Edit filter log

'{{Short description|Chinese bullpup assault rifle}} {{Infobox weapon | name = ''Type 95 Automatic Rifle''<br /><small>QBZ-95 Light Rifle Family</small> | image = QBZ95 automatic rifle.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = The QBZ-95 | origin = China | type = [[Bullpup]] [[assault rifle]] <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = Yes <!-- Service history -->| service = 1997–present<ref name="GT">{{Cite web |url=https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202109/1235534.shtml |title=China's new assault rifles, machine guns debut at Zhuhai airshow |access-date=2021-11-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> | used_by = See ''[[#Users|Users]]'' | wars = [[ Sri Lankan Civil War]]<br>[[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]<br>[[War in North-West Pakistan]]<br>[[Internal conflict in Burma]] <!-- Production history -->| designer = Duo Yingxian<ref name="GAA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gunsandammo.com/military-law-enforcement/chinas-next-generation-bullpup-type-95/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803134048/http://www.gunsandammo.com/military-law-enforcement/chinas-next-generation-bullpup-type-95/ |archive-date=2018-08-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> | design_date = 1989‑1991<ref name="GW">{{cite web|url=http://pewpewpew.work/china/rifle/qbz95/qbz95family.htm|title=QBZ-95 family|website=Guns' World|language=zh}}</ref><ref name="81.cn">{{cite web|url=http://www.81.cn/jmywyl/2014-03/06/content_5798662.htm|title=Duoyingxian and his rifle|website=Chinese Military|language=zh-cn|access-date=2018-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624010404/http://www.81.cn/jmywyl/2014-03/06/content_5798662.htm|archive-date=2018-06-24|url-status=live}}</ref> | manufacturer = [[Norinco]] | unit_cost = 4,300 Yuan (2014)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.people.cn/n/2014/1206/c90000-8819167.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924033819/http://en.people.cn/n/2014/1206/c90000-8819167.html |archive-date=2018-09-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> | production_date = 1995–2019 [[de jure]] | number = 3,000,000{{sfn|Jenzen-Jones|2017|p=25}} | variants = See ''[[QBZ-95#Variants|Variants]]'' <!-- General specifications -->| weight = {{Plainlist| * {{convert|2.9|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} (QBZ-95B Carbine) * {{convert|3.25|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} (QBZ-95 Rifle) * {{convert|3.35|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} (QBZ-97 Export) * {{convert|3.9|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} (QJB-95 LSW) }} | length = {{Plainlist| * {{convert|609|mm|in|abbr=on}} (QBZ-95B Carbine) * {{convert|745|mm|in|abbr=on}} (QBZ-95 Rifle) * {{convert|758|mm|in|abbr=on}} (QBZ-97 and QBZ-97A) * {{convert|840|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (QJB-95 LSW) }} | part_length = {{Plainlist| * {{convert|369|mm|abbr=on|1}} (QBZ-95B Carbine) * {{convert|463|mm|abbr=on|1}} (QBZ-95 Rifle) * {{convert|490|mm|abbr=on|1}} (QBZ-97 and QBZ-97A) * {{convert|600|mm|abbr=on|1}} (QJB-95 LSW) }} <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge = [[5.8×42mm DBP87]] (QBZ-95)<br />[[5.8×42mm|5.8×42mm DBP10]] (QBZ-95-1)<br />[[5.56×45mm NATO]] (QBZ-97) | action = [[Gas-Operated|Short-stroke piston]], [[rotating bolt]] | rate = c. 650 rounds/min (QBZ-95)<br />c. 800 rounds/min (QBZ-95B Carbine) | velocity = {{Plainlist| * QBZ-95: 930 m/s (3,050 ft/s) * QJB-95: 970 m/s (3181 ft/s) * QBZ-95B: 790 m/s (2581 ft/s) }} | range = Rifle: 400 m point target, 600-800 m area target<br />LSW: 600 m point target, 800 m area target<br />Carbine: 300 m point target, 500 m area target | feed = 30-round detachable [[box magazine]]<br />75-round detachable [[Drum magazine|drum]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://world.guns.ru/machine/ch/type-95-lmg-e.html |title=Type 95 and 97 (QBB-95 and QBB-97) light machine guns (China) |publisher=Modern Firearms |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103011007/http://world.guns.ru/machine/ch/type-95-lmg-e.html |archive-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> | sights = Hooded post front sight and aperture rear sight<br>Y/MA95 (3x)<br>Y/MA95-1 (3x)<br>QMK-152 (3x)<ref name="scope" /><br>QMK-171 (3x)<ref name="scope" /><br>IR5118 thermal scope (1x)<ref name="scope" /> }} The '''Type 95 Automatic Rifle''' ({{zh|c=95式自动步枪|p=95 Shì Zìdòng Bùqiāng}}) or '''QBZ-95''' is a [[bullpup]] [[assault rifle]] designed and manufactured by [[Norinco]], and issued since 1995 as the [[service rifle]] for the [[People's Liberation Army]], [[People's Armed Police]] and various [[paramilitary]] [[law enforcement in China|law enforcement agencies]] in the [[People's Republic of China]]. The rifle's designation "QBZ" stands for "[[light weapon]] ('''Q'''īng Wŭqì) - rifle ('''B'''ùqiāng) - automatic ('''Z'''ìdòng)", in keeping with the coding standards of the Chinese defense industry. The QBZ-95 is the [[core product|flagship]] of the Type 95 gun family (95式枪族), a family of firearms sharing a common [[receiver (firearm)|receiver]] design, which includes a standard [[rifle]], a [[carbine]] and [[light support weapon]] variants.<ref name="file">{{Cite web|title=China's New 5.8x42mm Weapons Complex Revealed|url=https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2321|access-date=2021-03-20|website=www.smallarmsreview.com}}</ref> It fires the [[5.8×42mm]] DBP87, an indigenous [[intermediate cartridge]]. An export version chambered for [[5.56×45mm NATO]], the QBZ-97, is available for sale in [[Canada]] and various countries in [[Southeast Asia]], [[South Asia]] and [[East Africa]]. ==Development== [[File:Rifle Type 95.jpg|thumb|left|The QBZ-95 (original version, no longer being produced)]] The Chinese military started to develop small-caliber weapons in 1971, and <ref name="81.cn" /> the [[Type_81_assault_rifle#Variants|Type 87]], a modification based on the [[Type 81 assault rifle]], was developed in the 1980s and entered service in 1987. The Type 87 was put in limited service. Bullpup configurations were also experimented in 1980s, resulted in the [[Type 86S|Type 86]]. In 1989, the [[People's Liberation Army]] requested that [[Norinco]] develop a new family of small-caliber firearms with improved reliability and accuracy, adaptability to different roles, and configurability to different tactical applications.<ref name="GW" /> Duo Yingxian, who is credited for the design of QBZ-95, was recruited to serve as the project head in 1991.<ref name="81.cn" /> He was given four years for the development. Two years were spent on the design, alongside two years of field tests.<ref name="GAA"/> Initial production started in 1995. The QBZ-95 was first observed outside China on 1 July 1997, when the United Kingdom [[Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong|transferred the sovereignty]] of [[Hong Kong]] to the People's Republic of China.<ref name="sadj">[http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=2135 PLA Type 95 Rifle: Breaking with Convention] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190705/http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=2135 |date=2013-10-29 }} – SAdefensejournal.com, 21 October 2013</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-08-14|title=Modern Firearms - QBZ-95 / Type 95 Assault Rifle|url=http://world.guns.ru/assault/as39-e.htm|access-date=2021-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050814234641/http://world.guns.ru/assault/as39-e.htm|archive-date=2005-08-14}}</ref> It is a modern weapon system in a [[bullpup]] configuration, where the weapon's action and magazine are located behind the grip and trigger assembly. The weapon was designed to replace the standard-issue [[Type 81 assault rifle]]. The QBZ-95 had replaced the Type 81 in frontline units by 2006, and is gradually replacing it in second-line units and the [[People's Armed Police]].<ref name="sadj"/> An improved version called the QBZ-95-1 was first seen undergoing trials in early 2010. The first formal public display of the improved version was with the [[Hong Kong Garrison]], the first unit to receive the original QBZ-95, in a military parade in July 2012. Some improvements were ergonomic, with the safety switch moved to above the pistol grip and the right-sided ejection port moved forward with ejection of cartridges at an angle to allow left-handed firing. Unlike previous DBP87 and DBP85 5.8×42mm rounds, it fires better quality DBP10 ammunition with a non-corrosive primer, clean-burning propellant, and copper-coated steel casing with a copper-alloy-jacketed hardened steel-cored bullet. The QBZ-95-1 has a longer, heavier barrel and redesigned [[muzzle brake]], a diamond-shaped cross-section on the [[handguard]] to disperse heat, a stronger [[buttstock]] and a redesigned [[trigger guard]]. The carrying handle was lowered to better position [[sight (device)#optical sights|optics]] on the quick-releasable modified [[dovetail rail]], and a pair of short rails at the sight's base allows for tactical accessories to be mounted.<ref name="sadj"/> Some Chinese special forces are seen equipped with customized QBZ-95-1 rifle variants. ==Design== ===Technical aspects=== [[Image:Peter Pace shakes hands with a Chinese soldier (Shenyang Base, China, March 24 2007).jpg|left|thumb|[[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] General [[Peter Pace]] [[United States Marine Corps|USMC]] shakes hands with a Chinese tank crew member who holds a QBZ-95]] The rifle uses polymer materials in its construction, fires a [[5.8×42mm DBP87|5.8×42mm]] small-caliber, high-velocity bullet (in a class with the [[NATO]] standard [[5.56×45mm]] [[SS109]] and the Russian [[5.45×39mm]]), and employs a bullpup configuration similar to the British [[SA80]], French [[FAMAS]], Austrian [[Steyr AUG]], South African [[Vektor CR-21]], Israeli [[Tavor]] or the Singaporean [[SAR-21]]. Though there have been hints of the ''97'' variants being involved in some foreign conflicts,<ref name="LTTE">{{Cite web|date=2018-08-12|title=Chinese Arms in LTTE Hands – Sri Lanka Guardian|url=https://www.slguardian.org/chinese-arms-in-ltte-hands/|access-date=2021-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812083234/https://www.slguardian.org/chinese-arms-in-ltte-hands/|archive-date=2018-08-12}}</ref> little has been reported about its overall combat effectiveness. It has been at least shown in televised tests, however, that the weapon can continue to function after being immersed in water,<ref name="QBZ95">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PjUIVCHLz4 QBZ95 Chinese news segment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410040835/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PjUIVCHLz4 |date=2016-04-10 }} Retrieved on May 24, 2008.</ref> as well as other harsh environmental conditions.<ref name="QBZ95 tests">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18QnvX4g_Mo QBZ95 submitted through a battery of tests on CCTV] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505152816/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18QnvX4g_Mo |date=May 5, 2016 }} Retrieved on September 28, 2009</ref> What is also known is that the weapon operates using a short-stroke [[gas operated]] [[rotating-bolt]] system, similar to most modern military rifles. The selector switch on the rifle has four settings. The selector settings are as follows: "0" for safe, "1" for "[[Semi-automatic firearm|semi-automatic]]", "2" for [[fully automatic]], and on selected models, "3" for [[Burst mode (firearm)|three round burst]] setting.<ref name="QBZ-95">{{cite web |url=http://www.enemyforces.com/firearms/qbz95.htm |title=Type 95 |access-date=2008-01-16 |work=Firearms |publisher=EnemyForces.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009145938/http://www.enemyforces.com/firearms/qbz95.htm |archive-date=2007-10-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Chinese Army says it has tested its [[5.8×42mm]] cartridge extensively against [[NATO]]'s [[5.56×45mm]] and its counterpart, the [[5.45×39mm]] from Russia. The PLA claims their cartridge outperforms both with a flatter trajectory, and a higher retention of velocity and energy downrange. It is also claimed to have a penetration superior to the 5.56×45mm NATO.<ref name="file"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=The 5.8x42mm |journal=Guns & Ammo |date=2006 |publisher=Intermedia Outdoors}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Chinese 5.8mm Small Arms Ammo |author=Yan, Timothy G. |journal=Small Arms Review |date=June 2006 |volume=9 |issue= 9 |page=42}}</ref> ===Ammunition=== [[File:Десантирование участников конкурса "Эльбрусское кольцо" с вертолетов Ми-8 с последующим совершением горного марша (18).jpg|left|thumb|Two PLAGF soldiers with their QBZ-95s march through mountainous terrain, during Elbrus Ring international competition]] The design of the QBZ-95 is completely new with little resemblance to any of the previous Chinese designs. Thanks to the low recoil impulse of the small caliber ammunition and a recoil buffer system, the rifle is claimed to be more controllable in automatic fire.<ref name="LTTE"/> The aim was to develop an assault rifle based around the [[5.8×42mm DBP87|5.8×42mm]] round, with specifications of being accurate and reliable. ===Operation=== Magazines are inserted into the magazine well, which is located to the rear of the pistol grip. The magazine is inserted front-first into the well so that the notch on the front of the magazine is retained in the well. The magazine is then "rocked" into place by rotating the rear of the magazine upwards into the well (in a manner similar to the [[AK-47]] series) until the magazine latch to the rear of the well is engaged. To release the magazine, the magazine release is pressed rearward, and the magazine pivoted forward and disengaged from the front recess. The QBZ-95 uses a linear striker-firing mechanism, where a spring-loaded firing pin and linear hammer fires the chambered cartridge; most post-World War II military rifles use a rotating hammer firing mechanism. The firing mechanism and trigger are inspired by the [[vz. 58]], but with noticeable differences. The QBZ-95's striker piece has a more complex shape. Furthermore, the QBZ-95 uses in-line main and striker springs using the same spring guide rod, instead of two parallel springs.<ref name="QBZ-95_machine">{{cite web |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2015/04/27/qbz-95-bullpups-action-works/ |title=How the QBZ-95 bullpup's action works |work=thefirearmblog |publisher=thefirearmblog |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717071014/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2015/04/27/qbz-95-bullpups-action-works/ |archive-date=2018-07-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> The charging handle is located under the integral carrying handle, similar to early versions of the [[AR-10]]. To chamber a round and charge the weapon, this handle is pulled fully to the rear and then released forward to bring a round into the chamber. It is then ready to fire. On the later variants, if the bolt is held open, the charging handle will be locked in the rear position under the carrying handle. One can either use the finger to pull the charging handle to the rear fully or press the bolt release button located behind the magazine latch to release the bolt, one feature the previous design lacks.<ref name="95-1" /> ===Ergonomics=== [[File:Multinational VBSS Exercise at RIMPAC 160714-N-MV764-001.jpg|thumb|Chinese Navy sailor holding a QBZ-95B short barrel carbine during [[Visit, board, search, and seizure|VBSS]] Exercise at [[Exercise RIMPAC|RIMPAC]]]] Some experts are concerned over the awkward position of the safety lever near the end of the rifle away from the shooter's hand.<ref name="QBZ-95"/> This position makes it difficult to quickly select "fire" when it is in "safe" mode. This is resolved on the "G" (''"Gai"'', 改; literally: "modified") variant (QBZ-95-1) where the fire selector switch is repositioned above the pistol grip, giving it a thumb fire selector switch for easy firing mode transition.<ref name="95-1" /> The QBZ-95-1 has a redesigned recoil buffer and feels gentler when fired.<ref name="QBZ-95_machine" /> ==Accessories== ===Grenade launchers=== The QBZ-95 can launch [[rifle grenade]]s from the barrel using blank ammunition. It can also mount the [[Type 91 grenade launcher|QLG-91B]] (Type 91B) under-barrel grenade launcher. This 35&nbsp;mm launcher weighs {{convert|1.45|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and is {{convert|310|mm|in|abbr=on}} long. It loads from the breech and fires grenades at {{convert|75|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}. Various lethal and non-lethal rounds are available including high explosive, tear gas, and illumination. Other options include the [[QLG-10]] and [[QLG-10|QLG-10A]] 35&nbsp;mm grenade launchers, which both can be mounted on QBZ-95-1, QBZ-95-1, and QBZ-95B-1.<ref name="sadj"/> The QLG-10/A is the same length and weighs the same as the QLG91B, but differs in that it fires [[caseless ammunition]]. It is modeled after the Russian [[GP-25]] and fires DFS-10 grenades. The DFS-10 has the same caseless design as the Russian VOG-25 where the base of the round is the propellant and nothing is left in the barrel after firing. The QLG10A launcher is loaded from its muzzle and the shell has pre-engraved rifling for added stabilization. It is aimed with iron sights mounted to the left above the barrel, but a [[red dot sight]] can be installed over the sight base. The DFS-10 round weighs {{convert|169|g|oz|abbr=on}}, has a velocity of {{convert|78|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}, and has an effective range of 430 meters. Warheads include high explosive fragmentation, high explosive dual-purpose, inert practice, and less-lethal riot control versions.<ref>[http://www.gunsandweapons.net/qlg-10/ QLG-10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224084301/http://www.gunsandweapons.net/qlg-10/ |date=2013-12-24 }} – Gunsandweapons.net, 12 September 2013</ref> ===Bayonet=== The QBZ-95 can be mounted with the Type 87 bayonet, which is based on the M9 bayonet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nirvi.fi/nnbm/page313.html |title=Type 95 |access-date=2018-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807083123/http://www.nirvi.fi/nnbm/page313.html |archive-date=2018-08-07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://worldbayonets.com/Bayonet_Identification_Guide/China/China_2.html |title=Bayonets of China |access-date=2018-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163542/http://worldbayonets.com/Bayonet_Identification_Guide/China/China_2.html |archive-date=2018-08-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Sights=== Soldiers can mount optical sights for their rifles, due to a [[dovetail rail]] built into the carrying handle. The QBZ-95 can also use YMA95 and YMA95-1 scopes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CN106197147A|url=https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/45/a4/8b/9ef9389dbca64f/CN106197147A.pdf|language=zh}}</ref> QBZ-95 and QBZ-95–1 series rifles can also fitted with improved QMK-171 3x scope. QMK-171 shares the same design as the QMK-152 scope fitted with [[QBZ-191]], though QMK-152 only fits on [[picatinny rail]], whereas QMK-171 has quick-lock lever for dovetail rail.<ref name="scope">{{cite web|url= https://www.sohu.com/a/430818713_100191046 |title= 我军95步枪喜提全新瞄准镜 还用上这项黑科技(图) |date=10 November 2020|language=Chinese |website=Sohu News}}</ref> ===Picatinny rail=== Carrying handle can be mounted with short picatinny rail, as well as be swapped to new upper receiver with customization capability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techthisoutamerica.com/enter-chinas-new-laser-gun-rifle/type-95-qbz95-5-8x42mm-assault-rifle-carbine-picatinny-rail-a-qbz-97-export-peoples-liberation-army-armed-forces-china-chinese-peoples-armed-police-para-military-police-light-support-w-17/|title=Type 95 QBZ95 5.8x42mm Assault Rifle Carbine Picatinny rail}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/07/25/qbz-95-1-enters-picatinny-age/|title=QBZ 95-1 Enters the Picatinny Age|date=25 July 2017}}</ref> Most of the picatinny rail modifications for Type 95 are designed by Wang Jie（{{zh|s=王杰}}）and Hong Kong weapon designer Lee Ka-Ho ({{zh|t=李家豪}}). ACP Peak series by Lee has a flat-top rail system while “Long Bow” ({{zh|长弓}}) modification from Wang Jie retains the shape of the carrying handle. Both modifications are fielded within Chinese police force and People’s Liberation Army.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://pewpewpew.work/china/rifle/qbz95/upgrad.htm |title=Type 95 upgrade and mods |website=Guns’ World}}</ref> ==Variants== === Military variants === ====QBZ-95 (Rifle)==== This is the Chinese standard-issue version of the rifle, chambered for the [[5.8×42mm DBP87]] round.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinese 5.8mm Infantry Small Arms Ammunition|url=https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1684|access-date=2021-03-20|website=www.smallarmsreview.com}}</ref> Due to issues associated with the original design, the PLA began a program to improve the Type 95. Lead designer Duo Yingxian (朵英贤), now retired, stated that the project was currently in progress by some of his students.<ref name="GAA"/> The goals for the Type 95 upgrade program include the following:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tacticalgunfan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=514&Itemid=1 |title=PLA Moves Its Assault Rifle To Next Level |work=TacticalGunFan |date=2009-04-13 |access-date=2009-04-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416063442/http://www.tacticalgunfan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=514&Itemid=1 |archive-date=April 16, 2009 }}</ref> 1. To improve the rifle's ergonomics and fire controls.<br> 2. To chamber the rifle for a new type of ammunition with double the effective range.<br> 3. To add a quick-firing, domestically-produced grenade launcher. The upgrade program resulted in the improved QBZ-95-1 variant. ====QBZ-95B (Carbine)==== [[File:QBZ95B short assault rifles 20170902.jpg|thumb|A QBZ-95B with a shortened barrel]] This is a shorter and lighter version of the standard rifle. From pictures seen the QBZ-95B is seen issued only to naval officers, most likely due to the limited room in naval vessels that would preclude the full length rifle being used in close quarters. Its shorter barrel prevents a grenade launcher or bayonet from being attached, and it has an AKS-74U style muzzle booster. The carbine may also be in use with special forces.<ref name="sadj"/> The carbine lacks a forend and instead has a foregrip, with the front iron sight built into the carrying handle.<ref name="QBZ-95"/> ====QJB-95 LSW (Light Support Weapon)==== [[File:QBB-95 Sideview.png|thumb|The QJB-95 LSW with a drum mag and folded bipod]] The [[squad automatic weapon]] variant of the QBZ-95. The designation "QJB" stands for "'''Q'''ingwuqi, '''J'''iqiang, '''B'''anyong", which means "Light weapon/Small arm, Machinegun, Squad-use". It has an added bipod, a longer, heavier barrel and 80-round drum magazine to allow sustained fire, however, the standard 30-round box magazine is also compatible. Although the QJB-95 and QBZ-95 both take the standard [[5.8×42mm DBP87]] round, the QJB-95 typically uses the [[5.8×42mm#5.8×42mm_cartridge_variants|5.8x42mm DBP88]] "heavy round" squad automatic weapon and [[designated marksman rifle]] cartridges, which have longer, deeper armour penetration and better ballistics at long range. As using the heavy rounds on a QBZ-95 would greatly wear the barrel in action, normal cartridges are used on QBZ-95 rifles. However, with the fielding of the QBZ-95-1 variant, newer and heavier DBP10 cartridges will become the standard ammunition for both weapons. ====QBZ-97 (5.56 mm)==== The QBZ-97 is an export version similar to the QBZ-95 in all respects except that it is chambered for [[5.56×45mm NATO]] ammunition instead of the original Chinese 5.8&nbsp;mm cartridge and has a deep magazine well designed to accept [[STANAG magazine]]s. This rifle is currently used by Ginghis Security Academy, a Chinese private security group, supplementing their QBZ-95s.<ref>[http://www.tebao.net/imgs.aspx?id=1 中国·红色盾牌·天骄特卫] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817113349/http://www.tebao.net/imgs.aspx?id=1 |date=August 17, 2012 }}</ref> ====QBZ-97A (5.56 mm Assault Rifle)==== This variant is a QBZ-97 with the addition of a 3-round [[Burst mode (firearm)|burst mode]] and a bolt hold-open device; it also differs from the QBZ-95 and the QBZ-97 for the shape of its grip, now missing the "front grip" part in front of the trigger guard. This weapon is the only QBZ-95 variant to have seen commercial success and military use outside of China. ====QBZ-97B (5.56 mm Carbine)==== This is the carbine version of the QBZ-97. The official distributor of the QBZ-97B assault carbine on the international market, ''Jianshe Industries (Group) Corporation'', advertises and sells it under the denomination "5.56mm Short Automatic Rifle Type NQZ03B (97)".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.qq.com/a/20080416/002588.htm |title=Jianshe Industries NQZ-03B brochure pictures |access-date=2009-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420165103/http://news.qq.com/a/20080416/002588.htm |archive-date=2008-04-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> ====QJB-97 LSW (5.56 mm Light Support Weapon)==== The light support weapon model of the QBZ-97 is chambered for [[5.56×45mm NATO]] ammunition instead of the original Chinese 5.8&nbsp;mm cartridge. ====QBZ-95-1 (Rifle)==== The new QBZ-95-1, also called the QBZ-95 “Gai” ("改"; literally: "modified"), addresses several reliability and ease-of-use issues, and has improved ergonomics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2010/09/07/chinas-new-service-rifle-qbz-95g/|title=China's new service rifle: QBZ-95G – The Firearm Blog|work=The Firearm Blog|date=7 September 2010|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112110104/http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2010/09/07/chinas-new-service-rifle-qbz-95g/|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GAA"/> QBZ-95 variant titled "1" fires the heavier [[5.8×42mm|5.8×42mm DBP10]] round,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yan|first=Timothy|date=2020-09-15|title=China's 5.8x42mm Rifle Cartridge - How Good Is It?|url=https://www.firearmsnews.com/editorial/chinas-58x42mm-rifle-cartridge-how-good-is-it/384452|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Firearms News|language=en}}</ref> and has a heavier, longer barrel and a redesigned muzzle brake to use it. The "1" variant has an altered butt stock, trigger guard, and a repositioned thumb fire selector switch above the pistol grip. The carrying handle has retained the Chinese quick release mount rail. In addition, bullet casings eject to the front (1 o'clock position from the barrel) of the weapon, allowing left handed firing. Also, there is a bolt release button located behind the magazine latch.<ref name="95-1">{{cite web|url=http://china-defense.blogspot.ca/2012/07/type95qbz95-1-58x42mm-assault-rifle.html|title=China Defense Blog|author=Coatepeque|date=4 July 2012|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223230100/http://china-defense.blogspot.ca/2012/07/type95qbz95-1-58x42mm-assault-rifle.html|archive-date=23 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> It was observed undergoing testing and evaluation in early 2010. It was later introduced into service, replacing the original QBZ-95 assault rifle. The original QBZ-95 rifles are being handed down to second line and reserve troops, while front line troops receive the QBZ-95-1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2010-03/22/content_13219688.htm|title=ýйƻƳ95Gвǹ_»_»|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610034320/http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2010-03/22/content_13219688.htm|archive-date=10 June 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1012/6/5/0/101265003.html?coluid=0&kindid=0&docid=101265003&mdate=0320110332|title=中國評論新聞：外媒：中國將推95G式新型自動步槍|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222106/http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1012/6/5/0/101265003.html?coluid=0&kindid=0&docid=101265003&mdate=0320110332|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The QBZ-95-1 is scheduled to be replaced in the near future by a new assault rifle known as the QBZ-191.<ref name="RifleAT">{{Cite web|last=Makichuk|first=Dave|date=2020-04-22|title=QBZ-191: Meet China's new assault rifle|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/04/china-fields-traditional-assault-rifle-in-qbz-191/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Asia Times|language=en-US}}</ref> ====QBZ-95B-1 (Carbine)==== Improved version of the QBZ-95B with barrel and ergonomic enhancements of the QBZ-95-1 in the carbine platform.<ref name="sadj"/><ref name="gunsworld">{{cite web|url=http://www.gunsworld.net/china/rifle/qbz95/qbz951.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 26, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701200450/http://www.gunsworld.net/china/rifle/qbz95/qbz951.htm |archive-date=July 1, 2012 }} (Chinese text)</ref> ====QJB-95-1 LSW (Light Support Weapon)==== Improved version of the QJB-95 LSW with the ergonomic enhancements of the QBZ-95-1 in the squad machine gun platform.<ref name="sadj"/><ref name="gunsworld"/> ===Civilian variants=== [[File:Stock T97NSR.jpg|thumb|T97NSR made by Norinco for the Canadian civilian market.]] Two sporterized, semi-automatic only rifles based upon the QBZ-97A assault rifle and the QBZ-97B assault carbine have been developed for the civilian market, the Type 97 rifle and the Type 97A carbine. They are chambered for the [[.223 Remington]] and [[5.56mm]] cartridge and are fed by [[STANAG magazine]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2008/08/17/type-97-chinese-semi-auto-qbz-97-bullpup-coming-to-canada/ |title=Type 97 (Chinese semi-auto QBZ-97 bullpup) coming to Canada |work=The Firearm Blog |date=2008-08-17 |access-date=2008-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203232716/http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2008/08/17/type-97-chinese-semi-auto-qbz-97-bullpup-coming-to-canada/ |archive-date=2008-12-03 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadaammo.com/product.php?productid=25&cat=0&page=1 |title=Norinco Type-97 Rifle, 5.56mm |publisher=CanadaAmmo.com |access-date=2008-10-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019212449/http://www.canadaammo.com/product.php?productid=25&cat=0&page=1 |archive-date=2008-10-19 }}</ref> Type 97A carbines became available in Canada in 2008, were classified as Non-Restricted by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP), and sold to general public. In January 2009, a shipment of Type 97 firearms was approved by the RCMP for retail sale, but later confiscated and seized by [[Canada Border Services Agency]] (CBSA) officers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadaammo.com/news.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=May 27, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413091228/http://www.canadaammo.com/news.php |archive-date=April 13, 2009 }}</ref> Around the same time a second shipment of Type 97A restricted firearms was also stopped by CBSA. On March 22, 2010 about 35 civilian owners of the Type 97A carbine originally imported by Lever Arms of BC (the only version ever available for sale) were sent notice by the RCMP indicating that the status of their firearm had been changed to 12.2 prohibited (fully automatic), and owners without such a firearm license had 30 days to turn in their Type 97A firearm to either individual or business that has such a license, or to police for destruction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nfa.ca/norinco-type-97-reclassification-firearms-act |title=Norinco Type 97 & Reclassification Of Firearms Act Briefing Paper On Reclassification of Firearms and Related Issues Prepared for The Government of Canada |publisher=Canada’s National Firearms Association |access-date=2010-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716200823/http://www.nfa.ca/norinco-type-97-reclassification-firearms-act |archive-date=2010-07-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Canadian Type-97 owners initiated a reference hearing, to establish legality of re-classification of the Type-97 semi-automatic weapon to prohibited status. In early 2012 the challenge was lost, and the judge ruled that Type-97 firearms indeed are prohibited devices.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} While the exact details of the modification are kept secret, RCMP firearm technicians, allegedly, demonstrated to an expert on the defense side, that the Type-97 firearm can be readily and easily converted to fully automatic mode of operation in short time and with commonly available tools. As a result, Type-97 firearms were confiscated from the owners, and are no longer legal for civilian ownership in Canada (even for people with the so-called 12.2 fully automatic firearm license). On April 28, 2013, Norinco's new EMEI T97NSR was classified as a non-restricted firearm by the RCMP with FRT Number 142760, and became legal for dealers to import for those with non-restricted possession and acquisition licenses. It is legal in Canada for hunting, varmint control, target practice and competitive shooting. It went into retail stores on September 17, 2013 and costs about $1,000 CAD.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2013/11/24/norinco-t97-bullpup-returns-canada/|title=Norinco T97 Bullpup Returns to Canada – The Firearm Blog|work=The Firearm Blog|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111023005/http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2013/11/24/norinco-t97-bullpup-returns-canada/|archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ====NQZ03A==== Export variant, chambered in [[5.56 NATO]].{{cn|date=October 2021}} ====NQZ03B==== Shortened variant, chambered in [[5.56 NATO]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=15131 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730080557/http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=15131 |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2008-04-16/1131495575.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081110/http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2008-04-16/1131495575.html |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Flat-Top==== [[File:Flat Top Upper T97NSR.jpg|thumb|A T97NSR modified with a Flat Top Upper (FTU), made by T97.ca.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2015/06/14/weekend-photo-the-chinese-type-97/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081938/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2015/06/14/weekend-photo-the-chinese-type-97/ |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[File:EMEI-T97NSR.jpg|thumb|EMEI T97NSR modified with a Flat Top Upper (FTU) and Lower Hand Guard (LHG), made by T97.ca]] Enhanced variants with a [[Picatinny rail]] replacing the top carrying handle (so called "flat-top") have been built in both Canada and China. Two export variants, dubbed the EM3516<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.ifeng.com/a/20150618/44001844_0.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730080646/http://news.ifeng.com/a/20150618/44001844_0.shtml |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> and T97NSR-A,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cjaie.com/content/details16_11.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081005/http://cjaie.com/content/details16_11.html |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> have been unveiled. ===Foreign variants=== ====EMER-K1==== {{main|EMER-K1}} ====MA-1 Mk IIII==== The MA-1 Mk III series is based on the QBZ-97s that are exported to Myanmar back in 2009.<ref name="BT">{{Cite web |url=https://item.btime.com/30njpcbms8m8osq2b99ekutvtmk |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081119/https://item.btime.com/30njpcbms8m8osq2b99ekutvtmk |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="sadj"/><ref>{{cite web|date=17 May 2016|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htweap/articles/20090228.aspx?comments=Y|title=China Exports Its Radical New Assault Rifle|access-date=2010-03-11|publisher=Strategy Page|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66ie4sCya?url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htweap/articles/20090228.aspx?comments=Y|archive-date=6 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The rifles were made without any licensing agreement with Norinco despite claims that Myanmar made it in the country, while using phenolic plastic materials in its construction.<ref name="Parade">{{Cite web |url=http://news.hexun.com/2015-01-06/172102830.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803133714/http://news.hexun.com/2015-01-06/172102830.html |archive-date=2018-08-03 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mini.eastday.com/a/170116235509045.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803104349/http://mini.eastday.com/a/170116235509045.html |archive-date=2018-08-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> Instead of the bayonet used by the QBZ-95, the MA-1 Mk IIIs use the bayonet based on the Type 81 assault rifle's own bayonet as standard equipment.<ref name="Parade"/> They consist of the following variants:<ref name="BT"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://item.btime.com/m_9c13043f392e48556 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081046/https://item.btime.com/m_9c13043f392e48556 |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> * MA-1 Mk III: Standard assault rifle. * MA-2 Mk III: Light machine gun version with a long barrel and a bipod. * MA-3 MK III: Carbine version. Known to be used by Myanmar special forces units.<ref name="BT2">{{Cite web |url=https://item.btime.com/m_9c13043f392e48556?page=2 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081113/https://item.btime.com/m_9c13043f392e48556?page=2 |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> * MA-4 Mk III: Standard assault rifle equipped with an underbarrel grenade launcher. It's also known to be used by Myanmar special forces units.<ref name="BT2"/> ==Users== <!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.--> [[File:QBZ User.png|thumb|right|Current users of QBZ-95/97]] *{{flag|Cambodia}}: [[Special Forces Command (Cambodia)|911 Para-Commando Special Forces]] and Bodyguard Unit (The QBZ-97, QBZ-97A, QBZ-97B, and QJB-97 LSW).<ref name="gun-world.net">{{cite web|title=QBZ97自动步枪|url=http://www.gun-world.net/china/rifle/qbz97/qbz97.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029155147/http://www.gun-world.net/china/rifle/qbz97/qbz97.htm|archive-date=29 October 2007|access-date=2008-01-16}}</ref> Known to be the first foreign user of the QBZ-97 variant.<ref name="Report">{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/171425/SIPRIPP38.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802071307/https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/171425/SIPRIPP38.pdf|archive-date=2018-08-02|access-date=2018-08-02}}</ref> *{{flag|China}}: Standard service rifle of the [[People's Liberation Army]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/CurrentIssue/dl.php?filename%3D201003140001071.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707174915/http://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/CurrentIssue/dl.php?filename=201003140001071.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> *{{flag|Laos}}<ref name="RifleAT"/> *{{flag|Myanmar}}: QBZ-97s exported to Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://salw-guide.bicc.de/pdf/countries/148/myanmar-burma.std.en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730110401/https://salw-guide.bicc.de/pdf/countries/148/myanmar-burma.std.en.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> Manufactured locally as ''MA-1 MK-III , MA-2 MK-III , MA-3 MK-III , MA-4 MK-III''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@SmallArmsSurvey/seeking-supplies-developments-of-small-arms-production-and-industry-in-myanmar-e2fb72daccd7|title=Seeking Supplies: Developments of Small Arms Production and Industry in Myanmar|author=Small Arms Survey|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111085748/https://medium.com/@SmallArmsSurvey/seeking-supplies-developments-of-small-arms-production-and-industry-in-myanmar-e2fb72daccd7|archive-date=11 November 2020|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|date=2020-11-11}}</ref> *{{flag|Pakistan}}<ref name="RifleAT"/> *{{flag|Philippines}}: QBZ-97 variant used by [[Philippine National Police]], [[Special Action Force]].<ref name="BT"/> *{{flag|Rwanda}}<ref name="RifleAT"/> *{{flag|Sudan}}: [[Sudanese Army]], QBZ-97 selected for Sudanese "Kombo" Future Soldier System.<ref>[http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2014/03/24/sudanese-future-soldier-system/ Sudanese Future Soldier System]</ref> Appears to be made at the [[Military Industry Corporation]] from components shipped from China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=4132 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072923/http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=4132 |archive-date=2018-01-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> Known as Sinan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Small Arms Archive Detail Page for 7867|url=https://www.smallarmsreview.com/archive/detail.arc.entry.cfm?arcid=22533|access-date=2021-03-20|website=www.smallarmsreview.com}}</ref> ===Non-state actors=== * [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Tamil Tigers]]: Equipped with the QBZ-97.<ref name="LTTE" /> * [[United Wa State Army]]: Adopting the QBZ-97 to replace UWSA-made Type 81s.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210215023458/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/united-wa-state-army-military-parade-showcases-ongoing-modernisation|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/united-wa-state-army-military-parade-showcases-ongoing-modernisation|title=United Wa State Army military parade showcases ongoing modernisation|date=2019-04-23|accessdate=2021-02-15|archivedate=2021-02-15|publisher=Janes}}</ref> ==See also== *[[QBZ-03]] *[[QBZ-191]] *[[QJS-161]] * [[Steyr AUG]]—Austrian bullpup assault rifle * [[FAMAS]]—French bullpup assault rifle * [[SA80|L85]]—British bullpup assault rifle * [[F2000]]—Belgian bullpup assault rifle * [[HS Produkt VHS]]—Croatian bullpup assault rifle * [[IMI Tavor TAR-21|Tavor]]—Israeli bullpup assault rifle *[[List of bullpup firearms]] ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Bibliography== * {{cite book|title=Global Development and Production of Self-loading Service Rifles: 1896 to the Present|jstor=resrep10728|first= N.R.|last= Jenzen-Jones |date=January 2017|isbn=978-2-940548-34-7 |publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]]|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-WP25-Self-loading-rifles.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629213337/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-WP25-Self-loading-rifles.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 29, 2017|series= Working Paper 25}} ==External links== {{commons category|Type 95 rifle}} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PjUIVCHLz4 Chinese Media discussing the Type 95 rifle] {{Modern Chinese Infantry Weapons}} {{Bullpup Firearms}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qbz-95}} [[Category:5.8 mm firearms]] [[Category:5.56 mm assault rifles]] [[Category:Assault rifles of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:Bullpup rifles]] [[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1997]] [[Category:Norinco]]'