevent climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. appoints former NYC Mayor Bloomberg cities, climate change envoy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-un-bloomberg/u-n-appoints-former-nyc-mayor-bloomberg-cities-climate-change-envoy-idUSBREA0U02Q20140131 |first=Michelle |last=Nichols |work=Reuters |date=January 31, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In September 2014, Bloomberg convened with Ban and global leaders at the UN Climate Summit to announce definite action to fight climate change in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. climate summit is high-profile, but some of world's most important leaders will skip it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/22/u-n-climate-summit-is-high-profile-but-some-of-worlds-most-important-leaders-will-skip-it |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first=Adam |last=Taylor}}</ref> In 2018, Ban's successor [[António Guterres]] appointed Bloomberg as UN envoy for climate action.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1791.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Michael R. Bloomberg of United States Special Envoy for Climate Action |website=www.un.org |language=en |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2018/03/05/mike-bloomberg-to-lead-uns-climate-change-initiative/ |title=Mike Bloomberg to lead UN's climate change initiative |date=March 6, 2018 |work=New York Post |access-date=May 10, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> He resigned in November 2019, in the run-up to his presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Edith M. |last=Lederer |url=https://apnews.com/635749720def4d4ab7f140f5c40716a0|title=Bloomberg, now Democratic candidate, resigns UN climate post|date=November 25, 2019|work=Associated Press}}</ref>
In late 2014, Bloomberg, Ban Ki-moon, and global city networks [[ICLEI]]-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]] (C40) and [[United Cities and Local Governments]] (UCLG), with support from UN-Habitat, launched the [[Compact of Mayors]], a global coalition of mayors and city officials pledging to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions, enhance [[climate resilience]], and track their progress transparently.<ref>{{cite web |title=C40: About the Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |website=c40.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102041301/http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |archive-date=November 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> To date, over 250 cities representing more than 300 million people worldwide and 4.1 percent of the total global population, have committed to the Compact of Mayors,<ref>{{cite web |title=News Archives – Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.compactofmayors.org/news/category/news |website=Compact of Mayors |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> which was merged with the [[Covenant of Mayors]] in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/22/compact-of-mayors-and-eu-covenant-of-mayors-launch-largest-global-coalition-of-cities-committed-to-fighting-climate-change |title=Compact of Mayors and EU Covenant of Mayors launch largest global coalition of cities committed to fighting climate change |date=June 22, 2016 |website=National Geographic Society (blogs) |publisher=nationalgeographic.com |access-date=July 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecowatch.com/7-100-cities-from-119-countries-join-together-in-historic-collaboratio-1891181666.html |title=7,100 Cities From 119 Countries Join Together in Historic Collaboration to Accelerate Climate Action |website=EcoWatch |access-date=July 21, 2016 |date=June 23, 2016}}</ref>
In 2015, Bloomberg and [[mayor of Paris|Paris mayor]] [[Anne Hidalgo]] created the Climate Summit for Local Leaders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Local-governments day announced for Paris climate summit |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |website=citiscope.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211161252/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which convened assembled hundreds of city leaders from around the world at [[Paris City Hall]] to discuss fighting climate change.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b1fc3b0-9a92-11e5-be4f-0abd1978acaa.html#axzz43Ac4ZQjU |title=Mayors call for more powers to fight climate change |last=Stothard |first=Michael |date=December 4, 2015 |newspaper=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766 |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52731#.Vuq9IvkrJ2R |title=COP21 in Paris, mayors and celebrities join UN launch of report on boosting investment towards climate smart cities |last=Section |first=United Nations News Service |date=December 4, 2015 |website=UN News Service Section |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |title=Extending local-level climate action beyond '30-ring circus' of COP 21 |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323212639/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Summit concluded with the presentation of the Paris Declaration, a pledge by leaders from assembled global cities to cut carbon emissions by 3.7 gigatons annually by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |date=December 5, 2015 |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |title=With Paris City Hall Declaration, world mayors throw down gauntlet on climate |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323195413/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
During the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|2015 UN Climate Change Conference]] in Paris, [[Mark Carney]], [[Governor of the Bank of England]] and chair of the [[Financial Stability Board]], announced that Bloomberg would lead a new global task force designed to help industry and financial markets understand the growing [[Climate risk|risks of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/04/mark-carney-unveils-global-taskforce-to-educate-business-on-climate-change |title=Michael Bloomberg to head global taskforce on climate change |last=Elliott |first=Larry |date=December 4, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
Following President [[Donald Trump]]'s announcement that the [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|U.S. government would withdraw from the Paris climate accord]], Bloomberg outlined a coalition of cities, states, universities and businesses that had come together to honor America's commitment under the agreement through 'America's Pledge.'<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climate-paris-idUSKBN18W2DQ |title=Bloomberg delivers U.S. pledge to continue Paris climate goals to U.N. |date=June 5, 2017 |work=Reuters |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> Bloomberg offered up to $15 million to the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|UNFCCC]], the UN body that assists countries with climate change efforts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Chappell |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531238185/bloomberg-promises-15-million-to-help-make-up-for-u-s-withdrawal-from-climate-de |title=Bloomberg Promises $15 Million To Help Make Up For U.S. Withdrawal From Climate Deal |publisher=NPR|access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/american-cities-climate-standards.html |title=Bucking Trump, These Cities, States and Companies Commit to Paris Accord |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |date=June 1, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Fountain |first2=Henry |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref> About a month later, Bloomberg and California Governor [[Jerry Brown]] announced that the America's Pledge coalition would work to "quantify the actions taken by U.S. states, cities and business to drive down greenhouse gas emissions consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/ |title=America's Pledge on Climate Change |website=Americas Pledge On Climate |language=en-US |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/denizcam/2017/07/12/michael-bloomberg-and-california-governor-jerry-brown-pledge-to-fight-climate-change/#6359665d8ab2 |title=Michael Bloomberg and California Governor Jerry Brown Pledge To Fight Climate Change |last=Cam |first=Deniz |work=Forbes |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In announcing the initiative, Bloomberg said "the American government may have pulled out of the Paris agreement, but American society remains committed to it."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/americas-pledge-jerry-brown-michael-bloomberg-climate-change-2017-7 |first=Madeleine Sheehan |last=Perkins |date=July 12, 2017 |title=The governor of California and Michael Bloomberg launched a new plan to fight climate change — with or without Trump |work=Business Insider |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Two [[think tank]]s, [[World Resources Institute|World Resource Institute]] and the [[Rocky Mountain Institute]], will work with America's Pledge to analyze the work cities, states and businesses do to meet the U.S. commitment to the Paris agreement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/11/climate/cities-states-businesses-emissions-climate-pact.html |title=U.S. Cities, States and Businesses Pledge to Measure Emissions |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |date=July 11, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Friedman |first2=Lisa |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
In May 2019, Bloomberg announced a 2020 Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit in [[Washington University in St. Louis]] with the aim to bring together leaders from Midwestern universities, local government and the private sector to reduce climate impacts in the region.<ref name="midwestern collegiate">{{cite press release |url=https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/michael-bloomberg-announces-midwestern-collegiate-climate-summit/ |first1=Lee |last1=Cochran |first2=Erika |last2=Ebsworth-Goold |title=Michael Bloomberg Announces Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit |website=Bloomberg Philanthropies |language=en-US |date=May 16, 2019 |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/wash-u-becomes-hub-midwest-summit-fight-climate-change |date=May 16, 2019 |title=Wash U Becomes Hub Of Midwest Summit To Fight Climate Change |last=Chen |first=Eli|publisher=KWMU|language=en |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/5e9ba538d48842dbbdc24ee9ea8aea39 |title=Michael Bloomberg announces St. Louis climate conference |date=May 17, 2019 |work=Associated Press|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>
=== Johns Hopkins University philanthropy ===
As of 2019, Bloomberg has given more than $3.3 billion to [[Johns Hopkins University]], his alma mater,<ref name=":5">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/bloomberg-gives-johns-hopkins-a-record-18-billion-for-student-financial-aid/2018/11/18/8db256cc-eb4e-11e8-96d4-0d23f2aaad09_story.html |last1=Anderson |first1=Nick |title=Bloomberg gives Johns Hopkins a record $1.8 billion for student financial aid |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 18, 2018 |access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref> making him "the most generous living donor to any education institution in the United States."<ref name=NYTUnivDonors>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/27/nyregion/at-1-1-billion-bloomberg-is-top-university-donor-in-us.html |title=$1.1 Billion in Thanks From Bloomberg to Johns Hopkins |date=January 27, 2013 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> His first contribution, in 1965, had been $5.<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> He made his first $1 million commitment to JHU in 1984, and subsequently became the first individual to exceed $1 billion in lifetime donations to a single U.S. institution of higher education.<ref name=350JHU>{{cite press release|title=Michael R. Bloomberg Commits $350 Million to Johns Hopkins for Transformational Academic Initiative 2013 |url=https://releases.jhu.edu/2013/01/26/michael-r-bloomberg-commits-350-million-to-johns-hopkins/ |first1=Dennis |last1=O'Shea |first2=Tracey |last2=Reeves |date=January 26, 2013}}</ref>
Bloomberg's contributions to Johns Hopkins "fueled major improvements in the university's reputation and rankings, its competitiveness for faculty and students, and the appearance of its campus,"<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> and included construction of a [[Johns Hopkins Children's Center|children's hospital]] (the [[Johns Hopkins Children's Center|Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building]], named after Bloomberg's mother); a [[physics]] building, a school of public health (the [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]]), libraries, and biomedical research facilities,<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> including the Institute for Cell Engineering, a [[stem-cell research]] institute within the [[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine|School of Medicine]], and the Malaria Research Institute within the School of Public Health.<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /><ref name=350JHU /> In 2013, Bloomberg committed $350 million to Johns Hopkins, five-sevenths of which were allocated to the [[Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships]], endowing 50 Bloomberg Distinguished Professors (BDPs) whose interdisciplinary expertise crosses traditional academic disciplines.<ref name=350JHU /> In 2016, on the School of Public Health's centennial, [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] contributed $300 million to establish the Bloomberg American Health Initiative.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ron |last=Winslow |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-gives-300-million-to-johns-hopkins-for-public-health-effort-1473951780 |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $300 Million to Johns Hopkins for Public-Health Effort |date=September 15, 2016 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bloomberg also funded the launch of the [[Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center|Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy]] within the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in East Baltimore, with a $50 million gift; an additional $50 million was given by philanthropist [[Sidney Kimmel]], and $25 million by other donors.<ref name="fortune.com">{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/29/john-hopkins-cancer-center-bloomberg/ |first=Laura |last=Lorenzetti |title=Bloomberg and Kimmel Help Launch Johns Hopkins Cancer Center With Major Donations |website=Fortune|date=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4001500/mike-bloomberg-and-others-donate-125-million-for-breakthrough-cancer-research-2 |first=Marcus |last=Baram |title=Mike Bloomberg and others donate $125 million for breakthrough cancer research |website=FastCo News |language=en-US |access-date=April 15, 2016 |date=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-maryland-cancer-johnshopkins-idUSKCN0WV2IK |first=Ian |last=Simpson |title=Bloomberg, others give $125 million for immunotherapy cancer research |date=March 29, 2016 |newspaper=Reuters |access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> It will support cancer therapy research, technology and infrastructure development, and private sector partnerships.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2016/03/29/cancer-immunotherapy-center-bloomberg-kimmel/ |title=Johns Hopkins launches cancer research center with $125 million from Bloomberg, Kimmel, others |website=The Hub |access-date=April 15, 2016 |date=March 29, 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Bloomberg joined [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Joe Biden]] for the institute's formal launch, embracing Biden's "[[Cancer Breakthroughs 2020|Cancer Moonshot]]" initiative, which seeks to find a cure for cancer through national coordination of government and private sector resources.<ref name="fortune.com" /> In 2018, Bloomberg contributed a further gift of $1.8 billion to Johns Hopkins, allowing the university to practice [[need-blind admission]] and meet the full financial need of admitted students.<ref name=":5" />
=== Other educational and research philanthropy ===
Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg established the American Talent Initiative in 2016 which is committed to increasing the number of lower-income high-achieving students attending elite colleges.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Seltzer|first=Rick|date=December 13, 2016|title=Effort launches to boost low-income enrollment at top colleges|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/12/13/effort-launches-boost-low-income-enrollment-top-colleges|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=www.insidehighered.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 5, 2018|title=What's the Biggest Challenge for Colleges and Universities?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/education/learning/biggest-challenge-for-colleges-and-universities.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Bloomberg Philanthropies also supports CollegePoint which has provided advising to lower- and moderate-income high school students since 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Nick|date=March 27, 2018|title=Invisible no more: How advising programs are finding new talent for top colleges|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/invisible-no-more-how-advising-programs-are-finding-new-talent-for-top-colleges/2018/03/27/4f5ec1a8-1b10-11e8-9de1-147dd2df3829_story.html|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
In 2016, the [[Museum of Science (Boston)|Museum of Science, Boston]] announced a $50 million gift from Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/arts/michael-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-museum-of-science-boston.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $50 Million to Museum of Science, Boston |last=Barone |first=Joshua |date=October 18, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=November 4, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref> The donation marks Bloomberg's fourth gift to the museum, which he credits with sparking his intellectual curiosity as a patron and student during his youth in [[Medford, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Penny |last=Schwartz |date=October 19, 2016 |url=https://forward.com/news/breaking-news/352254/michael-bloomberg-donates-50m-to-boston-museum-of-science/ |title=Michael Bloomberg Donates $50M to Boston Museum of Science |newspaper=The Forward |access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref> The endowment supported the museum's education division, named the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Science Education Center in honor of Bloomberg's parents. It is the largest donation in the museum's 186-year history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/10/17/museum-science-changed-michael-bloomberg-life-gives-back-with-million-gift/SFj5KnsTQfma3v0VWcLIqO/story.html |date=October 18, 2016 |first=Shirley |last=Leung |title=Museum of Science changed Michael Bloomberg's life. He gives back with a $50 million gift |newspaper=BostonGlobe.com |access-date=October 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mos.org/Bloomberg|title=Thank you, Michael Bloomberg|publisher=Museum of Science, Boston}}</ref>
In 2015, Bloomberg donated $100 million to Cornell Tech, the applied sciences graduate school of [[Cornell University]], to construct the first academic building, "The Bloomberg Center", on the school's Roosevelt Island campus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/nyregion/bloomberg-philanthropies-gives-100-million-to-cornell-tech.html|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Gives $100 Million to Cornell Tech|date=June 16, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Harris|first1=Elizabeth A.|url-access=limited}}</ref>
In 1996, Bloomberg endowed the William Henry Bloomberg Professorship at [[Harvard University]] with a $3 million gift in honor of his father, who died in 1963, saying, "throughout his life, he recognized the importance of reaching out to the nonprofit sector to help better the welfare of the entire community."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1996/09.19/BloombergEndows.html |url-status=dead |title=Bloomberg Endows Professorship for Five Faculties |work=The Harvard University Gazette |date=September 19, 1996 |access-date=August 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526152422/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1996/09.19/BloombergEndows.html |archive-date=May 26, 2013 }}</ref>
=== Urban innovation philanthropy ===
In July 2011, Bloomberg launched a $24 million initiative to fund "Innovation Delivery Teams" in five cities. The teams are one of Bloomberg Philanthropies' key goals: advancing government innovation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2012/jan/06/mayors-team-to-funnel-funding |title=Mayor's Innovation Delivery Team to funnel grant for inner-city revival |work=The Commercial Appeal |location=Memphis, TN |date=January 6, 2012 }}</ref> In December 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies launched a partnership with online ticket search engine [[SeatGeek]] to connect artists with new audiences. Called the Discover New York Arts Project, the project includes organizations HERE, [[New York Theatre Workshop]], and the [[Kaufman Center]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thenextweb.com/insider/2011/12/08/seatgeek-and-bloomberg-to-support-30-treasured-arts-groups-in-nyc/ |title=SeatGeek and Bloomberg to support 30 treasured arts groups in NYC |work=The Next Web |date=December 8, 2011 |first=Harrison |last=Weber |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>
In 2013, Bloomberg announced the Mayors Challenge competition to drive innovation in American cities. The program was later expanded to competitions in Latin America and Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Paul|date=April 25, 2014|title=Private Citizen Bloomberg on Philanthropy|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/private-citizen-bloombergs-philosophy-on-philanthropy.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shueh|first=Jason|date=January 20, 2016|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Launches $9 Million Mayors Challenge in Latin America, Caribbean|url=https://www.govtech.com/Bloomberg-Philanthropies-Launches-9Million-Mayors-Challenge-in-Latin-America-Caribbean.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=www.govtech.com|language=en}}</ref>
In 2016, Bloomberg gave Harvard $32 million to create the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative within [[Harvard Kennedy School]]'s [[Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation]]; the initiative provides training to mayors and their aides on innovative municipal leadership and challenges facing cities.<ref>{{cite news|author=Nick Anderson|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/08/25/bloomberg-gives-harvard-32-million-to-teach-mayors-and-aides/|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=August 25, 2016|title=Bloomberg gives Harvard $32 million to teach mayors and aides}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative, Harvard University|title=About the Initiative: Harvard + Bloomberg + 240 Cities|url=https://www.cityleadership.harvard.edu/about}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.hbs.edu/news/releases/Pages/bloomberg-harvard-city-leadership-initiative.aspx |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies and Harvard University Launch Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative |website=[[Harvard Business School]] |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2016/0825/32-million-Bloomberg-Harvard-mayor-school-supports-leaders-changing-role |title=$32 million Bloomberg-Harvard 'mayor school' supports leaders' changing role |last=Beck |first=Christina |date=August 25, 2016 |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |issn=0882-7729 |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref>
In March 2021, Bloomberg gave Harvard $150 million to create the ''Bloomberg Center for Cities to support mayors''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies & Harvard create new Bloomberg Center for Cities |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/03/bloomberg-philanthropies-harvard-create-new-bloomberg-center-for-cities/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=[[The Harvard Gazette]] |date=2 March 2021}}</ref>
=== Tobacco, guns and public health ===
[[File:Michael Bloomberg (48603887536).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg speaking at an Everytown for Gun Safety event in August 2019]]
Bloomberg has been a longtime donor to global [[tobacco control]] efforts.<ref name=Begley>{{cite news |first=Sharon|last=Begley |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/22/us-tobacco-bloomberg-idUSBRE82L08E20120322 |title=Bloomberg charity adds $220 million to anti-smoking effort|work=Reuters |date=March 22, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=ChaTobacco>{{cite web |author=Ariana Eunjung Cha |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/12/05/michael-bloomberg-may-be-big-tobaccos-biggest-enemy/ |title=Michael Bloomberg may be Big Tobacco's biggest enemy |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 5, 2016 |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg has donated close to $1 billion to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) to promote anti-smoking efforts, including $125 million in 2006, $250 million in 2008, and $360 million, making Bloomberg Philanthropies the [[developing world]]'s biggest funder of tobacco-control initiatives.<ref name=ChaTobacco /> In 2013, it was reported that Bloomberg had donated $109.24 million in 556 grants and 61 countries to campaigns against tobacco.<ref name="FMB">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg|title=Michael Bloomberg|date=September 2016|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=February 5, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg's contributions are aimed at "getting countries to monitor tobacco use, introduce strong tobacco-control laws, and create mass media campaigns to educate the public about the [[Health effects of tobacco|dangers of tobacco use]]."<ref name=ChaTobacco />
Bloomberg is the co-founder of [[Everytown for Gun Safety]] (formerly Mayors Against Illegal Guns), a [[gun control]] advocacy group.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Scherer|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-bloombergs-gun-safety-group-announces-60-million-spending-plan-for-2020-elections/2020/01/27/fcedb218-412c-11ea-aa6a-083d01b3ed18_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 27, 2020|title=Gun-control group co-founded by Bloomberg announces $60 million spending plan for 2020 elections}}</ref>
In August 2016, the [[World Health Organization]] appointed Bloomberg as its Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases.<ref>{{cite press release |date=August 17, 2016 |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/17-08-2016-michael-r-bloomberg-becomes-who-global-ambassador-for-noncommunicable-diseases |first=Christian |last=Lindmeier |title=Michael R. Bloomberg Becomes WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases |website=World Health Organization |language=en-GB |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> In this role, Bloomberg will mobilize private sector and political leaders to help the WHO reduce deaths from preventable diseases, traffic accidents, tobacco, obesity, and alcohol. WHO Director-General [[Margaret Chan]] cited Bloomberg's ongoing support for WHO anti-smoking, drowning prevention, and road safety programs in her announcement of his new role.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Joins-UN/237496 |title=Michael Bloomberg Joins U.N. Agency as Health Ambassador |date=August 18, 2016|work=Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-who-bloomberg-idUSKCN10S22T |title=WHO appoints former NY mayor Bloomberg as global health ambassador |access-date=February 20, 2020 |first=Kate |last=Kelland |date=August 17, 2016 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref>
=== Other philanthropy ===
Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg supported the Fresh Air Fund's creation of 'Open Spaces in the City' in summer 2020 to provide socially-distant areas for kids to play during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as jobs for local teens.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A $1.2 million grant helped turn outdoor areas in NYC into play spaces for kids|url=https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/news/a-1-2-million-grant-helped-turn-outdoor-areas-in-nyc-into-play-spaces-for-kids-072820|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=Time Out New York Kids|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Summer Spaces to Provide Free and Safe Outdoor Programming to NYC Kids|url=https://www.nymetroparents.com/article/summer-spaces-program-to-provide-outdoor-play-spaces-and-employment|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=www.nymetroparents.com|language=en}}</ref>
The public library in Bloomberg's hometown of Medford announced in August 2020 that Bloomberg had donated $3 million to the construction of a new facility, citing his family's long-standing ties to the library.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael Bloomberg donates $3M toward new library in his Mass. hometown |url=https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2020/08/18/michael-bloomberg-medford-library|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=www.boston.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2017, Bloomberg donated $75 million for [[The Shed (arts center)|The Shed]], a new arts and [[cultural center]] in [[Hudson Yards (development)|Hudson Yards]], Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 25, 2017 |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20170525/ARTS/170529914/bloomberg-era-officials-reunite-at-hudson-yards-the-shed-tour |title=The Shed at Hudson Yards event is like a Bloomberg-era reunion |last=Kim |first=Jeanhee |work=Crain's New York Business |access-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/article/michael-r-bloomberg-donates-75-million-to-new-nyc-arts-center-the-shed |title=Michael R. Bloomberg Donates $75 Million to New NYC Arts Center, The Shed |website=Playbill |language=en |access-date=August 9, 2017 |date=May 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/arts/design/michael-bloomberg-gives-75-million-to-shed-arts-center.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $75 Million to Shed Arts Center |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=May 24, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 9, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg also endowed his hometown synagogue, Temple Shalom, which was renamed for his parents as the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Jewish Community Center of Medford.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19635589 |title=Bloomberg — America's first Jewish president?|via=NBC News |date=July 6, 2007 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>
Bloomberg hosted the [[Bloomberg Global Business Forum|Global Business Forum]] in September 2017, during the annual meeting of the [[United Nations General Assembly]]; the gathering featured international CEOs, heads of state, and other prominent speakers.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/nyregion/bill-hillary-clinton-global-initiative-mike-bloomberg.html |title=As the Clintons Step Back From Global Stage, Bloomberg Steps Up |last=Goldmacher |first=Shane |date=September 19, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bensmith/president-mike |date=September 19, 2017 |first=Ben |last=Smith |title=The US Government-In-Exile Has A New President |work=BuzzFeed |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/14312612/1/bloomberg-claps-back-at-trump-at-inaugural-business-forum.html |title=Bloomberg Claps Back at Trump at Inaugural Business Forum |last=Stewart |first=Emily |date=September 20, 2017 |work=TheStreet |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2009 Bloomberg met with other billionaires such as Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Ted Turner and Oprah Winfrey to address issues ranging from the [[Climate change mitigation|environment]], [[Global Healthcare|health care]] and concerns over [[Overpopulation Debate|population growth]]. Although no formal organization was established, the effort was understood to be designed to help bring various philanthropic projects of the mega-donors into a more unified effort to address various problems on our planet.<ref>https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/billionaire-club-in-bid-to-curb-overpopulation-d2fl22qhl02</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/31/new-york-billionaire-philanthropists</ref>
== Electoral history ==
{{Main|Electoral history of Michael Bloomberg}}
== Personal life ==
=== Family and relationships ===
In 1975, Bloomberg married Susan Elizabeth Barbara Brown, a British national from [[Yorkshire]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://18doors.org/interfaith_celebrities_a_former_geek_the_equestrian_author_and_an_aboriginal_jewish_doctor/ |work=Interfaith Family |title=Interfaith Celebrities: a Former Geek, the Equestrian Author, and an Aboriginal Jewish Doctor |first=Nate |last=Bloom |date=July 5, 2011 }}</ref> They have two daughters: Emma (born c. 1979) and [[Georgina Bloomberg|Georgina]] (born 1983), who were featured on ''[[Born Rich (2003 film)|Born Rich]]'', a 2003 documentary film about the children of the extremely wealthy. Bloomberg divorced Brown in 1993, but he has said she remains his "best friend."<ref name=FMB /> Since 2000, Bloomberg has lived with former [[New York State Banking Department|New York state banking superintendent]] [[Diana Taylor (superintendent)|Diana Taylor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Mayor by Her Side, but Politics Woos Her, Too |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/04/nyregion/04diana.html |date=June 3, 2010 |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 1, 2011 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bloomberg's girlfriend Diana Taylor says no need for police escort |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/12/01/2007-12-01_mayor_bloombergs_girlfriend_diana_taylor-1.html |date=December 1, 2007 |first=Heidi |last=Evans |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 1, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/nyregion/12diana.html |title=The Mayor's Lady, Her Own Woman, One and the Same |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Diane |last=Cardwell |date=February 12, 2006 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Katie|title=Inside the relationship of Mike Bloomberg and his longtime partner, Diana Taylor, who met at a business lunch 20 years ago and live in a 5-story Manhattan townhouse|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-mayor-michael-bloomberg-diana-taylor-relationship-photos|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Business Insider}}</ref>
Bloomberg's younger sister, Marjorie Tiven, has been Commissioner of the New York City Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol, since February 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/key_personnel/bio_tiven.shtml |title=Commissioner Marjorie B. Tiven, Office of the Mayor, Commission for the United Nations Consular Corps & Protocol |publisher=Nyc.gov |date=February 16, 2011 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126123853/https://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/key_personnel/bio_tiven.shtml |archive-date=November 26, 2013}}</ref>
=== Religion ===
Although he attended [[Hebrew school]], had a [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|bar mitzvah]], and his family kept a [[kosher]] kitchen, Bloomberg today is relatively secular, attending synagogue mainly during the [[High Holidays]] and a [[Passover Seder]] with his sister, Marjorie Tiven.<ref name=JTAJewishness>{{cite news |title='Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness |url=https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness |date=August 31, 2010 |first=Ami |last=Eden |work=[[Jewish Telegraph Agency]] |quote=The mayor had a bar mitzvah, a Jewish rite of passage, but neither of his two daughters had bat mitzvahs. The mayor's ex-wife, Susan Bloomberg, whose mother was Jewish, "kind of raised us to be Church of England", though the family celebrated the major Jewish holidays, the mayor's youngest daughter, Georgina, said in a 2009 biography of her father. The mayor's longtime companion, Diana Taylor, is not Jewish. |access-date=August 19, 2017}}</ref> Neither of his daughters had bat mitzvahs.<ref name=JTAJewishness />
=== Public image and lifestyle ===
Throughout his business career, Bloomberg has made numerous statements which have been considered by some to be insulting, derogatory, sexist or misogynistic. When working on Wall Street in the 1960s and 1970s, Bloomberg claimed in his 1997 autobiography, he had "a girlfriend in every city".<ref name=bi>{{cite news |last=Relman |first=Eliza |date=November 14, 2019 |title=Michael Bloomberg's past comments about women and rape will likely haunt him on the 2020 campaign trail |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloombergs-comments-about-women-and-rape-will-haunt-him-2019-11 |work= Business Insider |access-date=November 14, 2019 }}</ref><ref>In a 1996 interview with ''[[The Guardian]]'' about being a newly-divorced bachelor, Bloomberg said, "I like theater, dining and chasing women. Let me put it this way: I am a single, straight billionaire in Manhattan. What do you think? It's a wet dream."{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/michael-bloomberg-women/ |title=Mike Bloomberg for years has battled women's allegations of profane, sexist comments |author=Kranish, Michael |work=The Washington Post |date=February 15, 2020 |access-date=February 17, 2020}}</ref> On various occasions, Bloomberg allegedly commented "I'd do her", regarding certain women, some of whom were coworkers or employees. Bloomberg later said that by "do", he meant that he would have a personal relationship with the woman.<ref name="atlantic" /> Bloomberg's staff told the New York Times that he now regrets having made "disrespectful" remarks concerning women.<ref name=atlantic />
During his term as mayor, he lived at his own home on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[Manhattan]] instead of [[Gracie Mansion]], the official mayoral residence.<ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Smith |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/14573/ |title=The Mayor and His Money |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=September 26, 2005 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> In 2013, he owned 13 properties in various countries around the world, including a $20 million [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] mansion in [[Southampton, New York]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2013/05/bloomberg-grows-his-hamptons-estate-reveals-overseas-bank-accounts-000000 |title=Bloomberg grows his Hamptons estate, reveals overseas bank accounts |work=[[Politico]] |last=Rubinstein |first=Dana |date=May 23, 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bloombers-hamptons-manse_n_904363 |title=Bloomberg Buys Southampton 'Ballyshear Estate' For $20 Million |work=The Huffington Post |date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=July 29, 2015 }}</ref> In 2015, he acquired [[4 Cheyne Walk]], a historical property in [[Cheyne Walk]], [[Chelsea, London]], which once belonged to writer [[George Eliot]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/28/michael-bloomberg-buys-16m-house-in-exclusive-london-street |title=Michael Bloomberg buys £16m house in exclusive London street |work=The Guardian |date=July 28, 2015 |access-date=July 29, 2015 }}</ref> Bloomberg and his daughters own houses in [[Bermuda]] and stay there frequently.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/nyregion/26bermuda.html |title=New York's Mayor, but Bermuda Shares Custody |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |date=April 25, 2010 |access-date=January 20, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/04/26/nyregion/20100426BERMUDA_index.html |title=Bloomberg's Bermuda |date=August 22, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 20, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg stated that during his mayoralty, he rode the [[New York City Subway]] on a daily basis, particularly in the commute from his 79th Street home to his office at [[New York City Hall|City Hall]]. An August 2007 story in ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that he was often seen chauffeured by two [[New York Police Department]]-owned SUVs to an express train station to avoid having to change from the local to the express trains on the [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/01/nyregion/01bloomberg.html|title=Mayor Takes the Subway — by Way of S.U.V.|date=August 1, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited}}</ref> He supported the construction of the [[7 Subway Extension]] and the [[Second Avenue Subway]]; in December 2013, Bloomberg took a ceremonial ride on a train to the new [[34th Street (IRT Flushing Line)|34th Street]] station to celebrate a part of his legacy as mayor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three cheers for the No. 7 extension |url=https://nypost.com/2013/12/20/mayor-mikes-hudson-yards-feat |date=December 20, 2013 |work=New York Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/bloomberg-sneak-ride-7-line-extension-article-1.1554643 |title=Mayor Bloomberg gets ride on No. 7 subway line extension he championed |work=Daily News |location=New York |date=October 21, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
During his tenure as mayor, Bloomberg made cameos playing himself in the films ''[[The Adjustment Bureau]]'' and ''[[New Year's Eve (2011 film)|New Year's Eve]]'', as well as in episodes of ''[[30 Rock]]'', ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'', ''[[The Good Wife]]'', and two episodes of ''[[Law & Order]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0089255/ |title=Michael Bloomberg |work=IMDb |access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg is a private pilot.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/nyregion/10collide.html |title=Airspace Above Hudson a Highway With Few Signs |date=August 10, 2009 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> He owns six airplanes: three [[Dassault Falcon 900]]s, a [[Beechcraft Super King Air#Super King Air 300/350|Beechcraft B300]], a [[Pilatus PC-24]], and a [[Cessna 182 Skylane]]. Bloomberg also owns two helicopters: an [[AgustaWestland AW109|AW109]] and an [[Airbus Helicopters|Airbus helicopter]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook-pm/2020/02/19/exodus-at-the-pentagon-488363|website=politico.com|title=Politico Playbook PM: Exodus at the Pentagon|first1=Jake|last1=Sherman|first2=Anna|last2=Palmer|first3=Garrett|last3=Ross|first4=Eli|last4=Okun|date=February 19, 2020|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref> and as of 2012 was near the top of the waiting list for an [[AgustaWestland AW609|AW609]] tiltrotor aircraft.<ref name=nyt609>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/nyregion/in-mayor-bloombergs-jet-setting-heart-a-love-for-helicopters.html |first=Christine |last=Haughney |title=In His Helicopter, Bloomberg Can Rule Skies, and Even Get to Albany |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 12, 2012 |access-date=April 17, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref> In his youth he was a licensed [[amateur radio operator]], was proficient in [[Morse code]], and built [[ham radio]]s.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Bloomberg |url=http://sciencefriday.com/segment/04/06/2012/new-york-city-s-mayor-is-a-geek-at-heart.html |title=New York City's Mayor is a Geek at Heart |publisher=Sciencefriday.com |date=April 6, 2012 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425231740/https://sciencefriday.com/segment/04/06/2012/new-york-city-s-mayor-is-a-geek-at-heart.html |archive-date=April 25, 2014}}</ref>
== Awards and honors ==
Bloomberg has received [[honorary degree]]s from [[Tufts University]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2007&p4=4 |title=Commencement Address: New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513024110/https://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2007&p4=4 |archive-date=May 13, 2012 |publisher=Tufts University |date=May 20, 2007 }}</ref> [[Bard College]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bard.edu/commencement/2007/bloomberg_speech.shtml |title=Bard Commencement Address |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027080508/http://www.bard.edu/commencement/2007/bloomberg_speech.shtml |archive-date=October 27, 2012 |publisher=Bard College|date=May 26, 2007 }}</ref> [[Rockefeller University]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web|author=Talley Henning Brown|url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/news/516-bloomberg-wilson-receive-honorary-degrees/|title=Bloomberg, Wilson receive honorary degrees|date=July 13, 2007|publisher=Rockefeller University}}</ref> the [[University of Pennsylvania]] (2008),<ref>{{cite web |first=Kathy |last=Wang |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2008/02/bloomberg_to_address_graduates |title=Bloomberg to address graduates |work=The Daily Pennsylvanian |date=February 19, 2008 }}</ref> [[Fordham University]] (2009),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/26213/past_honorary_degree_recipients |title=Past Honorary Degree Recipients |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1557.asp |title=Mayor Michael Bloomberg's Commencement Remarks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002543/http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1557.asp |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |publisher=Fordham University|date=May 16, 2009 }}</ref> [[Williams College]] (2014),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commencement.williams.edu/michael-r-bloomberg-commencement-speaker/ |title=Michael R. Bloomberg, Commencement Speaker |website=williams.edu |date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://communications.williams.edu/news-releases/3_19_2014_honorarydegree/ |date=March 19, 2014 |first=Noelle |last=Lemoine |title=Williams College Announces its 2014 Honorary Degree Recipients |website=Williams College}}</ref> [[Harvard University]] (2014),<ref>{{cite web |last=Reuell |first=Peter |title=Eight to receive honorary degrees |website=Harvard Gazette |date=October 18, 2010 |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/05/eight-to-receive-honorary-degrees/ |access-date=September 17, 2015}}</ref> the [[University of Michigan]] (2016),<ref>{{cite web|author=James Iseler|url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/commencement-speaker-bloomberg-calls-out-intolerance-demagoguery/|title=Commencement speaker Bloomberg calls out intolerance, demagoguery|work=The University Record|publisher=University of Michigan|date=April 30, 2016}}</ref> [[Villanova University]] (2017) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2017/0426.html|title=Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder of Bloomberg L.P., Philanthropist and Three-Term Mayor of New York City, to Deliver Villanova University's 2017 Commencement Address | Villanova University|website=www1.villanova.edu}}</ref> and [[Washington University in St. Louis]] (2019).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.wustl.edu/2019/05/seven-to-receive-honorary-degrees-at-washington-universitys-158th-commencement/ |title=Seven to receive honorary degrees at Washington University's 158th Commencement|publisher=Washington University in St. Louis |date=May 3, 2019 |website=The Source |language=en-US |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> Bloomberg was the speaker for [[Princeton University]]'s 2011 [[baccalaureate service]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Ian |last=Cahir |url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2011/05/29/bloomberg-urges-seniors-follow-path-service |title=Bloomberg urges seniors to follow a path of service |website=princeton.edu |date=May 29, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>
On May 27, 2010, Bloomberg delivered the commencement speech at his alma mater, [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/231-10/mayor-michael-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-the-johns-hopkins-university-2010-commencement |title=Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg Delivers Remarks At The Johns Hopkins University 2010 Commencement Ceremony |website=The Official Website of the City of New York |date=May 27, 2010 |author=Michael Bloomberg |access-date= June 25, 2020}}</ref> In addition, he was invited to and delivered guest remarks for the Johns Hopkins Class of 2020. Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and Commencement speaker [[Alexis Ohanian]]; [[Anthony Fauci]], director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force; and senior class president Pavan Patel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/05/21/commencement-2020-main/
|title= Senior class president Pavan Patel said the Class of 2020 is "ready to make its mark" |website=Johns Hopkins University |date=May 21, 2020 |author=Hub staff report |access-date= June 25, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg has received the [[Yale School of Management]]'s Award for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets (2003);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mba.yale.edu/news_events/CMS/Articles/1350.shtml |title=Yale School of Management Honors Michael R. Bloomberg for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets |publisher=Yale University |date=February 10, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514140252/http://mba.yale.edu/news_events/CMS/Articles/1350.shtml |archive-date=May 14, 2013 }}</ref> Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by [[Ehud Barak]] (2004);<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2004 Summit Highlights Photo: Former Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak presents the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award to Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder and CEO of Bloomberg L.P. during a ceremony held at Chicago's Field Museum.|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/summit/2004/}}</ref> [[Barnard College]]'s Barnard Medal of Distinction (2008);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://barnard.edu/commencement/archives/past-speakers-medalists|title=Past Speakers and Medalists|publisher=Barnard College|access-date=April 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418211241/http://www.barnard.edu/commencement/archives/past-speakers-medalists |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Robert Wood Johnson Foundation]] [[Leadership for Healthy Communities]]' Healthy Communities Leadership Award (2009);<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1680207/top_policy_groups_take_action_to_create_healthy_communities_prevent |title=Top Policy Groups Take Action to Create Healthy Communities, Prevent Childhood Obesity |url-status=dead |website=redorbit.com |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525041044/http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1680207/top_policy_groups_take_action_to_create_healthy_communities_prevent/ |archive-date=May 25, 2013 }}</ref> and the [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service|Jefferson Awards Foundation]]'s U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official (2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.multiplyinggood.org/what-we-do/jefferson-awards/past-award-recipients |title=Past Award Recipients: Our National Winners |website=JeffersonAwards.org |access-date=February 19, 2020 }}</ref> He was the inaugural laureate of the annual [[Genesis Prize]] for Jewish values in 2013,<ref>{{cite news |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |title=Bloomberg Is First to Receive a $1 Million Jewish Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/21/nyregion/bloomberg-is-first-to-receive-a-1-million-jewish-award.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 20, 2013 |url-access=limited}}</ref> and donated the $1 million prize money to a global competition, the Genesis Generation Challenge, to identify young adults' big ideas to better the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg to give away $1m. Genesis Prize to fund big ideas based on Jewish values |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bloomberg-to-give-away-1m-genesis-prize-to-fund-big-ideas-based-on-jewish-values |first=Gabriel |last=Cohen |agency=JTA |work=The Times of Israel |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=February 20, 2020 }}</ref>
Bloomberg was named the 39th most influential person in the world in the 2007 and 2008 [[Time 100]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert F., Jr. |last=Kennedy |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735904,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822203709/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735904,00.html |title=The 2008 TIME 100 |work=Time |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-date=August 22, 2013 }}</ref> In 2010, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' ranked him #7 in its "Vanity Fair 100" list of influential figures.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alan |last1=Deutschman |first2=Peter |last2=Newcomb |first3=Richard |last3=Siklos |first4=Duff |last4=McDonald |first5=Jessica |last5=Flint |first6=Adrienne |last6=Gaffney |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2010/10/the-vf-100-201010 |title=The Vanity Fair 100 |work=vanityfair.com |date=September 1, 2010 }}</ref>
In 2014, Queen [[Elizabeth II]] appointed Bloomberg an [[Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] for his "prodigious entrepreneurial and philanthropic endeavors, and the many ways in which they have benefited the United Kingdom and the U.K.-U.S. special relationship."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |title=Bloomberg Is Honored (But Don't Call Him Sir) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/nyregion/bloomberg-named-an-honorary-knight.html |access-date=October 7, 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |issue=56,647 |date=October 7, 2014 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
== Books and other works ==
Bloomberg, with [[Matthew Winkler (journalist)|Matthew Winkler]], wrote an autobiography, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'', published in 1997 by [[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]].<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'' (Wiley, 1997).</ref> A second edition was released in 2019, ahead of Bloomberg's presidential run.<ref>Ben Fountain, [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/05/23/howard-schultz-michael-bloomberg-billionaires/ Book Review: O Billionaires!], ''New Yorker'' (May 23, 2019).</ref><ref>Aaron Timms, [https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1cymwd84kwwlg/Michael-Bloomberg-Earned-48-Billion-and-Eternal-Adoration-From-Wall-Street-But-Does-Anyone-Else-Want-Him-to-Be-President Michael Bloomberg Earned $48 Billion and Eternal Adoration From Wall Street. But Does Anyone Else Want Him to Be President?], ''Institutional Investor'' (February 1, 2019).</ref> Bloomberg and former Sierra Club Executive Director [[Carl Pope (environmentalist)|Carl Pope]] co-authored ''[[Climate of Hope]]: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens Can Save the Planet'' (2017), published by [[St. Martin's Press]]; the book appeared on the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' hardcover nonfiction best-seller list]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/12/exclusive-look-at-michael-bloomberg-and-carl-popes-new-book.html |title=An Exclusive Look at Michael Bloomberg and Carl Pope's Book on Climate Change |date=December 21, 2016 |newspaper=Daily Intelligencer |access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2017/05/14/hardcover-nonfiction/ |title=Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers |date=May 14, 2017 |access-date=August 9, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Bloomberg has written a number of [[op-ed]]s in the ''New York Times'' about various issues, including an op-ed supporting state and local efforts to fight [[climate change]] (2017),<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/opinion/climate-progress-with-or-without-trump.html Climate Progress, With or Without Trump], ''New York Times'' (March 31, 2017).</ref> an op-ed about his donation of $1.8 billion in financial aid for college students and support for [[need-blind admission]] policies (2018);<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/opinion/bloomberg-college-donation-financial-aid.html Michael Bloomberg: Why I’m Giving $1.8 Billion for College Financial Aid], ''New York Times'' (November 18, 2018).</ref> an op-ed supporting a ban on flavored [[e-cigarette]]s (2019);<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg & Matt Myers, [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/10/opinion/vape-deaths-children-bloomberg.html Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes to Protect Our Children], ''New York Times'' (September 10, 2019).</ref> and an op-ed supporting policies to reduce [[economic inequality]] (2020).<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/opinion/mike-bloomberg-tax-2020.html Fixing Inequality Is My Priority], ''New York Times'' (February 6, 2020).</ref>
== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|New York City|Politics}}
* [[List of Harvard University people]]
* [[List of Johns Hopkins University people]]
* [[List of people from Boston]]
* [[List of philanthropists]]
* [[List of richest American politicians]]
* [[Timeline of New York City#21st century|Timeline of New York City]], 2000s–2010s
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |jstor=j.ctt46njt6 |last=Brash |first=Julian |title=Bloomberg's New York: Class and Governance in the Luxury City |publisher=[[University of Georgia Press]] |year=2010 }} Uses anthropology and geography to examine the mayor's corporate-style governance, with particular attention to the Hudson Yards plan, which aims to transform the far West Side into a high-end district.
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/08873631.2012.687535 |title=The ghost in the machine: The neoliberal urban visions of Michael Bloomberg |journal=Journal of Cultural Geography |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=135–153 |year=2012 |last1=Brash |first1=Julian |s2cid=144586994 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XJfWY9pmfJkC |title = Modern New York: The Life and Economics of a City|isbn = 978-1-137-00040-8|last1 = David|first1 = Greg|date = April 10, 2012}}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s12115-014-9772-3 |title=Nanny Bloomberg |journal=Society |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=253–257 |year=2014 |last1=Klein |first1=Richard |s2cid=189869991 }}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|commonscat=yes|s=no|wikt=no|v=no|b=no}}
* [http://www.mikebloomberg.com/ Mike Bloomberg] official website
* [https://www.bloomberg.org/about/mike-bloomberg/ Mike Blomberg biography] at [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]]
* [http://www.ontheissues.org/Mike_Bloomberg.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131123133633/http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/index.page Office of the Mayor of New York City] (Archived November 23, 2013)
* {{C-SPAN|michaelbloomberg}}
* {{Guardian topic}}
* {{NYTtopic|people/b/michael_r_bloomberg}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[Mayor of New York City]]|years=[[New York City mayoral election, 2001|2001]], [[New York City mayoral election, 2005|2005]], [[New York City mayoral election, 2009|2009]] {{small|(Endorsed)}}}}
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{{2020 United States presidential election}}
{{Mayors of New York City}}
{{Republican NYC mayoral nominees}}
{{Bloomberg|state=collapsed}}
{{Wealthiest people in the United States}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bloomberg, Michael}}
[[Category:Michael Bloomberg| ]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century American essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
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[[Category:21st-century American essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century philanthropists]]
[[Category:Amateur radio people]]
[[Category:American Reform Jews]]
[[Category:American aviators]]
[[Category:American billionaires]]
[[Category:American chief executives in the media industry]]
[[Category:American chief executives of financial services companies]]
[[Category:American financial businesspeople]]
[[Category:American financial company founders]]
[[Category:American gun control activists]]
[[Category:American health activists]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American mass media owners]]
[[Category:American memoirists]]
[[Category:American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American political writers]]
[[Category:American technology chief executives]]
[[Category:American technology company founders]]
[[Category:Anti-obesity activists]]
[[Category:Bloomberg L.P. founders|.]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in software]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election]]
[[Category:Commercial aviators]]
[[Category:Giving Pledgers]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Jewish American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Jewish American writers]]
[[Category:Jewish mayors of places in the United States]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Democrats]]
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[[Category:Mayors of New York City]]
[[Category:New York (state) Democrats]]
[[Category:New York (state) Independents]]
[[Category:New York (state) Republicans]]
[[Category:People from the Upper East Side]]
[[Category:Philanthropists from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Writers from Boston]]
[[Category:Writers from Manhattan]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Jewish American people in New York (state) politics]]
[[Category:Jewish American candidates for President of the United States]]
[[Category:Anti-smoking activists]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|American businessman and politician from New York}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Michael Bloomberg
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Mike Bloomberg Headshot.jpg
| office = 108th [[Mayor of New York City]]
| deputy = [[Patricia Harris]]
| term_start = January 1, 2002
| term_end = December 31, 2013
| predecessor = [[Rudy Giuliani]]
| successor = [[Bill de Blasio]]
| birth_name = Michael Rubens Bloomberg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|2|14}}
| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S.}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 2001, 2018–present)
| otherparty = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (2001–2007)<br />[[Independent politician|Independent]] (2007–2018)
| spouse = {{marriage|Susan Brown-Meyer|1975|1993|end=div}}
| partner = [[Diana Taylor (superintendent)|Diana Taylor]] (2000–present)
| children = 2, including [[Georgina Bloomberg|Georgina]]
| education = [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]]
| alma_mater = [[Johns Hopkins University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br />[[Harvard University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician |philanthropist|author|businessman|stock trader}}
| net_worth = {{steady}} US$ 59 billion ({{As of|2021|04|01}})<ref name="Forbes Profile: Michael Bloomberg">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?sh=5f3027451417|title=#14 Michael Bloomberg|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=April 1, 2021}}</ref>
| signature = Michael Bloomberg Signature.svg
| website = {{url|mikebloomberg.com|Official website}}
}}
{{Michael Bloomberg series}}
'''Michael Rubens <!-- Not necessary to add "Mike" here; per MOS:NICKNAME, such a specification is only needed if their nickname "is not a common hypocorism"--> Bloomberg''' (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, philanthropist, and author. He is the majority owner and co-founder of [[Bloomberg L.P.]] He was the [[Mayor of New York City]] from 2002 to 2013, and was a candidate for the [[2020 Democratic presidential primaries|2020 Democratic nomination]] for [[president of the United States]].
Bloomberg grew up in [[Medford, Massachusetts]], and graduated from [[Johns Hopkins University]] and [[Harvard Business School]]. He began his career at the securities brokerage [[Salomon Brothers]] before forming his own company in 1981. That company, Bloomberg L.P., is a financial information, software and media firm that is known for its [[Bloomberg Terminal]]. Bloomberg spent the next twenty years as its chairman and CEO. In 2020, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked him as [[The World's Billionaires|the sixteenth-richest person in the world]], with an estimated net worth of $48 billion as of April 7, 2020<ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires#1ed96aa14178 Retrieved July 22, 2020</ref> and as of July 21, 2020, Bloomberg ranked 8th in Forbes 400 with net worth $60.1 billion.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=forbes-400#6697c1a11417 Retrieved July 22, 2020</ref> Since signing [[The Giving Pledge]], Bloomberg has given away $8.2 billion.
Bloomberg was elected the [[List of mayors of New York City|108th]] [[mayor of New York City]]. First elected in [[2001 New York City mayoral election|2001]], he held office for three consecutive terms, winning re-election in [[2005 New York City mayoral election|2005]] and [[2009 New York City mayoral election|2009]]. Pursuing [[Political positions of Michael Bloomberg|socially liberal and fiscally moderate policies]], Bloomberg developed a [[Technocracy|technocratic managerial style]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/01/nyregion/political-memo-bloomberg-the-technocrat-seeks-his-inner-la-guardia.html |title=Political Memo; Bloomberg, the Technocrat, Seeks His Inner La Guardia |author1=Cooper, Michael |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 1, 2003|access-date=February 25, 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref> After a brief stint as a full-time philanthropist, he re-assumed the position of CEO at Bloomberg L.P. by the end of 2014.
As mayor of New York, Bloomberg established public [[charter school]]s, rebuilt urban infrastructure, and supported [[Gun politics in the United States|gun control]], [[public health]] initiatives, and [[Environmental policy of the United States|environmental protections]]. He also led a rezoning of large areas of the city, which facilitated massive and widespread new commercial and residential construction after the [[September 11 attacks]]. Bloomberg is considered to have had far-reaching influence on [[politics of New York City|the politics]], [[Economy of New York City|business sector]], and [[culture of New York City]] during his three terms as mayor. He has also faced significant criticism for his expansion of the city's [[stop and frisk]] program, support for which he reversed with an apology before his 2020 presidential run.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg apologizes for 'stop-and-frisk' police practice|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/bloomberg-apologizes-stop-frisk-police-practice-n1084756|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref>
In November 2019, Bloomberg officially launched [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|his campaign]] for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]]. He ended his campaign in March 2020, after having won only 61 delegates. Bloomberg self-funded $935 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00728154/1391483/|title=Form 3P for Mike Bloomberg 2020, Inc.|website=docquery.fec.gov|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> for his candidacy, which set the record for the most expensive U.S. presidential primary campaign.
== Early life and education ==
Bloomberg was born on February 14, 1942, at [[St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (Boston)|St. Elizabeth's Hospital]], in the [[Brighton, Boston|Brighton]] neighborhood of [[Boston]], to William Henry Bloomberg (1906–1963), a bookkeeper for a dairy company,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy|first=Dean E.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/26/nyregion/bloomberg-a-man-of-contradictions-but-with-a-single-focus.html|title=Bloomberg a Man of Contradictions, but With a Single Focus|date=November 26, 2001|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and Charlotte (née Rubens) Bloomberg (1909–2011).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/nyregion/charlotte-r-bloomberg-mayors-mother-dies-at-102.html |title=Charlotte R. Bloomberg, Mayor's Mother, Dies at 102 |last=Harris |first=Elizabeth A. |date=June 20, 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 13, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saguinsin|first=Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LSMDwAAQBAJ&q=Michael%20Bloomberg%20was%20born%20at%20St.%20Elizabeth's%20Hospital%20in%20Boston,%20Massachusetts,%20on%20February%2014,%201942&pg=PA76|title=Things You Need To Know About Success & Failure|publisher=A.T.Saguinsin|language=en}}</ref> The [[Baker Library/Bloomberg Center|Bloomberg Center]] at the [[Harvard Business School]] was named in William Henry's honor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Baker Library/Bloomberg Center |url=https://www.hbs.edu/about/campus-and-culture/campus-built-on-philanthropy/Pages/baker-library-bloomberg-center.aspx |website=Harvard Business School |access-date=October 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Levitz|first=Jennifer|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bloomberg-condemns-narrowing-views-on-college-campuses-1401402413|title=Bloomberg Condemns Narrowing Views on College Campuses|date=May 29, 2014|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Bloomberg's family is [[Jews|Jewish]], and he is a member of the [[Congregation Emanu-El of New York|Temple Emanu-El]] in Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness|title='Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness|date=September 1, 2010}}</ref> Bloomberg's paternal grandfather, Rabbi Alexander "Elick" Bloomberg, was a [[Polish Jews|Polish Jew]].<ref name=":7">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Bloomberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Michael Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/16/archives/susan-meyer-is-married-to-michael-bloomberg.html</ref> Bloomberg's maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was a [[Lithuanian Jews|Lithuanian Jewish]] immigrant from present-day [[Belarus]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/books/excerpt-mike-bloomberg.html |work=The New York Times |first=Joyce |last=Purnick |title=Mike Bloomberg |date=October 9, 2009 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ford |first1=Beverly |last2=Lovett |first2=Kenneth |last3=Blau |first3=Reuven |last4=Einhorn |first4=Erin |last5=Lucadamo |first5=Kathleen |date=June 19, 2011 |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/charlotte-bloomberg-mayor-bloomberg-mother-dies-102-article-1.127366 |title=Charlotte Bloomberg, Mayor Bloomberg's Mother, Dies at 102 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]] |access-date=July 12, 2011 }}</ref> and his maternal grandmother was born in New York to Lithuanian Jewish parents.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
The family lived in [[Allston]] until Bloomberg was two years old, followed by [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], for two years, finally settling in the Boston suburb of [[Medford, Massachusetts]], where he lived until after he graduated from college.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/nyregion/bloombergs-hometown-medford-mass-struggles-to-keep-his-attention.html |title=Mayor's Ties to Hometown Fade, but for a few, They Are Still Felt |work=The New York Times |date=March 19, 2012 |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |access-date=March 20, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
[[File:Michael Bloomberg in 1960 Blue and White.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg in [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]]'s 1960 yearbook.]]
Bloomberg became an [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scout]] when he was twelve years old.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fiorina |first1=Steve |title=Mike Bloomberg campaigns in San Diego for first time |url=https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/politics/national-politics/mike-bloomberg-campaigns-in-san-diego-for-first-time/509-a0d92320-0073-4115-a7ea-11b089039616 |access-date=4 December 2020 |date=5 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoJ5gIsDat0C |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |pages=111–18 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |title=Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts |isbn=978-0-312-36653-7 |year=2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url-status=live |last=Auletta|first=Ken|date=March 10, 1997|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/03/10/the-bloomberg-threat |title=The Bloomberg Threat|work=[[The New Yorker]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011120203615/http://newyorker.com/FROM_THE_ARCHIVE/ARCHIVES/?011126fr_archive01|archive-date=November 20, 2001|volume=73|issue=3|page=38}}</ref> He graduated from [[Medford High School (Massachusetts)|Medford High School]] in 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/03/05/nyregion/20120305medford.html|title=Bloomberg's Medford|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited}}</ref> He went on to attend [[Johns Hopkins University]], where he joined the fraternity [[Phi Kappa Psi]]. While there, he constructed the [[blue jay]] costume for the university's [[mascot]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admitsee.com/blog/10-fun-facts-about-johns-hopkins-university |title=10 Fun Facts about Johns Hopkins University |website=www.admitsee.com |access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-11-10-0111100156-story.html|title=He was always working|last=Smith|first=Linell|website=baltimoresun.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> He graduated in 1964 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in [[electrical engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/retro-baltimore/bs-fe-retro-baltimore-trivia-michael-bloomberg-hopkins-major-20181119-story.html|title=Retro Baltimore Trivia: What was Michael Bloomberg's degree in from Johns Hopkins University?|website=baltimoresun.com|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> In 1966, he graduated from [[Harvard Business School]] with a [[Master of Business Administration]] (MBA) degree.<ref>{{cite web |title=Life After B-School: 5 Very Different HBS Grads |date=April 15, 2011 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |url=http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads |first=Meghan |last=Daniels |work=[[Knewton]] blog |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309014005/http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads/ |archive-date=March 9, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=bbb17>{{cite book |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael |year=1997 |title=Bloomberg by Bloomberg |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |isbn=978-0-471-15545-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo/page/17 17] |url=https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo/page/17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/successful-harvard-business-school-alumni-2015-7|title=The 30 most successful Harvard Business School graduates of all time|last=Luce|first=Richard Feloni, Tanza Loudenback, Ivan De|website=Business Insider|date=August 5, 2019|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Michael Bloomberg in 1964 Hullabaloo.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg in [[Johns Hopkins University]]'s 1964 yearbook.]]
Bloomberg is a member of [[Kappa Beta Phi]] and [[Tau Beta Pi]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5PxAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT151 |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2014 |title=Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street's Post-Crash Recruits |location=London, UK |publisher=John Murray (Publishers), An Hachette UK Company |page=151 |isbn=978-1-4555-7232-8}}</ref> He wrote an autobiography, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'', with help from [[Bloomberg News]] editor-in-ehief [[Matthew Winkler (journalist)|Matthew Winkler]].<ref>{{cite news|date=October 27, 2008|title=The Fate of Bloomberg's Memoir|last=Barbaro|first=Michael|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/the-fate-of-bloombergs-memoir|access-date=November 1, 2012|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Farhi|first=Paul|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bloomberg-news-reaches-into-british-media-for-a-new-top-editor/2014/12/09/c7080380-7fbf-11e4-81fd-8c4814dfa9d7_story.html|title=Bloomberg News reaches into British media for a new top editor|date=December 9, 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
== Business career ==
[[File:2012 Bloomberg Terminal by jm3 - Creative Commons licensed.jpg|thumb|A 2012 [[Bloomberg Terminal]] with a multi-monitor set-up composed of six screens]]
In 1973, Bloomberg became a [[general partner]] at [[Salomon Brothers]], a large [[Wall Street]] [[investment bank]], where he headed [[equity trading]] and, later, [[systems development]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-biography-2012-7|title=How Michael Bloomberg Went From Bond Trader To Billionaire Media Mogul With One Incredible Machine|last=Meserve|first=Myles|website=Business Insider|access-date=March 16, 2020}}</ref> [[Phibro Corporation]] bought Salomon Brothers in 1981, and the new management fired Bloomberg, paying him $10 million for his equity in the firm.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bloomberg|first=Michael|url=https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo|title=Bloomberg by Bloomberg|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|year=1997|isbn=0-471-15545-4|chapter=The Last Supper|chapter-url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bloomberg-bloomberg.html|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Patrick |last=McGeehan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/nyregion/19bankers.html |title=City Will Help Retrain Laid-Off Wall Streeters |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 18, 2009 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/education/edlife/mike-bloomberg-salomon-brothers.html|title=Michael Bloomberg on How to Succeed in Business|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=February 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 21, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Using this money, Bloomberg, having designed in-house computerized financial systems for Salomon, set up a data services company named Innovative Market Systems (IMS)<ref name="Stewart" /> based on his belief that Wall Street would pay a premium for high-quality business information, delivered instantaneously on computer terminals in a variety of usable formats.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsJn4397J1cC&pg=PA26 |page=26 |title=The Battle for Wall Street: Behind the Lines in the Struggle that Pushed an Industry into Turmoil |isbn=978-0-470-44681-2 |last1=Goldberg |first1=Richard |date=January 23, 2009 }}</ref> The company sold customized [[computer terminal]]s that delivered real-time market data, financial calculations and other analytics to Wall Street firms. The terminal, first called the Market Master terminal, was released to market in December 1982.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3051883/the-bloomberg-terminal|title=How the Bloomberg Terminal Made History—And Stays Ever Relevant|website=Fast Company|date=October 6, 2015|first=Harry|last=McCracken|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref>
In 1986, the company renamed itself Bloomberg L.P.<ref name=":3" /> Over the years, ancillary products including [[Bloomberg News]], [[Bloomberg Radio]], Bloomberg Message, and Bloomberg Tradebook were launched.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pasiuk|first=Laurie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTEOrAa2g5EC&q=Bloomberg%20News,%20Bloomberg%20Radio,%20Bloomberg%20Message,%20and%20Bloomberg%20Tradebook%20were%20launched&pg=PA33|title=Vault Guide to the Top Media & Entertainment Employers|date=2005|publisher=Vault Inc.|isbn=978-1-58131-337-6|language=en}}</ref> Bloomberg, L.P. had revenues of approximately $10 billion in 2018.<ref name="Stewart" /> As of 2019, the company has more than 325,000 terminal subscribers worldwide and employs 20,000 people in dozens of locations.<ref name="Stewart" />
The culture of the company in the 1980s and 1990s has been compared to a fraternity, with employees bragging in the company's office about their sexual exploits.<ref name=nyt>{{cite news|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|date=November 14, 2019|title=Bloomberg's Team Calls His Crude Remarks on Women 'Wrong'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/14/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-women.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 14, 2019|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-crass-sexual-jokes-demeaning-comments-women-stint-mayor-2020-3|title=Mike Bloomberg made crass sexual remarks about women in the workplace as recently as 2014, according to a former executive|last=Campbell|first=Nicole Einbinder, Dakin|website=Business Insider|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref> The company was [[Bloomberg L.P.#Controversies|sued four times by female employees]] for [[sexual harassment]], including one incident in which a victim claimed to have been raped.<ref name=vv>{{cite news |last=Barrett |first= Wayne|date=October 30, 2001 |title=Bloomberg's Sexual Blind Spot |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/10/30/bloombergs-sexual-blind-spot/ |work= Village Voice|location= New York|access-date= October 30, 2019}}</ref><ref name="atlantic">{{cite news |last=Garber |first=Megan|date=September 19, 2018 |title='I'd Do Her': Mike Bloomberg and the Underbelly of #MeToo|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/09/mike-bloomberg-comments-women-metoo/570448/ |work= Atlantic|access-date= October 30, 2019}}</ref> To celebrate Bloomberg's 48th birthday, colleagues published a pamphlet entitled ''[[Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg]]''. Among various sayings that were attributed to him, several have subsequently been criticized as sexist or misogynistic.<ref>Among the contents of the 1990 publication are a suggestion that if women wanted to be known for their intelligence, they would spend less time at [[Bloomingdale's]] and more at the library; as well as a joke that if Bloomberg terminals could provide oral sex, it would put female employees out of work.</ref><ref name=abc>{{cite news |last=Pezenik |first=Sasha |date=December 16, 2019 |title=Booklet of Mike Bloomberg's 'Wit and Wisdom' could haunt him during presidential bid: Critics |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/booklet-mike-bloombergs-wit-wisdom-haunt-presidential-bid/story?id=67744181 |work=ABC News |access-date=December 16, 2019 }}</ref><ref name=nyt />
When he left the position of CEO to pursue a political career as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg was replaced by Lex Fenwick<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp |title=Lex Fenwick's biography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221539/http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |work=[[dowjones.com]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/dowjones-fenwick-correcte-idUSL1E8L706D20121009|title=CORRECTED-RPT-INSIGHT-The Lex Factor roils Dow Jones|date=October 9, 2012|website=Reuters.com}}</ref> and later by [[Daniel L. Doctoroff]], after his initial service as deputy mayor under Bloomberg.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29057587|title=Ex-New York mayor back at Bloomberg|date=September 4, 2014|work=BBC News|access-date=March 18, 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> After completing his final term as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg spent his first eight months out of office as a full-time philanthropist. In fall 2014, he announced that he would return to Bloomberg L.P. as CEO at the end of 2014,<ref name="Andrew Ross Sorkin">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/business/media/michael-bloomberg-to-return-as-chief-of-company-he-founded.html |title=Michael Bloomberg to Return to Lead Bloomberg L.P. |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Andrew Ross |last=Sorkin |date=September 3, 2014 |author-link=Andrew Ross Sorkin |url-access=limited}}</ref> succeeding Doctoroff, who had led the company since February 2008.<ref name="Andrew Ross Sorkin" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/54/400list08_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The 400 Richest Americans: #8 Michael Bloomberg |date=September 17, 2008 |access-date=September 17, 2008 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/09/03/bloomberg-returns-bloomberg-lp/15047285/|title=Bloomberg returns to media company as CEO leaves|last=Yu|first=Roger|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US|access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref> Bloomberg resigned as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. to run for president in 2019.<ref name=Stewart>{{cite news |title=How Mike Bloomberg made his billions: a computer system you've probably never seen |author=Stewart, Emily |date=December 11, 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election/2019/12/11/21005008/michael-bloomberg-terminal-net-worth-2020 |access-date=December 11, 2019 |publisher=Vox (Vox Media)}}</ref>
=== Wealth ===
In March 2009, ''[[Forbes]]'' reported Bloomberg's wealth at $16 billion, a gain of $4.5 billion over the previous year, the world's biggest increase in wealth from 2008 to 2009.<ref>{{cite news |author=Farrell, Andrew |title=Billionaires Who Made Billions More |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/03/10/made-millions-worlds-richest-people-billionaires-2009-billionaires-gainer_slide_2.html |access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> Bloomberg moved from 142nd to 17th in the ''Forbes'' list of the world's billionaires in only two years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The World's Billionaires |work=Forbes |date=March 8, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html |title=The World's Billionaires |work=Forbes |date=March 1, 2009 }}</ref> In the 2019 ''Forbes'' list of the world's billionaires, he was [[The World's Billionaires#2019|the ninth-richest person]]; his net worth was estimated at $55.5 billion.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires#2edb600d1417 |title=#9 Michael Bloomberg |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |access-date=March 4, 2020}}</ref>
== Political career ==
=== Mayor of New York City ===
{{Main|Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg}}
[[File:George W. Bush and Michael Bloomberg.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with President [[George W. Bush]] in 2003]]
Bloomberg assumed office as the 108th [[mayor of New York City]] on January 1, 2002.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Steinhauer|first=Jennifer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/nyregion/the-mayoral-transition-overview-bloomberg-takes-oath-as-108th-mayor-of-new-york.html|title=THE MAYORAL TRANSITION: OVERVIEW; Bloomberg Takes Oath as 108th Mayor of New York|date=January 1, 2002|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 19, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He won re-election in 2005 and again in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2009/11/04/bloomberg-elected-to-a-third-term/|title=Bloomberg elected to a third term|last=Lisi|first=Clemente|date=November 4, 2009|website=New York Post|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> As mayor, he initially struggled with approval ratings as low as 24 percent;<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn/page/102 102] |title=Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-0-7867-4621-7 |last1=Purnick |first1=Joyce |date=September 22, 2009 }}</ref> however, he subsequently developed and maintained high approval ratings.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn/page/119 119] |title=Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-0-7867-4621-7 |last1=Purnick |first1=Joyce |date=September 22, 2009 }}</ref> Bloomberg joined [[Rudy Giuliani]], [[John Lindsay]], and [[Fiorello La Guardia]] as re-elected Republican mayors in the mostly Democratic city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/03/03/mike-bloomberg-upsets-critics-wealth-seek-presidency/4753489002/|title=Bloomberg upsets critics by spending wealth to seek presidency|last=Krupa|first=Gregg|website=Detroit News|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg stated that he wanted [[public education]] reform to be the legacy of his first term and addressing poverty to be the legacy of his second.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gothamgazette.com/index.php/education/3352-the-mayors-legacy-educational-improvements-and-poverty-reduction-or-bold-budgeting-and-economic-development |title=The Mayor's Legacy: Educational Improvements and Poverty Reduction, Or Bold Budgeting and Economic Development? |work=[[Gotham Gazette]] |date=August 13, 2007 |first=Glenn |last=Pasanen |access-date=February 17, 2020 }}</ref>
[[File:Obama 2012 71.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with President [[Barack Obama]] in 2012]]
Bloomberg chose to apply a statistical, metrics-based management approach to city government, and granted departmental commissioners broad autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, he implemented what ''New York Times'' political reporter [[Adam Nagourney]] called a "bullpen" [[open plan|open office]] plan, similar to a [[Wall Street]] trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design is intended to promote accountability and accessibility.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nagourney |first=Adam |date=December 25, 2001 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/nyregion/bloomberg-vows-to-work-at-center-of-things.html |title=Bloomberg Vows to Work at Center of Things |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 18, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg accepted a [[One-dollar salary|remuneration of $1 annually]] in lieu of the mayoral salary.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert W. |last=Wood |date=April 5, 2014 |work=Forbes |access-date=February 17, 2020 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2014/04/05/tax-smart-billionaires-who-work-for-1/ |title=Tax-Smart Billionaires Who Work For $1 }}</ref>
[[File:Primer Foro Latinoamericano Bloomberg Auspiciando la Alianza del Pacífico. (15138698720).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with presidents of [[Colombia]], [[Chile]], [[Peru]] and [[Mexico]] in 2014]]
As mayor, Bloomberg turned the city's $6 billion budget deficit into a $3 billion surplus, largely by raising property taxes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/05/5832308/bloomberg-presents-balanced-budget-moving-parts|title=Bloomberg presents a balanced budget, with moving parts|last=Rubinstein|first=Dana|date=May 3, 2012|publisher=Capital New York|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506142304/http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/05/5832308/bloomberg-presents-balanced-budget-moving-parts|archive-date=May 6, 2012|access-date=November 5, 2012}}</ref> Bloomberg increased city funding for the new development of affordable housing through a plan that created and preserved an estimated 160,000 affordable homes in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2015/04/the-mayors-affordable-housing-optimism-021017|title=The mayor's affordable housing optimism|work=Politico PRO|access-date=August 13, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/428-13/mayor-bloomberg-city-will-reach-160-000-units-affordable-housing-financed-under-new#/0|title=City will reach 160,000 units of affordable housing by year's end under New Housing Marketplace Plan|date=December 21, 2013|work=The official website of the City of New York|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> In 2003, he implemented a successful [[smoking ban]] in all indoor workplaces, including bars and restaurants, and many other cities and states followed suit.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Farley|first=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COtwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT39|title=Saving Gotham: A Billionaire Mayor, Activist Doctors, and the Fight for Eight Million Lives|date=October 13, 2015|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-24880-7|language=en}}</ref> On December 5, 2006, New York City became the first city in the United States to [[Ban on trans-fat|ban trans-fat]] from all restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/01/nyregion/blocks-capturing-the-spirit-of-1776-but-with-a-different-number.html|title=Blocks; Capturing the Spirit of 1776, but With a Different Number|date=January 1, 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 19, 2006}}</ref> This went into effect in July 2008 and has since been adopted in many other cities and countries. Bloomberg created [[bicycle lanes]], required chain restaurants to post [[Calorie count laws|calorie counts]], and [[pedestrianized]] much of [[Times Square]]. In 2011, Bloomberg launched the NYC Young Men's Initiative, a $127 million initiative to support programs and policies designed to address disparities between young Black and Latino men and their peers, and personally donated $30 million to the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/young-mens-initiative-to-aid-young-black-and-latino-males/|title=Young Men's Initiative to Aid Young Black and Latino Males|website=Bloomberg Philanthropies|language=en-US|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> In 2010, Bloomberg supported the then-controversial [[Park51|Islamic complex near Ground Zero]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Dorothy Rabinowitz|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170|title=Liberal Piety and the Memory of 9/11; The enlightened class can't understand why the public is uneasy about the Ground Zero mosque|date=August 4, 2010|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=August 4, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725035032/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170|archive-date=July 25, 2015}}</ref>
Bloomberg greatly expanded the [[New York City Police Department]]'s [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop and frisk]] program, with a sixfold increase in documented stops.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyclu.org/en/stop-and-frisk-data|title=Stop-and-Frisk Data|date=January 2, 2012|website=New York Civil Liberties Union|language=en|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> The policy was challenged in [[U.S. Federal Court]], which ruled that the city's implementation of the policy violated citizens' rights under the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment of the Constitution]] and encouraged racial profiling.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Devereaux|first=Ryan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/stop-and-frisk-landmark-ruling|title=New York's stop-and-frisk trial comes to a close with landmark ruling|date=August 12, 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 1, 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Matt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/new-york-stop-and-frisk-unconstitutional-judge|title=New York's stop-and-frisk policy is unconstitutional, judge rules|date=August 12, 2013|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 1, 2020|last2=Devereaux|first2=Ryan|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Bloomberg's administration appealed the ruling; however, his successor, Mayor Bill de Blasio, dropped the appeal and allowed the ruling to take effect.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weiser|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/02/nyregion/departing-judge-offers-blunt-defense-of-ruling-that-ended-stop-and-frisk.html|title=Departing Judge Offers Blunt Defense of Ruling in Stop-and-Frisk Case|date=May 2, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 1, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After the [[September 11 attacks]], with assistance from the Central Intelligence Agency, Bloomberg's administration oversaw a controversial program that surveilled Muslim communities on the basis of their religion, ethnicity, and language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/other/factsheet-nypd-muslim-surveillance-program|title=Factsheet: The NYPD Muslim Surveillance Program|website=American Civil Liberties Union|language=en|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> The program was discontinued in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/21/justice/new-york-nypd-surveillance-no-leads/index.html|title=Surveillance unit produced no terrorism leads, NYPD says|first= David |last=Ariosto|website=CNN|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref>
In a January 2014 [[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute|Quinnipiac]] poll, 64 percent of voters called Bloomberg's 12 years as mayor "mainly a success."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=1997|title=QU Poll Release Detail|website=QU Poll|publisher=[[Quinnipiac University]]|location=New Haven, Connecticut|language=en|access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>
=== Mayoral elections ===
==== 2001 election ====
{{Main|2001 New York City mayoral election}}
In 2001, New York's Republican mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]], was ineligible for re-election due to the city's limit of two consecutive terms. Bloomberg, who had been a lifelong member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], decided to run for mayor on the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ticket.<ref name="2001 election">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/nyregion/the-2001-elections-strategy-as-democrats-bicker-bloomberg-era-begins.html |access-date=February 15, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Adam |last=Nagourney |title=The 2001 Elections: Strategy; As Democrats Bicker, Bloomberg Era Begins |date=November 8, 2001 |url-access=limited }}</ref> Voting in the primary began on the morning of September 11, 2001. The primary was postponed later that day, due to the [[September 11 attacks]]. In the rescheduled primary, Bloomberg defeated [[Herman Badillo]], a former Democratic [[United States House of Representatives|congressman]], to become the Republican nominee. After a [[Two-round system|runoff]], the Democratic nomination went to [[New York City Public Advocate]] [[Mark J. Green]].
Bloomberg received Giuliani's endorsement to succeed him in the 2001 election. He also had a huge campaign spending advantage. Although New York City's [[Campaign finance in the United States|campaign finance]] law restricts the amount of contributions that a candidate can accept, Bloomberg chose not to use public funds and therefore his campaign was not subject to these restrictions. He spent $73 million of his own money on his campaign, outspending Green five to one.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html |title=Mike's Wrong, Campaign Fixes Make Sense |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |author=Russianoff, Gene |date=December 9, 2003 |archive-date=January 5, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105025803/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html|author-link=Gene Russianoff |url-status=dead }}</ref> One of the major themes of his campaign was that, with the city's economy suffering from the effects of the World Trade Center attacks, it needed a mayor with business experience.
In addition to running on the Republican line, Bloomberg ran on the ticket of the controversial [[Independence Party of New York|Independence Party]], in which "[[Social Therapy]]" leaders [[Fred Newman (philosopher)|Fred Newman]] and [[Lenora Fulani]] exerted strong influence. Bloomberg's votes on that line exceeded his margin of victory over Green. (Under New York's [[Electoral fusion|fusion]] rules, a candidate can run on more than one party's line and combine all the votes received.) Another factor was the vote in [[Staten Island]], which has traditionally been friendlier to Republicans than the rest of the city. Bloomberg received 75 percent of the vote in Staten Island. Overall, he won 50.3 percent to 47.9 percent.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}
In the wake of the September 11 attacks, Bloomberg's administration made a successful bid to host the 2004 Republican National Convention. The [[2004 Republican National Convention protest activity|convention drew thousands of protesters]], among them New Yorkers who despised Bush and the [[George W. Bush|Bush]] administration's pursuit of the [[Iraq war]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-30-na-bloomberg30-story.html|title=Bloomberg Walks a Fine Line as Host|date=August 30, 2004|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bloomberg Makes City's Bid For 2004 G.O.P. Convention |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/nyregion/bloomberg-makes-city-s-bid-for-2004-gop-convention.html |website=The New York Times |first=Raymond |last=Hernandez |date=June 18, 2002 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
==== 2005 election ====
{{Main|2005 New York City mayoral election}}
Bloomberg was re-elected mayor in November 2005 by a margin of 20 percent, the widest margin ever for a Republican mayor of New York City.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html |title=Bloomberg wins by a KO: Crushes Ferrer by nearly 20-point margin |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=November 9, 2005 |access-date=November 12, 2008 |archive-date=November 26, 2005 |first1=Lisa L. |last1=Colangelo |first2=David |last2=Saltonstall |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126142753/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> He spent almost $78 million on his campaign, exceeding the record of $74 million he spent on the previous election. In late 2004 or early 2005, Bloomberg gave the [[Independence Party of New York]] $250,000 to fund a phone bank seeking to recruit volunteers for his re-election campaign.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Haberman, Maggie |author2=Saltonstall, David |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html |title=Mayor Hires Indys To Hunt volunteers |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=January 5, 2005 |archive-date=January 5, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050105171254/http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html |access-date=July 12, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Former Bronx Borough President [[Fernando Ferrer]] won the Democratic nomination to oppose Bloomberg in the general election. [[Thomas Ognibene]] sought to run against Bloomberg in the Republican Party's primary election.<ref name=schulman>{{cite news |last=Schulman |first=Robin |date=August 4, 2005 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/nyregion/metrocampaigns/04ognibene.html |title=Ognibene Loses Bid for Line on Ballot Against Bloomberg |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> The Bloomberg campaign successfully challenged the signatures Ognibene submitted to the Board of Elections to prevent Ognibene from appearing on ballots for the Republican primary.<ref name=schulman /> Instead, Ognibene ran on only the [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party]] ticket.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clyne |first=Meghan |url=https://www.nysun.com/new-york/ognibene-will-fight-bloomberg-all-the-way/12873/ |title=Ognibene Will Fight Bloomberg All the Way to November Election |work=[[The New York Sun]] |date=April 27, 2005 }}</ref> Ognibene accused Bloomberg of betraying Republican Party ideals, a feeling echoed by others.<ref>{{cite news |last=Levy |first=Julia |url=https://www.nysun.com/new-york/bloombergs-republican-problem/20193/ |title=Bloomberg's 'Republican' Problem |work=[[The New York Sun]] |date=September 19, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lagorio |first=Christine |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gop-mayors-reign-over-liberal-nyc/ |title=GOP Mayors Reign Over Liberal NYC |work=[[CBS News]] |date=October 22, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Gerald |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece |url-status=dead |title=Democrats Celebrate as Voters Pile Woe Upon Woe for Bush |work=[[The Times]] |date=November 10, 2005 |access-date=October 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614213156/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece |archive-date=June 14, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rudin |first=Ken |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11221628 |title=Bloomberg News: A 'Subway Series' for President? |work=NPR |date=June 20, 2007 }}</ref>
Bloomberg opposed the confirmation of [[John G. Roberts|John Roberts]] as [[Chief Justice of the United States]].<ref name="PR- 354-05">{{cite web |title=Statement By Mayor Bloomberg On Supreme Court Chief Justice Nominee John Roberts |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/354-05/statement-mayor-bloomberg-supreme-court-chief-justice-nominee-john-roberts |first1=Edward |last1=Skyler |first2=Jordan |last2=Barowitz |publisher=The City of New York |access-date=January 20, 2011 |date=September 16, 2005}}</ref> Bloomberg is a staunch supporter of [[Pro-Choice|abortion rights]] and did not believe that Roberts was committed to maintaining ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''.<ref name="PR- 354-05" /> In addition to Republican support, Bloomberg obtained the endorsements of several prominent Democrats: former Democratic Mayor [[Ed Koch]]; former Democratic governor [[Hugh Carey]]; former Democratic City Council Speaker [[Peter Vallone]], and his son, Councilman [[Peter Vallone Jr.]]; former Democratic Congressman [[Floyd Flake]] (who had previously endorsed Bloomberg in 2001), and [[Brooklyn]] [[Borough President]] [[Marty Markowitz]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html |title=Mike Soaks Up 2 Big Nods: Vallones Cross Party Line for Mayor |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=October 9, 2005 |access-date=November 12, 2008 |archive-date=January 4, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104155720/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html |first=Celeste |last=Katz |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==== 2009 election ====
{{Main|2009 New York City mayoral election}}
[[File:Mayor Michael Bloomberg (cropped).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg in 2007]]
On October 2, 2008, Bloomberg announced he would seek to extend the [[New York City mayoral elections#Terms and term limits (since 1834)|city's term limits law]] and run for a third mayoral term in 2009, arguing a leader of his field was needed following the [[financial crisis of 2007–08]]. "Handling this financial crisis while strengthening essential services ... is a challenge I want to take on," Bloomberg said at a news conference. "So should the City Council vote to amend term limits, I plan to ask New Yorkers to look at my record of independent leadership and then decide if I have earned another term."<ref name=Honan_Reuters_20081002>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN0228265920081002 |title=NYC's Bloomberg Says To Seek Third Term as Mayor |date=October 2, 2008 |author=Honan, Edith |work=Reuters}}</ref>
[[Ronald Lauder]], who campaigned for New York City's term limits in 1993 and spent over 4 million dollars of his own money to limit the maximum years a mayor could serve to eight years,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/nyregion/ronald-lauder-leader-of-term-limit-band.html |title=Ronald Lauder, Leader Of Term-Limit Band |author=Steven Lee Myers |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 24, 1993 |url-access=limited}}</ref> sided with Bloomberg and agreed to stay out of future legality issues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/lauder-favors-a-third-term-for-bloomberg/ |title=Lauder Favors a Third Term for Bloomberg |first=Jonathan P. |last=Hicks |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 30, 2008 |url-access=limited}}</ref> In exchange, he was promised a seat on an influential city board by Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/term-limit-deal-ronald-lauder-agrees-stay-legal-battle-return-city-board-seat-article-1.299400 |title=Term limit deal: Ronald Lauder agrees to stay out of legal battle in return for city board seat |first=Erin |last=Einhorn |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=October 6, 2008}}</ref>
Some people and organizations objected and [[NYPIRG]] filed a complaint with the City Conflict of Interest Board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106100625/http://mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 6, 2012 |title=Citizens Union/NYPIRG Forum on Term Limits Tonight |publisher=mas.org}}</ref> On October 23, 2008, the City Council voted 29–22 in favor of extending the term limit to three consecutive four-year terms.<ref name="nyccouncil">{{cite news |url=http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html |title={{-'}}Aye' And Mighty: Bloomberg's Wish Is Granted |website=[[WCBS-TV]] |date=October 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025085132/http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html |first=Marcia |last=Kramer |archive-date=October 25, 2008}}</ref> After two days of public hearings, Bloomberg signed the bill into law on November 3.<ref name=Chan-Chen_NYT_20081103>{{cite news |url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/03/bloomberg-hears-opponents-of-term-limits-bill |title=City Room: After an Earful, Mayor Signs Term Limits Bill |work=[[The New York Times]] |author-link=Sewell Chan |last1=Chan |first1=Sewell |last2=Chen |first2=David W. |date=November 3, 2008 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg's bid for a third term generated some controversy. Civil libertarians such as former [[New York Civil Liberties Union]] Director [[Norman Siegel]] and New York Civil Rights Coalition Executive Director Michael Meyers joined with local politicians to protest the process as undermining the democratic process.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374 |title=New Yorkers Protest Against Bloomberg Plan to Override Term Limits. |publisher=Archive.sohojournal.com |date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208140310/http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374 |first=Jo |last=Panisch |archive-date=December 8, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Bloomberg's opponent was [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Working Families Party]] nominee [[Bill Thompson (New York)|Bill Thompson]], who had been [[New York City Comptroller]] for the past eight years and before that, president of the [[New York City Board of Education]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov |title=Office of the New York City Controller |publisher=Comptroller.nyc.gov |date=April 14, 2014 |access-date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> Bloomberg defeated Thompson by a vote of 51 percent to 46 percent.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html |title=2009 Election Results |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 5, 2009 |access-date=May 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107034641/http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html |archive-date=November 7, 2009}}</ref> Bloomberg spent $109.2 million on his 2009 campaign, outspending Thompson by a margin of more than 11 to one.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.silive.com/news/2010/07/final_total_of_mayor_bloomberg.html|title=Final total of Mayor Bloomberg's 2009 campaign: $109M|agency=Associated Press|date=July 15, 2010|website=silive}}</ref>
After the release of Independence Party campaign filings in January 2010, it was reported that Bloomberg had made two $600,000 contributions from his personal account to the Independence Party on October 30 and November 2, 2009.<ref>{{cite news |author-link=Elizabeth Benjamin (journalist) |last=Benjamin |first=Elizabeth |title=Bloomberg's Independence (Pay)Day |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=January 25, 2010 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130014725/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html |archive-date=January 30, 2010}}</ref> The Independence Party then paid $750,000 of that money to Republican Party political operative John Haggerty Jr.<ref>{{cite news |last=Eligon |first=John |title=How G.O.P. Worker Got Bloomberg Money Is Investigated |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/nyregion/10independence.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
This prompted an investigation beginning in February 2010 by the office of [[New York County District Attorney]] [[Cyrus Vance Jr.]] into possible improprieties.<ref>{{cite news |last=Benjamin |first=Elizabeth |title=Vance Investigating Indy/Bloomberg/Haggerty Connection |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=February 9, 2010 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215225017/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html |archive-date=February 15, 2010}}</ref> The Independence Party later questioned how Haggerty spent the money, which was to go to poll-watchers.<ref>{{cite news |author=Benjamin, Elizabeth |title=Independence Party to Haggerty: Where's Our Money? |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=February 12, 2010 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217092127/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010}}</ref> Former New York State Senator [[Martin Connor]] contended that because the Bloomberg donations were made to an Independence Party housekeeping account rather than to an account meant for current campaigns, this was a violation of campaign finance laws.<ref>{{cite news |author=Barrett, Wayne |title=Mike Bloomberg's $1.2 Million Indy Party Donation Gets Murkier and Murkier |work=[[The Village Voice]] |date=March 2, 2010 |url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709162713/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php |archive-date=July 9, 2010}}</ref> Haggerty also spent money from a separate $200,000 donation from Bloomberg on office space.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Calder, Rich |author2=Seifman, David |title=Mike Poll Watcher Also Rented Office |work=[[New York Post]] |date=February 16, 2010 |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/queens/mike_poll_watcher_also_rented_office_qVYB5U94wgeOcz0uJKNVrN |access-date=February 16, 2010}}</ref>
==== 2013 election ====
{{Main|2013 New York City mayoral election}}
On September 13, 2013, Bloomberg announced that he would not endorse any of the candidates to succeed him.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael |last1=Barbaro |first2=Kate |last2=Taylor |title=Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html |work=The New York Times |date=September 13, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bloomberg focused on his legacy as he prepares to leave office |url=https://news.yahoo.com/michael-bloomberg-election-future-231927885.html |first=Holly |last=Bailey |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=November 5, 2013 |access-date=November 6, 2013}}</ref> On his radio show, he stated, "I don't want to do anything that complicates it for the next mayor. And that's one of the reasons I've decided I'm just not going to make an endorsement in the race." He added, "I want to make sure that person is ready to succeed, to take what we've done and build on that."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html|title=Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor|first1=Michael|last1=Barbaro|first2=Kate|last2=Taylor|date=September 13, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited}}</ref>
[[File:PM Narendra Modi with Michael Bloomberg.jpg|thumb|Bloomberg with Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in 2015]]
Bloomberg praised ''[[The New York Times]]'' for its endorsement of [[Christine Quinn]] and [[Joe Lhota]] as their favorite candidates in the Democratic and Republican primaries, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=In Conversation: Michael Bloomberg |url=http://nymag.com/news/politics/bloomberg/in-conversation-2013-9/# |first=Chris |last=Smith |work=New York |date=September 7, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg: I Won't Endorse Candidate In New York City Mayor Race |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/13/michael-bloomberg-endorse-no-new-york-city-mayor-race_n_3920428.html |work=The Huffington Post |date=September 13, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013 |first=Christopher |last=Mathias}}</ref> Quinn came in third in the Democratic primary and Lhota won the Republican primary. Bloomberg criticized Democratic mayoral candidate [[Bill de Blasio]]'s campaign methods, which he initially called "racist;" Bloomberg later downplayed and partially retracted those remarks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Louis |first=Errol |title=Bloomberg's 'racist' remark reveals much |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/09/opinion/louis-bloomberg-de-blasio |publisher=CNN |date=September 9, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref><ref name=AtlanticRacist>{{cite news |last=Simpson |first=Connor |title=New York Alters Bloomberg 'Racist' Accusation |url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/politics/2013/09/michael-bloomberg-calls-bill-de-blasios-campaign-racist/69157 |work=The Atlantic |date=September 7, 2013 |access-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref>
On January 1, 2014, de Blasio became New York City's new mayor, succeeding Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |last=Deprez |first=Esmé E. |title=Obama Endorses Fellow Democrat De Blasio for New York Mayor |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-23/obama-endorses-fellow-democrat-de-blasio-for-new-york-city-mayor.html |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=October 10, 2013 |date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>
=== Post-mayoral political involvement ===
{{See also|Draft Bloomberg movement}}
Bloomberg was frequently mentioned as a possible [[centrist]] candidate for the presidential elections in [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=December 31, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/31/us/politics/31bloomberg.html |title=Bloomberg Moves Closer to Running for President |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 31, 2007 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author-link=David Broder |last=Broder |first=David S. |date=December 30, 2007 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/29/AR2007122901476.html |title=Bipartisan Group Eyes Independent Bid |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=November 13, 2016 }}</ref> and [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], as well as for governor of New York [[2010 New York gubernatorial election|in 2010]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/11062007/news/regionalnews/mikes_secret_bid_to_run_vs__spitzer_789523.htm |first1=Frederic U. |last1=Dicker |first2=David |last2=Seifman |title=Mike's Secret Bid To Run vs. Spitzer |work=[[New York Post]] |date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref> or vice-president in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2007/06/mike-for-veep-001897 |title=Mike for Veep? |work=[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]] |author=Smith, Ben |date=June 21, 2007}}</ref> He eventually declined to seek all of these offices.
In the immediate aftermath of [[Hurricane Sandy]] in November 2012, Bloomberg penned an op-ed officially endorsing [[Barack Obama]] for president, citing Obama's policies on climate change.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2012-11-01/a-vote-for-a-president-to-lead-on-climate-change |first=Michael R. |last=Bloomberg |date=November 1, 2012 |title=A Vote for a President to Lead on Climate Change |work=Bloomberg |access-date=November 1, 2012 }}</ref><ref name=bloomswitch>{{cite news |last=Hernadez |first=Raymond |title=Bloomberg Backs Obama, Citing Fallout From Storm |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/nyregion/bloomberg-endorses-obama-saying-hurricane-sandy-affected-decision.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 3, 2012 |url-access=limited |date=November 1, 2012 |quote=he had decided over the past several days that Mr. Obama was the better candidate to tackle the global climate change that he believes might have contributed to the violent storm}}</ref>
==== 2016 elections ====
[[File:Michael Bloomberg 2016 DNC CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg|thumb|right|Bloomberg speaking at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]]]]
On January 23, 2016, it was reported that Bloomberg was again considering a presidential run, as an independent candidate in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]], if Bernie Sanders got the Democratic party nomination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/nyregion/bloomberg-sensing-an-opening-revisits-a-potential-white-house-run.html|title=Bloomberg, Sensing an Opening, Revisits a Potential White House Run|first1=Alexander|last1=Burns|first2=Maggie|last2=Haberman|date=January 23, 2016|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/01/bernie-sanders-may-inspire-michael-bloomberg-to-run-for-president|title=Michael Bloomberg May Enter The Presidential Race|first=Rachel|last=Handler|website=Vanity Fair}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://morningconsult.com/2016/01/24/poll-bloomberg-vs-sanders-vs-trump/|title=Poll: Bloomberg vs. Sanders vs. Trump|date=January 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-mulling-run-for-president-as-an-independent-1453568255 |title=Michael Bloomberg Mulling Run for President as Independent |author=Mara Gay |date=January 24, 2016 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg mulls presidential run on heels of Trump surge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/23/michael-bloomberg-considers-third-party-presidential-bid |newspaper=The Guardian |date=January 23, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2016 |issn=0261-3077 |first=Edward |last=Helmore}}</ref> This was the first time he had officially confirmed he was considering a run.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg: I'm considering 2016 bid |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/08/politics/michael-bloomberg-2016-election/ |newspaper=CNN |date=February 8, 2016 |access-date=February 9, 2016 |first=Dylan |last=Byers}}</ref> Bloomberg supporters believed that Bloomberg could run as a centrist and capture many voters who were dissatisfied with the likely Democratic and Republican nominees.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2016/02/18/michael-bloombergs-moment |title=Michael Bloomberg's Moment |work=The Economist |date=February 20, 2016 |access-date=February 19, 2020 }}</ref> However, on March 7, Bloomberg announced he would not be running for president.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2016-03-07/the-2016-election-risk-that-michael-bloomberg-won-t-take |access-date=February 19, 2020 |title=The Risk I Will Not Take |first=Michael R. |last=Bloomberg |date=March 7, 2016 |publisher=Bloomberg View}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-not-running-for-president.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Will Not Enter Presidential Race |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |date=March 7, 2016 |last2=Burns |first2=Alexander |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=March 7, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
In July 2016, Bloomberg delivered a speech at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]] in which he called Hillary Clinton "the right choice".<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-07-28/the-independent-s-case-for-clinton |title=The Independent's Case for Clinton |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael R. |date=July 27, 2016 |work=Bloomberg.com |access-date=July 26, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bloom4hillary">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-hillary-clinton-dnc.html |title=Dismayed by Donald Trump, Michael Bloomberg Will Endorse Hillary Clinton |last=Burns |first=Alexander |date=July 24, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=July 27, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="vox_prokopday3">{{cite news |last1=Prokop |first1=Andrew |title=How to watch the Democratic convention 2016: DNC live stream, TV channel, and schedule of events |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12268364/watch-dnc-democratic-convention-2016-live-stream-tv-channel-schedule-events |access-date=July 27, 2016 |publisher=Vox |date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg warned of the dangers a Donald Trump presidency would pose. He said Trump "wants you to believe that we can solve our biggest problems by deporting Mexicans and shutting out Muslims. He wants you to believe that erecting trade barriers will bring back good jobs. He's wrong on both counts." Bloomberg also said Trump's economic plans "would make it harder for small businesses to compete" and would "erode our influence in the world". Trump responded to the speech by condemning Bloomberg in a series of tweets.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Prokop |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/29/12324696/donald-trump-michael-bloomberg-dnc |title=Michael Bloomberg's DNC speech really got under Trump's skin |date=July 29, 2016 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |access-date=July 31, 2016}}</ref>
==== 2018 elections ====
In June 2018, Bloomberg pledged $80 million to support Democratic congressional candidates in the [[United States House of Representatives election, 2018|2018 election]], with the goal of flipping control of the Republican-controlled House to Democrats. In a statement, Bloomberg said that Republican House leadership were "absolutely feckless" and had failed to govern responsibly. Bloomberg advisor [[Howard Wolfson]] was chosen to lead the effort, which was to target mainly suburban districts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Alexander |last=Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/mike-bloomberg-democrats-election.html |access-date=February 19, 2020 |title=Michael Bloomberg Will Spend $80 Million on the Midterms. His Goal: Flip the House for the Democrats |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 20, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref> By early October, Bloomberg had committed more than $100 million to returning the House and Senate to Democratic power, fueling speculation about a presidential run in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/2018-midterm-elections-michael-bloomberg-house-democrats-88857edd-928a-483f-90ff-0472d8b766e9.html |title=Scoop: Michael Bloomberg becomes House Dems' $100 million man |last=Allen |first=Mike |date=September 27, 2018 |website=Axios |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> On October 10, 2018, Bloomberg announced that he had returned to the Democratic party.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 10, 2018 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/10/politics/michael-bloomberg-registers-as-a-democrat/index.html |title=Bloomberg re-registers as a Democrat, saying the party must provide 'checks and balances' |first=Devan |last=Cole |work=CNN |access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref>
=== 2020 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign}}
[[File:Mike Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign logo.svg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bloomberg's [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]] logo]]
[[File:Michael Bloomberg (49474988353).jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Bloomberg at a campaign rally in [[Phoenix, Arizona]] in February 2020]]
On March 5, 2019, Bloomberg had announced that he would not run for president in 2020. Instead, he encouraged the Democratic Party to "nominate a Democrat who will be in the strongest position to defeat [[Donald Trump]]".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Associated Press]] |first=Steve |last=Peoples |title=Ex-NYC Mayor Bloomberg won't run for president in 2020 |url=https://www.apnews.com/8a5d3aebc5bb4e4e97d301e119cd95a2 |date=March 5, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref> However, due to his dissatisfaction with the Democratic field, Bloomberg reconsidered. He officially launched his campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination on November 24, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020-presidency.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Joins 2020 Democratic Field for President |last=Burns |first=Alexander |date=November 24, 2019 |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 24, 2019 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg self-funded his campaign from his personal fortune, and did not accept campaign contributions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/23/michael-bloomberg-refuse-donations-presidential-bid|title=Michael Bloomberg vows to refuse donations as presidential bid looms|date=November 23, 2019| agency=Associated Press| work=The Guardian|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg's campaign suffered from his lackluster performance in two televised debates.<ref name=EndCostlyBid>Patricia Mazzei, Rebecca R. Ruiz & Jeremy W. Peters, [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-drops-out.html Michael Bloomberg Quits Democratic Race, Ending a Brief and Costly Bid], ''New York Times'' (March 4, 2020).</ref> When Bloomberg participated in his first presidential debate, [[Elizabeth Warren]] challenged him to release women from non-disclosure agreements relating to their [[Bloomberg L.P.#Controversies|allegations of sexual harassment at Bloomberg L.P.]] Two days later, Bloomberg announced that there were three women who had made complaints concerning him, and added that he would release any of the three if they request him to do so.<ref>{{Cite news| last1=Corasaniti|first1=Nick|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/21/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-nda.html| title=Bloomberg, in Reversal, Says He'll Release 3 Women From Nondisclosure Agreements| date=February 21, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 22, 2020|last2=Grynbaum| first2=Michael M.|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg offers to release women from three confidentiality agreements |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/21/politics/michael-bloomberg-nondisclosure-release/index.html |date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Warren continued her attack in the second debate the next week. Others criticized Bloomberg for his wealth and campaign spending,<ref name="Feb 25 debate">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg improves from his last debate — but is it enough? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bloomberg-improves-from-his-last-debate--but-is-it-enough/2020/02/25/ec87f7ba-57ef-11ea-9b35-def5a027d470_story.html |access-date=February 29, 2020 |issue=February 26, 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="debate 2 carville">{{cite news |title=Carville on Debate: "Warren Gives The Impression That She'd Rather Beat Bloomberg Than Win Herself" |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/02/25/carville_on_debate_warren_gives_the_impression_that_shed_rather_beat_bloomberg_than_win_herself.html |date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> as well as his former affiliation with the Republican Party.<ref name=EndCostlyBid />
As a late entrant to the race, Bloomberg skipped the first four state primaries and caucuses.<ref name=Mehta>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-04/michael-bloomberg-quits-presidential-race|title=Michael Bloomberg drops out of the presidential race and endorses Joe Biden|author=Seema Mehta|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> He spent $676 million of his personal fortune on the primary campaign, breaking a record for the most money ever spent on a presidential primary campaign.<ref name=Mehta /> His campaign blanketed the country with campaign advertisements on broadcast and cable television, the Internet, and radio,<ref>{{cite web| author=Jessica Taylor|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797048821/new-figures-show-billionaire-candidates-spending-big-with-little-return|title=New Figures Show Billionaire Candidates Spending Big, With Little Return|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=January 17, 2020}}</ref> as well as [[direct mail]].<ref name=EndCostlyBid /> Bloomberg also spent heavily on campaign operations that grew to 200 field offices and more than 2,400 paid campaign staffers.<ref name=EndCostlyBid /> His support in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|nationwide opinion polls]] hovered around 15 percent but stagnated or dropped before [[Super Tuesday]],<ref>Yelena Dzhanova, [https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/26/mike-bloomberg-stalls-in-presidential-polls-ahead-of-super-tuesday-vote.html Mike Bloomberg's momentum stalls in presidential polls ahead of Super Tuesday vote], CNBC (February 26, 2020).</ref> while former Vice President [[Joe Biden]] had become the centrist frontrunner after receiving the support of major candidates [[Pete Buttigieg]] and [[Amy Klobuchar]] shortly before Super Tuesday. Bloomberg suspended his campaign on March 4, 2020, after a disappointing Super Tuesday in which he [[2020 United States presidential caucuses in American Samoa|won only American Samoa]], and subsequently endorsed Biden.<ref name=Mehta /><ref name=EndCostlyBid /> Bloomberg donated $18M to the Democratic National Committee and publicly planned a "massive spending blitz" to support Biden's campaign.<ref>{{Cite web| last=Schwartz| first=Brian| date=May 15, 2020|title=Mike Bloomberg plots spending blitz to support Joe Biden's run for president|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/15/mike-bloomberg-plots-spending-blitz-to-back-joe-biden-campaign.html| access-date=July 24, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>
When a ''[[60 Minutes]]'' correspondent remarked on March 1 that Bloomberg had spent twice what President Trump had raised, he was asked how much he would spend. Bloomberg replied, "I'm making an investment in this country. My investment is I'm going to remove President Trump from 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue or at least try as hard as I can."<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-bloomberg-2020-democratic-presidential-candidate-60-minutes-2020-03-01/| title=Mike Bloomberg tells 60 Minutes why he should be president|author=Pelley, Scott| date=March 1, 2020|access-date=March 4, 2020|publisher=CBS News}}</ref>
Speaking on the final night of the 2020 Democratic National Convention, Bloomberg took aim at Trump's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the American economy: "Would you rehire or work for someone who ran your business into the ground? Who always does what's best for him or her, even when it hurts the company, and whose reckless decisions put you in danger, and who spends more time tweeting than working? If the answer is no, why the hell would we ever rehire Donald Trump for another four years?"<ref>{{Cite web|first=Daniel|last=Villarreal |date=August 20, 2020|title=Mike Bloomberg trashes Donald Trump's business record in fiery DNC speech| url=https://www.newsweek.com/mike-bloomberg-trashes-donald-trumps-business-record-fiery-dnc-speech-1526608|access-date=September 8, 2020|website=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| date=August 21, 2020|title=Don't Rehire a Failed President|language=en| work=Bloomberg.com| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-08-21/michael-bloomberg-dnc-speech-why-i-m-voting-for-joe-biden|access-date=September 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Thrush| first=Glenn |date=August 28, 2020|title=Joe Biden Pledges to 'Overcome This Season of Darkness' as the D.N.C. Ends |language=en-US|work=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/08/20/us/dnc-convention-election| access-date=September 8, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Political positions ==
{{Main|Political positions of Michael Bloomberg}}
[[File:Michael Bloomberg speech cropped (2).jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Bloomberg delivering a speech in 2004]]
Bloomberg was a lifelong [[Democratic Party of the United States|Democrat]] until 2001, when he switched to the [[Republican Party of the United States|Republican Party]] to run for Mayor. He switched to an [[Independent politician|independent]] in 2007 and registered again as a Democrat in October 2018.<ref name="Vox1">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/8/18221878/michael-bloomberg-2020-president-campaign-democrat-policies |title=Michael Bloomberg's 2020 presidential campaign and policy positions, explained |last=Stewart |first=Emily |work=Vox |date=November 25, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/10/10/17959224/michael-bloomberg-democrat-republican-2020-donald-trump |title=Michael Bloomberg is a Democrat again, fueling speculation about 2020 aspirations |last=Stewart |first=Emily |work=Vox |date=October 10, 2018 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Bloomberg|title=Michael Bloomberg {{!}} Biography, Business, Mayorship, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref> In 2004, he endorsed the re-election of [[George W. Bush]] and spoke at the [[2004 Republican National Convention]]. He endorsed [[Barack Obama]]'s re-election in 2012, endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]], and spoke at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]].<ref name=politico1>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/26/bloomberg-republican-endorsement-2020-073807 |title=Mike Bloomberg to donate $10 million to House Democrats targeted by GOP |last=Otterbein |first=Holly |work=Politico |date=November 26, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref>
As Mayor of New York, Bloomberg supported government initiatives in public health and welfare.<ref name="businessinsider" /><ref name=ukspeech>{{cite web |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/348-07/mayor-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-2007-conservative-party-conference |title=Mayor Bloomberg Delivers Remarks at 2007 Conservative Party Conference |last=Bloomberg |first=Michael |website=nyc.gov |date=September 30, 2007 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=Luhby>Tami Luhby, [https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/25/politics/bloomberg-smoking-calorie-counts-trans-fat/index.html Three Bloomberg policies all of America now lives with], CNN (February 25, 2020).</ref> This included [[tobacco control]] efforts (including an increase in the legal age to purchase tobacco products, a ban on smoking in indoor workplaces, and an increase in the cigarette tax);<ref name=Luhby /><ref>{{Cite web |work=tobaccofreekids.org |url=https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/blog/2013_11_19_bloomberg1 |title = Mayor Bloomberg Signs Landmark Bills to Further Reduce Smoking in New York City|date = November 20, 2013}}</ref> the elimination of the use of artificial [[trans fats]] in restaurants;<ref name=Luhby /> and bans on all flavored tobacco and e-cigarette products including menthol flavors.<ref>{{Cite web |work=nydailynews.com |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-mike-bloomberg-ecigs-cigarettes-vaping-20200115-5awd5ivmejg5tgbvpm4ujcpxnu-story.html |title = Bloomberg calls for nationwide crackdown on e-cigs}}</ref> Bloomberg also launched an unsuccessful effort to [[Sugary drinks portion cap rule|ban on certain large (more than 16 fluid ounce) sugary sodas]] at restaurants and food service establishments in the city.<ref name=Luhby /> These initiatives were supported by public health advocates<ref name=Luhby /><ref name=Badger>{{Cite web |first=Emily |last=Badger |date=October 31, 2013 |url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2013/10/radical-case-bloombergs-nanny-state/7434/ |work=[[Citylab]] |title = The Radical Case for Bloomberg's 'Nanny' State}}</ref> but were criticized by some as "[[nanny state]]" policies.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Frank |last=James |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/05/31/154063100/bloomberg-becomes-for-some-a-nanny-state-symbol-giving-obama-a-breather |title=Bloomberg Becomes Nanny-State Epitome for Some, Giving Obama a Breather |work=NPR |date=May 31, 2012 }}</ref>
Over his career, Bloomberg has "mingled support for progressive causes with more conservative positions on law enforcement, business regulation and [[school choice]]."<ref name=EmpireInfluence>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/15/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-spending.html|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Bloomberg's Billions: How the Candidate Built an Empire of Influence|first1=Alexander|last1=Burns|first2=Nicholas|last2=Kulish|date=February 15, 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref> Bloomberg supports gun-control measures, abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants.<ref name="businessinsider">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-michael-bloomberg-bio-age-family-and-key-positions-2019-11 |title=Michael Bloomberg is running for president in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition. |last=Relman |first=Eliza |work=Business Insider |date=February 11, 2020 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> He advocates for a [[public health insurance option]] that he has called "Medicare for all for people that are uncovered" rather than a universal [[single-payer healthcare]] system.<ref name="businessinsider" /> He is concerned about [[climate change]] and has touted his mayoral efforts to reduce [[greenhouse gases]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/michael-bloomberg-talks-climate-change-article-1.2511688 |title=Michael Bloomberg talks climate change with UN |first=Jennifer |last=Fermino |date=January 27, 2016 |work=NY Daily News}}</ref> Bloomberg supported the [[Iraq War]] and opposed creating a timeline for withdrawing troops.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.city-journal.org/bloomberg-foreign-policy-presidential-run |title=The Mayor and the World |last=Miller |first=Judith |author-link=Judith Miller |work=[[City Journal]] |date=November 11, 2019 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Manchester |first1=Julia |title=Bloomberg on backing 2003 invasion of Iraq: 'I don't live in a regret world' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/477144-bloomberg-on-backing-2003-invasion-of-iraq-i-dont-live-in-a-regret-world |website=The Hill |access-date=February 18, 2020|date=January 7, 2020 }}</ref> Bloomberg has sometimes embraced the use of [[surveillance]] in efforts to deter crime and protect against terrorism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newyork-surveillance/bloomberg-defends-city-surveillance-camera-plan-idUSN0243142020071002 |title=Bloomberg defends city surveillance camera plan |author=Honan, Edith |work=Reuters |date=October 2, 2007 |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://observer.com/2013/04/bloomberg-says-post-boston-interpretation-of-the-constitution-will-have-to-change/ |title=Bloomberg Says Interpretation of Constitution Will 'Have to Change' After Boston Bombing |last=Colvin |first=Jill |work=Observer |date=April 22, 2013 |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref>
During and after<ref name=mcharris /> his tenure, he was a staunch supporter of [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop-and-frisk]]. In November 2019, Bloomberg apologized for supporting it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldmacher |first1=Shane |title=Michael Bloomberg Pushed 'Stop-and-Frisk' Policing. Now He's Apologizing. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/17/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-speech.html |work=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2019 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.democracynow.org/2020/2/12/michael_bloomberg_aspen_2015_unearthed_audio |work=[[Democracy Now!]] |date=February 12, 2020 |first=Amy |last=Goodman |author-link=Amy Goodman |title = Meet the Journalist Who Exposed Bloomberg's Racist Defense of Targeting Black & Brown Youth}}</ref><ref name=mcharris>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/02/16/should-mike-bloombergs-stop-and-frisk-record-disqualify-him/ |title=Should Mike Bloomberg's stop-and-frisk record disqualify him? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 16, 2020 |first=Philip V. |last=McHarris |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> He advocates reversing many of the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Trump tax cuts]]. His own tax plan includes implementing a 5 percent surtax on incomes above $5 million a year and would raise federal revenue by $5 trillion over a decade. He opposes a [[wealth tax]], saying that it would likely be found unconstitutional.<ref name="tax plan 2020">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Proposes $5 Trillion in Taxes on the Rich and Corporations |first1=Jim |last1=Tankersley |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-tax-plan.html |access-date=February 16, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=February 1, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hirsch |first=Lauren |title='I will pay more': Bloomberg unveils $5 trillion tax plan targeting the wealthy and corporations |date=February 1, 2020 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/01/billionaire-mike-bloomberg-calls-for-tax-on-incomes-over-5-million.html |website=CNBC |access-date=February 16, 2020}}</ref> He has also proposed more stringent financial regulations that include tougher oversight for big banks, a [[financial transactions tax]], and stronger consumer protections.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Merle |first1=Renae |title=Bloomberg's new plan to crack down on Wall Street includes financial transactions tax |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/02/18/bloombergs-new-plan-crack-down-wall-street-includes-financial-transactions-tax/ |website=The Washington Post |access-date=February 18, 2020 |date=February 18, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg stated that running as a Democrat{{snd}}not an independent{{snd}}was the only path he saw to defeating [[Donald Trump]], saying: "In 2020, the great likelihood is that an independent would just split the anti-Trump vote and end up re-electing the President. That's a risk I refused to run in 2016 and we can't afford to run it now."<ref name="Vox1" />
== Philanthropy ==
{{Main|Bloomberg Philanthropies}}
{{See also|Everytown for Gun Safety}}
In August 2010, Bloomberg signed [[The Giving Pledge]], whereby the wealthy pledge to give away at least half of their wealth. Since then, he has given away $9.5 billion overall including $3.3 billion in 2019. According to Chronicle of Philanthropy, he gave away the most money of any philanthropist in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Di Mento|first1=Maria|last2=Rendon|first2=Jim|date=February 11, 2020|title=Michael Bloomberg Tops Philanthropy 50 as Records for Billion-Dollar Giving Are Set|work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Tops/248009|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704017904575409713589040490 |title=Mayor Pledges Wealth |last=Banjo |first=Shelly |date=August 5, 2010 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=April 22, 2017 |issn=0099-9660 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
According to a profile in ''[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]'', his [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] foundation has five areas of focus: public health, the arts, government innovation, the environment, and education.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sridhar |last=Pappu |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1769004/whats-next-michael-bloomberg |title=What's Next For Michael Bloomberg |work=[[Fast Company]] |date=August 8, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Conservative Billionaire Richard Scaife Tops List of 50 Biggest Donors |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Conservative-Billionaire/235234 |first1=Maria |last1=Di Mento |first2=Drew |last2=Lindsay |website=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |access-date=February 11, 2016 |date=February 9, 2016}}</ref> Through the Foundation, he has donated and/or pledged $767 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Annual Report {{!}} Bloomberg Philanthropies|url=https://annualreport.bloomberg.org/|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=2019 Annual Report|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |first=Maria |last=Di Mento |url=http://philanthropy.com/article/No-5-Michael-R-Bloomberg/130550 |title=No. 5: Michael R. Bloomberg |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |date=February 6, 2012 }}</ref>
2011 recipients included the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids; [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]; [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]]; [[World Lung Foundation]] and the [[World Health Organization]]. According to ''The New York Times'', Bloomberg was an "anonymous donor" to the [[Carnegie Corporation]] from 2001 to 2010, with gifts ranging from $5 million to $20 million each year.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/19/nyregion/19bloomberg.html |title=Bloomberg Is Quietly Ending a Charitable Program |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 18, 2010 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> The [[Carnegie Corporation]] distributed these contributions to hundreds of New York City organizations ranging from the [[Dance Theatre of Harlem]] to [[Gilda's Club]], a non-profit organization that provides support to people and families living with cancer. He continues to support the arts through his foundation.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kate |last=Taylor |url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/bloomberg-family-foundation-to-support-arts |title=Bloomberg Family Foundation to Support Arts |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 15, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg gave $254 million in 2009 to almost 1,400 nonprofit organizations, saying, "I am a big believer in giving it all away and have always said that the best financial planning ends with bouncing the check to the undertaker."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-17/broad-commits-75-of-wealth-to-charity-takes-buffett-up-on-giving-pledge.html |work=Bloomberg |title=Broad, Bloomberg Back Buffett Call for Billionaire Donations |first=Dakin |last=Campbell |date=June 17, 2010}}</ref>
=== COVID-19 response ===
During the 2020 [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] pandemic and its aftermath, Bloomberg through his foundation committed to a wide range of urgent causes including researching treatments and vaccines, leading contact tracing to root out the virus, supporting the World Health Organization, and funding global efforts to fight the spread of the disease and protect vulnerable populations. Action included:
* Cofounding a $75 million fund for nonprofits impacted by COVID-19 in New York City<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cuccinello|first=Hayley C.|title=Michael Bloomberg, Jon Stryker Donate To $75 Million COVID-19 Fund For New York City Nonprofits|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/03/20/michael-bloomberg-jon-stryker-donate-to-75-million-covid-19-fund-for-new-york-city-nonprofits/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>
* Donating $6 million to [[World Central Kitchen]] to serve meals to health care workers in New York City<ref>{{Cite web|last=Di Mento|first=Maria|date=April 20, 2020|title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $6 Million to World Central Kitchen|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Gives-6/248563|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref>
* Partnering with Johns Hopkins University to train COVID-19 contact tracers through its school of public health and search for a treatment of the virus.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Eichensehr|first=Morgan|date=May 13, 2020|title=Johns Hopkins launches free course to train Covid-19 contact tracers worldwide|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2020/05/13/hopkins-launches-free-course-on-conact-tracing.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Watson|first=Tiffany|date=March 27, 2020|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies, State of Maryland fund Johns Hopkins Univ. COVID-19 research|url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/bloomberg-philanthropies-state-of-maryland-fund-johns-hopkins-univ-covid-19-research|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=WBFF}}</ref>
* Convening mayors through a partnership with Harvard College to learn and discuss their pandemic response, featuring a bipartisan roster of speakers and attendees.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hart|first=Kim|title=Michael Bloomberg's coronavirus pivot|url=https://www.axios.com/michael-bloomberg-coronavirus-fb905125-e16b-42cd-a51b-a5ed9f3c9cea.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=March 10, 2020|title=Bloomberg, Gates foundations announce initiatives to help coronavirus response|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90475264/bloomberg-gates-foundations-announce-initiatives-to-help-coronavirus-response|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Leading New York's contact tracing effort<ref>{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Shannon|title=Cuomo, Bloomberg detail plan to trace Covid-19 contacts|url=https://politi.co/2xjEOj8|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Politico PRO|language=en}}</ref>
* Launching an information and action sharing network for cities through the [[National League of Cities]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hart|first=Kim|title=Bloomberg launches coronavirus response network for mayors|url=https://www.axios.com/bloomberg-coronavirus-response-network-mayors-c4cbc603-81f5-4334-8c45-da4813fbb0c2.html|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref>
* Supporting international efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 and prepare regional leaders through the [[International Rescue Committee]], the [[World Health Organization]], Vital Strategies and other partners<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Bruce Y.|title='One World: Together At Home' Concert: Stars Support COVID-19 Coronavirus Efforts|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2020/04/19/one-world-together-at-home-concert-stars-support-covid-19-coronavirus-efforts/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Prest|first=M.J.|date=April 28, 2020|title=New Grant Commitments for Covid-19 Relief|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/New-Grant-Commitments-for/248647|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies unveils $40M global initiative for COVID-19 response|url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-40m-global-initiative-coronavirus-africa-local-leaders/574289/|access-date=July 22, 2020|website=Smart Cities Dive|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Environmental advocacy ===
Bloomberg is an environmentalist and has advocated policy to fight climate change at least since he became the mayor of New York City. At the national level, Bloomberg has consistently pushed for transitioning the United States' energy mix from fossil fuels to clean energy. In July 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies donated $50 million to [[Sierra Club]]'s [[Beyond Coal]] campaign, allowing the campaign to expand its efforts to shut down [[coal-fired power plant]]s from 15 states to 45 states.<ref>{{cite news |title=N.Y. Mayor Bloomberg gives $50 million to fight coal-fired power plants |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mayor-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-fight-coal-fired-power-plants/2011/07/20/gIQAEKKURI_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first1=Christian |last1=Torres |first2=Juliet |last2=Eilperin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Bloomberg Donates $50 Million To Sierra Club |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/21/138568843/mayor-bloomberg-donates-50-million-to-sierra-club |date=July 21, 2011 |publisher=NPR |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Elizabeth |last=Shogren}}</ref> In 2015, Bloomberg announced an additional $30 million contribution to the Beyond Coal initiative, matched with another $30 million by other donors, to help secure the retirement of half of America's fleet of coal plants by 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg's war on coal |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/michael-bloomberg-environment-coal-sierra-club-116793 |work=[[Politico]] |first=Andrew |last=Restuccia |date=April 8, 2015 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In July 2017, Europe Beyond Coal was established to phase out use of coal on the continent by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=May 8, 2020|title=Europe is getting off coal even faster than expected|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90502628/europe-is-getting-off-coal-even-faster-than-expected|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref> Austria closed its final coal-fired plant in April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frangoul|first=Anmar|date=April 20, 2020|title=Austria's last coal-fired power station closes as the country pushes renewables|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/austrias-last-coal-fired-power-station-has-closed-down.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In early June 2019, Bloomberg pledged $500 million to reduce climate impacts and shut remaining coal-fired power plants by 2030 via the new Beyond Carbon initiative.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-to-put-500m-into-closing-all-remaining-coal-plants-by-2030/ |title=Bloomberg to put $500M into closing all remaining coal plants by 2030 |date=June 7, 2019 |website=CBS News |language=en-US |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/2019/06/07/michael-bloomberg-climate-change/ |title=Bloomberg Pledges $500 Million to Coordinated Campaign to Combat Climate Change |last=Bach |first=Natasha |date=June 7, 2019 |website=Fortune |language=en |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref>
Bloomberg Philanthropies awarded a $6 million grant to the [[Environmental Defense Fund]] in support of strict regulations on [[Hydraulic fracturing|fracking]] in the 14 states with the heaviest natural gas production.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Backs Fracking, With Rules to Protect the Environment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/nyregion/bloomberg-backs-gas-drilling-with-rules-to-protect-the-environment.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 24, 2012 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Mireya |last=Navarro |url-access=limited}}</ref>
In 2013, Bloomberg and Bloomberg Philanthropies launched the Risky Business initiative with former Treasury Secretary [[Henry Paulson|Hank Paulson]] and hedge-fund billionaire [[Tom Steyer]]. The joint effort worked to convince the business community of the need for more sustainable energy and development policies, by quantifying and publicizing the economic risks the United States faces from the [[effects of climate change|impact of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Risky Business' Report Aims to Frame Climate Change as Economic Issue |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/risky-business-report-aims-to-frame-climate-change-as-economic-issue-1403578637 |date=June 23, 2014 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0099-9660 |first=Alicia |last=Mundy |url-access=subscription}}</ref> In January 2015, Bloomberg led Bloomberg Philanthropies in a $48-million partnership with the Heising-Simons family to launch the Clean Energy Initiative. The initiative supports state-based solutions aimed at ensuring America has a clean, reliable, and affordable energy system.<ref>{{cite web |title=States Get $48M Boost From Bloomberg Charity To Help Meet Obama Climate Change Agenda |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/states-get-48m-boost-bloomberg-charity-help-meet-obama-climate-change-agenda-1789946 |website=International Business Times |access-date=November 11, 2015 |date=January 21, 2015}}</ref>
Since 2010, Bloomberg has taken an increasingly global role on environmental issues. From 2010 to 2013, he served as the chairman of the [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]], a network of the world's biggest cities working together to reduce [[carbon emissions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c40.org/history |title=History of the C40 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=C40 Cities |publisher=c40.org}}</ref> During his tenure, Bloomberg worked with President Bill Clinton to merge C40 with the [[Clinton Climate Initiative]], with the goal of amplifying their efforts in the global fight against climate change worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg and Bill Clinton to Merge Climate Groups |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/nyregion/14bloomberg.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 13, 2011 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url-access=limited}}</ref> He serves as the president of the board of C40 Cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cities-today.com/interview-michael-bloomberg-outgoing-chair-and-current-president-c40-cities |title=Interview: Michael Bloomberg, Outgoing Chair and Current President C40 Cities. |date=February 18, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=Cities Today |last=Andrews |first=Jonathan}}</ref> In January 2014, Bloomberg began a five-year commitment totaling $53 million through Bloomberg Philanthropies to the Vibrant Oceans Initiative. The initiative partners Bloomberg Philanthropies with [[Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana]], [[Rare (conservation organization)|Rare]], and Encourage Capital to help reform fisheries and increase sustainable populations worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-commits-53-million-675418 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Commits $53 Million to Save the Oceans |date=January 29, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> In 2018, Bloomberg joined [[Ray Dalio]] in announcing a commitment of $185 million towards protecting the oceans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/10/29/ray-dalio-and-michael-bloomberg-commit-185-million-to-protect-the-oceans/ |date=October 29, 2018 |title=Ray Dalio and Michael Bloomberg Commit $185 Million To Protect The Oceans |last=Chaykowski |first=Kathleen |website=Forbes |language=en |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>
In 2014, [[United Nations Secretary General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]] appointed Bloomberg as his first Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change to help the United Nations work with cities to prevent climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. appoints former NYC Mayor Bloomberg cities, climate change envoy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-un-bloomberg/u-n-appoints-former-nyc-mayor-bloomberg-cities-climate-change-envoy-idUSBREA0U02Q20140131 |first=Michelle |last=Nichols |work=Reuters |date=January 31, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In September 2014, Bloomberg convened with Ban and global leaders at the UN Climate Summit to announce definite action to fight climate change in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. climate summit is high-profile, but some of world's most important leaders will skip it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/22/u-n-climate-summit-is-high-profile-but-some-of-worlds-most-important-leaders-will-skip-it |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first=Adam |last=Taylor}}</ref> In 2018, Ban's successor [[António Guterres]] appointed Bloomberg as UN envoy for climate action.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1791.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Michael R. Bloomberg of United States Special Envoy for Climate Action |website=www.un.org |language=en |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2018/03/05/mike-bloomberg-to-lead-uns-climate-change-initiative/ |title=Mike Bloomberg to lead UN's climate change initiative |date=March 6, 2018 |work=New York Post |access-date=May 10, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> He resigned in November 2019, in the run-up to his presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Edith M. |last=Lederer |url=https://apnews.com/635749720def4d4ab7f140f5c40716a0|title=Bloomberg, now Democratic candidate, resigns UN climate post|date=November 25, 2019|work=Associated Press}}</ref>
In late 2014, Bloomberg, Ban Ki-moon, and global city networks [[ICLEI]]-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]] (C40) and [[United Cities and Local Governments]] (UCLG), with support from UN-Habitat, launched the [[Compact of Mayors]], a global coalition of mayors and city officials pledging to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions, enhance [[climate resilience]], and track their progress transparently.<ref>{{cite web |title=C40: About the Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |website=c40.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102041301/http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |archive-date=November 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> To date, over 250 cities representing more than 300 million people worldwide and 4.1 percent of the total global population, have committed to the Compact of Mayors,<ref>{{cite web |title=News Archives – Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.compactofmayors.org/news/category/news |website=Compact of Mayors |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> which was merged with the [[Covenant of Mayors]] in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/22/compact-of-mayors-and-eu-covenant-of-mayors-launch-largest-global-coalition-of-cities-committed-to-fighting-climate-change |title=Compact of Mayors and EU Covenant of Mayors launch largest global coalition of cities committed to fighting climate change |date=June 22, 2016 |website=National Geographic Society (blogs) |publisher=nationalgeographic.com |access-date=July 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecowatch.com/7-100-cities-from-119-countries-join-together-in-historic-collaboratio-1891181666.html |title=7,100 Cities From 119 Countries Join Together in Historic Collaboration to Accelerate Climate Action |website=EcoWatch |access-date=July 21, 2016 |date=June 23, 2016}}</ref>
In 2015, Bloomberg and [[mayor of Paris|Paris mayor]] [[Anne Hidalgo]] created the Climate Summit for Local Leaders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Local-governments day announced for Paris climate summit |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |website=citiscope.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211161252/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which convened assembled hundreds of city leaders from around the world at [[Paris City Hall]] to discuss fighting climate change.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b1fc3b0-9a92-11e5-be4f-0abd1978acaa.html#axzz43Ac4ZQjU |title=Mayors call for more powers to fight climate change |last=Stothard |first=Michael |date=December 4, 2015 |newspaper=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766 |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52731#.Vuq9IvkrJ2R |title=COP21 in Paris, mayors and celebrities join UN launch of report on boosting investment towards climate smart cities |last=Section |first=United Nations News Service |date=December 4, 2015 |website=UN News Service Section |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |title=Extending local-level climate action beyond '30-ring circus' of COP 21 |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323212639/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Summit concluded with the presentation of the Paris Declaration, a pledge by leaders from assembled global cities to cut carbon emissions by 3.7 gigatons annually by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |date=December 5, 2015 |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |title=With Paris City Hall Declaration, world mayors throw down gauntlet on climate |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323195413/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
During the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|2015 UN Climate Change Conference]] in Paris, [[Mark Carney]], [[Governor of the Bank of England]] and chair of the [[Financial Stability Board]], announced that Bloomberg would lead a new global task force designed to help industry and financial markets understand the growing [[Climate risk|risks of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/04/mark-carney-unveils-global-taskforce-to-educate-business-on-climate-change |title=Michael Bloomberg to head global taskforce on climate change |last=Elliott |first=Larry |date=December 4, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
Following President [[Donald Trump]]'s announcement that the [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|U.S. government would withdraw from the Paris climate accord]], Bloomberg outlined a coalition of cities, states, universities and businesses that had come together to honor America's commitment under the agreement through 'America's Pledge.'<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climate-paris-idUSKBN18W2DQ |title=Bloomberg delivers U.S. pledge to continue Paris climate goals to U.N. |date=June 5, 2017 |work=Reuters |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> Bloomberg offered up to $15 million to the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|UNFCCC]], the UN body that assists countries with climate change efforts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Chappell |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531238185/bloomberg-promises-15-million-to-help-make-up-for-u-s-withdrawal-from-climate-de |title=Bloomberg Promises $15 Million To Help Make Up For U.S. Withdrawal From Climate Deal |publisher=NPR|access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/american-cities-climate-standards.html |title=Bucking Trump, These Cities, States and Companies Commit to Paris Accord |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |date=June 1, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Fountain |first2=Henry |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref> About a month later, Bloomberg and California Governor [[Jerry Brown]] announced that the America's Pledge coalition would work to "quantify the actions taken by U.S. states, cities and business to drive down greenhouse gas emissions consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/ |title=America's Pledge on Climate Change |website=Americas Pledge On Climate |language=en-US |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/denizcam/2017/07/12/michael-bloomberg-and-california-governor-jerry-brown-pledge-to-fight-climate-change/#6359665d8ab2 |title=Michael Bloomberg and California Governor Jerry Brown Pledge To Fight Climate Change |last=Cam |first=Deniz |work=Forbes |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In announcing the initiative, Bloomberg said "the American government may have pulled out of the Paris agreement, but American society remains committed to it."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/americas-pledge-jerry-brown-michael-bloomberg-climate-change-2017-7 |first=Madeleine Sheehan |last=Perkins |date=July 12, 2017 |title=The governor of California and Michael Bloomberg launched a new plan to fight climate change — with or without Trump |work=Business Insider |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Two [[think tank]]s, [[World Resources Institute|World Resource Institute]] and the [[Rocky Mountain Institute]], will work with America's Pledge to analyze the work cities, states and businesses do to meet the U.S. commitment to the Paris agreement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/11/climate/cities-states-businesses-emissions-climate-pact.html |title=U.S. Cities, States and Businesses Pledge to Measure Emissions |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |date=July 11, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Friedman |first2=Lisa |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
In May 2019, Bloomberg announced a 2020 Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit in [[Washington University in St. Louis]] with the aim to bring together leaders from Midwestern universities, local government and the private sector to reduce climate impacts in the region.<ref name="midwestern collegiate">{{cite press release |url=https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/michael-bloomberg-announces-midwestern-collegiate-climate-summit/ |first1=Lee |last1=Cochran |first2=Erika |last2=Ebsworth-Goold |title=Michael Bloomberg Announces Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit |website=Bloomberg Philanthropies |language=en-US |date=May 16, 2019 |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/wash-u-becomes-hub-midwest-summit-fight-climate-change |date=May 16, 2019 |title=Wash U Becomes Hub Of Midwest Summit To Fight Climate Change |last=Chen |first=Eli|publisher=KWMU|language=en |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/5e9ba538d48842dbbdc24ee9ea8aea39 |title=Michael Bloomberg announces St. Louis climate conference |date=May 17, 2019 |work=Associated Press|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>
=== Johns Hopkins University philanthropy ===
As of 2019, Bloomberg has given more than $3.3 billion to [[Johns Hopkins University]], his alma mater,<ref name=":5">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/bloomberg-gives-johns-hopkins-a-record-18-billion-for-student-financial-aid/2018/11/18/8db256cc-eb4e-11e8-96d4-0d23f2aaad09_story.html |last1=Anderson |first1=Nick |title=Bloomberg gives Johns Hopkins a record $1.8 billion for student financial aid |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 18, 2018 |access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref> making him "the most generous living donor to any education institution in the United States."<ref name=NYTUnivDonors>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/27/nyregion/at-1-1-billion-bloomberg-is-top-university-donor-in-us.html |title=$1.1 Billion in Thanks From Bloomberg to Johns Hopkins |date=January 27, 2013 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> His first contribution, in 1965, had been $5.<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> He made his first $1 million commitment to JHU in 1984, and subsequently became the first individual to exceed $1 billion in lifetime donations to a single U.S. institution of higher education.<ref name=350JHU>{{cite press release|title=Michael R. Bloomberg Commits $350 Million to Johns Hopkins for Transformational Academic Initiative 2013 |url=https://releases.jhu.edu/2013/01/26/michael-r-bloomberg-commits-350-million-to-johns-hopkins/ |first1=Dennis |last1=O'Shea |first2=Tracey |last2=Reeves |date=January 26, 2013}}</ref>
Bloomberg's contributions to Johns Hopkins "fueled major improvements in the university's reputation and rankings, its competitiveness for faculty and students, and the appearance of its campus,"<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> and included construction of a [[Johns Hopkins Children's Center|children's hospital]] (the [[Johns Hopkins Children's Center|Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building]], named after Bloomberg's mother); a [[physics]] building, a school of public health (the [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]]), libraries, and biomedical research facilities,<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /> including the Institute for Cell Engineering, a [[stem-cell research]] institute within the [[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine|School of Medicine]], and the Malaria Research Institute within the School of Public Health.<ref name=NYTUnivDonors /><ref name=350JHU /> In 2013, Bloomberg committed $350 million to Johns Hopkins, five-sevenths of which were allocated to the [[Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships]], endowing 50 Bloomberg Distinguished Professors (BDPs) whose interdisciplinary expertise crosses traditional academic disciplines.<ref name=350JHU /> In 2016, on the School of Public Health's centennial, [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]] contributed $300 million to establish the Bloomberg American Health Initiative.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ron |last=Winslow |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-gives-300-million-to-johns-hopkins-for-public-health-effort-1473951780 |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $300 Million to Johns Hopkins for Public-Health Effort |date=September 15, 2016 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bloomberg also funded the launch of the [[Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center|Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy]] within the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in East Baltimore, with a $50 million gift; an additional $50 million was given by philanthropist [[Sidney Kimmel]], and $25 million by other donors.<ref name="fortune.com">{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/29/john-hopkins-cancer-center-bloomberg/ |first=Laura |last=Lorenzetti |title=Bloomberg and Kimmel Help Launch Johns Hopkins Cancer Center With Major Donations |website=Fortune|date=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4001500/mike-bloomberg-and-others-donate-125-million-for-breakthrough-cancer-research-2 |first=Marcus |last=Baram |title=Mike Bloomberg and others donate $125 million for breakthrough cancer research |website=FastCo News |language=en-US |access-date=April 15, 2016 |date=March 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-maryland-cancer-johnshopkins-idUSKCN0WV2IK |first=Ian |last=Simpson |title=Bloomberg, others give $125 million for immunotherapy cancer research |date=March 29, 2016 |newspaper=Reuters |access-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> It will support cancer therapy research, technology and infrastructure development, and private sector partnerships.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2016/03/29/cancer-immunotherapy-center-bloomberg-kimmel/ |title=Johns Hopkins launches cancer research center with $125 million from Bloomberg, Kimmel, others |website=The Hub |access-date=April 15, 2016 |date=March 29, 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Bloomberg joined [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Joe Biden]] for the institute's formal launch, embracing Biden's "[[Cancer Breakthroughs 2020|Cancer Moonshot]]" initiative, which seeks to find a cure for cancer through national coordination of government and private sector resources.<ref name="fortune.com" /> In 2018, Bloomberg contributed a further gift of $1.8 billion to Johns Hopkins, allowing the university to practice [[need-blind admission]] and meet the full financial need of admitted students.<ref name=":5" />
=== Other educational and research philanthropy ===
Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg established the American Talent Initiative in 2016 which is committed to increasing the number of lower-income high-achieving students attending elite colleges.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Seltzer|first=Rick|date=December 13, 2016|title=Effort launches to boost low-income enrollment at top colleges|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/12/13/effort-launches-boost-low-income-enrollment-top-colleges|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=www.insidehighered.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 5, 2018|title=What's the Biggest Challenge for Colleges and Universities?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/education/learning/biggest-challenge-for-colleges-and-universities.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Bloomberg Philanthropies also supports CollegePoint which has provided advising to lower- and moderate-income high school students since 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Nick|date=March 27, 2018|title=Invisible no more: How advising programs are finding new talent for top colleges|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/invisible-no-more-how-advising-programs-are-finding-new-talent-for-top-colleges/2018/03/27/4f5ec1a8-1b10-11e8-9de1-147dd2df3829_story.html|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
In 2016, the [[Museum of Science (Boston)|Museum of Science, Boston]] announced a $50 million gift from Bloomberg.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/arts/michael-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-museum-of-science-boston.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $50 Million to Museum of Science, Boston |last=Barone |first=Joshua |date=October 18, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=November 4, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref> The donation marks Bloomberg's fourth gift to the museum, which he credits with sparking his intellectual curiosity as a patron and student during his youth in [[Medford, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Penny |last=Schwartz |date=October 19, 2016 |url=https://forward.com/news/breaking-news/352254/michael-bloomberg-donates-50m-to-boston-museum-of-science/ |title=Michael Bloomberg Donates $50M to Boston Museum of Science |newspaper=The Forward |access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref> The endowment supported the museum's education division, named the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Science Education Center in honor of Bloomberg's parents. It is the largest donation in the museum's 186-year history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/10/17/museum-science-changed-michael-bloomberg-life-gives-back-with-million-gift/SFj5KnsTQfma3v0VWcLIqO/story.html |date=October 18, 2016 |first=Shirley |last=Leung |title=Museum of Science changed Michael Bloomberg's life. He gives back with a $50 million gift |newspaper=BostonGlobe.com |access-date=October 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mos.org/Bloomberg|title=Thank you, Michael Bloomberg|publisher=Museum of Science, Boston}}</ref>
In 2015, Bloomberg donated $100 million to Cornell Tech, the applied sciences graduate school of [[Cornell University]], to construct the first academic building, "The Bloomberg Center", on the school's Roosevelt Island campus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/nyregion/bloomberg-philanthropies-gives-100-million-to-cornell-tech.html|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Gives $100 Million to Cornell Tech|date=June 16, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Harris|first1=Elizabeth A.|url-access=limited}}</ref>
In 1996, Bloomberg endowed the William Henry Bloomberg Professorship at [[Harvard University]] with a $3 million gift in honor of his father, who died in 1963, saying, "throughout his life, he recognized the importance of reaching out to the nonprofit sector to help better the welfare of the entire community."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1996/09.19/BloombergEndows.html |url-status=dead |title=Bloomberg Endows Professorship for Five Faculties |work=The Harvard University Gazette |date=September 19, 1996 |access-date=August 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526152422/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1996/09.19/BloombergEndows.html |archive-date=May 26, 2013 }}</ref>
=== Urban innovation philanthropy ===
In July 2011, Bloomberg launched a $24 million initiative to fund "Innovation Delivery Teams" in five cities. The teams are one of Bloomberg Philanthropies' key goals: advancing government innovation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2012/jan/06/mayors-team-to-funnel-funding |title=Mayor's Innovation Delivery Team to funnel grant for inner-city revival |work=The Commercial Appeal |location=Memphis, TN |date=January 6, 2012 }}</ref> In December 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies launched a partnership with online ticket search engine [[SeatGeek]] to connect artists with new audiences. Called the Discover New York Arts Project, the project includes organizations HERE, [[New York Theatre Workshop]], and the [[Kaufman Center]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thenextweb.com/insider/2011/12/08/seatgeek-and-bloomberg-to-support-30-treasured-arts-groups-in-nyc/ |title=SeatGeek and Bloomberg to support 30 treasured arts groups in NYC |work=The Next Web |date=December 8, 2011 |first=Harrison |last=Weber |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>
In 2013, Bloomberg announced the Mayors Challenge competition to drive innovation in American cities. The program was later expanded to competitions in Latin America and Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Paul|date=April 25, 2014|title=Private Citizen Bloomberg on Philanthropy|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/private-citizen-bloombergs-philosophy-on-philanthropy.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shueh|first=Jason|date=January 20, 2016|title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Launches $9 Million Mayors Challenge in Latin America, Caribbean|url=https://www.govtech.com/Bloomberg-Philanthropies-Launches-9Million-Mayors-Challenge-in-Latin-America-Caribbean.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=www.govtech.com|language=en}}</ref>
In 2016, Bloomberg gave Harvard $32 million to create the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative within [[Harvard Kennedy School]]'s [[Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation]]; the initiative provides training to mayors and their aides on innovative municipal leadership and challenges facing cities.<ref>{{cite news|author=Nick Anderson|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/08/25/bloomberg-gives-harvard-32-million-to-teach-mayors-and-aides/|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=August 25, 2016|title=Bloomberg gives Harvard $32 million to teach mayors and aides}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative, Harvard University|title=About the Initiative: Harvard + Bloomberg + 240 Cities|url=https://www.cityleadership.harvard.edu/about}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.hbs.edu/news/releases/Pages/bloomberg-harvard-city-leadership-initiative.aspx |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies and Harvard University Launch Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative |website=[[Harvard Business School]] |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2016/0825/32-million-Bloomberg-Harvard-mayor-school-supports-leaders-changing-role |title=$32 million Bloomberg-Harvard 'mayor school' supports leaders' changing role |last=Beck |first=Christina |date=August 25, 2016 |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |issn=0882-7729 |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref>
In March 2021, Bloomberg gave Harvard $150 million to create the ''Bloomberg Center for Cities to support mayors''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies & Harvard create new Bloomberg Center for Cities |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/03/bloomberg-philanthropies-harvard-create-new-bloomberg-center-for-cities/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=[[The Harvard Gazette]] |date=2 March 2021}}</ref>
=== Tobacco, guns and public health ===
[[File:Michael Bloomberg (48603887536).jpg|thumb|Bloomberg speaking at an Everytown for Gun Safety event in August 2019]]
Bloomberg has been a longtime donor to global [[tobacco control]] efforts.<ref name=Begley>{{cite news |first=Sharon|last=Begley |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/22/us-tobacco-bloomberg-idUSBRE82L08E20120322 |title=Bloomberg charity adds $220 million to anti-smoking effort|work=Reuters |date=March 22, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=ChaTobacco>{{cite web |author=Ariana Eunjung Cha |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/12/05/michael-bloomberg-may-be-big-tobaccos-biggest-enemy/ |title=Michael Bloomberg may be Big Tobacco's biggest enemy |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 5, 2016 |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg has donated close to $1 billion to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) to promote anti-smoking efforts, including $125 million in 2006, $250 million in 2008, and $360 million, making Bloomberg Philanthropies the [[developing world]]'s biggest funder of tobacco-control initiatives.<ref name=ChaTobacco /> In 2013, it was reported that Bloomberg had donated $109.24 million in 556 grants and 61 countries to campaigns against tobacco.<ref name="FMB">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg|title=Michael Bloomberg|date=September 2016|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=February 5, 2016}}</ref> Bloomberg's contributions are aimed at "getting countries to monitor tobacco use, introduce strong tobacco-control laws, and create mass media campaigns to educate the public about the [[Health effects of tobacco|dangers of tobacco use]]."<ref name=ChaTobacco />
Bloomberg is the co-founder of [[Everytown for Gun Safety]] (formerly Mayors Against Illegal Guns), a [[gun control]] advocacy group.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Scherer|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-bloombergs-gun-safety-group-announces-60-million-spending-plan-for-2020-elections/2020/01/27/fcedb218-412c-11ea-aa6a-083d01b3ed18_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 27, 2020|title=Gun-control group co-founded by Bloomberg announces $60 million spending plan for 2020 elections}}</ref>
In August 2016, the [[World Health Organization]] appointed Bloomberg as its Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases.<ref>{{cite press release |date=August 17, 2016 |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/17-08-2016-michael-r-bloomberg-becomes-who-global-ambassador-for-noncommunicable-diseases |first=Christian |last=Lindmeier |title=Michael R. Bloomberg Becomes WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases |website=World Health Organization |language=en-GB |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> In this role, Bloomberg will mobilize private sector and political leaders to help the WHO reduce deaths from preventable diseases, traffic accidents, tobacco, obesity, and alcohol. WHO Director-General [[Margaret Chan]] cited Bloomberg's ongoing support for WHO anti-smoking, drowning prevention, and road safety programs in her announcement of his new role.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Joins-UN/237496 |title=Michael Bloomberg Joins U.N. Agency as Health Ambassador |date=August 18, 2016|work=Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-who-bloomberg-idUSKCN10S22T |title=WHO appoints former NY mayor Bloomberg as global health ambassador |access-date=February 20, 2020 |first=Kate |last=Kelland |date=August 17, 2016 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref>
=== Link to Jeffrey Epstein ===
<nowiki>[[Jeffrey Epstein]]</nowiki> was a long-time supporter of Bloomberg and the 2 even collaborated to fund charter schools in [[New York]]. [https://www.truthorfiction.com/michael-bloomberg-jeffrey-epstein-collab-charter-school/][https://archive.fo/JomFn] In July 2019 when Epstein [[New York]] townhouse was searched by the FBI they found a book called the black book. Numerous prominent people’s contact information appears in the book including Michael Bloomberg.[https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/02/27/trump-bloomberg-epstein-black-book/] A photo also surfaced of Bloomberg and <nowiki>[[Ghislaine Maxwell]]</nowiki> a close friend and associate of Epstein’s. [https://pagesix.com/2020/07/02/pre-arrest-ghislaine-maxwell-with-her-famous-friends/]
=== Other philanthropy ===
Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg supported the Fresh Air Fund's creation of 'Open Spaces in the City' in summer 2020 to provide socially-distant areas for kids to play during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as jobs for local teens.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A $1.2 million grant helped turn outdoor areas in NYC into play spaces for kids|url=https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/news/a-1-2-million-grant-helped-turn-outdoor-areas-in-nyc-into-play-spaces-for-kids-072820|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=Time Out New York Kids|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Summer Spaces to Provide Free and Safe Outdoor Programming to NYC Kids|url=https://www.nymetroparents.com/article/summer-spaces-program-to-provide-outdoor-play-spaces-and-employment|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=www.nymetroparents.com|language=en}}</ref>
The public library in Bloomberg's hometown of Medford announced in August 2020 that Bloomberg had donated $3 million to the construction of a new facility, citing his family's long-standing ties to the library.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael Bloomberg donates $3M toward new library in his Mass. hometown |url=https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2020/08/18/michael-bloomberg-medford-library|access-date=August 24, 2020|website=www.boston.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2017, Bloomberg donated $75 million for [[The Shed (arts center)|The Shed]], a new arts and [[cultural center]] in [[Hudson Yards (development)|Hudson Yards]], Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 25, 2017 |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20170525/ARTS/170529914/bloomberg-era-officials-reunite-at-hudson-yards-the-shed-tour |title=The Shed at Hudson Yards event is like a Bloomberg-era reunion |last=Kim |first=Jeanhee |work=Crain's New York Business |access-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/article/michael-r-bloomberg-donates-75-million-to-new-nyc-arts-center-the-shed |title=Michael R. Bloomberg Donates $75 Million to New NYC Arts Center, The Shed |website=Playbill |language=en |access-date=August 9, 2017 |date=May 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/arts/design/michael-bloomberg-gives-75-million-to-shed-arts-center.html |title=Michael Bloomberg Gives $75 Million to Shed Arts Center |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=May 24, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 9, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg also endowed his hometown synagogue, Temple Shalom, which was renamed for his parents as the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Jewish Community Center of Medford.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19635589 |title=Bloomberg — America's first Jewish president?|via=NBC News |date=July 6, 2007 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>
Bloomberg hosted the [[Bloomberg Global Business Forum|Global Business Forum]] in September 2017, during the annual meeting of the [[United Nations General Assembly]]; the gathering featured international CEOs, heads of state, and other prominent speakers.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/nyregion/bill-hillary-clinton-global-initiative-mike-bloomberg.html |title=As the Clintons Step Back From Global Stage, Bloomberg Steps Up |last=Goldmacher |first=Shane |date=September 19, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bensmith/president-mike |date=September 19, 2017 |first=Ben |last=Smith |title=The US Government-In-Exile Has A New President |work=BuzzFeed |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestreet.com/story/14312612/1/bloomberg-claps-back-at-trump-at-inaugural-business-forum.html |title=Bloomberg Claps Back at Trump at Inaugural Business Forum |last=Stewart |first=Emily |date=September 20, 2017 |work=TheStreet |access-date=October 18, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2009 Bloomberg met with other billionaires such as Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Ted Turner and Oprah Winfrey to address issues ranging from the [[Climate change mitigation|environment]], [[Global Healthcare|health care]] and concerns over [[Overpopulation Debate|population growth]]. Although no formal organization was established, the effort was understood to be designed to help bring various philanthropic projects of the mega-donors into a more unified effort to address various problems on our planet.<ref>https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/billionaire-club-in-bid-to-curb-overpopulation-d2fl22qhl02</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/31/new-york-billionaire-philanthropists</ref>
== Electoral history ==
{{Main|Electoral history of Michael Bloomberg}}
== Personal life ==
=== Family and relationships ===
In 1975, Bloomberg married Susan Elizabeth Barbara Brown, a British national from [[Yorkshire]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://18doors.org/interfaith_celebrities_a_former_geek_the_equestrian_author_and_an_aboriginal_jewish_doctor/ |work=Interfaith Family |title=Interfaith Celebrities: a Former Geek, the Equestrian Author, and an Aboriginal Jewish Doctor |first=Nate |last=Bloom |date=July 5, 2011 }}</ref> They have two daughters: Emma (born c. 1979) and [[Georgina Bloomberg|Georgina]] (born 1983), who were featured on ''[[Born Rich (2003 film)|Born Rich]]'', a 2003 documentary film about the children of the extremely wealthy. Bloomberg divorced Brown in 1993, but he has said she remains his "best friend."<ref name=FMB /> Since 2000, Bloomberg has lived with former [[New York State Banking Department|New York state banking superintendent]] [[Diana Taylor (superintendent)|Diana Taylor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Mayor by Her Side, but Politics Woos Her, Too |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/04/nyregion/04diana.html |date=June 3, 2010 |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 1, 2011 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bloomberg's girlfriend Diana Taylor says no need for police escort |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/12/01/2007-12-01_mayor_bloombergs_girlfriend_diana_taylor-1.html |date=December 1, 2007 |first=Heidi |last=Evans |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 1, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/nyregion/12diana.html |title=The Mayor's Lady, Her Own Woman, One and the Same |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Diane |last=Cardwell |date=February 12, 2006 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Katie|title=Inside the relationship of Mike Bloomberg and his longtime partner, Diana Taylor, who met at a business lunch 20 years ago and live in a 5-story Manhattan townhouse|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/democratic-presidential-candidate-mayor-michael-bloomberg-diana-taylor-relationship-photos|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Business Insider}}</ref>
Bloomberg's younger sister, Marjorie Tiven, has been Commissioner of the New York City Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol, since February 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/key_personnel/bio_tiven.shtml |title=Commissioner Marjorie B. Tiven, Office of the Mayor, Commission for the United Nations Consular Corps & Protocol |publisher=Nyc.gov |date=February 16, 2011 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126123853/https://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/key_personnel/bio_tiven.shtml |archive-date=November 26, 2013}}</ref>
=== Religion ===
Although he attended [[Hebrew school]], had a [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|bar mitzvah]], and his family kept a [[kosher]] kitchen, Bloomberg today is relatively secular, attending synagogue mainly during the [[High Holidays]] and a [[Passover Seder]] with his sister, Marjorie Tiven.<ref name=JTAJewishness>{{cite news |title='Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness |url=https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness |date=August 31, 2010 |first=Ami |last=Eden |work=[[Jewish Telegraph Agency]] |quote=The mayor had a bar mitzvah, a Jewish rite of passage, but neither of his two daughters had bat mitzvahs. The mayor's ex-wife, Susan Bloomberg, whose mother was Jewish, "kind of raised us to be Church of England", though the family celebrated the major Jewish holidays, the mayor's youngest daughter, Georgina, said in a 2009 biography of her father. The mayor's longtime companion, Diana Taylor, is not Jewish. |access-date=August 19, 2017}}</ref> Neither of his daughters had bat mitzvahs.<ref name=JTAJewishness />
=== Public image and lifestyle ===
Throughout his business career, Bloomberg has made numerous statements which have been considered by some to be insulting, derogatory, sexist or misogynistic. When working on Wall Street in the 1960s and 1970s, Bloomberg claimed in his 1997 autobiography, he had "a girlfriend in every city".<ref name=bi>{{cite news |last=Relman |first=Eliza |date=November 14, 2019 |title=Michael Bloomberg's past comments about women and rape will likely haunt him on the 2020 campaign trail |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloombergs-comments-about-women-and-rape-will-haunt-him-2019-11 |work= Business Insider |access-date=November 14, 2019 }}</ref><ref>In a 1996 interview with ''[[The Guardian]]'' about being a newly-divorced bachelor, Bloomberg said, "I like theater, dining and chasing women. Let me put it this way: I am a single, straight billionaire in Manhattan. What do you think? It's a wet dream."{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/michael-bloomberg-women/ |title=Mike Bloomberg for years has battled women's allegations of profane, sexist comments |author=Kranish, Michael |work=The Washington Post |date=February 15, 2020 |access-date=February 17, 2020}}</ref> On various occasions, Bloomberg allegedly commented "I'd do her", regarding certain women, some of whom were coworkers or employees. Bloomberg later said that by "do", he meant that he would have a personal relationship with the woman.<ref name="atlantic" /> Bloomberg's staff told the New York Times that he now regrets having made "disrespectful" remarks concerning women.<ref name=atlantic />
During his term as mayor, he lived at his own home on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[Manhattan]] instead of [[Gracie Mansion]], the official mayoral residence.<ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Smith |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/14573/ |title=The Mayor and His Money |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=September 26, 2005 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref> In 2013, he owned 13 properties in various countries around the world, including a $20 million [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] mansion in [[Southampton, New York]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2013/05/bloomberg-grows-his-hamptons-estate-reveals-overseas-bank-accounts-000000 |title=Bloomberg grows his Hamptons estate, reveals overseas bank accounts |work=[[Politico]] |last=Rubinstein |first=Dana |date=May 23, 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bloombers-hamptons-manse_n_904363 |title=Bloomberg Buys Southampton 'Ballyshear Estate' For $20 Million |work=The Huffington Post |date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=July 29, 2015 }}</ref> In 2015, he acquired [[4 Cheyne Walk]], a historical property in [[Cheyne Walk]], [[Chelsea, London]], which once belonged to writer [[George Eliot]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/28/michael-bloomberg-buys-16m-house-in-exclusive-london-street |title=Michael Bloomberg buys £16m house in exclusive London street |work=The Guardian |date=July 28, 2015 |access-date=July 29, 2015 }}</ref> Bloomberg and his daughters own houses in [[Bermuda]] and stay there frequently.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/nyregion/26bermuda.html |title=New York's Mayor, but Bermuda Shares Custody |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |date=April 25, 2010 |access-date=January 20, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/04/26/nyregion/20100426BERMUDA_index.html |title=Bloomberg's Bermuda |date=August 22, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 20, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Bloomberg stated that during his mayoralty, he rode the [[New York City Subway]] on a daily basis, particularly in the commute from his 79th Street home to his office at [[New York City Hall|City Hall]]. An August 2007 story in ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that he was often seen chauffeured by two [[New York Police Department]]-owned SUVs to an express train station to avoid having to change from the local to the express trains on the [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/01/nyregion/01bloomberg.html|title=Mayor Takes the Subway — by Way of S.U.V.|date=August 1, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|url-access=limited}}</ref> He supported the construction of the [[7 Subway Extension]] and the [[Second Avenue Subway]]; in December 2013, Bloomberg took a ceremonial ride on a train to the new [[34th Street (IRT Flushing Line)|34th Street]] station to celebrate a part of his legacy as mayor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three cheers for the No. 7 extension |url=https://nypost.com/2013/12/20/mayor-mikes-hudson-yards-feat |date=December 20, 2013 |work=New York Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/bloomberg-sneak-ride-7-line-extension-article-1.1554643 |title=Mayor Bloomberg gets ride on No. 7 subway line extension he championed |work=Daily News |location=New York |date=October 21, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
During his tenure as mayor, Bloomberg made cameos playing himself in the films ''[[The Adjustment Bureau]]'' and ''[[New Year's Eve (2011 film)|New Year's Eve]]'', as well as in episodes of ''[[30 Rock]]'', ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'', ''[[The Good Wife]]'', and two episodes of ''[[Law & Order]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0089255/ |title=Michael Bloomberg |work=IMDb |access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg is a private pilot.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/nyregion/10collide.html |title=Airspace Above Hudson a Highway With Few Signs |date=August 10, 2009 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> He owns six airplanes: three [[Dassault Falcon 900]]s, a [[Beechcraft Super King Air#Super King Air 300/350|Beechcraft B300]], a [[Pilatus PC-24]], and a [[Cessna 182 Skylane]]. Bloomberg also owns two helicopters: an [[AgustaWestland AW109|AW109]] and an [[Airbus Helicopters|Airbus helicopter]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook-pm/2020/02/19/exodus-at-the-pentagon-488363|website=politico.com|title=Politico Playbook PM: Exodus at the Pentagon|first1=Jake|last1=Sherman|first2=Anna|last2=Palmer|first3=Garrett|last3=Ross|first4=Eli|last4=Okun|date=February 19, 2020|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref> and as of 2012 was near the top of the waiting list for an [[AgustaWestland AW609|AW609]] tiltrotor aircraft.<ref name=nyt609>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/nyregion/in-mayor-bloombergs-jet-setting-heart-a-love-for-helicopters.html |first=Christine |last=Haughney |title=In His Helicopter, Bloomberg Can Rule Skies, and Even Get to Albany |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 12, 2012 |access-date=April 17, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref> In his youth he was a licensed [[amateur radio operator]], was proficient in [[Morse code]], and built [[ham radio]]s.<ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Bloomberg |url=http://sciencefriday.com/segment/04/06/2012/new-york-city-s-mayor-is-a-geek-at-heart.html |title=New York City's Mayor is a Geek at Heart |publisher=Sciencefriday.com |date=April 6, 2012 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425231740/https://sciencefriday.com/segment/04/06/2012/new-york-city-s-mayor-is-a-geek-at-heart.html |archive-date=April 25, 2014}}</ref>
== Awards and honors ==
Bloomberg has received [[honorary degree]]s from [[Tufts University]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2007&p4=4 |title=Commencement Address: New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513024110/https://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2007&p4=4 |archive-date=May 13, 2012 |publisher=Tufts University |date=May 20, 2007 }}</ref> [[Bard College]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bard.edu/commencement/2007/bloomberg_speech.shtml |title=Bard Commencement Address |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027080508/http://www.bard.edu/commencement/2007/bloomberg_speech.shtml |archive-date=October 27, 2012 |publisher=Bard College|date=May 26, 2007 }}</ref> [[Rockefeller University]] (2007),<ref>{{cite web|author=Talley Henning Brown|url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/news/516-bloomberg-wilson-receive-honorary-degrees/|title=Bloomberg, Wilson receive honorary degrees|date=July 13, 2007|publisher=Rockefeller University}}</ref> the [[University of Pennsylvania]] (2008),<ref>{{cite web |first=Kathy |last=Wang |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2008/02/bloomberg_to_address_graduates |title=Bloomberg to address graduates |work=The Daily Pennsylvanian |date=February 19, 2008 }}</ref> [[Fordham University]] (2009),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fordham.edu/info/26213/past_honorary_degree_recipients |title=Past Honorary Degree Recipients |publisher=Fordham University |access-date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1557.asp |title=Mayor Michael Bloomberg's Commencement Remarks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002543/http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1557.asp |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |publisher=Fordham University|date=May 16, 2009 }}</ref> [[Williams College]] (2014),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commencement.williams.edu/michael-r-bloomberg-commencement-speaker/ |title=Michael R. Bloomberg, Commencement Speaker |website=williams.edu |date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://communications.williams.edu/news-releases/3_19_2014_honorarydegree/ |date=March 19, 2014 |first=Noelle |last=Lemoine |title=Williams College Announces its 2014 Honorary Degree Recipients |website=Williams College}}</ref> [[Harvard University]] (2014),<ref>{{cite web |last=Reuell |first=Peter |title=Eight to receive honorary degrees |website=Harvard Gazette |date=October 18, 2010 |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/05/eight-to-receive-honorary-degrees/ |access-date=September 17, 2015}}</ref> the [[University of Michigan]] (2016),<ref>{{cite web|author=James Iseler|url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/commencement-speaker-bloomberg-calls-out-intolerance-demagoguery/|title=Commencement speaker Bloomberg calls out intolerance, demagoguery|work=The University Record|publisher=University of Michigan|date=April 30, 2016}}</ref> [[Villanova University]] (2017) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2017/0426.html|title=Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder of Bloomberg L.P., Philanthropist and Three-Term Mayor of New York City, to Deliver Villanova University's 2017 Commencement Address | Villanova University|website=www1.villanova.edu}}</ref> and [[Washington University in St. Louis]] (2019).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://source.wustl.edu/2019/05/seven-to-receive-honorary-degrees-at-washington-universitys-158th-commencement/ |title=Seven to receive honorary degrees at Washington University's 158th Commencement|publisher=Washington University in St. Louis |date=May 3, 2019 |website=The Source |language=en-US |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> Bloomberg was the speaker for [[Princeton University]]'s 2011 [[baccalaureate service]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Ian |last=Cahir |url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2011/05/29/bloomberg-urges-seniors-follow-path-service |title=Bloomberg urges seniors to follow a path of service |website=princeton.edu |date=May 29, 2011 |access-date=February 18, 2020 }}</ref>
On May 27, 2010, Bloomberg delivered the commencement speech at his alma mater, [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/231-10/mayor-michael-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-the-johns-hopkins-university-2010-commencement |title=Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg Delivers Remarks At The Johns Hopkins University 2010 Commencement Ceremony |website=The Official Website of the City of New York |date=May 27, 2010 |author=Michael Bloomberg |access-date= June 25, 2020}}</ref> In addition, he was invited to and delivered guest remarks for the Johns Hopkins Class of 2020. Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and Commencement speaker [[Alexis Ohanian]]; [[Anthony Fauci]], director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force; and senior class president Pavan Patel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/05/21/commencement-2020-main/
|title= Senior class president Pavan Patel said the Class of 2020 is "ready to make its mark" |website=Johns Hopkins University |date=May 21, 2020 |author=Hub staff report |access-date= June 25, 2020}}</ref>
Bloomberg has received the [[Yale School of Management]]'s Award for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets (2003);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mba.yale.edu/news_events/CMS/Articles/1350.shtml |title=Yale School of Management Honors Michael R. Bloomberg for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets |publisher=Yale University |date=February 10, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514140252/http://mba.yale.edu/news_events/CMS/Articles/1350.shtml |archive-date=May 14, 2013 }}</ref> Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] presented by [[Ehud Barak]] (2004);<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2004 Summit Highlights Photo: Former Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak presents the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award to Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder and CEO of Bloomberg L.P. during a ceremony held at Chicago's Field Museum.|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/summit/2004/}}</ref> [[Barnard College]]'s Barnard Medal of Distinction (2008);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://barnard.edu/commencement/archives/past-speakers-medalists|title=Past Speakers and Medalists|publisher=Barnard College|access-date=April 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418211241/http://www.barnard.edu/commencement/archives/past-speakers-medalists |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Robert Wood Johnson Foundation]] [[Leadership for Healthy Communities]]' Healthy Communities Leadership Award (2009);<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1680207/top_policy_groups_take_action_to_create_healthy_communities_prevent |title=Top Policy Groups Take Action to Create Healthy Communities, Prevent Childhood Obesity |url-status=dead |website=redorbit.com |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525041044/http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1680207/top_policy_groups_take_action_to_create_healthy_communities_prevent/ |archive-date=May 25, 2013 }}</ref> and the [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service|Jefferson Awards Foundation]]'s U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official (2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.multiplyinggood.org/what-we-do/jefferson-awards/past-award-recipients |title=Past Award Recipients: Our National Winners |website=JeffersonAwards.org |access-date=February 19, 2020 }}</ref> He was the inaugural laureate of the annual [[Genesis Prize]] for Jewish values in 2013,<ref>{{cite news |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |title=Bloomberg Is First to Receive a $1 Million Jewish Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/21/nyregion/bloomberg-is-first-to-receive-a-1-million-jewish-award.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 20, 2013 |url-access=limited}}</ref> and donated the $1 million prize money to a global competition, the Genesis Generation Challenge, to identify young adults' big ideas to better the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg to give away $1m. Genesis Prize to fund big ideas based on Jewish values |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bloomberg-to-give-away-1m-genesis-prize-to-fund-big-ideas-based-on-jewish-values |first=Gabriel |last=Cohen |agency=JTA |work=The Times of Israel |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=February 20, 2020 }}</ref>
Bloomberg was named the 39th most influential person in the world in the 2007 and 2008 [[Time 100]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert F., Jr. |last=Kennedy |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735904,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822203709/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735904,00.html |title=The 2008 TIME 100 |work=Time |date=April 30, 2009 |archive-date=August 22, 2013 }}</ref> In 2010, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' ranked him #7 in its "Vanity Fair 100" list of influential figures.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alan |last1=Deutschman |first2=Peter |last2=Newcomb |first3=Richard |last3=Siklos |first4=Duff |last4=McDonald |first5=Jessica |last5=Flint |first6=Adrienne |last6=Gaffney |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2010/10/the-vf-100-201010 |title=The Vanity Fair 100 |work=vanityfair.com |date=September 1, 2010 }}</ref>
In 2014, Queen [[Elizabeth II]] appointed Bloomberg an [[Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] for his "prodigious entrepreneurial and philanthropic endeavors, and the many ways in which they have benefited the United Kingdom and the U.K.-U.S. special relationship."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |title=Bloomberg Is Honored (But Don't Call Him Sir) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/nyregion/bloomberg-named-an-honorary-knight.html |access-date=October 7, 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |issue=56,647 |date=October 7, 2014 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
== Books and other works ==
Bloomberg, with [[Matthew Winkler (journalist)|Matthew Winkler]], wrote an autobiography, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'', published in 1997 by [[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]].<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'' (Wiley, 1997).</ref> A second edition was released in 2019, ahead of Bloomberg's presidential run.<ref>Ben Fountain, [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/05/23/howard-schultz-michael-bloomberg-billionaires/ Book Review: O Billionaires!], ''New Yorker'' (May 23, 2019).</ref><ref>Aaron Timms, [https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1cymwd84kwwlg/Michael-Bloomberg-Earned-48-Billion-and-Eternal-Adoration-From-Wall-Street-But-Does-Anyone-Else-Want-Him-to-Be-President Michael Bloomberg Earned $48 Billion and Eternal Adoration From Wall Street. But Does Anyone Else Want Him to Be President?], ''Institutional Investor'' (February 1, 2019).</ref> Bloomberg and former Sierra Club Executive Director [[Carl Pope (environmentalist)|Carl Pope]] co-authored ''[[Climate of Hope]]: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens Can Save the Planet'' (2017), published by [[St. Martin's Press]]; the book appeared on the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' hardcover nonfiction best-seller list]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/12/exclusive-look-at-michael-bloomberg-and-carl-popes-new-book.html |title=An Exclusive Look at Michael Bloomberg and Carl Pope's Book on Climate Change |date=December 21, 2016 |newspaper=Daily Intelligencer |access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2017/05/14/hardcover-nonfiction/ |title=Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers |date=May 14, 2017 |access-date=August 9, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Bloomberg has written a number of [[op-ed]]s in the ''New York Times'' about various issues, including an op-ed supporting state and local efforts to fight [[climate change]] (2017),<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/opinion/climate-progress-with-or-without-trump.html Climate Progress, With or Without Trump], ''New York Times'' (March 31, 2017).</ref> an op-ed about his donation of $1.8 billion in financial aid for college students and support for [[need-blind admission]] policies (2018);<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/opinion/bloomberg-college-donation-financial-aid.html Michael Bloomberg: Why I’m Giving $1.8 Billion for College Financial Aid], ''New York Times'' (November 18, 2018).</ref> an op-ed supporting a ban on flavored [[e-cigarette]]s (2019);<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg & Matt Myers, [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/10/opinion/vape-deaths-children-bloomberg.html Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes to Protect Our Children], ''New York Times'' (September 10, 2019).</ref> and an op-ed supporting policies to reduce [[economic inequality]] (2020).<ref>Michael R. Bloomberg, [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/opinion/mike-bloomberg-tax-2020.html Fixing Inequality Is My Priority], ''New York Times'' (February 6, 2020).</ref>
== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|New York City|Politics}}
* [[List of Harvard University people]]
* [[List of Johns Hopkins University people]]
* [[List of people from Boston]]
* [[List of philanthropists]]
* [[List of richest American politicians]]
* [[Timeline of New York City#21st century|Timeline of New York City]], 2000s–2010s
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |jstor=j.ctt46njt6 |last=Brash |first=Julian |title=Bloomberg's New York: Class and Governance in the Luxury City |publisher=[[University of Georgia Press]] |year=2010 }} Uses anthropology and geography to examine the mayor's corporate-style governance, with particular attention to the Hudson Yards plan, which aims to transform the far West Side into a high-end district.
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/08873631.2012.687535 |title=The ghost in the machine: The neoliberal urban visions of Michael Bloomberg |journal=Journal of Cultural Geography |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=135–153 |year=2012 |last1=Brash |first1=Julian |s2cid=144586994 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XJfWY9pmfJkC |title = Modern New York: The Life and Economics of a City|isbn = 978-1-137-00040-8|last1 = David|first1 = Greg|date = April 10, 2012}}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s12115-014-9772-3 |title=Nanny Bloomberg |journal=Society |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=253–257 |year=2014 |last1=Klein |first1=Richard |s2cid=189869991 }}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|commonscat=yes|s=no|wikt=no|v=no|b=no}}
* [http://www.mikebloomberg.com/ Mike Bloomberg] official website
* [https://www.bloomberg.org/about/mike-bloomberg/ Mike Blomberg biography] at [[Bloomberg Philanthropies]]
* [http://www.ontheissues.org/Mike_Bloomberg.htm Issue positions and quotes] at [[On the Issues]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131123133633/http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/index.page Office of the Mayor of New York City] (Archived November 23, 2013)
* {{C-SPAN|michaelbloomberg}}
* {{Guardian topic}}
* {{NYTtopic|people/b/michael_r_bloomberg}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Executive Officer]] of [[Bloomberg L.P.]]|years=1981–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=Lex Fenwick}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Daniel L. Doctoroff]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Executive Officer]] of [[Bloomberg L.P.]]|years=2014–present}}
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{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rudy Giuliani]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[Mayor of New York City]]|years=[[New York City mayoral election, 2001|2001]], [[New York City mayoral election, 2005|2005]], [[New York City mayoral election, 2009|2009]] {{small|(Endorsed)}}}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Joe Lhota]]}}
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{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rudy Giuliani]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Mayor of New York City]]|years=2002–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Bill de Blasio]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{2020 United States presidential election}}
{{Mayors of New York City}}
{{Republican NYC mayoral nominees}}
{{Bloomberg|state=collapsed}}
{{Wealthiest people in the United States}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bloomberg, Michael}}
[[Category:Michael Bloomberg| ]]
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[[Category:Jewish American candidates for President of the United States]]
[[Category:Anti-smoking activists]]' |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?sh=5f3027451417',
1 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/01/nyregion/political-memo-bloomberg-the-technocrat-seeks-his-inner-la-guardia.html',
2 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/bloomberg-apologizes-stop-frisk-police-practice-n1084756',
3 => 'https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00728154/1391483/',
4 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/26/nyregion/bloomberg-a-man-of-contradictions-but-with-a-single-focus.html',
5 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331',
6 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/nyregion/charlotte-r-bloomberg-mayors-mother-dies-at-102.html',
7 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=_LSMDwAAQBAJ&q=Michael%20Bloomberg%20was%20born%20at%20St.%20Elizabeth's%20Hospital%20in%20Boston,%20Massachusetts,%20on%20February%2014,%201942&pg=PA76',
8 => 'https://www.hbs.edu/about/campus-and-culture/campus-built-on-philanthropy/Pages/baker-library-bloomberg-center.aspx',
9 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/bloomberg-condemns-narrowing-views-on-college-campuses-1401402413',
10 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660',
11 => 'https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness',
12 => 'https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Bloomberg',
13 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/books/excerpt-mike-bloomberg.html',
14 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/charlotte-bloomberg-mayor-bloomberg-mother-dies-102-article-1.127366',
15 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/nyregion/bloombergs-hometown-medford-mass-struggles-to-keep-his-attention.html',
16 => 'https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/politics/national-politics/mike-bloomberg-campaigns-in-san-diego-for-first-time/509-a0d92320-0073-4115-a7ea-11b089039616',
17 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=yoJ5gIsDat0C',
18 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/03/10/the-bloomberg-threat',
19 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20011120203615/http://newyorker.com/FROM_THE_ARCHIVE/ARCHIVES/?011126fr_archive01',
20 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/03/05/nyregion/20120305medford.html',
21 => 'https://www.admitsee.com/blog/10-fun-facts-about-johns-hopkins-university',
22 => 'https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2001-11-10-0111100156-story.html',
23 => 'https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/retro-baltimore/bs-fe-retro-baltimore-trivia-michael-bloomberg-hopkins-major-20181119-story.html',
24 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120309014005/http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads/',
25 => 'http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/b-school-life/2011/04/15/life-after-b-school-5-very-different-hbs-grads',
26 => 'https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo/page/17',
27 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/successful-harvard-business-school-alumni-2015-7',
28 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=-5PxAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT151',
29 => 'https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/the-fate-of-bloombergs-memoir',
30 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bloomberg-news-reaches-into-british-media-for-a-new-top-editor/2014/12/09/c7080380-7fbf-11e4-81fd-8c4814dfa9d7_story.html',
31 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286',
32 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-biography-2012-7',
33 => 'https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bloomberg-bloomberg.html',
34 => 'https://archive.org/details/bloombergbybloom00bloo',
35 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/nyregion/19bankers.html',
36 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/education/edlife/mike-bloomberg-salomon-brothers.html',
37 => 'https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election/2019/12/11/21005008/michael-bloomberg-terminal-net-worth-2020',
38 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=DsJn4397J1cC&pg=PA26',
39 => 'https://www.fastcompany.com/3051883/the-bloomberg-terminal',
40 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=mTEOrAa2g5EC&q=Bloomberg%20News,%20Bloomberg%20Radio,%20Bloomberg%20Message,%20and%20Bloomberg%20Tradebook%20were%20launched&pg=PA33',
41 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/14/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-women.html',
42 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/michael-bloomberg-crass-sexual-jokes-demeaning-comments-women-stint-mayor-2020-3',
43 => 'https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/10/30/bloombergs-sexual-blind-spot/',
44 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/09/mike-bloomberg-comments-women-metoo/570448/',
45 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/booklet-mike-bloombergs-wit-wisdom-haunt-presidential-bid/story?id=67744181',
46 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221539/http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp',
47 => 'http://www.dowjones.com/djcom/leadership/LFenwick.asp',
48 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/dowjones-fenwick-correcte-idUSL1E8L706D20121009',
49 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29057587',
50 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/business/media/michael-bloomberg-to-return-as-chief-of-company-he-founded.html',
51 => 'https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/54/400list08_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html',
52 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/09/03/bloomberg-returns-bloomberg-lp/15047285/',
53 => 'https://www.forbes.com/2009/03/10/made-millions-worlds-richest-people-billionaires-2009-billionaires-gainer_slide_2.html',
54 => 'https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html',
55 => 'https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html',
56 => 'https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires#2edb600d1417',
57 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/nyregion/the-mayoral-transition-overview-bloomberg-takes-oath-as-108th-mayor-of-new-york.html',
58 => 'https://nypost.com/2009/11/04/bloomberg-elected-to-a-third-term/',
59 => 'https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn',
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61 => 'https://archive.org/details/mikebloomberg00purn/page/119',
62 => 'https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2020/03/03/mike-bloomberg-upsets-critics-wealth-seek-presidency/4753489002/',
63 => 'https://www.gothamgazette.com/index.php/education/3352-the-mayors-legacy-educational-improvements-and-poverty-reduction-or-bold-budgeting-and-economic-development',
64 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/nyregion/bloomberg-vows-to-work-at-center-of-things.html',
65 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2014/04/05/tax-smart-billionaires-who-work-for-1/',
66 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120506142304/http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/05/5832308/bloomberg-presents-balanced-budget-moving-parts',
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71 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/01/nyregion/blocks-capturing-the-spirit-of-1776-but-with-a-different-number.html',
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74 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150725035032/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170',
75 => 'https://www.nyclu.org/en/stop-and-frisk-data',
76 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/stop-and-frisk-landmark-ruling',
77 => '//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077',
78 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/new-york-stop-and-frisk-unconstitutional-judge',
79 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/02/nyregion/departing-judge-offers-blunt-defense-of-ruling-that-ended-stop-and-frisk.html',
80 => 'https://www.aclu.org/other/factsheet-nypd-muslim-surveillance-program',
81 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/21/justice/new-york-nypd-surveillance-no-leads/index.html',
82 => 'https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=1997',
83 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/nyregion/the-2001-elections-strategy-as-democrats-bicker-bloomberg-era-begins.html',
84 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060105025803/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html',
85 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/143966p-127415c.html',
86 => 'https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-30-na-bloomberg30-story.html',
87 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/nyregion/bloomberg-makes-city-s-bid-for-2004-gop-convention.html',
88 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20051126142753/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html',
89 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/363961p-309955c.html',
90 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20050105171254/http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html',
91 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/front/story/268291p-229740c.html',
92 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/nyregion/metrocampaigns/04ognibene.html',
93 => 'https://www.nysun.com/new-york/ognibene-will-fight-bloomberg-all-the-way/12873/',
94 => 'https://www.nysun.com/new-york/bloombergs-republican-problem/20193/',
95 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gop-mayors-reign-over-liberal-nyc/',
96 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110614213156/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece',
97 => 'http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article1081546.ece',
98 => 'https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11221628',
99 => 'https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/354-05/statement-mayor-bloomberg-supreme-court-chief-justice-nominee-john-roberts',
100 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20060104155720/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html',
101 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/story/353944p-301791c.html',
102 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN0228265920081002',
103 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/nyregion/ronald-lauder-leader-of-term-limit-band.html',
104 => 'https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/30/lauder-favors-a-third-term-for-bloomberg/',
105 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/news/term-limit-deal-ronald-lauder-agrees-stay-legal-battle-return-city-board-seat-article-1.299400',
106 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120106100625/http://mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight/',
107 => 'http://www.mas.org/citizens-unionnypirg-forum-on-term-limits-tonight',
108 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081025085132/http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html',
109 => 'http://wcbstv.com/breakingnewsalerts/bloomberg.third.term.2.847239.html',
110 => 'https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/03/bloomberg-hears-opponents-of-term-limits-bill',
111 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20121208140310/http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374',
112 => 'http://archive.sohojournal.com/?p=1374',
113 => 'http://www.comptroller.nyc.gov',
114 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20091107034641/http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html',
115 => 'http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html',
116 => 'https://www.silive.com/news/2010/07/final_total_of_mayor_bloomberg.html',
117 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100130014725/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html',
118 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/01/bloombergs-independence-payday.html',
119 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/nyregion/10independence.html',
120 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100215225017/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html',
121 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/vance-investigating-indybloomb.html',
122 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100217092127/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html',
123 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/02/independence-party-to-haggerty.html',
124 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100709162713/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php',
125 => 'http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/03/mike_bloomberg_3.php',
126 => 'http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/queens/mike_poll_watcher_also_rented_office_qVYB5U94wgeOcz0uJKNVrN',
127 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html',
128 => 'https://news.yahoo.com/michael-bloomberg-election-future-231927885.html',
129 => 'http://nymag.com/news/politics/bloomberg/in-conversation-2013-9/#',
130 => 'http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/13/michael-bloomberg-endorse-no-new-york-city-mayor-race_n_3920428.html',
131 => 'http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/09/opinion/louis-bloomberg-de-blasio',
132 => 'http://www.theatlanticwire.com/politics/2013/09/michael-bloomberg-calls-bill-de-blasios-campaign-racist/69157',
133 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-23/obama-endorses-fellow-democrat-de-blasio-for-new-york-city-mayor.html',
134 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/31/us/politics/31bloomberg.html',
135 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/29/AR2007122901476.html',
136 => 'http://www.nypost.com/seven/11062007/news/regionalnews/mikes_secret_bid_to_run_vs__spitzer_789523.htm',
137 => 'https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2007/06/mike-for-veep-001897',
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139 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/nyregion/bloomberg-endorses-obama-saying-hurricane-sandy-affected-decision.html',
140 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/nyregion/bloomberg-sensing-an-opening-revisits-a-potential-white-house-run.html',
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143 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-mulling-run-for-president-as-an-independent-1453568255',
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145 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/08/politics/michael-bloomberg-2016-election/',
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150 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-hillary-clinton-dnc.html',
151 => 'https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12268364/watch-dnc-democratic-convention-2016-live-stream-tv-channel-schedule-events',
152 => 'https://www.vox.com/2016/7/29/12324696/donald-trump-michael-bloomberg-dnc',
153 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/mike-bloomberg-democrats-election.html',
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155 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/10/politics/michael-bloomberg-registers-as-a-democrat/index.html',
156 => 'https://www.apnews.com/8a5d3aebc5bb4e4e97d301e119cd95a2',
157 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020-presidency.html',
158 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/23/michael-bloomberg-refuse-donations-presidential-bid',
159 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-drops-out.html',
160 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/21/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-nda.html',
161 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/21/politics/michael-bloomberg-nondisclosure-release/index.html',
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163 => 'https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/02/25/carville_on_debate_warren_gives_the_impression_that_shed_rather_beat_bloomberg_than_win_herself.html',
164 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-04/michael-bloomberg-quits-presidential-race',
165 => 'https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797048821/new-figures-show-billionaire-candidates-spending-big-with-little-return',
166 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/26/mike-bloomberg-stalls-in-presidential-polls-ahead-of-super-tuesday-vote.html',
167 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/15/mike-bloomberg-plots-spending-blitz-to-back-joe-biden-campaign.html',
168 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-bloomberg-2020-democratic-presidential-candidate-60-minutes-2020-03-01/',
169 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/mike-bloomberg-trashes-donald-trumps-business-record-fiery-dnc-speech-1526608',
170 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-08-21/michael-bloomberg-dnc-speech-why-i-m-voting-for-joe-biden',
171 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/08/20/us/dnc-convention-election',
172 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/8/18221878/michael-bloomberg-2020-president-campaign-democrat-policies',
173 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/10/10/17959224/michael-bloomberg-democrat-republican-2020-donald-trump',
174 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/26/bloomberg-republican-endorsement-2020-073807',
175 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-michael-bloomberg-bio-age-family-and-key-positions-2019-11',
176 => 'https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/348-07/mayor-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-2007-conservative-party-conference',
177 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/25/politics/bloomberg-smoking-calorie-counts-trans-fat/index.html',
178 => 'https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/blog/2013_11_19_bloomberg1',
179 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-mike-bloomberg-ecigs-cigarettes-vaping-20200115-5awd5ivmejg5tgbvpm4ujcpxnu-story.html',
180 => 'https://www.citylab.com/equity/2013/10/radical-case-bloombergs-nanny-state/7434/',
181 => 'https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/05/31/154063100/bloomberg-becomes-for-some-a-nanny-state-symbol-giving-obama-a-breather',
182 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/15/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-spending.html',
183 => 'http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/michael-bloomberg-talks-climate-change-article-1.2511688',
184 => 'https://www.city-journal.org/bloomberg-foreign-policy-presidential-run',
185 => 'https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/477144-bloomberg-on-backing-2003-invasion-of-iraq-i-dont-live-in-a-regret-world',
186 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newyork-surveillance/bloomberg-defends-city-surveillance-camera-plan-idUSN0243142020071002',
187 => 'https://observer.com/2013/04/bloomberg-says-post-boston-interpretation-of-the-constitution-will-have-to-change/',
188 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/02/16/should-mike-bloombergs-stop-and-frisk-record-disqualify-him/',
189 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/17/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-speech.html',
190 => 'https://www.democracynow.org/2020/2/12/michael_bloomberg_aspen_2015_unearthed_audio',
191 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-tax-plan.html',
192 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/01/billionaire-mike-bloomberg-calls-for-tax-on-incomes-over-5-million.html',
193 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/02/18/bloombergs-new-plan-crack-down-wall-street-includes-financial-transactions-tax/',
194 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Tops/248009',
195 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704017904575409713589040490',
196 => 'https://www.fastcompany.com/1769004/whats-next-michael-bloomberg',
197 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Conservative-Billionaire/235234',
198 => 'https://annualreport.bloomberg.org/',
199 => 'http://philanthropy.com/article/No-5-Michael-R-Bloomberg/130550',
200 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/19/nyregion/19bloomberg.html',
201 => 'https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/bloomberg-family-foundation-to-support-arts',
202 => 'https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-17/broad-commits-75-of-wealth-to-charity-takes-buffett-up-on-giving-pledge.html',
203 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/03/20/michael-bloomberg-jon-stryker-donate-to-75-million-covid-19-fund-for-new-york-city-nonprofits/',
204 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Gives-6/248563',
205 => 'https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/news/2020/05/13/hopkins-launches-free-course-on-conact-tracing.html',
206 => 'https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/bloomberg-philanthropies-state-of-maryland-fund-johns-hopkins-univ-covid-19-research',
207 => 'https://www.axios.com/michael-bloomberg-coronavirus-fb905125-e16b-42cd-a51b-a5ed9f3c9cea.html',
208 => 'https://www.fastcompany.com/90475264/bloomberg-gates-foundations-announce-initiatives-to-help-coronavirus-response',
209 => 'https://politi.co/2xjEOj8',
210 => 'https://www.axios.com/bloomberg-coronavirus-response-network-mayors-c4cbc603-81f5-4334-8c45-da4813fbb0c2.html',
211 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2020/04/19/one-world-together-at-home-concert-stars-support-covid-19-coronavirus-efforts/',
212 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/New-Grant-Commitments-for/248647',
213 => 'https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-40m-global-initiative-coronavirus-africa-local-leaders/574289/',
214 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mayor-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-fight-coal-fired-power-plants/2011/07/20/gIQAEKKURI_story.html',
215 => 'https://www.npr.org/2011/07/21/138568843/mayor-bloomberg-donates-50-million-to-sierra-club',
216 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/michael-bloomberg-environment-coal-sierra-club-116793',
217 => 'https://www.fastcompany.com/90502628/europe-is-getting-off-coal-even-faster-than-expected',
218 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/austrias-last-coal-fired-power-station-has-closed-down.html',
219 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-to-put-500m-into-closing-all-remaining-coal-plants-by-2030/',
220 => 'https://fortune.com/2019/06/07/michael-bloomberg-climate-change/',
221 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/nyregion/bloomberg-backs-gas-drilling-with-rules-to-protect-the-environment.html',
222 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/risky-business-report-aims-to-frame-climate-change-as-economic-issue-1403578637',
223 => 'http://www.ibtimes.com/states-get-48m-boost-bloomberg-charity-help-meet-obama-climate-change-agenda-1789946',
224 => 'http://www.c40.org/history',
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232 => 'https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Michael-Bloomberg_C610.html',
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241 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/denizcam/2017/07/12/michael-bloomberg-and-california-governor-jerry-brown-pledge-to-fight-climate-change/#6359665d8ab2',
242 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/03/20/michael-bloomberg-jon-stryker-donate-to-75-million-covid-19-fund-for-new-york-city-nonprofits/',
243 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/10/29/ray-dalio-and-michael-bloomberg-commit-185-million-to-protect-the-oceans/',
244 => 'https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2014/04/05/tax-smart-billionaires-who-work-for-1/',
245 => 'https://www.fordham.edu/info/26213/past_honorary_degree_recipients',
246 => 'https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500274366',
247 => 'https://www.gothamgazette.com/index.php/education/3352-the-mayors-legacy-educational-improvements-and-poverty-reduction-or-bold-budgeting-and-economic-development',
248 => 'https://www.govtech.com/Bloomberg-Philanthropies-Launches-9Million-Mayors-Challenge-in-Latin-America-Caribbean.html',
249 => 'https://www.hbs.edu/about/campus-and-culture/campus-built-on-philanthropy/Pages/baker-library-bloomberg-center.aspx',
250 => 'https://www.hbs.edu/news/releases/Pages/bloomberg-harvard-city-leadership-initiative.aspx',
251 => 'https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bloombers-hamptons-manse_n_904363',
252 => 'https://www.idref.fr/091954835',
253 => 'https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0089255/',
254 => 'https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/12/13/effort-launches-boost-low-income-enrollment-top-colleges',
255 => 'https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1cymwd84kwwlg/Michael-Bloomberg-Earned-48-Billion-and-Eternal-Adoration-From-Wall-Street-But-Does-Anyone-Else-Want-Him-to-Be-President',
256 => 'https://www.jta.org/2010/08/31/culture/focus-on-bloombergs-jewishness',
257 => 'https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-30-na-bloomberg30-story.html',
258 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-04/michael-bloomberg-quits-presidential-race',
259 => 'https://www.mos.org/Bloomberg',
260 => 'https://www.multiplyinggood.org/what-we-do/jefferson-awards/past-award-recipients',
261 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/bloomberg-apologizes-stop-frisk-police-practice-n1084756',
262 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/mike-bloomberg-trashes-donald-trumps-business-record-fiery-dnc-speech-1526608',
263 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/03/10/the-bloomberg-threat',
264 => 'https://www.npr.org/2011/07/21/138568843/mayor-bloomberg-donates-50-million-to-sierra-club',
265 => 'https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797048821/new-figures-show-billionaire-candidates-spending-big-with-little-return',
266 => 'https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/05/31/154063100/bloomberg-becomes-for-some-a-nanny-state-symbol-giving-obama-a-breather',
267 => 'https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531238185/bloomberg-promises-15-million-to-help-make-up-for-u-s-withdrawal-from-climate-de',
268 => 'https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11221628',
269 => 'https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/05/23/howard-schultz-michael-bloomberg-billionaires/',
270 => 'https://www.nyclu.org/en/stop-and-frisk-data',
271 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/charlotte-bloomberg-mayor-bloomberg-mother-dies-102-article-1.127366',
272 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-mike-bloomberg-ecigs-cigarettes-vaping-20200115-5awd5ivmejg5tgbvpm4ujcpxnu-story.html',
273 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/news/term-limit-deal-ronald-lauder-agrees-stay-legal-battle-return-city-board-seat-article-1.299400',
274 => 'https://www.nymetroparents.com/article/summer-spaces-program-to-provide-outdoor-play-spaces-and-employment',
275 => 'https://www.nysun.com/new-york/bloombergs-republican-problem/20193/',
276 => 'https://www.nysun.com/new-york/ognibene-will-fight-bloomberg-all-the-way/12873/',
277 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/16/archives/susan-meyer-is-married-to-michael-bloomberg.html',
278 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/nyregion/ronald-lauder-leader-of-term-limit-band.html',
279 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/nyregion/the-2001-elections-strategy-as-democrats-bicker-bloomberg-era-begins.html',
280 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/26/nyregion/bloomberg-a-man-of-contradictions-but-with-a-single-focus.html',
281 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/nyregion/bloomberg-vows-to-work-at-center-of-things.html',
282 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/nyregion/the-mayoral-transition-overview-bloomberg-takes-oath-as-108th-mayor-of-new-york.html',
283 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/nyregion/bloomberg-makes-city-s-bid-for-2004-gop-convention.html',
284 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/01/nyregion/political-memo-bloomberg-the-technocrat-seeks-his-inner-la-guardia.html',
285 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/01/nyregion/blocks-capturing-the-spirit-of-1776-but-with-a-different-number.html',
286 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/nyregion/metrocampaigns/04ognibene.html',
287 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/nyregion/12diana.html',
288 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/01/nyregion/01bloomberg.html',
289 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/31/us/politics/31bloomberg.html',
290 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/nyregion/19bankers.html',
291 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/nyregion/10collide.html',
292 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/books/excerpt-mike-bloomberg.html',
293 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/nyregion/10independence.html',
294 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/19/nyregion/19bloomberg.html',
295 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/nyregion/26bermuda.html',
296 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/04/nyregion/04diana.html',
297 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/nyregion/14bloomberg.html',
298 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/nyregion/charlotte-r-bloomberg-mayors-mother-dies-at-102.html',
299 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/nyregion/bloombergs-hometown-medford-mass-struggles-to-keep-his-attention.html',
300 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/nyregion/in-mayor-bloombergs-jet-setting-heart-a-love-for-helicopters.html',
301 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/nyregion/bloomberg-backs-gas-drilling-with-rules-to-protect-the-environment.html',
302 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/nyregion/bloomberg-endorses-obama-saying-hurricane-sandy-affected-decision.html',
303 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/27/nyregion/at-1-1-billion-bloomberg-is-top-university-donor-in-us.html',
304 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/14/nyregion/bloomberg-says-he-will-not-make-endorsement-in-mayoral-race.html',
305 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/21/nyregion/bloomberg-is-first-to-receive-a-1-million-jewish-award.html',
306 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/private-citizen-bloombergs-philosophy-on-philanthropy.html',
307 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/business/media/michael-bloomberg-to-return-as-chief-of-company-he-founded.html',
308 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/nyregion/bloomberg-named-an-honorary-knight.html',
309 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/nyregion/bloomberg-philanthropies-gives-100-million-to-cornell-tech.html',
310 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/nyregion/bloomberg-sensing-an-opening-revisits-a-potential-white-house-run.html',
311 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-not-running-for-president.html',
312 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/02/nyregion/departing-judge-offers-blunt-defense-of-ruling-that-ended-stop-and-frisk.html',
313 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-hillary-clinton-dnc.html',
314 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/arts/michael-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-museum-of-science-boston.html',
315 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/education/edlife/mike-bloomberg-salomon-brothers.html',
316 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/opinion/climate-progress-with-or-without-trump.html',
317 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/arts/design/michael-bloomberg-gives-75-million-to-shed-arts-center.html',
318 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/american-cities-climate-standards.html',
319 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/11/climate/cities-states-businesses-emissions-climate-pact.html',
320 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/nyregion/bill-hillary-clinton-global-initiative-mike-bloomberg.html',
321 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/education/learning/biggest-challenge-for-colleges-and-universities.html',
322 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/mike-bloomberg-democrats-election.html',
323 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/opinion/bloomberg-college-donation-financial-aid.html',
324 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/10/opinion/vape-deaths-children-bloomberg.html',
325 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/14/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-women.html',
326 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/17/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-speech.html',
327 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020-presidency.html',
328 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-tax-plan.html',
329 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/opinion/mike-bloomberg-tax-2020.html',
330 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/21/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-nda.html',
331 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-drops-out.html',
332 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2017/05/14/hardcover-nonfiction/',
333 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/15/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-spending.html',
334 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/08/20/us/dnc-convention-election',
335 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/04/26/nyregion/20100426BERMUDA_index.html',
336 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/03/05/nyregion/20120305medford.html',
337 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Conservative-Billionaire/235234',
338 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Joins-UN/237496',
339 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Gives-6/248563',
340 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Michael-Bloomberg-Tops/248009',
341 => 'https://www.philanthropy.com/article/New-Grant-Commitments-for/248647',
342 => 'https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2007/06/mike-for-veep-001897',
343 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/26/bloomberg-republican-endorsement-2020-073807',
344 => 'https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook-pm/2020/02/19/exodus-at-the-pentagon-488363',
345 => 'https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2013/05/bloomberg-grows-his-hamptons-estate-reveals-overseas-bank-accounts-000000',
346 => 'https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2015/04/the-mayors-affordable-housing-optimism-021017',
347 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/michael-bloomberg-environment-coal-sierra-club-116793',
348 => 'https://www.princeton.edu/news/2011/05/29/bloomberg-urges-seniors-follow-path-service',
349 => 'https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/02/25/carville_on_debate_warren_gives_the_impression_that_shed_rather_beat_bloomberg_than_win_herself.html',
350 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/22/us-tobacco-bloomberg-idUSBRE82L08E20120322',
351 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/dowjones-fenwick-correcte-idUSL1E8L706D20121009',
352 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN0228265920081002',
353 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-un-bloomberg/u-n-appoints-former-nyc-mayor-bloomberg-cities-climate-change-envoy-idUSBREA0U02Q20140131',
354 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-who-bloomberg-idUSKCN10S22T',
355 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-maryland-cancer-johnshopkins-idUSKCN0WV2IK',
356 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newyork-surveillance/bloomberg-defends-city-surveillance-camera-plan-idUSN0243142020071002',
357 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climate-paris-idUSKBN18W2DQ',
358 => 'https://www.rockefeller.edu/news/516-bloomberg-wilson-receive-honorary-degrees/',
359 => 'https://www.silive.com/news/2010/07/final_total_of_mayor_bloomberg.html',
360 => 'https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-40m-global-initiative-coronavirus-africa-local-leaders/574289/',
361 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/09/mike-bloomberg-comments-women-metoo/570448/',
362 => 'https://www.thedp.com/article/2008/02/bloomberg_to_address_graduates',
363 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/04/mark-carney-unveils-global-taskforce-to-educate-business-on-climate-change',
364 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/28/michael-bloomberg-buys-16m-house-in-exclusive-london-street',
365 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/23/michael-bloomberg-considers-third-party-presidential-bid',
366 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/23/michael-bloomberg-refuse-donations-presidential-bid',
367 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/31/new-york-billionaire-philanthropists',
368 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/stop-and-frisk-landmark-ruling',
369 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/new-york-stop-and-frisk-unconstitutional-judge',
370 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/michaelbloomberg',
371 => 'https://www.thestreet.com/story/14312612/1/bloomberg-claps-back-at-trump-at-inaugural-business-forum.html',
372 => 'https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/billionaire-club-in-bid-to-curb-overpopulation-d2fl22qhl02',
373 => 'https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/news/a-1-2-million-grant-helped-turn-outdoor-areas-in-nyc-into-play-spaces-for-kids-072820',
374 => 'https://www.timesofisrael.com/bloomberg-to-give-away-1m-genesis-prize-to-fund-big-ideas-based-on-jewish-values',
375 => 'https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/blog/2013_11_19_bloomberg1',
376 => 'https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52731#.Vuq9IvkrJ2R',
377 => 'https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1791.doc.htm',
378 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/09/03/bloomberg-returns-bloomberg-lp/15047285/',
379 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2010/10/the-vf-100-201010',
380 => 'https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/01/bernie-sanders-may-inspire-michael-bloomberg-to-run-for-president',
381 => 'https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/10/30/bloombergs-sexual-blind-spot/',
382 => 'https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12268364/watch-dnc-democratic-convention-2016-live-stream-tv-channel-schedule-events',
383 => 'https://www.vox.com/2016/7/29/12324696/donald-trump-michael-bloomberg-dnc',
384 => 'https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election/2019/12/11/21005008/michael-bloomberg-terminal-net-worth-2020',
385 => 'https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/8/18221878/michael-bloomberg-2020-president-campaign-democrat-policies',
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387 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/02/18/bloombergs-new-plan-crack-down-wall-street-includes-financial-transactions-tax/',
388 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/politics/michael-bloomberg-women/',
389 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bloomberg-news-reaches-into-british-media-for-a-new-top-editor/2014/12/09/c7080380-7fbf-11e4-81fd-8c4814dfa9d7_story.html',
390 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/bloomberg-gives-johns-hopkins-a-record-18-billion-for-student-financial-aid/2018/11/18/8db256cc-eb4e-11e8-96d4-0d23f2aaad09_story.html',
391 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/invisible-no-more-how-advising-programs-are-finding-new-talent-for-top-colleges/2018/03/27/4f5ec1a8-1b10-11e8-9de1-147dd2df3829_story.html',
392 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mayor-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-fight-coal-fired-power-plants/2011/07/20/gIQAEKKURI_story.html',
393 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/08/25/bloomberg-gives-harvard-32-million-to-teach-mayors-and-aides/',
394 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/12/05/michael-bloomberg-may-be-big-tobaccos-biggest-enemy/',
395 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/22/u-n-climate-summit-is-high-profile-but-some-of-worlds-most-important-leaders-will-skip-it',
396 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/02/16/should-mike-bloombergs-stop-and-frisk-record-disqualify-him/',
397 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-bloombergs-gun-safety-group-announces-60-million-spending-plan-for-2020-elections/2020/01/27/fcedb218-412c-11ea-aa6a-083d01b3ed18_story.html',
398 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/bloomberg-improves-from-his-last-debate--but-is-it-enough/2020/02/25/ec87f7ba-57ef-11ea-9b35-def5a027d470_story.html',
399 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/29/AR2007122901476.html',
400 => 'https://www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/17-08-2016-michael-r-bloomberg-becomes-who-global-ambassador-for-noncommunicable-diseases',
401 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607#P3106',
402 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607#identifiers',
403 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n96119073',
404 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704017904575409713589040490',
405 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703545604575407160266158170',
406 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/bloomberg-condemns-narrowing-views-on-college-campuses-1401402413',
407 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-gives-300-million-to-johns-hopkins-for-public-health-effort-1473951780',
408 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-bloomberg-mulling-run-for-president-as-an-independent-1453568255',
409 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/risky-business-report-aims-to-frame-climate-change-as-economic-issue-1403578637',
410 => 'https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/348-07/mayor-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-2007-conservative-party-conference',
411 => 'https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/354-05/statement-mayor-bloomberg-supreme-court-chief-justice-nominee-john-roberts',
412 => 'https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/231-10/mayor-michael-bloomberg-delivers-remarks-the-johns-hopkins-university-2010-commencement',
413 => 'https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/428-13/mayor-bloomberg-city-will-reach-160-000-units-affordable-housing-financed-under-new#/0',
414 => 'https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2017/0426.html'
] |
