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'[[File:Tom Ritchey (2275515818).jpg|thumb|Tom Ritchey being interviewed on The Fredcast]] {{BLP sources|date=June 2020}} '''Tom Ritchey''' (born 1956) is an American bicycle frame builder, Category 1 racer, fabricator, designer, and founder of Ritchey Design.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/How-cycling-pioneer-Tom-Ritchey-got-back-in-the-9200695.php|title=How cycling pioneer Tom Ritchey got back in the saddle|publisher=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=2019-07-23|language=en}}</ref> Ritchey is a US pioneer {{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} in modern frame building and the first production [[mountain bike]] builder/manufacturer in the history of the sport. He is an innovator of bicycle components that have been used in winning some of the biggest cycling competitions in the world including the UCI World Championships, the [[Tour de France]] and the Olympics. In 1988, Ritchey was inducted into the inaugural [[Mountain Bike Hall of Fame]] in Crested Butte, Colorado (now located in Fairfax, California): and 2012, inducted to the United States Bicycle Hall of Fame in Davis, California. ==Early years== Tom Ritchey moved to Menlo Park, California, from Cherry Hill, New Jersey, in 1963, when his father was hired as an engineer at [[Ampex Corporation]], an electronics company located in Redwood City, California, pioneered the magnetic tape recorder. Ritchey attributes his interest in bicycles to his father's interest in cycling, as his father found cycling as a means to get to work and fell in love with the sport himself. At age 11, Ritchey's father taught Tom Jr. to build his wheels and repair tubular tires. Ritchey started a small business repairing tires to earn money to buy his first road bike, a Raleigh Super Course. When he was 14, Ritchey joined the Belmont Bicycle Club (BBC) and began racing. Shortly after this, he upgraded his bike to a frame he repaired himself, a broken [[Cinelli]] "B." His father taught him how to braze around this time, and he started repairing bicycle frames for local racers. After learning to repair/replace other builders' damaged tubes, Ritchey built his first racing frame. He decided to build his frame out of a necessity for an affordable, lighter, faster bike. He bought the tube set and lugs from local builder Hugh Enox at the time for $21, and in 1972 built his first frame, which he raced on that year. He won many junior races and titles on this very frame, and eventually, on future bikes, he built winning the Senior Prestige Road trophy and the BAR (Best All-Around Rider) in 1973 and 1974 as a Junior. These feats led to Ritchey being known as the "Senior Slayer", having beaten top Californians (many of whom considered to be some of the best riders in the U.S. at the time) and former Olympians. Tom rode for Team USA's Junior Worlds road racing squad, and then a stint on the U.S. National Road Team. In 1976, Ritchey retired from road racing. He continued to race mountain bikes through the early 1980s, competing more recently in races like the Downieville Classic, La Ruta, Trans Andes, Trans Alps, and Cape Epic in South Africa. During his early racing years, Ritchey began building bikes for Palo Alto Bicycles and its national mail order catalog. In 1974, as his senior year in high school approached, Ritchey had already built approximately 200 frames. It was around this time he honed his fillet brazing or "lugless" method of fabricating frames. Ritchey sought to challenge bicycle industry standards of frame tubing diameter at the time limited by the use of fixed dimensioned lugs. Ritchey's fillet brazing construction method allowed the choice of larger thin-wall tubing diameters and unique ovalizations to create lighter -stiffer frames. By 1979, Ritchey had produced over 1,000 frames on his own. ==Personal life== Ritchey is married to his second wife, Martha. Together they have six children; son Jay, and daughters Sara and Annie (Tom), and sons Steven, David, and Christopher (Martha). Tom and Martha have six grandchildren. ==Off-road riding and the mountain bike== Ritchey often cites his friend, the late [[Jobst Brandt]] as being crucial not only to his development as a cyclist and component designer, but for his deep passion in off-road riding. Brandt, author of the iconic book, The Bicycle Wheel, had a riding style that was unlike anyone else at the time. Brandt would lead his infamous rides that quickly left the paved roads behind and ventured onto to dirt single-track trails on traditional road bikes with no modification—something completely unheard in the 1960s and '70s. In 1978, Ritchey was approached by [[Joe Breeze]] and [[Otis Guy]] to build a tandem for them to use in a record attempt across America. Breeze brought his newly made off-road "ballooner" bike to Ritchey's shop in Menlo Park. While he credits Joe Breeze for building the first custom off-road specific 26" wheeled frame, however, known only to a few people, Ritchey had already built an off-road specific 650b bike along the design lines of a fatter tired, flat barred "woodsy/cow trail" bike. Ritchey says he was influenced by the late [[John Finley Scott]], who encouraged him to build a bike for years with 650b wheels and tires. Upon seeing Joe's bike, he said, "I think I’ll build something like that also." Breeze returned to his home of Fairfax, CA and told [[Gary Fisher]] of Ritchey's intentions to build a 26" "ballooner." Immediately, Fisher called Ritchey and asked Ritchey to build him one as well. Because of Ritchey's production mindset, he built a third frame. When Fisher picked up his frame a few months later and learned of the third frame, he told Ritchey, "I can sell that." The seeds of the new "mountain bike" company were sewn, beginning with Fisher selling bike #3 to a fellow Marin resident. These "ballooners" were first featured in BMX Plus magazine, before the world identified them as a mountain bike, and a new buzz surrounded this new style of off-road bike. Fisher enlisted the help of his friend and roommate, [[Charlie Kelly (businessman)|Charlie Kelly]], to market and sell the bikes Ritchey was building. Because Ritchey had years of custom frame and component manufacturing experience, he was uniquely suited to tackle and establish many of the new designs and standards this new breed of bicycle would require. The company initially was called Ritchey MountainBikes, with Ritchey fillet brazing over 1000 bikes over the course of those beginning three years. This high volume of production lead to Ritchey becoming mountain biking's first production frame builder, earning him the moniker, "The General Motors of mountain bike frame companies," from [[Mike Sinyard]] of [[Specialized Bicycle Components|Specialized]]. The informal business lasted about three years, with Ritchey building the bikes in the mountains of the south bay peninsula while Fisher and Kelly sold them out of Fairfax and Marin. In 1983, Ritchey left the relationship. Kelly also left due to personal reasons. On his own, Ritchey sold his remaining frames to a new company out of British Columbia, called [[Rocky Mountain Bicycles]]. Out of this turbulent time Ritchey built his own sales and marketing company, hired a retired professional road racer, Mike Neel, as his salesman and created Ritchey Design. By the early 80s general interest in cycling was in decline, however, mountain biking was growing. Events like Pearl Pass and the NORBA '83 National Championships drove interest in the emerging sport. By the mid 1980s, over 25 percent of the bike industry was based on mountain bikes, with Ritchey emerging as the #1 off-road component design company outside of Shimano. ==Innovations== Again, [[Jobst Brandt]] was crucial to the young and aspiring Ritchey, and the products he was designing. Brandt, a mechanical engineer at [[Hewlett Packard]], always called into question Tom's new ideas—scrutinizing every detail of his designs. Ritchey, who sought to design and produce components that were light and fast, was often countered by Brandt who demanded components be durable and strong enough to endure the back country epic rides Jobst liked to do. Ritchey's foundational design principles emerged from these dueling philosophes. Among the first of Ritchey's designs to be brought to use was his "Logic" steel frame tubing. With the new era of fillet brazing he pioneered,{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} and the new uprising of TIG welded frame production, Ritchey knew that condensed, force-direction butted tubing would produce steel frames that would be lighter and stronger than common butted tubes previously manufactured. Initially Ritchey sought tubes from Italian company Columbus however they didn't meet Ritchey's specifications, so Tange of Japan was the final supplier. Their success lead to the birth of Logic Tubing. This tubing changed the way tubing manufacturers thought about butting profiles,{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} allowing the manufacture of lighter, yet extremely durable larger diameter steel tubing bikes. He later took his same shortened butt concept to spoke manufacturer DT Swiss to produce spokes to build lighter, stronger wheels. Below is a list of a few innovations and firsts Ritchey produced: • 1974 Twin-plated crown forks • 1979 New "MountainBikes" frame • 1980 130mm mountain bike specific rear hub • 1980 120mm bottom bracket spindle to account for wider chain stays that accommodate a wider rear tire • 1980 The Bullmoose integrated mountain bike specific handlebar and stem • 1983 Standard unicrown tapered fork • 1984 Logic butted tubing • 1984 Developed new MTB specific tread design with IRC, Japan. Applied road tire technology to MTB tires, introducing a folding bead and 120tpi. In 1988, applied Vector Force Analysis (VFA) tread designs to develop mountain bike tires featuring front & rear specific and rotation direction tires. • 1985 Vantage rim, the first welded mountain bike specific rim produced by Ukai. A wider, 25mm rim developed to better handle a wider knobby tire. • 1989 Logic Condensed double butted spokes produced by DT Swiss • 1989 Developed alloy 3D net shape forging, for stems that lead way to a new generation of lighter, stiffer and stronger stems that did away with welding. • 1992 First to succeed in Off Center Rim Technology (OCR) made possible a balanced spoke tension in rear wheels and off center disc specific front and rear wheels. • 1995 2x9 speed drivetrain for mountain bikes ==Film== • Tom Ritchey was profiled in the 2007 documentary film Klunkerz: A Film About Mountain Bikes. • "Tom Ritchey's 40 Year Ride," a documentary was released in August 2012 chronicling four decades of Ritchey's business • "Rising from Ashes," a documentary film chronicling the beginning of Team Rwanda<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121103083219/http://risingfromashesthemovie.com/</ref> ==Accolades and awards== * 1988, inducted into the [[Mountain Bike Hall of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mmbhof.org/tom-ritchey/|title=Tom Ritchey|website=Marin Museum of Bicycling|access-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref> * 2012, inducted into the [[United States Bicycling Hall of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://usbhof.org/inductees/|title=Inductees|website=United States Bicycling Hall of Fame|access-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref> ==Project Rwanda== In December 2005, Ritchey toured Rwanda by bicycle. He found the landscape to be a beautiful one, but the people and their journey of reconciliation even more compelling. Ritchey rode through the hilly countryside, (Rwanda is called Land of a Thousand Hills) and witnessed the incredible cycling talent that existed there, without any of the modern cycling technology available to the average cyclist here in the USA. Ritchey believed that a national cycling team could bring a sense of hope and national pride. Within the next few months, Ritchey began to formalize a 501c3 called, Project Rwanda. Ritchey then asked his friend, Jared Miller, if he would go to Rwanda to explore possibilities of putting on a cycling event. On September 16, 2006, Ritchey sponsored the first annual Rwandan Wooden Bike Classic in Karongi Stadium, a mountain bike, wooden bike, and single speed colonial bike race. Attendance was over 3,000. Ritchey asked North American Tour de France Stage winner, Alex Stieda, and cycling pioneer, Jock Boyer, to race alongside him at the event held to celebrate the wooden bike innovation and what it meant to Ritchey. After the event, Ritchey asked Boyer to help him in finding and cultivating cycling talent, which would become Team Rwanda. Ritchey designed a geared cargo/coffee bike, capable of carrying heavy loads, to help the Rwandans, especially the coffee farmers in the rural areas of Rwanda, get their crops more efficiently to washing stations. He worked with other NGO's like World Vision and Bikes for Rwanda, to help distribute approximately 4,000 bikes, through micro finance programs and grants. ==Quotes== * "My bike is my office" * "Steel is real" ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://velopress.com/books/land-of-second-chances/ Land of Second Chances: The Impossible Rise of Rwanda's Cycling Team] *[http://velopress.com/books/fat-tire-flyer/ Fat Tire Flyer, a book about the first mountain bikes by Charlie Kelly] *[http://www.ritcheylogic.com/ Ritchey Bicycle Components] *[http://www.ritchey.ch/ Ritchey Bicycle Components International Webstore] *[http://www.completesite.com/mbhof/page.cfm?memberid=27 His page on the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame.] * Rough Riders interview: [http://www.xo-1.org/2011/01/tom-ritchey-in-his-own-words.html 'Tom Ritchey, in his own words'] *[http://www.projectrwanda.org Project Rwanda] *[http://www.oldmountainbikes.com/ritchey/ A short history of Tom Ritchey's frames on Old Mountain Bikes.] *[http://projectrwanda.org/news/tom-ritchey-pedaling-home An interview with Tom Ritchey, where he discusses Rwanda, faith, and bicycles.] {{American bicycle manufacturers}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ritchey, Tom}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Cycle designers]] [[Category:American male cyclists]] [[Category:Mountain bike innovators]] [[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]'