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[ 0 => 'The so-called '''555K protests''' were the first example of [[civil disobedience]] in the history of Turkey. They were organised by students for 5pm on 5 May 1960 in [[Kızılay, Ankara]] to protest against the ruling [[Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)|Democrat Party]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meriç |first1=Sercan |title=Bir başkaldırının sıradışı öyküsü: 555K |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/hayatim/kultur-sanat-haberleri/bir-baskaldirinin-siradisi-oykusu-555k/ |website=sozcu.com.tr |publisher=Sözcü |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>', 1 => '', 2 => '==Events==', 3 => 'The death of two students in the clashes between the police and the students during the [[28-29 April events (Turkey)|28-29 April events]] made the atmosphere in the country very tense.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | soyadı1 = Atik | ad1 = Ferhat | başlık = “555K” | url = http://www.salom.com.tr/haber-106693-555k.html | yayıncı = Şalom Gazetesi | erişimtarihi = 15 Haziran 2018 | tarih = 3 Mayıs 2018 | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180708144229/http://www.salom.com.tr/haber-106693-555k.html | arşivtarihi = 8 Temmuz 2018}}</ref>', 4 => '', 5 => 'At the agreed time, Cemal Süreya, Altan Öymen and their friends were ready for action but when nine was started they began it themselves around half past five. Arm in arm, they and their fellow students began whistling the Plevna March. As they walked, the pedestrians they passed made way for them, and some started to follow them. The numbers grew steadily. After a while, the activists reached Zafer Square and returned to Kızılay. However, by this time, the police had already been stationed in Kızılay to disperse the protesters. When they intervened in the demonstration, trying to break it up while the Plevna March continued to break out here and there all around them.<ref name=“evrensel”>{{cite web |last1=Güngör |first1=Hakan |title=Bir ıslıkla ışıyan hürriyet: 555K |url=https://www.evrensel.net/haber/378794/bir-islikla-isiyan-hurriyet-555k |website=evrensel.net |publisher=Evrensel |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>', 6 => '', 7 => 'At that time, the cars of President [[Celal Bayar]], Prime Minister [[Adnan Menderes]] and Assembly Speaker [[Refik Koraltan]] were nearby as they were returning from the Assembly. Bayar and Menderes, who learned that there was a protest in Kızılay, wanted to see what was going on. As soon as they reached the square, howls of protest, booing and slogans went up. Menderes got out of his car and angrily confronted the protesters, challenging them and cursing them. He shouted: "Are you going to kill me? Come on, kill me!" The protesters replied: “We are not murderers, the government are murderers!<ref name=“evrensel”/>', 8 => '', 9 => 'The police eventually managed to get Menderes into a vehicle belonging to [[Hürriyet]] Ankara Representative Emin Karakuş. While getting into the car, Menderes banged on its inside ceiling inside the car. As soon as Menderes got in the car, Karakuş accelerated, broke through the crowd and left the square.<ref name=“evrensel”/>', 10 => '', 11 => 'According to some rumors, former CHP Chairman [[Deniz Baykal]], who was a student at that time, or alternatively according to the poet [[Cemal Süreya]], [[Vedat Dalokay]] was asked by Menderes, "What do you want?" In answer, he grabbed the collar of the Prime Minister and said, “We want freedom!” Menderes replied "You're holding onto the collar of the Prime Minister. Is there any greater freedom than that?"<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://yenisafak.com.tr/Pazar/default.aspx?t=19.04.2007&i=40562 | başlık = Yeni Şafak | erişimtarihi = 13 Haziran 2008 | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511092433/http://yenisafak.com.tr/Pazar/default.aspx?t=19.04.2007&i=40562 | arşivtarihi = 11 Mayıs 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/01/24/cp/yaz1047-20-108-20070114-102.html | başlık = Sabah | erişimtarihi = 13 Haziran 2008 | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215429/http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/01/24/cp/yaz1047-20-108-20070114-102.html | arşivtarihi = 14 Mayıs 2011}}</ref>', 12 => '', 13 => '==Slogans==', 14 => 'University students gathered in the square and sang the [[Plevna March]] to these words:', 15 => '', 16 => '{{Columns', 17 => '| colwidth = 20.0em', 18 => '| col1 = “Olur mu böyle olur mu?', 19 => '', 20 => 'Kardeş kardeşi vurur mu?', 21 => '', 22 => 'Kahrolası diktatörler.', 23 => '', 24 => 'Bu dünya size kalır mı?', 25 => '', 26 => 'Kızılırmak akmam diyor.', 27 => '', 28 => 'Etrafını yıkmam diyor.”', 29 => '| col2 = “Is it okay? Is it okay?', 30 => '', 31 => 'Does brother shoot brother?', 32 => '', 33 => 'Damn dictators.', 34 => '', 35 => 'Will this world be yours?', 36 => '', 37 => 'The [[Kızılırmak River]] says it won’t flow,', 38 => '', 39 => 'It won’t destroy its surroundings.”<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea1QrV39R80 | başlık = 555K Protestosu ve Marşı | erişimtarihi = 6 Eylül 2020 | tarih = | çalışma = Altan Öymen'in Demirkırat Belgeselinde 555K olayını anlatması | yayıncı = 32. Gün Arşivi | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201004153022/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea1QrV39R80 | arşivtarihi = 4 Ekim 2020}}</ref>', 40 => '}}', 41 => '', 42 => '==Aftermath==', 43 => 'After the protests, the conditions of martial law were further aggravated. It was forbidden for more than 10 people to gather in Ankara; Broadcast bans were brought in one after another; and hose who took part in the protests were detained. The statements of DP members, especially Menderes, became much harsher; indeed he called on his supporters to “punish” the protesters.<ref name=“evrensel”/>', 44 => '', 45 => 'About 20 days after the 555K protests, on May 27, the [[1960 Turkish coup d'état]] took place, the first military intervention in the history of the republic.', 46 => '', 47 => 'The poet [[Cemal Süreya]], who participated in the action, later wrote the poem ''555K''.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | soyadı1 = Küçükkürtül | ad1 = Mehmet Raşit | başlık = cemal süreya’nın 555k şiiri hakkında | url = http://www.edebifikir.com/deneme/cemal-sureyanin-555k-siiri-hakkinda.html | erişimtarihi = 15 Haziran 2018 | tarih = 3 Ekim 2016 | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135515/http://www.edebifikir.com/deneme/cemal-sureyanin-555k-siiri-hakkinda.html | arşivtarihi = 15 Haziran 2018}}</ref>', 48 => '', 49 => '==See also==', 50 => '*[[28-29 April events (Turkey)]]', 51 => '*[[1960 Turkish coup d'état]]', 52 => '', 53 => '==Further reading==', 54 => '* Bülent Ulus & Hakan Güngör: ''Parola 555K - Bir Başkaldırının Sıradışı Öyküsü'', published by Kor Kitap (2019) ISBN-10 : 6052283580 ISBN-13: 978-6052283585', 55 => '', 56 => '==References==', 57 => '{{reflist}}' ]