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'{{other uses}} {{short description|North-south avenue in Manhattan, New York}} {{attached KML|display=title}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}} {{Infobox street | name = Fifth Avenue | marker_image = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | alternate_name = | image = Photograph of Fifth Avenue from the Metropolitan—New York City.jpg | image_size = 350px | image_map = {{maplink-road}} | caption = Looking northward from the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] at 81st Street | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | other_name = Museum Mile | former_names = | part_of = | namesake = | type = | owner = [[City of New York]] | maint = [[NYCDOT]] | length_mi = 6.197 | length_ref = <ref name="gmaps south">{{google maps |url=https://goo.gl/maps/5grbO |title=Fifth Avenue (south of 120th Street) |access-date=September 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name="gmaps north">{{google maps |url=https://goo.gl/maps/eu7CA |title=Fifth Avenue (north of 124th Street) |access-date=September 12, 2015}}</ref> | length_notes = | width = | area = | steps = | postal_code = | addresses = | location = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]] | metro = | coordinates = | direction_a = South | terminus_a = [[Waverly Place (Manhattan)|Washington Square North]] in [[Greenwich Village, Manhattan|Greenwich Village]] | junction = [[Madison Square]] in [[Flatiron District, Manhattan|Flatiron]]<br>[[Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)|Grand Army Plaza]] in [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]]<br>[[Duke Ellington Circle]] in [[East Harlem]]<br>[[Marcus Garvey Park]] in [[Harlem]]<br>[[Madison Avenue Bridge]] in Harlem<br>{{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Harlem River}} in Harlem | direction_b = North | terminus_b = {{jct|state=NY|Parkway|Harlem River|road|[[143rd Street (Manhattan)|143rd Street]]}} in Harlem | main_contractor = | cost = | references = | commissioning_date = [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811|March 1811]] | construction_start_date = | completion_date = | inauguration_date = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | demolition_date = | east = [[University Place (Manhattan)|University Place]] (south of 14th)<br>[[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] (14th to 23rd)<br>[[Madison Avenue]] (north of 23rd) | west = [[Sixth Avenue]] (south of 59th)<br>[[Central Park]]-East Drive (59th to 110th)<br/>[[Lenox Avenue (Manhattan)|Lenox Avenue]] (north of 110th) | designer = | known_for = | status = | website = }} '''Fifth Avenue''' is a major [[thoroughfare]] in the [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. It stretches north from [[Washington Square Park]] in [[Greenwich Village]] to [[143rd Street (Manhattan)|West 143rd Street]] in [[Harlem]]. It is considered one of the most expensive streets in the world.<ref name="huffpost 20100921">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/21/the-worlds-most-expensive_1_n_733301.html|title=Fifth Avenue The World's Most Expensive Shopping Street (PHOTOS) (Subtext: "For the 9th year in a row, Fifth Avenue between 39th and 60th Streets ranks first among Cushman & Wakefield's Main Streets Across the World Report, according to the New York Post.")|publisher=HuffingtonPost.com, Inc|date=September 21, 2010|access-date=October 23, 2010}}</ref><ref name="nytimes 19970429"/> Fifth Avenue carries [[Bidirectional traffic|two-way traffic]] from 142nd to [[135th Street (Manhattan)|135th Street]] and carries [[one-way traffic]] southbound for the remainder of its route. The entire street used to carry two-way traffic until 1966. From 124th to 120th Street, Fifth Avenue is cut off by [[Marcus Garvey Park]], with southbound traffic diverted around the park via Mount Morris Park West. Most of the avenue has a bus lane, though not a bike lane. Fifth Avenue is the traditional route for many celebratory [[parade]]s in New York City, and is closed on several Sundays per year. Fifth Avenue was originally only a narrower thoroughfare but the section south of [[Central Park]] was widened in 1908. The midtown blocks between [[34th Street (Manhattan)|34th]] and [[59th Street (Manhattan)|59th Streets]] were largely a [[residential area]] until the turn of the 20th century, when they were developed as commercial areas. The section of Fifth Avenue in the 50s is consistently ranked among the most expensive shopping streets in the world, and the section between 59th and [[96th Street (Manhattan)|96th Streets]] across Central Park was nicknamed "[[Millionaire's Mile|Millionaire's Row]]" in the early 20th century due to the high concentration of mansions there. A section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 110th Streets, also alongside Central Park, is also nicknamed Museum Mile due to the large number of museums there. ==History== === Early history === Fifth Avenue between [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]] and [[Central Park South]] (59th Street) was relatively undeveloped through the late 19th century.<ref name="NYCL-2327">{{cite web|date=June 23, 2009|title=John Peirce Residence|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2327.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-04-28|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} The surrounding area was once part of the common lands of the city of New York, which was allocated "all the waste, vacant, unpatented, and unappropriated lands" as a result of the 1686 [[Dongan Charter]].<ref name="Stokes 1915">{{cite web|last=Stokes|first=Isaac Newton Phelps|year=1915|title=The iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources and illustrated by photo-intaglio reproductions of important maps, plans, views, and documents in public and private collections|url=https://archive.org/details/iconographyofman06stok|url-status=live|page=67|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The city's [[Common Council of New York|Common Council]] came to own a large amount of land, primarily in the middle of the island away from the [[Hudson River|Hudson]] and [[East River|East Rivers]], as a result of grants by the Dutch provincial government to the colony of New Amsterdam. Although originally more extensive, by 1785 the council held approximately {{convert|1300|acres|ha}}, or about 9 percent of the island.<ref name="citygridch2">{{cite citygrid|pages=17-28}}</ref> The lots along what is now Fifth Avenue were laid out in the late 18th century following the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref name="NYCL-2327" />{{Rp|2}} The city's [[Common Council of New York|Common Council]] had, starting in June 1785, attempted to raise money by selling property. The land that the Council owned was not suitable for farming or residential estates, and it was also far away from any roads or waterways.<ref name="citygridch2" /> To divide the common lands into sellable lots, and to lay out roads to service them, the Council hired [[Casimir Goerck]] to survey them. Goerck was instructed to make lots of about {{convert|5|acre|ha}} each and to lay out roads to access the lots. He completed his task in December 1785, creating 140 lots of varying sizes, oriented with the east–west axis longer than the north–south axis.<ref name="citygridch2" /> As part of the plan, Goerck drew up a street called Middle Road, which eventually became Fifth Avenue.<ref name="citygridch2" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Bridges|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GJjKOwTS1sC|title=Map of the City of New York and Island of Manhattan: With Explanatory Remarks and References|publisher=author|year=1811|page=|access-date=May 12, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Reps">{{cite web|last=Reps|first=John W.|title=1811 COMMISSIONERS PLAN FOR NEW YORK|url=http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/nyc1811.htm|access-date=May 12, 2021|website=URBAN PLANNING, 1794-1918}}</ref> The topography of the lots contributed to the public's reluctance to buy the lots. By 1794, with the city growing ever more populated and the inhabited area constantly moving north towards the Common Lands, the Council decided to try again, hiring Goerck once more to re-survey and map the area. He was instructed to make the lots more uniform and rectangular and to lay out roads to the west and east of Middle Road, as well as to lay out east–west streets of {{convert|60|ft|m}} each. Goerck's East and West Roads later became [[Fourth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fourth]] and [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth]] Avenues, while Goerck's cross streets became the modern-day numbered east–west streets. Goerck took two years to survey the 212 lots which encompassed the entire Common Lands.<ref name="citygridch2" /> The [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]], which prescribed the street plan for Manhattan, was heavily inspired from Goerck's two surveys.<ref name="NYCL-2327" />{{Rp|9}} === 19th century === From the early 19th century, some plots on Fifth Avenue in Midtown were acquired by the wealthy and by institutions. In the mid-19th century, Fifth Avenue between 40th and 59th Streets was home to several institutions such as the [[Colored Orphan Asylum]], the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, the [[Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum (Manhattan)|Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum]], and [[St. Luke's Hospital (Manhattan)|St. Luke’s Hospital]].<ref name="NYCL-2327" />{{Rp|2}}<ref name="Maurice 1918 p.">{{cite book|last=Maurice|first=Arthur Bartlett|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZFuAAAAMAAJ|title=Fifth Avenue|publisher=Dodd, Mead|year=1918|page=|access-date=May 12, 2021}}</ref>{{Rp|282&ndash;283}} Other uses such as a cattle farm remained until the 1860s.<ref name="NYCL-2327" />{{Rp|2}} The portion of Fifth Avenue in Midtown became an upscale [[residential area]] following the [[American Civil War]].<ref name="NYCL-2327" />{{Rp|2}}<ref name="NY18802" />{{Rp|578}} Among the first people to develop such structures was Mary Mason Jones, who built the "Marble Row" on the eastern side of Fifth Avenue from 57th to 58th Streets between 1868 and 1870.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=July 6, 2012|title=A Woman With an Architectural Appetite|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/realestate/streetscapes-a-woman-with-an-architectural-appetite.html|access-date=November 20, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="NY18802">{{cite NY1880}}</ref>{{Rp|578}} Her sister Rebecca Colford Jones erected ornate houses of her own one block south.<ref name="NYCL-2327" />{{Rp|2}}<ref name="NY18802" />{{Rp|578}} Further development came in the late 1870s with the construction of three [[Vanderbilt family]] residences along Fifth Avenue between 51st and 59th Streets (the William H., [[William K. Vanderbilt Mansion|William K.]], and [[Cornelius Vanderbilt II House|Cornelius II]] mansions).<ref name="NY18802" />{{Rp|578, 580}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=1995-04-09|title=Streetscapes/647 Fifth Avenue; A Versace Restoration for a Vanderbilt Town House|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/09/realestate/streetscapes-647-fifth-avenue-a-versace-restoration-for-a-vanderbilt-town-house.html|access-date=2021-05-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In the 1880s and 1890s, the ten blocks of Fifth Avenue south of Central Park (at 59th Street) were known as "Vanderbilt Row".<ref name="NYCL-2327" />{{Rp|3}} The Vanderbilts' relocation prompted many business owners on Fifth Avenue between Madison Square and 34th Street to move uptown.<ref name="NY18802" />{{Rp|581}} The upper section of Fifth Avenue on the [[Upper East Side]], facing the newly created [[Central Park]], was not developed at that time because of what the ''Real Estate Record and Guide'' described as the presence of "no opposite neighbors", as the [[Upper West Side]] was not yet developed.<ref name="NY18802" />{{Rp|580&ndash;581}}<ref>{{cite journal|date=November 18, 1876|title=Central Park Lots|url=https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031128_018&page=ldpd_7031128_018_00000347&no=1|journal=The Real Estate Record: Real estate record and builders' guide|volume=18|pages=851|via=[[Columbia University|columbia.edu]]|number=453}}</ref> === Early 20th century === The midtown blocks were largely a residential area until the turn of the 20th century, when they were developed as commercial areas.<ref name="Wist 1992 p.">{{cite book|last=Wist|first=Ronda|title=On Fifth Avenue : then and now|publisher=Carol Pub. Group|year=1992|isbn=978-1-55972-155-4|publication-place=New York|oclc=26852090}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=April 6, 1907|title=Mr. Edward Harriman...|url=https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_039_15.pdf|journal=The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide|volume=79|pages=296|via=[[Columbia University|columbia.edu]]|number=2038}}</ref> As early as 1900, rising traffic led to proposals to restrict traffic on the avenue.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1900-02-09|title=Fifth Avenue Traffic Bill; Mr. Weekes Introduces the Bill to Bar Wagons During Certain Hours|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1900/02/09/archives/fifth-avenue-traffic-bill-mr-weekes-introduces-the-bill-to-bar.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The section south of Central Park was widened starting in 1908, sacrificing wide sidewalks to accommodate the increasing traffic. As part of the widening project, the New York City government ordered the removal of stoops and other "encroachments" onto the sidewalk in February 1908.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1908-02-07|title=Fifth Av. Buildings Must Be Trimmed; City Orders the Removal of Stoops and Vaults That Are Encroachments|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1908/02/07/archives/fifth-av-buildings-must-be-trimmed-city-orders-the-removal-of.html|access-date=2021-06-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The buildings that needed to be trimmed included the [[Waldorf–Astoria (1893–1929)|Waldorf–Astoria]] hotel. By early 1911, the avenue had been widened south of 47th Street.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1911-03-26|title=Thoroughfares Are Now Being Widened; The Waldorf-Astoria's Fancy Entrance at 34th Street Will Soon Be Torn Down.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/03/26/archives/thoroughfares-are-now-being-widened-the-waldorfastorias-fancy.html|access-date=2021-06-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Later that year, when widening commenced on the section between 47th and 59th Streets, many of the mansions on that stretch of Fifth Avenue were truncated or demolished. In addition, the front facades of [[St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)|St. Patrick's Cathedral]] and the [[Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church]] were relocated, and the gardens in front of the [[St. Regis New York|St. Regis]] and [[The Peninsula Hotel New York|Gotham]] hotels had to be destroyed.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1911-08-13|title=Upper Fifth Avenue in Wreckers' Hands; New York's Most Famous Mansions Have Their Facades Cut Back to Widen Thoroughfare.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/08/13/archives/upper-fifth-avenue-in-wreckers-hands-new-yorks-most-famous-mansions.html|access-date=2021-06-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[File:Fifth Avenue after a snow storm.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Fifth Avenue after a snow storm in 1905]] The first commercial building on Fifth Avenue was erected by [[Benjamin Altman]] who bought the corner lot on the northeast corner of [[34th Street (Manhattan)|34th Street]] in 1896.<ref name="nyt19041211">{{Cite news|date=December 11, 1904|title=Altman Firm to Build a Fifth Avenue Store; New Establishment to Be Opposite Waldorf-Astoria.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1904/12/11/archives/altman-firm-to-build-a-fifth-avenue-store-new-establishment-to-be.html|access-date=September 10, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[B. Altman and Company Building]] was erected between 1906 and 1914, occupying the whole of its block front. The result was the creation of a high-end shopping district that attracted fashionable women and the upscale stores that wished to serve them.<ref name="AIA5">{{cite aia5}}</ref>{{rp|266}} The [[Lord & Taylor Building]], formerly [[Lord & Taylor]]'s flagship store and now a [[WeWork]] office, was built at Fifth Avenue and 38th Street in 1914.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1914/02/22/archives/fifth-avenues-wonderful-evolution-as-shopping-centre.html|title=Fifth Avenue's Wonderful Evolution as Shopping Centre|date=February 22, 1914|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 11, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[Saks Fifth Avenue Building]], serving as [[Saks Fifth Avenue]]'s flagship, opened between 49th and 50th Streets in 1924.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1924-09-07|title=Saks New Store Opens Tomorrow; Marks Another Milestone in the Development of Fifth Avenue|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1924/09/07/archives/saks-new-store-opens-tomorrow-marks-another-milestone-in-the.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[Bergdorf Goodman Building]] between 57th and 58th Streets, the flagship of [[Bergdorf Goodman]], opened in stages between 1928 and 1929.<ref name="NYCL-0735" />{{rp|2}} By the 1920s, Fifth Avenue was the most active area for development in Midtown, and developers were starting to build north of 45th Street, which had previously been considered the boundary for profitable developments.<ref name="NYCL-1915" />{{rp|2–3}}<ref name="NRHP-03001514">{{cite web|date=December 19, 2003|title=Fred F. French Building|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/03001514.pdf|publisher=[[National Register of Historic Places]], [[National Park Service]]|access-date=October 7, 2020}}</ref>{{rp|14–15}}<ref name="nyt19260725">{{cite news|date=July 25, 1926|title=Millions of Dollars for New Buildings Invested in the Fifth Avenue Area: Steady Increase Shown in Real Estate Values|page=RE1|work=The New York Times|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/103796193/9335A1A67FEB4160PQ/|url-access=subscription|access-date=October 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|via=ProQuest}}</ref> The most active year for construction in that decade was 1926, when thirty office buildings were constructed on Fifth Avenue.<ref name="NYCL-1915" />{{rp|2}}<ref name="NRHP-03001514" />{{rp|14}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Cervin|title=Skyscraper style : art deco, New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1975|isbn=978-0-19-502112-7|publication-place=New York|page=12|language=en|oclc=1266717}}</ref> The two-block-wide area between Fifth and [[Park Avenue]]s, which represented eight percent of Manhattan's land area, contained 25% of developments that commenced between 1924 and 1926.<ref name="nyt19260725" /> In the 1920s, traffic towers controlled important intersections along the lower portion of Fifth Avenue.<ref name="nyt20140516">{{Cite news|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=2014-05-16|title=A History of New York Traffic Lights|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/realestate/a-history-of-new-york-traffic-lights.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The idea of using patrolmen to control traffic at busy Fifth Avenue intersections was introduced as early as 1914.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=S. W.|date=1914-08-03|title=Fifth Avenue Traffic; Plan for Policeman in "Crow's Nest" Is Proposed|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1914/08/03/archives/fifth-avenue-traffic-plan-for-policeman-in-crows-nest-is-proposed.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The first such towers were installed in 1920 upon a gift by Dr. John A. Harriss, who paid for patrolmen's sheds in the middle of Fifth Avenue at [[34th Street (Manhattan)|34th]], 38th, [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd]], [[50th Street (Manhattan)|50th]] and [[57th Street (Manhattan)|57th Street]]s.<ref name="nyt19970202">{{Cite news|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=1997-02-02|title=Mystery of 104 Bronze Statues of Mercury|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/02/realestate/mystery-of-104-bronze-statues-of-mercury.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Two years later, the Fifth Avenue Association gave seven {{convert|23|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} bronze traffic towers, designed by Joseph H. Freedlander, at important intersections between 14th and 57th Streets for a total cost of $126,000.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1922-06-20|title=Start New Towers for 5th Av. Traffic|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1922/06/20/archives/start-new-towers-for-5th-av-traffic-city-and-civic-leaders-break.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The traffic signals reduced travel time along Fifth Avenue between 34th and 57th Streets, from 40 minutes before the installation of the traffic towers to 15 minutes afterward.<ref name="nyt20140516" /> Freedlander's towers were removed in 1929 after they were deemed to be obstacles to the movement of traffic.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1929-02-02|title=Signal Towers to Go as 5th Av. Obstacles|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/02/02/archives/signal-towers-to-go-as-5th-av-obstacles-whalen-and-merchants-agree.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He was commissioned to design bronze traffic signals at the corners of these intersections, with statues of Mercury atop the signals. The Mercury signals survived through 1964,<ref name="nyt19970202" /> and some of the statues were restored in 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1971-05-13|title=Statuettes of Mercury Restored to Fifth Ave|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/13/archives/statuettes-of-mercury-restored-to-fifth-ave.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> === Mid-20th century to present === In 1954, rising traffic led to a proposal to limit use of the avenue to buses and taxis only.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sershen|first=John|date=1954-12-22|title=Restricted Fifth Avenue Traffic|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/12/22/archives/restricted-fifth-avenue-traffic.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On January 14, 1966, Fifth Avenue below 135th Street was changed to carry only one-way traffic southbound, and [[Madison Avenue]] was changed to one-way northbound. Both avenues had previously carried bidirectional traffic.<ref name="nyt19660112" /> Through the late 1960s and early 1970s, many of the upscale retailers that once lined Fifth Avenue's midtown section moved away or closed altogether.<ref name="NY1960">{{cite NY1960}}</ref>{{rp|390}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Barmash|first=Isadore|date=1970-10-03|title=Best & Co. Is Expected to Close, Speeding Evolution of 5th Ave.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/10/03/archives/best-co-is-expected-to-close-speeding-evolution-of-5th-ave.html|access-date=2021-06-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> According to a 1971 survey of the avenue, conducted by the Office of Midtown Planning under the leadership of [[Jaquelin T. Robertson]], only 57 percent of building frontages between 34th and 57th Street were used as stores. The remaining frontage, including was used for companies such as banks and airline ticket offices. The section between 34th and 42nd Street, once the main shopping district on Fifth Avenue, was identified in the survey as being in decline. The section between 42nd and 50th Street was characterized as having almost no ground-level retail. The section between 50th Street and [[Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)|Grand Army Plaza]] was identified as having a robust retail corridor that was starting to decay.<ref name="NY1960" />{{rp|390}} In February 1971, New York City mayor [[John Lindsay]] proposed a special [[zoning]] district to preserve the retail character of Fifth Avenue's midtown section. The legislation prescribed a minimum percentage of retail space for new buildings on Fifth Avenue, but it also provided "bonuses", such as additional floor area, for buildings that had more than the minimum amount of retail. The legislation also encouraged the construction of several mixed-use buildings with retail at the lowest stories, offices at the middle stories, and apartments at the top stories.<ref name="p133625773">{{cite news|date=10 Feb 1971|title=New York Proposes Zoning Law to Save Fifth Avenue Shops: Special Zoning District Would Require Ground-Floor Retail Outlets in All New Buildings|page=30|work=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|id={{ProQuest|133625773}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Stern|first=Michael|date=1971-02-10|title=A Plan to ‘Save’ 5th Ave.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/10/archives/a-plan-to-save-5th-ave-5th-ave-zoning-plan-calls-for-stores-and.html|access-date=2021-06-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The types of retail included in this legislation were strictly defined; for example, airline ticket offices and banks did not count toward the retail space. Furthermore, new skyscrapers on the eastern side of the avenue were allowed to be built up to the boundary of the sidewalk. To align with the buildings of [[Rockefeller Center]], new buildings on the western side had to contain a [[Setback (architecture)|setback]] at least {{Convert|50|ft}} deep at a height of {{Convert|85|ft}} or lower.<ref name="NY1960" />{{Rp|390, 392}} The [[New York City Planning Commission]] approved this legislation in March 1971.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Weisman|first=Steven B.|date=1971-03-04|title=Planners Vote Zone Plan To Save Fifth Ave. Stores|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/04/archives/planners-vote-zone-plan-to-save-fifth-ave-stores.html|access-date=2021-06-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The legislation was adopted that April.<ref name="p511211737">{{cite news|last=Scott|first=Gil|date=20 Apr 1971|title=New York's 'Fifth' may glow at night, too: Bonuses offered Restrictions seen Gallery-like setting? Apartments valued|page=B7|work=The Hartford Courant|id={{ProQuest|511211737}}}}</ref> Just before the legislation was enacted, [[American Airlines]] leased a ground-level storefront on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 53rd Street; Robertson initially disputed the move, even though it had been finalized before the legislation was proposed.<ref name="NY1960" />{{Rp|392}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Whitehouse|first=Franklin|date=1971-04-04|title=City and American Airlines at Odds Over Ticket Office in Old Georg Jensen Building on Fifth Avenue|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/04/archives/city-and-american-airlines-at-odds-over-ticket-office-in-old-georg.html|access-date=2021-06-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 1998, a midblock crosswalk was installed south of the intersection of Fifth Avenue and 50th Street, part of an experiment to allow vehicular traffic to turn without conflicting with pedestrians. At the time, it was one of a few midblock crosswalks in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Newman|first=Andy|date=1998-04-11|title=Barricade-Weary Pedestrians Welcome New Midblock Crosswalks|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/11/nyregion/barricade-weary-pedestrians-welcome-new-midblock-crosswalks.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The former southern crosswalk at Fifth Avenue and 50th Street was fenced off.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haberman|first=Clyde|date=1998-04-14|title=NYC; If Barricades Help Traffic, Proof Is Secret|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/14/nyregion/nyc-if-barricades-help-traffic-proof-is-secret.html|access-date=2021-05-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A similar crosswalk was later installed south of 49th Street. Both crosswalks were removed in 2019. ==Description== Fifth Avenue originates at [[Washington Square Park]] in [[Greenwich Village]] and runs northwards through the heart of [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]], along the eastern side of [[Central Park]], where it forms the boundary of the [[Upper East Side]] and through [[Harlem]], where it terminates at the [[Harlem River]] at 142nd Street. Traffic crosses the river on the [[Madison Avenue Bridge]]. Fifth Avenue serves as the dividing line for [[house numbering]] and west-east streets in Manhattan; for example, it separates East 59th Street from West 59th Street. Higher-numbered avenues such as [[Sixth Avenue]] are to the west of Fifth Avenue, while lower-numbered avenues such as [[Third Avenue]] are to the east.<ref name="nyt20170915"/> Address numbers on west-east streets increase in both directions as one moves away from Fifth Avenue. A hundred street address numbers were provided for every block to the east or west of Fifth Avenue; for instance, the addresses on West 50th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues were numbered 1–99 West 50th Street, and between Sixth and Seventh Avenues 100–199 West 50th Street.<ref name="nyt20170915">{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Keith|date=2017-09-15|title=Manhattan's Confusing Avenue Addresses (Published 2017)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/15/nyregion/manhattans-confusing-avenue-addresses.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The building lot numbering system worked similarly on the East Side before Madison and Lexington Avenues were added to the street grid laid out in the [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]]. Unlike at other avenues, west-east street addresses do not increment to the next hundred to the east of Madison and Lexington Avenues. The "most expensive street in the world" moniker changes depending on currency fluctuations and local economic conditions from year to year. For several years starting in the mid-1990s, the shopping district between 49th and [[57th Street (Manhattan)|57th Streets]] was ranked as having the world's most expensive retail spaces on a cost per square foot basis.<ref name="nytimes 19970429">Foderaro, Lisa W. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01EEDF1331F93AA15757C0A961958260 "Survey Reaffirms 5th Ave. at Top of the Retail Rent Heap"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 29, 1997. Retrieved February 5, 2008.</ref> In 2008, ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine ranked Fifth Avenue as being the most expensive street in the world. Some of the most coveted real estate on Fifth Avenue are the penthouses perched atop the buildings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.NYCPenthouses.com|title=- Manhattan NYC New York Penthouses for Sale and Rent. Manhattan Penthouse Apartments|website=www.nycpenthouses.com}}</ref> The [[American Planning Association]] (APA) compiled a list of "2012 Great Places in America" and declared Fifth Avenue to be one of the greatest streets to visit in America. This historic street has many world-renowned museums, businesses and stores, parks, luxury apartments, and historical landmarks that are reminiscent of its history and vision for the future.<ref>[http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/ Great Places in America]. Planning.org (February 24, 2011). Retrieved July 19, 2013.</ref> By 2018 portions of Fifth Avenue had large numbers of vacant store fronts for long periods, part of a citywide trend of vacant store fronts attributed to high rental costs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/09/06/nyregion/nyc-storefront-vacancy.html|title=The Empty Storefronts of New York: A Panoramic View|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|access-date=2018-10-17|language=en}}</ref> ===Traffic pattern=== Fifth Avenue from [[142nd Street (Manhattan)|142nd Street]] to [[135th Street (Manhattan)|135th Street]] carries [[Bidirectional traffic|two-way traffic]]. Fifth Avenue carries [[one-way traffic]] southbound from 143rd Street to 142nd Street and from 135th Street to [[Waverly Place (Manhattan)|Washington Square North]]. The changeover to one-way traffic south of 135th Street took place on January 14, 1966, at which time [[Madison Avenue (Manhattan)|Madison Avenue]] was changed to one way uptown (northbound).<ref name="nyt19660112">{{Cite news|last=Kihss|first=Peter|date=1966-01-12|title=5th and Madison Avenues Become One-Way Friday; Change to Come 7 Weeks Ahead of Schedule to Ease Strike Traffic 5th and Madison to Be Made One-Way Friday|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/01/12/archives/5th-and-madison-avenues-become-oneway-friday-change-to-come-7-weeks.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> From 124th Street to 120th Street, Fifth Avenue is cut off by [[Marcus Garvey Park]], with southbound traffic diverted around the park via Mount Morris Park West. [[File:US Navy 050317-N-5637H-001 Members of Naval Reserve Center Bronx's color guard march up Fifth Avenue in New York City (NYC), at the 244th Annual NYC St. Patrick's Day parade.jpg|thumb|267px|Members of Naval Reserve Center Bronx's color guard march up Fifth Avenue at the 244th Annual NYC St. Patrick's Day parade]] ====Parade route==== Fifth Avenue is the traditional route for many celebratory [[parade]]s in New York City; thus, it is closed to traffic on numerous Sundays in warm weather. The longest running parade is the annual St. Patrick's Day Parade. Parades held are distinct from the ''[[ticker-tape parade]]s'' held on the ''"[[Canyon of Heroes]]"'' on lower [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], and the [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]] held on Broadway from the [[Upper West Side]] downtown to [[Herald Square]]. Fifth Avenue parades usually proceed from south to north, with the exception of the [[LGBT Pride March (New York City)|LGBT Pride March]], which goes north to south to end in [[Greenwich Village]]. The Latino literary classic by New Yorker [[Giannina Braschi]], entitled "Empire of Dreams", takes place on the [[Puerto Rican Day Parade]] on Fifth Avenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/bookfest/author/giannina_braschi|title=Giannina Braschi|work=National Book Festival|publisher=Library of Congress|year=2012|quote=’Braschi, one of the most revolutionary voices in Latin America today’ is the author of Empire of Dreams.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Marting|first1=Diane|title= New/Nueva York in Giannina Braschi's 'Poetic Egg': Fragile Identity, Postmodernism, and Globalization|place=Indiana|publisher=The Global South|pages=167–182|date=2010}}.</ref> ====Bicycling route==== [[Cycling in New York City|Bicycling on Fifth Avenue]] ranges from segregated with a [[bike lane]] south of [[23rd Street (Manhattan)|23rd Street]], to scenic along [[Central Park]], to dangerous through Midtown with very heavy traffic during rush hours. There is no dedicated bike lane along most of Fifth Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/bikemap-2019.pdf|title=NYC DOT – Bicycle Maps|date=2019|website=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]]|publisher=[[New York City Department of Transportation]]|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> A protected bike lane south of 23rd Street was added in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-13|title=Here Are The Changes Coming To The Fifth Avenue Bike Lane|url=https://patch.com/new-york/gramercy-murray-hill/here-are-changes-coming-fifth-avenue-bike-lane|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Gramercy-Murray Hill, NY Patch|language=en}}</ref> and another protected lane for bidirectional bike traffic between 110th and 120th Streets was announced in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=staff/jake-offenhartz|date=2020-02-19|title=Here Are The New Protected Bike Lanes Coming To Manhattan In 2020|url=http://gothamist.com/news/here-are-new-protected-bike-lanes-coming-manhattan-year|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Gothamist|language=en}}</ref> In July 1987, then [[New York City Mayor]] [[Edward Koch]] proposed banning bicycling on Fifth, Park, and Madison Avenues during weekdays, but many bicyclists protested and had the ban overturned.<ref>Dunham, Mary Frances. [http://www.transalt.org/files/resources/blueprint/features/parkandmad.html "Bicycle Blueprint – Fifth, Park and Madison"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023623/http://www.transalt.org/files/resources/blueprint/features/parkandmad.html |date=March 4, 2016 }}, [[Transportation Alternatives]]. Retrieved April 27, 2009.</ref><ref name="Komanoff 2012">{{cite web|last=Komanoff|first=Charles|date=August 7, 2012|title=The Bicycle Uprising: Remembering the Midtown Bike Ban 25 Years Later|url=https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2012/08/07/the-bicycle-uprising-remembering-the-midtown-bike-ban-25-years-later/|access-date=May 12, 2021|website=Streetsblog New York City}}</ref> When the trial was started on August 24, 1987 for 90 days to ban bicyclists from these three avenues from 31st Street to 59th Street between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. on weekdays, [[mopeds]] would not be banned.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1987-08-25|title=Ban on Bikes Could Bring More Mopeds|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/25/nyregion/ban-on-bikes-could-bring-more-mopeds.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On August 31, 1987, a state appeals court judge halted the ban for at least a week pending a ruling after opponents against the ban brought a lawsuit.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1987-09-04|title=Bike Messengers: Life in Tight Lane (Published 1987)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/04/nyregion/bike-messengers-life-in-tight-lane.html|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===Public transportation=== ====Bus==== Fifth Avenue is one of the few major streets in Manhattan along which [[streetcar]]s did not operate. Instead, transportation along Fifth Avenue was initially provided by the [[Fifth Avenue Transportation Company]], which provided horse-drawn service from 1885 to 1896. It was replaced by [[Fifth Avenue Coach Company and Surface Transit|Fifth Avenue Coach]], which continued to offer bus service.<ref name="Untapped New York 2014">{{cite web|date=July 14, 2014|title=Where the Subway Won't Go: A Brief Transit History of Fifth Avenue, New York City|url=https://untappedcities.com/2014/07/14/where-the-subway-wont-go-a-brief-transit-history-of-fifth-avenue-new-york-city/|access-date=May 12, 2021|website=Untapped New York}}</ref><ref name="Report of the Public Service Commission for the First District of the State of New York 1910 p. 778">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qS4_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA778|title=Report of the Public Service Commission for the First District of the State of New York|publisher=J.B. Lyon Company, printers|year=1910|page=778|access-date=May 12, 2021}}</ref> Double-decker buses were operated by the Fifth Avenue Coach Company until 1953 and again by [[MTA Regional Bus Operations]] from 1976 to 1978.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Neuman|first=William|date=2008-05-23|title=Step to the Rear of the Bus, Please, or Take a Seat Upstairs|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/23/nyregion/23buses.html|access-date=2021-04-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A [[Bus lanes in New York City|bus lane for Fifth Avenue]] within Midtown was announced in 1982.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldman|first=Ari L.|date=1982-09-07|title=5th Ave. To Get Bus Lane Along Midtown Stretch|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/07/nyregion/5th-ave-to-get-bus-lane-along-midtown-stretch.html|access-date=2021-05-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Initially it ran from 59th to 34th Streets. The bus lane opened in June 1983 and was restricted to buses on weekdays from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Blair|first=William G.|date=1983-06-17|title=Koch Opens Bus Lane on 5th and Hails City Traffic Efforts|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/17/nyregion/koch-opens-bus-lane-on-5th-and-hails-city-traffic-efforts.html|access-date=2021-05-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In June 2020, mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] announced that the city would test out busways on Fifth Avenue from 57th to 34th Street.<ref name="Gartland 2020">{{cite web|last=Gartland|first=Michael|date=June 8, 2020|title=De Blasio announces 20 miles of new express MTA busways as NYC begins to reopen|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-de-blasio-nyc-transit-mta-busways-phase-one-20200608-b2ybwetkqfg5lapewbzw3xy67i-story.html|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=nydailynews.com}}</ref><ref name="The official website of the City of New York 2020">{{cite web|date=June 8, 2020|title=Better Buses Restart: Mayor de Blasio Announces Major Projects to Speed Buses During City’s Phased Reopening|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/417-20/better-buses-restart-mayor-de-blasio-major-projects-speed-buses-during-city-s-phased|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=The official website of the City of New York}}</ref> Despite a deadline of October 2020, the Fifth Avenue busway was not in place at that time.<ref name="Guse 2020">{{cite web|last=Guse|first=Clayton|date=December 7, 2020|title=De Blasio’s plan to add new ‘busways’ in NYC for essential workers falls short|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-busways-nyc-pandemic-dot-20201207-gbrtdidmozcbtbj6246rgpnbdu-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=February 21, 2021|website=New York Daily News}}</ref> Today, local bus service along Fifth Avenue is provided by the MTA's [[Fifth and Madison Avenues Line|M1, M2, M3, and M4 buses]]. The [[M5 (New York City bus)|M5]] and [[Q32 (New York City bus)|Q32]] also run on Fifth Avenue in Midtown, while the [[M55 (New York City bus)|M55]] runs on Fifth Avenue south of 44th Street.<ref>{{cite NYC bus map|M}}</ref> Numerous express buses from [[Brooklyn]], [[the Bronx]], and [[Staten Island]] also run along Fifth Avenue.<ref>See: {{bulleted list|{{cite NYC bus map|B}}|{{cite NYC bus map|Bx2}}|{{cite NYC bus map|S}}}}</ref> ====Subway==== The [[New York City Subway]] has never built a line underneath Fifth Avenue, likely because wealthy Fifth Avenue residents would have objected to any such line.<ref name="Untapped New York 2014" /> However, there are several subway stations along streets that cross Fifth Avenue:<ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref> *{{NYCS Broadway 60th}} at {{stn|Fifth Avenue–59th Street}} *{{NYCS Queens 53rd}} at {{stn|Fifth Avenue/53rd Street}} *{{NYCS Flushing}} at [[Fifth Avenue station (IRT Flushing Line)|Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street]] *{{NYCS Broadway local weekday}} at [[23rd Street station (BMT Broadway Line)|Fifth Avenue and 23rd Street]] ==Nicknames== [[File:Pratt Mansions 001.JPG|thumb|left|267px|1026–1028 Fifth Avenue, one of the few extant mansions on Millionaire's Row]] ===Upper Fifth Avenue/Millionaire's Row=== In the late 19th century, the very rich of New York began building mansions along the stretch of Fifth Avenue between 59th Street and [[96th Street (Manhattan)|96th Street]], looking onto Central Park. By the early 20th century, the portion of Fifth Avenue between 59th and 96th Streets had been nicknamed "[[Millionaire's Mile|Millionaire's Row]]", with mansions such as the [[Mrs. William B. Astor House]] and [[William A. Clark House]]. Entries to Central Park along this stretch include Inventor's Gate at 72nd Street, which gave access to the park's carriage drives, and Engineers' Gate at 90th Street, used by equestrians. A milestone change for Fifth Avenue came in 1916, when the grand corner mansion at 72nd Street and Fifth Avenue that [[James A. Burden Jr.]] had erected in 1893 became the first private mansion on Fifth Avenue above 59th Street to be demolished to make way for a grand apartment house. The building at [[907 Fifth Avenue]] began a trend, with its 12 stories around a central court, with two apartments to a floor.<ref>The smallest apartment was a half-floor, of 12 rooms; [http://www.thecityreview.com/ues/fifave/fif907.htm 907 Fifth Avenue].</ref> Its strong cornice above the fourth floor, just at the eaves height of its neighbors, was intended to soften its presence. In January 1922, the city reacted to complaints about the ongoing replacement of Fifth Avenue's mansions by apartment buildings by restricting the height of future structures to {{convert|75|ft|m}}, about half the height of a ten-story apartment building.<ref name="nytimes.com">J. E. R. Carpenter, The Architect Who Shaped Upper Fifth Avenue, New York Times, August 26, 2007, [[Christopher Gray]], [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/realestate/26scap.html]</ref> Architect [[J. E. R. Carpenter]] brought suit, and won a verdict overturning the height restriction in 1923. Carpenter argued that "the avenue would be greatly improved in appearance when deluxe apartments would replace the old-style mansions."<ref name="nytimes.com"/> Led by real estate investors [[Benjamin Winter, Sr.]] and Frederick Brown, the old mansions were quickly torn down and replaced with apartment buildings.<ref>[http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/239257 Entrepreneur Magazine: "Built for Business: Midtown Manhattan in the 1920s"]. Retrieved November 11, 2014</ref> This area contains many notable apartment buildings, including [[810 Fifth Avenue]] and the [[Park Cinq]], many of them built in the 1920s by architects such as [[Rosario Candela]] and [[J. E. R. Carpenter]]. A very few post-[[World War II]] structures break the unified limestone frontage, notably the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] between 88th and 89th Streets. [[File:Museum Mile Sign.jpg|right|thumb|267px|The Museum Mile street sign]] [[File:Metropolitan Museum of Art entrance NYC.JPG|thumb|right|267px|The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]]] ===Museum Mile=== Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 110th streets on the [[Upper East Side]],<ref>Ng, Diana. "Museum Mile" in {{cite enc-nyc2}}, p.867</ref><ref>Street signs saying "Museum Mile" actually extend to 80th Street. [https://www.google.com/maps/@40.7776203,-73.9632579,3a,37.5y,107.57h,90t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s7GYgDe4LxlZ8GGacHsNuhA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656!6m1!1e1 "Street View: 80th Street and Fifth Avenue, New York"] Google Maps</ref> in an area sometimes called Upper [[Carnegie Hill]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Reaching High on Upper 5th Avenue | date = October 21, 2011 | first = Laura | last = Kusisto | work = [[The Wall Street Journal]] | access-date = February 22, 2013 |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204618704576643022038133998 | archive-date = October 23, 2011 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111023171126/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204618704576643022038133998.html}}</ref> The Mile, which contains one of the densest displays of culture in the world, is actually three blocks longer than one mile (1.6&nbsp;km). Nine museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue.<ref name=mmilemus>{{cite web|url=http://www.museummilefestival.org/museums/|title=Museums on the Mile|access-date=June 24, 2011 | archive-date = January 1, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120101013336/http://www.museummilefestival.org/museums/ }}</ref> A ninth museum, the [[Museum for African Art]], joined the ensemble in 2009; its museum at [[110th Street (Manhattan)|110th Street]], the first new museum constructed on the Mile since the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|Guggenheim]] in 1959,<ref name="mafr">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/09/arts/design/09muse.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&adxnnlx=1171034919-Ngcv5cZscyaXSLcM4mrzXw&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin|title=Museum for African Art Finds its Place|access-date=July 15, 2008|date=February 9, 2007|author=Sewell Chan|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> opened in late 2012. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival to promote the museums and increase visitation.<ref name="drv">{{cite web|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F1FFA395D12728DDDAE0A94DE405B898BF1D3|title=New Drive Promoting 5th Ave.'s 'Museum Mile'|access-date=July 15, 2008|date=June 27, 1979|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The Museum Mile Festival traditionally takes place here on the second Tuesday in June from 6 – 9 p.m. It was established in 1979 by [[Lisa Taylor (museum director)|Lisa Taylor]] to increase public awareness of its member institutions and promote public support of the arts in New York City.<ref>"Museum Mile Festival held in New York" ''UPI NewsTrack'' (June 8, 2004.)</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1991-04-27|title=Lisa Taylor, former museum head, dies|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/27/Lisa-Taylor-former-museum-head-dies/1701672724800/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-09|website=UPI|language=en}}</ref> The first festival was held on {{start date|1979|6|26}}.<ref>New drive promoting Fifth Avenue's 'Museum Mile', ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 27, 1979.</ref> The nine museums are open free that evening to the public. Several of the participating museums offer outdoor art activities for children, live music and street performers.<ref>Fass, Allison and Murray, Liz (2000) "Talking to the Streets for Art" ''[[The New York Times]]'' June 11, 2000, p.17, col. 2.</ref> During the event, Fifth Avenue is closed to traffic. Museums on the mile include: *110th Street – [[The Africa Center]]<ref name=afart>{{cite news|last=Catton|first=Pia|title=Another Delay for Museum of African Art|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2011/06/14/another-delay-for-museum-of-african-art/|access-date=June 24, 2011|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 14, 2011}}</ref> *105th Street – [[El Museo del Barrio]] *103rd Street – [[Museum of the City of New York]] *92nd Street – [[Jewish Museum (Manhattan)|The Jewish Museum]] *91st Street – [[Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum]] (part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]) *89th Street – [[National Academy of Design|National Academy Museum]] and School of Fine Arts *88th Street – [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] *86th Street – [[Neue Galerie New York]] *82nd Street – [[Metropolitan Museum of Art|The Metropolitan Museum of Art]] Further south, on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 70th Street, lies the [[Henry Clay Frick House]], which houses the [[Frick Collection]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1783439269&ResourceType=Building |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130729154452/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1783439269&ResourceType=Building |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-07-29 |title=The Frick Collection and Frick Art Reference Library Building |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=2013-11-08 }}</ref> == Historical landmarks == {{See also|List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan|List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City|National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan}} Buildings on Fifth Avenue can have one of several types of official landmark designations: * The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] is the New York City agency that is responsible for identifying and designating the City's landmarks and the buildings in the City's historic districts. New York City landmarks (NYCL) can be categorized into one of several groups: individual (exterior), interior, and scenic landmarks.<ref>{{cite web | title=Landmark Types and Criteria - LPC | website=Welcome to NYC.gov | url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/lpc/designations/landmark-types-criteria.page | access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref> * The [[National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.<ref>{{cite web | title=How to List a Property | website=National Register of Historic Places (U.S. National Park Service) | date=November 26, 2019 | url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/how-to-list-a-property.htm | access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref> * The [[National Historic Landmark]] (NHL) focuses on places of significance in American history, architecture, engineering, or culture; all NHL sites are also on the NRHP.<ref>{{cite web | title=Eligibility | website=National Historic Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service) | date=August 29, 2018 | url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/eligibility.htm | access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref> * [[World Heritage Site]]s are designated by [[UNESCO]] as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and are legally protected by international treaties.<ref>{{cite web | last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | title=The Criteria for Selection | website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | date=October 11, 2017 | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/ | access-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref> === Individual landmarks === Below is a list of historic sites on Fifth Avenue, from north to south.<ref name="NYCL">{{cite web|url=https://nyclpc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=93a88691cace4067828b1eede432022b|title=Discover New York City Landmarks |publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission |via=[[ArcGIS]] |access-date= 2019-12-21}}</ref><ref name="NHL1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/NY01.pdf |title= National Historic Landmarks Program |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124220051/http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/NY01.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2011 }}</ref> Historic districts are not included in this table, but are mentioned in {{section link||Historic districts}}. Buildings within historic districts, but no individual landmark designation, are not included in this table. {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" !Name !class=unsortable|Image !Address !Cross-street !width=20|NHL !width=20|NRHP !width=20|NYCL !class=unsortable|Notes |- |[[369th Regiment Armory]] || [[File:369 Armory front partsun jeh.jpg|100px]] ||2366 Fifth Avenue || 142nd–143rd Streets || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1">{{NRISref|2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1390.pdf|title=369th Regiment Armory|date=May 14, 1985|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref> |- | [[St. Andrew's Episcopal Church (New York City)|St. Andrew's Church]] || [[File:St-andrews-episcopal-church-2067-fifth-ave.jpg|100px]] || 2067 Fifth Avenue || 127th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0294.pdf|title=Saint Andrew's Church|date=April 12, 1967|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref> |- | [[Harlem Fire Watchtower]] || [[File:Harlem-firetower.jpg|100px]] || [[Marcus Garvey Park]] || 122nd Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} ||<ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0313.pdf|title=Watch Tower|date=July 12, 1967|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Central Park]] || [[File:Central Park - The Pond (48377220157).jpg|100px]] || {{N/A}} || 60th<!-- not a typo -->–110th Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|scenic landmark}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref name="NHL1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0851.pdf|title=Central Park|date=April 16, 1974|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref> |- | [[Museum of the City of New York]] || [[File:Museum of the City of New York 1220 Fifth Avenue from west.jpg|100px]] || 1220–1227 Fifth Avenue || 103rd-104th Streets || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0440.pdf|title=Willard and Dorothy Whitney Straight House|date=1968-05-15|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Willard D. Straight House]] || [[File:1130 Fifth Avenue.jpg|100px]] || 1130 Fifth Avenue || 94th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0440.pdf|title=Willard and Dorothy Whitney Straight House|date=1968-05-15|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Felix M. Warburg House]] || [[File:Felix Warburg Mansio.jpg|100px]] || 1109 Fifth Avenue || 92nd Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1116.pdf|title=Felix M. Warburg House|date=1981-11-24|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Otto H. Kahn House]] || [[File:Otto Kahn Mansion 010 stitched.jpg|100px]] || 1100 Fifth Avenue (corner of) || 1 East 91st Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0675.pdf|title=Otto and Addie Kahn House|date=1974-02-19|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Andrew Carnegie Mansion]] || [[File:Cooper-hewitt 90 jeh.JPG|100px]] || 2 East 91st Street || 91st Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} ||<ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0674.pdf|title=Andrew and Louise Carnegie House|date=1974-02-19|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] || [[File:NYC - Guggenheim Museum.jpg|100px]] || 1009 Fifth Avenue || 82nd Street || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior and interior}} || Also designated as [[World Heritage Site|WHS]]<ref name="NHL1" /><ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1774.pdf|title=The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|date=August 14, 1990|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=June 18, 2019}} * {{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1775.pdf|title=The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum: Interior|date=August 14, 1990|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=June 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1496 |title=The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> |- | [[Duke Residence]] || [[File:1009 Fifth Avenue 004 crop.JPG|100px]] || 1009 Fifth Avenue || 82nd Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0805.pdf|title=1009 Fifth Avenue House|date=1974-02-19|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] || [[File:Metropolitan Museum of Art entrance NYC.JPG|100px]] || 1000 Fifth Avenue || 80th–84th Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior and interior}} || <ref name="NHL1" /><ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0410.pdf|title=Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=June 9, 1967|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=July 28, 2019}} * {{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0972.pdf|title=Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=November 19, 1977|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref> |- | [[998 Fifth Avenue]] || [[File:998 5th Ave.jpg|100px]] || 998 Fifth Avenue || 81st Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0429.pdf|title=998 Fifth Avenue Apartment House|date=1974-02-19|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Harry F. Sinclair House]] || [[File:Harry_F_Sinclair_House_9730.JPG|100px]] || 2 East 79th Street || 79th Street || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || <ref>{{cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=78001882}} |title="Harry F. Sinclair–Augustus Van Horne Stuyvesant Jr. House" (National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination)|format=pdf|date=June 1977|publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref> |- | [[Payne Whitney House]] || [[File:Payne Whitney House 003.JPG|100px]] || 972 Fifth Avenue || 78th–79th Streets, midblock || || || {{yes|exterior}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0737.pdf|title=Payne and Helen Hay Whitney House|date=1970-09-15|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[James B. Duke House]] || [[File:James B Duke House 001.JPG|100px]] || 1 East 78th Street || 78th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0668.pdf|title=James B. and Nanaline Duke House|date=1970-09-15|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Edward S. Harkness House]] || [[File:Harkness House, 1908.jpg|100px]] || 1 East 75th Street || 75th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0415.pdf|title=Edward S. and Mary Stillman Harkness House|date=1975-01-25|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Henry Clay Frick House]] || [[File:Henry_C_Frick_House_001.JPG|100px]] || 1 East 70th Street || 70th Street || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref name="NHL1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0667.pdf|title=Henry Clay and Adelaide Childs Frick House|date=1973-03-20|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Robert Livingston Beeckman House]] || [[File:Serbian Mission, 854 Fifth Avenue.jpg|100px]] || 854 Fifth Avenue || 66th–67th Streets, midblock || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0587.pdf|title=R. Livingston and Eleanor T. Beeckman House|date=1969-01-14|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Knickerbocker Club]] || [[File:Knickerbocker Club.JPG|100px]] || 2 East 62nd Street || 62nd Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1025.pdf|title=Knickerbocker Club Building |date=1979-09-11|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[The Metropolitan Club]] || [[File:Metro Club 5 Av jeh.jpg|100px]] || 2 East 60th Street || 60th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1020.pdf|title=Metropolitan Club Building |date=1979-09-11|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)|Grand Army Plaza]] || [[File:Sherman_gilded_jeh.JPG|100px]] || || 58th–60th Streets || || || {{yes|scenic landmark}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0851.pdf|title=Central Park|date=April 16, 1974|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref> |- | The Sherry-Netherland Sidewalk Clock || [[File:Sherry-clock.jpg|100px]] || [[The Sherry-Netherland|783 Fifth Avenue]] || 59th Street || || {{yes}} || || <ref name="nrhp1" /> |- | [[Plaza Hotel]] || [[File:New_York_-_Manhattan_-_Plaza_Hotel.jpg|100px]] || 768 Fifth Avenue || 58th–59th Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior and interior}} || <ref name="NHL1" /><ref name="nrhp1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0265.pdf|title=Plaza Hotel|date=1969-12-09|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}} * {{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2175.pdf|title=Plaza Hotel Interiors|date=July 12, 2005|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Bergdorf Goodman]] || [[File:Original_Store_-Bergdorf_Goodman_(48064048193).jpg|100px]] || 754 Fifth Avenue || 57th–58th Streets || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="NYCL-0735">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0735.pdf|title=Bergdorf Goodman|date=2016-12-13|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Coty Building]] || [[File:Coty building, No. 714 Fifth Avenue, Manhattan.jpg|100px]] || 714 Fifth Avenue || 55th–56th Streets, midblock || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1534.pdf|title=Coty Building|date=1985-01-29|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[712 Fifth Avenue]] || [[File:712FifthNYC.jpg|100px]] || 712 Fifth Avenue || 55th–56th Streets, midblock || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1533.pdf|title=712 Fifth Avenue Building|date=1985-01-29|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[The Peninsula New York]] || [[File:The_Peninsula_New_York_Entrance.jpg|100px]] || 696 Fifth Avenue || 55th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1697.pdf|title=Gotham Hotel|date=1989-06-06|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[St. Regis New York]] || [[File:St.RegisNYC.jpg|100px]] || 693 Fifth Avenue || 55th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1552.pdf|title=St. Regis Hotel|date=1988-11-01|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[689 Fifth Avenue|Aeolian Building]] || [[File:AeolianCorner.jpg|100px]] || 689 Fifth Avenue || 54th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2125.pdf|title=Aeolian Building|date=2002-12-10|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[University Club of New York]] || [[File:University_Club_of_New_York_jeh.jpg|100px]] || 1 West 54th Street || 54th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0263.pdf|title=University Club|date=1967-01-11|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan)|Saint Thomas Church]] || [[File:New_York_-_Manhattan_-_Saint_Thomas_Church.jpg|100px]] || Corner || 1 West 53rd Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0260.pdf|title=Saint Thomas Church and Parish House|date=1966-10-19|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Morton F. Plant House|Morton F. Plant & Edward Holbrook House]] || [[File:Cartier-ny1.jpg|100px]] || 653 Fifth Avenue || 52nd Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0271.pdf|title=Morton and Nellie Plant House and Edward and Frances Holbrook House |date=1970-07-14|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[647 Fifth Avenue|George W. Vanderbilt Residence]] || [[File:Cartier-ny1.jpg|100px]] || 647 Fifth Avenue || 52nd Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0954.pdf|title=George W. Vanderbilt Residence|date=March 22, 1977|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Rockefeller Center]] (including [[British Empire Building]], [[La Maison Francaise (Rockefeller Center)|La Maison Francaise]], [[International Building (Rockefeller Center)|International Building]]) || [[File:GE_Building_by_David_Shankbone.JPG|100px]] || 1–75 Rockefeller Plaza || 49th–51st Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|complex}} || <ref name="NHL1" /><ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1446.pdf|title=Rockefeller Center|date=1985-04-23|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)|St. Patrick's Cathedral]] || [[File:StPatCathExt1.jpg|100px]] || 460 Madison Avenue || 50th–51st Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="NHL1" /><ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0267.pdf|title=Saint Patrick's Cathedral Complex|date=1966-10-19|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Saks Fifth Avenue Building]] || [[File:Saks_Fifth_Avenue_(48155562261).jpg|100px]] || 611 Fifth Avenue || 49th–50th Streets || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1523.pdf|title=Saks Fifth Avenue|date=1984-12-20|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[608 Fifth Avenue|Goelet (Swiss Center) Building]] || [[File:The_Goelet_Building_(8191418358).jpg|100px]] || 608 Fifth Avenue || 49th–50th Streets || || || {{yes|exterior and interior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1810.pdf|title=Goelet Building|date=1992-01-14|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1811.pdf|title=Goelet Building (Interior)|date=1992-01-14|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Charles Scribner's Sons Building]] || [[File:Scribner1.jpg|100px]] || 597 Fifth Avenue || 48th Street || || || {{yes|exterior and interior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1100.pdf|title=Charles Scribner's Sons Building|date=1982-03-23|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}} * {{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1698.pdf|title=Charles Scribner's Sons Building [Interior]|date=July 11, 1989|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Fred F. French Building]] || [[File:Fred-f-french.jpg|100px]] || 551 Fifth Avenue || 45th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior and interior}} || <ref name="nrhp1"/><ref name="NYCL-1915">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1415.pdf|title=Fred F. French Building|date=1986-03-18|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1416.pdf|title=Fred F. French Building [Interior]|date=1986-03-18|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Sidewalk Clock, 522 Fifth Avenue]] || [[File:Clock 522 5th Av W44 sun jeh.jpg|100px]] || 522 Fifth Avenue || 44th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|object}} || <ref name="nrhp1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1171.pdf|title=Sidewalk Clock, 522 Fifth Avenue|date=August 25, 1981|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Manufacturers Trust Company Building]] || [[File:Manufacturers_Trust_Company_Building_510_Fifth_Avenue.jpg|100px]] || 510 Fifth Avenue || 43rd Street || || || {{yes|exterior and partial interior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1968.pdf|title=Manufacturers Trust Company Building|date=1997-10-21|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}} * {{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2467.pdf|title=Manufacturers Trust Company Building, First and Second Floor Interiors|date=February 15, 2011|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[500 Fifth Avenue]] || [[File:500_Fifth_Avenue_Panorama.jpg|100px]] || 500 Fifth Avenue || 42nd Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2427.pdf|title=500 Fifth Avenue Building|date=2010-12-14|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[New York Public Library Main Branch]] || [[File:New_York_Public_Library_May_2011.JPG|100px]] || 476 Fifth Avenue || 40th–42nd Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior and partial interior}} || <ref name="NHL1" /><ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web | title = New York Public Library | url = http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/NY-PUBLIC-LIBRARY-5TH-AVE.pdf | publisher = [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] | date = January 11, 1967 |access-date=2019-12-06}} * {{cite web | title = New York Public Library: Main Lobby, the North and South Staircases from the First Floor to the Third Floor, and the Central Hall on the Third Floor | url = http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/MAIN-LIBRARY-INTERIOR.pdf | publisher = [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] | date = November 12, 1974 |access-date=2019-12-06}} * {{cite web | first = Matthew A. | last = Postal | url = http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2592.pdf | title = New York Public Library (Stephen A. Schwarzman Building) Interiors, Main Reading Room and Catalog Room | publisher = [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] | date = August 8, 2017 |access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Knox Building (New York, New York)|Knox Building]] || [[File:Knox-building.jpg|100px]] || 452 Fifth Avenue || 40th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1091.pdf|title=Knox Building|date=1980-09-23|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Lord & Taylor Building]] || [[File:Lord_and_Taylor_jeh.JPG|100px]] || 424 Fifth Avenue || 38th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2271.pdf|title=Lord & Taylor Building|date=October 30, 2007|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Stewart & Company Building]] || [[File:Stewart_404_5th_jeh.JPG|100px]] || 402 Fifth Avenue || 37th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2185.pdf|title=Stewart & Company Building|date=2006-04-18|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Tiffany and Company Building]] || [[File:Tiffany-lower.jpg|100px]] || 401 Fifth Avenue || 37th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1624.pdf|title=Tiffany & Company Building|date=February 16, 1988|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[390 Fifth Avenue]] || [[File:Gorham_390_5th_jeh.JPG|100px]] || 390 Fifth Avenue || 36th Street || || || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2027.pdf|title=Gorham Building|date=December 15, 1998|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[B. Altman and Company Building]] || [[File:CUNY Graduate Center by David Shankbone.jpg|100px]] || 355–371 Fifth Avenue || 34th–35th Streets || || || {{yes}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1274.pdf|title=B. Altman and Company Department Store|date=1985-03-12|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Empire State Building]] || [[File:Empire_State_Building_(aerial_view).jpg|100px]] || 350 Fifth Avenue || 33rd–34th Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior and partial interior}} ||<ref name="NHL1" /><ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2000.pdf|title=Empire State Building|date=May 19, 1981|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}} * {{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2001.pdf|title=Empire State Building [Interior]|date=May 19, 1981|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[The Wilbraham]] || [[File:Wilbraham_284_Fifth_Avenue.jpg|100px]] || 284 Fifth Avenue || 30th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2153.pdf|title=The Wilbraham|date=2004-06-08|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Marble Collegiate Church]] || [[File:Marble_Church_NYC.jpg|100px]] || 272 Fifth Avenue || 29th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0234.pdf|title=Marble Collegiate Church|date=1967-01-11|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Sidewalk Clock, 200 Fifth Avenue]] || [[File:Clock_200_Fifth_Av_jeh.JPG|100px]] || 200 Fifth Avenue || 24th Street || || {{yes}} || {{yes|object}} || <ref name="nrhp1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1172.pdf|title=Sidewalk Clock, 200 Fifth Avenue|date=August 25, 1981|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Flatiron Building]] || [[File:Edificio_Fuller_(Flatiron)_en_2010_desde_el_Empire_State_crop_boxin.jpg|100px]] || 173–185 Fifth Avenue || 22nd–23rd Streets || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref name="NHL1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0219.pdf|title=Flatiron Building|date=1966-09-29|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Scribner Building]] || [[File:Scribner-building.jpg|100px]] || 153–157 Fifth Avenue || 21st–22nd Streets, midblock || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0935.pdf|title=Scribner Building|date=1976-09-14|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |- | [[Salmagundi Club]] || [[File:Salmagundi-club-47-5th-avenue.JPG|100px]] || 47 Fifth Avenue || 11th–12th Streets, midblock || || {{yes}} || {{yes|exterior}} || <ref name="nrhp1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0009.pdf|title=Irad Hawley House|date=1969-09-09|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> |} === Historic districts === There are numerous historic districts through which Fifth Avenue passes. Buildings in these districts with individual landmark designations are described in {{section link||Individual landmarks}}. From north to south, the districts are: * The [[Carnegie Hill Historic District]], a city landmark district, which covers 400 buildings, primarily along Fifth Avenue from 86th to 98th Street, as well as on side streets extending east to Madison, Park, and Lexington Avenues.<ref name="NYCL-1834">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1834.pdf|title=Expanded Carnegie Hill Historic District|date=December 21, 1993|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>{{Rp|3}} * The Metropolitan Museum Historic District, a city landmark district, which consists of properties on Fifth Avenue between 79th and 86th Streets, outside the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as well as properties on several side streets.<ref name="NYCL-0955">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0955.pdf|title=Metropolitan Museum Historic District|date=September 20, 1977|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} * The [[Upper East Side Historic District]], a city and NRHP district. The city district runs from 59th to 78th Streets along Fifth Avenue, and up to Third Avenue at some points.<ref name="NYCL-1081">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1051.pdf|title=Upper East Side Historic District|date=May 19, 1981|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>{{Rp|3}}<ref name="NYCL-2373">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2373.pdf|title=Upper East Side Historic District Extension|date=March 23, 2010|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref>{{Rp|4}} * The [[Madison Square North Historic District]], a city landmark district, which covers 96 buildings from 25th to 29th Streets around Broadway, Fifth Avenue, and side streets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2097.pdf|title=Madison Square North Historic District|date=June 26, 2001|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> * The [[Ladies' Mile Historic District]], a city landmark district, which covers 440 buildings from roughly 15th Street to 24th Street and from [[Park Avenue South]] to west of [[Sixth Avenue]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1609.pdf|title=Ladies' Mile Historic District|date=May 2, 1989|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> * The [[Greenwich Village Historic District]], a city landmark district, which covers much of Greenwich Village and includes almost all buildings on Fifth Avenue south of 12th Street.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0489.pdf|title=Greenwich Village Historic District|date=April 29, 1969|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> In the 1980s, there was also a proposal for a historic district on Fifth Avenue between 48th and 58th Streets. At the time, St. Patrick's Cathedral, St. Thomas Church, the Cartier Building at number 651, the University Club, the Rizzoli Building at number 712, and the Coty Building at number 714 were official city landmarks. However, other structures on that strip had no protection yet, including Rockefeller Center, the Elizabeth Arden Building at 689 Fifth Avenue, the St. Regis Hotel, the Peninsula Hotel, and the Bergdorf Goodman Building.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shepard|first=Joan|date=1985-02-13|title=Developers' lust decried|pages=119|work=New York Daily News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79056117/developers-lust-decried/|access-date=2021-06-06|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> === Other === In addition, the [[housing cooperative|cooperative apartment building]] at 2 Fifth Avenue was named a New York cultural landmark on December 12, 2013 by the Historic Landmark Preservation Center, as the last residence of former New York City Mayor [[Ed Koch]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Koch's Last Residence Is Named a Cultural Landmark| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/12/kochs-last-residence-is-named-a-cultural-landmark/ | last=Roberts| first=Sam| work=The New York Times| date=12 December 2013| access-date=2015-05-14}}</ref> ==Economy== [[File:Fifth Avenue looking north from 51st Street Manhattan.jpeg|thumb|right|Fifth Avenue looking north from 51st Street. This section of the street contains numerous boutiques and flagship stores.]] Between [[49th Street (Manhattan)|49th Street]] and [[60th Street (Manhattan)|60th Street]], Fifth Avenue is lined with prestigious boutiques and flagship stores and is consistently ranked among the most expensive shopping streets in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/21/the-worlds-most-expensive_1_n_733301.html|title=Fifth Avenue The World's Most Expensive Shopping Street (PHOTOS) (Subtext: "For the 9th year in a row, Fifth Avenue between 49th and 60th Streets ranks first among Cushman & Wakefield's Main Streets Across the World Report, according to the New York Post.")|publisher=HuffingtonPost.com, Inc|date=September 21, 2010|access-date=October 23, 2010}}</ref> Many [[luxury goods]], [[fashion]], and sport [[brand]] boutiques are on Fifth Avenue, including [[Louis Vuitton]], [[Tiffany & Co.]] (whose [[Tiffany & Co. flagship store|flagship]] is at 57th Street), [[Gucci]], [[Prada]], [[Armani]], [[Tommy Hilfiger Corporation|Tommy Hilfiger]], [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]], [[Omega SA|Omega]], [[Chanel]], [[Harry Winston, Inc.|Harry Winston]], [[Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A.|Salvatore Ferragamo]], [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[Escada]], [[Rolex]], [[Bulgari|Bvlgari]], [[Emilio Pucci]], [[Ermenegildo Zegna]], [[Abercrombie & Fitch]], [[Hollister Co.]], [[De Beers]], [[Emanuel Ungaro]], [[Gap Inc.|Gap]], [[Versace]], Lindt Chocolate Shop, [[Henri Bendel]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Store, [[Oxxford Clothes]], [[Microsoft Store (retail)|Microsoft Store]], [[Sephora]], [[Tourneau]], and [[Wempe]]. Luxury department stores include [[Saks Fifth Avenue]] and [[Bergdorf Goodman]]. Fifth Avenue also is home to an [[Apple Store]]. Many [[airline]]s at one time had ticketing offices along Fifth Avenue. In the years leading up to 1992, the number of ticketing offices along Fifth Avenue decreased. [[Pan American World Airways]] went out of business, while [[Air France]], [[Finnair]], and [[KLM]] moved their ticket offices to other areas in [[Midtown Manhattan]].<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/realestate/postings-air-france-takes-flight-au-revoir-fifth-avenue.html?pagewanted=1 POSTINGS: Air France Takes Flight; Au Revoir, Fifth Avenue]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. May 24, 1992. Page 101, New York Edition. Retrieved February 13, 2010.</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed" heights="175px"> File:(King1893NYC) pg319 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF FIFTH AVENUE; NORTH OF 51ST STREET.jpg|Bird's-eye view looking north from 51st St. c. 1893 File:New York NY 5th Ave Presby PHS821.jpg|Street view looking north from 51st St. c. 1895 File:5 Av 51 St North March 2015b jeh.jpg|The same shot in March 2015 </gallery><gallery mode="packed" heights="225px"> File:Christmasonfifthavenue 1896.jpg|Christmas on Fifth Avenue in 1896 File:5thavenue1.jpg|Fifth Avenue, 1918 </gallery><gallery mode="packed" heights="234px"> File:Washington Square by Matthew Bisanz.JPG|Fifth Avenue begins at the [[Washington Square Arch]] in [[Washington Square Park]] File:Manhattan Central Park Richard Morris Hunt Memorial.JPG|Memorial to New York architect [[Richard Morris Hunt]], Fifth Avenue between 70th and 71st Streets File:Plaza Hotel.jpg| The [[Plaza Hotel]], c.1907 </gallery> ==See also== {{portal|New York City}} * [[List of shopping streets and districts by city]] * [[Jerome Avenue]], a shopping street and major thoroughfare in [[the Bronx]] * [[Fifth Avenue Mile]], annual road race ==References== '''Notes''' {{reflist|2}} '''Further reading''' *{{cite book|last=Gaines|first=Steven|title=The Sky's the Limit: Passion and Property in Manhattan|year=2005|publisher=Little, Brown|location=New York|isbn=0-316-60851-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/skyslimitpassion00gain}} *{{cite web | url = http://www.ny.com/museums/mile.html | title = Museum Mile | publisher = NY.com | access-date = February 22, 2013}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2003/04/13/AR2005041501248_pf.html|title=Museum Mile High|access-date=July 15, 2008|date=April 13, 2003|first=Sean| last = Daly|work=[[The Washington Post]]}} (Note: Erroneously states the northern boundary of Museum Mile is East 104th Street.) == External links == {{commons category|5th Avenue (Manhattan)}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170107163507/http://www.newyorkimage.us/New-York-5-Ave-NYC/index.htm Fifth Avenue Photos] * [http://www.visit5thavenue.com Fifth Avenue Directory and Images] * [http://www.paradeonfifth.org Greek Independence Day Parade, Fifth Avenue] * [http://www.nysonglines.com/5av.htm New York Songlines: Fifth Avenue] * [http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/ APA Great Places in America] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110124220051/http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/NY01.pdf National Historic Landmarks in New York State] <!--spacing--> {{Fifth Avenue}} {{Central Park}} {{Streets of Manhattan}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Fifth Avenue| ]] [[Category:Streets in Manhattan|*05]] [[Category:Economy of New York City]] [[Category:Art gallery districts]] [[Category:Culture of Manhattan]] [[Category:Museum districts]] [[Category:Museums in Manhattan]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Manhattan]] [[Category:East Harlem]] [[Category:Flatiron District]] [[Category:Greenwich Village]] [[Category:Harlem]] [[Category:Midtown Manhattan]] [[Category:Upper East Side]]'