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'{{Short description|Governorate of Iraq}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Nineveh Governorate |native_name = {{lang|ar|محافظة نينوى}} <small>(in [[Arabic]])</small> |settlement_type = [[Governorates of Iraq|Governorate]] |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = [[Aqrah]], Nineveh |image_map = Ninawa in Iraq.svg |mapsize = 250px |coordinates = {{Coord|36|0|N|42|28|E|type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = {{IRQ}} |seat_type = Capital |seat = [[Mosul]] | parts_type = [[ISIL territorial claims|Occupation of part]] | parts_style = para |leader_party = |leader_title = Governor |leader_name = Najim Al-Juburee |area_total_km2 = 37323 |population_total = 3270422 |population_as_of = 2011<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Iraq.html#Stadt_alpha Citypopulation.de]</ref> |population_density_km2 = auto | blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.664<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}} |website = <!-- {{official URL}} --> }} '''Nineveh Governorate''' ({{lang-ar|محافظة نينوى}},<ref>{{cite web |title=محافظة نينوى |url=https://ninava.gov.iq/ |website=ninava.gov.iq |access-date=21 December 2019 |language=ar}}</ref> {{lang-syr|ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ|Hoparkiya d’Ninwe}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Bahra Magazine |url=http://www.zowaa.co.uk/bahra/s145-1.pdf|website=zowaa.co.uk/bahra/s145-1.pdf|access-date=27 April 2020 |language=syr}}</ref><ref>Gregorius bar Hebraeus, “” based upon Jean Baptiste Abbeloos and Thomas Joseph Lamy (eds.), Gregorii Barhebræi (Louvain: Peeters, 1872-1877), Digital Syriac Corpus, last modified May 4, 2018, https://syriaccorpus.org/373.}}</ref> {{lang-ku|Parêzgeha Neynewa ,پارێزگای نەینەوا}}<ref>{{cite news |title=PDK û rewşa Civata Parêzgeha Neynewa di perlemana Îraqê de |url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/ku/news/65767e49-d7f9-4763-b03c-7b05450e4745 |access-date=21 December 2019 |work=Kurdistan24 |language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ئەنجوومەنی پارێزگای نەینەوا: پارێزگار دەستیلەکارکێشایەوە و پەسەندمان کرد |url=https://www.rudaw.net/sorani/middleeast/iraq/191120191 |access-date=21 December 2019 |date=19 November 2019 |language=ku}}</ref>) is a [[Governorates of Iraq|governorate]] in northern [[Iraq]] that contains the ancient [[Assyria]]n city of [[Nineveh]]. It was an integral part of [[Assyria]] from the 25th century BC to the seventh century AD. It has an area of {{convert|37323|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people in 2003. Its chief city and provincial capital is [[Mosul]], which lies across the [[Tigris]] river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. [[Tal Afar]] is the second-biggest city. Before 1976, it was called ''Mosul Province'' and included the present-day [[Dohuk Governorate]], which is now part of the autonomous [[Kurdistan Region]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ninewa - NCCI Governorate Profile |url=https://www.ncciraq.org/images/infobygov/NCCI_Ninewa_Governorate_Profile.pdf |access-date=21 December 2019 |page=4 |date=2010}}</ref> An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, it was partly conquered by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]], with Mosul and the surrounding area being captured in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=al-Lami|first1=Mina |date=21 July 2014 |title= Iraq: the minorities of Nineveh Plain |newspaper=BBC World News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28351073 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724024337/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28351073 |archive-date= 24 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iraqi government forces retook the city in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن|url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/العبادي-يطلق-على-عمليات-تحرير-نينوى-تسمي/ar|access-date=21 October 2016|work=Al Sumaria|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="atlantic1020">{{cite news|last1=Winter|first1=Charlie|title=How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/|access-date=21 October 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref> == Recent history and administration == [[File:Eziden und andere Minderheiten in Ninive (Gastvortrag), (033) der geladene Gastredner Athiel al-Nudschafi, Gouverneur von Ninive.jpg|thumb|upright|Former governor [[Atheel al-Nujaifi|al-Nujaifi]] 2014 in the [[Yezidian Academy]], [[Hanover]], Germany]] Its two cities endured the [[2003 Invasion of Iraq]] and emerged unscathed. In 2004, however, Mosul and Tal Afar were the scenes of fierce battles between [[United States|US]]-led troops and [[Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)|Iraqi insurgents]]. The insurgents moved to Nineveh after the [[First Battle of Fallujah|Battle of Fallujah]] in 2004. After the invasion, the military of the province was led by (then Major General) [[David Petraeus]] of the [[101st Airborne Division]] and later by (then Brigadier General) [[Carter Ham]] as the multi-national brigade for Iraq. During the time, the American civil head of the local office of the [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] was a US Foreign Service Officer and former Kurdish refugee to the States. Mustafa administered her nominees on the provincial council and through members of the Kashmoula family. In June 2004, Osama Kashmoula became the interim governor of the province and in September of the same year he was assassinated en route to Baghdad. He was succeeded as interim Governor by [[Duraid Kashmoula]], who was elected governor in January 2005. Duraid Kashmoula resigned in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Iraq governor looks back on troubled tenure|first= Ned|last= Parker|url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/22/world/fg-iraq-governor22|newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= 22 January 2009|archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/65RDpllxD?url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/22/world/fg-iraq-governor22|archive-date= 14 February 2012|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref> In April 2009, [[Atheel al-Nujaifi]], a hardline Arab nationalist and member of [[Al-Hadba]], became governor.<ref>{{Cite news|title= In Nineveh, tensions between Iraqi Kurds and Arabs simmer|first= Liz|last= Sly|url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/23/world/fg-iraq-kurds23|newspaper= Los Angeles Times|date= 23 June 2009|archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/65RFMtknR?url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/23/world/fg-iraq-kurds23|archive-date= 14 February 2012|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> While al-Nujaifi's Arab [[Muttahidoon]] bloc lost its majority to the Kurdish [[Kurdistan List|Brotherhood and Coexistence Alliance List]] in the [[2013 Ninawa governorate election|2013 provincial election]], al-Nujaifi was reelected as governor by a larger Sunni Arab coalition<ref>{{cite news |author=Abdullah Salem |title=Voter's Revolution in Ninawa – Local minorities take over Provincial government |url=http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/politics/3276/local-minorities-take-over-provincial-govt.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722194559/http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/politics/3276/local-minorities-take-over-provincial-govt.htm |publisher=Niqash |date=22 August 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> that was later formalized as the [[Nahda Bloc]]. In June 2014, [[insurgents]] from the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (known as ISIS or ISIL) [[2014 Mosul offensive|overran the capital Mosul]], forcing an estimated 500,000 refugees to flee the area,<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Robertson, Nic |author2=Smith-Spark, Laura |name-list-style=amp |title= Fresh off Mosul victory, militants in Iraq wrest control of Tikrit |newspaper=CNN |date= 11 June 2014|url= http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-violence/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612004130/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-violence/index.html |archive-date=12 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> including governor al-Nujaifi,<ref>{{Cite news |title= Iraqi insurgents 'seize new city' |date= 11 June 2014 |newspaper=BBC News |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25588623 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611222839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25588623 |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> who was subsequently deposed by the [[Council of Representatives of Iraq|Iraqi Parliament]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Hamza Mustafa |title=Iraq: Nineveh governor sacked following ISIS advances |newspaper=[[Asharq al-Awsat]] |url=http://english.aawsat.com/2015/05/article55343707/iraq-nineveh-governor-sacked-following-isis-advances |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211135442/http://english.aawsat.com/2015/05/article55343707/iraq-nineveh-governor-sacked-following-isis-advances |date=29 May 2015 |archive-date=11 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> While the Kurdish list proposed Hassan al-Allaf, an Arab affiliated with the [[Iraqi Islamic Party|Islamic Party]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Member of Nineveh's Council: Two Candidates For The Post Of The Governor And Negotiations To Select One Of Them |agency=[[National Iraqi News Agency|NINA]] |url=http://ninanews.com/News_Details.aspx?QUvx7hpaRJSocGRGbNL01Q%253d%253d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217113939/http://ninanews.com/News_Details.aspx?QUvx7hpaRJSocGRGbNL01Q%253d%253d |date=21 June 2015 |archive-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> the provincial council elected [[Nofal Hammadi al-Sultan|Nofal Hammadi]] (formerly Loyalty to Nineveh List) with the votes of the Nahdha bloc.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nofal Hammadi of al-Nahetha bloc elected as Governor of Nineveh succeeding al-Nujaifi |newspaper=Shafaq |url=http://english.shafaaq.com/politics/16118.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217075619/http://english.shafaaq.com/politics/16118.html |date=5 October 2015 |archive-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=17 February 2016 }}</ref> An [[Battle of Mosul (2016)|offensive to retake Mosul]] from ISIL control began in October 2016, with Iraqi and Kurdish soldiers supported by a U.S.-led coalition of 60 nations.<ref name="atlantic1020"/> === Provincial elections === {{Main|2013 Nineveh governorate election}} {{Ninawa governorate election, 2013}} == Human geography == === Borders === Neighboring Iraqi regions are [[Dohuk Governorate]] to the north, [[Erbil Governorate]] which are a part of the autonomous region of Kurdistan and [[Kirkuk Governorate]] to the east, [[Saladin Governorate]] to the south-east, and [[Al Anbar Governorate]] to the south. In the west it shares a border with [[Syria]], mostly [[Al-Hasakah Governorate]], and also [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]] in the south. === Administrative districts === Nineveh Governorate comprises 30 districts, listed below with their areas<ref>COSIT (Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology), Baghdad.</ref> and populations as estimated in 2003:<ref>NGO Co-ordination Committee.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! District ! Name <br />in Arabic ! Area in <br />sq.&nbsp;km ! Population <br />in 2003 |- | [[Sinjar District|Sinjar]] || {{lang|ar|سنجار}} ||align="right"| 2,928 ||align="right"| 166,466 |- | [[Al-Ba'aj District|Al-Ba'aj]] || {{lang|ar|البعاج}} ||align="right"| 9,172 ||align="right"| 88,401 |- | [[Al-Hadar]] (Hatra) || {{lang|ar|الحضر}} ||align="right"| 9,738 ||align="right"| 37,655 |- | [[Mosul District|Al-Mosul]] || {{lang|ar|الموصل}} ||align="right"| 4,471 ||align="right"| 1,432,230 |- | [[Tel Afar District|Tel Afar]] || {{lang|ar|تلعفر}} ||align="right"| 4,453 ||align="right"| 300,878 |- | [[Tel Kaif District|Tel Kaif]] || {{lang|ar|تلكيف}} ||align="right"| 1,244 ||align="right"| 167,647 |- | [[Al-Hamdaniya District|Al-Hamdaniya]] || {{lang|ar|الحمدانية}} ||align="right"| 1,155 ||align="right"| 125,665 |- | [[Al-Shikhan District|Al-Shikhan]] || {{lang|ar|الشيخان}} ||align="right"| 1,333 ||align="right"| 58,132 |- | '''''Total''''' || ||align="right"| ''37,323'' ||align="right"| ''2,453,116'' |} === Demographics === {{Unreferenced section|date=August 2014}} Nineveh Province is multiethnic. There are significant numbers of [[Arabs]], [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmens]], [[Assyrian People|Assyrians]], [[Kurds]] as well as [[Yazidis]] both in towns and cities, and in their own specific villages and regions. There are also many [[Armenians]], [[Kawliya]], [[Mandeans]] and [[Shabak people|Shabaks]]. The majority are [[Sunni Muslim]]. 80% of the Arabs are [[Sunni Muslim]], the [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmens]] mostly are [[Sunni Muslim]], and the Kurds are mostly [[Sunni Muslim]]. About 5–10% of the population is Christian. Generally, [[Yazidis]], [[Shabak people|Shabaks]] and [[Mandeans]] are followers of their respective heritage religions, [[Yazidism]], [[Shabakism]], and [[Mandaeism]]. The primary spoken language is [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. Minority languages include [[Iraqi Turkman|Turkman]], [[Neo-Aramaic languages|Neo-Aramaic]] dialects spoken by the [[Assyrian People]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] (predominately [[Kurmanji]]), [[Shabaki language|Shabaki]], and [[Armenian language|Armenian]]. === Proposed Assyrian autonomous region === {{Main|Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq}} Many Assyrian leaders advocate an autonomous [[Assyrian homeland]] within Nineveh Province for the indigenous Assyrians.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Marco Gombacci |title=Iraqi Christians ask EU to support the creation of a Nineveh Plain Province |url=http://europeanpost.co/iraqi-christians-ask-eu-to-support-the-creation-of-a-nineveh-plain-province/ |website=europeanpost.co}}</ref> Most National Iraqi leaders have not taken this plan seriously. == See also == * [[2005 Nineveh governorate election]] * [[Nineveh plains]] * [[Assyrian homeland]] * [[List of Yazidi settlements]] * [[List of churches and monasteries in Nineveh]] * [[Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL]] * [[Genocide of Christians by ISIL]] * [[Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq]] == Notes and references == {{Reflist}} == Further reading == * {{citation |author=Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Extra Regional Affairs |title=Report on the Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and the Disputed Regions |date=June 2007 |location=Erbil |url=http://perleman.org/files/articles/130508111135.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111141639/http://perleman.org/files/articles/130508111135.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 April 2015 }} <!-- == External links == * {{Official website}} --> {{Nineveh plains}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Ninawa Governorate |North = [[Dohuk Governorate]] |Northeast = |East = [[Arbil Governorate]] |Southeast = [[Salah ad Din Governorate]] |South = [[Al Anbar Governorate]] |Southwest = |West = {{flag|Syria}} |Northwest = }} {{Provinces of Iraq}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nineveh Governorate| ]] [[Category:Governorates of Iraq]] [[Category:Assyrian geography]] [[Category:Upper Mesopotamia]] [[Category:Yazidis in Iraq]]'