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{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Nat King Cole
| image = File:Nat King Cole 1959.JPG
| caption = Nat King Cole, 1959
| birth_name = Nathaniel Adams Coles
| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|03|17}}
| birth_place = [[Montgomery, Alabama]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1965|02|15|1919|03|17}}
| death_place = [[Santa Monica, California]], U.S.
| genre = {{hlist|[[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]|[[jazz]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianapublicmedia.org/afterglow/nat-king-coles-remarkable-1958.php|title=Nat King Cole Centennial: Cole's Remarkable 1958|last=Chilla|first=Mark|publisher=Indiana Public Media|date=March 22, 2019|access-date=March 8, 2020}}</ref>}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|musician|actor}}
| instrument = {{hlist|Piano|vocals}}
| years_active = 1934–1965
| label = {{hlist|[[Ammor Records|Ammor]]|[[Excelsior Records|Excelsior]]|[[Decca Records|Decca]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]}}
| associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Oscar Moore]]|[[Irving Ashby]]|[[John Collins (jazz guitarist)|John Collins]]|[[Dinah Washington]]}}
}}
'''Nathaniel Adams Coles''' <!-- NOT AN ERROR, it was actually "Coles" -->(March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965), known professionally as '''Nat King Cole''', was an American singer, jazz pianist, and actor. He recorded over 100 songs that became hits on the pop charts. His trio was the model for small jazz ensembles that followed. Cole also acted in films and on television and performed on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]. He was the first [[African-American]] man to host an American television series. He was the father of singer-songwriter [[Natalie Cole]] (1950–2015).
==Biography==
===Early life===
Nathaniel Adams Coles was born in [[Montgomery, Alabama]], on March 17, 1919.<ref>[http://www.nat-king-cole.org/biography.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213054338/http://www.nat-king-cole.org/biography.html|date=February 13, 2007}}</ref> He had three brothers: [[Eddie Cole|Eddie]] (1910–1970), [[Ike Cole|Ike]] (1927–2001), and [[Freddy Cole|Freddy]] (1931–2020),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.npr.org/programs/jazzprofiles/archive/cole_f.html|title=NPR's Jazz Profiles: Freddy Cole |website=www.npr.org|access-date=June 16, 2021}}</ref> and a half-sister, Joyce Coles.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2015/06/12/how-i-got-the-jazz-gene-seven-artists-reveal-their-roots.html |title=How I got the jazz gene: seven artists reveal their roots|newspaper=The Toronto Star|date=June 12, 2015|access-date=May 26, 2017|last1=Crawford|first1=Trish}}</ref> Each of the Cole brothers pursued careers in music.<ref name=":0" /> When Nat King Cole was four years old, the family moved to [[Chicago]], Illinois, where his father, Edward Coles, became a [[Baptists|Baptist]] minister.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/38486512/ |title=The Pittsburgh Courier from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on February 13, 1965 · Page 2 |work= Newspapers.com |access-date=May 26, 2017}}</ref>
Cole learned to play the organ from his mother, Perlina Coles, the church organist.<ref name="Jr.2011">{{cite book|last=Hornsby Jr. |first=Alton |title=Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TkGMnE6g1qMC&pg=PA12 |date=August 23, 2011| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-0-313-34112-0|pages=12–}}</ref> His first performance was "[[Yes! We Have No Bananas]]" at the age of four.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-nat-king-cole-19650216-story.html |title=From the Archives: Nat 'King' Cole dies of cancer at 45|date=February 16, 1965|work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 26, 2017 |issn=0458-3035}}</ref> He began formal lessons at 12,<ref name="LLC1990">{{cite book|author=SPIN Media |title=SPIN |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KFnjqV3F0AC&pg=RA1-PA2002|date=June 1990|publisher=SPIN Media |pages=1– }}</ref> learning jazz, gospel, and classical music on piano "from [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] to [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]".<ref name="Ruuth1992">{{cite book |last=Ruuth |first=Marianne |title=Nat King Cole|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-k6G_T83wRIC&pg=PA32 |year=1992|publisher=Holloway House Publishing|isbn=978-0-87067-593-5|pages=32–}}</ref> As a youth, he joined the news delivery boys' "[[Bud Billiken Club]]" band for ''[[The Chicago Defender]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2018/8/9/18394524/bud-billiken-day-parade-reaches-89th-year |title=Bud Billiken Day Parade reaches 89th year |last=Hinton |first=Rachel |date=August 9, 2018 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref>
The Cole family moved to the [[Bronzeville, Chicago|Bronzeville]] neighborhood of Chicago,<ref name="Jr.2007">{{cite book|last= Brewer Jr. |first=John M.|title=Pittsburgh Jazz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_P7HunpICbYC&pg=PT37|date=June 20, 2007| publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1-4396-3464-6|pages=37–}}</ref> where he attended [[Wendell Phillips Academy High School]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-12-15/news/0212150244_1_new-uniforms-harlem-globetrotters-american-stock-exchange |title=Phillips High School is cradle of history|work=tribunedigital-chicagotribune|access-date=May 26, 2017}}</ref> the school [[Sam Cooke]] attended a few years later.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2006/01/19/5163408/tracing-the-highs-and-tragic-end-of-sam-cooke|title=Tracing the Highs and Tragic End of Sam Cooke|newspaper=NPR.org|access-date= May 26, 2017}}</ref> He participated in [[Walter Dyett]]'s music program at [[DuSable High School]].<ref name="Bonner2011">{{cite book |last=Bonner |first=Wilma F.|title=The Sumner Story: Capturing Our History Preserving Our Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bb7OdRybtIC&pg=PA162 |date=January 1, 2011 |publisher=Morgan James Publishing |isbn=978-1-60037-782-2 |pages=162–}}</ref> He would sneak out of the house to visit clubs, sitting outside to hear [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Earl Hines]], and [[Jimmie Noone]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.historychannel.com.au/articles/nat-king-cole-is-born/ |title=Nat "King" Cole Is Born |date=June 20, 2016 |work=History Channel |access-date=May 26, 2017}}</ref>
===Early career===
[[File:(Portrait of Nat King Cole, Paramount Theater, New York, N.Y., ca. Nov. 1946) (LOC) (4931764947).jpg|thumb|left|Nat King Cole, Paramount Theater, New York City, November 1946]]
When he was 15, Cole dropped out of high school to pursue a music career. After his brother Eddie, a bassist, came home from touring with [[Noble Sissle]], they formed a sextet and recorded two singles for [[Decca Records|Decca]] in 1936 as Eddie Cole's Swingsters. They performed in a revival of the musical ''[[Shuffle Along]]''. Nat Cole went on tour with the musical. In 1937, he married Nadine Robinson, who was a member of the cast. After the show ended in Los Angeles, Cole and Nadine settled there while he looked for work. He led a big band, then found work playing piano in nightclubs. When a club owner asked him to form a band, he hired bassist [[Wesley Prince]] and guitarist [[Oscar Moore]]. They called themselves the King Cole Swingsters after the nursery rhyme in which "[[Old King Cole|Old King Cole was a merry old soul]]". They changed their name to the King Cole Trio before making [[transcription disc|radio transcription]]s and recording for small labels.<ref name="Ruhlmann">{{cite web|last1=Ruhlmann|first1=William|title=Nat King Cole| url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nat-king-cole-mn0000317093/biography|website=AllMusic|access-date=February 22, 2018}}</ref>
Cole recorded "[[Sweet Lorraine]]" in 1940, and it became his first hit.<ref name="Yanow Swing">{{cite book|last1=Yanow|first1=Scott|title=Swing|date=2000|publisher=Miller Freeman|location=San Francisco|isbn=978-0-87930-600-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/swing00yano/page/203 203]|url=https://archive.org/details/swing00yano/page/203}}</ref> According to legend, his career as a vocalist started when a drunken bar patron demanded that he sing the song. Cole said that this fabricated story sounded good, so he didn't argue with it. In fact, there was a customer one night who demanded that he sing, but because it was a song Cole didn't know, he sang "Sweet Lorraine" instead. As people heard Cole's vocal talent, they requested more vocal songs, and he obliged.<ref name="Intimate">{{cite book|last1=Cole| first1=Maria| title=Nat King Cole: An Intimate Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/natkingcoleintim00cole|url-access=registration|date=September 1971|publisher= William Morrow|isbn=978-0688021535}}</ref>
===1940s===
In 1941, the trio recorded "That Ain't Right" for Decca, followed the next year by "All for You" for [[Excelsior Records|Excelsior]].<ref name="Ruhlmann" /> They also recorded "[[I'm Lost]]", a song written by [[Otis René]], the owner of Excelsior.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315223539/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT85&lpg=PT85&dq=%22Excelsior+Records%22+Rene&source=bl&ots=WGb7s0l1Un&sig=4d9p5VXP5s9T0nsJFji0eYTXagY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FyZHT9rsHIHh0QHww_WCDg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA "Buck-Five Disk of Indies Seen Different Ways"]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. September 1, 1945. Retrieved February 24, 2012.</ref>
{{quote |quote=I started out to become a jazz pianist; in the meantime I started singing and I sang the way I felt and that's just the way it came out.|source=Nat King Cole, Voice of America interview, c.1956.<ref name=pc22>{{Gilliland |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19775/m1/ |title=Show 22 – Smack Dab in the Middle on Route 66: A Skinny Dip in the Easy Listening Mainstream. [Part 1] |show=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1692127/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402023122/http://www.library.unt.edu/music/special-collections/john-gilliland/index-to-interviews | archive-date=April 2, 2009 |title=Pop Chronicles Interviews #131 - Nat "King" Cole |work=[[Pop Chronicles]] |publisher=University of North Texas Libraries}}</ref>}}
Cole appeared in the first [[Jazz at the Philharmonic]] concerts in 1944. He was credited on [[Mercury Records|Mercury]] as "Shorty Nadine", a derivative of his wife's name, because he had an exclusive contract with [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Holmes, Roy|author2=Windisch, Simon|url=http://highstreets.co.uk/kcc/html/biograph.htm|title=Nat King Cole Biography|website=Highstreets.co.uk|access-date=January 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116040836/http://highstreets.co.uk/kcc/html/biograph.htm|archive-date=January 16, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> since signing with the label the year before. He recorded with [[Illinois Jacquet]] and [[Lester Young]].<ref name="Yanow Swing" />
[[File:Nat King Cole Oscar Moore Johnny Miller King Cole Trio 1947.JPG|thumb|right|180px|''King Cole Trio Time'' on NBC with Cole on piano, Oscar Moore on guitar, and Johnny Miller on double bass, 1947]]
In 1946, the trio broadcast ''King Cole Trio Time'', a 15-minute radio program. This was the first radio program to be sponsored by a black musician. Between 1946 and 1948, the trio recorded [[transcription disc|radio transcription]]s for Capitol Records Transcription Service.<ref>{{cite news|title=Capitol Transcriptions ad| url= http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1948/1948-06-28-BC.pdf|access-date=December 22, 2014| agency= Broadcasting|date=June 28, 1948}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jerry Haendiges Vintage Radio Logs| url= http://www.otrsite.com/logs/logk1025.htm/|access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref> They also performed on the radio programs ''Swing Soiree'', ''[[Lorillard Tobacco Company|Old Gold]]'', ''[[The Chesterfield Supper Club]]'', ''[[Kraft Music Hall]]'', and ''[[The Orson Welles Almanac]]''.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Radio%20Almanac |title=Radio Almanac |publisher= RadioGOLDINdex| access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Almanac Part 1">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/1944OrsonWellesRadioAlmanacpart1 |title=Orson Welles Almanac — Part 1 |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref>
Cole began recording and performing pop-oriented material in which he was often accompanied by a [[string orchestra]]. His stature as a popular star was cemented by hits such as "All for You" (1943), "[[The Christmas Song]]" (1947),<ref>Cole recorded "The Christmas Song" four times — on June 14, 1946, with the Nat King Cole Trio; on August 19, 1946, with an added string section; on August 24, 1953; and in 1961 for the double album ''The Nat King Cole Story''. The final version, recorded in stereo, is the one most often heard today.</ref> "[[Route 66 (song)|(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66]]", "[[(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons]]" (1946), "[[There! I've Said It Again]]" (1947), "[[Nature Boy]]" (1948), "[[Frosty The Snowman]]", "[[Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)|Mona Lisa]]" (No. 1 song of 1950), "[[Orange Colored Sky]]" (1950), "[[Too Young (Sidney Lippman and Sylvia Dee song)|Too Young]]" (No. 1 song of 1951).<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+Hot+100&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1951 |title=''Billboard'' website |magazine=Billboard.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>
=== 1950s ===
On June 7, 1953, Cole performed for the famed ninth [[Cavalcade of Jazz]] concert held at [[Wrigley Field]] in Chicago which was produced by [[Leon Hefflin, Sr.]] Also featured that day were [[Roy Brown (blues musician)|Roy Brown]] and his Orchestra, [[Shorty Rogers]], [[Earl Bostic]], [[Don Tosti]] and His Mexican Jazzmen, and [[Louis Armstrong]] and his All Stars with [[Velma Middleton]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Black music history of Los Angeles, its roots : 50 years in Black music : a classical pictorial history of Los Angeles Black music of the 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s : photographic essays that define the people, the artistry and their contributions to the wonderful world of entertainment|last=Reed, Tom.|date=1992|publisher=Black Accent on L.A. Press|isbn=096329086X|edition=1st, limited|location=Los Angeles|oclc=28801394}}</ref><ref>"Nat King Cole Star of Cavalcade" Headliner AD Los Angeles Sentinel May 28, 1953.</ref>
On November 5, 1956, ''The Nat 'King' Cole Show'' debuted on NBC. The variety program was one of the first hosted by an African American.<ref name="Smithsonian">{{cite web|last1=Chilton|first1=Karen|title=Hazel Scott's Lifetime of High Notes|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/womens-history/hazel-scotts-lifetime-of-high-notes-145939027/|website=smithsonian.com|publisher=Smithsonian|access-date=November 30, 2016|date=October 15, 2009|quote= [Hazel Scott was] the first black performer to host her own nationally syndicated television show....}}</ref> The program started at a length of fifteen-minutes but was increased to a half-hour in July 1957. [[Rheingold Beer]] was a regional sponsor, but a national sponsor was never found. The show was in trouble financially despite efforts by NBC, [[Harry Belafonte]], [[Tony Bennett]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Eartha Kitt]], [[Frankie Laine]], [[Peggy Lee]], and [[Mel Tormé]].<ref name=Shulman>{{cite book |last1=Shulman |first1=Arthur |last2=Youman |first2=Roger|title=How Sweet It Was. Television: A Pictorial Commentary|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/howsweetitwastel0000shul |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter= Chapter 3: The Sounds of Music|year=1966 |publisher=Bonanza Books, Crown Publishers|isbn=9780517081358 }} (unpaginated).</ref> Cole decided to end the program. The last episode aired on December 17, 1957.<ref name="Gourse">{{cite book |last1=Gourse |first1=Leslie |title=Unforgettable : the life and mystique of Nat King Cole |url=https://archive.org/details/unforgettable00lesl |url-access=registration |date=1991 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/unforgettable00lesl/page/185 185] |isbn=9780312078775 |quote=The network supported this show from the beginning. From Mr. Sarnoff on down, they tried to sell it to agencies. They could have dropped it after the first thirteen weeks. Shows that made more money than mine were dropped. They offered me a new time at 7:00 p.m. on Saturdays on a cooperative basis, but I decided not to take it. I feel played out.}}</ref> Commenting on the lack of sponsorship, Cole said shortly after its demise, "[[Madison Avenue#Advertising industry|Madison Avenue]] is afraid of the dark."<ref>[http://www.quotesstar.com/quotes/m/madison-avenue-is-afraid-of-171261.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107135845/http://www.quotesstar.com/quotes/m/madison-avenue-is-afraid-of-171261.html|date=November 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://adage.com/article?article_id=133638 |title=Study: Ad Agencies Exhibit 'Pervasive Racial Discrimination' | News |website=AdAge.com |date=January 8, 2009 |access-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref>
Throughout the 1950s, Cole continued to record hits that sold millions throughout the world, such as "[[Smile (Charlie Chaplin song)|Smile]]", "[[Pretend (1952 song)|Pretend]]", "[[A Blossom Fell]]", and "If I May". His pop hits were collaborations with [[Nelson Riddle]],<ref name=pc22/> [[Gordon Jenkins]], and [[Ralph Carmichael]]. Riddle arranged several of Cole's 1950s albums, including ''Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love'' (1953), his first 10-inch LP. In 1955, "[[Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup]]" reached number 7 on the ''Billboard'' chart. ''[[Love Is the Thing]]'' went to number one in April 1957 and remained his only number one album.
In 1959, he received a Grammy Award for [[Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Song|Best Performance By a "Top 40" Artist]] for "Midnight Flyer".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1959-239.html |title=Grammy Awards 1959 |work=Grammy }}</ref>
[[File:Capitol Records Building LA.jpg|thumb|[[Capitol Records Building]], known as "The House That Nat Built" on [[Vine St.]]]]
In 1958, Cole went to Havana, Cuba, to record ''[[Cole Español]]'', an album sung entirely in Spanish. It was so popular in Latin America and the U.S. that it was followed by two more Spanish-language albums: ''[[A Mis Amigos]]'' (1959) and ''[[More Cole Español]]'' (1962).
After the change in musical tastes, Cole's ballads appealed little to young listeners, despite a successful attempt at rock and roll with "[[Send for Me (song)|Send for Me]]",<ref name=pc22/> which peaked at number 6 on the pop chart. Like [[Dean Martin]], [[Frank Sinatra]], and [[Tony Bennett]], he found that the pop chart had been taken over by youth-oriented acts.
=== 1960s ===
In 1960, Cole's longtime collaborator Nelson Riddle left Capitol to join [[Reprise Records]], which was established by Frank Sinatra. Riddle and Cole recorded one final hit album, ''Wild Is Love'', with lyrics by [[Raymond Rasch|Ray Rasch]] and Dotty Wayne. Cole later retooled the concept album into an [[Off-Broadway]] show, ''I'm with You''.
Nevertheless, Cole recorded several hit singles during the 1960s, including "Let There Be Love" with George Shearing in 1961, the country-flavored hit "[[Ramblin' Rose]]" in August 1962 (reaching # 2 on the Pop chart), "[[Dear Lonely Hearts]]" (#13), "[[That Sunday, That Summer]]" (#12) and "[[Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (song)|Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer]]"<ref name=pc22/> (his final top-ten hit, reaching number 6 on the Pop chart). He performed in many short films, sitcoms, and television shows and played [[W. C. Handy]] in the film ''[[St. Louis Blues (1958 film)|St. Louis Blues]]'' (1958). He also appeared in ''The Nat King Cole Story'', ''[[China Gate (1957 film)|China Gate]]'', and ''[[The Blue Gardenia]]'' (1953).
In January 1964, Cole made one of his final television appearances, on ''[[The Jack Benny Program]]''. He was introduced as "the best friend a song ever had" and sang "[[When I Fall in Love]]". ''[[Cat Ballou]]'' (1965), his final film, was released several months after his death.
Earlier on, Cole's shift to traditional pop led some jazz critics and fans to accuse him of selling out, but he never abandoned his jazz roots; as late as 1956 he recorded an all-jazz album, ''[[After Midnight (Nat King Cole album)|After Midnight]]'', and many of his albums after this are fundamentally jazz-based, being scored for big band without strings, although the arrangements focus primarily on the vocal rather than instrumental leads.
Cole had one of his last major hits in 1963, two years before his death, with "[[Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (song)|Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer]]", which reached number 6 on the Pop chart. "[[Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)|Unforgettable]]" was made famous again in 1991 by Cole's daughter Natalie when modern recording technology was used to reunite father and daughter in a duet. The duet version rose to the top of the pop charts, almost forty years after its original popularity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Teachout|first1=Terry|title=Nat King Cole|journal=The American Scholar |date=1992|volume=26|url=http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.library.arizona.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=6f10b1ac-7023-4d70-927f-78a426b5840c%40sessionmgr111&vid=0&hid=120&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rih&AN=1992-02661|access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
Nat's final studio album was titled, "[[L-O-V-E]]". The album peaked at #4 on the Billboard Albums chart in the spring of 1965.
==Personal life==
Around the time Cole launched his singing career, he entered into [[Freemasonry]]. He was raised in January 1944 in the Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49 in California. The lodge was named after fellow [[Prince Hall Freemasonry|Prince Hall]] mason and jazz musician [[Fats Waller]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx| title=Famous Masons| publisher=Pinal Lodge No. 30| quotation=member of Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49, of Los Angeles, CA, being initiated on January 9, 1944, the lodge appropriately named for another legendary jazz musician, Fats Waller, himself a Prince Hall Freemason.| access-date=September 30, 2018| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182230/http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx| archive-date=December 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | title = U.S. Notable Freemasons | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510153526/http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | archive-date = May 10, 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> He joined the [[Scottish Rite Freemasonry]],<ref name="businessinsider.com">{{cite web | author1 = C. Sterbenz | author2 = R. Johnson | url = https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T | title = 17 Of The Most Influential Freemasons Ever | date = March 20, 2014 | language = en | website = businessinsider.com | access-date = September 30, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151122015117/https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T | archive-date = November 22, 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> becoming Master Mason.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | title = Famous Master Masons | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180930201803/http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | archive-date = September 30, 2018 | url-status=live | access-date = September 30, 2018 }}</ref> Cole was "an avid baseball fan", particularly of [[Hank Aaron]]. In 1968, [[Nelson Riddle]] related an incident from some years earlier and told of music studio engineers, searching for a source of noise, finding Cole listening to a game on a transistor radio.<ref name=pc22/>
===Marriages and children===
[[File:Nat and Maria Cole 1951.jpg|thumb|Cole and his second wife, Maria, 1951]]
Cole met his first wife, Nadine Robinson, while they were on tour for the all-black Broadway musical ''Shuffle Along''. He was 18 when they married. She was the reason he moved to Los Angeles and formed the Nat King Cole trio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nat-king-cole-mn0000317093/biography | title=Nat King Cole — Biography & History | website=AllMusic|access-date=May 16, 2015}}</ref> This marriage ended in divorce in 1948. On March 28, 1948 (Easter Sunday), six days after his divorce became final, Cole married the singer [[Maria Cole|Maria Hawkins]]. The Coles were married in [[Harlem]]'s [[Abyssinian Baptist Church]] by [[Adam Clayton Powell Jr.]] They had five children: [[Natalie Cole|Natalie]] (1950–2015), who had a successful career as a singer before dying of congestive heart failure at age 65; an adopted daughter, [[Carole Cole|Carole]] (1944–2009, the daughter of Maria's sister), who died of [[lung cancer]] at the age of 64; an adopted son, Nat Kelly Cole (1959–1995), who died of [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] at the age of 36;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=823550&apid=116271 |title=TCM |publisher=TCM |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> and twin daughters, Casey and Timolin (born September 26, 1961), whose birth was announced in the "Milestones" column of ''Time'' magazine on October 6, 1961. Maria supported him during his final illness and stayed with him until his death. In an interview, she emphasized his musical legacy and the class he exhibited despite his imperfections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gale.cengage.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/cole_n.htm|title=Gale:Free Resources:Black History:Biographies: Nat King Cole|publisher=Gale|access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>
===Experiences with racism===
[[File:natcuba.jpg|thumb|left|Bust of Nat King Cole in the [[Hotel Nacional de Cuba]]]]
In August 1948, Cole purchased a house from Col. Harry Gantz, the former husband of the silent film actress [[Lois Weber]], in the all-white [[Hancock Park, Los Angeles|Hancock Park]] neighborhood of Los Angeles. The [[Ku Klux Klan]], which was active in Los Angeles in the 1950s, responded by placing a burning cross on his front lawn. Members of the property-owners association told Cole they did not want any "undesirables" moving into the neighborhood. Cole responded, "Neither do I. And if I see anybody undesirable coming in here, I'll be the first to complain."<ref name="Levinson2005">{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=Peter J. |title=September in the Rain: The Life of Nelson Riddle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG-UYr7vBb4C&pg=PA89 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |year=2005 |publisher=Taylor Trade |isbn=978-1-58979-163-3 |pages=89–}}</ref>
In 1956 Cole was contracted to perform in Cuba. He wanted to stay at the [[Hotel Nacional de Cuba]] in Havana but was refused because it operated a [[racial segregation|color bar]]. Cole honored his contract, and the concert at the [[Tropicana Club]] was a huge success. During the following year, he returned to Cuba for another concert, singing many songs in Spanish.
In 1956 Cole was assaulted on stage during a concert in Birmingham, Alabama, with the [[Ted Heath (bandleader)|Ted Heath]] Band while singing the song "Little Girl". Having circulated photographs of Cole with white female fans bearing incendiary boldface captions reading "Cole and His White Women" and "Cole and Your Daughter"<ref name="Burford">{{cite journal |last1=Burford |first1=Mark |title=Sam Cooke as Pop Album Artist—A Reinvention in Three Songs |journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=113–178 |doi=10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.113 |date=April 2012|jstor=10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.113 }}</ref> three men belonging to the [[Original Ku Klux Klan of the Confederacy|North Alabama Citizens Council]] assaulted Cole, apparently attempting to kidnap him. The three assailants ran down the aisles of the auditorium towards Cole. Local law enforcement quickly ended the invasion of the stage, but in the ensuing mêlée Cole was toppled from his piano bench and injured his back. He did not finish the concert. A fourth member of the group was later arrested. All were tried and convicted.<ref>Eyewitness account published in the ''[[The Birmingham News|Birmingham News]]''. Felts, Jim. Letter to the editor. December 15, 2007.</ref> Cole received a slight back injury during the scuffle. Six men, including 23-year-old Willie Richard Vinson, were formally charged with assault with intent to murder him, but later the charge against four of them was changed to conspiracy to commit a misdemeanor. The original plan to attack Cole included 150 men from Birmingham and nearby towns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/12/nat-king-cole-attacked-on-stage-archive-1956|title=Nat 'King' Cole attacked on stage – archive, 12 April 1956|date=April 12, 2018}}</ref>
After being attacked in Birmingham, Cole said, "I can't understand it ... I have not taken part in any protests. Nor have I joined an organization fighting segregation. Why should they attack me?" Cole said he wanted to forget the incident and continued to play for segregated audiences in the south. He said he could not change the situation in a day. He contributed money to the [[Montgomery bus boycott]] and had sued northern hotels that had hired him but refused to serve him. [[Thurgood Marshall]], the chief legal counsel of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]], called him an [[Uncle Tom]] and said he should perform with a banjo. [[Roy Wilkins]], executive secretary of the NAACP, wrote him a telegram that said:
{{quote|You have not been a crusader or engaged in an effort to change the customs or laws of the South. That responsibility, newspapers quote you as saying, you leave to the other guys. That attack upon you clearly indicates that organized bigotry makes no distinction between those who do not actively challenge racial discrimination and those who do. This is a fight which none of us can escape. We invite you to join us in a crusade against racism.<ref name="Altschuler2003">{{cite book|last=Altschuler|first=Glenn C. |title=All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMyC2FndXwkC|access-date=February 19, 2019|date=August 7, 2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803191-8}}</ref>}}
''[[The Chicago Defender]]'' said Cole's performances for all-white audiences were an insult to his race. The ''[[New York Amsterdam News]]'' said that "thousands of Harlem blacks who have worshiped at the shrine of singer Nat King Cole turned their backs on him this week as the noted crooner turned his back on the NAACP and said that he will continue to play to [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow]] audiences". To play "Uncle Nat's" discs, wrote a commentator in ''The American Negro'', "would be supporting his 'traitor' ideas and narrow way of thinking". Deeply hurt by the criticism in the black press, Cole was chastened. Emphasizing his opposition to [[racial segregation]] "in any form", he agreed to join other entertainers in boycotting segregated venues. He paid $500 to become a lifetime member of the Detroit branch of the NAACP. Until his death in 1965, Cole was an active and visible participant in the [[civil rights movement]], playing an important role in planning the [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom|March on Washington]] in 1963.<ref name="Gilbert1988">{{cite book|last=Gilbert|first=James|title=A Cycle of Outrage: America's Reaction to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSbMWznYmFAC|date=October 13, 1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-536356-2|page=9}}</ref><ref name="Sussman">{{cite book |last1=Sussman |first1=Warren |editor1-last=May |editor1-first=Lary |title=Recasting America |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226511757 |chapter=Did Success Spoil the United States |date=January 9, 1989 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/recastingamerica00gres }}</ref>
===Politics===
Cole performed in 1956 for President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]'s televised birthday celebration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1990-10-16/news/vw-2610_1_eisenhower-presidency |title=It's All Right to Still Like Ike: History: Once Painted as a 'Distanced' President, Dwight Eisenhower Now is Heralded for his Strong Sense of Service. |website=Articles.latimes.com |date=October 16, 1990 |access-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref> At the [[1956 Republican National Convention]], he sang "[[That's All There Is to That]]" and was "greeted with applause".<ref>Official Report of the Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Republican National Convention, August 20–23, 1956, p. 327.</ref> He was also present at the [[1960 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in 1960 to support Senator [[John F. Kennedy]]. He was among the dozens of entertainers recruited by [[Frank Sinatra]] to perform at the Kennedy Inaugural gala in 1961. Cole consulted with President Kennedy and his successor, [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], on civil rights.
==Illness and death==
In September 1964, Cole began to lose weight and he experienced back problems.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=338}} He collapsed with pain after performing at the [[Sands Hotel and Casino|Sands Hotel]] in Las Vegas. In December, he was working in San Francisco when he was finally persuaded by friends to seek medical help. A malignant tumor in an advanced state of growth on his left lung was observed on a [[Chest radiograph|chest X-ray]]. Cole, who had been a heavy cigarette smoker, had [[lung cancer]] and was expected to have only months to live.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/Famous/g/Famous-Tobacco-Victims-Jazz-Singer-Nat-King-Cole.htm |title=Tobacco Victim Nat King Cole |website=Quitsmoking.about.com |access-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref> Against his doctors' wishes, Cole carried on his work and made his final recordings between December 1 and 3 in San Francisco, with an orchestra conducted by [[Ralph Carmichael]]. The music was released on the album ''[[L-O-V-E (album)|L-O-V-E]]'' shortly before his death.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=342}} His daughter noted later that he did this to assure the welfare of his family.
Cole entered [[Saint John's Health Center]] in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]] on December 7, and [[cobalt therapy]] was started on December 10. [[Frank Sinatra]] performed in Cole's place at the grand opening of the new [[Dorothy Chandler Pavilion]] of the [[Los Angeles Music Center]] on December 12.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=347}} Cole's condition gradually worsened, but he was released from the hospital over the New Year's period. At home Cole was able to see the hundreds of thousands of cards and letters that had been sent after news of his illness was made public. Cole returned to the hospital in early January. He also sent $5,000 (US${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|5000|1964}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) to actress and singer [[Gunilla Hutton]], with whom he had been romantically involved since early 1964.<ref>"Unforgettable", ''The New York Times'', December 26, 1999</ref> Hutton later telephoned Maria and implored her to divorce him. Maria confronted her husband, and Cole finally broke off the relationship with Hutton.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=350}} Cole's illness reconciled him with his wife, and he vowed that if he recovered he would go on television to urge people to stop smoking. On January 25, Cole's entire left lung was surgically removed. His father died of heart problems on February 1.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=355}} Throughout Cole's illness his publicists promoted the idea that he would soon be well and working, despite the private knowledge of his terminal condition. [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] magazine reported that "Nat King Cole has successfully come through a serious operation and... the future looks bright for 'the master' to resume his career again".<ref>{{cite news |title=Blues News |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=migEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22nat+king+cole%22 |access-date=September 17, 2015 |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=February 6, 1965 |page=28}}</ref> On Valentine's Day, Cole and his wife briefly left St. John's to drive by the sea. He died at the hospital early in the morning of February 15, 1965.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=356}}
[[File:Nat King Cole mausoleum.jpg|right|thumb|Cole's vault at Forest Lawn Memorial Park]]
Cole's funeral was held on February 18 at [[St. James' Episcopal Church (Los Angeles, California)|St.James' Episcopal Church<!--(Los_Angeles_California-->]] on [[Wilshire Boulevard]] in Los Angeles; 400 people were present, and thousands gathered outside the church. Hundreds of members of the public had filed past the coffin the day before.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=358}} Honorary pallbearers included [[Robert F. Kennedy]], [[Count Basie]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Sammy Davis Jr.]], [[Johnny Mathis]], [[George Burns]], [[Danny Thomas]], [[Jimmy Durante]], [[Alan W. Livingston|Alan Livingston]], [[Frankie Laine]], [[Steve Allen]], and [[Pat Brown]] (the [[governor of California]]). The eulogy was delivered by [[Jack Benny]], who said that "Nat Cole was a man who gave so much and still had so much to give. He gave it in song, in friendship to his fellow man, devotion to his family. He was a star, a tremendous success as an entertainer, an institution. But he was an even greater success as a man, as a husband, as a father, as a friend."{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=359}} Cole's remains were interred in Freedom Mausoleum at [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]], in [[Glendale, California|Glendale]], California.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=360}}
==Posthumous releases==
Cole's last album, ''[[L-O-V-E (album)|L-O-V-E]]'', was recorded in early December 1964—just a few days before he entered the hospital for cancer treatment—and was released just before he died. It peaked at number 4 on the ''Billboard'' Albums chart in the spring of 1965. A ''Best Of'' album was certified a gold record in 1968. His 1957 recording of "When I Fall in Love" reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1987, released in reaction to a version by [[Rick Astley]] challenging for the coveted Christmas number 1 spot.
In 1983, an archivist for EMI [[Electrola]] Records, a subsidiary of EMI Records (Capitol's parent company) in Germany, discovered some unreleased recordings by Cole, including one in Japanese and another in Spanish ("Tu Eres Tan Amable"). Capitol released them later that year as the LP ''Unreleased''.
In 1991, [[Mosaic Records]] released ''The Complete Capitol Records Recordings of the Nat King Cole Trio'', a compilation of 349 songs available as an 18-[[Compact disc|CD]] or a 27-[[LP record|LP]] set. In 2008 it was re-released in digital-download format through services like [[iTunes]] and [[Amazon Music]].
Also in 1991, [[Natalie Cole]] recorded a new vocal track that was mixed with her father's 1961 stereo re-recording of his 1951 hit "[[Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)|Unforgettable]]" for a tribute album of the same title. The song and album won seven Grammy awards in 1992 for Best Album and Best Song.
== Work ==
===Discography===
{{Main| Nat King Cole discography}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio]]'' (1944)
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio, Volume 2]]'' (1946)
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio, Volume 3]]'' (1947)
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio, Volume 4]]'' (1949)
* ''[[Nat King Cole at the Piano]]'' (1950)
* ''[[Harvest of Hits]]'' (1950)
* ''[[King Cole for Kids]]'' (1951)
* ''[[Penthouse Serenade]]'' (1952)
* ''[[Top Pops]]'' (1952)
* ''Two In Love'' (1953)
* ''[[Unforgettable (Nat King Cole album)|Unforgettable]]'' (1954)
* ''[[Penthouse Serenade]]'' (1955)
* ''[[Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love]]'' (1955)
* ''[[The Piano Style of Nat King Cole]]'' (1955)
* ''[[After Midnight (Nat King Cole album)|After Midnight]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Just One of Those Things (album)|Just One of Those Things]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Love Is the Thing]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Cole Español]]'' (1958)
* ''[[St. Louis Blues (album)|St. Louis Blues]]'' (1958)
* ''[[The Very Thought of You (Nat King Cole album)|The Very Thought of You]]'' (1958)
* ''[[To Whom It May Concern (Nat King Cole album)|To Whom It May Concern]]'' (1958)
* ''[[Welcome to the Club (Nat King Cole album)|Welcome to the Club]]'' (1958)
* ''[[A Mis Amigos]]'' (1959)
* ''[[Tell Me All About Yourself]]'' (1960)
* ''[[Every Time I Feel the Spirit]]'' (1960)
* ''[[Wild Is Love]]'' (1960)
* ''[[The Magic of Christmas (Nat King Cole album)|The Magic of Christmas]]'' (1960)
* ''[[The Nat King Cole Story]]'' (1961)
* ''[[The Touch of Your Lips (album)|The Touch of Your Lips]]'' (1961)
* ''[[Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Ramblin' Rose (album)|Ramblin' Rose]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Dear Lonely Hearts]]'' (1962)
* ''[[More Cole Español]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer]]'' (1963)
* ''[[Where Did Everyone Go?]]'' (1963)
* ''[[Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Let's Face the Music!]]'' (1964, recorded 1961)
* ''[[I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore]]'' (1964)
* ''[[L-O-V-E (album)|L-O-V-E]]'' (1965)
* ''Nat King Cole Sings His Songs From 'Cat Ballou' and Other Motion Pictures'' (1965)
* ''Live at the Sands'' (1966, recorded 1960)
{{div col end}}
His hit singles include "Straighten Up and Fly Right" 1944 #8, "The Christmas Song" 1946/1962/2018 #?/#65/#11, "Nature Boy" 1948 #1, "Mona Lisa 1950 #1, "Frosty, The Snowman" 1950 #9, "Too Young" 1951 #1, "Unforgettable" 1951 #12, "Somewhere Along the Way" 1952 #8, "Answer Me, My Love" 1954 #6, "A Blossom Fell" 1955 #2, "If I May" 1955 #8, "[[Send for Me (song)|Send for Me]]" 1957 #6, "[[Looking Back (Nat King Cole song)|Looking Back]]" 1958 #5, "Ramblin' Rose" 1962 #2, "Those Lazy, Hazy, Crazy Days of Summer" 1963 #6, "Unforgettable" 1991 (with daughter Natalie)
===Filmography===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Here Comes Elmer]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Pistol Packin' Mama (film)|Pistol Packin' Mama]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Pin Up Girl (film)|Pin Up Girl]]''
| Canteen pianist
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Stars on Parade (1944 film)|Stars on Parade]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Swing in the Saddle]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''See My Lawyer''
| Specialty act
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|-
| 1944
| ''Is You Is, or Is You Ain't My Baby?''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1945
| ''Frim Fram Sauce''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1946
| ''[[Breakfast in Hollywood#Film|Breakfast in Hollywood]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|
|-
| 1946
| ''Errand Boy for Rhythm''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1946
| ''Come to Baby Do''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1948
| ''[[Killer Diller (1948 film)|Killer Diller]]''
| Himself
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|-
| 1949
| ''[[Make Believe Ballroom]]''
| Himself
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|-
| 1950
| ''King Cole Trio & Benny Carter Orchestra''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''You Call It Madness''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''When I Fall in Love''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''The Trouble with Me Is You''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Sweet Lorraine''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Route 66''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''[[Nature Boy]]''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Mona Lisa''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Home''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''For Sentimental Reasons''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Calypso Blues''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1952
| ''Nat "King" Cole and Joe Adams Orchestra''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1953
| ''[[The Blue Gardenia]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[Small Town Girl (1953 film)|Small Town Girl]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1953
| ''Nat "King" Cole and Russ Morgan and His Orchestra''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Kiss Me Deadly]]''
| Singer
| Voice
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Rhythm and Blues Revue]]''
| Himself
| Documentary
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Rock 'n' Roll Revue]]''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1955
| ''The Nat 'King' Cole Musical Story''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1955
| ''Rhythm and Blues Revue''
| Himself
| Documentary
|-
| 1956
| ''[[The Scarlet Hour]]''
| Nightclub vocalist
|
|-
| 1956
| ''[[Basin Street Revue]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1957
| ''[[Istanbul (film)|Istanbul]]''
| Danny Rice
|
|-
| 1957
| ''[[China Gate (1957 film)|China Gate]]''
| Goldie
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[St. Louis Blues (1958 film)|St. Louis Blues]]''
| [[W. C. Handy]]
|
|-
| 1959
| ''[[Night of the Quarter Moon]]''
| Cy Robbin
| A.k.a. ''The Color of Her Skin''
|-
| 1959
| ''Premier Khrushchev in the USA''
| Himself
| Documentary
|-
| 1960
| ''Schlager-Raketen''
| Sänger, Himself
|
|-
| 1965
| ''[[Cat Ballou]]''
| Shouter
| Released posthumously, (final film role)
|-
| 1989
| ''Benny Carter: Symphony in Riffs''
| Himself
| Documentary
|}
===Television===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1950
| ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''
| Himself
| 14 episodes
|-
| 1951–1952
| ''[[Texaco Star Theatre]]''
| Himself
| 3 episodes
|-
| 1952–1955
| ''[[The Jackie Gleason Show]]''
| Himself
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1953
| ''[[The Red Skelton Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #2.20
|-
| 1953–1961
| ''[[What's My Line?]]''
| "Mystery guest"
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1954–1955
| ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Ford Star Jubilee]]''
| Himself
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1956–1957
| ''[[The Nat King Cole Show]]''
| Host
| 42 episodes
|-
| 1957–1960
| ''[[The Dinah Shore Chevy Show]]''
| Himself
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1958
| ''[[The Patti Page Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #1.5
|-
| 1959
| ''[[The Perry Como Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode: January 17, 1959
|-
| 1959
| ''[[The George Gobel Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #5.10
|-
| 1960
| ''[[The Steve Allen Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #5.21
|-
| 1960
| ''[[This Is Your Life]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "Nat King Cole"
|-
| 1960
| ''Academy Award Songs''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1960
| ''Special Gala to Support Kennedy Campaign''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1961
| ''Main Event''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1961–1964
| ''[[The Garry Moore Show]]''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1962–1964
| ''[[The Jack Paar Program]]''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1963
| ''An Evening with Nat King Cole''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1963
| ''An Evening with Nat King Cole''
| Himself
| BBC Television special
|-
| 1963
| ''[[The Danny Kaye Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #1.14
|-
| 1964
| ''Freedom Spectacular''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1964
| ''[[The Jack Benny Program (television series)|The Jack Benny Program]]''
| Nat
| Episode: "Nat King Cole, Guest"
|}
==Awards and honors==
[[File:Alabama State University December 2018 28 (Nat "King" Cole Birthplace).jpg|thumb|Cole's birthplace on the campus of [[Alabama State University]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]]]]
Cole was inducted into the [[Alabama Music Hall of Fame]] and the [[Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame]]. He was awarded the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]] in 1990. He was inducted into the ''Down Beat'' [[Down Beat|Jazz Hall of Fame]] in 1997 and the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007. A United States postage stamp with Cole's likeness was issued in 1994. He was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in 2000 and the [[Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latinsonghall.com/access/special-awards/#.Uy9Dk3-wXYE|title=Special Awards – Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame|year=2013|access-date=March 23, 2014|publisher=Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame}}</ref>
Cole's success at Capitol Records, for which he recorded more than 150 singles that reached the ''Billboard'' Pop, R&B, and Country charts, has yet to be matched by any Capitol artist.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Documentary Profiles Nat 'King' Cole|date = May 4, 2006|journal = ProQuest|id = {{ProQuest|367705214}}}}</ref> His records sold 50 million copies during his career.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Remembering The Legendary Nat King Cole|date = February 23, 2000|journal = ProQuest|id = {{ProQuest|365061846}}}}</ref> His recording of "[[The Christmas Song]]" still receives airplay every holiday season, even hitting the Billboard Top 40 in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite news| url = https://www.billboard.com/charts/holiday-songs|title=Holiday Airplay|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date =January 10, 2015}}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
Cole's music is used throughout [[Wong Kar-wai]]'s romantic drama ''[[In the Mood for Love]]'' (2000) including the songs, "[[Aquellos Ojos Verdes]]", "Te Quiero Dijiste", "[[Quizás, Quizás, Quizás]]". Cole's song [[L-O-V-E]] was used at the beginning of [[Nancy Meyers]]' ''[[The Parent Trap (1998 film)|The Parent Trap]]'' (1998) with his daughter singing [[This Will Be]] as the ending credits song. Cole's music was also used in [[Terence Davies]]' film ''[[The Long Day Closes (film)|The Long Day Closes]]'' (1990) including his rendition of [[The Long Day Closes (song)|The Long Day Closes]].
==See also==
{{Portal|Music|Biography}}
* [[List of African-American firsts]]
* [[List of Freemasons]]
* ''[[The Ethel Waters Show]]''. Ethel Waters was the first black American to host an eponymous television program, broadcast in 1939 on the NBC experimental television station in New York City.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*Will Friedwald, ''Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Life and Music of Nat King Cole'', Oxford University Press, 2020. {{ISBN|978-0190882044}}.
*{{cite book|last=Epstein|first=Daniel Mark|year=1999|title=Nat King Cole|location=New York|publisher=Farrar Straus Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-21912-3|url=https://archive.org/details/natkingcole00epst}}
* Bill Dobbins and Richard Wang. "Cole, Nat 'King'." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. September 28, 2016.
* Pelote, Vincent. "Book Reviews: "Unforgettable: The Life and Mystique of Nat King Cole," by Leslie Gourse." Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association, vol. 49, no. 3, 1993., pp. 1073–1074,
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=no|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|n=no|s=no}}
* {{Find a Grave|1336}}
* {{IMDb name|0170713}}
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p65542}}
* {{Discogs artist|Nat King Cole}}
* [https://www.npr.org/artists/15392890/nat-king-cole Nat King Cole] at [[NPR|NPR.org]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103171900/http://nat-king-cole.org/index.html The Nat King Cole Society]
* [http://natkingcole.50webs.com/ The Unforgettable Nat King Cole]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070102152445/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/music/biography/nat_king_cole_biography.html Biography] at Tiscali Music
* [http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1552 Nat "King" Cole article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama]
* {{Rockhall}}
{{Nat King Cole}}
{{Navboxes
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{{Grammy Award for Record of the Year 1990s}}
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}}
{{Natalie Cole}}
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New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|American singer and jazz pianist}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Nat King Cole
| image = File:Nat King Cole 1959.JPG
| caption = Nat King Cole, 1959
| birth_name = Nathaniel Adams Coles
| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|03|17}}
| birth_place = [[Montgomery, Alabama]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1965|02|15|1919|03|17}}
| death_place = [[Santa Monica, California]], U.S.
| genre = {{hlist|[[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]|[[jazz]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianapublicmedia.org/afterglow/nat-king-coles-remarkable-1958.php|title=Nat King Cole Centennial: Cole's Remarkable 1958|last=Chilla|first=Mark|publisher=Indiana Public Media|date=March 22, 2019|access-date=March 8, 2020}}</ref>}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|musician|actor}}
| instrument = {{hlist|Piano|vocals}}
| years_active = 1934–1965
| label = {{hlist|[[Ammor Records|Ammor]]|[[Excelsior Records|Excelsior]]|[[Decca Records|Decca]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]}}
| associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Oscar Moore]]|[[Irving Ashby]]|[[John Collins (jazz guitarist)|John Collins]]|[[Dinah Washington]]}}
}}
'''Nathaniel Adams Coles''' <!-- NOT AN ERROR, it was actually "Coles" -->(March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965), known professionally as '''Nat King Cole''', was an American singer, jazz pianist, and actor. He recorded over 100 songs that became hits on the pop charts. His trio was the model for small jazz ensembles that followed. Cole also acted in films and on television and performed on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]. He was the first [[African-American]] man to host an American television series. He was the father of singer-songwriter [[Natalie Cole]] (1950–2015).
==Biography==
===Early life===
Nathaniel Adams Coles was born in [[Montgomery, Alabama]], on March 17, 1919.<ref>[http://www.nat-king-cole.org/biography.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213054338/http://www.nat-king-cole.org/biography.html|date=February 13, 2007}}</ref> He had three brothers: [[Eddie Cole|Eddie]] (1910–1970), [[Ike Cole|Ike]] (1927–2001), and [[Freddy Cole|Freddy]] (1931–2020),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.npr.org/programs/jazzprofiles/archive/cole_f.html|title=NPR's Jazz Profiles: Freddy Cole |website=www.npr.org|access-date=June 16, 2021}}</ref> and a half-sister, Joyce Coles.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2015/06/12/how-i-got-the-jazz-gene-seven-artists-reveal-their-roots.html |title=How I got the jazz gene: seven artists reveal their roots|newspaper=The Toronto Star|date=June 12, 2015|access-date=May 26, 2017|last1=Crawford|first1=Trish}}</ref> Each of the Cole brothers pursued careers in music.<ref name=":0" /> When Nat King Cole was four years old, the family moved to [[Chicago]], Illinois, where his father, Edward Coles, became a [[Baptists|Baptist]] minister.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/38486512/ |title=The Pittsburgh Courier from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on February 13, 1965 · Page 2 |work= Newspapers.com |access-date=May 26, 2017}}</ref>
Cole learned to play the organ from his mother, Perlina Coles, the church organist.<ref name="Jr.2011">{{cite book|last=Hornsby Jr. |first=Alton |title=Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TkGMnE6g1qMC&pg=PA12 |date=August 23, 2011| publisher=ABC-CLIO| isbn=978-0-313-34112-0|pages=12–}}</ref> His first performance was "[[Yes! We Have No Bananas]]" at the age of four.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-nat-king-cole-19650216-story.html |title=From the Archives: Nat 'King' Cole dies of cancer at 45|date=February 16, 1965|work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 26, 2017 |issn=0458-3035}}</ref> He began formal lessons at 12,<ref name="LLC1990">{{cite book|author=SPIN Media |title=SPIN |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KFnjqV3F0AC&pg=RA1-PA2002|date=June 1990|publisher=SPIN Media |pages=1– }}</ref> learning jazz, gospel, and classical music on piano "from [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] to [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]".<ref name="Ruuth1992">{{cite book |last=Ruuth |first=Marianne |title=Nat King Cole|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-k6G_T83wRIC&pg=PA32 |year=1992|publisher=Holloway House Publishing|isbn=978-0-87067-593-5|pages=32–}}</ref> As a youth, he joined the news delivery boys' "[[Bud Billiken Club]]" band for ''[[The Chicago Defender]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2018/8/9/18394524/bud-billiken-day-parade-reaches-89th-year |title=Bud Billiken Day Parade reaches 89th year |last=Hinton |first=Rachel |date=August 9, 2018 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref>
The Cole family moved to the [[Bronzeville, Chicago|Bronzeville]] neighborhood of Chicago,<ref name="Jr.2007">{{cite book|last= Brewer Jr. |first=John M.|title=Pittsburgh Jazz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_P7HunpICbYC&pg=PT37|date=June 20, 2007| publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1-4396-3464-6|pages=37–}}</ref> where he attended [[Wendell Phillips Academy High School]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-12-15/news/0212150244_1_new-uniforms-harlem-globetrotters-american-stock-exchange |title=Phillips High School is cradle of history|work=tribunedigital-chicagotribune|access-date=May 26, 2017}}</ref> the school [[Sam Cooke]] attended a few years later.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2006/01/19/5163408/tracing-the-highs-and-tragic-end-of-sam-cooke|title=Tracing the Highs and Tragic End of Sam Cooke|newspaper=NPR.org|access-date= May 26, 2017}}</ref> He participated in [[Walter Dyett]]'s music program at [[DuSable High School]].<ref name="Bonner2011">{{cite book |last=Bonner |first=Wilma F.|title=The Sumner Story: Capturing Our History Preserving Our Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bb7OdRybtIC&pg=PA162 |date=January 1, 2011 |publisher=Morgan James Publishing |isbn=978-1-60037-782-2 |pages=162–}}</ref> He would sneak out of the house to visit clubs, sitting outside to hear [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Earl Hines]], and [[Jimmie Noone]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.historychannel.com.au/articles/nat-king-cole-is-born/ |title=Nat "King" Cole Is Born |date=June 20, 2016 |work=History Channel |access-date=May 26, 2017}}</ref>
===Early career===
[[File:(Portrait of Nat King Cole, Paramount Theater, New York, N.Y., ca. Nov. 1946) (LOC) (4931764947).jpg|thumb|left|Nat King Cole, Paramount Theater, New York City, November 1946]]
When he was 15, Cole dropped out of high school to pursue a music career. After his brother Eddie, a bassist, came home from touring with [[Noble Sissle]], they formed a sextet and recorded two singles for [[Decca Records|Decca]] in 1936 as Eddie Cole's Swingsters. They performed in a revival of the musical ''[[Shuffle Along]]''. Nat Cole went on tour with the musical. In 1937, he married Nadine Robinson, who was a member of the cast. After the show ended in Los Angeles, Cole and Nadine settled there while he looked for work. He led a big band, then found work playing piano in nightclubs. When a club owner asked him to form a band, he hired bassist [[Wesley Prince]] and guitarist [[Oscar Moore]]. They called themselves the King Cole Swingsters after the nursery rhyme in which "[[Old King Cole|Old King Cole was a merry old soul]]". They changed their name to the King Cole Trio before making [[transcription disc|radio transcription]]s and recording for small labels.<ref name="Ruhlmann">{{cite web|last1=Ruhlmann|first1=William|title=Nat King Cole| url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nat-king-cole-mn0000317093/biography|website=AllMusic|access-date=February 22, 2018}}</ref>
Cole recorded "[[Sweet Lorraine]]" in 1940, and it became his first hit.<ref name="Yanow Swing">{{cite book|last1=Yanow|first1=Scott|title=Swing|date=2000|publisher=Miller Freeman|location=San Francisco|isbn=978-0-87930-600-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/swing00yano/page/203 203]|url=https://archive.org/details/swing00yano/page/203}}</ref> According to legend, his career as a vocalist started when a drunken bar patron demanded that he sing the song. Cole said that this fabricated story sounded good, so he didn't argue with it. In fact, there was a customer one night who demanded that he sing, but because it was a song Cole didn't know, he sang "Sweet Lorraine" instead. As people heard Cole's vocal talent, they requested more vocal songs, and he obliged.<ref name="Intimate">{{cite book|last1=Cole| first1=Maria| title=Nat King Cole: An Intimate Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/natkingcoleintim00cole|url-access=registration|date=September 1971|publisher= William Morrow|isbn=978-0688021535}}</ref>
===1940s===
In 1941, the trio recorded "That Ain't Right" for Decca, followed the next year by "All for You" for [[Excelsior Records|Excelsior]].<ref name="Ruhlmann" /> They also recorded "[[I'm Lost]]", a song written by [[Otis René]], the owner of Excelsior.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315223539/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT85&lpg=PT85&dq=%22Excelsior+Records%22+Rene&source=bl&ots=WGb7s0l1Un&sig=4d9p5VXP5s9T0nsJFji0eYTXagY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FyZHT9rsHIHh0QHww_WCDg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA "Buck-Five Disk of Indies Seen Different Ways"]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. September 1, 1945. Retrieved February 24, 2012.</ref>
{{quote |quote=I started out to become a jazz pianist; in the meantime I started singing and I sang the way I felt and that's just the way it came out.|source=Nat King Cole, Voice of America interview, c.1956.<ref name=pc22>{{Gilliland |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19775/m1/ |title=Show 22 – Smack Dab in the Middle on Route 66: A Skinny Dip in the Easy Listening Mainstream. [Part 1] |show=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1692127/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402023122/http://www.library.unt.edu/music/special-collections/john-gilliland/index-to-interviews | archive-date=April 2, 2009 |title=Pop Chronicles Interviews #131 - Nat "King" Cole |work=[[Pop Chronicles]] |publisher=University of North Texas Libraries}}</ref>}}
Cole appeared in the first [[Jazz at the Philharmonic]] concerts in 1944. He was credited on [[Mercury Records|Mercury]] as "Shorty Nadine", a derivative of his wife's name, because he had an exclusive contract with [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Holmes, Roy|author2=Windisch, Simon|url=http://highstreets.co.uk/kcc/html/biograph.htm|title=Nat King Cole Biography|website=Highstreets.co.uk|access-date=January 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116040836/http://highstreets.co.uk/kcc/html/biograph.htm|archive-date=January 16, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> since signing with the label the year before. He recorded with [[Illinois Jacquet]] and [[Lester Young]].<ref name="Yanow Swing" />
[[File:Nat King Cole Oscar Moore Johnny Miller King Cole Trio 1947.JPG|thumb|right|180px|''King Cole Trio Time'' on NBC with Cole on piano, Oscar Moore on guitar, and Johnny Miller on double bass, 1947]]
In 1946, the trio broadcast ''King Cole Trio Time'', a 15-minute radio program. This was the first radio program to be sponsored by a black musician. Between 1946 and 1948, the trio recorded [[transcription disc|radio transcription]]s for Capitol Records Transcription Service.<ref>{{cite news|title=Capitol Transcriptions ad| url= http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1948/1948-06-28-BC.pdf|access-date=December 22, 2014| agency= Broadcasting|date=June 28, 1948}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jerry Haendiges Vintage Radio Logs| url= http://www.otrsite.com/logs/logk1025.htm/|access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref> They also performed on the radio programs ''Swing Soiree'', ''[[Lorillard Tobacco Company|Old Gold]]'', ''[[The Chesterfield Supper Club]]'', ''[[Kraft Music Hall]]'', and ''[[The Orson Welles Almanac]]''.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Radio%20Almanac |title=Radio Almanac |publisher= RadioGOLDINdex| access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Almanac Part 1">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/1944OrsonWellesRadioAlmanacpart1 |title=Orson Welles Almanac — Part 1 |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=February 13, 2014}}</ref>
Cole began recording and performing pop-oriented material in which he was often accompanied by a [[string orchestra]]. His stature as a popular star was cemented by hits such as "All for You" (1943), "[[The Christmas Song]]" (1947),<ref>Cole recorded "The Christmas Song" four times — on June 14, 1946, with the Nat King Cole Trio; on August 19, 1946, with an added string section; on August 24, 1953; and in 1961 for the double album ''The Nat King Cole Story''. The final version, recorded in stereo, is the one most often heard today.</ref> "[[Route 66 (song)|(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66]]", "[[(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons]]" (1946), "[[There! I've Said It Again]]" (1947), "[[Nature Boy]]" (1948), "[[Frosty The Snowman]]", "[[Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)|Mona Lisa]]" (No. 1 song of 1950), "[[Orange Colored Sky]]" (1950), "[[Too Young (Sidney Lippman and Sylvia Dee song)|Too Young]]" (No. 1 song of 1951).<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+Hot+100&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1951 |title=''Billboard'' website |magazine=Billboard.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>
=== 1950s ===
On June 7, 1953, Cole performed for the famed ninth [[Cavalcade of Jazz]] concert held at [[Wrigley Field]] in Chicago which was produced by [[Leon Hefflin, Sr.]] Also featured that day were [[Roy Brown (blues musician)|Roy Brown]] and his Orchestra, [[Shorty Rogers]], [[Earl Bostic]], [[Don Tosti]] and His Mexican Jazzmen, and [[Louis Armstrong]] and his All Stars with [[Velma Middleton]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Black music history of Los Angeles, its roots : 50 years in Black music : a classical pictorial history of Los Angeles Black music of the 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s : photographic essays that define the people, the artistry and their contributions to the wonderful world of entertainment|last=Reed, Tom.|date=1992|publisher=Black Accent on L.A. Press|isbn=096329086X|edition=1st, limited|location=Los Angeles|oclc=28801394}}</ref><ref>"Nat King Cole Star of Cavalcade" Headliner AD Los Angeles Sentinel May 28, 1953.</ref>
On November 5, 1956, ''The Nat 'King' Cole Show'' debuted on NBC. The variety program was one of the first hosted by an African American.<ref name="Smithsonian">{{cite web|last1=Chilton|first1=Karen|title=Hazel Scott's Lifetime of High Notes|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/womens-history/hazel-scotts-lifetime-of-high-notes-145939027/|website=smithsonian.com|publisher=Smithsonian|access-date=November 30, 2016|date=October 15, 2009|quote= [Hazel Scott was] the first black performer to host her own nationally syndicated television show....}}</ref> The program started at a length of fifteen-minutes but was increased to a half-hour in July 1957. [[Rheingold Beer]] was a regional sponsor, but a national sponsor was never found. The show was in trouble financially despite efforts by NBC, [[Harry Belafonte]], [[Tony Bennett]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Eartha Kitt]], [[Frankie Laine]], [[Peggy Lee]], and [[Mel Tormé]].<ref name=Shulman>{{cite book |last1=Shulman |first1=Arthur |last2=Youman |first2=Roger|title=How Sweet It Was. Television: A Pictorial Commentary|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/howsweetitwastel0000shul |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter= Chapter 3: The Sounds of Music|year=1966 |publisher=Bonanza Books, Crown Publishers|isbn=9780517081358 }} (unpaginated).</ref> Cole decided to end the program. The last episode aired on December 17, 1957.<ref name="Gourse">{{cite book |last1=Gourse |first1=Leslie |title=Unforgettable : the life and mystique of Nat King Cole |url=https://archive.org/details/unforgettable00lesl |url-access=registration |date=1991 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/unforgettable00lesl/page/185 185] |isbn=9780312078775 |quote=The network supported this show from the beginning. From Mr. Sarnoff on down, they tried to sell it to agencies. They could have dropped it after the first thirteen weeks. Shows that made more money than mine were dropped. They offered me a new time at 7:00 p.m. on Saturdays on a cooperative basis, but I decided not to take it. I feel played out.}}</ref> Commenting on the lack of sponsorship, Cole said shortly after its demise, "[[Madison Avenue#Advertising industry|Madison Avenue]] is afraid of the dark."<ref>[http://www.quotesstar.com/quotes/m/madison-avenue-is-afraid-of-171261.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107135845/http://www.quotesstar.com/quotes/m/madison-avenue-is-afraid-of-171261.html|date=November 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://adage.com/article?article_id=133638 |title=Study: Ad Agencies Exhibit 'Pervasive Racial Discrimination' | News |website=AdAge.com |date=January 8, 2009 |access-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref>
Throughout the 1950s, Cole continued to record hits that sold millions throughout the world, such as "[[Smile (Charlie Chaplin song)|Smile]]", "[[Pretend (1952 song)|Pretend]]", "[[A Blossom Fell]]", and "If I May". His pop hits were collaborations with [[Nelson Riddle]],<ref name=pc22/> [[Gordon Jenkins]], and [[Ralph Carmichael]]. Riddle arranged several of Cole's 1950s albums, including ''Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love'' (1953), his first 10-inch LP. In 1955, "[[Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup]]" reached number 7 on the ''Billboard'' chart. ''[[Love Is the Thing]]'' went to number one in April 1957 and remained his only number one album.
In 1959, he received a Grammy Award for [[Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Song|Best Performance By a "Top 40" Artist]] for "Midnight Flyer".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1959-239.html |title=Grammy Awards 1959 |work=Grammy }}</ref>
[[File:Capitol Records Building LA.jpg|thumb|[[Capitol Records Building]], known as "The House That Nat Built" on [[Vine St.]]]]
In 1958, Cole went to Havana, Cuba, to record ''[[Cole Español]]'', an album sung entirely in Spanish. It was so popular in Latin America and the U.S. that it was followed by two more Spanish-language albums: ''[[A Mis Amigos]]'' (1959) and ''[[More Cole Español]]'' (1962).
After the change in musical tastes, Cole's ballads appealed little to young listeners, despite a successful attempt at rock and roll with "[[Send for Me (song)|Send for Me]]",<ref name=pc22/> which peaked at number 6 on the pop chart. Like [[Dean Martin]], [[Frank Sinatra]], and [[Tony Bennett]], he found that the pop chart had been taken over by youth-oriented acts.
=== 1960s ===
In 1960, Cole's longtime collaborator Nelson Riddle left Capitol to join [[Reprise Records]], which was established by Frank Sinatra. Riddle and Cole recorded one final hit album, ''Wild Is Love'', with lyrics by [[Raymond Rasch|Ray Rasch]] and Dotty Wayne. Cole later retooled the concept album into an [[Off-Broadway]] show, ''I'm with You''.
Nevertheless, Cole recorded several hit singles during the 1960s, including "Let There Be Love" with George Shearing in 1961, the country-flavored hit "[[Ramblin' Rose]]" in August 1962 (reaching # 2 on the Pop chart), "[[Dear Lonely Hearts]]" (#13), "[[That Sunday, That Summer]]" (#12) and "[[Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (song)|Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer]]"<ref name=pc22/> (his final top-ten hit, reaching number 6 on the Pop chart). He performed in many short films, sitcoms, and television shows and played [[W. C. Handy]] in the film ''[[St. Louis Blues (1958 film)|St. Louis Blues]]'' (1958). He also appeared in ''The Nat King Cole Story'', ''[[China Gate (1957 film)|China Gate]]'', and ''[[The Blue Gardenia]]'' (1953).
In January 1964, Cole made one of his final television appearances, on ''[[The Jack Benny Program]]''. He was introduced as "the best friend a song ever had" and sang "[[When I Fall in Love]]". ''[[Cat Ballou]]'' (1965), his final film, was released several months after his death.
Earlier on, Cole's shift to traditional pop led some jazz critics and fans to accuse him of selling out, but he never abandoned his jazz roots; as late as 1956 he recorded an all-jazz album, ''[[After Midnight (Nat King Cole album)|After Midnight]]'', and many of his albums after this are fundamentally jazz-based, being scored for big band without strings, although the arrangements focus primarily on the vocal rather than instrumental leads.
Cole had one of his last major hits in 1963, two years before his death, with "[[Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (song)|Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer]]", which reached number 6 on the Pop chart. "[[Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)|Unforgettable]]" was made famous again in 1991 by Cole's daughter Natalie when modern recording technology was used to reunite father and daughter in a duet. The duet version rose to the top of the pop charts, almost forty years after its original popularity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Teachout|first1=Terry|title=Nat King Cole|journal=The American Scholar |date=1992|volume=26|url=http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.library.arizona.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=6f10b1ac-7023-4d70-927f-78a426b5840c%40sessionmgr111&vid=0&hid=120&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rih&AN=1992-02661|access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
Nat's final studio album was titled, "[[L-O-V-E]]". The album peaked at #4 on the Billboard Albums chart in the spring of 1965.
==Personal life==
Around the time Cole launched his singing career, he entered into [[Freemasonry]]. He was raised in January 1944 in the Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49 in California. The lodge was named after fellow [[Prince Hall Freemasonry|Prince Hall]] mason and jazz musician [[Fats Waller]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx| title=Famous Masons| publisher=Pinal Lodge No. 30| quotation=member of Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49, of Los Angeles, CA, being initiated on January 9, 1944, the lodge appropriately named for another legendary jazz musician, Fats Waller, himself a Prince Hall Freemason.| access-date=September 30, 2018| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182230/http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx| archive-date=December 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | title = U.S. Notable Freemasons | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510153526/http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | archive-date = May 10, 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> He joined the [[Scottish Rite Freemasonry]],<ref name="businessinsider.com">{{cite web | author1 = C. Sterbenz | author2 = R. Johnson | url = https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T | title = 17 Of The Most Influential Freemasons Ever | date = March 20, 2014 | language = en | website = businessinsider.com | access-date = September 30, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151122015117/https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T | archive-date = November 22, 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> becoming Master Mason.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | title = Famous Master Masons | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180930201803/http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | archive-date = September 30, 2018 | url-status=live | access-date = September 30, 2018 }}</ref> Cole was "an avid baseball fan", particularly of [[Hank Aaron]]. In 1968, [[Nelson Riddle]] related an incident from some years earlier and told of music studio engineers, searching for a source of noise, finding Cole listening to a game on a transistor radio.<ref name=pc22/>
===Experiences with racism===
[[File:natcuba.jpg|thumb|left|Bust of Nat King Cole in the [[Hotel Nacional de Cuba]]]]
In August 1948, Cole purchased a house from Col. Harry Gantz, the former husband of the silent film actress [[Lois Weber]], in the all-white [[Hancock Park, Los Angeles|Hancock Park]] neighborhood of Los Angeles. The [[Ku Klux Klan]], which was active in Los Angeles in the 1950s, responded by placing a burning cross on his front lawn. Members of the property-owners association told Cole they did not want any "undesirables" moving into the neighborhood. Cole responded, "Neither do I. And if I see anybody undesirable coming in here, I'll be the first to complain."<ref name="Levinson2005">{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=Peter J. |title=September in the Rain: The Life of Nelson Riddle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG-UYr7vBb4C&pg=PA89 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |year=2005 |publisher=Taylor Trade |isbn=978-1-58979-163-3 |pages=89–}}</ref>
In 1956 Cole was contracted to perform in Cuba. He wanted to stay at the [[Hotel Nacional de Cuba]] in Havana but was refused because it operated a [[racial segregation|color bar]]. Cole honored his contract, and the concert at the [[Tropicana Club]] was a huge success. During the following year, he returned to Cuba for another concert, singing many songs in Spanish.
In 1956 Cole was assaulted on stage during a concert in Birmingham, Alabama, with the [[Ted Heath (bandleader)|Ted Heath]] Band while singing the song "Little Girl". Having circulated photographs of Cole with white female fans bearing incendiary boldface captions reading "Cole and His White Women" and "Cole and Your Daughter"<ref name="Burford">{{cite journal |last1=Burford |first1=Mark |title=Sam Cooke as Pop Album Artist—A Reinvention in Three Songs |journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=113–178 |doi=10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.113 |date=April 2012|jstor=10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.113 }}</ref> three men belonging to the [[Original Ku Klux Klan of the Confederacy|North Alabama Citizens Council]] assaulted Cole, apparently attempting to kidnap him. The three assailants ran down the aisles of the auditorium towards Cole. Local law enforcement quickly ended the invasion of the stage, but in the ensuing mêlée Cole was toppled from his piano bench and injured his back. He did not finish the concert. A fourth member of the group was later arrested. All were tried and convicted.<ref>Eyewitness account published in the ''[[The Birmingham News|Birmingham News]]''. Felts, Jim. Letter to the editor. December 15, 2007.</ref> Cole received a slight back injury during the scuffle. Six men, including 23-year-old Willie Richard Vinson, were formally charged with assault with intent to murder him, but later the charge against four of them was changed to conspiracy to commit a misdemeanor. The original plan to attack Cole included 150 men from Birmingham and nearby towns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/12/nat-king-cole-attacked-on-stage-archive-1956|title=Nat 'King' Cole attacked on stage – archive, 12 April 1956|date=April 12, 2018}}</ref>
After being attacked in Birmingham, Cole said, "I can't understand it ... I have not taken part in any protests. Nor have I joined an organization fighting segregation. Why should they attack me?" Cole said he wanted to forget the incident and continued to play for segregated audiences in the south. He said he could not change the situation in a day. He contributed money to the [[Montgomery bus boycott]] and had sued northern hotels that had hired him but refused to serve him. [[Thurgood Marshall]], the chief legal counsel of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]], called him an [[Uncle Tom]] and said he should perform with a banjo. [[Roy Wilkins]], executive secretary of the NAACP, wrote him a telegram that said:
{{quote|You have not been a crusader or engaged in an effort to change the customs or laws of the South. That responsibility, newspapers quote you as saying, you leave to the other guys. That attack upon you clearly indicates that organized bigotry makes no distinction between those who do not actively challenge racial discrimination and those who do. This is a fight which none of us can escape. We invite you to join us in a crusade against racism.<ref name="Altschuler2003">{{cite book|last=Altschuler|first=Glenn C. |title=All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMyC2FndXwkC|access-date=February 19, 2019|date=August 7, 2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803191-8}}</ref>}}
''[[The Chicago Defender]]'' said Cole's performances for all-white audiences were an insult to his race. The ''[[New York Amsterdam News]]'' said that "thousands of Harlem blacks who have worshiped at the shrine of singer Nat King Cole turned their backs on him this week as the noted crooner turned his back on the NAACP and said that he will continue to play to [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow]] audiences". To play "Uncle Nat's" discs, wrote a commentator in ''The American Negro'', "would be supporting his 'traitor' ideas and narrow way of thinking". Deeply hurt by the criticism in the black press, Cole was chastened. Emphasizing his opposition to [[racial segregation]] "in any form", he agreed to join other entertainers in boycotting segregated venues. He paid $500 to become a lifetime member of the Detroit branch of the NAACP. Until his death in 1965, Cole was an active and visible participant in the [[civil rights movement]], playing an important role in planning the [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom|March on Washington]] in 1963.<ref name="Gilbert1988">{{cite book|last=Gilbert|first=James|title=A Cycle of Outrage: America's Reaction to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSbMWznYmFAC|date=October 13, 1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-536356-2|page=9}}</ref><ref name="Sussman">{{cite book |last1=Sussman |first1=Warren |editor1-last=May |editor1-first=Lary |title=Recasting America |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226511757 |chapter=Did Success Spoil the United States |date=January 9, 1989 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/recastingamerica00gres }}</ref>
===Politics===
Cole performed in 1956 for President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]'s televised birthday celebration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1990-10-16/news/vw-2610_1_eisenhower-presidency |title=It's All Right to Still Like Ike: History: Once Painted as a 'Distanced' President, Dwight Eisenhower Now is Heralded for his Strong Sense of Service. |website=Articles.latimes.com |date=October 16, 1990 |access-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref> At the [[1956 Republican National Convention]], he sang "[[That's All There Is to That]]" and was "greeted with applause".<ref>Official Report of the Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Republican National Convention, August 20–23, 1956, p. 327.</ref> He was also present at the [[1960 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in 1960 to support Senator [[John F. Kennedy]]. He was among the dozens of entertainers recruited by [[Frank Sinatra]] to perform at the Kennedy Inaugural gala in 1961. Cole consulted with President Kennedy and his successor, [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], on civil rights.
==Illness and death==
In September 1964, Cole began to lose weight and he experienced back problems.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=338}} He collapsed with pain after performing at the [[Sands Hotel and Casino|Sands Hotel]] in Las Vegas. In December, he was working in San Francisco when he was finally persuaded by friends to seek medical help. A malignant tumor in an advanced state of growth on his left lung was observed on a [[Chest radiograph|chest X-ray]]. Cole, who had been a heavy cigarette smoker, had [[lung cancer]] and was expected to have only months to live.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/Famous/g/Famous-Tobacco-Victims-Jazz-Singer-Nat-King-Cole.htm |title=Tobacco Victim Nat King Cole |website=Quitsmoking.about.com |access-date=January 31, 2016}}</ref> Against his doctors' wishes, Cole carried on his work and made his final recordings between December 1 and 3 in San Francisco, with an orchestra conducted by [[Ralph Carmichael]]. The music was released on the album ''[[L-O-V-E (album)|L-O-V-E]]'' shortly before his death.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=342}} His daughter noted later that he did this to assure the welfare of his family.
Cole entered [[Saint John's Health Center]] in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]] on December 7, and [[cobalt therapy]] was started on December 10. [[Frank Sinatra]] performed in Cole's place at the grand opening of the new [[Dorothy Chandler Pavilion]] of the [[Los Angeles Music Center]] on December 12.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=347}} Cole's condition gradually worsened, but he was released from the hospital over the New Year's period. At home Cole was able to see the hundreds of thousands of cards and letters that had been sent after news of his illness was made public. Cole returned to the hospital in early January. He also sent $5,000 (US${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|5000|1964}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) to actress and singer [[Gunilla Hutton]], with whom he had been romantically involved since early 1964.<ref>"Unforgettable", ''The New York Times'', December 26, 1999</ref> Hutton later telephoned Maria and implored her to divorce him. Maria confronted her husband, and Cole finally broke off the relationship with Hutton.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=350}} Cole's illness reconciled him with his wife, and he vowed that if he recovered he would go on television to urge people to stop smoking. On January 25, Cole's entire left lung was surgically removed. His father died of heart problems on February 1.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=355}} Throughout Cole's illness his publicists promoted the idea that he would soon be well and working, despite the private knowledge of his terminal condition. [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] magazine reported that "Nat King Cole has successfully come through a serious operation and... the future looks bright for 'the master' to resume his career again".<ref>{{cite news |title=Blues News |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=migEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22nat+king+cole%22 |access-date=September 17, 2015 |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=February 6, 1965 |page=28}}</ref> On Valentine's Day, Cole and his wife briefly left St. John's to drive by the sea. He died at the hospital early in the morning of February 15, 1965.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=356}}
[[File:Nat King Cole mausoleum.jpg|right|thumb|Cole's vault at Forest Lawn Memorial Park]]
Cole's funeral was held on February 18 at [[St. James' Episcopal Church (Los Angeles, California)|St.James' Episcopal Church<!--(Los_Angeles_California-->]] on [[Wilshire Boulevard]] in Los Angeles; 400 people were present, and thousands gathered outside the church. Hundreds of members of the public had filed past the coffin the day before.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=358}} Honorary pallbearers included [[Robert F. Kennedy]], [[Count Basie]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Sammy Davis Jr.]], [[Johnny Mathis]], [[George Burns]], [[Danny Thomas]], [[Jimmy Durante]], [[Alan W. Livingston|Alan Livingston]], [[Frankie Laine]], [[Steve Allen]], and [[Pat Brown]] (the [[governor of California]]). The eulogy was delivered by [[Jack Benny]], who said that "Nat Cole was a man who gave so much and still had so much to give. He gave it in song, in friendship to his fellow man, devotion to his family. He was a star, a tremendous success as an entertainer, an institution. But he was an even greater success as a man, as a husband, as a father, as a friend."{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=359}} Cole's remains were interred in Freedom Mausoleum at [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]], in [[Glendale, California|Glendale]], California.{{sfn|Epstein|1999|p=360}}
==Posthumous releases==
Cole's last album, ''[[L-O-V-E (album)|L-O-V-E]]'', was recorded in early December 1964—just a few days before he entered the hospital for cancer treatment—and was released just before he died. It peaked at number 4 on the ''Billboard'' Albums chart in the spring of 1965. A ''Best Of'' album was certified a gold record in 1968. His 1957 recording of "When I Fall in Love" reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1987, released in reaction to a version by [[Rick Astley]] challenging for the coveted Christmas number 1 spot.
In 1983, an archivist for EMI [[Electrola]] Records, a subsidiary of EMI Records (Capitol's parent company) in Germany, discovered some unreleased recordings by Cole, including one in Japanese and another in Spanish ("Tu Eres Tan Amable"). Capitol released them later that year as the LP ''Unreleased''.
In 1991, [[Mosaic Records]] released ''The Complete Capitol Records Recordings of the Nat King Cole Trio'', a compilation of 349 songs available as an 18-[[Compact disc|CD]] or a 27-[[LP record|LP]] set. In 2008 it was re-released in digital-download format through services like [[iTunes]] and [[Amazon Music]].
Also in 1991, [[Natalie Cole]] recorded a new vocal track that was mixed with her father's 1961 stereo re-recording of his 1951 hit "[[Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)|Unforgettable]]" for a tribute album of the same title. The song and album won seven Grammy awards in 1992 for Best Album and Best Song.
== Work ==
===Discography===
{{Main| Nat King Cole discography}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio]]'' (1944)
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio, Volume 2]]'' (1946)
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio, Volume 3]]'' (1947)
* ''[[The King Cole Trio (album)|The King Cole Trio, Volume 4]]'' (1949)
* ''[[Nat King Cole at the Piano]]'' (1950)
* ''[[Harvest of Hits]]'' (1950)
* ''[[King Cole for Kids]]'' (1951)
* ''[[Penthouse Serenade]]'' (1952)
* ''[[Top Pops]]'' (1952)
* ''Two In Love'' (1953)
* ''[[Unforgettable (Nat King Cole album)|Unforgettable]]'' (1954)
* ''[[Penthouse Serenade]]'' (1955)
* ''[[Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love]]'' (1955)
* ''[[The Piano Style of Nat King Cole]]'' (1955)
* ''[[After Midnight (Nat King Cole album)|After Midnight]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Just One of Those Things (album)|Just One of Those Things]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Love Is the Thing]]'' (1957)
* ''[[Cole Español]]'' (1958)
* ''[[St. Louis Blues (album)|St. Louis Blues]]'' (1958)
* ''[[The Very Thought of You (Nat King Cole album)|The Very Thought of You]]'' (1958)
* ''[[To Whom It May Concern (Nat King Cole album)|To Whom It May Concern]]'' (1958)
* ''[[Welcome to the Club (Nat King Cole album)|Welcome to the Club]]'' (1958)
* ''[[A Mis Amigos]]'' (1959)
* ''[[Tell Me All About Yourself]]'' (1960)
* ''[[Every Time I Feel the Spirit]]'' (1960)
* ''[[Wild Is Love]]'' (1960)
* ''[[The Magic of Christmas (Nat King Cole album)|The Magic of Christmas]]'' (1960)
* ''[[The Nat King Cole Story]]'' (1961)
* ''[[The Touch of Your Lips (album)|The Touch of Your Lips]]'' (1961)
* ''[[Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Ramblin' Rose (album)|Ramblin' Rose]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Dear Lonely Hearts]]'' (1962)
* ''[[More Cole Español]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer]]'' (1963)
* ''[[Where Did Everyone Go?]]'' (1963)
* ''[[Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Let's Face the Music!]]'' (1964, recorded 1961)
* ''[[I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore]]'' (1964)
* ''[[L-O-V-E (album)|L-O-V-E]]'' (1965)
* ''Nat King Cole Sings His Songs From 'Cat Ballou' and Other Motion Pictures'' (1965)
* ''Live at the Sands'' (1966, recorded 1960)
{{div col end}}
His hit singles include "Straighten Up and Fly Right" 1944 #8, "The Christmas Song" 1946/1962/2018 #?/#65/#11, "Nature Boy" 1948 #1, "Mona Lisa 1950 #1, "Frosty, The Snowman" 1950 #9, "Too Young" 1951 #1, "Unforgettable" 1951 #12, "Somewhere Along the Way" 1952 #8, "Answer Me, My Love" 1954 #6, "A Blossom Fell" 1955 #2, "If I May" 1955 #8, "[[Send for Me (song)|Send for Me]]" 1957 #6, "[[Looking Back (Nat King Cole song)|Looking Back]]" 1958 #5, "Ramblin' Rose" 1962 #2, "Those Lazy, Hazy, Crazy Days of Summer" 1963 #6, "Unforgettable" 1991 (with daughter Natalie)
===Filmography===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Here Comes Elmer]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Pistol Packin' Mama (film)|Pistol Packin' Mama]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Pin Up Girl (film)|Pin Up Girl]]''
| Canteen pianist
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Stars on Parade (1944 film)|Stars on Parade]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Swing in the Saddle]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''See My Lawyer''
| Specialty act
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|-
| 1944
| ''Is You Is, or Is You Ain't My Baby?''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1945
| ''Frim Fram Sauce''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1946
| ''[[Breakfast in Hollywood#Film|Breakfast in Hollywood]]''
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|
|-
| 1946
| ''Errand Boy for Rhythm''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1946
| ''Come to Baby Do''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1948
| ''[[Killer Diller (1948 film)|Killer Diller]]''
| Himself
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|-
| 1949
| ''[[Make Believe Ballroom]]''
| Himself
| As part of the King Cole Trio
|-
| 1950
| ''King Cole Trio & Benny Carter Orchestra''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''You Call It Madness''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''When I Fall in Love''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''The Trouble with Me Is You''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Sweet Lorraine''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Route 66''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''[[Nature Boy]]''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Mona Lisa''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Home''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''For Sentimental Reasons''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1951
| ''Calypso Blues''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1952
| ''Nat "King" Cole and Joe Adams Orchestra''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1953
| ''[[The Blue Gardenia]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[Small Town Girl (1953 film)|Small Town Girl]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1953
| ''Nat "King" Cole and Russ Morgan and His Orchestra''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Kiss Me Deadly]]''
| Singer
| Voice
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Rhythm and Blues Revue]]''
| Himself
| Documentary
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Rock 'n' Roll Revue]]''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1955
| ''The Nat 'King' Cole Musical Story''
| Himself
| Short subject
|-
| 1955
| ''Rhythm and Blues Revue''
| Himself
| Documentary
|-
| 1956
| ''[[The Scarlet Hour]]''
| Nightclub vocalist
|
|-
| 1956
| ''[[Basin Street Revue]]''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1957
| ''[[Istanbul (film)|Istanbul]]''
| Danny Rice
|
|-
| 1957
| ''[[China Gate (1957 film)|China Gate]]''
| Goldie
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[St. Louis Blues (1958 film)|St. Louis Blues]]''
| [[W. C. Handy]]
|
|-
| 1959
| ''[[Night of the Quarter Moon]]''
| Cy Robbin
| A.k.a. ''The Color of Her Skin''
|-
| 1959
| ''Premier Khrushchev in the USA''
| Himself
| Documentary
|-
| 1960
| ''Schlager-Raketen''
| Sänger, Himself
|
|-
| 1965
| ''[[Cat Ballou]]''
| Shouter
| Released posthumously, (final film role)
|-
| 1989
| ''Benny Carter: Symphony in Riffs''
| Himself
| Documentary
|}
===Television===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1950
| ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''
| Himself
| 14 episodes
|-
| 1951–1952
| ''[[Texaco Star Theatre]]''
| Himself
| 3 episodes
|-
| 1952–1955
| ''[[The Jackie Gleason Show]]''
| Himself
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1953
| ''[[The Red Skelton Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #2.20
|-
| 1953–1961
| ''[[What's My Line?]]''
| "Mystery guest"
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1954–1955
| ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Ford Star Jubilee]]''
| Himself
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1956–1957
| ''[[The Nat King Cole Show]]''
| Host
| 42 episodes
|-
| 1957–1960
| ''[[The Dinah Shore Chevy Show]]''
| Himself
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1958
| ''[[The Patti Page Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #1.5
|-
| 1959
| ''[[The Perry Como Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode: January 17, 1959
|-
| 1959
| ''[[The George Gobel Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #5.10
|-
| 1960
| ''[[The Steve Allen Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #5.21
|-
| 1960
| ''[[This Is Your Life]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "Nat King Cole"
|-
| 1960
| ''Academy Award Songs''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1960
| ''Special Gala to Support Kennedy Campaign''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1961
| ''Main Event''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1961–1964
| ''[[The Garry Moore Show]]''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1962–1964
| ''[[The Jack Paar Program]]''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1963
| ''An Evening with Nat King Cole''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1963
| ''An Evening with Nat King Cole''
| Himself
| BBC Television special
|-
| 1963
| ''[[The Danny Kaye Show]]''
| Himself
| Episode #1.14
|-
| 1964
| ''Freedom Spectacular''
| Himself
| TV movie
|-
| 1964
| ''[[The Jack Benny Program (television series)|The Jack Benny Program]]''
| Nat
| Episode: "Nat King Cole, Guest"
|}
==Awards and honors==
[[File:Alabama State University December 2018 28 (Nat "King" Cole Birthplace).jpg|thumb|Cole's birthplace on the campus of [[Alabama State University]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]]]]
Cole was inducted into the [[Alabama Music Hall of Fame]] and the [[Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame]]. He was awarded the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]] in 1990. He was inducted into the ''Down Beat'' [[Down Beat|Jazz Hall of Fame]] in 1997 and the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007. A United States postage stamp with Cole's likeness was issued in 1994. He was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in 2000 and the [[Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latinsonghall.com/access/special-awards/#.Uy9Dk3-wXYE|title=Special Awards – Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame|year=2013|access-date=March 23, 2014|publisher=Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame}}</ref>
Cole's success at Capitol Records, for which he recorded more than 150 singles that reached the ''Billboard'' Pop, R&B, and Country charts, has yet to be matched by any Capitol artist.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Documentary Profiles Nat 'King' Cole|date = May 4, 2006|journal = ProQuest|id = {{ProQuest|367705214}}}}</ref> His records sold 50 million copies during his career.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Remembering The Legendary Nat King Cole|date = February 23, 2000|journal = ProQuest|id = {{ProQuest|365061846}}}}</ref> His recording of "[[The Christmas Song]]" still receives airplay every holiday season, even hitting the Billboard Top 40 in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite news| url = https://www.billboard.com/charts/holiday-songs|title=Holiday Airplay|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date =January 10, 2015}}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
Cole's music is used throughout [[Wong Kar-wai]]'s romantic drama ''[[In the Mood for Love]]'' (2000) including the songs, "[[Aquellos Ojos Verdes]]", "Te Quiero Dijiste", "[[Quizás, Quizás, Quizás]]". Cole's song [[L-O-V-E]] was used at the beginning of [[Nancy Meyers]]' ''[[The Parent Trap (1998 film)|The Parent Trap]]'' (1998) with his daughter singing [[This Will Be]] as the ending credits song. Cole's music was also used in [[Terence Davies]]' film ''[[The Long Day Closes (film)|The Long Day Closes]]'' (1990) including his rendition of [[The Long Day Closes (song)|The Long Day Closes]].
==See also==
{{Portal|Music|Biography}}
* [[List of African-American firsts]]
* [[List of Freemasons]]
* ''[[The Ethel Waters Show]]''. Ethel Waters was the first black American to host an eponymous television program, broadcast in 1939 on the NBC experimental television station in New York City.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*Will Friedwald, ''Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Life and Music of Nat King Cole'', Oxford University Press, 2020. {{ISBN|978-0190882044}}.
*{{cite book|last=Epstein|first=Daniel Mark|year=1999|title=Nat King Cole|location=New York|publisher=Farrar Straus Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-21912-3|url=https://archive.org/details/natkingcole00epst}}
* Bill Dobbins and Richard Wang. "Cole, Nat 'King'." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. September 28, 2016.
* Pelote, Vincent. "Book Reviews: "Unforgettable: The Life and Mystique of Nat King Cole," by Leslie Gourse." Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association, vol. 49, no. 3, 1993., pp. 1073–1074,
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=no|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|n=no|s=no}}
* {{Find a Grave|1336}}
* {{IMDb name|0170713}}
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p65542}}
* {{Discogs artist|Nat King Cole}}
* [https://www.npr.org/artists/15392890/nat-king-cole Nat King Cole] at [[NPR|NPR.org]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103171900/http://nat-king-cole.org/index.html The Nat King Cole Society]
* [http://natkingcole.50webs.com/ The Unforgettable Nat King Cole]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070102152445/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/music/biography/nat_king_cole_biography.html Biography] at Tiscali Music
* [http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1552 Nat "King" Cole article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama]
* {{Rockhall}}
{{Nat King Cole}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Nat King Cole
| list =
{{Grammy Award for Record of the Year 1990s}}
{{Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award}}
{{2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}
{{Billboard Year-End number one singles 1946–1959}}
}}
{{Natalie Cole}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Nat King}}
[[Category:Nat King Cole| ]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American people]]
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[[Category:American male guitarists]]
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[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer]]
[[Category:Decca Records artists]]
[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]
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[[Category:Jazz musicians from Alabama]]
[[Category:Jazz musicians from California]]
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[[Category:Male actors from Chicago]]
[[Category:Male actors from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Male actors from Montgomery, Alabama]]
[[Category:Musicians from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Musicians from Montgomery, Alabama]]
[[Category:People from North Chicago, Illinois]]
[[Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans]]
[[Category:Singers from Alabama]]
[[Category:Singers from California]]
[[Category:Singers from Chicago]]
[[Category:Spanish-language singers of the United States]]
[[Category:Swing pianists]]
[[Category:Traditional pop music singers]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -78,8 +78,4 @@
==Personal life==
Around the time Cole launched his singing career, he entered into [[Freemasonry]]. He was raised in January 1944 in the Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49 in California. The lodge was named after fellow [[Prince Hall Freemasonry|Prince Hall]] mason and jazz musician [[Fats Waller]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx| title=Famous Masons| publisher=Pinal Lodge No. 30| quotation=member of Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49, of Los Angeles, CA, being initiated on January 9, 1944, the lodge appropriately named for another legendary jazz musician, Fats Waller, himself a Prince Hall Freemason.| access-date=September 30, 2018| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182230/http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx| archive-date=December 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | title = U.S. Notable Freemasons | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510153526/http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | archive-date = May 10, 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> He joined the [[Scottish Rite Freemasonry]],<ref name="businessinsider.com">{{cite web | author1 = C. Sterbenz | author2 = R. Johnson | url = https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T | title = 17 Of The Most Influential Freemasons Ever | date = March 20, 2014 | language = en | website = businessinsider.com | access-date = September 30, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151122015117/https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T | archive-date = November 22, 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref> becoming Master Mason.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | title = Famous Master Masons | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180930201803/http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | archive-date = September 30, 2018 | url-status=live | access-date = September 30, 2018 }}</ref> Cole was "an avid baseball fan", particularly of [[Hank Aaron]]. In 1968, [[Nelson Riddle]] related an incident from some years earlier and told of music studio engineers, searching for a source of noise, finding Cole listening to a game on a transistor radio.<ref name=pc22/>
-
-===Marriages and children===
-[[File:Nat and Maria Cole 1951.jpg|thumb|Cole and his second wife, Maria, 1951]]
-Cole met his first wife, Nadine Robinson, while they were on tour for the all-black Broadway musical ''Shuffle Along''. He was 18 when they married. She was the reason he moved to Los Angeles and formed the Nat King Cole trio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nat-king-cole-mn0000317093/biography | title=Nat King Cole — Biography & History | website=AllMusic|access-date=May 16, 2015}}</ref> This marriage ended in divorce in 1948. On March 28, 1948 (Easter Sunday), six days after his divorce became final, Cole married the singer [[Maria Cole|Maria Hawkins]]. The Coles were married in [[Harlem]]'s [[Abyssinian Baptist Church]] by [[Adam Clayton Powell Jr.]] They had five children: [[Natalie Cole|Natalie]] (1950–2015), who had a successful career as a singer before dying of congestive heart failure at age 65; an adopted daughter, [[Carole Cole|Carole]] (1944–2009, the daughter of Maria's sister), who died of [[lung cancer]] at the age of 64; an adopted son, Nat Kelly Cole (1959–1995), who died of [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] at the age of 36;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=823550&apid=116271 |title=TCM |publisher=TCM |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> and twin daughters, Casey and Timolin (born September 26, 1961), whose birth was announced in the "Milestones" column of ''Time'' magazine on October 6, 1961. Maria supported him during his final illness and stayed with him until his death. In an interview, she emphasized his musical legacy and the class he exhibited despite his imperfections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gale.cengage.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/cole_n.htm|title=Gale:Free Resources:Black History:Biographies: Nat King Cole|publisher=Gale|access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>
===Experiences with racism===
' |
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Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [] |
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0 => '',
1 => '===Marriages and children===',
2 => '[[File:Nat and Maria Cole 1951.jpg|thumb|Cole and his second wife, Maria, 1951]]',
3 => 'Cole met his first wife, Nadine Robinson, while they were on tour for the all-black Broadway musical ''Shuffle Along''. He was 18 when they married. She was the reason he moved to Los Angeles and formed the Nat King Cole trio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nat-king-cole-mn0000317093/biography | title=Nat King Cole — Biography & History | website=AllMusic|access-date=May 16, 2015}}</ref> This marriage ended in divorce in 1948. On March 28, 1948 (Easter Sunday), six days after his divorce became final, Cole married the singer [[Maria Cole|Maria Hawkins]]. The Coles were married in [[Harlem]]'s [[Abyssinian Baptist Church]] by [[Adam Clayton Powell Jr.]] They had five children: [[Natalie Cole|Natalie]] (1950–2015), who had a successful career as a singer before dying of congestive heart failure at age 65; an adopted daughter, [[Carole Cole|Carole]] (1944–2009, the daughter of Maria's sister), who died of [[lung cancer]] at the age of 64; an adopted son, Nat Kelly Cole (1959–1995), who died of [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] at the age of 36;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=823550&apid=116271 |title=TCM |publisher=TCM |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> and twin daughters, Casey and Timolin (born September 26, 1961), whose birth was announced in the "Milestones" column of ''Time'' magazine on October 6, 1961. Maria supported him during his final illness and stayed with him until his death. In an interview, she emphasized his musical legacy and the class he exhibited despite his imperfections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gale.cengage.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/cole_n.htm|title=Gale:Free Resources:Black History:Biographies: Nat King Cole|publisher=Gale|access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American singer and jazz pianist</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048617464">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="">Nat King Cole</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Nat_King_Cole_1959.JPG" class="image" title="Nat King Cole, 1959"><img alt="Nat King Cole, 1959" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Nat_King_Cole_1959.JPG/220px-Nat_King_Cole_1959.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1312" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Nat King Cole, 1959</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Nathaniel Adams Coles</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1919-03-17</span>)</span>March 17, 1919<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery, Alabama</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 15, 1965<span style="display:none">(1965-02-15)</span> (aged 45)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Occupation(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data role"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li>Singer</li><li>musician</li><li>actor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li>Piano</li><li>vocals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1934–1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ammor_Records" title="Ammor Records">Ammor</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Excelsior_Records" title="Excelsior Records">Excelsior</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Associated acts</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscar_Moore" title="Oscar Moore">Oscar Moore</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irving_Ashby" title="Irving Ashby">Irving Ashby</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Collins_(jazz_guitarist)" title="John Collins (jazz guitarist)">John Collins</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dinah_Washington" title="Dinah Washington">Dinah Washington</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div>
<p><b>Nathaniel Adams Coles</b> (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965), known professionally as <b>Nat King Cole</b>, was an American singer, jazz pianist, and actor. He recorded over 100 songs that became hits on the pop charts. His trio was the model for small jazz ensembles that followed. Cole also acted in films and on television and performed on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>. He was the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> man to host an American television series. He was the father of singer-songwriter <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1950–2015).
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Early career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#1940s"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">1940s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#1950s"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">1950s</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#1960s"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">1960s</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Experiences_with_racism"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Experiences with racism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Illness_and_death"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Illness and death</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Posthumous_releases"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Posthumous releases</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Work"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Work</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Discography"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Discography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Filmography"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Filmography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Television"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Television</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Awards_and_honors"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Awards and honors</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography">Biography</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h3>
<p>Nathaniel Adams Coles was born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery, Alabama</a>, on March 17, 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> He had three brothers: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eddie_Cole" title="Eddie Cole">Eddie</a> (1910–1970), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ike_Cole" title="Ike Cole">Ike</a> (1927–2001), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freddy_Cole" title="Freddy Cole">Freddy</a> (1931–2020),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> and a half-sister, Joyce Coles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></sup> Each of the Cole brothers pursued careers in music.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></sup> When Nat King Cole was four years old, the family moved to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, where his father, Edward Coles, became a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a> minister.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>Cole learned to play the organ from his mother, Perlina Coles, the church organist.<sup id="cite_ref-Jr.2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.2011-6">[6]</a></sup> His first performance was "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yes!_We_Have_No_Bananas" title="Yes! We Have No Bananas">Yes! We Have No Bananas</a>" at the age of four.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> He began formal lessons at 12,<sup id="cite_ref-LLC1990_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LLC1990-8">[8]</a></sup> learning jazz, gospel, and classical music on piano "from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Ruuth1992_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruuth1992-9">[9]</a></sup> As a youth, he joined the news delivery boys' "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bud_Billiken_Club" title="Bud Billiken Club">Bud Billiken Club</a>" band for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Chicago_Defender" title="The Chicago Defender">The Chicago Defender</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Cole family moved to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bronzeville,_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronzeville, Chicago">Bronzeville</a> neighborhood of Chicago,<sup id="cite_ref-Jr.2007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.2007-11">[11]</a></sup> where he attended <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wendell_Phillips_Academy_High_School" title="Wendell Phillips Academy High School">Wendell Phillips Academy High School</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> the school <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a> attended a few years later.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> He participated in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Dyett" title="Walter Dyett">Walter Dyett</a>'s music program at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/DuSable_High_School" title="DuSable High School">DuSable High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonner2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonner2011-14">[14]</a></sup> He would sneak out of the house to visit clubs, sitting outside to hear <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Hines" title="Earl Hines">Earl Hines</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmie_Noone" title="Jimmie Noone">Jimmie Noone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_career">Early career</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Nat_King_Cole,_Paramount_Theater,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Nov._1946_LOC_4931764947.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Portrait_of_Nat_King_Cole%2C_Paramount_Theater%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Nov._1946_LOC_4931764947.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Nat_King_Cole%2C_Paramount_Theater%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Nov._1946_LOC_4931764947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="5488" data-file-height="5729" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:(Portrait_of_Nat_King_Cole,_Paramount_Theater,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Nov._1946)_(LOC)_(4931764947).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Nat King Cole, Paramount Theater, New York City, November 1946</div></div></div>
<p>When he was 15, Cole dropped out of high school to pursue a music career. After his brother Eddie, a bassist, came home from touring with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noble_Sissle" title="Noble Sissle">Noble Sissle</a>, they formed a sextet and recorded two singles for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a> in 1936 as Eddie Cole's Swingsters. They performed in a revival of the musical <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shuffle_Along" title="Shuffle Along">Shuffle Along</a></i>. Nat Cole went on tour with the musical. In 1937, he married Nadine Robinson, who was a member of the cast. After the show ended in Los Angeles, Cole and Nadine settled there while he looked for work. He led a big band, then found work playing piano in nightclubs. When a club owner asked him to form a band, he hired bassist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wesley_Prince" title="Wesley Prince">Wesley Prince</a> and guitarist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscar_Moore" title="Oscar Moore">Oscar Moore</a>. They called themselves the King Cole Swingsters after the nursery rhyme in which "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_King_Cole" title="Old King Cole">Old King Cole was a merry old soul</a>". They changed their name to the King Cole Trio before making <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transcription_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription disc">radio transcriptions</a> and recording for small labels.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruhlmann_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>Cole recorded "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sweet_Lorraine" title="Sweet Lorraine">Sweet Lorraine</a>" in 1940, and it became his first hit.<sup id="cite_ref-Yanow_Swing_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yanow_Swing-17">[17]</a></sup> According to legend, his career as a vocalist started when a drunken bar patron demanded that he sing the song. Cole said that this fabricated story sounded good, so he didn't argue with it. In fact, there was a customer one night who demanded that he sing, but because it was a song Cole didn't know, he sang "Sweet Lorraine" instead. As people heard Cole's vocal talent, they requested more vocal songs, and he obliged.<sup id="cite_ref-Intimate_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intimate-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="1940s">1940s</span></h3>
<p>In 1941, the trio recorded "That Ain't Right" for Decca, followed the next year by "All for You" for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Excelsior_Records" title="Excelsior Records">Excelsior</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruhlmann_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-16">[16]</a></sup> They also recorded "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I%27m_Lost" title="I'm Lost">I'm Lost</a>", a song written by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otis_Ren%C3%A9" title="Otis René">Otis René</a>, the owner of Excelsior.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996844942">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I started out to become a jazz pianist; in the meantime I started singing and I sang the way I felt and that's just the way it came out.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Nat King Cole, Voice of America interview, c.1956.<sup id="cite_ref-pc22_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc22-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></cite></div></blockquote>
<p>Cole appeared in the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jazz_at_the_Philharmonic" title="Jazz at the Philharmonic">Jazz at the Philharmonic</a> concerts in 1944. He was credited on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury</a> as "Shorty Nadine", a derivative of his wife's name, because he had an exclusive contract with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> since signing with the label the year before. He recorded with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illinois_Jacquet" title="Illinois Jacquet">Illinois Jacquet</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lester_Young" title="Lester Young">Lester Young</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yanow_Swing_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yanow_Swing-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Nat_King_Cole_Oscar_Moore_Johnny_Miller_King_Cole_Trio_1947.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nat_King_Cole_Oscar_Moore_Johnny_Miller_King_Cole_Trio_1947.JPG/180px-Nat_King_Cole_Oscar_Moore_Johnny_Miller_King_Cole_Trio_1947.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="226" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="921" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Nat_King_Cole_Oscar_Moore_Johnny_Miller_King_Cole_Trio_1947.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>King Cole Trio Time</i> on NBC with Cole on piano, Oscar Moore on guitar, and Johnny Miller on double bass, 1947</div></div></div>
<p>In 1946, the trio broadcast <i>King Cole Trio Time</i>, a 15-minute radio program. This was the first radio program to be sponsored by a black musician. Between 1946 and 1948, the trio recorded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transcription_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription disc">radio transcriptions</a> for Capitol Records Transcription Service.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> They also performed on the radio programs <i>Swing Soiree</i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorillard_Tobacco_Company" title="Lorillard Tobacco Company">Old Gold</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Chesterfield_Supper_Club" title="The Chesterfield Supper Club">The Chesterfield Supper Club</a></i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kraft_Music_Hall" title="Kraft Music Hall">Kraft Music Hall</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Orson_Welles_Almanac" title="The Orson Welles Almanac">The Orson Welles Almanac</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Almanac_Part_1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almanac_Part_1-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>Cole began recording and performing pop-oriented material in which he was often accompanied by a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/String_orchestra" title="String orchestra">string orchestra</a>. His stature as a popular star was cemented by hits such as "All for You" (1943), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Christmas_Song" title="The Christmas Song">The Christmas Song</a>" (1947),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Route_66_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 66 (song)">(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66</a>", "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/(I_Love_You)_For_Sentimental_Reasons" title="(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons">(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons</a>" (1946), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/There!_I%27ve_Said_It_Again" title="There! I've Said It Again">There! I've Said It Again</a>" (1947), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nature_Boy" title="Nature Boy">Nature Boy</a>" (1948), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frosty_The_Snowman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frosty The Snowman">Frosty The Snowman</a>", "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mona_Lisa_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)">Mona Lisa</a>" (No. 1 song of 1950), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orange_Colored_Sky" title="Orange Colored Sky">Orange Colored Sky</a>" (1950), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Too_Young_(Sidney_Lippman_and_Sylvia_Dee_song)" title="Too Young (Sidney Lippman and Sylvia Dee song)">Too Young</a>" (No. 1 song of 1951).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="1950s">1950s</span></h3>
<p>On June 7, 1953, Cole performed for the famed ninth <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Jazz" title="Cavalcade of Jazz">Cavalcade of Jazz</a> concert held at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a> in Chicago which was produced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leon_Hefflin,_Sr." title="Leon Hefflin, Sr.">Leon Hefflin, Sr.</a> Also featured that day were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roy_Brown_(blues_musician)" title="Roy Brown (blues musician)">Roy Brown</a> and his Orchestra, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shorty_Rogers" title="Shorty Rogers">Shorty Rogers</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Bostic" title="Earl Bostic">Earl Bostic</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Tosti" title="Don Tosti">Don Tosti</a> and His Mexican Jazzmen, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> and his All Stars with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Velma_Middleton" title="Velma Middleton">Velma Middleton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 5, 1956, <i>The Nat 'King' Cole Show</i> debuted on NBC. The variety program was one of the first hosted by an African American.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-31">[31]</a></sup> The program started at a length of fifteen-minutes but was increased to a half-hour in July 1957. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rheingold_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheingold Beer">Rheingold Beer</a> was a regional sponsor, but a national sponsor was never found. The show was in trouble financially despite efforts by NBC, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eartha_Kitt" title="Eartha Kitt">Eartha Kitt</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frankie_Laine" title="Frankie Laine">Frankie Laine</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shulman_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shulman-32">[32]</a></sup> Cole decided to end the program. The last episode aired on December 17, 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourse_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourse-33">[33]</a></sup> Commenting on the lack of sponsorship, Cole said shortly after its demise, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madison_Avenue#Advertising_industry" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a> is afraid of the dark."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p><p>Throughout the 1950s, Cole continued to record hits that sold millions throughout the world, such as "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smile_(Charlie_Chaplin_song)" title="Smile (Charlie Chaplin song)">Smile</a>", "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pretend_(1952_song)" title="Pretend (1952 song)">Pretend</a>", "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Blossom_Fell" title="A Blossom Fell">A Blossom Fell</a>", and "If I May". His pop hits were collaborations with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nelson_Riddle" title="Nelson Riddle">Nelson Riddle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pc22_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc22-20">[20]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gordon_Jenkins" title="Gordon Jenkins">Gordon Jenkins</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Carmichael" title="Ralph Carmichael">Ralph Carmichael</a>. Riddle arranged several of Cole's 1950s albums, including <i>Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love</i> (1953), his first 10-inch LP. In 1955, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darling,_Je_Vous_Aime_Beaucoup" title="Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup">Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup</a>" reached number 7 on the <i>Billboard</i> chart. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_Is_the_Thing" title="Love Is the Thing">Love Is the Thing</a></i> went to number one in April 1957 and remained his only number one album.
</p><p>In 1959, he received a Grammy Award for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_Song" title="Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Song">Best Performance By a "Top 40" Artist</a> for "Midnight Flyer".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Capitol_Records_Building_LA.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Capitol_Records_Building_LA.jpg/220px-Capitol_Records_Building_LA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="1677" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Capitol_Records_Building_LA.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capitol_Records_Building" title="Capitol Records Building">Capitol Records Building</a>, known as "The House That Nat Built" on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vine_St." class="mw-redirect" title="Vine St.">Vine St.</a></div></div></div>
<p>In 1958, Cole went to Havana, Cuba, to record <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cole_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Cole Español">Cole Español</a></i>, an album sung entirely in Spanish. It was so popular in Latin America and the U.S. that it was followed by two more Spanish-language albums: <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Mis_Amigos" title="A Mis Amigos">A Mis Amigos</a></i> (1959) and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/More_Cole_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="More Cole Español">More Cole Español</a></i> (1962).
</p><p>After the change in musical tastes, Cole's ballads appealed little to young listeners, despite a successful attempt at rock and roll with "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Send_for_Me_(song)" title="Send for Me (song)">Send for Me</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-pc22_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc22-20">[20]</a></sup> which peaked at number 6 on the pop chart. Like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a>, he found that the pop chart had been taken over by youth-oriented acts.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="1960s">1960s</span></h3>
<p>In 1960, Cole's longtime collaborator Nelson Riddle left Capitol to join <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reprise_Records" title="Reprise Records">Reprise Records</a>, which was established by Frank Sinatra. Riddle and Cole recorded one final hit album, <i>Wild Is Love</i>, with lyrics by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raymond_Rasch" title="Raymond Rasch">Ray Rasch</a> and Dotty Wayne. Cole later retooled the concept album into an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">Off-Broadway</a> show, <i>I'm with You</i>.
</p><p>Nevertheless, Cole recorded several hit singles during the 1960s, including "Let There Be Love" with George Shearing in 1961, the country-flavored hit "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramblin%27_Rose" title="Ramblin' Rose">Ramblin' Rose</a>" in August 1962 (reaching # 2 on the Pop chart), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dear_Lonely_Hearts" title="Dear Lonely Hearts">Dear Lonely Hearts</a>" (#13), "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/That_Sunday,_That_Summer" title="That Sunday, That Summer">That Sunday, That Summer</a>" (#12) and "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Those_Lazy-Hazy-Crazy_Days_of_Summer_(song)" title="Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (song)">Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-pc22_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc22-20">[20]</a></sup> (his final top-ten hit, reaching number 6 on the Pop chart). He performed in many short films, sitcoms, and television shows and played <a href="/enwiki/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a> in the film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Louis_Blues_(1958_film)" title="St. Louis Blues (1958 film)">St. Louis Blues</a></i> (1958). He also appeared in <i>The Nat King Cole Story</i>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China_Gate_(1957_film)" title="China Gate (1957 film)">China Gate</a></i>, and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Blue_Gardenia" title="The Blue Gardenia">The Blue Gardenia</a></i> (1953).
</p><p>In January 1964, Cole made one of his final television appearances, on <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Jack_Benny_Program" title="The Jack Benny Program">The Jack Benny Program</a></i>. He was introduced as "the best friend a song ever had" and sang "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/When_I_Fall_in_Love" title="When I Fall in Love">When I Fall in Love</a>". <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cat_Ballou" title="Cat Ballou">Cat Ballou</a></i> (1965), his final film, was released several months after his death.
</p><p>Earlier on, Cole's shift to traditional pop led some jazz critics and fans to accuse him of selling out, but he never abandoned his jazz roots; as late as 1956 he recorded an all-jazz album, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/After_Midnight_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="After Midnight (Nat King Cole album)">After Midnight</a></i>, and many of his albums after this are fundamentally jazz-based, being scored for big band without strings, although the arrangements focus primarily on the vocal rather than instrumental leads.
</p><p>Cole had one of his last major hits in 1963, two years before his death, with "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Those_Lazy-Hazy-Crazy_Days_of_Summer_(song)" title="Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (song)">Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer</a>", which reached number 6 on the Pop chart. "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" was made famous again in 1991 by Cole's daughter Natalie when modern recording technology was used to reunite father and daughter in a duet. The duet version rose to the top of the pop charts, almost forty years after its original popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup>
</p><p>Nat's final studio album was titled, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/L-O-V-E" title="L-O-V-E">L-O-V-E</a>". The album peaked at #4 on the Billboard Albums chart in the spring of 1965.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
<p>Around the time Cole launched his singing career, he entered into <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a>. He was raised in January 1944 in the Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49 in California. The lodge was named after fellow <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall</a> mason and jazz musician <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> He joined the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scottish_Rite_Freemasonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Rite Freemasonry">Scottish Rite Freemasonry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-businessinsider.com_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider.com-40">[40]</a></sup> becoming Master Mason.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> Cole was "an avid baseball fan", particularly of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a>. In 1968, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nelson_Riddle" title="Nelson Riddle">Nelson Riddle</a> related an incident from some years earlier and told of music studio engineers, searching for a source of noise, finding Cole listening to a game on a transistor radio.<sup id="cite_ref-pc22_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc22-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Experiences_with_racism">Experiences with racism</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Natcuba.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Natcuba.jpg/220px-Natcuba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1503" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Natcuba.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Bust of Nat King Cole in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba" title="Hotel Nacional de Cuba">Hotel Nacional de Cuba</a></div></div></div>
<p>In August 1948, Cole purchased a house from Col. Harry Gantz, the former husband of the silent film actress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lois_Weber" title="Lois Weber">Lois Weber</a>, in the all-white <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hancock_Park,_Los_Angeles" title="Hancock Park, Los Angeles">Hancock Park</a> neighborhood of Los Angeles. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, which was active in Los Angeles in the 1950s, responded by placing a burning cross on his front lawn. Members of the property-owners association told Cole they did not want any "undesirables" moving into the neighborhood. Cole responded, "Neither do I. And if I see anybody undesirable coming in here, I'll be the first to complain."<sup id="cite_ref-Levinson2005_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levinson2005-42">[42]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1956 Cole was contracted to perform in Cuba. He wanted to stay at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hotel_Nacional_de_Cuba" title="Hotel Nacional de Cuba">Hotel Nacional de Cuba</a> in Havana but was refused because it operated a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">color bar</a>. Cole honored his contract, and the concert at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tropicana_Club" title="Tropicana Club">Tropicana Club</a> was a huge success. During the following year, he returned to Cuba for another concert, singing many songs in Spanish.
</p><p>In 1956 Cole was assaulted on stage during a concert in Birmingham, Alabama, with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Heath_(bandleader)" title="Ted Heath (bandleader)">Ted Heath</a> Band while singing the song "Little Girl". Having circulated photographs of Cole with white female fans bearing incendiary boldface captions reading "Cole and His White Women" and "Cole and Your Daughter"<sup id="cite_ref-Burford_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burford-43">[43]</a></sup> three men belonging to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Original_Ku_Klux_Klan_of_the_Confederacy" title="Original Ku Klux Klan of the Confederacy">North Alabama Citizens Council</a> assaulted Cole, apparently attempting to kidnap him. The three assailants ran down the aisles of the auditorium towards Cole. Local law enforcement quickly ended the invasion of the stage, but in the ensuing mêlée Cole was toppled from his piano bench and injured his back. He did not finish the concert. A fourth member of the group was later arrested. All were tried and convicted.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> Cole received a slight back injury during the scuffle. Six men, including 23-year-old Willie Richard Vinson, were formally charged with assault with intent to murder him, but later the charge against four of them was changed to conspiracy to commit a misdemeanor. The original plan to attack Cole included 150 men from Birmingham and nearby towns.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup>
</p><p>After being attacked in Birmingham, Cole said, "I can't understand it ... I have not taken part in any protests. Nor have I joined an organization fighting segregation. Why should they attack me?" Cole said he wanted to forget the incident and continued to play for segregated audiences in the south. He said he could not change the situation in a day. He contributed money to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a> and had sued northern hotels that had hired him but refused to serve him. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a>, the chief legal counsel of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">NAACP</a>, called him an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uncle_Tom" title="Uncle Tom">Uncle Tom</a> and said he should perform with a banjo. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a>, executive secretary of the NAACP, wrote him a telegram that said:
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996844942"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You have not been a crusader or engaged in an effort to change the customs or laws of the South. That responsibility, newspapers quote you as saying, you leave to the other guys. That attack upon you clearly indicates that organized bigotry makes no distinction between those who do not actively challenge racial discrimination and those who do. This is a fight which none of us can escape. We invite you to join us in a crusade against racism.<sup id="cite_ref-Altschuler2003_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altschuler2003-46">[46]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Chicago_Defender" title="The Chicago Defender">The Chicago Defender</a></i> said Cole's performances for all-white audiences were an insult to his race. The <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_Amsterdam_News" title="New York Amsterdam News">New York Amsterdam News</a></i> said that "thousands of Harlem blacks who have worshiped at the shrine of singer Nat King Cole turned their backs on him this week as the noted crooner turned his back on the NAACP and said that he will continue to play to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a> audiences". To play "Uncle Nat's" discs, wrote a commentator in <i>The American Negro</i>, "would be supporting his 'traitor' ideas and narrow way of thinking". Deeply hurt by the criticism in the black press, Cole was chastened. Emphasizing his opposition to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> "in any form", he agreed to join other entertainers in boycotting segregated venues. He paid $500 to become a lifetime member of the Detroit branch of the NAACP. Until his death in 1965, Cole was an active and visible participant in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, playing an important role in planning the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilbert1988_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilbert1988-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sussman_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sussman-48">[48]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3>
<p>Cole performed in 1956 for President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>'s televised birthday celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> At the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956 Republican National Convention</a>, he sang "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/That%27s_All_There_Is_to_That" title="That's All There Is to That">That's All There Is to That</a>" and was "greeted with applause".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> He was also present at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a> in 1960 to support Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. He was among the dozens of entertainers recruited by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> to perform at the Kennedy Inaugural gala in 1961. Cole consulted with President Kennedy and his successor, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, on civil rights.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</span></h2>
<p>In September 1964, Cole began to lose weight and he experienced back problems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999338_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999338-51">[51]</a></sup> He collapsed with pain after performing at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sands_Hotel_and_Casino" title="Sands Hotel and Casino">Sands Hotel</a> in Las Vegas. In December, he was working in San Francisco when he was finally persuaded by friends to seek medical help. A malignant tumor in an advanced state of growth on his left lung was observed on a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chest_radiograph" title="Chest radiograph">chest X-ray</a>. Cole, who had been a heavy cigarette smoker, had <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a> and was expected to have only months to live.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> Against his doctors' wishes, Cole carried on his work and made his final recordings between December 1 and 3 in San Francisco, with an orchestra conducted by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Carmichael" title="Ralph Carmichael">Ralph Carmichael</a>. The music was released on the album <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L-O-V-E_(album)" title="L-O-V-E (album)">L-O-V-E</a></i> shortly before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999342_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999342-53">[53]</a></sup> His daughter noted later that he did this to assure the welfare of his family.
</p><p>Cole entered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Health_Center" title="Saint John's Health Center">Saint John's Health Center</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a> on December 7, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cobalt_therapy" title="Cobalt therapy">cobalt therapy</a> was started on December 10. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> performed in Cole's place at the grand opening of the new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dorothy_Chandler_Pavilion" title="Dorothy Chandler Pavilion">Dorothy Chandler Pavilion</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Angeles_Music_Center" title="Los Angeles Music Center">Los Angeles Music Center</a> on December 12.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999347_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999347-54">[54]</a></sup> Cole's condition gradually worsened, but he was released from the hospital over the New Year's period. At home Cole was able to see the hundreds of thousands of cards and letters that had been sent after news of his illness was made public. Cole returned to the hospital in early January. He also sent $5,000 (US$41,722 in 2020 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-55">[55]</a></sup>) to actress and singer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gunilla_Hutton" title="Gunilla Hutton">Gunilla Hutton</a>, with whom he had been romantically involved since early 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> Hutton later telephoned Maria and implored her to divorce him. Maria confronted her husband, and Cole finally broke off the relationship with Hutton.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999350_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999350-57">[57]</a></sup> Cole's illness reconciled him with his wife, and he vowed that if he recovered he would go on television to urge people to stop smoking. On January 25, Cole's entire left lung was surgically removed. His father died of heart problems on February 1.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999355_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999355-58">[58]</a></sup> Throughout Cole's illness his publicists promoted the idea that he would soon be well and working, despite the private knowledge of his terminal condition. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)"><i>Billboard</i></a> magazine reported that "Nat King Cole has successfully come through a serious operation and... the future looks bright for 'the master' to resume his career again".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> On Valentine's Day, Cole and his wife briefly left St. John's to drive by the sea. He died at the hospital early in the morning of February 15, 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999356_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999356-60">[60]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Nat_King_Cole_mausoleum.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Nat_King_Cole_mausoleum.jpg/220px-Nat_King_Cole_mausoleum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="186" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Nat_King_Cole_mausoleum.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cole's vault at Forest Lawn Memorial Park</div></div></div>
<p>Cole's funeral was held on February 18 at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._James%27_Episcopal_Church_(Los_Angeles,_California)" title="St. James' Episcopal Church (Los Angeles, California)">St.James' Episcopal Church</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilshire_Boulevard" title="Wilshire Boulevard">Wilshire Boulevard</a> in Los Angeles; 400 people were present, and thousands gathered outside the church. Hundreds of members of the public had filed past the coffin the day before.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999358_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999358-61">[61]</a></sup> Honorary pallbearers included <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danny_Thomas" title="Danny Thomas">Danny Thomas</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Durante" title="Jimmy Durante">Jimmy Durante</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alan_W._Livingston" title="Alan W. Livingston">Alan Livingston</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frankie_Laine" title="Frankie Laine">Frankie Laine</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Allen" title="Steve Allen">Steve Allen</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">Pat Brown</a> (the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor of California</a>). The eulogy was delivered by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>, who said that "Nat Cole was a man who gave so much and still had so much to give. He gave it in song, in friendship to his fellow man, devotion to his family. He was a star, a tremendous success as an entertainer, an institution. But he was an even greater success as a man, as a husband, as a father, as a friend."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999359_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999359-62">[62]</a></sup> Cole's remains were interred in Freedom Mausoleum at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Glendale)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)">Forest Lawn Memorial Park</a>, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a>, California.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999360_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999360-63">[63]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Posthumous_releases">Posthumous releases</span></h2>
<p>Cole's last album, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L-O-V-E_(album)" title="L-O-V-E (album)">L-O-V-E</a></i>, was recorded in early December 1964—just a few days before he entered the hospital for cancer treatment—and was released just before he died. It peaked at number 4 on the <i>Billboard</i> Albums chart in the spring of 1965. A <i>Best Of</i> album was certified a gold record in 1968. His 1957 recording of "When I Fall in Love" reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1987, released in reaction to a version by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Astley" title="Rick Astley">Rick Astley</a> challenging for the coveted Christmas number 1 spot.
</p><p>In 1983, an archivist for EMI <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electrola" title="Electrola">Electrola</a> Records, a subsidiary of EMI Records (Capitol's parent company) in Germany, discovered some unreleased recordings by Cole, including one in Japanese and another in Spanish ("Tu Eres Tan Amable"). Capitol released them later that year as the LP <i>Unreleased</i>.
</p><p>In 1991, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mosaic_Records" title="Mosaic Records">Mosaic Records</a> released <i>The Complete Capitol Records Recordings of the Nat King Cole Trio</i>, a compilation of 349 songs available as an 18-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a> or a 27-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP</a> set. In 2008 it was re-released in digital-download format through services like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a>.
</p><p>Also in 1991, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> recorded a new vocal track that was mixed with her father's 1961 stereo re-recording of his 1951 hit "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" for a tribute album of the same title. The song and album won seven Grammy awards in 1992 for Best Album and Best Song.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Work">Work</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Discography">Discography</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_discography" title="Nat King Cole discography">Nat King Cole discography</a></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_King_Cole_Trio_(album)" title="The King Cole Trio (album)">The King Cole Trio</a></i> (1944)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_King_Cole_Trio_(album)" title="The King Cole Trio (album)">The King Cole Trio, Volume 2</a></i> (1946)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_King_Cole_Trio_(album)" title="The King Cole Trio (album)">The King Cole Trio, Volume 3</a></i> (1947)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_King_Cole_Trio_(album)" title="The King Cole Trio (album)">The King Cole Trio, Volume 4</a></i> (1949)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_at_the_Piano" title="Nat King Cole at the Piano">Nat King Cole at the Piano</a></i> (1950)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest_of_Hits" title="Harvest of Hits">Harvest of Hits</a></i> (1950)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_Cole_for_Kids" title="King Cole for Kids">King Cole for Kids</a></i> (1951)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penthouse_Serenade" title="Penthouse Serenade">Penthouse Serenade</a></i> (1952)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Top_Pops" title="Top Pops">Top Pops</a></i> (1952)</li>
<li><i>Two In Love</i> (1953)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole album)">Unforgettable</a></i> (1954)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penthouse_Serenade" title="Penthouse Serenade">Penthouse Serenade</a></i> (1955)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_Sings_for_Two_in_Love" title="Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love">Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love</a></i> (1955)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Piano_Style_of_Nat_King_Cole" title="The Piano Style of Nat King Cole">The Piano Style of Nat King Cole</a></i> (1955)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/After_Midnight_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="After Midnight (Nat King Cole album)">After Midnight</a></i> (1957)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Just_One_of_Those_Things_(album)" title="Just One of Those Things (album)">Just One of Those Things</a></i> (1957)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_Is_the_Thing" title="Love Is the Thing">Love Is the Thing</a></i> (1957)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cole_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Cole Español">Cole Español</a></i> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Louis_Blues_(album)" title="St. Louis Blues (album)">St. Louis Blues</a></i> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Very_Thought_of_You_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="The Very Thought of You (Nat King Cole album)">The Very Thought of You</a></i> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/To_Whom_It_May_Concern_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="To Whom It May Concern (Nat King Cole album)">To Whom It May Concern</a></i> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Club_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="Welcome to the Club (Nat King Cole album)">Welcome to the Club</a></i> (1958)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Mis_Amigos" title="A Mis Amigos">A Mis Amigos</a></i> (1959)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tell_Me_All_About_Yourself" title="Tell Me All About Yourself">Tell Me All About Yourself</a></i> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Every_Time_I_Feel_the_Spirit" title="Every Time I Feel the Spirit">Every Time I Feel the Spirit</a></i> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wild_Is_Love" title="Wild Is Love">Wild Is Love</a></i> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Magic_of_Christmas_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="The Magic of Christmas (Nat King Cole album)">The Magic of Christmas</a></i> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Nat_King_Cole_Story" title="The Nat King Cole Story">The Nat King Cole Story</a></i> (1961)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Touch_of_Your_Lips_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Touch of Your Lips (album)">The Touch of Your Lips</a></i> (1961)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_Sings/George_Shearing_Plays" title="Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays">Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramblin%27_Rose_(album)" title="Ramblin' Rose (album)">Ramblin' Rose</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dear_Lonely_Hearts" title="Dear Lonely Hearts">Dear Lonely Hearts</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/More_Cole_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="More Cole Español">More Cole Español</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Those_Lazy-Hazy-Crazy_Days_of_Summer" title="Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer">Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Where_Did_Everyone_Go%3F" title="Where Did Everyone Go?">Where Did Everyone Go?</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_Sings_My_Fair_Lady" title="Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady">Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady</a></i> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Let%27s_Face_the_Music!" title="Let's Face the Music!">Let's Face the Music!</a></i> (1964, recorded 1961)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Don%27t_Want_to_Be_Hurt_Anymore" title="I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore">I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore</a></i> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L-O-V-E_(album)" title="L-O-V-E (album)">L-O-V-E</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i>Nat King Cole Sings His Songs From 'Cat Ballou' and Other Motion Pictures</i> (1965)</li>
<li><i>Live at the Sands</i> (1966, recorded 1960)</li></ul>
</div>
<p>His hit singles include "Straighten Up and Fly Right" 1944 #8, "The Christmas Song" 1946/1962/2018 #?/#65/#11, "Nature Boy" 1948 #1, "Mona Lisa 1950 #1, "Frosty, The Snowman" 1950 #9, "Too Young" 1951 #1, "Unforgettable" 1951 #12, "Somewhere Along the Way" 1952 #8, "Answer Me, My Love" 1954 #6, "A Blossom Fell" 1955 #2, "If I May" 1955 #8, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Send_for_Me_(song)" title="Send for Me (song)">Send for Me</a>" 1957 #6, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Looking_Back_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Looking Back (Nat King Cole song)">Looking Back</a>" 1958 #5, "Ramblin' Rose" 1962 #2, "Those Lazy, Hazy, Crazy Days of Summer" 1963 #6, "Unforgettable" 1991 (with daughter Natalie)
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Filmography">Filmography</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable unsortable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Year
</th>
<th>Title
</th>
<th>Role
</th>
<th class="unsortable">Notes
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1943
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Here_Comes_Elmer" title="Here Comes Elmer">Here Comes Elmer</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1943
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pistol_Packin%27_Mama_(film)" title="Pistol Packin' Mama (film)">Pistol Packin' Mama</a></i>
</td>
<td>As part of the King Cole Trio
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pin_Up_Girl_(film)" title="Pin Up Girl (film)">Pin Up Girl</a></i>
</td>
<td>Canteen pianist
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stars_on_Parade_(1944_film)" title="Stars on Parade (1944 film)">Stars on Parade</a></i>
</td>
<td>As part of the King Cole Trio
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swing_in_the_Saddle" title="Swing in the Saddle">Swing in the Saddle</a></i>
</td>
<td>As part of the King Cole Trio
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944
</td>
<td><i>See My Lawyer</i>
</td>
<td>Specialty act
</td>
<td>As part of the King Cole Trio
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944
</td>
<td><i>Is You Is, or Is You Ain't My Baby?</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1945
</td>
<td><i>Frim Fram Sauce</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1946
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breakfast_in_Hollywood#Film" title="Breakfast in Hollywood">Breakfast in Hollywood</a></i>
</td>
<td>As part of the King Cole Trio
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1946
</td>
<td><i>Errand Boy for Rhythm</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1946
</td>
<td><i>Come to Baby Do</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1948
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killer_Diller_(1948_film)" title="Killer Diller (1948 film)">Killer Diller</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>As part of the King Cole Trio
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1949
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Make_Believe_Ballroom" title="Make Believe Ballroom">Make Believe Ballroom</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>As part of the King Cole Trio
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1950
</td>
<td><i>King Cole Trio & Benny Carter Orchestra</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>You Call It Madness</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>When I Fall in Love</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>The Trouble with Me Is You</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>Sweet Lorraine</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>Route 66</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nature_Boy" title="Nature Boy">Nature Boy</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>Mona Lisa</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>Home</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>For Sentimental Reasons</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i>Calypso Blues</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1952
</td>
<td><i>Nat "King" Cole and Joe Adams Orchestra</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Blue_Gardenia" title="The Blue Gardenia">The Blue Gardenia</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Small_Town_Girl_(1953_film)" title="Small Town Girl (1953 film)">Small Town Girl</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953
</td>
<td><i>Nat "King" Cole and Russ Morgan and His Orchestra</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kiss_Me_Deadly" title="Kiss Me Deadly">Kiss Me Deadly</a></i>
</td>
<td>Singer
</td>
<td>Voice
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rhythm_and_Blues_Revue" title="Rhythm and Blues Revue">Rhythm and Blues Revue</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Documentary
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rock_%27n%27_Roll_Revue" title="Rock 'n' Roll Revue">Rock 'n' Roll Revue</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955
</td>
<td><i>The Nat 'King' Cole Musical Story</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Short subject
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955
</td>
<td><i>Rhythm and Blues Revue</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Documentary
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1956
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Scarlet_Hour" title="The Scarlet Hour">The Scarlet Hour</a></i>
</td>
<td>Nightclub vocalist
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1956
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basin_Street_Revue" title="Basin Street Revue">Basin Street Revue</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1957
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Istanbul_(film)" title="Istanbul (film)">Istanbul</a></i>
</td>
<td>Danny Rice
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1957
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/China_Gate_(1957_film)" title="China Gate (1957 film)">China Gate</a></i>
</td>
<td>Goldie
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1958
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Louis_Blues_(1958_film)" title="St. Louis Blues (1958 film)">St. Louis Blues</a></i>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1959
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Night_of_the_Quarter_Moon" title="Night of the Quarter Moon">Night of the Quarter Moon</a></i>
</td>
<td>Cy Robbin
</td>
<td>A.k.a. <i>The Color of Her Skin</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1959
</td>
<td><i>Premier Khrushchev in the USA</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Documentary
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960
</td>
<td><i>Schlager-Raketen</i>
</td>
<td>Sänger, Himself
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1965
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cat_Ballou" title="Cat Ballou">Cat Ballou</a></i>
</td>
<td>Shouter
</td>
<td>Released posthumously, (final film role)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1989
</td>
<td><i>Benny Carter: Symphony in Riffs</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Documentary
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Television">Television</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable unsortable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Year
</th>
<th>Title
</th>
<th>Role
</th>
<th class="unsortable">Notes
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1950
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>14 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951–1952
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texaco_Star_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Texaco Star Theatre">Texaco Star Theatre</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>3 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1952–1955
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Jackie_Gleason_Show" title="The Jackie Gleason Show">The Jackie Gleason Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>2 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Red_Skelton_Show" title="The Red Skelton Show">The Red Skelton Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Episode #2.20
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953–1961
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/What%27s_My_Line%3F" title="What's My Line?">What's My Line?</a></i>
</td>
<td>"Mystery guest"
</td>
<td>2 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1954–1955
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Colgate_Comedy_Hour" title="The Colgate Comedy Hour">The Colgate Comedy Hour</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>4 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1955
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ford_Star_Jubilee" title="Ford Star Jubilee">Ford Star Jubilee</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>2 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1956–1957
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Nat_King_Cole_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nat King Cole Show">The Nat King Cole Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Host
</td>
<td>42 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1957–1960
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Dinah_Shore_Chevy_Show" title="The Dinah Shore Chevy Show">The Dinah Shore Chevy Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>2 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1958
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Patti_Page_Show" title="The Patti Page Show">The Patti Page Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Episode #1.5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1959
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Perry_Como_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Perry Como Show">The Perry Como Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Episode: January 17, 1959
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1959
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_George_Gobel_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The George Gobel Show">The George Gobel Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Episode #5.10
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Steve_Allen_Show" title="The Steve Allen Show">The Steve Allen Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Episode #5.21
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life" title="This Is Your Life">This Is Your Life</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Episode: "Nat King Cole"
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960
</td>
<td><i>Academy Award Songs</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>TV movie
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960
</td>
<td><i>Special Gala to Support Kennedy Campaign</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>TV movie
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1961
</td>
<td><i>Main Event</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>TV movie
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1961–1964
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Garry_Moore_Show" title="The Garry Moore Show">The Garry Moore Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>4 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1962–1964
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Jack_Paar_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jack Paar Program">The Jack Paar Program</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>4 episodes
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1963
</td>
<td><i>An Evening with Nat King Cole</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>TV movie
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1963
</td>
<td><i>An Evening with Nat King Cole</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>BBC Television special
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1963
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Danny_Kaye_Show" title="The Danny Kaye Show">The Danny Kaye Show</a></i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>Episode #1.14
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1964
</td>
<td><i>Freedom Spectacular</i>
</td>
<td>Himself
</td>
<td>TV movie
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1964
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Jack_Benny_Program_(television_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jack Benny Program (television series)">The Jack Benny Program</a></i>
</td>
<td>Nat
</td>
<td>Episode: "Nat King Cole, Guest"
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Alabama_State_University_December_2018_28_(Nat_%22King%22_Cole_Birthplace).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Alabama_State_University_December_2018_28_%28Nat_%22King%22_Cole_Birthplace%29.jpg/220px-Alabama_State_University_December_2018_28_%28Nat_%22King%22_Cole_Birthplace%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Alabama_State_University_December_2018_28_(Nat_%22King%22_Cole_Birthplace).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cole's birthplace on the campus of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alabama_State_University" title="Alabama State University">Alabama State University</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></div></div></div>
<p>Cole was inducted into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alabama_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Alabama Music Hall of Fame">Alabama Music Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alabama_Jazz_Hall_of_Fame" title="Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame">Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame</a>. He was awarded the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> in 1990. He was inducted into the <i>Down Beat</i> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Down_Beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Down Beat">Jazz Hall of Fame</a> in 1997 and the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007. A United States postage stamp with Cole's likeness was issued in 1994. He was inducted into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in 2000 and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin_Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame">Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup>
</p><p>Cole's success at Capitol Records, for which he recorded more than 150 singles that reached the <i>Billboard</i> Pop, R&B, and Country charts, has yet to be matched by any Capitol artist.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> His records sold 50 million copies during his career.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> His recording of "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Christmas_Song" title="The Christmas Song">The Christmas Song</a>" still receives airplay every holiday season, even hitting the Billboard Top 40 in December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</span></h2>
<p>Cole's music is used throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai" title="Wong Kar-wai">Wong Kar-wai</a>'s romantic drama <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/In_the_Mood_for_Love" title="In the Mood for Love">In the Mood for Love</a></i> (2000) including the songs, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquellos_Ojos_Verdes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquellos Ojos Verdes">Aquellos Ojos Verdes</a>", "Te Quiero Dijiste", "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quiz%C3%A1s,_Quiz%C3%A1s,_Quiz%C3%A1s" title="Quizás, Quizás, Quizás">Quizás, Quizás, Quizás</a>". Cole's song <a href="/enwiki/wiki/L-O-V-E" title="L-O-V-E">L-O-V-E</a> was used at the beginning of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Meyers" title="Nancy Meyers">Nancy Meyers</a>' <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Parent_Trap_(1998_film)" title="The Parent Trap (1998 film)">The Parent Trap</a></i> (1998) with his daughter singing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/This_Will_Be" title="This Will Be">This Will Be</a> as the ending credits song. Cole's music was also used in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terence_Davies" title="Terence Davies">Terence Davies</a>' film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Long_Day_Closes_(film)" title="The Long Day Closes (film)">The Long Day Closes</a></i> (1990) including his rendition of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Long_Day_Closes_(song)" title="The Long Day Closes (song)">The Long Day Closes</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
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<ul>
<li><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/32px-Audio_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/48px-Audio_a.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/64px-Audio_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li>
<li><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" title="List of African-American firsts">List of African-American firsts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Ethel_Waters_Show" title="The Ethel Waters Show">The Ethel Waters Show</a></i>. Ethel Waters was the first black American to host an eponymous television program, broadcast in 1939 on the NBC experimental television station in New York City.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFChilla2019" class="citation web cs1">Chilla, Mark (March 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianapublicmedia.org/afterglow/nat-king-coles-remarkable-1958.php">"Nat King Cole Centennial: Cole's Remarkable 1958"</a>. Indiana Public Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nat+King+Cole+Centennial%3A+Cole%27s+Remarkable+1958&rft.pub=Indiana+Public+Media&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft.aulast=Chilla&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianapublicmedia.org%2Fafterglow%2Fnat-king-coles-remarkable-1958.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nat-king-cole.org/biography.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070213054338/http://www.nat-king-cole.org/biography.html">Archived</a> February 13, 2007, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.npr.org/programs/jazzprofiles/archive/cole_f.html">"NPR's Jazz Profiles: Freddy Cole"</a>. <i>www.npr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.npr.org&rft.atitle=NPR%27s+Jazz+Profiles%3A+Freddy+Cole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.npr.org%2Fprograms%2Fjazzprofiles%2Farchive%2Fcole_f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2015" class="citation news cs1">Crawford, Trish (June 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2015/06/12/how-i-got-the-jazz-gene-seven-artists-reveal-their-roots.html">"How I got the jazz gene: seven artists reveal their roots"</a>. <i>The Toronto Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=How+I+got+the+jazz+gene%3A+seven+artists+reveal+their+roots&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Trish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2015%2F06%2F12%2Fhow-i-got-the-jazz-gene-seven-artists-reveal-their-roots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/38486512/">"The Pittsburgh Courier from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on February 13, 1965 · Page 2"</a>. <i>Newspapers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&rft.atitle=The+Pittsburgh+Courier+from+Pittsburgh%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+on+February+13%2C+1965+%C2%B7+Page+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fnewspage%2F38486512%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Jr.2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.2011_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHornsby_Jr.2011" class="citation book cs1">Hornsby Jr., Alton (August 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TkGMnE6g1qMC&pg=PA12"><i>Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 12–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34112-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34112-0"><bdi>978-0-313-34112-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+America%3A+A+State-by-State+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=12-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011-08-23&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34112-0&rft.aulast=Hornsby+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Alton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTkGMnE6g1qMC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-nat-king-cole-19650216-story.html">"From the Archives: Nat 'King' Cole dies of cancer at 45"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. February 16, 1965. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=From+the+Archives%3A+Nat+%27King%27+Cole+dies+of+cancer+at+45&rft.date=1965-02-16&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Farchives%2Fla-me-nat-king-cole-19650216-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-LLC1990-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LLC1990_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSPIN_Media1990" class="citation book cs1">SPIN Media (June 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KFnjqV3F0AC&pg=RA1-PA2002"><i>SPIN</i></a>. SPIN Media. pp. 1–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SPIN&rft.pages=1-&rft.pub=SPIN+Media&rft.date=1990-06&rft.au=SPIN+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0KFnjqV3F0AC%26pg%3DRA1-PA2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ruuth1992-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ruuth1992_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRuuth1992" class="citation book cs1">Ruuth, Marianne (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-k6G_T83wRIC&pg=PA32"><i>Nat King Cole</i></a>. Holloway House Publishing. pp. 32–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87067-593-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87067-593-5"><bdi>978-0-87067-593-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nat+King+Cole&rft.pages=32-&rft.pub=Holloway+House+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-87067-593-5&rft.aulast=Ruuth&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-k6G_T83wRIC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHinton2018" class="citation news cs1">Hinton, Rachel (August 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chicago.suntimes.com/2018/8/9/18394524/bud-billiken-day-parade-reaches-89th-year">"Bud Billiken Day Parade reaches 89th year"</a>. <i>Chicago Sun-Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Bud+Billiken+Day+Parade+reaches+89th+year&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchicago.suntimes.com%2F2018%2F8%2F9%2F18394524%2Fbud-billiken-day-parade-reaches-89th-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Jr.2007-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.2007_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBrewer_Jr.2007" class="citation book cs1">Brewer Jr., John M. (June 20, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_P7HunpICbYC&pg=PT37"><i>Pittsburgh Jazz</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 37–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-3464-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-3464-6"><bdi>978-1-4396-3464-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pittsburgh+Jazz&rft.pages=37-&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2007-06-20&rft.isbn=978-1-4396-3464-6&rft.aulast=Brewer+Jr.&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_P7HunpICbYC%26pg%3DPT37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-12-15/news/0212150244_1_new-uniforms-harlem-globetrotters-american-stock-exchange">"Phillips High School is cradle of history"</a>. <i>tribunedigital-chicagotribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=tribunedigital-chicagotribune&rft.atitle=Phillips+High+School+is+cradle+of+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.chicagotribune.com%2F2002-12-15%2Fnews%2F0212150244_1_new-uniforms-harlem-globetrotters-american-stock-exchange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2006/01/19/5163408/tracing-the-highs-and-tragic-end-of-sam-cooke">"Tracing the Highs and Tragic End of Sam Cooke"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Tracing+the+Highs+and+Tragic+End+of+Sam+Cooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2006%2F01%2F19%2F5163408%2Ftracing-the-highs-and-tragic-end-of-sam-cooke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Bonner2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bonner2011_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBonner2011" class="citation book cs1">Bonner, Wilma F. (January 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1bb7OdRybtIC&pg=PA162"><i>The Sumner Story: Capturing Our History Preserving Our Legacy</i></a>. Morgan James Publishing. pp. 162–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60037-782-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60037-782-2"><bdi>978-1-60037-782-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sumner+Story%3A+Capturing+Our+History+Preserving+Our+Legacy&rft.pages=162-&rft.pub=Morgan+James+Publishing&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-60037-782-2&rft.aulast=Bonner&rft.aufirst=Wilma+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1bb7OdRybtIC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historychannel.com.au/articles/nat-king-cole-is-born/">"Nat "King" Cole Is Born"</a>. <i>History Channel</i>. June 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Channel&rft.atitle=Nat+%22King%22+Cole+Is+Born&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historychannel.com.au%2Farticles%2Fnat-king-cole-is-born%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ruhlmann-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruhlmann_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruhlmann_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRuhlmann" class="citation web cs1">Ruhlmann, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nat-king-cole-mn0000317093/biography">"Nat King Cole"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Nat+King+Cole&rft.aulast=Ruhlmann&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fnat-king-cole-mn0000317093%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Yanow_Swing-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yanow_Swing_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yanow_Swing_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFYanow2000" class="citation book cs1">Yanow, Scott (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/swing00yano/page/203"><i>Swing</i></a>. San Francisco: Miller Freeman. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/swing00yano/page/203">203</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-600-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-600-7"><bdi>978-0-87930-600-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swing&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-600-7&rft.aulast=Yanow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fswing00yano%2Fpage%2F203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Intimate-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Intimate_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCole1971" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Maria (September 1971). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natkingcoleintim00cole"><i>Nat King Cole: An Intimate Biography</i></a></span>. William Morrow. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0688021535" title="Special:BookSources/978-0688021535"><bdi>978-0688021535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nat+King+Cole%3A+An+Intimate+Biography&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1971-09&rft.isbn=978-0688021535&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnatkingcoleintim00cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315223539/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT85&lpg=PT85&dq=%22Excelsior+Records%22+Rene&source=bl&ots=WGb7s0l1Un&sig=4d9p5VXP5s9T0nsJFji0eYTXagY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FyZHT9rsHIHh0QHww_WCDg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA">"Buck-Five Disk of Indies Seen Different Ways"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. September 1, 1945. Retrieved February 24, 2012.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-pc22-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pc22_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc22_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc22_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc22_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc22_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1969" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Gilliland" title="John Gilliland">Gilliland, John</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19775/m1/">"Show 22 – Smack Dab in the Middle on Route 66: A Skinny Dip in the Easy Listening Mainstream. [Part 1]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(audio)</span>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pop_Chronicles" title="Pop Chronicles">Pop Chronicles</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_North_Texas_Libraries" title="University of North Texas Libraries">University of North Texas Libraries</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Show+22+%E2%80%93+Smack+Dab+in+the+Middle+on+Route+66%3A+A+Skinny+Dip+in+the+Easy+Listening+Mainstream.+%5BPart+1%5D&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc19775%2Fm1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span> </span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1692127/">"Pop Chronicles Interviews #131 - Nat "King" Cole"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pop_Chronicles" title="Pop Chronicles">Pop Chronicles</a></i>. University of North Texas Libraries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090402023122/http://www.library.unt.edu/music/special-collections/john-gilliland/index-to-interviews">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Pop+Chronicles+Interviews+%23131+-+Nat+%22King%22+Cole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc1692127%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHolmes,_RoyWindisch,_Simon" class="citation web cs1">Holmes, Roy; Windisch, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116040836/http://highstreets.co.uk/kcc/html/biograph.htm">"Nat King Cole Biography"</a>. <i>Highstreets.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://highstreets.co.uk/kcc/html/biograph.htm">the original</a> on January 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Highstreets.co.uk&rft.atitle=Nat+King+Cole+Biography&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Roy&rft.au=Windisch%2C+Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhighstreets.co.uk%2Fkcc%2Fhtml%2Fbiograph.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1948/1948-06-28-BC.pdf">"Capitol Transcriptions ad"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Broadcasting. June 28, 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Capitol+Transcriptions+ad&rft.date=1948-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1948%2F1948-06-28-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otrsite.com/logs/logk1025.htm/">"Jerry Haendiges Vintage Radio Logs"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jerry+Haendiges+Vintage+Radio+Logs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otrsite.com%2Flogs%2Flogk1025.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Radio%20Almanac">"Radio Almanac"</a>. RadioGOLDINdex<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio+Almanac&rft.pub=RadioGOLDINdex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradiogoldindex.com%2Fcgi-local%2Fp2.cgi%3FProgramName%3DRadio%2520Almanac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Almanac_Part_1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Almanac_Part_1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1944OrsonWellesRadioAlmanacpart1">"Orson Welles Almanac — Part 1"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orson+Welles+Almanac+%E2%80%94+Part+1&rft.pub=Internet+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1944OrsonWellesRadioAlmanacpart1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cole recorded "The Christmas Song" four times — on June 14, 1946, with the Nat King Cole Trio; on August 19, 1946, with an added string section; on August 24, 1953; and in 1961 for the double album <i>The Nat King Cole Story</i>. The final version, recorded in stereo, is the one most often heard today.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+Hot+100&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1951">"<i>Billboard</i> website"</a>. <i>Billboard.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard.com&rft.atitle=Billboard+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fbbcom%2Fcharts%2Fyearend_chart_display.jsp%3Ff%3DThe%2BBillboard%2BHot%2B100%26g%3DYear-end%2BSingles%26year%3D1951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFReed,_Tom.1992" class="citation book cs1">Reed, Tom. (1992). <i>The Black music history of Los Angeles, its roots : 50 years in Black music : a classical pictorial history of Los Angeles Black music of the 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s : photographic essays that define the people, the artistry and their contributions to the wonderful world of entertainment</i> (1st, limited ed.). Los Angeles: Black Accent on L.A. Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/096329086X" title="Special:BookSources/096329086X"><bdi>096329086X</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/oclc/28801394">28801394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+music+history+of+Los+Angeles%2C+its+roots+%3A+50+years+in+Black+music+%3A+a+classical+pictorial+history+of+Los+Angeles+Black+music+of+the+20s%2C+30s%2C+40s%2C+50s+and+60s+%3A+photographic+essays+that+define+the+people%2C+the+artistry+and+their+contributions+to+the+wonderful+world+of+entertainment&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.edition=1st%2C+limited&rft.pub=Black+Accent+on+L.A.+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28801394&rft.isbn=096329086X&rft.au=Reed%2C+Tom.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Nat King Cole Star of Cavalcade" Headliner AD Los Angeles Sentinel May 28, 1953.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Smithsonian-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFChilton2009" class="citation web cs1">Chilton, Karen (October 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/womens-history/hazel-scotts-lifetime-of-high-notes-145939027/">"Hazel Scott's Lifetime of High Notes"</a>. <i>smithsonian.com</i>. Smithsonian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2016</span>. <q>[Hazel Scott was] the first black performer to host her own nationally syndicated television show....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=smithsonian.com&rft.atitle=Hazel+Scott%27s+Lifetime+of+High+Notes&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fwomens-history%2Fhazel-scotts-lifetime-of-high-notes-145939027%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Shulman-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shulman_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFShulmanYouman1966" class="citation book cs1">Shulman, Arthur; Youman, Roger (1966). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howsweetitwastel0000shul">"Chapter 3: The Sounds of Music"</a></span>. <i>How Sweet It Was. Television: A Pictorial Commentary</i>. Bonanza Books, Crown Publishers. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780517081358" title="Special:BookSources/9780517081358"><bdi>9780517081358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+The+Sounds+of+Music&rft.btitle=How+Sweet+It+Was.+Television%3A+A+Pictorial+Commentary&rft.pub=Bonanza+Books%2C+Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9780517081358&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Youman%2C+Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowsweetitwastel0000shul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span> (unpaginated).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Gourse-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gourse_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGourse1991" class="citation book cs1">Gourse, Leslie (1991). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unforgettable00lesl"><i>Unforgettable : the life and mystique of Nat King Cole</i></a></span>. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unforgettable00lesl/page/185">185</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312078775" title="Special:BookSources/9780312078775"><bdi>9780312078775</bdi></a>. <q>The network supported this show from the beginning. From Mr. Sarnoff on down, they tried to sell it to agencies. They could have dropped it after the first thirteen weeks. Shows that made more money than mine were dropped. They offered me a new time at 7:00 p.m. on Saturdays on a cooperative basis, but I decided not to take it. I feel played out.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unforgettable+%3A+the+life+and+mystique+of+Nat+King+Cole&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780312078775&rft.aulast=Gourse&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funforgettable00lesl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.quotesstar.com/quotes/m/madison-avenue-is-afraid-of-171261.html">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107135845/http://www.quotesstar.com/quotes/m/madison-avenue-is-afraid-of-171261.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2011, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adage.com/article?article_id=133638">"Study: Ad Agencies Exhibit 'Pervasive Racial Discrimination' | News"</a>. <i>AdAge.com</i>. January 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AdAge.com&rft.atitle=Study%3A+Ad+Agencies+Exhibit+%27Pervasive+Racial+Discrimination%27+%26%23124%3B+News&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadage.com%2Farticle%3Farticle_id%3D133638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1959-239.html">"Grammy Awards 1959"</a>. <i>Grammy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grammy&rft.atitle=Grammy+Awards+1959&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awardsandshows.com%2Ffeatures%2Fgrammy-awards-1959-239.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTeachout1992" class="citation journal cs1">Teachout, Terry (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.library.arizona.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=6f10b1ac-7023-4d70-927f-78a426b5840c%40sessionmgr111&vid=0&hid=120&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rih&AN=1992-02661">"Nat King Cole"</a>. <i>The American Scholar</i>. <b>26</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Scholar&rft.atitle=Nat+King+Cole&rft.volume=26&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Teachout&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.library.arizona.edu%2Fehost%2Fdetail%2Fdetail%3Fsid%3D6f10b1ac-7023-4d70-927f-78a426b5840c%2540sessionmgr111%26vid%3D0%26hid%3D120%26bdata%3DJnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%253d%253d%23db%3Drih%26AN%3D1992-02661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111224182230/http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx">"Famous Masons"</a>. Pinal Lodge No. 30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinallodge30.com/famousmasons.aspx">the original</a> on December 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>. <q>member of Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49, of Los Angeles, CA, being initiated on January 9, 1944, the lodge appropriately named for another legendary jazz musician, Fats Waller, himself a Prince Hall Freemason.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Masons&rft.pub=Pinal+Lodge+No.+30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinallodge30.com%2Ffamousmasons.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm">"U.S. Notable Freemasons"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510153526/http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Notable+Freemasons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matawanlodge.org%2Ffamous.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-businessinsider.com-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-businessinsider.com_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFC._SterbenzR._Johnson2014" class="citation web cs1">C. Sterbenz; R. Johnson (March 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T">"17 Of The Most Influential Freemasons Ever"</a>. <i>businessinsider.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122015117/https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3?IR=T">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=businessinsider.com&rft.atitle=17+Of+The+Most+Influential+Freemasons+Ever&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft.au=C.+Sterbenz&rft.au=R.+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fthe-most-influential-freemasons-2014-3%3FIR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html">"Famous Master Masons"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180930201803/http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Master+Masons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmastermason.com%2FPGH32%2Ffamousmasons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Levinson2005-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levinson2005_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLevinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Levinson, Peter J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zG-UYr7vBb4C&pg=PA89"><i>September in the Rain: The Life of Nelson Riddle</i></a>. Taylor Trade. pp. 89–. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58979-163-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58979-163-3"><bdi>978-1-58979-163-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=September+in+the+Rain%3A+The+Life+of+Nelson+Riddle&rft.pages=89-&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58979-163-3&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzG-UYr7vBb4C%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Burford-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burford_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBurford2012" class="citation journal cs1">Burford, Mark (April 2012). "Sam Cooke as Pop Album Artist—A Reinvention in Three Songs". <i>Journal of the American Musicological Society</i>. <b>65</b> (1): 113–178. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjams.2012.65.1.113">10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.113</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.113">10.1525/jams.2012.65.1.113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Musicological+Society&rft.atitle=Sam+Cooke+as+Pop+Album+Artist%E2%80%94A+Reinvention+in+Three+Songs&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=113-178&rft.date=2012-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjams.2012.65.1.113&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjams.2012.65.1.113%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Burford&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eyewitness account published in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Birmingham_News" title="The Birmingham News">Birmingham News</a></i>. Felts, Jim. Letter to the editor. December 15, 2007.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/12/nat-king-cole-attacked-on-stage-archive-1956">"Nat 'King' Cole attacked on stage – archive, 12 April 1956"</a>. April 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nat+%27King%27+Cole+attacked+on+stage+%E2%80%93+archive%2C+12+April+1956&rft.date=2018-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fapr%2F12%2Fnat-king-cole-attacked-on-stage-archive-1956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Altschuler2003-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Altschuler2003_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAltschuler2003" class="citation book cs1">Altschuler, Glenn C. (August 7, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lMyC2FndXwkC"><i>All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803191-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803191-8"><bdi>978-0-19-803191-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Shook+Up%3A+How+Rock+%27n%27+Roll+Changed+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003-08-07&rft.isbn=978-0-19-803191-8&rft.aulast=Altschuler&rft.aufirst=Glenn+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlMyC2FndXwkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gilbert1988-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gilbert1988_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1988" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, James (October 13, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSbMWznYmFAC"><i>A Cycle of Outrage: America's Reaction to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 9. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536356-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536356-2"><bdi>978-0-19-536356-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cycle+of+Outrage%3A+America%27s+Reaction+to+the+Juvenile+Delinquent+in+the+1950s&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988-10-13&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536356-2&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSbMWznYmFAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sussman-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sussman_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSussman1989" class="citation book cs1">Sussman, Warren (January 9, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/recastingamerica00gres">"Did Success Spoil the United States"</a>. In May, Lary (ed.). <i>Recasting America</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226511757" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226511757"><bdi>978-0226511757</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Did+Success+Spoil+the+United+States&rft.btitle=Recasting+America&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1989-01-09&rft.isbn=978-0226511757&rft.aulast=Sussman&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frecastingamerica00gres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/1990-10-16/news/vw-2610_1_eisenhower-presidency">"It's All Right to Still Like Ike: History: Once Painted as a 'Distanced' President, Dwight Eisenhower Now is Heralded for his Strong Sense of Service"</a>. <i>Articles.latimes.com</i>. October 16, 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Articles.latimes.com&rft.atitle=It%27s+All+Right+to+Still+Like+Ike%3A+History%3A+Once+Painted+as+a+%27Distanced%27+President%2C+Dwight+Eisenhower+Now+is+Heralded+for+his+Strong+Sense+of+Service.&rft.date=1990-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1990-10-16%2Fnews%2Fvw-2610_1_eisenhower-presidency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official Report of the Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Republican National Convention, August 20–23, 1956, p. 327.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999338-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999338_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 338.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/Famous/g/Famous-Tobacco-Victims-Jazz-Singer-Nat-King-Cole.htm">"Tobacco Victim Nat King Cole"</a>. <i>Quitsmoking.about.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quitsmoking.about.com&rft.atitle=Tobacco+Victim+Nat+King+Cole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquitsmoking.about.com%2Fod%2FFamous%2Fg%2FFamous-Tobacco-Victims-Jazz-Singer-Nat-King-Cole.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999342-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999342_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 342.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999347-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999347_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 347.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-inflation-US-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1634 to 1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1">McCusker, J. J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy ofthe United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+ofthe+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span> 1700-1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1">McCusker, J. J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How much is that in real money?: a historical price index for use as a deflator of money values in the economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+much+is+that+in+real+money%3F%3A+a+historical+price+index+for+use+as+a+deflator+of+money+values+in+the+economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Unforgettable", <i>The New York Times</i>, December 26, 1999</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999350-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999350_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 350.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999355-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999355_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 355.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=migEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22nat+king+cole%22">"Blues News"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. February 6, 1965. p. 28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Blues+News&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1965-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmigEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%2522nat%2Bking%2Bcole%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999356-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999356_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 356.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999358-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999358_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 358.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999359-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999359_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 359.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999360-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpstein1999360_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpstein1999">Epstein 1999</a>, p. 360.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinsonghall.com/access/special-awards/#.Uy9Dk3-wXYE">"Special Awards – Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame"</a>. Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Awards+%E2%80%93+Latin+Songwriters+Hall+of+Fame&rft.pub=Latin+Songwriters+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinsonghall.com%2Faccess%2Fspecial-awards%2F%23.Uy9Dk3-wXYE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Documentary Profiles Nat 'King' Cole". <i>ProQuest</i>. May 4, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ProQuest (identifier)">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/367705214">367705214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ProQuest&rft.atitle=Documentary+Profiles+Nat+%27King%27+Cole&rft.date=2006-05-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Remembering The Legendary Nat King Cole". <i>ProQuest</i>. February 23, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ProQuest (identifier)">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/365061846">365061846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ProQuest&rft.atitle=Remembering+The+Legendary+Nat+King+Cole&rft.date=2000-02-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/charts/holiday-songs">"Holiday Airplay"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. January 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Holiday+Airplay&rft.date=2015-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fcharts%2Fholiday-songs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<ul><li>Will Friedwald, <i>Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Life and Music of Nat King Cole</i>, Oxford University Press, 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190882044" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190882044">978-0190882044</a>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEpstein1999" class="citation book cs1">Epstein, Daniel Mark (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natkingcole00epst"><i>Nat King Cole</i></a>. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-21912-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-21912-3"><bdi>978-0-374-21912-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nat+King+Cole&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar+Straus+Giroux&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-374-21912-3&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnatkingcole00epst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li>Bill Dobbins and Richard Wang. "Cole, Nat 'King'." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. September 28, 2016.</li>
<li>Pelote, Vincent. "Book Reviews: "Unforgettable: The Life and Mystique of Nat King Cole," by Leslie Gourse." Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association, vol. 49, no. 3, 1993., pp. 1073–1074,</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="metadata plainlinks sistersitebox plainlist mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0;background:#f9f9f9"><div style="padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center"><b style="display:block">Nat King Cole</b>at Wikipedia's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div><ul style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto"><li style="min-height:31px"><span style="display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nat_King_Cole" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Nat King Cole">Media</a> from Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li style="min-height:31px"><span style="display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" class="extiw" title="q:Nat King Cole">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1336">Nat King Cole</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0170713/">Nat King Cole</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p65542">Nat King Cole</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Nat+King+Cole">Nat King Cole</a> discography at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/artists/15392890/nat-king-cole">Nat King Cole</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR.org</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070103171900/http://nat-king-cole.org/index.html">The Nat King Cole Society</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://natkingcole.50webs.com/">The Unforgettable Nat King Cole</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102152445/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/music/biography/nat_king_cole_biography.html">Biography</a> at Tiscali Music</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1552">Nat "King" Cole article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama</a></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/nat-king-cole">"Nat King Cole"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nat+King+Cole&rft.pub=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fnat-king-cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANat+King+Cole" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137042#P3162" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nat_King_Cole" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #f0e68c;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Nat_King_Cole" title="Template:Nat King Cole"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background: #f0e68c;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Nat_King_Cole" title="Template talk:Nat King Cole"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background: #f0e68c;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Nat_King_Cole&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background: #f0e68c;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nat_King_Cole" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nat King Cole</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE;"><div id="*_Discography">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_discography" title="Nat King Cole discography">Discography</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_King_Cole_Trio_(album)" title="The King Cole Trio (album)">The King Cole Trio</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_at_the_Piano" title="Nat King Cole at the Piano">Nat King Cole at the Piano</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_Cole_for_Kids" title="King Cole for Kids">King Cole for Kids</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penthouse_Serenade" title="Penthouse Serenade">Penthouse Serenade </a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_Sings_for_Two_in_Love" title="Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love">Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Piano_Style_of_Nat_King_Cole" title="The Piano Style of Nat King Cole">The Piano Style of Nat King Cole</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/After_Midnight_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="After Midnight (Nat King Cole album)"> After Midnight</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Just_One_of_Those_Things_(album)" title="Just One of Those Things (album)"> Just One of Those Things</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_Is_the_Thing" title="Love Is the Thing">Love Is the Thing</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cole_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Cole Español">Cole Español</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Louis_Blues_(album)" title="St. Louis Blues (album)">St. Louis Blues</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Very_Thought_of_You_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="The Very Thought of You (Nat King Cole album)">The Very Thought of You</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/To_Whom_It_May_Concern_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="To Whom It May Concern (Nat King Cole album)"> To Whom It May Concern</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Club_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="Welcome to the Club (Nat King Cole album)"> Welcome to the Club</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Mis_Amigos" title="A Mis Amigos">A Mis Amigos</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tell_Me_All_About_Yourself" title="Tell Me All About Yourself">Tell Me All About Yourself</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Every_Time_I_Feel_the_Spirit" title="Every Time I Feel the Spirit">Every Time I Feel the Spirit</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wild_Is_Love" title="Wild Is Love">Wild Is Love</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Magic_of_Christmas_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="The Magic of Christmas (Nat King Cole album)"> The Magic of Christmas</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Nat_King_Cole_Story" title="The Nat King Cole Story">The Nat King Cole Story</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Touch_of_Your_Lips_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="The Touch of Your Lips (Nat King Cole album)"> The Touch of Your Lips</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_Sings/George_Shearing_Plays" title="Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays">Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramblin%27_Rose_(album)" title="Ramblin' Rose (album)">Ramblin' Rose</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dear_Lonely_Hearts" title="Dear Lonely Hearts">Dear Lonely Hearts</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/More_Cole_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="More Cole Español">More Cole Español</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Those_Lazy-Hazy-Crazy_Days_of_Summer" title="Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer">Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Where_Did_Everyone_Go%3F" title="Where Did Everyone Go?">Where Did Everyone Go?</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_Sings_My_Fair_Lady" title="Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady">Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Let%27s_Face_the_Music!" title="Let's Face the Music!">Let's Face the Music! </a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Don%27t_Want_to_Be_Hurt_Anymore" title="I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore">I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/L-O-V-E_(album)" title="L-O-V-E (album)">L-O-V-E</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest_of_Hits" title="Harvest of Hits">Harvest of Hits</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Top_Pops" title="Top Pops">Top Pops</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole album)"> Unforgettable</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/10th_Anniversary_Album_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="10th Anniversary Album (Nat King Cole album)"> 10th Anniversary Album </a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ballads_of_the_Day" title="Ballads of the Day">Ballads of the Day</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/This_Is_Nat_King_Cole" title="This Is Nat King Cole">This Is Nat King Cole</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Beautiful_Ballads" title="The Beautiful Ballads">The Beautiful Ballads</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/20_Golden_Greats_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="20 Golden Greats (Nat King Cole album)">20 Golden Greats</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/For_Sentimental_Reasons_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="For Sentimental Reasons (Nat King Cole album)">For Sentimental Reasons</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_Songs_(Nat_King_Cole_album)" title="Love Songs (Nat King Cole album)">Love Songs</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Tribute albums</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_for_You:_A_Dedication_to_the_Nat_King_Cole_Trio" title="All for You: A Dedication to the Nat King Cole Trio">All for You: A Dedication to the Nat King Cole Trio</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dear_Mr._Cole" title="Dear Mr. Cole">Dear Mr. Cole</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inspiration:_A_Tribute_to_Nat_King_Cole" title="Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole">Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Nat_King_Cole_Songbook" title="The Nat King Cole Songbook">The Nat King Cole Songbook</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/P.S._Mr._Cole" title="P.S. Mr. Cole">P.S. Mr. Cole</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Tribute_to_the_Great_Nat_%22King%22_Cole" title="A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole">A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/With_Respect_to_Nat" title="With Respect to Nat">With Respect to Nat</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/You%27re_Lookin%27_at_Me_(A_Collection_of_Nat_King_Cole_Songs)" title="You're Lookin' at Me (A Collection of Nat King Cole Songs)">You're Lookin' at Me (A Collection of Nat King Cole Songs)</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nat_King_Cole_%26_Me" title="Nat King Cole & Me">Nat King Cole & Me</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/That_Ain%27t_Right" title="That Ain't Right">That Ain't Right</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_for_You_(1943_song)" title="All for You (1943 song)">All for You</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Straighten_Up_and_Fly_Right" title="Straighten Up and Fly Right">Straighten Up and Fly Right</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gee,_Baby,_Ain%27t_I_Good_to_You" title="Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You">Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/It%27s_Only_a_Paper_Moon" title="It's Only a Paper Moon">It's Only a Paper Moon</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Frim-Fram_Sauce" title="The Frim-Fram Sauce">The Frim-Fram Sauce</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/(Get_Your_Kicks_on)_Route_66" title="(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66">(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/(I_Love_You)_For_Sentimental_Reasons" title="(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons">(I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Christmas_Song" title="The Christmas Song">The Christmas Song (Merry Christmas to You)</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/What%27ll_I_Do" title="What'll I Do">What'll I Do</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nature_Boy" title="Nature Boy">Nature Boy</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Put_%27em_in_a_Box,_Tie_%27em_with_a_Ribbon,_and_Throw_%27em_in_the_Deep_Blue_Sea" title="Put 'em in a Box, Tie 'em with a Ribbon, and Throw 'em in the Deep Blue Sea">Put 'em in a Box, Tie 'em with a Ribbon, and Throw 'em in the Deep Blue Sea</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don%27t_Blame_Me_(song)" title="Don't Blame Me (song)">Don't Blame Me</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/For_You_My_Love" title="For You My Love">For You My Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Almost_Lost_My_Mind" title="I Almost Lost My Mind">I Almost Lost My Mind</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mona_Lisa_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)">Mona Lisa</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orange_Colored_Sky" title="Orange Colored Sky">Orange Colored Sky</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frosty_the_Snowman" title="Frosty the Snowman">Frosty the Snowman</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Too_Young_(Sidney_Lippman_and_Sylvia_Dee_song)" title="Too Young (Sidney Lippman and Sylvia Dee song)">Too Young</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_Sails_in_the_Sunset_(song)" title="Red Sails in the Sunset (song)">Red Sails in the Sunset</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somewhere_Along_the_Way" title="Somewhere Along the Way">Somewhere Along the Way</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walkin%27_My_Baby_Back_Home_(song)" title="Walkin' My Baby Back Home (song)">Walkin' My Baby Back Home</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Because_You%27re_Mine_(song)" title="Because You're Mine (song)">Because You're Mine</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pretend_(1952_song)" title="Pretend (1952 song)">Pretend</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Am_in_Love" title="I Am in Love">I Am in Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lover,_Come_Back_to_Me" title="Lover, Come Back to Me">Lover, Come Back to Me</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Answer_Me,_My_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="Answer Me, My Love">Answer Me, My Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tenderly" title="Tenderly">Tenderly</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smile_(Charlie_Chaplin_song)" title="Smile (Charlie Chaplin song)">Smile</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darling,_Je_Vous_Aime_Beaucoup" title="Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup">Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Blossom_Fell" title="A Blossom Fell">A Blossom Fell</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/That%27s_All_There_Is_to_That" title="That's All There Is to That">That's All There Is to That</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Night_Lights_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Night Lights (Nat King Cole song)">Night Lights</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/To_the_Ends_of_the_Earth_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="To the Ends of the Earth (Nat King Cole song)">To the Ends of the Earth</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ballerina_(Sidney_Keith_Russell_and_Carl_Sigman_song)" title="Ballerina (Sidney Keith Russell and Carl Sigman song)">Ballerina</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/When_I_Fall_in_Love" title="When I Fall in Love">When I Fall in Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stardust_(1927_song)" title="Stardust (1927 song)">Stardust</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Send_for_Me_(song)" title="Send for Me (song)">Send for Me</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Looking_Back_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Looking Back (Nat King Cole song)">Looking Back</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ac%C3%A9rcate_M%C3%A1s_(Come_Closer_to_Me)" title="Acércate Más (Come Closer to Me)">Acércate Más (Come Closer to Me)</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non_Dimenticar" title="Non Dimenticar">Non Dimenticar</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/You_Made_Me_Love_You_(I_Didn%27t_Want_to_Do_It)" title="You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)">You Made Me Love You</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Just_as_Much_as_Ever" title="Just as Much as Ever">Just as Much as Ever</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Let_There_Be_Love_(1940_song)" title="Let There Be Love (1940 song)">Let There Be Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramblin%27_Rose" title="Ramblin' Rose">Ramblin' Rose</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Those_Lazy-Hazy-Crazy_Days_of_Summer_(song)" title="Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (song)">Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/That_Sunday,_That_Summer" title="That Sunday, That Summer">That Sunday, That Summer</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/People_(Barbra_Streisand_song)" title="People (Barbra Streisand song)">People</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/L-O-V-E" title="L-O-V-E">L-O-V-E</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Let%27s_Face_the_Music_and_Dance" title="Let's Face the Music and Dance">Let's Face the Music and Dance</a>"</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Family</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Cole" title="Maria Cole">Maria Cole</a> <small>(wife)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carole_Cole" title="Carole Cole">Carole Cole</a> <small>(daughter)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> <small>(daughter)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eddie_Cole" title="Eddie Cole">Eddie Cole</a> <small>(brother)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ike_Cole" title="Ike Cole">Ike Cole</a> <small>(brother)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freddy_Cole" title="Freddy Cole">Freddy Cole</a> <small>(brother)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lionel_Cole" title="Lionel Cole">Lionel Cole</a> <small>(nephew)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Nat_King_Cole" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Nat_King_Cole" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Nat King Cole</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Template:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#cedff2;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#cedff2;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#cedff2;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Grammy Award for Record of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1959−1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nel_blu,_dipinto_di_blu_(song)" title="Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)">Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a> (1959)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mack_the_Knife" title="Mack the Knife">Mack the Knife</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a> (1960)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theme_from_A_Summer_Place" title="Theme from A Summer Place">Theme from <i>A Summer Place</i></a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Percy_Faith" title="Percy Faith">Percy Faith</a> (1961)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1962)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Left_My_Heart_in_San_Francisco" title="I Left My Heart in San Francisco">I Left My Heart in San Francisco</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> (1963)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)" title="Days of Wine and Roses (song)">Days of Wine and Roses</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1964)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Girl_from_Ipanema" title="The Girl from Ipanema">The Girl from Ipanema</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto" title="Astrud Gilberto">Astrud Gilberto</a> & <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> (1965)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Taste_of_Honey_(song)" title="A Taste of Honey (song)">A Taste of Honey</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herb_Alpert" title="Herb Alpert">Herb Alpert</a> & the Tijuana Brass (1966)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Strangers_in_the_Night" title="Strangers in the Night">Strangers in the Night</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1967)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Up,_Up_and_Away_(song)" title="Up, Up and Away (song)">Up, Up and Away</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_5th_Dimension" title="The 5th Dimension">The 5th Dimension</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billy_Davis_Jr." title="Billy Davis Jr.">Billy Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_LaRue" title="Florence LaRue">Florence LaRue</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marilyn_McCoo" title="Marilyn McCoo">Marilyn McCoo</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lamonte_McLemore" title="Lamonte McLemore">Lamonte McLemore</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Townson" title="Ronald Townson">Ron Townson</a>) (1968)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mrs._Robinson" title="Mrs. Robinson">Mrs. Robinson</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_Garfunkel" title="Art Garfunkel">Art Garfunkel</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a>) (1969)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aquarius/Let_the_Sunshine_In" title="Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In">Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_5th_Dimension" title="The 5th Dimension">The 5th Dimension</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billy_Davis_Jr." title="Billy Davis Jr.">Billy Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florence_LaRue" title="Florence LaRue">Florence LaRue</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marilyn_McCoo" title="Marilyn McCoo">Marilyn McCoo</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lamonte_McLemore" title="Lamonte McLemore">Lamonte McLemore</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Townson" title="Ronald Townson">Ron Townson</a>) (1970)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water_(song)" title="Bridge over Troubled Water (song)">Bridge over Troubled Water</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_Garfunkel" title="Art Garfunkel">Art Garfunkel</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a>) (1971)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/It%27s_Too_Late_(Carole_King_song)" title="It's Too Late (Carole King song)">It's Too Late</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> (1972)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_First_Time_Ever_I_Saw_Your_Face" title="The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face">The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1973)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killing_Me_Softly_with_His_Song" title="Killing Me Softly with His Song">Killing Me Softly with His Song</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1974)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Honestly_Love_You" title="I Honestly Love You">I Honestly Love You</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1975)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Love_Will_Keep_Us_Together" title="Love Will Keep Us Together">Love Will Keep Us Together</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Captain_%26_Tennille" title="Captain & Tennille">Captain & Tennille</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daryl_Dragon" title="Daryl Dragon">Daryl Dragon</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toni_Tennille" title="Toni Tennille">Toni Tennille</a>) (1976)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/This_Masquerade" title="This Masquerade">This Masquerade</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a> (1977)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hotel_California" title="Hotel California">Hotel California</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Felder" title="Don Felder">Don Felder</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Frey" title="Glenn Frey">Glenn Frey</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Henley" title="Don Henley">Don Henley</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randy_Meisner" title="Randy Meisner">Randy Meisner</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Walsh" title="Joe Walsh">Joe Walsh</a>) (1978)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Just_the_Way_You_Are_(Billy_Joel_song)" title="Just the Way You Are (Billy Joel song)">Just the Way You Are</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (1979)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/What_a_Fool_Believes" title="What a Fool Believes">What a Fool Believes</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Doobie_Brothers" title="The Doobie Brothers">The Doobie Brothers</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Baxter" title="Jeff Baxter">Jeffrey Baxter</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hartman" title="John Hartman">John Hartman</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keith_Knudsen" title="Keith Knudsen">Keith Knudsen</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_McDonald_(musician)" title="Michael McDonald (musician)">Michael McDonald</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tiran_Porter" title="Tiran Porter">Tiran Porter</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_Simmons" title="Patrick Simmons">Patrick Simmons</a>) (1980)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1981−2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sailing_(Christopher_Cross_song)" title="Sailing (Christopher Cross song)">Sailing</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> (1981)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bette_Davis_Eyes" title="Bette Davis Eyes">Bette Davis Eyes</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kim_Carnes" title="Kim Carnes">Kim Carnes</a> (1982)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosanna_(song)" title="Rosanna (song)">Rosanna</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Hungate" title="David Hungate">David Hungate</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Kimball" title="Bobby Kimball">Bobby Kimball</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Lukather" title="Steve Lukather">Steve Lukather</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Paich" title="David Paich">David Paich</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Porcaro" title="Jeff Porcaro">Jeff Porcaro</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Porcaro" title="Steve Porcaro">Steve Porcaro</a>) (1983)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beat_It" title="Beat It">Beat It</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1984)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a> (1985)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a> (1986)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Higher_Love" title="Higher Love">Higher Love</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a> (1987)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graceland_(song)" title="Graceland (song)">Graceland</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1988)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don%27t_Worry,_Be_Happy" title="Don't Worry, Be Happy">Don't Worry, Be Happy</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a> (1989)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wind_Beneath_My_Wings" title="Wind Beneath My Wings">Wind Beneath My Wings</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (1990)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Another_Day_in_Paradise" title="Another Day in Paradise">Another Day in Paradise</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1991)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nat King Cole</a> (1992)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tears_in_Heaven" title="Tears in Heaven">Tears in Heaven</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1993)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Will_Always_Love_You" title="I Will Always Love You">I Will Always Love You</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1994)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_I_Wanna_Do_(Sheryl_Crow_song)" title="All I Wanna Do (Sheryl Crow song)">All I Wanna Do</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> (1995)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kiss_from_a_Rose" title="Kiss from a Rose">Kiss from a Rose</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seal_(musician)" title="Seal (musician)">Seal</a> (1996)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Change_the_World" title="Change the World">Change the World</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1997)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunny_Came_Home" title="Sunny Came Home">Sunny Came Home</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shawn_Colvin" title="Shawn Colvin">Shawn Colvin</a> (1998)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1999)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smooth_(Santana_song)" title="Smooth (Santana song)">Smooth</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a> (Rodney Holmes, Tony Lindsay, Karl Perazzo, Raul Rekow, Benny Rietveld, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_Thompson" title="Chester Thompson">Chester Thompson</a>) featuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rob_Thomas_(musician)" title="Rob Thomas (musician)">Rob Thomas</a> (2000)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001−2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beautiful_Day" title="Beautiful Day">Beautiful Day</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">The Edge</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Larry Mullen Jr.</a>) (2001)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walk_On_(U2_song)" title="Walk On (U2 song)">Walk On</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Clayton" title="Adam Clayton">Adam Clayton</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">The Edge</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr." title="Larry Mullen Jr.">Larry Mullen Jr.</a>) (2002)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don%27t_Know_Why" title="Don't Know Why">Don't Know Why</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2003)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clocks_(song)" title="Clocks (song)">Clocks</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy_Berryman" title="Guy Berryman">Guy Berryman</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonny_Buckland" title="Jonny Buckland">Jon Buckland</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Will_Champion" title="Will Champion">Will Champion</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phil_Harvey_(manager)" title="Phil Harvey (manager)">Phil Harvey</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Martin" title="Chris Martin">Chris Martin</a>) (2004)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Here_We_Go_Again_(Ray_Charles_song)" title="Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)">Here We Go Again</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> & <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2005)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boulevard_of_Broken_Dreams_(Green_Day_song)" title="Boulevard of Broken Dreams (Green Day song)">Boulevard of Broken Dreams</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billie_Joe_Armstrong" title="Billie Joe Armstrong">Billie Joe Armstrong</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Dirnt" title="Mike Dirnt">Mike Dirnt</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tr%C3%A9_Cool" title="Tré Cool">Frank Edwin Wright III</a>) (2006)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Not_Ready_to_Make_Nice" title="Not Ready to Make Nice">Not Ready to Make Nice</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Chicks" title="The Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martie_Maguire" title="Martie Maguire">Martie Maguire</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Maines" title="Natalie Maines">Natalie Maines</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emily_Robison" class="mw-redirect" title="Emily Robison">Emily Robison</a>) (2007)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rehab_(Amy_Winehouse_song)" title="Rehab (Amy Winehouse song)">Rehab</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (2008)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Please_Read_the_Letter" title="Please Read the Letter">Please Read the Letter</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alison_Krauss" title="Alison Krauss">Alison Krauss</a> & <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a> (2009)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Use_Somebody" title="Use Somebody">Use Somebody</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kings_of_Leon" title="Kings of Leon">Kings of Leon</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caleb_Followill" class="mw-redirect" title="Caleb Followill">Caleb Followill</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Followill" class="mw-redirect" title="Jared Followill">Jared Followill</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matthew_Followill" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Followill">Matthew Followill</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathan_Followill" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Followill">Nathan Followill</a>) (2010)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Need_You_Now_(Lady_Antebellum_song)" title="Need You Now (Lady Antebellum song)">Need You Now</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lady_Antebellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Antebellum">Lady Antebellum</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Scott" title="Hillary Scott">Hillary Scott</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Kelley" title="Charles Kelley">Charles Kelley</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Haywood" title="Dave Haywood">Dave Haywood</a>) (2011)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep" title="Rolling in the Deep">Rolling in the Deep</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2012)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somebody_That_I_Used_to_Know" title="Somebody That I Used to Know">Somebody That I Used to Know</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gotye" title="Gotye">Gotye</a> featuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kimbra" title="Kimbra">Kimbra</a> (2013)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Get_Lucky_(Daft_Punk_song)" title="Get Lucky (Daft Punk song)">Get Lucky</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Bangalter" title="Thomas Bangalter">Thomas Bangalter</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy-Manuel_de_Homem-Christo" title="Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo">Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo</a>) featuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pharrell_Williams" title="Pharrell Williams">Pharrell Williams</a> & <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a> (2014)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stay_with_Me_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)">Stay with Me</a>" (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rodney_Jerkins" title="Rodney Jerkins">Darkchild</a> version) by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2015)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uptown_Funk" title="Uptown Funk">Uptown Funk</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a> featuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2016)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hello_(Adele_song)" title="Hello (Adele song)">Hello</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2017)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/24K_Magic_(song)" title="24K Magic (song)">24K Magic</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2018)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Glover" title="Donald Glover">Childish Gambino</a> (2019)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bad_Guy_(Billie_Eilish_song)" title="Bad Guy (Billie Eilish song)">Bad Guy</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2020)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021−present</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Everything_I_Wanted" title="Everything I Wanted">Everything I Wanted</a>" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2021)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#cedff2;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#cedff2;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#cedff2;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1963–1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>1963
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1965
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1966
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1967
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1968
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1971
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1972
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1984
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1985
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1986
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1987
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/B.B._King" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1989
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1990
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nat King Cole</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>1991
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitty_Wells" title="Kitty Wells">Kitty Wells</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1992
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1993
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1994
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1995
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1996
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1997
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby "Blue" Bland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1998
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li></ul></li>
<li>1999
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2000
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>2001
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2002
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2003
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2004
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">The Funk Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ella_Jenkins" title="Ella Jenkins">Ella Jenkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2005
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a></li>
<li>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2006
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2007
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li>
<li>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2008
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2009
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">The Blind Boys of Alabama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">The Four Tops</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2010
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>2011
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juilliard_String_Quartet" title="Juilliard String Quartet">Juilliard String Quartet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Beverly_Shea" title="George Beverly Shea">George Beverly Shea</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2012
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Memphis_Horns" title="The Memphis Horns">The Memphis Horns</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2013
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2014
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clifton_Chenier" title="Clifton Chenier">Clifton Chenier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armando_Manzanero" title="Armando Manzanero">Armando Manzanero</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maud_Powell" title="Maud Powell">Maud Powell</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2015
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flaco_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Flaco Jiménez">Flaco Jiménez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Louvin_Brothers" title="The Louvin Brothers">The Louvin Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2016
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ruth_Brown" title="Ruth Brown">Ruth Brown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2017
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2018
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Meters" title="The Meters">The Meters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2019
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic" title="Parliament-Funkadelic">Parliament-Funkadelic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donny_Hathaway" title="Donny Hathaway">Donny Hathaway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2020
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_Enemy_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy (band)">Public Enemy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>2021
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2000" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2000" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 2000</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></b>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_Bailey" title="Philip Bailey">Philip Bailey</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Dunn" title="Larry Dunn">Larry Dunn</a>, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Graham_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnny Graham (musician) (page does not exist)">Johnny Graham</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_(musician)" title="Ralph Johnson (musician)">Ralph Johnson</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_McKay" title="Al McKay">Al McKay</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_White_(musician)" title="Fred White (musician)">Fred White</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maurice_White" title="Maurice White">Maurice White</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verdine_White" title="Verdine White">Verdine White</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Woolfolk" title="Andrew Woolfolk">Andrew Woolfolk</a></li></ul></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Lovin%27_Spoonful" title="The Lovin' Spoonful">The Lovin' Spoonful</a></b>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Boone" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Boone">Steve Boone</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Butler" title="Joe Butler">Joe Butler</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Sebastian" title="John Sebastian">John Sebastian</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zal_Yanovsky" title="Zal Yanovsky">Zal Yanovsky</a></li></ul></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Moonglows" title="The Moonglows">The Moonglows</a></b>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prentiss_Barnes" title="Prentiss Barnes">Prentiss Barnes</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvey_Fuqua" title="Harvey Fuqua">Harvey Fuqua</a>, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Peter_Graves_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Graves (musician) (page does not exist)">Peter Graves</a>, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Billy_Johnson_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billy Johnson (musician) (page does not exist)">Billy Johnson</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Lester" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby Lester">Bobby Lester</a></li></ul></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nat King Cole</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers<br />(Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sidemen</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_Curtis" title="King Curtis">King Curtis</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Jamerson" title="James Jamerson">James Jamerson</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scotty_Moore" title="Scotty Moore">Scotty Moore</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Palmer" title="Earl Palmer">Earl Palmer</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_(1946–1959)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1946%E2%80%931959" title="Template:Billboard Year-End number one singles 1946–1959"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1946%E2%80%931959" title="Template talk:Billboard Year-End number one singles 1946–1959"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1946%E2%80%931959&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_(1946–1959)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_Year-End" title="Billboard Year-End"><i>Billboard</i> Year-End</a> number one singles (1946–1959)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>1946: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prisoner_of_Love_(Russ_Columbo_song)" title="Prisoner of Love (Russ Columbo song)">Prisoner of Love</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li>
<li>1947: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Near_You" title="Near You">Near You</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_Craig" title="Francis Craig">Francis Craig</a></li>
<li>1948: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twelfth_Street_Rag" title="Twelfth Street Rag">Twelfth Street Rag</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pee_Wee_Hunt" title="Pee Wee Hunt">Pee Wee Hunt</a></li>
<li>1949: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/(Ghost)_Riders_in_the_Sky:_A_Cowboy_Legend" title="(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend">Riders in the Sky</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vaughn_Monroe" title="Vaughn Monroe">Vaughn Monroe Orchestra</a></li>
<li>1950: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goodnight,_Irene" title="Goodnight, Irene">Goodnight, Irene</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gordon_Jenkins" title="Gordon Jenkins">Gordon Jenkins</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li>
<li>1951: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Too_Young_(Sidney_Lippman_and_Sylvia_Dee_song)" title="Too Young (Sidney Lippman and Sylvia Dee song)">Too Young</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nat King Cole</a></li>
<li>1952: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Tango" title="Blue Tango">Blue Tango</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leroy_Anderson" title="Leroy Anderson">Leroy Anderson</a></li>
<li>1953: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Song_from_Moulin_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song from Moulin Rouge">The Song from Moulin Rouge</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Percy_Faith" title="Percy Faith">Percy Faith</a></li>
<li>1954: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Little_Things_Mean_a_Lot" title="Little Things Mean a Lot">Little Things Mean a Lot</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kitty_Kallen" title="Kitty Kallen">Kitty Kallen</a></li>
<li>1955: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherry_Pink_(and_Apple_Blossom_White)" title="Cherry Pink (and Apple Blossom White)">Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/P%C3%A9rez_Prado" title="Pérez Prado">Pérez Prado</a></li>
<li>1956: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heartbreak_Hotel" title="Heartbreak Hotel">Heartbreak Hotel</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li>
<li>1957: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Shook_Up" title="All Shook Up">All Shook Up</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li>
<li>1958: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nel_blu,_dipinto_di_blu_(song)" title="Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)">Nel Blu Dipinto di Blu (Volare)</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a></li>
<li>1959: "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="The Battle of New Orleans">The Battle of New Orleans</a>" – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnny_Horton" title="Johnny Horton">Johnny Horton</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles" title="Template:Billboard Year-End number one singles">Complete list</a></li>
<li>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1946%E2%80%931959" title="Template:Billboard Year-End number one singles 1946–1959">1946–1959</a>)</li>
<li>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1960%E2%80%931979" title="Template:Billboard Year-End number one singles 1960–1979">1960–1979</a>)</li>
<li>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1980%E2%80%931999" title="Template:Billboard Year-End number one singles 1980–1999">1980–1999</a>)</li>
<li>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_2000%E2%80%932019" title="Template:Billboard Year-End number one singles 2000–2019">2000–2019</a>)</li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Natalie_Cole" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #f0e68c;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Natalie_Cole" title="Template:Natalie Cole"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background: #f0e68c;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Natalie_Cole" title="Template talk:Natalie Cole"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background: #f0e68c;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Natalie_Cole&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background: #f0e68c;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;text-decoration:inherit;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Natalie_Cole" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE;"><div id="*_Discography">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Cole_discography" title="Natalie Cole discography">Discography</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inseparable_(album)" title="Inseparable (album)">Inseparable</a></i> (1975)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Natalie (Natalie Cole album)">Natalie</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unpredictable_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Unpredictable (Natalie Cole album)">Unpredictable</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thankful_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Thankful (Natalie Cole album)">Thankful</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Love_You_So" title="I Love You So">I Love You So</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/We%27re_the_Best_of_Friends" title="We're the Best of Friends">We're the Best of Friends</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don%27t_Look_Back_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Don't Look Back (Natalie Cole album)">Don't Look Back</a></i> (1980)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Happy_Love" title="Happy Love">Happy Love</a></i> (1981)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I%27m_Ready_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="I'm Ready (Natalie Cole album)">I'm Ready</a></i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dangerous_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Dangerous (Natalie Cole album)">Dangerous</a></i> (1985)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Everlasting_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Everlasting (Natalie Cole album)">Everlasting</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Good_to_Be_Back" title="Good to Be Back">Good to Be Back</a></i> (1989)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable..._with_Love" title="Unforgettable... with Love">Unforgettable... with Love</a></i> (1991)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Take_a_Look_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Take a Look (Natalie Cole album)">Take a Look</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holly_%26_Ivy" title="Holly & Ivy">Holly & Ivy</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stardust_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="Stardust (Natalie Cole album)">Stardust</a></i> (1996)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snowfall_on_the_Sahara" title="Snowfall on the Sahara">Snowfall on the Sahara</a></i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Magic_of_Christmas_(Natalie_Cole_album)" title="The Magic of Christmas (Natalie Cole album)">The Magic of Christmas</a></i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ask_a_Woman_Who_Knows" title="Ask a Woman Who Knows">Ask a Woman Who Knows</a></i> (2002)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leavin%27_(album)" title="Leavin' (album)">Leavin'</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Still_Unforgettable" title="Still Unforgettable">Still Unforgettable</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caroling,_Caroling:_Christmas_with_Natalie_Cole" title="Caroling, Caroling: Christmas with Natalie Cole">Caroling, Caroling: Christmas with Natalie Cole</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Cole_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Natalie Cole en Español">Natalie Cole en Español</a></i> (2013)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Natalie_Cole_Collection" title="The Natalie Cole Collection">The Natalie Cole Collection</a></i> (1987)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natalie_Live!" title="Natalie Live!">Natalie Live!</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_%E2%80%93_A_Musical_Tribute_to_Nat_King_Cole" title="Unforgettable – A Musical Tribute to Nat King Cole">Unforgettable – A Musical Tribute to Nat King Cole</a></i> (1983)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/This_Will_Be" title="This Will Be">This Will Be</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inseparable_(song)" title="Inseparable (song)">Inseparable</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sophisticated_Lady_(She%27s_a_Different_Lady)" title="Sophisticated Lady (She's a Different Lady)">Sophisticated Lady (She's a Different Lady)</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I%27ve_Got_Love_on_My_Mind" title="I've Got Love on My Mind">I've Got Love on My Mind</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Our_Love_(Natalie_Cole_song)" title="Our Love (Natalie Cole song)">Our Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Someone_That_I_Used_to_Love" title="Someone That I Used to Love">Someone That I Used to Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucy_in_the_Sky_with_Diamonds" title="Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds">Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/What_You_Won%27t_Do_for_Love_(song)" title="What You Won't Do for Love (song)">What You Won't Do for Love</a>" (with Peabo Bryson)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Live_for_Your_Love" title="I Live for Your Love">I Live for Your Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pink_Cadillac_(song)" title="Pink Cadillac (song)">Pink Cadillac</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/When_I_Fall_in_Love" title="When I Fall in Love">When I Fall in Love</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Miss_You_Like_Crazy" title="Miss You Like Crazy">Miss You Like Crazy</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Starting_Over_Again_(Natalie_Cole_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Starting Over Again (Natalie Cole song)">Starting Over Again</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" (with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nat King Cole</a>)</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Smile_Like_Yours" title="A Smile Like Yours">A Smile Like Yours</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Day_Dreaming_(Aretha_Franklin_song)" title="Day Dreaming (Aretha Franklin song)">Day Dreaming</a>"</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Tours</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soul_Divas_Tour" title="Soul Divas Tour">Soul Divas Tour</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Family</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marvin_Yancy" title="Marvin Yancy">Marvin Yancy</a> <small>(ex-husband)</small></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nat King Cole</a> <small>(father)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Cole" title="Maria Cole">Maria Cole</a> <small>(mother)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carole_Cole" title="Carole Cole">Carole Cole</a> <small>(sister)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eddie_Cole" title="Eddie Cole">Eddie Cole</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ike_Cole" title="Ike Cole">Ike Cole</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freddy_Cole" title="Freddy Cole">Freddy Cole</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lionel_Cole" title="Lionel Cole">Lionel Cole</a> <small>(cousin)</small></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlotte_Hawkins_Brown" title="Charlotte Hawkins Brown">Charlotte Hawkins Brown</a> <small>(great-aunt)</small></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137042#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137042#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137042#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11909908X">Integrated Authority File (Germany)</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114898972">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/34642861">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84072857">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1094613">Norway</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX854430">Spain</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13892629p">France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13892629p">(data)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84072857">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000056517&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2004225094&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=001449599&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071004548">Netherlands</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810702046105606">Poland</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art galleries and museums</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/18520">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1757545/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MBA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/fbe054ec-a143-4101-9e9e-64abc5ff5ac9">artist</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10567783">National Archives (US)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66q29vm">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (France)</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/076127621">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove (Australia)</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/919563">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1634153404 |
