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17:33, 29 November 2021: 208.38.237.66 (talk) triggered filter 636, performing the action "edit" on 2010 Chile earthquake. Actions taken: Warn; Filter description: Unexplained removal of sourced content (examine)

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The earthquake affected production at the [[Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas]] (CCU) and Cervecería Chile factories that together have a 90% share of the Chilean beer market. With an average annual per capita consumption of 36 liters, scarcity caused prices to rise from 990–1500 to 2000 [[Chilean peso]]s per litre. CCU responded by increasing capacity of their plant in [[Temuco]] that did not suffer major damage during the earthquake and by importing beer from their factories in Argentina. 50 trucks with beer are reported to have reached Santiago from Argentina. In March 2010, ten CCU executives said that the country will not run out of beer and that within two to three months production levels would be normalized.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rodrigo Bustamante Santiago de Chile |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/america_latina/2010/03/100309_0140_chile_sismo_cerveza_gz.shtml |title=El sismo hace escasear la cerveza en Chile |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> Liquor store owners expressed complaints regarding a beer [[rationing]] scheme implemented by CCU. The scarcity favored consumption of "premium beers" like [[Kunstmann]] and [[Paceña]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurioantofagasta.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100414/pags/20100414000505.html |title=Continúa la escasez de cerveza por terremoto |publisher=Mercurioantofagasta.cl |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref>
The earthquake affected production at the [[Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas]] (CCU) and Cervecería Chile factories that together have a 90% share of the Chilean beer market. With an average annual per capita consumption of 36 liters, scarcity caused prices to rise from 990–1500 to 2000 [[Chilean peso]]s per litre. CCU responded by increasing capacity of their plant in [[Temuco]] that did not suffer major damage during the earthquake and by importing beer from their factories in Argentina. 50 trucks with beer are reported to have reached Santiago from Argentina. In March 2010, ten CCU executives said that the country will not run out of beer and that within two to three months production levels would be normalized.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rodrigo Bustamante Santiago de Chile |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/america_latina/2010/03/100309_0140_chile_sismo_cerveza_gz.shtml |title=El sismo hace escasear la cerveza en Chile |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> Liquor store owners expressed complaints regarding a beer [[rationing]] scheme implemented by CCU. The scarcity favored consumption of "premium beers" like [[Kunstmann]] and [[Paceña]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurioantofagasta.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100414/pags/20100414000505.html |title=Continúa la escasez de cerveza por terremoto |publisher=Mercurioantofagasta.cl |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref>


== Tsunami ==
== Sunami ==
Chile- it killed all the OG barbz. Rip
A [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] was first declared for [[Chile]] and [[Peru]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|title=Australia on tsunami watch after quake|publisher=News.ninemsn.com.au|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302022133/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|archive-date=2 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a tsunami watch for [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], [[Antarctica]], [[Panama]] and [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html|title=Massive earthquake, aftershocks rattle Chile tsunami warning issued|newspaper=[[CNN]]|publisher=[[Time Warner]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301044543/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 « Strong earthquake hits Chile, Tsunami warning issued in region »] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707164100/http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 |date=7 July 2012 }}, ''peoplestar.co.uk'', Retrieved on 27 February 2010.</ref> The warning was later extended to a Pacific Ocean-wide warning, covering all coastal areas on the Pacific Ocean except the west coast of the United States, British Columbia, and Alaska.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt|title=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301011944/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Hawaiian media reported that tsunami warning sirens first sounded at 06:00 local time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|title=Tsunami warning in effect for Hawaii|date=27 February 2010|work=[[KHII-TV|Hawaii News Now]]|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301133849/http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|archive-date=1 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The U.S. Tsunami Warning Center issued advisories about potential tsunami of less than {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} striking the Pacific Ocean coastline between California and most of Alaska late in the afternoon or through the evening 12 or more hours after the initial earthquake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Hector |date=27 February 2010 |title=L.A. County fire officials expect waves from Chile quake to top at 3 feet; no warning to be issued |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/california-beaches-to-see-waves-peak-at-three-feet-experts-say.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Although the earthquake killed far fewer people than the Haitian earthquake less than 7 weeks prior, it was still devastating. The tsunami warning was cancelled for all countries except Japan and Russia in PTWC Bulletin 18 of 00:12 UTC on 28 February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.234803.txt |title=PTWC Bulletin 18: cancelling warning for all countries except Japan and Russia |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref>

In general, tsunamis tend to come in several waves, of which the first may not be the highest.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfku9-1225835190018 | work=news.com.au | title=Tsunami threatens Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Pacific Rim | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://home.nzcity.co.nz/news/article.aspx?id=111419&fm=newsmain,nrhl New Zealand is among 53 Pacific Ocean nations where tsunami alerts have been issued following an earthquake off Chile], NZCity, 28 February 2010.</ref>

[[File:2010 Chile earthquake - NOAA buoy 34142 - water column height short.png|frame|right|The tsunami's passage as recorded by [[National Data Buoy Center]] [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]] (DART) buoy 34142, located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean 630 nautical miles (1170 km) southwest of [[Lima]], Peru.]]

The U.S. [[National Weather Service]]'s [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] issued a [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] throughout a huge swathe of the Pacific region, including [[Antarctica]].<ref name=npr>{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Memmott|title='Massive' Earthquake Hits Chile; Tsunami Warnings Up Across Pacific|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301073207/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> In the Americas, the warning extended to [[Chile]] (including [[Easter Island]]), [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], and [[Panama]].<ref name=npr/> A warning was also issued for the Oceania and [[Pacific Islands]] nations and territories of [[American Samoa]], [[Australia]], the [[Cook Islands]], the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (including the FSM states of [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]], [[Kosrae]], [[Pohnpei]] and [[Yap]]), [[Fiji]], [[French Polynesia]], [[Guam]], [[Hawaii]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Island]], the [[Kermadec Islands]], [[Kiribati]], [[Marcus Island]], the [[Marshall Islands]], [[Midway Island]], [[New Caledonia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Niue]], the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Pitcairn Islands]], [[Samoa]], the [[Solomon Islands]], [[Tokelau]], [[Tonga]], [[Tuvalu]], [[Wallis and Futuna]] and [[Wake Island]].<ref name=npr/> Tsunami warnings were also in effect as far away as [[East Asia|East]] and Southeast Asia including [[Japan]], [[Indonesia]], [[Hong Kong]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/equake/tsunami_mon.htm#|title=Tsunami Monitoring and Warning in Hong Kong|website=hko.gov.hk|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> the [[Philippines]], [[Russia]] and [[Republic of China|Taiwan]].<ref name=npr/>

Coastal areas of Canada's westernmost province [[British Columbia]] was under a tsunami advisory, and this was the most alarming advisory as the earthquake occurred during the same time as the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in Vancouver.<ref name=vancouversun/> No large wave was expected to strike British Columbia, but strong local [[ocean currents]] combined with a wave put low-lying coastal regions at risk of flooding.<ref name=vancouversun>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory|url=https://vancouversun.com/Coastal+under+tsunami+advisory/2622092/story.html|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402051033/http://www.vancouversun.com/Coastal%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Badvisory/2622092/story.html|archive-date=2 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The first wave was expected to reach southern British Columbia at 15:11&nbsp;local time.<ref name=vancouversun/> Residents were advised to avoid [[beaches]], [[harbors]] and [[marinas]].<ref name=montrealgazette>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory after massive Chilean earthquake|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast+under+tsunami+warning/2622118/story.html|agency=[[Canwest News Service]]|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403063509/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Bwarning/2622118/story.html|archive-date=3 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

A tsunami advisory was also issued for coastal areas of California, [[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and southern [[Alaska]] in the United States.<ref name=mynorthwest>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory for Washington Coast|url=http://www.mynorthwest.com/?nid=11&sid=290506|work=MyNorthwest.com|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> This tsunami advisory was canceled as of 07:13
UTD on 28 February.<ref>[https://archive.today/20131012125151/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/25/message725245-25.htm Tsunami Advisory Cancellation #25 issued 27 February 2010 at 11:13PM PST], NOAA/NWS/National Tsunami Warning Center</ref>

Russian authorities lifted a tsunami alert for the [[Kamchatka]] coast, after the arrival of a 0.8&nbsp;m (2.6&nbsp;ft) surge that caused no damage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61R0RO20100228|work=Reuters|title=Tsunami waves hit Russia, no damage reported|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> The tsunami was also reported to be small along the Japanese coast, and passed without incident. Many coastal areas in Japan had been evacuated as a precaution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html|work=The New York Times|first=Martin|last=Fackler|title=Officials Breathe Sigh of Relief as Tsunami Passes|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref>

The projections use DART ([[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]]) gauges spread along the sea floor, which is a fairly new technology. Initial deep sea readings showed wave height of 25 centimeters, which is huge for deep water, according to Gerard Fryer of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. He went on to say, "although it was huge, we didn't quite know what it meant because we haven't much experience with those. As we get more under our belts, we'll get better."<ref name=GordonPangFeb28/>


=== Chile ===
=== Chile ===

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'{{short description|Magnitude 8.8 earthquake in Chile on 27 February 2010}} {{About||the 2014 quake|2014 Iquique earthquake|the 2015 quake|2015 Illapel earthquake|the 2016 quake|2016 Chiloé earthquake|other earthquakes in and about Chile during 2010|List of earthquakes in Chile occurring in 2010}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} {{Infobox earthquake | title = 2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami | image = 2010 Chile earthquake - Building destroyed in Concepción.jpg | image alt = Collapsed building in [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. | caption = Damage sustained by a building in [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], located around 100 kilometres south of the epicenter. | map2 = [[File:2010 Chile earthquake epicenter.png|260px|border|alt=]] | timestamp = 2010-02-27 06:34:23 | isc-event = 14340585 | anss-url = official20100227063411530_30 | local-date = {{Start date|2010|02|27|df=yes}}<ref name="sismologia"/> | local-time = 03:34 [[Time in Chile|CST]] ([[UTC-03:00]]) | magnitude = 8.8 {{M|ww|link=y}} | intensity = {{MMI|IX}}<ref name=sismologia/><ref name="USGS_M8.8" /> | PGA = 0.65 ''[[peak ground acceleration|g]]''<ref>http://www.csn.uchile.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Informe_Terremoto_Cauquenes_2010.pdf</ref> | depth = {{convert|35|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="USGS"/><br />{{convert|30.1|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="sismologia"/> | location = {{Coord|35.909|S|72.733|W|type:event|display =inline,title}}<ref name="USGS"/><br />{{Coord|36.290|S|73.239|W|type:event|display =inline}}<ref name="sismologia"/> | type = [[Megathrust earthquake|Megathrust]] | countries affected = Chile | tsunami = Yes | casualties = 525 dead, 25 missing<ref name="muertos">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114043429/http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Subsecretaría del Interior de Chile (31 January 2011). "Informe final de fallecidos y desaparecidos por comuna"|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref> }} [[File:Torre O´Higgins conce.jpg|thumb|The partially collapsed 21-story O'Higgins Tower, Concepción]] The '''2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami''' ({{lang-es|Terremoto del 27F}}<ref>Labeled by the local media as "27F", probably influenced by Spanish events, such as the [[1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt]], known as "23F", or the more recent [[2004 Madrid train bombings]], called the "11M".</ref>) occurred off the coast of central [[Chile]] on Saturday, 27 February at 03:34 [[Time in Chile|local time]] (06:34 [[UTC]]), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the [[moment magnitude scale]], with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes.<ref name="reuters 1">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227|title=Reuters earthquake report|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=27 February 2010 | date=10 June 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100228184435/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227| archive-date= 28 February 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><!---<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/en/quake/|title=Japan Meteorological Agency report|work=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]|access-date=27 February 2010}} Information of this link almost changes</ref>---><ref name="sismologia"/><ref name="USGS">{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/ |title=USGS Earthquake Details |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301114502/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/ |archive-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unavco.org/community_science/science_highlights/2010/M8.8-Chile.html |title=Science Highlights 2010 – UNAVCO Event Response – Mw=8.8 Chile Earthquake Feb. 27, 2010 |publisher=UNAVCO |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> It was felt strongly in six [[Regions of Chile|Chilean regions]] (from [[Valparaíso Region|Valparaíso]] in the north to [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]] in the south), that together make up about 80 percent of the country's population. According to the [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) the cities experiencing the strongest shaking—VIII (''Severe'') on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] (MM)—were [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], [[Arauco, Chile|Arauco]], and [[Coronel, Chile|Coronel]]. According to Chile's Seismological Service [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] experienced the strongest shaking at MM IX (''Violent'').<ref name="sismologia"/><ref name="USGS_M8.8">{{cite web |title=M 8.8 - 36 km WNW of Quirihue, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20100227063411530_30/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> The earthquake was felt in the capital [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] at MM VII (''Very strong'')<ref name=pager>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html |title=PAGER–M 8.8–OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=27 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200203/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html |archive-date=2 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> or MM VIII.<ref name=sismologia>{{citation|url=http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2010/02/27-0634-28L.S201002.html |language=es |title=Informe de sismo sensible |at=sismologia.cl |publisher=Servicio Sismológico, [[University of Chile|Universidad de Chile]] |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=20 January 2013 }}</ref> Tremors were felt in many [[Argentina|Argentine]] cities, including [[Buenos Aires]], [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]], and [[La Rioja, Argentina|La Rioja]].<ref name="Infobae">{{cite web|url=http://www.infobae.com/general/502937-101275-0-Confirman-que-el-sismo-Chile-se-sinti%C3%B3-Buenos-Aires|title=Confirman que el sismo de Chile se sintió en Buenos Aires|date=27 February 2010|publisher=Infobae |language=es|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="infobae news 2">{{cite news|url=http://www.infobae.com/general/502942-101275-0-En-la-regi%C3%B3n-Cuyo-se-sinti%C3%B3-muy-fuerte-el-temblor-Chile|title=En la región de Cuyo "se sintió muy fuerte" el temblor de Chile|date=27 February 2010|work=Infobae.com|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> Tremors were felt as far north as the city of [[Ica (city)|Ica]] in southern [[Peru]] (approx. {{convert|2400|km|abbr=on}} away).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile- |date=27 February 2010 |work=[[Peru.com]] |language=es |title=Temblor sacude Ica y causa temor en pobladores tras terremoto en Chile |access-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014174913/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile- |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref> The earthquake triggered a [[tsunami]] which devastated several coastal towns in south-central Chile and damaged the port at [[Talcahuano]]. Tsunami warnings were issued in 53 countries,<ref name="sky news 1">{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago/Article/201002415561008?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15561008_Chile%3A_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale%2C_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago |title=Tsunami After Major Earthquake Hits Chile |date=27 February 2010 |work=[[Sky News]] |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402111537/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago/Article/201002415561008?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15561008_Chile%3A_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale%2C_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago |archive-date=2 April 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the wave caused minor damage in the [[San Diego]] area of California<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfan.php#summary |title=Magnitude 8.8 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316004001/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfan.php |archive-date=16 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and in the [[Tōhoku region]] of Japan, where damage to the fisheries business was estimated at [[¥]]6.26 billion (US$66.7 million).<ref>[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100328b1.html Fisheries took ¥6 billion hit from Chile tsunami], ''[[Japan Times]]''. 28 March 2010.</ref> The earthquake also generated [[2010 Chile blackout|a blackout that affected 93 percent of the Chilean population]] and which went on for several days in some locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdec-sic.cl/noticia_en.php?noticia_id=842 |title=Apagón en el SIC del 27 de Febrero de 2010 |publisher=Cdec-sic.cl |access-date=11 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005909/https://www.cdec-sic.cl/noticia_en.php?noticia_id=842 |archive-date=7 July 2011 }}</ref> [[President of Chile|President]] [[Michelle Bachelet]] declared a "[[State of Emergency|state of catastrophe]]" and sent military troops to take control of the most affected areas. According to official sources, 525 people lost their lives, 25 people went missing<ref name="muertos"/> and about 9% of the population in the affected regions lost their homes.<ref>[http://www.mideplan.gob.cl/encuesta-post-terremoto/documentos/informe-encuesta-post-terremoto.pdf Casen Post-Earthquake Survey] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807122915/http://www.mideplan.gob.cl/encuesta-post-terremoto/documentos/informe-encuesta-post-terremoto.pdf |date=7 August 2011 }}, Ministry of Planning.</ref> On 10 March, [[Swiss Reinsurance Co.]] estimated that the Chilean quake would cost insurance companies between 4 and 7 billion dollars. The rival German-based [[Munich Re]] AG made the same estimate.<ref name="AP">{{cite news |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-swiss-re-puts-chile-quake-insurance-cost-at-4-7bn-2010mar10-story.html |title=Swiss Re puts Chile quake insurance cost at $4-7BN |agency=Associated Press |date=10 March 2010 |newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] }}</ref> Earthquake's losses to the economy of Chile are estimated at US$15–30 billion.<ref>[http://hqweb.unep.org/yearbook/2011/ UNEP Year Book2011, An Overview of Our Changing Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084112/http://hqweb.unep.org/yearbook/2011/ |date=7 April 2014 }}, United Nations Environment Programme 2011 page 2</ref> == Location == According to the USGS, the [[epicenter]] of the earthquake was about {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=in}} off the coast of [[Pelluhue]], a town in the [[Maule Region]]. This is about {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=in}} west of the village of Chovellén, {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=in}} southwest of the town of Pelluhue and at a point approximately {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=in}} away from the following four provincial capitals: [[Talca]] (to the north-east), [[Linares, Chile|Linares]] (to the east), [[Chillán]] (to the south-east) and [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] (to the south).<ref name="USGS"/> Chile's Seismological Service located the quake's epicenter at about {{convert|34|km|mi|abbr=in}} off the coast of [[Ñuble Region]] in the [[Biobío Region]]. This is {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=in}} north of Concepción and {{convert|170|km|mi|abbr=in}} south-west of Talca.<ref name="sismologia"/> == Seismology and geology == {{Main|Nazca Plate|geology of Chile}} The earthquake took place along the boundary between the [[Nazca Plate|Nazca]] and [[South American Plate|South American]] [[tectonic plates]], at a location where they [[convergent boundary|converge]] at a rate of eighty millimeters (3&nbsp;in) a year. This earthquake was characterized by a [[thrust fault|thrust-faulting]] [[focal mechanism]], caused by the [[subduction]] of the Nazca plate beneath the South American Tectonic Plates.<ref name="USGS"/> The end-regions of the [[earthquake rupture|rupture zone]] coincided with the Andean [[orocline]]s of Maipo (33° S) and Arauco (37° S). This has been interpreted as suggesting a link between upper plate (South American plate) [[structural geology|structure]] and rupture length.<ref name=Jara-MuHInoz2015>{{Citation | last1 = Jara-Muñoz | first1 = Julius | last2 = Melnick | first2 = Daniel | last3 = Dominik | first3 = Brill | last4 = Strecker | first4 = Manfred R. | title = Segmentation of the 2010 Maule earthquake rupture from a joint analysis of uplifted marine terraces and seismic cycle deformation | journal = [[Quaternary Science Reviews]] | volume = 113 | year = 2015 | pages = 171–192 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.005 }}</ref> Chile has been at a convergent plate boundary that generates [[megathrust earthquake]]s since the [[Paleozoic]] era (500 million years ago). In historical times the Chilean coast has suffered many megathrust earthquakes along this plate boundary, including the strongest earthquake ever measured, which is the [[1960 Valdivia earthquake]]. More recently, the boundary ruptured during the [[2007 Tocopilla earthquake]] in northern Chile. The segment of the fault zone which ruptured in this earthquake was estimated to be over {{Convert|700|km|abbr=on}} long with a displacement of almost 10 meters, or 120 years of accumulated plate movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/highlights/chileearthquakeFeb2010.html |title=Chile Earthquake &#124; Magnitude 8.8 |publisher=British Geological Survey |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref> It lay immediately north of the {{Convert|1000|km|abbr=on}} segment which ruptured in the great earthquake of 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fountain|first=Henry|title=Underwater Plate Cuts 400-Mile Gash|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/world/americas/28quake.html|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100303235619/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/world/americas/28quake.html| archive-date= 3 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Preliminary measurements show that the entire South American Plate moved abruptly westward during the quake.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilemoves.htm |title=Researchers show how far South American cities moved in quake, Research News, Ohio State University, March 8, 2010 |publisher=Researchnews.osu.edu |access-date=23 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412040819/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilemoves.htm |archive-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A research collaborative of Ohio State and other institutions have found, using [[GPS]], that the earthquake shifted Santiago 28&nbsp;cm (11&nbsp;in) to the west-southwest and moved Concepción at least {{convert|3|m|0}} to the west. The earthquake also shifted other parts of South America from the [[Falkland Islands]] to [[Fortaleza]], Brazil. For example, it moved Argentina's capital of Buenos Aires about 2.5&nbsp;cm (1&nbsp;in) to the west.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7403578/Chile-earthquake-moved-city-of-Concepcion-10ft-to-the-west.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Chile earthquake moved city of Concepcion 10ft to the west | date=9 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> Several cities south of Cobquecura were also raised, by up to 3 meters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18655|title=Satellite Images Show That Talcahuano "Grew" 1.5 Meters Higher As A Result of Earthquake |last=van der Horst|first=Loretta|date=21 April 2010|work=Santiago Times|access-date=1 May 2010}}</ref> The maximum recorded [[peak ground acceleration]] was at Concepcion, with a value of 0.65 ''g'' (6.38&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>).<ref>{{cite conference |title=Lessons from the 2010 Chilean earthquake and its impact on electricity supply |last1=Araneda |first1=J.C. |last2=Rudnick |first2=H. |last3=Mocarquer |first3=S. |last4=Miguel |first4=P. |date=October 2010 |location=Hangzhou, China |conference=2010 International Conference on Power System Technology (Powercon 2010) |isbn=978-1-4244-5940-7|doi=10.1109/POWERCON.2010.5666023 }}</ref> The locality of [[Tirúa]] south of Concepción recorded a 180&nbsp;cm uplift relative to sea level as result of the earthquake, this is the highest known uplift of the coast resulting from the earthquake.<ref name=Quezadaetal2020>{{Cite journal|title=Unexpected coseismic surface uplift at Tirúa-Mocha Island area of south Chile before and during the Mw 8.8 Maule 2010 earthquake: a possible upper plate splay fault|journal=[[Andean Geology]]|url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V47n2-3057/pdf|last1=Quezada|first1=Jorge|volume=47|last2=Jaque|first2=Edilia|publisher=[[National Geology and Mining Service]]|issue=2|doi=10.5027/andgeoV47n2-3057|year=2020|last3=Catalán|first3=Nicole|last4=Belmonte|first4=Arturo|last5=Fernández|first5=Alfonso|last6=Isla|first6=Federico|page=295|doi-access=free}}</ref> This uplift made a large islet emerge at the mouth of [[Lebu River]].<ref name=Quezadaetal2020/> [[File:2010 Maule earthquake intensity USGS.jpg|thumb|USGS shake map of the earthquake]] === Compared with past earthquakes === {{see also|Earthquakes in 2010}} This was the strongest earthquake affecting Chile since the magnitude 9.5 [[1960 Valdivia earthquake]] (the most energetic earthquake ever measured in the world), and it was the strongest earthquake worldwide since the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] and until the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Tōhoku earthquake]].<ref name="usgs-strongest">{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical_mag.php |title=Historic World Earthquakes |work=Earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |date=23 November 2009 |access-date=27 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130143309/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical_mag.php |archive-date=30 January 2016 }}</ref> It is tied with the [[1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake|1906 Ecuador–Colombia]] and [[1833 Sumatra earthquake|1833 Sumatra]] earthquakes as the [[Lists of earthquakes#Largest earthquakes by magnitude|sixth strongest earthquake]] ever measured, approximately 500 times more powerful than the 7.0 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]] earthquake in Haiti one month prior [[2010 Haiti earthquake|in January 2010]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile-Haiti Earthquake Comparison: Chile Was More Prepared |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/27/chile-haiti-earthquake-co_n_479705.html|work=TheHuffingtonPost.com|date=2 May 2011| access-date= 2 May 2011 }}</ref> === Aftershocks === An [[aftershock]] of 6.2 was recorded 20&nbsp;minutes after the initial quake.<ref name="bbc 1">{{Citation |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/8540289.stm |title=Massive earthquake strikes Chile |work=[[BBC News]] |date=28 February 2010 | access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref name="usgs-list">[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_big.php Latest Earthquakes M5.0+ in the World] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124010921/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_big.php |date=24 November 2010 }}, by [[USGS]].</ref> Two more aftershocks of magnitudes 5.4 and 5.6 followed within an hour of the initial quake.<ref name="usgs-list"/> The [[USGS]] said that "a large vigorous aftershock sequence can be expected from this earthquake".<ref name="USGS"/> By 6 March [[UTC]], more than 130 aftershocks had been registered, including thirteen above magnitude 6.0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/10/285_-35.php |title=10-degree Map Centered at 35°S,75°W |last=USGS |first=Earthquake Hazards Program |date=6 March 2010 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=6 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418091552/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/10/285_-35.php |archive-date=18 April 2010 }}</ref> Shortly after the mainshock seismologists installed a dense network of seismometers along the whole rupture area. This network captured 20,000 aftershocks in the 6 months after the mainshock and shows a detailed picture of the structure of the Chilean margin.<ref name="lange">{{cite journal|last1=Lange|first1=D.|last2=Tilmann|first2=F.|last3=Barrientos|first3=S. E.|last4=Contreras-Reyes|first4=E.|last5=Methe|first5=P.|last6=Moreno|first6=M.|last7=Heit|first7=B.|last8=Agurto|first8=H.|last9=Bernard|first9=P.|last10=Vilotte|first10=J.-P.|last11=Beck|first11=S.|title=Aftershock Seismicity of the 27 February 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Earthquake Rupture Zone|date=January 2012| volume = 317-183 | doi = 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.034| journal = Earth and Planetary Science Letters | pages = 413–425|bibcode = 2012E&PSL.317..413L }}</ref> Seismicity is focused in the depth range 25–35&nbsp;km and in a deeper band of between 45 and 50&nbsp;km depth. Around 10.000 aftershocks occurred in the region of two large aftershocks in the [[Pichilemu]] region. A 6.9-magnitude offshore earthquake struck approximately 300 kilometers southwest of, and less than 90 minutes after, the initial shock; however, it is not clear if that quake is related to the main shock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfa7.php|title=Magnitude 6.9 – Off the coast of Bio-Bio, Chile|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=27 February 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200303/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfa7.php |archive-date=2 March 2010}}</ref> A separate [[2010 Salta earthquake|earthquake]] of magnitude 6.3 occurred in [[Salta]], Argentina, at 15:45 [[UTC]] on 27 February, at a depth of {{Convert|38.2|km|abbr=on}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfc3.php|title=Magnitude 6.3–SALTA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=27 February 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200417/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfc3.php |archive-date=2 March 2010}}</ref> two people were injured and one died in Salta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-02/28/c_13191160.htm |title=Chile's earthquake death toll rises to 214 |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> This earthquake was followed on 1 March, at 06:32 [[UTC]] by a magnitude 4.9 aftershock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010thaz.php|title=Magnitude 4.9–SALTA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=1 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304051252/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010thaz.php |archive-date=4 March 2010}}</ref> Four other earthquakes above M5.0, some possible aftershocks, also occurred near the border in Argentina following the Chile earthquake; a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred in [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] on 28 February, a M5.3 earthquake in [[Neuquen]] and a M5.2 in [[San Juan (Argentina)|San Juan]] on 2 March, and a M5.1 quake in Mendoza on 4 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tgbr.php|title=Magnitude 5.0–MENDOZA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=28 February 2010 |publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303144716/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tgbr.php |archive-date=3 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php|title=Magnitude 5.3–NEQUEN, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=2 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307215603/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php |archive-date=7 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tick.php|title=Magnitude 5.2–SAN JUAN, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=2 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305222235/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tick.php |archive-date=5 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php|title=Magnitude 5.1–MENDOZA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=4 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307215603/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php |archive-date=7 March 2010}}</ref> Another strong earthquake occurred on 4 March, at 22:39&nbsp;UTC in [[Antofagasta]] in northern Chile, with a magnitude of 6.3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkcs.php|title=Magnitude 6.3 – ANTOFAGASTA, Chile|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=4 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308231340/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkcs.php |archive-date=8 March 2010}}</ref> Minor quakes generated by the main one could be felt as far away as [[São Paulo]], Brazil,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u699876.shtml|title=Estado de SP sente reflexo do terremoto de 8,8 graus registrado no Chile|date=27 February 2010|publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo|Folha Online]]|language=pt|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> located about {{Convert|3000|km|abbr=on}} away from [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. Since the major earthquake, and as of 15 March, at least four to forty >M5.0 earthquakes have been recorded daily in the vicinity of the main earthquake,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_all.php |title=Latest Earthquakes in the World – Past 7 days |access-date=5 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413034305/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_all.php/ |archive-date=13 April 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> including four above magnitude 6.0 between 3 March and 6 March.<ref name="usgs-list"/> On 5 March, two aftershocks above M6.0 were reported. The first was a 6.3-magnitude off the coast of the [[Biobío Region]]. The second was near the epicenter of the original quake at 08:47 local time with a magnitude of 6.6.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/05/chile.earthquake/index.html |title=Strong aftershocks rattle Chile |publisher=CNN.com |date= 28 February 2010|access-date=5 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100307111612/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/05/chile.earthquake/index.html| archive-date= 7 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> On 11 March, the [[March 2010 Chile earthquake]] (magnitude 6.9, treated by some as an aftershock of the February 2010 earthquake) was reported, followed quickly by further aftershocks measuring 6.7 and 6.0. The epicenter of the 6.9 quake was in [[Pichilemu]], [[O'Higgins Region]].<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/11/AR2010031104761.html | work=The Washington Post | first=Juan | last=Forero | title=Aftershocks a reality check for Chilean President Sebastián Piñera | date=12 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tsa6.php#details Magnitude 6.9 LIBERTADOR O HIGGINS, CHILE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213071803/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tsa6.php |date=13 February 2013 }}, U.S. Geological Survey, Thurs., 11 March 2010, 11:39:44 at epicenter. This 6.9 aftershock/new earthquake (depending on how one looks at it) had an epicenter at 34.259 S, 71.929 W.</ref> On 15 March, two aftershocks of the February 2010 earthquake were reported, one at magnitude 6.2 at 08:08:28 local time offshore [[Maule Region|Maule]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000h9eg/executive |title=M 6.2 - offshore Maule, Chile |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 March 2010 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> and another at magnitude 6.7 with the epicenter located offshore the Biobío Region, near [[Cobquecura]], at 23:21:58 local time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000h9fs/executive |title=M 6.7 - offshore Bio-Bio, Chile |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 March 2010 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> This tremor was followed by two minor aftershocks, one occurring 45 minutes later, measuring M5.5. No tsunami was reported and there were no tsunami warnings issued. On 17 March, at 14:38:37 local time, an earthquake of magnitude 5.2 was recorded in [[Aisén Region|Aisén]], in Southern Chile.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tybd.php |title=Magnitude 5.2 – AISEN, CHILE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322192059/http://www.earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tybd.php |archive-date=22 March 2010}}</ref> Another magnitude 5.2 earthquake was recorded in [[Los Lagos Region|Los Lagos]] the next day. On 26 March, at 10:52:06 local time, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake hit the [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] region, in Northern Chile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010uhay.php|title=Magnitude 6.2 – ATACAMA, CHILE|last=Earthquakes|first=USGS|date=26 March 2010|work=Earthquake Hazards Program|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100329042835/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010uhay.php| archive-date= 29 March 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref> The [[Biobio Region]] of Chile has had strong aftershocks of this earthquake. The first one was a magnitude 6.7 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]] earthquake that struck off the coast of [[Biobío Region|Biobío]], [[Chile]], at 23:21 on 15 March 2010 at the [[epicenter]], at a depth of {{convert|18|km|mi|0}}. The second earthquake struck on land in the region at 22:58 ([[UTC]]) on 2 April 2010 at 5.9 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]] and at a depth of 39&nbsp;km. The third struck on 10:03 ([[UTC]]) on 23 April 2010 at 6.2 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010txai/#details|title=Magnitude 6.7 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE|publisher=USGS|date=26 March 2010|access-date=27 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100322191747/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010txai/| archive-date= 22 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] said that historical data indicates that this quake will not generate a tsunami but still advised of the possibility.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62F0DC20100316 |title=Aftershock hits off coast of Chile, no damage |publisher=Reuters |date=15 March 2010 |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323051336/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62F0DC20100316 |archive-date=23 March 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 3 May, at 19:09 a 6.4 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]] earthquake magnitude struck off [[Biobío Region|Biobío]], [[Chile]], at the [[epicenter]], at a depth of {{convert|20|km|mi|0}}. The epicenter was {{convert|55|km|mi|0}} south of [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vvcg.php|title=Magnitude 6.4 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE|publisher=USGS|date=3 May 2010|access-date=3 May 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100506003524/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vvcg.php| archive-date= 6 May 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref> On 14 July 2010, another 6.5 magnitude earthquake occurred in the area. === 2011 aftershocks === On 2 January at 17:20:18 local time, a 7.1 magnitude aftershock occurred 70 kilometers northwest of [[Temuco]], Chile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0000y49.php#details |title=Magnitude 7.1 – ARAUCANIA, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316004046/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0000y49.php |archive-date=16 March 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> On [[Lautaro, Chile|Lautaro]], [[Cañete, Chile|Cañete]], [[Nueva Imperial]], [[Traiguén]] and [[Carahue]] the quake was felt at intensity VI (strong) of the [[Mercalli intensity scale]]. In Temuco it was perceived at intensity V (moderate). In [[Talcahuano]], [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], [[Chillán]], [[Osorno, Chile|Osorno]] and [[Valdivia]] it shook at intensity IV (light).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0000y49/index.html |title=PAGER – M 7.1 – ARAUCANIA, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=11 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105111849/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0000y49/index.html |archive-date=5 January 2011 }}</ref> According to the [[USGS]] the earthquake's epicenter was located on the ground, east of the coastal town of [[Tirúa]] in the [[Araucanía Region]]. However, according to the [[University of Chile]]'s Seismological Service, the seismic event was located 134 kilometers off the coast of Tirúa, measuring a magnitude 6.9 [[Richter magnitude scale|M<sub>L</sub>]]. The University of Chile also reported that the localities who received the strongest shaking (VI) were [[Curanilahue]], [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]] and [[Tirúa]]. In Concepción, Talcahuano and Temuco it was felt at intensity V, and in Chillán and Valdivia at intensity IV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2011/01/20110102201957.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909141239/http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2011/01/20110102201957.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 September 2012 |title=Informe de Sismo |publisher=Sismologia.cl |access-date=11 March 2011 }}</ref> A magnitude 6.2 M<sub>w</sub> aftershock struck the coast of [[Biobío Region|Biobío]], [[Chile]] at a shallow [[Hypocenter|depth]] of 15.1&nbsp;km (9.4&nbsp;mi) on 1 June 2011 at 08:55&nbsp;local time (12:55 &nbsp;[[UTC]]).<ref name=usgs_details>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdc.php |title=Magnitude 6.2 – Offshore Bio-Bio, Chile |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=1 June 2011 |publisher=[[USGS]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607141132/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdc.php |archive-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was centered just offshore [[Arauco Province]] near a moderately populated area, with most structures in its vicinity reported to be resistant to earthquake shaking. Strong shaking registering at VI on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] was felt in [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]], just 7&nbsp;km (4&nbsp;) south of the epicenter, lasting for approximately one minute.<ref name=pager1>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0003wdc/index.html|title=PAGER – Magnitude 6.2 – Offshore Bio-Bio, Chile|date=1 June 2011|access-date=1 June 2011|publisher=[[USGS]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110603230007/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0003wdc/index.html| archive-date= 3 June 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=duration>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/sismo-6-4-richter-afecto-a-4-regiones-de-chile-desde-el-maule-a-los-rios/noticias/2011-06-01/091836.html|title=Sismo 6,4 Richter afectó a 4 regiones de Chile: Desde el Maule a Los Ríos|date=1 June 2011|access-date=1 June 2011|work=[[La Nación]]|language=es}}</ref> Some residents in coastal areas panicked and evacuated their homes.<ref name=AFP>{{cite web|url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/strong-6-4-magnitude-quake-shakes-chile-134339465.html |title=Strong 6.4 magnitude quake shakes Chile |first=Frederick |last=Florin |agency=AFP|work=Yahoo! News |access-date=13 March 2020 |date=1 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604184025/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/strong-6-4-magnitude-quake-shakes-chile-134339465.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 }}</ref> The earthquake was followed by a moderate magnitude 5.1 M<sub>w</sub> tremor that occurred about 52 minutes later to the northeast of the main shock epicenter at an estimated depth of 26.9&nbsp;km (16.7&nbsp;mi).<ref name=aftershock>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdz.php|title=Magnitude 5.1 – Bio-Bio, Chile|date=1 June 2011|access-date=1 June 2011|publisher=[[USGS]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110607140853/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdz.php| archive-date= 7 June 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> Initial estimates from the [[USGS]] placed its intensity at a magnitude of 6.4 M<sub>w</sub>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_c0003wdc_h.html |title=Magnitude 6.4 offshore Bio-Bio, Chile |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=1 June 2011 |publisher=[[USGS]] |author=NEIC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611113101/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_c0003wdc_h.html |archive-date=11 June 2011 |df=dmy |author-link=National Earthquake Information Center }}</ref> === Geophysical impact === [[Seismologists]] estimate that the earthquake was so powerful that it may have shortened the length of the day by 1.26 [[microseconds]] and moved the Earth's figure axis by 2.7 milliarcseconds (about 8&nbsp;cm).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/earth-20100301.html |title=NASA – Chilean Quake May Have Shortened Earth Days |publisher=Nasa.gov |date=1 March 2010 |access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/features/earth-days-could-be-shorter-after-chilean-earthquake/story-e6frflor-1225836120460 |title=Earth days could be shorter after Chilean earthquake |publisher=News.com.au |date=22 July 2009 |access-date=2 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100303223321/http://www.news.com.au/features/earth-days-could-be-shorter-after-chilean-earthquake/story-e6frflor-1225836120460| archive-date= 3 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Precise [[GPS]] measurement indicated the telluric movement moved the entire city of Concepción {{convert|3.04|m|ft}} to the west. The capital [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] experienced a displacement of almost {{convert|24|cm|in}} west, and even [[Buenos Aires]], about {{convert|1350|km|mi}} from Concepción,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html?n=51 |title=Cities located close to Buenos Aires|publisher=timeanddate.com |access-date=13 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100131165504/http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html?n=51| archive-date= 31 January 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> shifted {{convert|4|cm|in}}.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=27 August 2019|title=Chile quake moved city 3 metres west|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-09/chile-quake-moved-city-3-metres-west/355870|date=9 March 2010|website=[[ABC Online|ABC News]]}}</ref><ref>[http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilequakemap.htm Researchers Show How Far South American Cities Moved In Quake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720024602/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilequakemap.htm |date=20 July 2011 }}. Retrieved 9 March 2010.</ref> It is estimated that Chile's territory could have expanded {{convert|1.2|km2}} as a result.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18830:chile-ugrows-12-square-kilometers-as-a-result-of-february-27-earthquake&catid=1:other&Itemid=38|title=Chile ¨Grows" 1.2 Square Kilometers As A Result Of 27 February Earthquake|publisher=[[The Santiago Times]]|date=12 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019194846/http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18830:chile-ugrows-12-square-kilometers-as-a-result-of-february-27-earthquake&catid=1:other&Itemid=38|archive-date=19 October 2010}}</ref> The earthquake also caused [[seiche]]s to occur in [[Lake Pontchartrain]] to the north of [[New Orleans]], United States, located nearly {{convert|7500|km|mi}} from the epicenter of the quake.<ref name="WeatherChannel">{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/0227-quake-perspective_2010-02-27 |title=How strong & rare was quake? |last=Erdman |first=Jonathan |date=27 February 2010 |publisher=The Weather Channel |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405003158/http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/0227-quake-perspective_2010-02-27 |archive-date=5 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In [[Antarctica]] a series of [[icequake]]s were triggered by the 2010 earthquake in Chile.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Antarctic icequakes triggered by the 2010 Mauleearthquake in Chile|journal=[[Nature Geoscience]]|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Douglas-Wiens-2/publication/269403331_Antarctic_icequakes_triggered_by_the_2010_Maule_earthquake_in_Chile/links/548a0e090cf2d1800d7aa7a2/Antarctic-icequakes-triggered-by-the-2010-Maule-earthquake-in-Chile.pdf|last=Peng|first=Zhigang|date=2014-08-10|last2=Walter|first2=Jacob I.|doi=10.1038/NGEO221|last3=Aster|first3=Richard C.|last4=Nyblade|first4=Andrew|last5=Wiens|first5=Douglas A.|last6=Anandakrishnan|first6=Sridhar}}</ref> == Damage and casualties == People were found dead after the earthquake struck, mostly under buildings and inside cars. Many people were also seriously injured. Most injuries were reported in Santiago and Maule. According to an [[Associated Press Television News]] cameraman, some buildings collapsed in [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] and there were power outages in parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=8.8-magnitude earthquake hits central Chile |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2010/02/27/88-magnitude-earthquake-hits-central-chile-ph/ |work=Portland Press Herald |agency=Associated Press |location=Portland, Maine |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> A fire was reported in a chemical plant on the outskirts of Santiago and caused the evacuation of the neighborhood.<ref name="bbc 1" /> Santiago's [[Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|International Airport]] seemed to have been damaged and the airport authority closed off all flight operations for 24&nbsp;hours from around 12:00 UTC.<ref name="reuters 1" /> On Sunday, 28 February, Ricardo Ortega, head of the [[Chilean Air Force]], said commercial airline services had been partially re-established and aircraft were being allowed to land in Santiago.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/01/chile-military-earthquake-cities-looting | location=London | work=The Guardian | first1=Jonathan | last1=Franklin | first2=Adam | last2=Gabbatt | title=Chilean military takes control of quake-hit cities | date=1 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> Santiago's national Fine Arts Museum was badly damaged and did not reopen until 9 March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dibam.cl/bellas_artes/contenido.asp?id_contenido=798&id_submenu=1241&id_menu=18|language=es|title=Información al visitante|access-date=10 March 2010|quote=Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes agradece las expresiones de apoyo y comprensión luego del terremoto que afectó su funcionamiento durante la semana pasada. Nos complace informar que reabriremos nuestras puertas el martes 9 de marzo en horario habitual.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209232331/http://www.dibam.cl/bellas_artes/contenido.asp?id_contenido=798&id_submenu=1241&id_menu=18|archive-date=9 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> An apartment building's two-story parking lot collapsed, wrecking 68 cars. According to one health official, three hospitals in Santiago collapsed, and a dozen more south of the capital also suffered significant damage.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35615455/ns/world_news-chile_earthquake/ |title=Massive quake hits Chile, triggers tsunami |date=27 February 2010 |work=[[MSNBC]] |access-date=27 February 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301120606/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35615455/ns/world_news-chile_earthquake/| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref> <gallery> File:Casa Pelluhue tras terremoto 2010.jpg|House uprooted to the streets of Pelluhue after the tsunami. File:Chile Earthquake 2010 - Maipú 1.JPG|A severely damaged building in [[Maipú, Chile|Maipú]], Santiago. File:Canal ifarle tsunami.jpg|Tsunami in Talcahuano, [[Biobío Region]]. File:Vespucio Norte Highway after 2010 earthquake.jpg|Collapsed Vespucio Norte Express Highway in Santiago. File:2010 Chile earthquake - Carretera de la fruta.jpg|Fruit Road, [[O'Higgins Region]]. </gallery> In Valparaíso, a tsunami wave of 1.29 m was reported. The port of Valparaíso was ordered to be closed due to the damage caused by the earthquake. The port started to resume limited operations on 28 February.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN01241664._CH_.2420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130143309/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN01241664._CH_.2420 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 January 2016 |title=Chile ports resume operations after quake—union |work=Reuters |date=1 March 2010 | first=Alonso | last=Soto| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> In [[Viña del Mar]], a touristic city and part of [[Greater Valparaíso]], several buildings were structurally damaged, principally in the district Plan de Viña.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://diarioelobservador.cl/1951-Esperan_entrega_de_estudios_estructurales_de_departamentos_da_ntilde_ados_en_Vi_ntilde_a.html |title=Esperan entrega de estudios estructurales de departamentos dañados en Viña |newspaper=El Observador |date=4 March 2010 |access-date=11 April 2011 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010000/http://diarioelobservador.cl/1951-Esperan_entrega_de_estudios_estructurales_de_departamentos_da_ntilde_ados_en_Vi_ntilde_a.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 }}.</ref> Many cities in Maule region were seriously affected by the earthquake which triggered more than 1000 landslides, a significant contributor to earthquake fatalities. Mapped from satellite images, most landslides occurring in the Principal Andean [[Cordillera]] and a constrained area on the [[Arauco Peninsula]]. Curanipe, only 8&nbsp;km (5&nbsp;mi) from the epicenter, was hit by a [[tsunami]] after the earthquake and still remained isolated from outside as of 28 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasegunda.com/ediciononline/cronica/detalle/index.asp?idnoticia=541275 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100405092013/http://www.lasegunda.com/ediciononline/cronica/detalle/index.asp?idnoticia=541275 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 April 2010 |title=index |publisher=Lasegunda.com |date=29 September 2006 |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> A surfer said the tsunami "...was [[Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Thailand|like the one in Thailand]], a sudden rise of water. One could not estimate the dimension of the wave, because it was advancing foam. There were 10 to 15 rises, the last one being at 08:30 in the morning."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/surfista-que-sobrevivio-en-curanipe--el-maremoto-se-parecio-al-que-hubo-en-tailandia/prontus_nots/2010-02-28/205555.html |title=Surfista que sobrevivió en Curanipe: El maremoto se pareció al que hubo en Tailandia |publisher=Cooperativa.cl |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> In [[Talca]], the capital of Maule region, many dead were trapped in the rubble. The administrative building was uninhabitable, and the authorities had to be set up in the parade ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/ansalatina/notizie/notiziari/chile/20100227145035036363.html |title=Ansalatina – CHILE: MAS DE 30 MUERTOS EN TALCA |publisher=ansa.it |access-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302150010/http://www.ansa.it/ansalatina/notizie/notiziari/chile/20100227145035036363.html |archive-date=2 March 2010 }}</ref> All but two of the local hospital's thirteen wings were in ruins. Dr. Claudio Martínez was quoted as saying, "We're only keeping the people in danger of dying." Hospital staff attempted to transport some patients to Santiago on Sunday morning, but roads were blocked.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/americas/01chile.html?pagewanted=2 | work=The New York Times | first=Marc | last=Lacey | title=Frantic Rescue Efforts in Chile as Troops Seek to Keep Order | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> Damaged buildings and fires were reported in Concepción.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniverso.com/2010/02/27/1/1361/terremoto-85-grados-deja-muertos-chile.html?p=1354&m=1835 |title=Terremoto de 8,8 grados deja unos 214 muertos en Chile |publisher=El Universo |date=27 February 2001 |access-date=28 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301083005/http://www.eluniverso.com/2010/02/27/1/1361/terremoto-85-grados-deja-muertos-chile.html?p=1354&m=1835| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Rescue teams had difficulty accessing Concepción because of the damaged infrastructure.<ref name="bbc 1" /> The fifteen-story residential building "Alto Río" fell backwards, horizontally lay on the ground, and trapped many of the residents. As the building was newly completed, 19 of the apartments were occupied and 36 were unknown if there were residents therein.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.larepublica.pe/internacionales/01/03/2010/destruccion-de-flamantes-condominios-en-chile-despierta-suspicacias |title=DestrucciĂłn de flamantes condominios en Chile despierta suspicacias |publisher=LaRepublica.pe |date=23 January 2009 |access-date=2 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404020936/http://www.larepublica.pe/internacionales/01/03/2010/destruccion-de-flamantes-condominios-en-chile-despierta-suspicacias |archive-date=4 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elinmobiliario.cl/proyecto/ficha.aspx?qs=18148&validacion=1 |title=Ficha Condominio Alto Río – Departamentos en Concepción |publisher=elinmobiliario.cl |access-date=2 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=123.cl – ENTEL. |url=http://noticias.123.cl/entel123/html/Tele13/Noticias/Regiones/Concepcion/397990.html |title=El sitio de Noticias del 123.cl|language=es|trans-title=The news of the 123.cl site|publisher=NOTICIAS.123.CL |access-date=2 March 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100305073531/http://noticias.123.cl/entel123/html/Tele13/Noticias/Regiones/Concepcion/397990.html|archive-date=5 March 2010}}</ref> A 2.34&nbsp;m (7.68&nbsp;ft) tsunami wave hit [[Talcahuano]], a port city and part of the [[Greater Concepción|Concepción conurbation]]. The tsunami caused serious damage to port facilities and lifted boats out of the water.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N27115230.htm |work=Reuters AlertNet |title=Chile port town badly damaged by tsunami |date=27 February 2010 | access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> In the fishing town of [[Dichato]], which has 7,000 residents, it was the third tsunami wave that ended up being the most damaging.<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2010/0302/1224265432904.html 'The last wave almost wiped the village off the map'], The Irish Times – Tuesday, 2 March 2010.</ref> Dilapidated buildings could be seen on the streets of [[Temuco]], about 400&nbsp;km (250&nbsp;mi) from the epicenter. The adobe of some buildings fell. Façades fell in pieces and crushed cars. Two people were reported dead because of not having been able to escape from a nightclub. On 27 February, it was reported that "to find an open business is almost impossible" ("Encontrar un negocio abierto es casi imposible").<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.cronicalibre.cl/index.php/nacionales/2448-sin-agua-ni-luz-se-mantiene-temuco-bajo-constantes-movimientos-teluricos |title=Sin agua ni luz se mantiene Temuco bajo constantes movimientos telúricos |work=CronicaLibre.cl |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=11 April 2011 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005940/http://www.cronicalibre.cl/index.php/nacionales/2448-sin-agua-ni-luz-se-mantiene-temuco-bajo-constantes-movimientos-teluricos |archive-date=7 July 2011 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Carmen De Carlos |url=http://www.abc.es/20100228/internacional-iberoamerica/temuco-sombra-luna-201002281135.html |title=Temuco, a la sombra de la luna – Internacional_Iberoamerica – Internacional |publisher=ABC.es |date= 27 February 2010|access-date=2 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100407104408/http://www.abc.es/20100228/internacional-iberoamerica/temuco-sombra-luna-201002281135.html| archive-date= 7 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The earthquake also triggered more than 1000 landslides mapped from satellite images <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Serey|first=A.|date=January 2017|title=Landslide inventory of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, Central Chile|url=http://www.wcee.nicee.org/wcee/article/16WCEE/WCEE2017-1873.pdf|journal=16th World Conference on Earthquake, 16WCEE 2017}}</ref> with most landslides occurring in the Principal Andean Cordillera and a constrained area on the Arauco Peninsula<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Serey|first1=Alejandra|last2=Piñero-Feliciangeli|first2=Laura|last3=Sepúlveda|first3=Sergio A.|last4=Poblete|first4=Fernando|last5=Petley|first5=David N.|last6=Murphy|first6=William|date=2019-06-01|title=Landslides induced by the 2010 Chile megathrust earthquake: a comprehensive inventory and correlations with geological and seismic factors|journal=Landslides|language=en|volume=16|issue=6|pages=1153–1165|doi=10.1007/s10346-019-01150-6|s2cid=134371320|issn=1612-5118|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/142500/3/Serey%20et%20al%202019.pdf}}</ref> Landslides are a significant contributor to earthquake fatalities. In Chile, 370,000 homes were damaged.<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/rescue-efforts-ramp-up-in-chile-mines-affected-2010-02-28?reflink=MW_news_stmp Rescue efforts continue in Chile, mining industry impacted], Market Watch, 28 Feb 2010, 12:52 p.m. EST.</ref> The final death toll of 525 victims and 25 people missing was announced by authorities in January 2011.<ref name="muertos" /> This is down from early reports on 3 March of 802 people dead.<ref name="mostrador">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2010/03/03/ya-suman-802-los-fallecidos-por-el-terremoto-y-tsunami/ |title=Ya suman 802 los fallecidos por el terremoto y tsunami |publisher=Elmostrador.cl |date= 4 March 2010|access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> The Chilean National Emergency Office (''[[ONEMI|Oficina Nacional de Emergencia]]'') estimated that the intensity of the earthquake was 9 on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] in the [[Biobío Region]] and 8 in Santiago.<ref name="bbc 1"/><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.mdzol.com/mdz/nota/193225-Bachellet-confirm%C3%B3-que-hay-cinco-muertos-por-el-sismo-en-Chile/ |title=Bachellet confirmó que hay cinco muertos por el sismo en Chile |work=mdz online |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620053559/http://www.mdzol.com/mdz/nota/193225-Bachellet-confirm%C3%B3-que-hay-cinco-muertos-por-el-sismo-en-Chile/ |archive-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}. {{in lang|es}}</ref> USGS put the intensity in [[Talcahuano]] at [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|MM]] VIII, in Santiago and Concepción at MM VII and in Valparaíso at MM VI.<ref name = pager/> On 10 March, Swiss Reinsurance Co. estimated that the Chilean quake would cost the insurance industry between 4 and 7 billion dollars. The same estimate was echoed by the rival German-based Munich Re AG.<ref name="AP"/> <gallery align="center"> File:Terremoto Chile 2010-Incendio fabrica plastico.jpg|Fire at a plastics plant, [[Santiago, Chile]]. File:2010 Chile earthquake - Hospital of Temuco.jpg|''Hernán Henríquez Hospital'' of Temuco had to be evacuated after the earthquake. File:2010 Chile earthquake - Car destroyed in Temuco.jpg|A car crushed by the rubble of a collapsed building in [[Temuco]]. </gallery> === Modified Mercalli intensities for some localities === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Locality !! Country !! USGS<ref name=cities>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html#cities |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130630121236/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html |archive-date=30 June 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> !! SS<ref name="sismologia"/> !! Population<ref name =cities /> |- | [[Angol]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 45k |- | [[Antofagasta]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || II || |- | [[Arauco, Chile|Arauco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 25k |- | [[Buín]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 55k |- | [[Bulnes, Chile|Bulnes]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 13k |- | [[Cabrero, Chile|Cabrero]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 18k |- | [[Calama, Chile|Calama]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || II || |- | [[Cañete, Chile|Cañete]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 20k |- | [[Carahue]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 12k |- | [[Cauquenes]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 31k |- | [[Chiguayante]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 83k |- | [[Chillán]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 150k |- | [[Chimbarongo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 17k |- | [[Coihueco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 7k |- | [[Collipulli]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 16k |- | [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || IX || 215k |- | [[Constitución, Chile|Constitución]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 38k |- | [[Copiapó]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III || |- | [[Coquimbo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || V || |- | [[Coronel, Chile|Coronel]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 93k |- | [[Corral]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || V || || 4k |- | [[Curanilahue]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 31k |- | [[Curicó]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 102k |- | [[Cutral-Co]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 47k |- | [[El Monte, Chile|El Monte]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 23k |- | [[Freire, Chile|Freire]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 8k |- | [[General Roca]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || IV || || 73k |- | [[Graneros]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 23k |- | [[La Calera (Chile)|La Calera]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 49k |- | [[Huayco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III || |- | [[Illapel]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 23k |- | [[Laja, Chile|Laja]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 17k |- | [[La Ligua]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 25k |- | [[La Unión, Chile|La Unión]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 26k |- | [[Lampa, Chile|Lampa]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 29k |- | Las Ánimas || || VI || || 30k |- | Las Gaviotas || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 2k |- | [[Lautaro, Chile|Lautaro]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[Limache]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 36k |- | [[Linares, Chile|Linares]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 70k |- | [[Llaillay]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 17k |- | [[Loncoche]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 16k |- | [[Longaví]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 6k |- | [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 57k |- | [[Los Ángeles, Bío Bío|Los Ángeles]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 125k |- | [[Lota, Chile|Lota]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 50k |- | [[Machali]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 28k |- | [[Melipilla]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 63k |- | [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 877k |- | [[Molina, Chile|Molina]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 29k |- | [[Mulchén]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[Nacimiento, Chile|Nacimiento]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 21k |- | [[Neuquén]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || IV || || 242k |- | [[Nueva Imperial]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 19k |- | [[Osorno, Chile|Osorno]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 136k |- | [[Paine, Chile|Paine]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 33k |- | [[Panguipulli]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 16k |- | [[Parral, Chile|Parral]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 27k |- | [[Peñaflor, Chile|Peñaflor]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 66k |- | [[Penco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 46k |- | [[Pitrufquen]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 14k |- | [[Puerto Montt]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || V || |- | [[Quillota]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 68k |- | [[Quilpué]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 130k |- | [[Rancagua]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 213k |- | [[Rengo, Chile|Rengo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 38k |- | [[Río Bueno, Chile|Río Bueno]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || V || || 15k |- | [[Salamanca, Chile|Salamanca]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 13k |- | [[San Antonio, Chile|San Antonio]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 86k |- | [[San Bernardo, Chile|San Bernardo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 250k |- | [[San Carlos, Chile|San Carlos]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 32k |- | [[San Clemente]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 14k |- | [[San Felipe, Chile|San Felipe]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 59k |- | [[San Javier, Chile|San Javier]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 447k |- | [[San Luis, Argentina|San Luis]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 184k |- | [[San Martín de los Andes|San Martín]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 83k |- | [[San Rafael, Mendoza|San Rafael]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 109k |- | [[San Vicente, Chile|San Vicente]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 23k |- | [[Santa Cruz, Chile|Santa Cruz]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 33k |- | [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 4,837k |- | [[Talagante]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 52k |- | [[Talca]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 197k |- | [[Talcahuano]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 253k |- | [[Temuco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 238k |- | [[Teno]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 7k |- | [[Tierra Amarilla, Chile|Tierra Amarilla]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III || |- | [[Tomé]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 47k |- | [[Traiguén]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 14k |- | [[Valdivia]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || VI || 133k |- | [[Valparaíso]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VI || 282k |- | [[Victoria, Chile|Victoria]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 25k |- | [[Vicuña, Chile|Vicuña]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III-IV || |- | [[Vilcún]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 9k |- | [[Villa Alemana]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 97k |- | [[Villarrica, Chile|Villarrica]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 32k |- | [[Viña del Mar]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VI || 295k |- | [[Yumbel]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 11k |} <small>Notes: USGS=United States Geological Survey, SS=Chile's Seismological Service.</small> === Identified fatalities === The records of deaths were reported by a number of different agencies at different figures immediately after the earthquake. The official total is 525 dead, 25 missing<ref name="muertos"/> not all of which are identified in the table below. <div style="text-align: center;"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Deaths caused by the earthquake and tsunami by region<ref group="note">The numbers were given by Chilean National Emergency Office (ONEMI) until 3. March. Up 14. March the [[Ministry of the Interior (Chile)|Ministry of the Interior]].</ref> |- style="background:#eaeaea;" ! Region ! 27. February<ref name="onemi27-2">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3807&Itemid=1919 |title=Sismo mayor intensidad (Actualización) |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306021009/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3807&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=6 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 28. February<ref name="onemi28">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3809&Itemid=1919 |title=Situación regional. (Actualiza información) |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304053702/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3809&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=4 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 1. March<ref name="onemi01">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3810&Itemid=1919 |title=Situación terremoto zona centro sur (Actualiza reporte) |date=1 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306021020/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3810&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=6 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 2. March<ref name="onemi02">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3815&Itemid=1919 |title=Gestión ONEMI en terreno |date=2 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306021334/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3815&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=6 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 3. March<ref name="onemi03">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3816&Itemid=1969 |title=Cursos de acción en atención a zonas afectadas |date=3 March 2010 |access-date=3 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307222908/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3816&Itemid=1969 |archive-date=7 March 2010 }}</ref> ! style="border-left: 2px #aaa solid;" | 4. March<ref name="lista1">[http://olivia.canal13.cl/medios/data/Tele13/primer_listado_de_fallecidos_1.pdf Primer listado de víctimas identificadas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005850/http://olivia.canal13.cl/medios/data/Tele13/primer_listado_de_fallecidos_1.pdf |date=7 July 2011 }}, Subsecretaría del Interior, 4 de marzo de 2010, retrieved 04/March/2010</ref> ! 5. March<ref name="tercera05">[http://www.tercera.com/contenido/680_231534_9.shtml Víctimas fatales identificadas se elevan a las 452 personas] on 5 de marzo de 2010, retrieved 06/March/2010</ref> ! 8. March<ref name="lista2">[http://www.interior.gov.cl/filesapp/lista_oficial_fallecidos.pdf Lista oficial de fallecidos, fecha=8 de marzo de 2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330232950/http://www.interior.gov.cl/filesapp/lista_oficial_fallecidos.pdf |date=30 March 2010 }}, Subsecretaría del Interior, retrieved 08/March/2010</ref> |- |<span style="display:none">050</span>[[Valparaíso Region|Valparaíso]] | style="text-align:right;"| 4 | style="text-align:right;"| 16 | style="text-align:right;"| 16 | style="text-align:right;"| 18 | style="text-align:right;"| 20 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 16 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 24 |- |<span style="display:none">055</span>[[Región Metropolitana de Santiago|Metropolitana]] | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 36 | style="text-align:right;"| 38 | style="text-align:right;"| 38 | style="text-align:right;"| 38 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 21 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 23 |- |<span style="display:none">060</span>[[O'Higgins Region|O'Higgins]] | style="text-align:right;"| 12 | style="text-align:right;"| 46 | style="text-align:right;"| 48 | style="text-align:right;"| 48 | style="text-align:right;"| 48 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 3 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 46 |- |<span style="display:none">070</span>[[Maule Region|Maule]] | style="text-align:right;"| 34 | style="text-align:right;"| 541 | style="text-align:right;"| 544 | style="text-align:right;"| 587 | style="text-align:right;"| 587 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 177 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 269 |- |<span style="display:none">080</span>[[Biobio Region|Biobio]] | style="text-align:right;"| 10 | style="text-align:right;"| 64 | style="text-align:right;"| 64 | style="text-align:right;"| 92 | style="text-align:right;"| 92 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 56 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 120 |- |<span style="display:none">090</span>[[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]] | style="text-align:right;"| 5 | style="text-align:right;"| 5 | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 14 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 6 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 15 |- class="sortbottom" style="background:#eaeaea;" | '''National total''' | style="text-align:right;"| 78 | style="text-align:right;"| 708 | style="text-align:right;"| 723 | style="text-align:right;"| 796 | style="text-align:right;"| 799 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 279 | style="text-align:right;"| 452 | style="text-align:right;"| 497 |}</div>[[File:Víctimas del terremoto de Chile de 2010.svg|center|500px|Geographic distribution of the death toll (red: caused by the earthquake; blue: caused by the tsunami).]] === Population with destroyed or severely damaged homes === The table below shows the percentage of the regional population whose homes were destroyed or were severely damaged by the earthquake and tsunami in the six most affected regions. The data were collected between May and June 2010. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Region<br/>(north to south) !! Percentage of<br/>regional population |- | [[Valparaíso Region|Valparaíso]] || style="text-align:center;"| 7.4 |- | [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago]] || style="text-align:center;"| 4.8 |- | [[O'Higgins Region|O'Higgins]] || style="text-align:center;"| 12.2 |- | [[Maule Region|Maule]] || style="text-align:center;"| 20.7 |- | [[Biobío Region|Biobío]] || style="text-align:center;"| 17.8 |- | [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]] || style="text-align:center;"| 5.1 |- ! Total (six regions) || 8.8 |} <small>'''Source:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807122915/http://www.mideplan.gob.cl/encuesta-post-terremoto/documentos/informe-encuesta-post-terremoto.pdf Casen Post-Earthquake Survey], Ministry of Planning.</small> == Humanitarian response == {{Main|Humanitarian response to the 2010 Chile earthquake|Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake}} Despite President [[Michelle Bachelet]]'s earlier statement that Chile would only ask for international aid once it had assessed the extent of the damage,<ref name="Impulsobaires"/> leaders of many countries and intergovernmental organizations, including the United Nations and [[European Union]], responded to the earthquake and sent messages of condolence to the government and people of Chile over the loss of lives and property. [[Argentina]], [[Mexico]], the United States, United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, Singapore, [[Haiti]], and [[Pakistan]] were among the countries that responded earliest following the quake.<ref name="xinhuanet1">{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-02/28/c_13191071.htm|title=Int'l community offers sympathy, aid to quake-stricken Chile |date=28 February 2010|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=97466&Itemid=2 Associated Press of Pakistan: ''President Saddened by Chile Earthquake; Conveys Solidarity to Govt, People of Chile''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130012932/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=97466&Itemid=2 |date=30 November 2011 }}. Retrieved 27 February 2010.</ref> Appeals for [[humanitarian aid]] were issued by the UK-based [[Oxfam]], [[Save the Children]] and others. Chilean television host [[Don Francisco (television host)|Don Francisco]] led a [[telethon]] called ''[[Chile helps Chile]]'' with the goal of raising 15 billion [[Chilean peso|pesos]] (about US$29 million) needed to build 30,000 emergency houses ("[[mediagua]]s"). The charity event, which ran for 24 hours in Santiago starting on Friday 5 March at 22:00, was summoned by the government and organized by several Chilean NGOs. At 23:00 on Saturday the goal was doubled, collecting 30.2 billion pesos (about US$58 million).<ref name="details">{{cite web|url=http://www.latercera.com/contenido/661_230917_9.shtml |date=4 March 2010 |publisher=[[La Tercera]] |title=Así será el programa de televisión Chile Ayuda a Chile. |access-date=4 March 2010 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713185307/http://www.latercera.com/contenido/661_230917_9.shtml |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref> The Chilean NGO [[Un Techo para Chile]] constructed 23,886 transitional houses for families affected by the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.untechoparachile.cl/?page_id%3D1229 |title=Página de inicio |access-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501063948/http://www.untechoparachile.cl/?page_id=1229 |archive-date=1 May 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> == Conditions in the aftermath == === Chaos and disorder === Nearly half the places in the country were declared "catastrophe zones", and curfews were imposed in some areas of looting and public disorder.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/centenares-de-personas-saquearon-supermercado-en-concepcion/prontus_nots/2010-02-28/093816.html|title=Centenares de personas saquearon supermercado en Concepción|date=28 February 2010|publisher=cooperativa.cl|access-date=28 February 2010}}</ref> On 28 February 2010, a day after the earthquake, some affected cities were chaotic, with extensive looting of [[supermarkets]] in [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. Items stolen included not only food and other necessities, but also electronic goods and other durable merchandise. To control vandalism, a special force of [[Carabineros de Chile|''carabineros'']] (police) was sent to disperse rioters with [[tear gas]] and water cannons.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100228/83563/Turba-saquea-varios-supermercados-en-Chile-tras-caos-generado-por-el-sismo-de-88-grados-de-magnitud |title=Turba saquea varios supermercados en Chile tras caos generado por el sismo de 8.8 grados de magnitud |date=28 February 2010 |publisher=Peru.com |access-date=28 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303122838/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100228/83563/Turba-saquea-varios-supermercados-en-Chile-tras-caos-generado-por-el-sismo-de-88-grados-de-magnitud |archive-date=3 March 2010 }}</ref> However, measures were taken late. The outgoing president didn't want to remind people of the Dictatorship years by militarizing the streets, thus failed to provide assistance on time to the city.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} When the situation became unsustainable and all sectors of the population were demanding actions, the government authorized the use of the military to control the affected cities. Despite these and other government acts (including the [[curfew]]s), pillaging continued in both urban and rural areas of the affected zones.<ref name="Ya son 723">{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83678/Ya-son-723-los-muertos-por-el-fuerte-terremoto-de-88-grados-que-destruyo-gran-parte-de-Chile |title=Ya son 723 los muertos por el fuerte terremoto de 8.8 grados que destruyó gran parte de Chile |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Peru.com |access-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808211411/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83678/Ya-son-723-los-muertos-por-el-fuerte-terremoto-de-88-grados-que-destruyo-gran-parte-de-Chile |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> Reportedly, military police arrested 160 in Concepción on 1 and 2 March.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8542789.stm | work=BBC News | title=Chile troops tackle quake looters | date=1 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Tsunami damage in Pichilemu, Chile (27 Feb. 2010).jpg|thumb|left|Kiosks destroyed by the tsunami in [[Pichilemu]].]] In Concepción, despite the militarization of the zone, mobs continued to steal from supermarkets and went as far as to set one store ablaze.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83810/Saqueos-y-violencia-azotan-Chile-tras-terremoto-de-88-grados- |title=Saqueos y violencia azotan Chile tras terremoto de 8.8 grados |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Peru.com |access-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305060507/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83810/Saqueos-y-violencia-azotan-Chile-tras-terremoto-de-88-grados- |archive-date=5 March 2010 }}</ref> The government warned looters they would face the full weight of the law, as penalties for stealing are increased under a state of catastrophe. A week after the quake the police—tipped by neighbors—arrested three people with massive quantities of looted goods stashed in their homes. Other looted goods such as mattresses, furniture, television sets and other electronic appliances were abandoned in the streets of Concepción during the following days.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7397527/Chile-earthquake-looters-return-1.3-million-of-stolen-goods.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Chile earthquake: looters return £1.3 million of stolen goods | date=8 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Earthquake in Chile.jpg|right|thumb|The damaged [[Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts|Museum of Fine Arts]]|200px]] According to the [[BBC]] on 5 March, the city and fishing port of [[Talcahuano]], which lies but a few kilometers down the coast from Concepción, has been left largely to fend for itself. Neighbourhood vigilante groups, including one led by a public works employee with a gun license, and the few police present allow such behavior as residents' siphoning fuel from tanks at a petrol station, but step in if someone starts to attack a cash machine. One man stated, "I've personally saved dozens of people from attack in this apartment block."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8550960.stm|title=Lawlessness after quake in Chile fishing village|publisher=BBC|author=Will Grant|date=5 March 2010|access-date=5 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100306053307/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8550960.stm| archive-date= 6 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Chileans living in regions not affected by the earthquake (including those living abroad) also grieved, as they sought to learn more regarding kinsmen and friends affected by the earthquake. In the hardest-hit zones there was no communication with the exterior because of the failure of electricity and the destruction of telephone lines.<ref name="Ya son 723"/> === Prison escape === In the prison of [[El Manzano (prison)|El Manzano]] in Concepción, a [[prison riot]] began after a failed escape attempt by the inmates. Different parts of the prison were set afire and the riot was brought under control only after the guards shot into the air and received help from military units.<ref name=elmerc>[[El Mercurio]], 1 March. Cuerpo C, page C13</ref> By 1 March, prison guards in a prison in [[Chillán]] had recaptured 36 of 203 prisoners who had escaped following the earthquake. During their escape, prisoners burned seven houses close to the prison. A witness in [[Chillán]] asserted that he had been robbed by prisoners with a machine gun who had also forced his [[girlfriend]] to kiss them. Another witness alleged [[sexual abuse|sexual molestation]] by around twenty men who were believed to be escaped prisoners. The leading Chilean newspaper ''[[El Mercurio]]'' described the situation in Chillán as reminiscent of the "[[Wild West]]".<ref name=elmerc/> === Government response === Four hours after the earthquake, when the death count was still low, President Bachelet gave a press conference in which she informed the population of the situation and stated that Chile did not yet need international aid.<ref name="Impulsobaires">{{cite news|url=http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=86211|title=Turba Terremoto en Chile: Aumenta el número de fallecidos. Bachelet descartó tsunami, y dijo que no necesita ayuda internacional|date=27 February 2010|publisher=Impulsobaires.com|access-date=28 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407050658/http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=86211|archive-date=7 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, about two million people were affected by the quake with more than 500,000 houses uninhabitable. In many cities, people slept in tents, in parks or simply on the streets for fear of aftershocks. The government began distributing food and other vital aid around the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-01/chile-orders-curfew-amid-quake-chaos/346148?section=justin |date=28 February 2010 |title=Chile orders curfew amid quake chaos |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> On 28 February, President Bachelet said that her government had reached an agreement with the major supermarkets which would allow them to give away basic foodstuffs in stock to people affected by the earthquake.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/28/chile.quake/ | work=CNN | title=Security concerns spread as Chile quake death toll rises | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> By 28 February, the [[Santiago Metro]] rapid-transit network was already partially up and running and expected to be fully operative on the following day, 1 March.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/metro-comprometio-para-el-lunes-restablecimiento-total-del-servicio/prontus_nots/2010-02-28/121510.html |title=Balance: 160 personas fueron detenidas durante la noche |publisher=Cooperativa.cl |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> On 4 March, President-elect [[Sebastián Piñera]], who assumed office on 11 March, was quoted as saying that his goals were "to cope with the emergency needs of citizens, find people who are still missing, provide prompt and timely assistance to the sick and wounded, and restore law and order so that people can return to peace."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8550140.stm | work=BBC News | title=Rebuilding Chile 'to take years' | date=4 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> === Economic recovery === Authorities of the central port city of San Antonio speaking on 3 March 2010, stated that the port had returned to eighty percent of capacity. On the same date, Raul Maturana, a spokesman for the Federation of Port Workers' union, stated that the port of Valparaíso was operating normally. However, ports in southern Chile, which were closer to the epicenter, remained closed.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=aW.tGFQaicJs Chile’s San Antonio Port Returns to 80% Capacity (Update1)], Bloomberg, Rodrigo Orihuela(Buenos Aires) and James Attwood, 3 March 2010.</ref> On 4 March, President Bachelet said that Chile would need international loans and three to four years to rebuild.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSN03127528._CH_.2400 | archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100327004625/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN03127528._CH_.2400 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 27 March 2010 | work=Reuters | first=Terry | last=Wade | title=Chile wants loans, focuses on aid for quake areas | date=5 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> === Food scarcity === On 10 March the National Commission for Agricultural emergencies (CNEA) assured that milk and wheat prices would not rise, despite fears of lack of fuel supply for transport and harvest of these products. In the same CNEA report the mill associations of central and southern Chile are said to have expressed that they had currently no production difficulties.<ref>[http://www.sag.gob.cl/OpenNews/asp/pagDefault.asp?argInstanciaId=1&argNoticiaId=504&argEdicionId=9 Minagri anuncia que consecuencias de terremoto no afectarán abastecimiento de trigo y leche] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010339/http://www.sag.gob.cl/OpenNews/asp/pagDefault.asp?argInstanciaId=1&argNoticiaId=504&argEdicionId=9 |date=7 July 2011 }}, 10 March 2010.</ref> Despite this on 11 March newspaper [[La Segunda]] cited the president of the bakeries association complaining on unjustified price rises for flour, who said of cases of price rises of 10 to 20%.<ref>[http://www.la2da.cl/modulos/generacion/mobileASP/detailNew.asp?idNoticia=C4R1E70FT20100311&strNamePage=LUCSGEC26SG1103.jpg&codCuerpo=701&iNumPag=26&strFecha=2010-03-11&iPage=3&tipoPantalla=24 Molineros aseguran normal abastecimiento de harina, pero panaderos acusan alzas en precios], [[La Segunda]], 11 March 2010.</ref> The earthquake affected production at the [[Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas]] (CCU) and Cervecería Chile factories that together have a 90% share of the Chilean beer market. With an average annual per capita consumption of 36 liters, scarcity caused prices to rise from 990–1500 to 2000 [[Chilean peso]]s per litre. CCU responded by increasing capacity of their plant in [[Temuco]] that did not suffer major damage during the earthquake and by importing beer from their factories in Argentina. 50 trucks with beer are reported to have reached Santiago from Argentina. In March 2010, ten CCU executives said that the country will not run out of beer and that within two to three months production levels would be normalized.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rodrigo Bustamante Santiago de Chile |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/america_latina/2010/03/100309_0140_chile_sismo_cerveza_gz.shtml |title=El sismo hace escasear la cerveza en Chile |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> Liquor store owners expressed complaints regarding a beer [[rationing]] scheme implemented by CCU. The scarcity favored consumption of "premium beers" like [[Kunstmann]] and [[Paceña]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurioantofagasta.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100414/pags/20100414000505.html |title=Continúa la escasez de cerveza por terremoto |publisher=Mercurioantofagasta.cl |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> == Tsunami == A [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] was first declared for [[Chile]] and [[Peru]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|title=Australia on tsunami watch after quake|publisher=News.ninemsn.com.au|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302022133/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|archive-date=2 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a tsunami watch for [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], [[Antarctica]], [[Panama]] and [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html|title=Massive earthquake, aftershocks rattle Chile tsunami warning issued|newspaper=[[CNN]]|publisher=[[Time Warner]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301044543/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 « Strong earthquake hits Chile, Tsunami warning issued in region »] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707164100/http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 |date=7 July 2012 }}, ''peoplestar.co.uk'', Retrieved on 27 February 2010.</ref> The warning was later extended to a Pacific Ocean-wide warning, covering all coastal areas on the Pacific Ocean except the west coast of the United States, British Columbia, and Alaska.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt|title=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301011944/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Hawaiian media reported that tsunami warning sirens first sounded at 06:00 local time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|title=Tsunami warning in effect for Hawaii|date=27 February 2010|work=[[KHII-TV|Hawaii News Now]]|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301133849/http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|archive-date=1 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The U.S. Tsunami Warning Center issued advisories about potential tsunami of less than {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} striking the Pacific Ocean coastline between California and most of Alaska late in the afternoon or through the evening 12 or more hours after the initial earthquake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Hector |date=27 February 2010 |title=L.A. County fire officials expect waves from Chile quake to top at 3 feet; no warning to be issued |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/california-beaches-to-see-waves-peak-at-three-feet-experts-say.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Although the earthquake killed far fewer people than the Haitian earthquake less than 7 weeks prior, it was still devastating. The tsunami warning was cancelled for all countries except Japan and Russia in PTWC Bulletin 18 of 00:12 UTC on 28 February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.234803.txt |title=PTWC Bulletin 18: cancelling warning for all countries except Japan and Russia |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> In general, tsunamis tend to come in several waves, of which the first may not be the highest.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfku9-1225835190018 | work=news.com.au | title=Tsunami threatens Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Pacific Rim | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://home.nzcity.co.nz/news/article.aspx?id=111419&fm=newsmain,nrhl New Zealand is among 53 Pacific Ocean nations where tsunami alerts have been issued following an earthquake off Chile], NZCity, 28 February 2010.</ref> [[File:2010 Chile earthquake - NOAA buoy 34142 - water column height short.png|frame|right|The tsunami's passage as recorded by [[National Data Buoy Center]] [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]] (DART) buoy 34142, located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean 630 nautical miles (1170 km) southwest of [[Lima]], Peru.]] The U.S. [[National Weather Service]]'s [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] issued a [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] throughout a huge swathe of the Pacific region, including [[Antarctica]].<ref name=npr>{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Memmott|title='Massive' Earthquake Hits Chile; Tsunami Warnings Up Across Pacific|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301073207/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> In the Americas, the warning extended to [[Chile]] (including [[Easter Island]]), [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], and [[Panama]].<ref name=npr/> A warning was also issued for the Oceania and [[Pacific Islands]] nations and territories of [[American Samoa]], [[Australia]], the [[Cook Islands]], the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (including the FSM states of [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]], [[Kosrae]], [[Pohnpei]] and [[Yap]]), [[Fiji]], [[French Polynesia]], [[Guam]], [[Hawaii]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Island]], the [[Kermadec Islands]], [[Kiribati]], [[Marcus Island]], the [[Marshall Islands]], [[Midway Island]], [[New Caledonia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Niue]], the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Pitcairn Islands]], [[Samoa]], the [[Solomon Islands]], [[Tokelau]], [[Tonga]], [[Tuvalu]], [[Wallis and Futuna]] and [[Wake Island]].<ref name=npr/> Tsunami warnings were also in effect as far away as [[East Asia|East]] and Southeast Asia including [[Japan]], [[Indonesia]], [[Hong Kong]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/equake/tsunami_mon.htm#|title=Tsunami Monitoring and Warning in Hong Kong|website=hko.gov.hk|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> the [[Philippines]], [[Russia]] and [[Republic of China|Taiwan]].<ref name=npr/> Coastal areas of Canada's westernmost province [[British Columbia]] was under a tsunami advisory, and this was the most alarming advisory as the earthquake occurred during the same time as the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in Vancouver.<ref name=vancouversun/> No large wave was expected to strike British Columbia, but strong local [[ocean currents]] combined with a wave put low-lying coastal regions at risk of flooding.<ref name=vancouversun>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory|url=https://vancouversun.com/Coastal+under+tsunami+advisory/2622092/story.html|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402051033/http://www.vancouversun.com/Coastal%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Badvisory/2622092/story.html|archive-date=2 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The first wave was expected to reach southern British Columbia at 15:11&nbsp;local time.<ref name=vancouversun/> Residents were advised to avoid [[beaches]], [[harbors]] and [[marinas]].<ref name=montrealgazette>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory after massive Chilean earthquake|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast+under+tsunami+warning/2622118/story.html|agency=[[Canwest News Service]]|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403063509/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Bwarning/2622118/story.html|archive-date=3 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> A tsunami advisory was also issued for coastal areas of California, [[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and southern [[Alaska]] in the United States.<ref name=mynorthwest>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory for Washington Coast|url=http://www.mynorthwest.com/?nid=11&sid=290506|work=MyNorthwest.com|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> This tsunami advisory was canceled as of 07:13 UTD on 28 February.<ref>[https://archive.today/20131012125151/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/25/message725245-25.htm Tsunami Advisory Cancellation #25 issued 27 February 2010 at 11:13PM PST], NOAA/NWS/National Tsunami Warning Center</ref> Russian authorities lifted a tsunami alert for the [[Kamchatka]] coast, after the arrival of a 0.8&nbsp;m (2.6&nbsp;ft) surge that caused no damage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61R0RO20100228|work=Reuters|title=Tsunami waves hit Russia, no damage reported|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> The tsunami was also reported to be small along the Japanese coast, and passed without incident. Many coastal areas in Japan had been evacuated as a precaution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html|work=The New York Times|first=Martin|last=Fackler|title=Officials Breathe Sigh of Relief as Tsunami Passes|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> The projections use DART ([[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]]) gauges spread along the sea floor, which is a fairly new technology. Initial deep sea readings showed wave height of 25 centimeters, which is huge for deep water, according to Gerard Fryer of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. He went on to say, "although it was huge, we didn't quite know what it meant because we haven't much experience with those. As we get more under our belts, we'll get better."<ref name=GordonPangFeb28/> === Chile === [[File:Agustín Ross Balcony after 2010 Chile earthquake.jpg|thumb|[[Agustín Ross balcony]] damaged after the earthquake and tsunami in [[Pichilemu]].]] Some 30 minutes after the first shock, consecutive tsunamis hit coastal towns, among which [[Constitución, Chile|Constitución]] suffered the hardest damage;<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35644365 « Pacific coastline devastated; 350 killed by tsunami that hit one small town »],''msnbc.msn.com'', Retrieved on 1 March 2010.</ref> subsequently, a tsunami amplitude of up to {{convert|2.6|m|abbr=on}} high was recorded in the sea at [[Valparaíso]].<ref name="bbc 1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/04/message725245-04.htm |title=Tsunami message from NTWC |publisher=Wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328090340/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/04/message725245-04.htm |archive-date=28 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="PTWC3">[http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.094614.txt TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 004] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302130523/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.094614.txt |date=2 March 2010 }} by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]]</ref> A [[wave]] [[amplitude]] of {{convert|2.34|m|ft|abbr=on|2}} was recorded at [[Talcahuano]] in the [[Biobío Region]].<ref name="PTWC-index"> [http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/ TSUNAMI BULLETINS–index] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306002335/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/ |date=6 March 2010 }} of frequently updated bulletins issued by the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]], including the latest.</ref> [[Robinson Crusoe Island]], the largest of the [[Juan Fernández Islands]], was struck by a large wave which led to the deaths of four people on the island, with eleven people reported as missing, according to Provincial Governor Ivan De La Maza. President Bachelet is reported to have sent an aid mission to the remote island.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/02/28/2832244.htm Tsunami kills 4 in Robinson Crusoe islands], Agence France-Presse/Reuters.</ref><ref name="CNN01">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake.hawaii/?hpt=Sbin|title=First waves of tsunami arrive at Hawaii|last=Gutierrez|first=Thelma|date=27 February 2010|publisher=CNN |access-date=27 February 2010|location=Honolulu, Hawaii| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100403081506/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake.hawaii/?hpt=Sbin| archive-date= 3 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> As a precaution against the coming tsunami, partial evacuation was ordered in [[Easter Island]], about 3,510&nbsp;km (2,180&nbsp;mi) away from the coast of Chile. The tsunami wave arrived in Easter Island at 12:05 UTC, measuring 0.35&nbsp;m (1.15&nbsp;ft).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.164746.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302131325/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.164746.txt |archive-date=2 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/02/27/10/partial-evacuation-chiles-easter-island-ordered |title=Partial evacuation of Chile's Easter Island ordered &#124; ABS-CBN News Online Beta |publisher=Abs-cbnnews.com |access-date=28 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100407100053/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/02/27/10/partial-evacuation-chiles-easter-island-ordered| archive-date= 7 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> On 27 February, defense minister [[Francisco Vidal (Chilean politician)|Francisco Vidal]] said that the [[Chilean Navy]] had made a mistake by not immediately issuing a tsunami warning after the earthquake, a step that could have helped coastal villagers flee to higher ground sooner. However, an alarm was later sounded by port captains and saved some lives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35637211 |title=Chile minister says navy erred on tsunami |work=NBC News |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref> Mariano Rojas Bustos, then head of Chile's oceanographic service [[SHOA]], which is part of the country's navy, was later fired for the organization's failure to provide clear warnings about the tsunami.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10630298">{{cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/natural-disasters/news/article.cfm?c_id=68&objectid=10630298 |title= Chile sacks official over tsunami alert |date=6 March 2010 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> === Oceania === ;New Zealand Initially, the [[New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management]] (CDEM) said they did not expect a tsunami to reach New Zealand,<ref>[http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/$file/National%20advisory%20No1.doc National Advisory: Tsunami – No Threat to New Zealand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522112304/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/%24file/National%20advisory%20No1.doc |date=22 May 2010 }}, Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management, 20:34 on 27 February 2010.</ref> but later issued a warning stating that waves of up to {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} high were likely for the eastern<ref>[http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/$file/National%20warning%20No1.doc National Warning: Tsunami Threat to New Zealand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522112157/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/%24file/National%20warning%20No1.doc |date=22 May 2010 }}, Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management, 23:18 on 27 February 2010.</ref> and later the entire [[New Zealand]] coast.<ref name="NZalert">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/3384741/NZ-on-tsunami-alert |title=NZ on tsunami alert |date=28 February 2010 |work=[[The Press]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> By 19:55 [[UTC]] (08:40 local), CDEM reported wave activity of {{Convert|50|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in the [[Chatham Islands]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf |title=#ChileQuake National Warning:Tsunami Threat to NZ Update18 |publisher=Civildefence.govt.nz |access-date=1 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100304153336/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.NSF| archive-date= 4 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> and {{Convert|2|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} surges were reported there later in the morning.<ref>Edward Gay and Derek Cheng, [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10629052 1.5-meter tsunami wave hits Chathams, heading for mainland], New Zealand Herald, 28 February 2010.</ref> A surge {{Convert|2.2|m|abbr=on}} high hit the [[South Island]]'s [[Banks Peninsula]],<ref name="NZalert"/><ref name="Stuff.co.nz_3387060">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/3387060/Lucky-low-tide-keeps-Chch-safe |title=Lucky low tide keeps Chch safe |date=1 March 2010 |work=[[The Press]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> while surges up to {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} high were reported in the northern [[North Island]].<ref>Edward Gay, Derek Cheng and Michael Dickison, [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10629116&pnum=0 Tsunami fears over as alert downgraded], New Zealand Herald, 28 February 2010.</ref> By mid afternoon (local time), Civil Defence had downgraded the tsunami warning to an alert, while still advising that sea levels could change quickly for up to 24 hours from the initial surge.<ref name="Stuff.co.nz_3384728">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/3384728/Tsunami-alert-for-New-Zealand-after-massive-Chile-quake |title=Tsunami alert downgraded after Chile quake |date=8 March 2010 |work=[[Stuff.co.nz]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> ;Antarctica The [[U.S. Antarctic Program]]'s coastal station along the [[Antarctic Peninsula]], [[Palmer Station]], went on a tsunami alert shortly after the earthquake struck Chile. To prepare for a possible tsunami, station personnel removed all Zodiac boats from the water and moved any materials from low-lying areas that waves could have swept away. Personnel also retreated to the station's highest building, GWR, while the tsunami warning was in effect, Ellis said. Palmer personnel developed a tsunami emergency plan following the 2004 earthquake in the Indian Ocean that created a tsunami that killed more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. While no noticeable tsunami occurred at Palmer, the station tide monitor displayed bumps of several centimeters, signifying that a small wave had indeed reached the shores of Anvers Island.<ref>{{cite web |title=Not shaken|url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contentHandler.cfm?id=2045|publisher=[[The Antarctic Sun]] |date=3 March 2010 | access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> ;Australia The [[Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Center]] (JATWC) sent out tsunami warnings for [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]], [[Lord Howe Island]], [[Norfolk Island]], [[Tasmania]], and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]. The organization warned of the possibility of dangerous waves, strong ocean currents and foreshore flooding to occur on the east coast of Australia for several hours on Sunday.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tsunami Hits Hawaii, Causes Minimal Damage |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tsunami-hits-hawaii-causes-minimal-damage/ |website=cbsnews.com |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> As a result of the warnings, patrolled beaches in New South Wales and Queensland remained closed (red flags) and lifeguards ushered people to leave the water. However beach goers and surfers ignored the warnings. Numerous onlookers also crowded parts of the shore to view potential effects of the tsunami.<ref name=newscom>{{cite news | url = http://www.news.com.au/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfkvr-1225835186186 | access-date =28 February 2010 | work=news.com.au | title=Tsunami beach ban cancelled in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Pacific Rim | date=28 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301235417/http://www.news.com.au/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfkvr-1225835186186| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The beach ban was lifted by the end of the day and there was no reports of damage, flooding or other emergencies. Tsunami waves of between 10&nbsp;cm and 50&nbsp;cm were recorded and their surges were believed to have created strong currents. Increases in sea levels include: [[Norfolk Island]] 50&nbsp;cm, [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast (Qld)]] 20&nbsp;cm, [[Port Kembla, New South Wales|Port Kembla (NSW)]] 14&nbsp;cm, [[Southport Island|Southport (Tas)]] 17&nbsp;cm.<ref name=newscom/> ;French Polynesia A wave measuring up to {{Convert|1.8|m|abbr=on}} high struck portions of [[French Polynesia]] between 15:50 to 17:50 [[UTC]] with no reports of injuries {{As of|2010|02|28|lc=on|df=US}}.<ref name=sb>{{cite news|title=Tsunami waves up to 6 feet hit French Polynesia |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/content/Tsunami_waves_up_to_6_feet_hit_French_Polynesia |newspaper=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |publisher=[[Black Press]] |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> A wave 4 meters high is reported to have struck [[Hiva Oa]] in the [[Marquesas Islands]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tsunami hits French Polynesia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-02-28/tsunami-hits-french-polynesia/345468 |work=Australian Broadcasting Company |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> The first waves were expected to hit the main island of [[Tahiti]] at approximately 16:50 [[UTC]] (07:50 local).<ref name=rnzi/> Cars and other automobiles were banned from roads closer than {{Convert|500|m|abbr=on}} from the Pacific Ocean.<ref name=rnzi/> [[Réseau France Outre-mer]] in [[Papeete]] reported that a wave measuring less than {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} passed east of the [[Gambier Islands]] with no damage, according to [[Monique Richeton]], the mayor of [[Rikitea]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tsunami hits French Polynesia; Pacific on watch |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Tsunami-hits-French-Polynesia-Pacific-on-watch/article16832222.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=rnzi/> Residents of the [[Tuamotus]], which are low-lying, were told to move to the highest points on the island.<ref name=rnzi/> ;American Samoa The first wave was expected to reach [[American Samoa]], which is still recovering from the [[2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami]], at 08:51 local time.<ref name=rnzi>{{cite news |title=Tsunami alert in Pacific after 8.8 quake in Chile |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=52179 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715192210/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=52179 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2011 |work=[[Radio New Zealand International]]|date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> [[Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa|Lieutenant Governor]] [[Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia]] urged residents not to rush to [[A'oloau]], a high elevation area on [[Tutuila]], as it could cause traffic jams, putting safety at risk.<ref name=rnzi/> Many coastal towns, including the main city of [[Pago Pago]], had already been heavily damaged in the 2009 tsunami. The first wave arrived on Pago Plaza at 21:58 UTC. ;Philippines The [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] (Phivolcs) issued an advisory that tsunami wave(s) were expected to hit the eastern coast of the Philippines on Sunday between 05:00 and 06:30 [[UTC]] (13:00 and 14:30 local). Residents of 19 eastern provinces "are advised to prepare for possible evacuation."<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20100228-255780/Brace-for-possible-tsunami-after-lunch-Sunday----Phivolcs Brace for possible tsunami after lunch Sunday–Phivolcs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301113126/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20100228-255780/Brace-for-possible-tsunami-after-lunch-Sunday----Phivolcs |date=1 March 2010 }}, By Alcuin Papa, Philippine Daily Inquirer, First Posted 02:54:00 February 28, 2010</ref> However, at 15:15 on 28 February 2010, all warnings were canceled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=342&Itemid=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116032901/https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=342&Itemid=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2018 |title=Alert Cancellation – Phivolcs |publisher=Phivolcs.dost.gov.ph |access-date=1 March 2010 }}</ref> ;Hawaii [[United States Senators]] [[Daniel Inouye]] and [[Daniel Akaka]] issued a joint [[press release]] announcing the first tsunami evacuation in Hawaii since 1994.<ref name=ha>{{cite news |title=Inouye, Akaka urge calm |url=http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/20100227/BREAKING01/100227027/1352 |work=[[Honolulu Advertiser]]|date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name=ha2>{{cite news|title=Caldwell serving as acting mayor |url=http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/artikkel?Dato=20100227&Kategori=BREAKING01&Lopenr=100227022&Ref=AR&Show=0 |work=[[Honolulu Advertiser]] |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic|fix-attempted=yes}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Warning sirens were sounded throughout the state, as hotels in [[Waikiki]] evacuated tourists at 6&nbsp;a.m. People in tall buildings were encouraged to move above the third floor. Waves measuring 2.7 metres high were originally predicted to strike [[Hilo Bay]] on the [[Big Island of Hawai'i]] at 11:05 local time (21:05 GMT),<ref name=hsb>{{cite news |first=Allison |last=Schaefers |title=9-foot waves forecast for Hilo Bay at 11:05 |url=http://www.starbulletin.com/news/breaking/9-foot_waves_forecast_for_Hilo_Bay_at_1105_am.html |work=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]]|date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301114714/http://www.starbulletin.com/news/breaking/9-foot_waves_forecast_for_Hilo_Bay_at_1105_am.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> but by 11:18, major receding and waves had not been reported on the shoreline. By 11:40, several waves hit the islands amounting to raising and lowering of the sea near the coast, and a fourth wave hit around 13:12. The tsunami warning for Hawaii was canceled in the early afternoon on Saturday, 27 February. Gerard Fryer, a geophysicist for the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center was quoted as saying: "We expected the waves to be bigger in Hawaii, maybe about 50 percent bigger than they actually were."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.grandforksherald.com/event/apArticle/id/D9E5B2F80/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903160812/http://www.grandforksherald.com/event/apArticle/id/D9E5B2F80/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2012 |title=Tsunami that raced across Pacific delivers glancing blow to islands, Asian coasts |first=JAYMES |last=SONG |agency=Associated Press Writer |newspaper=Grand Forks Herald |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=11 April 2011 }}</ref> Early in the morning, the Center expected waves of 3 metres. In actuality, the highest tsunami waves ended up being about 1.5 to 1.8 metres peak to trough.<ref name=GordonPangFeb28>{{cite news|url=http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100228/NEWS01/2280361/1352|title=Warning center learns from miscalculation|first=Gordon Y.K.|last=Pang|newspaper=Honolulu Advertiser|date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> === North America === ;British Columbia At around 23:00 [[UTC]] (15:00 local), a tsunami warning was issued for coastal [[British Columbia]]. Extra precautions were already in place due to the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] being held in [[Vancouver]] at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2622152 |title=Olympic Games proceed despite tsunami warning |publisher=Nationalpost.com |access-date=1 March 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100301135413/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2622152 |archive-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ;California Small waves were expected in [[Southern California]], and receding was reported at [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]. Minor damage was reported on some coastal areas. The tsunami damaged navigation buoys at [[Ventura, California|Ventura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-signal.com/news/article/25296/|title=Tsunami damages buoys off Ventura, officials say|publisher=Santa Clarita Valley Signal|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302030939/http://www.the-signal.com/news/article/25296/|archive-date=2 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, a boat was torn loose from its mooring and minor erosion occurred within Ventura Harbor. Damage to docks and pilings in the area was moderate.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clerici |first=Kevin |date=27 February 2010 |title=Tsunami surge damages Ventura docks, sets boats loose |url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/tsunami-surge-damages-ventura-docks-sets-boats-loose-ep-369583402-350055101.html/ |work=Ventura County Star |location=Camarillo, California |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> ;Guerrero In [[Guerrero]], surges of between 30&nbsp;cm and 1 meter and receding of up to 10 m were reported, and three small vessels were sunk at [[Tecpán de Galeana (municipality)|Tecpán de Galeana]]. The state tourism authorities announced they would be sending a letter to the CNN news network to protest the "alarming" way in which it had forecast a tsunami for the major tourist destination of [[Acapulco]].<ref> {{cite news |title=Guerrero reporta daños mínimos por oleaje |first=Juan |last=Cervantes |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/662271.html?TB_iframe=true&height=650&width=850 |newspaper= [[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |location=Mexico City |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=5 March 2010 |language= es}}</ref> === Tsunami-related aid given === {{Expand section|date=March 2010}} [[Argentina]] has sent construction teams to [[Chiloé Island]] to help reconstruct some of the washed away coastal buildings. In July 2010, the government of Argentina released a statement that they would lend $300 million to Chile for reconstruction efforts using Argentine goods.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100722-713786.html | work=The Wall Street Journal | title=Argentina To Lend $300M To Chile For Rebuilding-Related Goods | date=22 July 2010 | access-date=11 April 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Data === The following data, published by the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] and the [[National Tsunami Warning Center]], lists measured and reported values of the tsunami when it arrived at specific places. Some data is taken from the Chilean Army. {|class="wikitable sortable" |+Tsunami arrival data<ref name=PTWC-index/><ref name="PTWC-015">[http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.202736.txt TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 015] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302131347/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.202736.txt |date=2 March 2010 }} issued by the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/15/message725245-15.htm|title=National Tsunami Warning Center|publisher=NOAA|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402062922/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/15/message725245-15.htm|archive-date=2 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! Station ! Country or territory ! Latitude ! Longitude ! Time (UTC) ! Height (m) ! Height (ft) |- |[[Pichilemu]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 34.23 S || 72.0 W || 06:48 || 3.02 || 10.0 |- |[[Talcahuano]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 36.9 S || 75.4 W || 06:53 || 2.34 || 7.7 |- |[[Valparaíso]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 33 S || 71.6 W || 07:08 || 1.29 || 4.2 |- |[[Corral, Chile|Corral]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 39.9 S || 73.4 W || 07:39 || 0.90 || 2.9 |- |[[Desventuradas Islands|San Felix]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 26.3 S || 80.1 W || 08:15 || 0.53 || 1.7 |- | [[Caldera, Chile|Caldera]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 27.1 S || 70.8 W || 08:34 || 0.45 || 1.5 |- | [[Ancud]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 41.9 S || 73.8 W || 08:38 || 0.62 || 2.0 |- | [[Coquimbo]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 30 S || 71.3 W || 08:52 || 1.32 || 4.3 |- | [[Iquique]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 20.2 S || 70.1 W || 09:07 || 0.28 || 0.9 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Lima]] || {{flagu|Peru}} || 18 S || 86.4 W || 09:41 || 0.24 || 0.8 |- | [[Antofagasta]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 23.2 S || 70.4 W || 09:41 || 0.49 || 1.6 |- | [[Arica]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 18.5 S || 70.3 W || 10:08 || 0.94 || 3.1 |- | [[Callao]] ||{{flagu|Peru}}|| 12.1 S || 77.2 W || 10:29 || 0.36 || 1.2 |- | [[Easter Island]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 27.2 S || 109.5 W || 12:05 || 0.35 || 1.1 |- | [[Quepos]] ||{{flagu|Costa Rica}}|| 9.45 N || 84.15 W || 14:16 || 0.24 || 0.8 |- | [[Galapagos Islands]] ||{{flagu|Ecuador}} || 0.4 S || 90.3 W || 14:52 || 0.35 || 1.2 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Marquesas Islands]] || {{flagu|French Polynesia}} || 8.5 S || 125 W || 15:31 || 0.18 || 0.6 |- | [[Rikitea]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 23.1 S || 134.9 W || 15:59 || 0.15 || 0.5 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]] || || 16.0 N || 107 W || 16:11 || 0.07 || 0.2 |- | [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]] ||{{flagu|Mexico}}|| 19.1 N || 104.3 W || 17:05 || 0.32 || 1.0 |- | [[Hiva Oa]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 9.8 S || 139.0 W || 17:41 || 1.79 || 5.9 |- | [[Nuku Hiva]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 8.9 S || 140.1 W || 17:45 || 0.95 || 3.1 |- | [[Papeete]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 17.5 N || 149.6 W || 18:10 || 0.16 || 0.5 |- | [[Cabo San Lucas]] ||{{flagu|Mexico}}|| 22.9 N || 109.9 W || 18:33 || 0.36 || 1.2 |- | [[Rarotonga]] ||{{flagu|Cook Islands}}|| 21.2 S || 159.8 W || 19:07 || 0.15 || 0.5 |- | [[Acapulco]] ||{{flagu|Mexico}}|| 16.8 N || 99.9 W || 19:31 || 0.62 || 2.0 |- |[[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[San Diego]]|| ||32.2 N||120.7 W||19:31||0.06||0.2 |- | Lottin Point ||{{flagu|New Zealand}}|| 37.6 S || 178.2 E || 19:34 || 0.15 || 0.5 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Tonga]] || || 23 S || 168.1 W || 20:03 || 0.04 || 0.1 |- | [[Apia]] ||{{flagu|Samoa}}|| 13.8 S || 171.8 W || 20:18 || 0.13 || 0.4 |- |[[Nukualofa]]||{{flagu|Tonga}}||21.1 S||175.2 W||20:24||0.1||0.3 |- |[[Pago Pago]]||{{flagu|American Samoa}}||14.3 S||170.7 W||20:27 ||0.22||0.7 |- |[[Monterey, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||36.6 N||121.9 W||20:31 ||0.28||1.1 |- |[[San Diego, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||32.7 N||117.2 W||20:36||0.13||0.4 |- |[[San Francisco, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||37.8 N||122.5 W||21:20||0.26||0.8 |- |[[Hilo, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||19.7 N||154.9 W||21:20||0.86||2.8 |- |[[Lānaʻi|Kuamalapau, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||20.8 N||156.9 W||21:36||0.18||0.6 |- |[[Kahului, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||20.9 N||156.5 W||21:47||0.98||3.2 |- |[[Santa Barbara, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||34.4 N||119.7 W||21:50||0.53||1.7 |- |[[Kalaeloa Airport|Barber's Point, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||21.3 N||158.1 W||21:57||0.12||0.4 |- |[[Honolulu, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||21.3 N||150.4 W||22:00||0.25||0.8 |- |[[Kawaihae, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||20 N||155.5 W||22:11||0.52||1.7 |- |[[Crescent City, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||41.7 N||124.2 W||22:13||0.37||1.2 |- |[[Vanuatu]]||{{flagu|Vanuatu}}||17.8 S||168.3 E||22:46||0.15||0.5 |- |[[Johnston Atoll]]||{{flagu|United States}}||16.7 N||169.5 W||22:48||0.22||0.7 |- |[[Nawiliwili Bay|Nawiliwili, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||22 N||159.4 W||23:23||0.37||1.2 |- |[[Sitka, Alaska]]||{{flagu|United States}}||57.1 N||135.3 W||00:11 28 Feb||0.08||0.3 |- |[[Guam]]||{{flagicon|Guam}} [[Guam]]||13.4 N||144.7 E||03:07||0.16||0.5 |- |[[Minamitorishima]]<ref>{{cite web|author=著者来店 |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20100228-OYT1T00527.htm?from=top |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100303150655/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20100228-OYT1T00527.htm?from=top |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 March 2010 |title=小笠原諸島の南鳥島に津波第一波、１０ｃｍ |publisher=Yomiuri.co.jp |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref>||{{flagu|Japan}}||24.1N||153.5E||03:43||0.1||0.3 |- |[[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Saipan]]|| ||19.1 N||155.8 E||03:55||0.08||0.3 |- |[[Otsuchi, Iwate]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||39.21 N||141.54 E||06:43||1.45||4.35 |- |[[Yamada, Iwate]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||39.47 N||141.95 E||08:14||1.61||4.85 |- |[[Hachinohe, Aomori]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||40.30 N||141.29 E||08:44||0.9||2.7 |- |[[Nemuro, Hokkaido]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||43.20 N||145.35 E||09:23||1.0||3.0 |- |[[Kuji, Iwate]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||40.11 N||141.46 E||10:01||1.2||3.6 |- |[[Susaki, Kōchi]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||33.24 N||133.17 E||10:42||1.2||3.6 |- |[[Shibushi, Kagoshima]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||31.30 N||131.03 E||10:56||1.0||3.0 |} <div class="center">{{Gallery |File:2010 Chile earthquake NOAA tsunami travel time projection 2010-02-27.jpg|Tsunami ETA [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (hour 0{{=}}06:34 UTC 27 Feb) |File:2010 Chile earthquake NOAA tsunami projection 2010-02-27.png|The energy model map of the tsunami. |File:Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg|Countries with coastal areas that were at risk (in pink). }}</div> == See also == {{Portal|Chile}} * ''[[03:34: Earthquake in Chile]]'' * [[2010 Chile blackout]] * [[2010 Haiti earthquake]] * [[2010 Pichilemu earthquake]] * [[2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption]] * ''[[Aftershock (2012 film)|Aftershock]]'' * [[List of 21st-century earthquakes]] * [[List of earthquakes in 2010]] * [[List of earthquakes in Chile]] * [[Lists of earthquakes]] * [[List of megathrust earthquakes]] * [[Seismicity of the Chilean coast]] * ''[[The Year of the Tiger]]'' == Notes == {{Reflist|group=note}} == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|2010 Chile earthquake}} {{Wikinews category|2010 Chile earthquake}} * [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/02/27/world/americas/0227-chile-quake-map.html Maps of the Chile Earthquake] – ''[[The New York Times]]'' * [http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/chile20100227/ Tsunami Event – February 27, 2010 Chile ] – NOAA Center for Tsunami Research * [http://www.democracynow.org/2010/3/3/chile Chilean Earthquake Toll Passes 800; Aid Yet to Reach Many Devastated Areas] – ''[[Democracy Now!]]'' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO16edaxoV0 Tsunami Animation: Maule, Chile 2010 (Mercator)] – [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] * {{EQ-isc-link|14340585}} * {{ReliefWeb-link|eq-2010-000034-chl}} {{2010 Chile earthquake}} {{Earthquakes in 2010}} {{Earthquakes in Chile}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chile Earthquake}} [[Category:2010 Chile earthquake| ]] [[Category:2010 tsunamis|Chile earthquake]] [[Category:2010 in French Polynesia]] [[Category:History of Biobío Region|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:History of Maule Region|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:Tsunamis in Chile|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:February 2010 events in South America]] [[Category:History of Ñuble Region|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:Modern history of Chile]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'{{short description|Magnitude 8.8 earthquake in Chile on 27 February 2010}} {{About||the 2014 quake|2014 Iquique earthquake|the 2015 quake|2015 Illapel earthquake|the 2016 quake|2016 Chiloé earthquake|other earthquakes in and about Chile during 2010|List of earthquakes in Chile occurring in 2010}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} {{Infobox earthquake | title = 2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami | image = 2010 Chile earthquake - Building destroyed in Concepción.jpg | image alt = Collapsed building in [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. | caption = Damage sustained by a building in [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], located around 100 kilometres south of the epicenter. | map2 = [[File:2010 Chile earthquake epicenter.png|260px|border|alt=]] | timestamp = 2010-02-27 06:34:23 | isc-event = 14340585 | anss-url = official20100227063411530_30 | local-date = {{Start date|2010|02|27|df=yes}}<ref name="sismologia"/> | local-time = 03:34 [[Time in Chile|CST]] ([[UTC-03:00]]) | magnitude = 8.8 {{M|ww|link=y}} | intensity = {{MMI|IX}}<ref name=sismologia/><ref name="USGS_M8.8" /> | PGA = 0.65 ''[[peak ground acceleration|g]]''<ref>http://www.csn.uchile.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Informe_Terremoto_Cauquenes_2010.pdf</ref> | depth = {{convert|35|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="USGS"/><br />{{convert|30.1|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="sismologia"/> | location = {{Coord|35.909|S|72.733|W|type:event|display =inline,title}}<ref name="USGS"/><br />{{Coord|36.290|S|73.239|W|type:event|display =inline}}<ref name="sismologia"/> | type = [[Megathrust earthquake|Megathrust]] | countries affected = Chile | tsunami = Yes | casualties = 525 dead, 25 missing<ref name="muertos">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114043429/http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Subsecretaría del Interior de Chile (31 January 2011). "Informe final de fallecidos y desaparecidos por comuna"|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref> }} [[File:Torre O´Higgins conce.jpg|thumb|The partially collapsed 21-story O'Higgins Tower, Concepción]] The '''2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami''' ({{lang-es|Terremoto del 27F}}<ref>Labeled by the local media as "27F", probably influenced by Spanish events, such as the [[1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt]], known as "23F", or the more recent [[2004 Madrid train bombings]], called the "11M".</ref>) occurred off the coast of central [[Chile]] on Saturday, 27 February at 03:34 [[Time in Chile|local time]] (06:34 [[UTC]]), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the [[moment magnitude scale]], with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes.<ref name="reuters 1">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227|title=Reuters earthquake report|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=27 February 2010 | date=10 June 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100228184435/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227| archive-date= 28 February 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><!---<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/en/quake/|title=Japan Meteorological Agency report|work=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]|access-date=27 February 2010}} Information of this link almost changes</ref>---><ref name="sismologia"/><ref name="USGS">{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/ |title=USGS Earthquake Details |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301114502/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/ |archive-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unavco.org/community_science/science_highlights/2010/M8.8-Chile.html |title=Science Highlights 2010 – UNAVCO Event Response – Mw=8.8 Chile Earthquake Feb. 27, 2010 |publisher=UNAVCO |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> It was felt strongly in six [[Regions of Chile|Chilean regions]] (from [[Valparaíso Region|Valparaíso]] in the north to [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]] in the south), that together make up about 80 percent of the country's population. According to the [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) the cities experiencing the strongest shaking—VIII (''Severe'') on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] (MM)—were [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], [[Arauco, Chile|Arauco]], and [[Coronel, Chile|Coronel]]. According to Chile's Seismological Service [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] experienced the strongest shaking at MM IX (''Violent'').<ref name="sismologia"/><ref name="USGS_M8.8">{{cite web |title=M 8.8 - 36 km WNW of Quirihue, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20100227063411530_30/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> The earthquake was felt in the capital [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] at MM VII (''Very strong'')<ref name=pager>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html |title=PAGER–M 8.8–OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=27 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200203/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html |archive-date=2 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> or MM VIII.<ref name=sismologia>{{citation|url=http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2010/02/27-0634-28L.S201002.html |language=es |title=Informe de sismo sensible |at=sismologia.cl |publisher=Servicio Sismológico, [[University of Chile|Universidad de Chile]] |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=20 January 2013 }}</ref> Tremors were felt in many [[Argentina|Argentine]] cities, including [[Buenos Aires]], [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]], and [[La Rioja, Argentina|La Rioja]].<ref name="Infobae">{{cite web|url=http://www.infobae.com/general/502937-101275-0-Confirman-que-el-sismo-Chile-se-sinti%C3%B3-Buenos-Aires|title=Confirman que el sismo de Chile se sintió en Buenos Aires|date=27 February 2010|publisher=Infobae |language=es|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="infobae news 2">{{cite news|url=http://www.infobae.com/general/502942-101275-0-En-la-regi%C3%B3n-Cuyo-se-sinti%C3%B3-muy-fuerte-el-temblor-Chile|title=En la región de Cuyo "se sintió muy fuerte" el temblor de Chile|date=27 February 2010|work=Infobae.com|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> Tremors were felt as far north as the city of [[Ica (city)|Ica]] in southern [[Peru]] (approx. {{convert|2400|km|abbr=on}} away).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile- |date=27 February 2010 |work=[[Peru.com]] |language=es |title=Temblor sacude Ica y causa temor en pobladores tras terremoto en Chile |access-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014174913/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile- |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref> The earthquake triggered a [[tsunami]] which devastated several coastal towns in south-central Chile and damaged the port at [[Talcahuano]]. Tsunami warnings were issued in 53 countries,<ref name="sky news 1">{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago/Article/201002415561008?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15561008_Chile%3A_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale%2C_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago |title=Tsunami After Major Earthquake Hits Chile |date=27 February 2010 |work=[[Sky News]] |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402111537/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago/Article/201002415561008?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15561008_Chile%3A_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale%2C_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago |archive-date=2 April 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the wave caused minor damage in the [[San Diego]] area of California<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfan.php#summary |title=Magnitude 8.8 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316004001/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfan.php |archive-date=16 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and in the [[Tōhoku region]] of Japan, where damage to the fisheries business was estimated at [[¥]]6.26 billion (US$66.7 million).<ref>[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100328b1.html Fisheries took ¥6 billion hit from Chile tsunami], ''[[Japan Times]]''. 28 March 2010.</ref> The earthquake also generated [[2010 Chile blackout|a blackout that affected 93 percent of the Chilean population]] and which went on for several days in some locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdec-sic.cl/noticia_en.php?noticia_id=842 |title=Apagón en el SIC del 27 de Febrero de 2010 |publisher=Cdec-sic.cl |access-date=11 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005909/https://www.cdec-sic.cl/noticia_en.php?noticia_id=842 |archive-date=7 July 2011 }}</ref> [[President of Chile|President]] [[Michelle Bachelet]] declared a "[[State of Emergency|state of catastrophe]]" and sent military troops to take control of the most affected areas. According to official sources, 525 people lost their lives, 25 people went missing<ref name="muertos"/> and about 9% of the population in the affected regions lost their homes.<ref>[http://www.mideplan.gob.cl/encuesta-post-terremoto/documentos/informe-encuesta-post-terremoto.pdf Casen Post-Earthquake Survey] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807122915/http://www.mideplan.gob.cl/encuesta-post-terremoto/documentos/informe-encuesta-post-terremoto.pdf |date=7 August 2011 }}, Ministry of Planning.</ref> On 10 March, [[Swiss Reinsurance Co.]] estimated that the Chilean quake would cost insurance companies between 4 and 7 billion dollars. The rival German-based [[Munich Re]] AG made the same estimate.<ref name="AP">{{cite news |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-swiss-re-puts-chile-quake-insurance-cost-at-4-7bn-2010mar10-story.html |title=Swiss Re puts Chile quake insurance cost at $4-7BN |agency=Associated Press |date=10 March 2010 |newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] }}</ref> Earthquake's losses to the economy of Chile are estimated at US$15–30 billion.<ref>[http://hqweb.unep.org/yearbook/2011/ UNEP Year Book2011, An Overview of Our Changing Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084112/http://hqweb.unep.org/yearbook/2011/ |date=7 April 2014 }}, United Nations Environment Programme 2011 page 2</ref> == Location == According to the USGS, the [[epicenter]] of the earthquake was about {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=in}} off the coast of [[Pelluhue]], a town in the [[Maule Region]]. This is about {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=in}} west of the village of Chovellén, {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=in}} southwest of the town of Pelluhue and at a point approximately {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=in}} away from the following four provincial capitals: [[Talca]] (to the north-east), [[Linares, Chile|Linares]] (to the east), [[Chillán]] (to the south-east) and [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] (to the south).<ref name="USGS"/> Chile's Seismological Service located the quake's epicenter at about {{convert|34|km|mi|abbr=in}} off the coast of [[Ñuble Region]] in the [[Biobío Region]]. This is {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=in}} north of Concepción and {{convert|170|km|mi|abbr=in}} south-west of Talca.<ref name="sismologia"/> == Seismology and geology == {{Main|Nazca Plate|geology of Chile}} The earthquake took place along the boundary between the [[Nazca Plate|Nazca]] and [[South American Plate|South American]] [[tectonic plates]], at a location where they [[convergent boundary|converge]] at a rate of eighty millimeters (3&nbsp;in) a year. This earthquake was characterized by a [[thrust fault|thrust-faulting]] [[focal mechanism]], caused by the [[subduction]] of the Nazca plate beneath the South American Tectonic Plates.<ref name="USGS"/> The end-regions of the [[earthquake rupture|rupture zone]] coincided with the Andean [[orocline]]s of Maipo (33° S) and Arauco (37° S). This has been interpreted as suggesting a link between upper plate (South American plate) [[structural geology|structure]] and rupture length.<ref name=Jara-MuHInoz2015>{{Citation | last1 = Jara-Muñoz | first1 = Julius | last2 = Melnick | first2 = Daniel | last3 = Dominik | first3 = Brill | last4 = Strecker | first4 = Manfred R. | title = Segmentation of the 2010 Maule earthquake rupture from a joint analysis of uplifted marine terraces and seismic cycle deformation | journal = [[Quaternary Science Reviews]] | volume = 113 | year = 2015 | pages = 171–192 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.005 }}</ref> Chile has been at a convergent plate boundary that generates [[megathrust earthquake]]s since the [[Paleozoic]] era (500 million years ago). In historical times the Chilean coast has suffered many megathrust earthquakes along this plate boundary, including the strongest earthquake ever measured, which is the [[1960 Valdivia earthquake]]. More recently, the boundary ruptured during the [[2007 Tocopilla earthquake]] in northern Chile. The segment of the fault zone which ruptured in this earthquake was estimated to be over {{Convert|700|km|abbr=on}} long with a displacement of almost 10 meters, or 120 years of accumulated plate movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/highlights/chileearthquakeFeb2010.html |title=Chile Earthquake &#124; Magnitude 8.8 |publisher=British Geological Survey |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref> It lay immediately north of the {{Convert|1000|km|abbr=on}} segment which ruptured in the great earthquake of 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fountain|first=Henry|title=Underwater Plate Cuts 400-Mile Gash|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/world/americas/28quake.html|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100303235619/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/world/americas/28quake.html| archive-date= 3 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Preliminary measurements show that the entire South American Plate moved abruptly westward during the quake.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilemoves.htm |title=Researchers show how far South American cities moved in quake, Research News, Ohio State University, March 8, 2010 |publisher=Researchnews.osu.edu |access-date=23 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412040819/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilemoves.htm |archive-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A research collaborative of Ohio State and other institutions have found, using [[GPS]], that the earthquake shifted Santiago 28&nbsp;cm (11&nbsp;in) to the west-southwest and moved Concepción at least {{convert|3|m|0}} to the west. The earthquake also shifted other parts of South America from the [[Falkland Islands]] to [[Fortaleza]], Brazil. For example, it moved Argentina's capital of Buenos Aires about 2.5&nbsp;cm (1&nbsp;in) to the west.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7403578/Chile-earthquake-moved-city-of-Concepcion-10ft-to-the-west.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Chile earthquake moved city of Concepcion 10ft to the west | date=9 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> Several cities south of Cobquecura were also raised, by up to 3 meters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18655|title=Satellite Images Show That Talcahuano "Grew" 1.5 Meters Higher As A Result of Earthquake |last=van der Horst|first=Loretta|date=21 April 2010|work=Santiago Times|access-date=1 May 2010}}</ref> The maximum recorded [[peak ground acceleration]] was at Concepcion, with a value of 0.65 ''g'' (6.38&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>).<ref>{{cite conference |title=Lessons from the 2010 Chilean earthquake and its impact on electricity supply |last1=Araneda |first1=J.C. |last2=Rudnick |first2=H. |last3=Mocarquer |first3=S. |last4=Miguel |first4=P. |date=October 2010 |location=Hangzhou, China |conference=2010 International Conference on Power System Technology (Powercon 2010) |isbn=978-1-4244-5940-7|doi=10.1109/POWERCON.2010.5666023 }}</ref> The locality of [[Tirúa]] south of Concepción recorded a 180&nbsp;cm uplift relative to sea level as result of the earthquake, this is the highest known uplift of the coast resulting from the earthquake.<ref name=Quezadaetal2020>{{Cite journal|title=Unexpected coseismic surface uplift at Tirúa-Mocha Island area of south Chile before and during the Mw 8.8 Maule 2010 earthquake: a possible upper plate splay fault|journal=[[Andean Geology]]|url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V47n2-3057/pdf|last1=Quezada|first1=Jorge|volume=47|last2=Jaque|first2=Edilia|publisher=[[National Geology and Mining Service]]|issue=2|doi=10.5027/andgeoV47n2-3057|year=2020|last3=Catalán|first3=Nicole|last4=Belmonte|first4=Arturo|last5=Fernández|first5=Alfonso|last6=Isla|first6=Federico|page=295|doi-access=free}}</ref> This uplift made a large islet emerge at the mouth of [[Lebu River]].<ref name=Quezadaetal2020/> [[File:2010 Maule earthquake intensity USGS.jpg|thumb|USGS shake map of the earthquake]] === Compared with past earthquakes === {{see also|Earthquakes in 2010}} This was the strongest earthquake affecting Chile since the magnitude 9.5 [[1960 Valdivia earthquake]] (the most energetic earthquake ever measured in the world), and it was the strongest earthquake worldwide since the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] and until the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Tōhoku earthquake]].<ref name="usgs-strongest">{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical_mag.php |title=Historic World Earthquakes |work=Earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |date=23 November 2009 |access-date=27 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130143309/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/historical_mag.php |archive-date=30 January 2016 }}</ref> It is tied with the [[1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake|1906 Ecuador–Colombia]] and [[1833 Sumatra earthquake|1833 Sumatra]] earthquakes as the [[Lists of earthquakes#Largest earthquakes by magnitude|sixth strongest earthquake]] ever measured, approximately 500 times more powerful than the 7.0 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]] earthquake in Haiti one month prior [[2010 Haiti earthquake|in January 2010]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile-Haiti Earthquake Comparison: Chile Was More Prepared |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/27/chile-haiti-earthquake-co_n_479705.html|work=TheHuffingtonPost.com|date=2 May 2011| access-date= 2 May 2011 }}</ref> === Aftershocks === An [[aftershock]] of 6.2 was recorded 20&nbsp;minutes after the initial quake.<ref name="bbc 1">{{Citation |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/8540289.stm |title=Massive earthquake strikes Chile |work=[[BBC News]] |date=28 February 2010 | access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref name="usgs-list">[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_big.php Latest Earthquakes M5.0+ in the World] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124010921/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_big.php |date=24 November 2010 }}, by [[USGS]].</ref> Two more aftershocks of magnitudes 5.4 and 5.6 followed within an hour of the initial quake.<ref name="usgs-list"/> The [[USGS]] said that "a large vigorous aftershock sequence can be expected from this earthquake".<ref name="USGS"/> By 6 March [[UTC]], more than 130 aftershocks had been registered, including thirteen above magnitude 6.0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/10/285_-35.php |title=10-degree Map Centered at 35°S,75°W |last=USGS |first=Earthquake Hazards Program |date=6 March 2010 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=6 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418091552/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/10/285_-35.php |archive-date=18 April 2010 }}</ref> Shortly after the mainshock seismologists installed a dense network of seismometers along the whole rupture area. This network captured 20,000 aftershocks in the 6 months after the mainshock and shows a detailed picture of the structure of the Chilean margin.<ref name="lange">{{cite journal|last1=Lange|first1=D.|last2=Tilmann|first2=F.|last3=Barrientos|first3=S. E.|last4=Contreras-Reyes|first4=E.|last5=Methe|first5=P.|last6=Moreno|first6=M.|last7=Heit|first7=B.|last8=Agurto|first8=H.|last9=Bernard|first9=P.|last10=Vilotte|first10=J.-P.|last11=Beck|first11=S.|title=Aftershock Seismicity of the 27 February 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Earthquake Rupture Zone|date=January 2012| volume = 317-183 | doi = 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.034| journal = Earth and Planetary Science Letters | pages = 413–425|bibcode = 2012E&PSL.317..413L }}</ref> Seismicity is focused in the depth range 25–35&nbsp;km and in a deeper band of between 45 and 50&nbsp;km depth. Around 10.000 aftershocks occurred in the region of two large aftershocks in the [[Pichilemu]] region. A 6.9-magnitude offshore earthquake struck approximately 300 kilometers southwest of, and less than 90 minutes after, the initial shock; however, it is not clear if that quake is related to the main shock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfa7.php|title=Magnitude 6.9 – Off the coast of Bio-Bio, Chile|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=27 February 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200303/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfa7.php |archive-date=2 March 2010}}</ref> A separate [[2010 Salta earthquake|earthquake]] of magnitude 6.3 occurred in [[Salta]], Argentina, at 15:45 [[UTC]] on 27 February, at a depth of {{Convert|38.2|km|abbr=on}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfc3.php|title=Magnitude 6.3–SALTA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=27 February 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200417/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfc3.php |archive-date=2 March 2010}}</ref> two people were injured and one died in Salta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-02/28/c_13191160.htm |title=Chile's earthquake death toll rises to 214 |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> This earthquake was followed on 1 March, at 06:32 [[UTC]] by a magnitude 4.9 aftershock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010thaz.php|title=Magnitude 4.9–SALTA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=1 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304051252/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010thaz.php |archive-date=4 March 2010}}</ref> Four other earthquakes above M5.0, some possible aftershocks, also occurred near the border in Argentina following the Chile earthquake; a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred in [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] on 28 February, a M5.3 earthquake in [[Neuquen]] and a M5.2 in [[San Juan (Argentina)|San Juan]] on 2 March, and a M5.1 quake in Mendoza on 4 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tgbr.php|title=Magnitude 5.0–MENDOZA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=28 February 2010 |publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303144716/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tgbr.php |archive-date=3 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php|title=Magnitude 5.3–NEQUEN, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=2 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307215603/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php |archive-date=7 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tick.php|title=Magnitude 5.2–SAN JUAN, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=2 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305222235/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tick.php |archive-date=5 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php|title=Magnitude 5.1–MENDOZA, Argentina|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=4 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307215603/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php |archive-date=7 March 2010}}</ref> Another strong earthquake occurred on 4 March, at 22:39&nbsp;UTC in [[Antofagasta]] in northern Chile, with a magnitude of 6.3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkcs.php|title=Magnitude 6.3 – ANTOFAGASTA, Chile|last=USGS|first=Earthquake Hazards Program|date=4 March 2010|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=6 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308231340/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkcs.php |archive-date=8 March 2010}}</ref> Minor quakes generated by the main one could be felt as far away as [[São Paulo]], Brazil,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u699876.shtml|title=Estado de SP sente reflexo do terremoto de 8,8 graus registrado no Chile|date=27 February 2010|publisher=[[Folha de S.Paulo|Folha Online]]|language=pt|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> located about {{Convert|3000|km|abbr=on}} away from [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. Since the major earthquake, and as of 15 March, at least four to forty >M5.0 earthquakes have been recorded daily in the vicinity of the main earthquake,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_all.php |title=Latest Earthquakes in the World – Past 7 days |access-date=5 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413034305/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_all.php/ |archive-date=13 April 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> including four above magnitude 6.0 between 3 March and 6 March.<ref name="usgs-list"/> On 5 March, two aftershocks above M6.0 were reported. The first was a 6.3-magnitude off the coast of the [[Biobío Region]]. The second was near the epicenter of the original quake at 08:47 local time with a magnitude of 6.6.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/05/chile.earthquake/index.html |title=Strong aftershocks rattle Chile |publisher=CNN.com |date= 28 February 2010|access-date=5 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100307111612/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/05/chile.earthquake/index.html| archive-date= 7 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> On 11 March, the [[March 2010 Chile earthquake]] (magnitude 6.9, treated by some as an aftershock of the February 2010 earthquake) was reported, followed quickly by further aftershocks measuring 6.7 and 6.0. The epicenter of the 6.9 quake was in [[Pichilemu]], [[O'Higgins Region]].<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/11/AR2010031104761.html | work=The Washington Post | first=Juan | last=Forero | title=Aftershocks a reality check for Chilean President Sebastián Piñera | date=12 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tsa6.php#details Magnitude 6.9 LIBERTADOR O HIGGINS, CHILE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213071803/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tsa6.php |date=13 February 2013 }}, U.S. Geological Survey, Thurs., 11 March 2010, 11:39:44 at epicenter. This 6.9 aftershock/new earthquake (depending on how one looks at it) had an epicenter at 34.259 S, 71.929 W.</ref> On 15 March, two aftershocks of the February 2010 earthquake were reported, one at magnitude 6.2 at 08:08:28 local time offshore [[Maule Region|Maule]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000h9eg/executive |title=M 6.2 - offshore Maule, Chile |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 March 2010 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> and another at magnitude 6.7 with the epicenter located offshore the Biobío Region, near [[Cobquecura]], at 23:21:58 local time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000h9fs/executive |title=M 6.7 - offshore Bio-Bio, Chile |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 March 2010 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> This tremor was followed by two minor aftershocks, one occurring 45 minutes later, measuring M5.5. No tsunami was reported and there were no tsunami warnings issued. On 17 March, at 14:38:37 local time, an earthquake of magnitude 5.2 was recorded in [[Aisén Region|Aisén]], in Southern Chile.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tybd.php |title=Magnitude 5.2 – AISEN, CHILE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322192059/http://www.earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tybd.php |archive-date=22 March 2010}}</ref> Another magnitude 5.2 earthquake was recorded in [[Los Lagos Region|Los Lagos]] the next day. On 26 March, at 10:52:06 local time, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake hit the [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] region, in Northern Chile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010uhay.php|title=Magnitude 6.2 – ATACAMA, CHILE|last=Earthquakes|first=USGS|date=26 March 2010|work=Earthquake Hazards Program|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100329042835/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010uhay.php| archive-date= 29 March 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref> The [[Biobio Region]] of Chile has had strong aftershocks of this earthquake. The first one was a magnitude 6.7 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]] earthquake that struck off the coast of [[Biobío Region|Biobío]], [[Chile]], at 23:21 on 15 March 2010 at the [[epicenter]], at a depth of {{convert|18|km|mi|0}}. The second earthquake struck on land in the region at 22:58 ([[UTC]]) on 2 April 2010 at 5.9 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]] and at a depth of 39&nbsp;km. The third struck on 10:03 ([[UTC]]) on 23 April 2010 at 6.2 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010txai/#details|title=Magnitude 6.7 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE|publisher=USGS|date=26 March 2010|access-date=27 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100322191747/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010txai/| archive-date= 22 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] said that historical data indicates that this quake will not generate a tsunami but still advised of the possibility.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62F0DC20100316 |title=Aftershock hits off coast of Chile, no damage |publisher=Reuters |date=15 March 2010 |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323051336/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62F0DC20100316 |archive-date=23 March 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 3 May, at 19:09 a 6.4 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>W</sub>]] earthquake magnitude struck off [[Biobío Region|Biobío]], [[Chile]], at the [[epicenter]], at a depth of {{convert|20|km|mi|0}}. The epicenter was {{convert|55|km|mi|0}} south of [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vvcg.php|title=Magnitude 6.4 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE|publisher=USGS|date=3 May 2010|access-date=3 May 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100506003524/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vvcg.php| archive-date= 6 May 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref> On 14 July 2010, another 6.5 magnitude earthquake occurred in the area. === 2011 aftershocks === On 2 January at 17:20:18 local time, a 7.1 magnitude aftershock occurred 70 kilometers northwest of [[Temuco]], Chile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0000y49.php#details |title=Magnitude 7.1 – ARAUCANIA, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316004046/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0000y49.php |archive-date=16 March 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> On [[Lautaro, Chile|Lautaro]], [[Cañete, Chile|Cañete]], [[Nueva Imperial]], [[Traiguén]] and [[Carahue]] the quake was felt at intensity VI (strong) of the [[Mercalli intensity scale]]. In Temuco it was perceived at intensity V (moderate). In [[Talcahuano]], [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], [[Chillán]], [[Osorno, Chile|Osorno]] and [[Valdivia]] it shook at intensity IV (light).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0000y49/index.html |title=PAGER – M 7.1 – ARAUCANIA, CHILE |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |access-date=11 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105111849/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0000y49/index.html |archive-date=5 January 2011 }}</ref> According to the [[USGS]] the earthquake's epicenter was located on the ground, east of the coastal town of [[Tirúa]] in the [[Araucanía Region]]. However, according to the [[University of Chile]]'s Seismological Service, the seismic event was located 134 kilometers off the coast of Tirúa, measuring a magnitude 6.9 [[Richter magnitude scale|M<sub>L</sub>]]. The University of Chile also reported that the localities who received the strongest shaking (VI) were [[Curanilahue]], [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]] and [[Tirúa]]. In Concepción, Talcahuano and Temuco it was felt at intensity V, and in Chillán and Valdivia at intensity IV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2011/01/20110102201957.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909141239/http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2011/01/20110102201957.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 September 2012 |title=Informe de Sismo |publisher=Sismologia.cl |access-date=11 March 2011 }}</ref> A magnitude 6.2 M<sub>w</sub> aftershock struck the coast of [[Biobío Region|Biobío]], [[Chile]] at a shallow [[Hypocenter|depth]] of 15.1&nbsp;km (9.4&nbsp;mi) on 1 June 2011 at 08:55&nbsp;local time (12:55 &nbsp;[[UTC]]).<ref name=usgs_details>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdc.php |title=Magnitude 6.2 – Offshore Bio-Bio, Chile |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=1 June 2011 |publisher=[[USGS]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607141132/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdc.php |archive-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was centered just offshore [[Arauco Province]] near a moderately populated area, with most structures in its vicinity reported to be resistant to earthquake shaking. Strong shaking registering at VI on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] was felt in [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]], just 7&nbsp;km (4&nbsp;) south of the epicenter, lasting for approximately one minute.<ref name=pager1>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0003wdc/index.html|title=PAGER – Magnitude 6.2 – Offshore Bio-Bio, Chile|date=1 June 2011|access-date=1 June 2011|publisher=[[USGS]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110603230007/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0003wdc/index.html| archive-date= 3 June 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=duration>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/sismo-6-4-richter-afecto-a-4-regiones-de-chile-desde-el-maule-a-los-rios/noticias/2011-06-01/091836.html|title=Sismo 6,4 Richter afectó a 4 regiones de Chile: Desde el Maule a Los Ríos|date=1 June 2011|access-date=1 June 2011|work=[[La Nación]]|language=es}}</ref> Some residents in coastal areas panicked and evacuated their homes.<ref name=AFP>{{cite web|url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/strong-6-4-magnitude-quake-shakes-chile-134339465.html |title=Strong 6.4 magnitude quake shakes Chile |first=Frederick |last=Florin |agency=AFP|work=Yahoo! News |access-date=13 March 2020 |date=1 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604184025/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/strong-6-4-magnitude-quake-shakes-chile-134339465.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 }}</ref> The earthquake was followed by a moderate magnitude 5.1 M<sub>w</sub> tremor that occurred about 52 minutes later to the northeast of the main shock epicenter at an estimated depth of 26.9&nbsp;km (16.7&nbsp;mi).<ref name=aftershock>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdz.php|title=Magnitude 5.1 – Bio-Bio, Chile|date=1 June 2011|access-date=1 June 2011|publisher=[[USGS]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110607140853/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdz.php| archive-date= 7 June 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> Initial estimates from the [[USGS]] placed its intensity at a magnitude of 6.4 M<sub>w</sub>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_c0003wdc_h.html |title=Magnitude 6.4 offshore Bio-Bio, Chile |date=1 June 2011 |access-date=1 June 2011 |publisher=[[USGS]] |author=NEIC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611113101/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_c0003wdc_h.html |archive-date=11 June 2011 |df=dmy |author-link=National Earthquake Information Center }}</ref> === Geophysical impact === [[Seismologists]] estimate that the earthquake was so powerful that it may have shortened the length of the day by 1.26 [[microseconds]] and moved the Earth's figure axis by 2.7 milliarcseconds (about 8&nbsp;cm).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/earth-20100301.html |title=NASA – Chilean Quake May Have Shortened Earth Days |publisher=Nasa.gov |date=1 March 2010 |access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/features/earth-days-could-be-shorter-after-chilean-earthquake/story-e6frflor-1225836120460 |title=Earth days could be shorter after Chilean earthquake |publisher=News.com.au |date=22 July 2009 |access-date=2 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100303223321/http://www.news.com.au/features/earth-days-could-be-shorter-after-chilean-earthquake/story-e6frflor-1225836120460| archive-date= 3 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Precise [[GPS]] measurement indicated the telluric movement moved the entire city of Concepción {{convert|3.04|m|ft}} to the west. The capital [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] experienced a displacement of almost {{convert|24|cm|in}} west, and even [[Buenos Aires]], about {{convert|1350|km|mi}} from Concepción,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html?n=51 |title=Cities located close to Buenos Aires|publisher=timeanddate.com |access-date=13 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100131165504/http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html?n=51| archive-date= 31 January 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> shifted {{convert|4|cm|in}}.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=27 August 2019|title=Chile quake moved city 3 metres west|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-09/chile-quake-moved-city-3-metres-west/355870|date=9 March 2010|website=[[ABC Online|ABC News]]}}</ref><ref>[http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilequakemap.htm Researchers Show How Far South American Cities Moved In Quake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720024602/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/chilequakemap.htm |date=20 July 2011 }}. Retrieved 9 March 2010.</ref> It is estimated that Chile's territory could have expanded {{convert|1.2|km2}} as a result.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18830:chile-ugrows-12-square-kilometers-as-a-result-of-february-27-earthquake&catid=1:other&Itemid=38|title=Chile ¨Grows" 1.2 Square Kilometers As A Result Of 27 February Earthquake|publisher=[[The Santiago Times]]|date=12 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019194846/http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18830:chile-ugrows-12-square-kilometers-as-a-result-of-february-27-earthquake&catid=1:other&Itemid=38|archive-date=19 October 2010}}</ref> The earthquake also caused [[seiche]]s to occur in [[Lake Pontchartrain]] to the north of [[New Orleans]], United States, located nearly {{convert|7500|km|mi}} from the epicenter of the quake.<ref name="WeatherChannel">{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/0227-quake-perspective_2010-02-27 |title=How strong & rare was quake? |last=Erdman |first=Jonathan |date=27 February 2010 |publisher=The Weather Channel |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405003158/http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/0227-quake-perspective_2010-02-27 |archive-date=5 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In [[Antarctica]] a series of [[icequake]]s were triggered by the 2010 earthquake in Chile.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Antarctic icequakes triggered by the 2010 Mauleearthquake in Chile|journal=[[Nature Geoscience]]|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Douglas-Wiens-2/publication/269403331_Antarctic_icequakes_triggered_by_the_2010_Maule_earthquake_in_Chile/links/548a0e090cf2d1800d7aa7a2/Antarctic-icequakes-triggered-by-the-2010-Maule-earthquake-in-Chile.pdf|last=Peng|first=Zhigang|date=2014-08-10|last2=Walter|first2=Jacob I.|doi=10.1038/NGEO221|last3=Aster|first3=Richard C.|last4=Nyblade|first4=Andrew|last5=Wiens|first5=Douglas A.|last6=Anandakrishnan|first6=Sridhar}}</ref> == Damage and casualties == People were found dead after the earthquake struck, mostly under buildings and inside cars. Many people were also seriously injured. Most injuries were reported in Santiago and Maule. According to an [[Associated Press Television News]] cameraman, some buildings collapsed in [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] and there were power outages in parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=8.8-magnitude earthquake hits central Chile |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2010/02/27/88-magnitude-earthquake-hits-central-chile-ph/ |work=Portland Press Herald |agency=Associated Press |location=Portland, Maine |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> A fire was reported in a chemical plant on the outskirts of Santiago and caused the evacuation of the neighborhood.<ref name="bbc 1" /> Santiago's [[Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|International Airport]] seemed to have been damaged and the airport authority closed off all flight operations for 24&nbsp;hours from around 12:00 UTC.<ref name="reuters 1" /> On Sunday, 28 February, Ricardo Ortega, head of the [[Chilean Air Force]], said commercial airline services had been partially re-established and aircraft were being allowed to land in Santiago.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/01/chile-military-earthquake-cities-looting | location=London | work=The Guardian | first1=Jonathan | last1=Franklin | first2=Adam | last2=Gabbatt | title=Chilean military takes control of quake-hit cities | date=1 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> Santiago's national Fine Arts Museum was badly damaged and did not reopen until 9 March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dibam.cl/bellas_artes/contenido.asp?id_contenido=798&id_submenu=1241&id_menu=18|language=es|title=Información al visitante|access-date=10 March 2010|quote=Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes agradece las expresiones de apoyo y comprensión luego del terremoto que afectó su funcionamiento durante la semana pasada. Nos complace informar que reabriremos nuestras puertas el martes 9 de marzo en horario habitual.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209232331/http://www.dibam.cl/bellas_artes/contenido.asp?id_contenido=798&id_submenu=1241&id_menu=18|archive-date=9 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> An apartment building's two-story parking lot collapsed, wrecking 68 cars. According to one health official, three hospitals in Santiago collapsed, and a dozen more south of the capital also suffered significant damage.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35615455/ns/world_news-chile_earthquake/ |title=Massive quake hits Chile, triggers tsunami |date=27 February 2010 |work=[[MSNBC]] |access-date=27 February 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301120606/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35615455/ns/world_news-chile_earthquake/| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref> <gallery> File:Casa Pelluhue tras terremoto 2010.jpg|House uprooted to the streets of Pelluhue after the tsunami. File:Chile Earthquake 2010 - Maipú 1.JPG|A severely damaged building in [[Maipú, Chile|Maipú]], Santiago. File:Canal ifarle tsunami.jpg|Tsunami in Talcahuano, [[Biobío Region]]. File:Vespucio Norte Highway after 2010 earthquake.jpg|Collapsed Vespucio Norte Express Highway in Santiago. File:2010 Chile earthquake - Carretera de la fruta.jpg|Fruit Road, [[O'Higgins Region]]. </gallery> In Valparaíso, a tsunami wave of 1.29 m was reported. The port of Valparaíso was ordered to be closed due to the damage caused by the earthquake. The port started to resume limited operations on 28 February.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN01241664._CH_.2420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130143309/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN01241664._CH_.2420 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 January 2016 |title=Chile ports resume operations after quake—union |work=Reuters |date=1 March 2010 | first=Alonso | last=Soto| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> In [[Viña del Mar]], a touristic city and part of [[Greater Valparaíso]], several buildings were structurally damaged, principally in the district Plan de Viña.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://diarioelobservador.cl/1951-Esperan_entrega_de_estudios_estructurales_de_departamentos_da_ntilde_ados_en_Vi_ntilde_a.html |title=Esperan entrega de estudios estructurales de departamentos dañados en Viña |newspaper=El Observador |date=4 March 2010 |access-date=11 April 2011 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010000/http://diarioelobservador.cl/1951-Esperan_entrega_de_estudios_estructurales_de_departamentos_da_ntilde_ados_en_Vi_ntilde_a.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 }}.</ref> Many cities in Maule region were seriously affected by the earthquake which triggered more than 1000 landslides, a significant contributor to earthquake fatalities. Mapped from satellite images, most landslides occurring in the Principal Andean [[Cordillera]] and a constrained area on the [[Arauco Peninsula]]. Curanipe, only 8&nbsp;km (5&nbsp;mi) from the epicenter, was hit by a [[tsunami]] after the earthquake and still remained isolated from outside as of 28 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasegunda.com/ediciononline/cronica/detalle/index.asp?idnoticia=541275 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100405092013/http://www.lasegunda.com/ediciononline/cronica/detalle/index.asp?idnoticia=541275 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 April 2010 |title=index |publisher=Lasegunda.com |date=29 September 2006 |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> A surfer said the tsunami "...was [[Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Thailand|like the one in Thailand]], a sudden rise of water. One could not estimate the dimension of the wave, because it was advancing foam. There were 10 to 15 rises, the last one being at 08:30 in the morning."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/surfista-que-sobrevivio-en-curanipe--el-maremoto-se-parecio-al-que-hubo-en-tailandia/prontus_nots/2010-02-28/205555.html |title=Surfista que sobrevivió en Curanipe: El maremoto se pareció al que hubo en Tailandia |publisher=Cooperativa.cl |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> In [[Talca]], the capital of Maule region, many dead were trapped in the rubble. The administrative building was uninhabitable, and the authorities had to be set up in the parade ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/ansalatina/notizie/notiziari/chile/20100227145035036363.html |title=Ansalatina – CHILE: MAS DE 30 MUERTOS EN TALCA |publisher=ansa.it |access-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302150010/http://www.ansa.it/ansalatina/notizie/notiziari/chile/20100227145035036363.html |archive-date=2 March 2010 }}</ref> All but two of the local hospital's thirteen wings were in ruins. Dr. Claudio Martínez was quoted as saying, "We're only keeping the people in danger of dying." Hospital staff attempted to transport some patients to Santiago on Sunday morning, but roads were blocked.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/americas/01chile.html?pagewanted=2 | work=The New York Times | first=Marc | last=Lacey | title=Frantic Rescue Efforts in Chile as Troops Seek to Keep Order | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> Damaged buildings and fires were reported in Concepción.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniverso.com/2010/02/27/1/1361/terremoto-85-grados-deja-muertos-chile.html?p=1354&m=1835 |title=Terremoto de 8,8 grados deja unos 214 muertos en Chile |publisher=El Universo |date=27 February 2001 |access-date=28 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301083005/http://www.eluniverso.com/2010/02/27/1/1361/terremoto-85-grados-deja-muertos-chile.html?p=1354&m=1835| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Rescue teams had difficulty accessing Concepción because of the damaged infrastructure.<ref name="bbc 1" /> The fifteen-story residential building "Alto Río" fell backwards, horizontally lay on the ground, and trapped many of the residents. As the building was newly completed, 19 of the apartments were occupied and 36 were unknown if there were residents therein.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.larepublica.pe/internacionales/01/03/2010/destruccion-de-flamantes-condominios-en-chile-despierta-suspicacias |title=DestrucciĂłn de flamantes condominios en Chile despierta suspicacias |publisher=LaRepublica.pe |date=23 January 2009 |access-date=2 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404020936/http://www.larepublica.pe/internacionales/01/03/2010/destruccion-de-flamantes-condominios-en-chile-despierta-suspicacias |archive-date=4 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elinmobiliario.cl/proyecto/ficha.aspx?qs=18148&validacion=1 |title=Ficha Condominio Alto Río – Departamentos en Concepción |publisher=elinmobiliario.cl |access-date=2 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=123.cl – ENTEL. |url=http://noticias.123.cl/entel123/html/Tele13/Noticias/Regiones/Concepcion/397990.html |title=El sitio de Noticias del 123.cl|language=es|trans-title=The news of the 123.cl site|publisher=NOTICIAS.123.CL |access-date=2 March 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100305073531/http://noticias.123.cl/entel123/html/Tele13/Noticias/Regiones/Concepcion/397990.html|archive-date=5 March 2010}}</ref> A 2.34&nbsp;m (7.68&nbsp;ft) tsunami wave hit [[Talcahuano]], a port city and part of the [[Greater Concepción|Concepción conurbation]]. The tsunami caused serious damage to port facilities and lifted boats out of the water.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N27115230.htm |work=Reuters AlertNet |title=Chile port town badly damaged by tsunami |date=27 February 2010 | access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> In the fishing town of [[Dichato]], which has 7,000 residents, it was the third tsunami wave that ended up being the most damaging.<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2010/0302/1224265432904.html 'The last wave almost wiped the village off the map'], The Irish Times – Tuesday, 2 March 2010.</ref> Dilapidated buildings could be seen on the streets of [[Temuco]], about 400&nbsp;km (250&nbsp;mi) from the epicenter. The adobe of some buildings fell. Façades fell in pieces and crushed cars. Two people were reported dead because of not having been able to escape from a nightclub. On 27 February, it was reported that "to find an open business is almost impossible" ("Encontrar un negocio abierto es casi imposible").<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.cronicalibre.cl/index.php/nacionales/2448-sin-agua-ni-luz-se-mantiene-temuco-bajo-constantes-movimientos-teluricos |title=Sin agua ni luz se mantiene Temuco bajo constantes movimientos telúricos |work=CronicaLibre.cl |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=11 April 2011 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005940/http://www.cronicalibre.cl/index.php/nacionales/2448-sin-agua-ni-luz-se-mantiene-temuco-bajo-constantes-movimientos-teluricos |archive-date=7 July 2011 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Carmen De Carlos |url=http://www.abc.es/20100228/internacional-iberoamerica/temuco-sombra-luna-201002281135.html |title=Temuco, a la sombra de la luna – Internacional_Iberoamerica – Internacional |publisher=ABC.es |date= 27 February 2010|access-date=2 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100407104408/http://www.abc.es/20100228/internacional-iberoamerica/temuco-sombra-luna-201002281135.html| archive-date= 7 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The earthquake also triggered more than 1000 landslides mapped from satellite images <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Serey|first=A.|date=January 2017|title=Landslide inventory of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, Central Chile|url=http://www.wcee.nicee.org/wcee/article/16WCEE/WCEE2017-1873.pdf|journal=16th World Conference on Earthquake, 16WCEE 2017}}</ref> with most landslides occurring in the Principal Andean Cordillera and a constrained area on the Arauco Peninsula<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Serey|first1=Alejandra|last2=Piñero-Feliciangeli|first2=Laura|last3=Sepúlveda|first3=Sergio A.|last4=Poblete|first4=Fernando|last5=Petley|first5=David N.|last6=Murphy|first6=William|date=2019-06-01|title=Landslides induced by the 2010 Chile megathrust earthquake: a comprehensive inventory and correlations with geological and seismic factors|journal=Landslides|language=en|volume=16|issue=6|pages=1153–1165|doi=10.1007/s10346-019-01150-6|s2cid=134371320|issn=1612-5118|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/142500/3/Serey%20et%20al%202019.pdf}}</ref> Landslides are a significant contributor to earthquake fatalities. In Chile, 370,000 homes were damaged.<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/rescue-efforts-ramp-up-in-chile-mines-affected-2010-02-28?reflink=MW_news_stmp Rescue efforts continue in Chile, mining industry impacted], Market Watch, 28 Feb 2010, 12:52 p.m. EST.</ref> The final death toll of 525 victims and 25 people missing was announced by authorities in January 2011.<ref name="muertos" /> This is down from early reports on 3 March of 802 people dead.<ref name="mostrador">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2010/03/03/ya-suman-802-los-fallecidos-por-el-terremoto-y-tsunami/ |title=Ya suman 802 los fallecidos por el terremoto y tsunami |publisher=Elmostrador.cl |date= 4 March 2010|access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> The Chilean National Emergency Office (''[[ONEMI|Oficina Nacional de Emergencia]]'') estimated that the intensity of the earthquake was 9 on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]] in the [[Biobío Region]] and 8 in Santiago.<ref name="bbc 1"/><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.mdzol.com/mdz/nota/193225-Bachellet-confirm%C3%B3-que-hay-cinco-muertos-por-el-sismo-en-Chile/ |title=Bachellet confirmó que hay cinco muertos por el sismo en Chile |work=mdz online |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620053559/http://www.mdzol.com/mdz/nota/193225-Bachellet-confirm%C3%B3-que-hay-cinco-muertos-por-el-sismo-en-Chile/ |archive-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}. {{in lang|es}}</ref> USGS put the intensity in [[Talcahuano]] at [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|MM]] VIII, in Santiago and Concepción at MM VII and in Valparaíso at MM VI.<ref name = pager/> On 10 March, Swiss Reinsurance Co. estimated that the Chilean quake would cost the insurance industry between 4 and 7 billion dollars. The same estimate was echoed by the rival German-based Munich Re AG.<ref name="AP"/> <gallery align="center"> File:Terremoto Chile 2010-Incendio fabrica plastico.jpg|Fire at a plastics plant, [[Santiago, Chile]]. File:2010 Chile earthquake - Hospital of Temuco.jpg|''Hernán Henríquez Hospital'' of Temuco had to be evacuated after the earthquake. File:2010 Chile earthquake - Car destroyed in Temuco.jpg|A car crushed by the rubble of a collapsed building in [[Temuco]]. </gallery> === Modified Mercalli intensities for some localities === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Locality !! Country !! USGS<ref name=cities>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html#cities |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130630121236/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html |archive-date=30 June 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> !! SS<ref name="sismologia"/> !! Population<ref name =cities /> |- | [[Angol]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 45k |- | [[Antofagasta]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || II || |- | [[Arauco, Chile|Arauco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 25k |- | [[Buín]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 55k |- | [[Bulnes, Chile|Bulnes]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 13k |- | [[Cabrero, Chile|Cabrero]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 18k |- | [[Calama, Chile|Calama]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || II || |- | [[Cañete, Chile|Cañete]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 20k |- | [[Carahue]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 12k |- | [[Cauquenes]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 31k |- | [[Chiguayante]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 83k |- | [[Chillán]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 150k |- | [[Chimbarongo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 17k |- | [[Coihueco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 7k |- | [[Collipulli]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 16k |- | [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || IX || 215k |- | [[Constitución, Chile|Constitución]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 38k |- | [[Copiapó]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III || |- | [[Coquimbo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || V || |- | [[Coronel, Chile|Coronel]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 93k |- | [[Corral]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || V || || 4k |- | [[Curanilahue]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 31k |- | [[Curicó]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 102k |- | [[Cutral-Co]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 47k |- | [[El Monte, Chile|El Monte]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 23k |- | [[Freire, Chile|Freire]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 8k |- | [[General Roca]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || IV || || 73k |- | [[Graneros]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 23k |- | [[La Calera (Chile)|La Calera]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 49k |- | [[Huayco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III || |- | [[Illapel]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 23k |- | [[Laja, Chile|Laja]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 17k |- | [[La Ligua]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 25k |- | [[La Unión, Chile|La Unión]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 26k |- | [[Lampa, Chile|Lampa]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 29k |- | Las Ánimas || || VI || || 30k |- | Las Gaviotas || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 2k |- | [[Lautaro, Chile|Lautaro]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[Lebu, Chile|Lebu]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[Limache]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 36k |- | [[Linares, Chile|Linares]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 70k |- | [[Llaillay]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 17k |- | [[Loncoche]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 16k |- | [[Longaví]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 6k |- | [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 57k |- | [[Los Ángeles, Bío Bío|Los Ángeles]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 125k |- | [[Lota, Chile|Lota]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 50k |- | [[Machali]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 28k |- | [[Melipilla]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 63k |- | [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 877k |- | [[Molina, Chile|Molina]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 29k |- | [[Mulchén]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[Nacimiento, Chile|Nacimiento]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 21k |- | [[Neuquén]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || IV || || 242k |- | [[Nueva Imperial]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 19k |- | [[Osorno, Chile|Osorno]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 136k |- | [[Paine, Chile|Paine]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 33k |- | [[Panguipulli]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 16k |- | [[Parral, Chile|Parral]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 27k |- | [[Peñaflor, Chile|Peñaflor]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 66k |- | [[Penco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 46k |- | [[Pitrufquen]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 14k |- | [[Puerto Montt]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || V || |- | [[Quillota]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 68k |- | [[Quilpué]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 130k |- | [[Rancagua]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 213k |- | [[Rengo, Chile|Rengo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 38k |- | [[Río Bueno, Chile|Río Bueno]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || V || || 15k |- | [[Salamanca, Chile|Salamanca]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 13k |- | [[San Antonio, Chile|San Antonio]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 86k |- | [[San Bernardo, Chile|San Bernardo]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 250k |- | [[San Carlos, Chile|San Carlos]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 32k |- | [[San Clemente]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 14k |- | [[San Felipe, Chile|San Felipe]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 59k |- | [[San Javier, Chile|San Javier]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 22k |- | [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 447k |- | [[San Luis, Argentina|San Luis]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 184k |- | [[San Martín de los Andes|San Martín]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 83k |- | [[San Rafael, Mendoza|San Rafael]] || {{flagu|Argentina}} || V || || 109k |- | [[San Vicente, Chile|San Vicente]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 23k |- | [[Santa Cruz, Chile|Santa Cruz]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 33k |- | [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 4,837k |- | [[Talagante]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 52k |- | [[Talca]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 197k |- | [[Talcahuano]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 253k |- | [[Temuco]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VIII || 238k |- | [[Teno]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 7k |- | [[Tierra Amarilla, Chile|Tierra Amarilla]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III || |- | [[Tomé]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VIII || || 47k |- | [[Traiguén]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 14k |- | [[Valdivia]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || VI || 133k |- | [[Valparaíso]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VI || 282k |- | [[Victoria, Chile|Victoria]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 25k |- | [[Vicuña, Chile|Vicuña]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || || III-IV || |- | [[Vilcún]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 9k |- | [[Villa Alemana]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 97k |- | [[Villarrica, Chile|Villarrica]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VI || || 32k |- | [[Viña del Mar]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || VI || 295k |- | [[Yumbel]] || {{flagu|Chile}} || VII || || 11k |} <small>Notes: USGS=United States Geological Survey, SS=Chile's Seismological Service.</small> === Identified fatalities === The records of deaths were reported by a number of different agencies at different figures immediately after the earthquake. The official total is 525 dead, 25 missing<ref name="muertos"/> not all of which are identified in the table below. <div style="text-align: center;"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Deaths caused by the earthquake and tsunami by region<ref group="note">The numbers were given by Chilean National Emergency Office (ONEMI) until 3. March. Up 14. March the [[Ministry of the Interior (Chile)|Ministry of the Interior]].</ref> |- style="background:#eaeaea;" ! Region ! 27. February<ref name="onemi27-2">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3807&Itemid=1919 |title=Sismo mayor intensidad (Actualización) |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306021009/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3807&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=6 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 28. February<ref name="onemi28">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3809&Itemid=1919 |title=Situación regional. (Actualiza información) |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304053702/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3809&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=4 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 1. March<ref name="onemi01">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3810&Itemid=1919 |title=Situación terremoto zona centro sur (Actualiza reporte) |date=1 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306021020/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3810&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=6 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 2. March<ref name="onemi02">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3815&Itemid=1919 |title=Gestión ONEMI en terreno |date=2 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306021334/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3815&Itemid=1919 |archive-date=6 March 2010 }}</ref> ! 3. March<ref name="onemi03">{{cite web|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Emergencia |url=http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3816&Itemid=1969 |title=Cursos de acción en atención a zonas afectadas |date=3 March 2010 |access-date=3 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307222908/http://www.onemi.cl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3816&Itemid=1969 |archive-date=7 March 2010 }}</ref> ! style="border-left: 2px #aaa solid;" | 4. March<ref name="lista1">[http://olivia.canal13.cl/medios/data/Tele13/primer_listado_de_fallecidos_1.pdf Primer listado de víctimas identificadas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005850/http://olivia.canal13.cl/medios/data/Tele13/primer_listado_de_fallecidos_1.pdf |date=7 July 2011 }}, Subsecretaría del Interior, 4 de marzo de 2010, retrieved 04/March/2010</ref> ! 5. March<ref name="tercera05">[http://www.tercera.com/contenido/680_231534_9.shtml Víctimas fatales identificadas se elevan a las 452 personas] on 5 de marzo de 2010, retrieved 06/March/2010</ref> ! 8. March<ref name="lista2">[http://www.interior.gov.cl/filesapp/lista_oficial_fallecidos.pdf Lista oficial de fallecidos, fecha=8 de marzo de 2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330232950/http://www.interior.gov.cl/filesapp/lista_oficial_fallecidos.pdf |date=30 March 2010 }}, Subsecretaría del Interior, retrieved 08/March/2010</ref> |- |<span style="display:none">050</span>[[Valparaíso Region|Valparaíso]] | style="text-align:right;"| 4 | style="text-align:right;"| 16 | style="text-align:right;"| 16 | style="text-align:right;"| 18 | style="text-align:right;"| 20 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 16 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 24 |- |<span style="display:none">055</span>[[Región Metropolitana de Santiago|Metropolitana]] | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 36 | style="text-align:right;"| 38 | style="text-align:right;"| 38 | style="text-align:right;"| 38 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 21 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 23 |- |<span style="display:none">060</span>[[O'Higgins Region|O'Higgins]] | style="text-align:right;"| 12 | style="text-align:right;"| 46 | style="text-align:right;"| 48 | style="text-align:right;"| 48 | style="text-align:right;"| 48 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 3 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 46 |- |<span style="display:none">070</span>[[Maule Region|Maule]] | style="text-align:right;"| 34 | style="text-align:right;"| 541 | style="text-align:right;"| 544 | style="text-align:right;"| 587 | style="text-align:right;"| 587 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 177 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 269 |- |<span style="display:none">080</span>[[Biobio Region|Biobio]] | style="text-align:right;"| 10 | style="text-align:right;"| 64 | style="text-align:right;"| 64 | style="text-align:right;"| 92 | style="text-align:right;"| 92 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 56 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 120 |- |<span style="display:none">090</span>[[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]] | style="text-align:right;"| 5 | style="text-align:right;"| 5 | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 14 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 6 | style="text-align:right;"| | style="text-align:right;"| 15 |- class="sortbottom" style="background:#eaeaea;" | '''National total''' | style="text-align:right;"| 78 | style="text-align:right;"| 708 | style="text-align:right;"| 723 | style="text-align:right;"| 796 | style="text-align:right;"| 799 | style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;"| 279 | style="text-align:right;"| 452 | style="text-align:right;"| 497 |}</div>[[File:Víctimas del terremoto de Chile de 2010.svg|center|500px|Geographic distribution of the death toll (red: caused by the earthquake; blue: caused by the tsunami).]] === Population with destroyed or severely damaged homes === The table below shows the percentage of the regional population whose homes were destroyed or were severely damaged by the earthquake and tsunami in the six most affected regions. The data were collected between May and June 2010. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Region<br/>(north to south) !! Percentage of<br/>regional population |- | [[Valparaíso Region|Valparaíso]] || style="text-align:center;"| 7.4 |- | [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago]] || style="text-align:center;"| 4.8 |- | [[O'Higgins Region|O'Higgins]] || style="text-align:center;"| 12.2 |- | [[Maule Region|Maule]] || style="text-align:center;"| 20.7 |- | [[Biobío Region|Biobío]] || style="text-align:center;"| 17.8 |- | [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]] || style="text-align:center;"| 5.1 |- ! Total (six regions) || 8.8 |} <small>'''Source:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807122915/http://www.mideplan.gob.cl/encuesta-post-terremoto/documentos/informe-encuesta-post-terremoto.pdf Casen Post-Earthquake Survey], Ministry of Planning.</small> == Humanitarian response == {{Main|Humanitarian response to the 2010 Chile earthquake|Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake}} Despite President [[Michelle Bachelet]]'s earlier statement that Chile would only ask for international aid once it had assessed the extent of the damage,<ref name="Impulsobaires"/> leaders of many countries and intergovernmental organizations, including the United Nations and [[European Union]], responded to the earthquake and sent messages of condolence to the government and people of Chile over the loss of lives and property. [[Argentina]], [[Mexico]], the United States, United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, Singapore, [[Haiti]], and [[Pakistan]] were among the countries that responded earliest following the quake.<ref name="xinhuanet1">{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-02/28/c_13191071.htm|title=Int'l community offers sympathy, aid to quake-stricken Chile |date=28 February 2010|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=97466&Itemid=2 Associated Press of Pakistan: ''President Saddened by Chile Earthquake; Conveys Solidarity to Govt, People of Chile''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130012932/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=97466&Itemid=2 |date=30 November 2011 }}. Retrieved 27 February 2010.</ref> Appeals for [[humanitarian aid]] were issued by the UK-based [[Oxfam]], [[Save the Children]] and others. Chilean television host [[Don Francisco (television host)|Don Francisco]] led a [[telethon]] called ''[[Chile helps Chile]]'' with the goal of raising 15 billion [[Chilean peso|pesos]] (about US$29 million) needed to build 30,000 emergency houses ("[[mediagua]]s"). The charity event, which ran for 24 hours in Santiago starting on Friday 5 March at 22:00, was summoned by the government and organized by several Chilean NGOs. At 23:00 on Saturday the goal was doubled, collecting 30.2 billion pesos (about US$58 million).<ref name="details">{{cite web|url=http://www.latercera.com/contenido/661_230917_9.shtml |date=4 March 2010 |publisher=[[La Tercera]] |title=Así será el programa de televisión Chile Ayuda a Chile. |access-date=4 March 2010 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713185307/http://www.latercera.com/contenido/661_230917_9.shtml |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref> The Chilean NGO [[Un Techo para Chile]] constructed 23,886 transitional houses for families affected by the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.untechoparachile.cl/?page_id%3D1229 |title=Página de inicio |access-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501063948/http://www.untechoparachile.cl/?page_id=1229 |archive-date=1 May 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> == Conditions in the aftermath == === Chaos and disorder === Nearly half the places in the country were declared "catastrophe zones", and curfews were imposed in some areas of looting and public disorder.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/centenares-de-personas-saquearon-supermercado-en-concepcion/prontus_nots/2010-02-28/093816.html|title=Centenares de personas saquearon supermercado en Concepción|date=28 February 2010|publisher=cooperativa.cl|access-date=28 February 2010}}</ref> On 28 February 2010, a day after the earthquake, some affected cities were chaotic, with extensive looting of [[supermarkets]] in [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]]. Items stolen included not only food and other necessities, but also electronic goods and other durable merchandise. To control vandalism, a special force of [[Carabineros de Chile|''carabineros'']] (police) was sent to disperse rioters with [[tear gas]] and water cannons.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100228/83563/Turba-saquea-varios-supermercados-en-Chile-tras-caos-generado-por-el-sismo-de-88-grados-de-magnitud |title=Turba saquea varios supermercados en Chile tras caos generado por el sismo de 8.8 grados de magnitud |date=28 February 2010 |publisher=Peru.com |access-date=28 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303122838/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100228/83563/Turba-saquea-varios-supermercados-en-Chile-tras-caos-generado-por-el-sismo-de-88-grados-de-magnitud |archive-date=3 March 2010 }}</ref> However, measures were taken late. The outgoing president didn't want to remind people of the Dictatorship years by militarizing the streets, thus failed to provide assistance on time to the city.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} When the situation became unsustainable and all sectors of the population were demanding actions, the government authorized the use of the military to control the affected cities. Despite these and other government acts (including the [[curfew]]s), pillaging continued in both urban and rural areas of the affected zones.<ref name="Ya son 723">{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83678/Ya-son-723-los-muertos-por-el-fuerte-terremoto-de-88-grados-que-destruyo-gran-parte-de-Chile |title=Ya son 723 los muertos por el fuerte terremoto de 8.8 grados que destruyó gran parte de Chile |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Peru.com |access-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808211411/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83678/Ya-son-723-los-muertos-por-el-fuerte-terremoto-de-88-grados-que-destruyo-gran-parte-de-Chile |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> Reportedly, military police arrested 160 in Concepción on 1 and 2 March.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8542789.stm | work=BBC News | title=Chile troops tackle quake looters | date=1 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Tsunami damage in Pichilemu, Chile (27 Feb. 2010).jpg|thumb|left|Kiosks destroyed by the tsunami in [[Pichilemu]].]] In Concepción, despite the militarization of the zone, mobs continued to steal from supermarkets and went as far as to set one store ablaze.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83810/Saqueos-y-violencia-azotan-Chile-tras-terremoto-de-88-grados- |title=Saqueos y violencia azotan Chile tras terremoto de 8.8 grados |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Peru.com |access-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305060507/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83810/Saqueos-y-violencia-azotan-Chile-tras-terremoto-de-88-grados- |archive-date=5 March 2010 }}</ref> The government warned looters they would face the full weight of the law, as penalties for stealing are increased under a state of catastrophe. A week after the quake the police—tipped by neighbors—arrested three people with massive quantities of looted goods stashed in their homes. Other looted goods such as mattresses, furniture, television sets and other electronic appliances were abandoned in the streets of Concepción during the following days.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7397527/Chile-earthquake-looters-return-1.3-million-of-stolen-goods.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Chile earthquake: looters return £1.3 million of stolen goods | date=8 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> [[File:Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Earthquake in Chile.jpg|right|thumb|The damaged [[Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts|Museum of Fine Arts]]|200px]] According to the [[BBC]] on 5 March, the city and fishing port of [[Talcahuano]], which lies but a few kilometers down the coast from Concepción, has been left largely to fend for itself. Neighbourhood vigilante groups, including one led by a public works employee with a gun license, and the few police present allow such behavior as residents' siphoning fuel from tanks at a petrol station, but step in if someone starts to attack a cash machine. One man stated, "I've personally saved dozens of people from attack in this apartment block."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8550960.stm|title=Lawlessness after quake in Chile fishing village|publisher=BBC|author=Will Grant|date=5 March 2010|access-date=5 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100306053307/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8550960.stm| archive-date= 6 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Chileans living in regions not affected by the earthquake (including those living abroad) also grieved, as they sought to learn more regarding kinsmen and friends affected by the earthquake. In the hardest-hit zones there was no communication with the exterior because of the failure of electricity and the destruction of telephone lines.<ref name="Ya son 723"/> === Prison escape === In the prison of [[El Manzano (prison)|El Manzano]] in Concepción, a [[prison riot]] began after a failed escape attempt by the inmates. Different parts of the prison were set afire and the riot was brought under control only after the guards shot into the air and received help from military units.<ref name=elmerc>[[El Mercurio]], 1 March. Cuerpo C, page C13</ref> By 1 March, prison guards in a prison in [[Chillán]] had recaptured 36 of 203 prisoners who had escaped following the earthquake. During their escape, prisoners burned seven houses close to the prison. A witness in [[Chillán]] asserted that he had been robbed by prisoners with a machine gun who had also forced his [[girlfriend]] to kiss them. Another witness alleged [[sexual abuse|sexual molestation]] by around twenty men who were believed to be escaped prisoners. The leading Chilean newspaper ''[[El Mercurio]]'' described the situation in Chillán as reminiscent of the "[[Wild West]]".<ref name=elmerc/> === Government response === Four hours after the earthquake, when the death count was still low, President Bachelet gave a press conference in which she informed the population of the situation and stated that Chile did not yet need international aid.<ref name="Impulsobaires">{{cite news|url=http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=86211|title=Turba Terremoto en Chile: Aumenta el número de fallecidos. Bachelet descartó tsunami, y dijo que no necesita ayuda internacional|date=27 February 2010|publisher=Impulsobaires.com|access-date=28 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407050658/http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=86211|archive-date=7 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, about two million people were affected by the quake with more than 500,000 houses uninhabitable. In many cities, people slept in tents, in parks or simply on the streets for fear of aftershocks. The government began distributing food and other vital aid around the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-01/chile-orders-curfew-amid-quake-chaos/346148?section=justin |date=28 February 2010 |title=Chile orders curfew amid quake chaos |access-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> On 28 February, President Bachelet said that her government had reached an agreement with the major supermarkets which would allow them to give away basic foodstuffs in stock to people affected by the earthquake.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/28/chile.quake/ | work=CNN | title=Security concerns spread as Chile quake death toll rises | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> By 28 February, the [[Santiago Metro]] rapid-transit network was already partially up and running and expected to be fully operative on the following day, 1 March.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/metro-comprometio-para-el-lunes-restablecimiento-total-del-servicio/prontus_nots/2010-02-28/121510.html |title=Balance: 160 personas fueron detenidas durante la noche |publisher=Cooperativa.cl |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> On 4 March, President-elect [[Sebastián Piñera]], who assumed office on 11 March, was quoted as saying that his goals were "to cope with the emergency needs of citizens, find people who are still missing, provide prompt and timely assistance to the sick and wounded, and restore law and order so that people can return to peace."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8550140.stm | work=BBC News | title=Rebuilding Chile 'to take years' | date=4 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> === Economic recovery === Authorities of the central port city of San Antonio speaking on 3 March 2010, stated that the port had returned to eighty percent of capacity. On the same date, Raul Maturana, a spokesman for the Federation of Port Workers' union, stated that the port of Valparaíso was operating normally. However, ports in southern Chile, which were closer to the epicenter, remained closed.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=aW.tGFQaicJs Chile’s San Antonio Port Returns to 80% Capacity (Update1)], Bloomberg, Rodrigo Orihuela(Buenos Aires) and James Attwood, 3 March 2010.</ref> On 4 March, President Bachelet said that Chile would need international loans and three to four years to rebuild.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSN03127528._CH_.2400 | archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100327004625/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN03127528._CH_.2400 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 27 March 2010 | work=Reuters | first=Terry | last=Wade | title=Chile wants loans, focuses on aid for quake areas | date=5 March 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> === Food scarcity === On 10 March the National Commission for Agricultural emergencies (CNEA) assured that milk and wheat prices would not rise, despite fears of lack of fuel supply for transport and harvest of these products. In the same CNEA report the mill associations of central and southern Chile are said to have expressed that they had currently no production difficulties.<ref>[http://www.sag.gob.cl/OpenNews/asp/pagDefault.asp?argInstanciaId=1&argNoticiaId=504&argEdicionId=9 Minagri anuncia que consecuencias de terremoto no afectarán abastecimiento de trigo y leche] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010339/http://www.sag.gob.cl/OpenNews/asp/pagDefault.asp?argInstanciaId=1&argNoticiaId=504&argEdicionId=9 |date=7 July 2011 }}, 10 March 2010.</ref> Despite this on 11 March newspaper [[La Segunda]] cited the president of the bakeries association complaining on unjustified price rises for flour, who said of cases of price rises of 10 to 20%.<ref>[http://www.la2da.cl/modulos/generacion/mobileASP/detailNew.asp?idNoticia=C4R1E70FT20100311&strNamePage=LUCSGEC26SG1103.jpg&codCuerpo=701&iNumPag=26&strFecha=2010-03-11&iPage=3&tipoPantalla=24 Molineros aseguran normal abastecimiento de harina, pero panaderos acusan alzas en precios], [[La Segunda]], 11 March 2010.</ref> The earthquake affected production at the [[Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas]] (CCU) and Cervecería Chile factories that together have a 90% share of the Chilean beer market. With an average annual per capita consumption of 36 liters, scarcity caused prices to rise from 990–1500 to 2000 [[Chilean peso]]s per litre. CCU responded by increasing capacity of their plant in [[Temuco]] that did not suffer major damage during the earthquake and by importing beer from their factories in Argentina. 50 trucks with beer are reported to have reached Santiago from Argentina. In March 2010, ten CCU executives said that the country will not run out of beer and that within two to three months production levels would be normalized.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rodrigo Bustamante Santiago de Chile |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/america_latina/2010/03/100309_0140_chile_sismo_cerveza_gz.shtml |title=El sismo hace escasear la cerveza en Chile |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> Liquor store owners expressed complaints regarding a beer [[rationing]] scheme implemented by CCU. The scarcity favored consumption of "premium beers" like [[Kunstmann]] and [[Paceña]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurioantofagasta.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100414/pags/20100414000505.html |title=Continúa la escasez de cerveza por terremoto |publisher=Mercurioantofagasta.cl |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> == Sunami == Chile- it killed all the OG barbz. Rip === Chile === [[File:Agustín Ross Balcony after 2010 Chile earthquake.jpg|thumb|[[Agustín Ross balcony]] damaged after the earthquake and tsunami in [[Pichilemu]].]] Some 30 minutes after the first shock, consecutive tsunamis hit coastal towns, among which [[Constitución, Chile|Constitución]] suffered the hardest damage;<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35644365 « Pacific coastline devastated; 350 killed by tsunami that hit one small town »],''msnbc.msn.com'', Retrieved on 1 March 2010.</ref> subsequently, a tsunami amplitude of up to {{convert|2.6|m|abbr=on}} high was recorded in the sea at [[Valparaíso]].<ref name="bbc 1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/04/message725245-04.htm |title=Tsunami message from NTWC |publisher=Wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov |access-date=27 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328090340/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/04/message725245-04.htm |archive-date=28 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="PTWC3">[http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.094614.txt TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 004] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302130523/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.094614.txt |date=2 March 2010 }} by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]]</ref> A [[wave]] [[amplitude]] of {{convert|2.34|m|ft|abbr=on|2}} was recorded at [[Talcahuano]] in the [[Biobío Region]].<ref name="PTWC-index"> [http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/ TSUNAMI BULLETINS–index] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306002335/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/ |date=6 March 2010 }} of frequently updated bulletins issued by the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]], including the latest.</ref> [[Robinson Crusoe Island]], the largest of the [[Juan Fernández Islands]], was struck by a large wave which led to the deaths of four people on the island, with eleven people reported as missing, according to Provincial Governor Ivan De La Maza. President Bachelet is reported to have sent an aid mission to the remote island.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/02/28/2832244.htm Tsunami kills 4 in Robinson Crusoe islands], Agence France-Presse/Reuters.</ref><ref name="CNN01">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake.hawaii/?hpt=Sbin|title=First waves of tsunami arrive at Hawaii|last=Gutierrez|first=Thelma|date=27 February 2010|publisher=CNN |access-date=27 February 2010|location=Honolulu, Hawaii| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100403081506/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake.hawaii/?hpt=Sbin| archive-date= 3 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> As a precaution against the coming tsunami, partial evacuation was ordered in [[Easter Island]], about 3,510&nbsp;km (2,180&nbsp;mi) away from the coast of Chile. The tsunami wave arrived in Easter Island at 12:05 UTC, measuring 0.35&nbsp;m (1.15&nbsp;ft).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.164746.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302131325/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.164746.txt |archive-date=2 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/02/27/10/partial-evacuation-chiles-easter-island-ordered |title=Partial evacuation of Chile's Easter Island ordered &#124; ABS-CBN News Online Beta |publisher=Abs-cbnnews.com |access-date=28 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100407100053/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/02/27/10/partial-evacuation-chiles-easter-island-ordered| archive-date= 7 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> On 27 February, defense minister [[Francisco Vidal (Chilean politician)|Francisco Vidal]] said that the [[Chilean Navy]] had made a mistake by not immediately issuing a tsunami warning after the earthquake, a step that could have helped coastal villagers flee to higher ground sooner. However, an alarm was later sounded by port captains and saved some lives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35637211 |title=Chile minister says navy erred on tsunami |work=NBC News |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref> Mariano Rojas Bustos, then head of Chile's oceanographic service [[SHOA]], which is part of the country's navy, was later fired for the organization's failure to provide clear warnings about the tsunami.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10630298">{{cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/natural-disasters/news/article.cfm?c_id=68&objectid=10630298 |title= Chile sacks official over tsunami alert |date=6 March 2010 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> === Oceania === ;New Zealand Initially, the [[New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management]] (CDEM) said they did not expect a tsunami to reach New Zealand,<ref>[http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/$file/National%20advisory%20No1.doc National Advisory: Tsunami – No Threat to New Zealand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522112304/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/%24file/National%20advisory%20No1.doc |date=22 May 2010 }}, Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management, 20:34 on 27 February 2010.</ref> but later issued a warning stating that waves of up to {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} high were likely for the eastern<ref>[http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/$file/National%20warning%20No1.doc National Warning: Tsunami Threat to New Zealand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522112157/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/%24file/National%20warning%20No1.doc |date=22 May 2010 }}, Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management, 23:18 on 27 February 2010.</ref> and later the entire [[New Zealand]] coast.<ref name="NZalert">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/3384741/NZ-on-tsunami-alert |title=NZ on tsunami alert |date=28 February 2010 |work=[[The Press]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> By 19:55 [[UTC]] (08:40 local), CDEM reported wave activity of {{Convert|50|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in the [[Chatham Islands]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf |title=#ChileQuake National Warning:Tsunami Threat to NZ Update18 |publisher=Civildefence.govt.nz |access-date=1 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100304153336/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.NSF| archive-date= 4 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> and {{Convert|2|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} surges were reported there later in the morning.<ref>Edward Gay and Derek Cheng, [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10629052 1.5-meter tsunami wave hits Chathams, heading for mainland], New Zealand Herald, 28 February 2010.</ref> A surge {{Convert|2.2|m|abbr=on}} high hit the [[South Island]]'s [[Banks Peninsula]],<ref name="NZalert"/><ref name="Stuff.co.nz_3387060">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/3387060/Lucky-low-tide-keeps-Chch-safe |title=Lucky low tide keeps Chch safe |date=1 March 2010 |work=[[The Press]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> while surges up to {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} high were reported in the northern [[North Island]].<ref>Edward Gay, Derek Cheng and Michael Dickison, [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10629116&pnum=0 Tsunami fears over as alert downgraded], New Zealand Herald, 28 February 2010.</ref> By mid afternoon (local time), Civil Defence had downgraded the tsunami warning to an alert, while still advising that sea levels could change quickly for up to 24 hours from the initial surge.<ref name="Stuff.co.nz_3384728">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/3384728/Tsunami-alert-for-New-Zealand-after-massive-Chile-quake |title=Tsunami alert downgraded after Chile quake |date=8 March 2010 |work=[[Stuff.co.nz]] |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref> ;Antarctica The [[U.S. Antarctic Program]]'s coastal station along the [[Antarctic Peninsula]], [[Palmer Station]], went on a tsunami alert shortly after the earthquake struck Chile. To prepare for a possible tsunami, station personnel removed all Zodiac boats from the water and moved any materials from low-lying areas that waves could have swept away. Personnel also retreated to the station's highest building, GWR, while the tsunami warning was in effect, Ellis said. Palmer personnel developed a tsunami emergency plan following the 2004 earthquake in the Indian Ocean that created a tsunami that killed more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. While no noticeable tsunami occurred at Palmer, the station tide monitor displayed bumps of several centimeters, signifying that a small wave had indeed reached the shores of Anvers Island.<ref>{{cite web |title=Not shaken|url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contentHandler.cfm?id=2045|publisher=[[The Antarctic Sun]] |date=3 March 2010 | access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> ;Australia The [[Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Center]] (JATWC) sent out tsunami warnings for [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]], [[Lord Howe Island]], [[Norfolk Island]], [[Tasmania]], and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]. The organization warned of the possibility of dangerous waves, strong ocean currents and foreshore flooding to occur on the east coast of Australia for several hours on Sunday.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tsunami Hits Hawaii, Causes Minimal Damage |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tsunami-hits-hawaii-causes-minimal-damage/ |website=cbsnews.com |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> As a result of the warnings, patrolled beaches in New South Wales and Queensland remained closed (red flags) and lifeguards ushered people to leave the water. However beach goers and surfers ignored the warnings. Numerous onlookers also crowded parts of the shore to view potential effects of the tsunami.<ref name=newscom>{{cite news | url = http://www.news.com.au/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfkvr-1225835186186 | access-date =28 February 2010 | work=news.com.au | title=Tsunami beach ban cancelled in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Pacific Rim | date=28 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301235417/http://www.news.com.au/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfkvr-1225835186186| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The beach ban was lifted by the end of the day and there was no reports of damage, flooding or other emergencies. Tsunami waves of between 10&nbsp;cm and 50&nbsp;cm were recorded and their surges were believed to have created strong currents. Increases in sea levels include: [[Norfolk Island]] 50&nbsp;cm, [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast (Qld)]] 20&nbsp;cm, [[Port Kembla, New South Wales|Port Kembla (NSW)]] 14&nbsp;cm, [[Southport Island|Southport (Tas)]] 17&nbsp;cm.<ref name=newscom/> ;French Polynesia A wave measuring up to {{Convert|1.8|m|abbr=on}} high struck portions of [[French Polynesia]] between 15:50 to 17:50 [[UTC]] with no reports of injuries {{As of|2010|02|28|lc=on|df=US}}.<ref name=sb>{{cite news|title=Tsunami waves up to 6 feet hit French Polynesia |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/content/Tsunami_waves_up_to_6_feet_hit_French_Polynesia |newspaper=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |publisher=[[Black Press]] |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> A wave 4 meters high is reported to have struck [[Hiva Oa]] in the [[Marquesas Islands]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tsunami hits French Polynesia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-02-28/tsunami-hits-french-polynesia/345468 |work=Australian Broadcasting Company |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> The first waves were expected to hit the main island of [[Tahiti]] at approximately 16:50 [[UTC]] (07:50 local).<ref name=rnzi/> Cars and other automobiles were banned from roads closer than {{Convert|500|m|abbr=on}} from the Pacific Ocean.<ref name=rnzi/> [[Réseau France Outre-mer]] in [[Papeete]] reported that a wave measuring less than {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} passed east of the [[Gambier Islands]] with no damage, according to [[Monique Richeton]], the mayor of [[Rikitea]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Tsunami hits French Polynesia; Pacific on watch |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Tsunami-hits-French-Polynesia-Pacific-on-watch/article16832222.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=rnzi/> Residents of the [[Tuamotus]], which are low-lying, were told to move to the highest points on the island.<ref name=rnzi/> ;American Samoa The first wave was expected to reach [[American Samoa]], which is still recovering from the [[2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami]], at 08:51 local time.<ref name=rnzi>{{cite news |title=Tsunami alert in Pacific after 8.8 quake in Chile |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=52179 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715192210/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=52179 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2011 |work=[[Radio New Zealand International]]|date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> [[Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa|Lieutenant Governor]] [[Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia]] urged residents not to rush to [[A'oloau]], a high elevation area on [[Tutuila]], as it could cause traffic jams, putting safety at risk.<ref name=rnzi/> Many coastal towns, including the main city of [[Pago Pago]], had already been heavily damaged in the 2009 tsunami. The first wave arrived on Pago Plaza at 21:58 UTC. ;Philippines The [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] (Phivolcs) issued an advisory that tsunami wave(s) were expected to hit the eastern coast of the Philippines on Sunday between 05:00 and 06:30 [[UTC]] (13:00 and 14:30 local). Residents of 19 eastern provinces "are advised to prepare for possible evacuation."<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20100228-255780/Brace-for-possible-tsunami-after-lunch-Sunday----Phivolcs Brace for possible tsunami after lunch Sunday–Phivolcs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301113126/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20100228-255780/Brace-for-possible-tsunami-after-lunch-Sunday----Phivolcs |date=1 March 2010 }}, By Alcuin Papa, Philippine Daily Inquirer, First Posted 02:54:00 February 28, 2010</ref> However, at 15:15 on 28 February 2010, all warnings were canceled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=342&Itemid=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116032901/https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=342&Itemid=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2018 |title=Alert Cancellation – Phivolcs |publisher=Phivolcs.dost.gov.ph |access-date=1 March 2010 }}</ref> ;Hawaii [[United States Senators]] [[Daniel Inouye]] and [[Daniel Akaka]] issued a joint [[press release]] announcing the first tsunami evacuation in Hawaii since 1994.<ref name=ha>{{cite news |title=Inouye, Akaka urge calm |url=http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/20100227/BREAKING01/100227027/1352 |work=[[Honolulu Advertiser]]|date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref name=ha2>{{cite news|title=Caldwell serving as acting mayor |url=http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/artikkel?Dato=20100227&Kategori=BREAKING01&Lopenr=100227022&Ref=AR&Show=0 |work=[[Honolulu Advertiser]] |date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic|fix-attempted=yes}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Warning sirens were sounded throughout the state, as hotels in [[Waikiki]] evacuated tourists at 6&nbsp;a.m. People in tall buildings were encouraged to move above the third floor. Waves measuring 2.7 metres high were originally predicted to strike [[Hilo Bay]] on the [[Big Island of Hawai'i]] at 11:05 local time (21:05 GMT),<ref name=hsb>{{cite news |first=Allison |last=Schaefers |title=9-foot waves forecast for Hilo Bay at 11:05 |url=http://www.starbulletin.com/news/breaking/9-foot_waves_forecast_for_Hilo_Bay_at_1105_am.html |work=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]]|date=27 February 2010 |access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301114714/http://www.starbulletin.com/news/breaking/9-foot_waves_forecast_for_Hilo_Bay_at_1105_am.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> but by 11:18, major receding and waves had not been reported on the shoreline. By 11:40, several waves hit the islands amounting to raising and lowering of the sea near the coast, and a fourth wave hit around 13:12. The tsunami warning for Hawaii was canceled in the early afternoon on Saturday, 27 February. Gerard Fryer, a geophysicist for the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center was quoted as saying: "We expected the waves to be bigger in Hawaii, maybe about 50 percent bigger than they actually were."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.grandforksherald.com/event/apArticle/id/D9E5B2F80/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903160812/http://www.grandforksherald.com/event/apArticle/id/D9E5B2F80/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2012 |title=Tsunami that raced across Pacific delivers glancing blow to islands, Asian coasts |first=JAYMES |last=SONG |agency=Associated Press Writer |newspaper=Grand Forks Herald |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=11 April 2011 }}</ref> Early in the morning, the Center expected waves of 3 metres. In actuality, the highest tsunami waves ended up being about 1.5 to 1.8 metres peak to trough.<ref name=GordonPangFeb28>{{cite news|url=http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100228/NEWS01/2280361/1352|title=Warning center learns from miscalculation|first=Gordon Y.K.|last=Pang|newspaper=Honolulu Advertiser|date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref> === North America === ;British Columbia At around 23:00 [[UTC]] (15:00 local), a tsunami warning was issued for coastal [[British Columbia]]. Extra precautions were already in place due to the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] being held in [[Vancouver]] at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2622152 |title=Olympic Games proceed despite tsunami warning |publisher=Nationalpost.com |access-date=1 March 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100301135413/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2622152 |archive-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ;California Small waves were expected in [[Southern California]], and receding was reported at [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]. Minor damage was reported on some coastal areas. The tsunami damaged navigation buoys at [[Ventura, California|Ventura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-signal.com/news/article/25296/|title=Tsunami damages buoys off Ventura, officials say|publisher=Santa Clarita Valley Signal|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302030939/http://www.the-signal.com/news/article/25296/|archive-date=2 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, a boat was torn loose from its mooring and minor erosion occurred within Ventura Harbor. Damage to docks and pilings in the area was moderate.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clerici |first=Kevin |date=27 February 2010 |title=Tsunami surge damages Ventura docks, sets boats loose |url=http://archive.vcstar.com/news/tsunami-surge-damages-ventura-docks-sets-boats-loose-ep-369583402-350055101.html/ |work=Ventura County Star |location=Camarillo, California |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> ;Guerrero In [[Guerrero]], surges of between 30&nbsp;cm and 1 meter and receding of up to 10 m were reported, and three small vessels were sunk at [[Tecpán de Galeana (municipality)|Tecpán de Galeana]]. The state tourism authorities announced they would be sending a letter to the CNN news network to protest the "alarming" way in which it had forecast a tsunami for the major tourist destination of [[Acapulco]].<ref> {{cite news |title=Guerrero reporta daños mínimos por oleaje |first=Juan |last=Cervantes |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/662271.html?TB_iframe=true&height=650&width=850 |newspaper= [[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |location=Mexico City |date=28 February 2010 |access-date=5 March 2010 |language= es}}</ref> === Tsunami-related aid given === {{Expand section|date=March 2010}} [[Argentina]] has sent construction teams to [[Chiloé Island]] to help reconstruct some of the washed away coastal buildings. In July 2010, the government of Argentina released a statement that they would lend $300 million to Chile for reconstruction efforts using Argentine goods.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100722-713786.html | work=The Wall Street Journal | title=Argentina To Lend $300M To Chile For Rebuilding-Related Goods | date=22 July 2010 | access-date=11 April 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Data === The following data, published by the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] and the [[National Tsunami Warning Center]], lists measured and reported values of the tsunami when it arrived at specific places. Some data is taken from the Chilean Army. {|class="wikitable sortable" |+Tsunami arrival data<ref name=PTWC-index/><ref name="PTWC-015">[http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.202736.txt TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 015] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302131347/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.202736.txt |date=2 March 2010 }} issued by the [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/15/message725245-15.htm|title=National Tsunami Warning Center|publisher=NOAA|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402062922/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/15/message725245-15.htm|archive-date=2 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! Station ! Country or territory ! Latitude ! Longitude ! Time (UTC) ! Height (m) ! Height (ft) |- |[[Pichilemu]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 34.23 S || 72.0 W || 06:48 || 3.02 || 10.0 |- |[[Talcahuano]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 36.9 S || 75.4 W || 06:53 || 2.34 || 7.7 |- |[[Valparaíso]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 33 S || 71.6 W || 07:08 || 1.29 || 4.2 |- |[[Corral, Chile|Corral]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 39.9 S || 73.4 W || 07:39 || 0.90 || 2.9 |- |[[Desventuradas Islands|San Felix]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 26.3 S || 80.1 W || 08:15 || 0.53 || 1.7 |- | [[Caldera, Chile|Caldera]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 27.1 S || 70.8 W || 08:34 || 0.45 || 1.5 |- | [[Ancud]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 41.9 S || 73.8 W || 08:38 || 0.62 || 2.0 |- | [[Coquimbo]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 30 S || 71.3 W || 08:52 || 1.32 || 4.3 |- | [[Iquique]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 20.2 S || 70.1 W || 09:07 || 0.28 || 0.9 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Lima]] || {{flagu|Peru}} || 18 S || 86.4 W || 09:41 || 0.24 || 0.8 |- | [[Antofagasta]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 23.2 S || 70.4 W || 09:41 || 0.49 || 1.6 |- | [[Arica]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 18.5 S || 70.3 W || 10:08 || 0.94 || 3.1 |- | [[Callao]] ||{{flagu|Peru}}|| 12.1 S || 77.2 W || 10:29 || 0.36 || 1.2 |- | [[Easter Island]] ||{{flagu|Chile}}|| 27.2 S || 109.5 W || 12:05 || 0.35 || 1.1 |- | [[Quepos]] ||{{flagu|Costa Rica}}|| 9.45 N || 84.15 W || 14:16 || 0.24 || 0.8 |- | [[Galapagos Islands]] ||{{flagu|Ecuador}} || 0.4 S || 90.3 W || 14:52 || 0.35 || 1.2 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Marquesas Islands]] || {{flagu|French Polynesia}} || 8.5 S || 125 W || 15:31 || 0.18 || 0.6 |- | [[Rikitea]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 23.1 S || 134.9 W || 15:59 || 0.15 || 0.5 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]] || || 16.0 N || 107 W || 16:11 || 0.07 || 0.2 |- | [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]] ||{{flagu|Mexico}}|| 19.1 N || 104.3 W || 17:05 || 0.32 || 1.0 |- | [[Hiva Oa]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 9.8 S || 139.0 W || 17:41 || 1.79 || 5.9 |- | [[Nuku Hiva]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 8.9 S || 140.1 W || 17:45 || 0.95 || 3.1 |- | [[Papeete]] ||{{flagu|French Polynesia}}|| 17.5 N || 149.6 W || 18:10 || 0.16 || 0.5 |- | [[Cabo San Lucas]] ||{{flagu|Mexico}}|| 22.9 N || 109.9 W || 18:33 || 0.36 || 1.2 |- | [[Rarotonga]] ||{{flagu|Cook Islands}}|| 21.2 S || 159.8 W || 19:07 || 0.15 || 0.5 |- | [[Acapulco]] ||{{flagu|Mexico}}|| 16.8 N || 99.9 W || 19:31 || 0.62 || 2.0 |- |[[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[San Diego]]|| ||32.2 N||120.7 W||19:31||0.06||0.2 |- | Lottin Point ||{{flagu|New Zealand}}|| 37.6 S || 178.2 E || 19:34 || 0.15 || 0.5 |- | [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Tonga]] || || 23 S || 168.1 W || 20:03 || 0.04 || 0.1 |- | [[Apia]] ||{{flagu|Samoa}}|| 13.8 S || 171.8 W || 20:18 || 0.13 || 0.4 |- |[[Nukualofa]]||{{flagu|Tonga}}||21.1 S||175.2 W||20:24||0.1||0.3 |- |[[Pago Pago]]||{{flagu|American Samoa}}||14.3 S||170.7 W||20:27 ||0.22||0.7 |- |[[Monterey, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||36.6 N||121.9 W||20:31 ||0.28||1.1 |- |[[San Diego, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||32.7 N||117.2 W||20:36||0.13||0.4 |- |[[San Francisco, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||37.8 N||122.5 W||21:20||0.26||0.8 |- |[[Hilo, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||19.7 N||154.9 W||21:20||0.86||2.8 |- |[[Lānaʻi|Kuamalapau, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||20.8 N||156.9 W||21:36||0.18||0.6 |- |[[Kahului, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||20.9 N||156.5 W||21:47||0.98||3.2 |- |[[Santa Barbara, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||34.4 N||119.7 W||21:50||0.53||1.7 |- |[[Kalaeloa Airport|Barber's Point, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||21.3 N||158.1 W||21:57||0.12||0.4 |- |[[Honolulu, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||21.3 N||150.4 W||22:00||0.25||0.8 |- |[[Kawaihae, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||20 N||155.5 W||22:11||0.52||1.7 |- |[[Crescent City, California]]||{{flagu|United States}}||41.7 N||124.2 W||22:13||0.37||1.2 |- |[[Vanuatu]]||{{flagu|Vanuatu}}||17.8 S||168.3 E||22:46||0.15||0.5 |- |[[Johnston Atoll]]||{{flagu|United States}}||16.7 N||169.5 W||22:48||0.22||0.7 |- |[[Nawiliwili Bay|Nawiliwili, Hawaii]]||{{flagu|United States}}||22 N||159.4 W||23:23||0.37||1.2 |- |[[Sitka, Alaska]]||{{flagu|United States}}||57.1 N||135.3 W||00:11 28 Feb||0.08||0.3 |- |[[Guam]]||{{flagicon|Guam}} [[Guam]]||13.4 N||144.7 E||03:07||0.16||0.5 |- |[[Minamitorishima]]<ref>{{cite web|author=著者来店 |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20100228-OYT1T00527.htm?from=top |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100303150655/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20100228-OYT1T00527.htm?from=top |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 March 2010 |title=小笠原諸島の南鳥島に津波第一波、１０ｃｍ |publisher=Yomiuri.co.jp |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref>||{{flagu|Japan}}||24.1N||153.5E||03:43||0.1||0.3 |- |[[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis|DART]] [[Saipan]]|| ||19.1 N||155.8 E||03:55||0.08||0.3 |- |[[Otsuchi, Iwate]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||39.21 N||141.54 E||06:43||1.45||4.35 |- |[[Yamada, Iwate]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||39.47 N||141.95 E||08:14||1.61||4.85 |- |[[Hachinohe, Aomori]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||40.30 N||141.29 E||08:44||0.9||2.7 |- |[[Nemuro, Hokkaido]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||43.20 N||145.35 E||09:23||1.0||3.0 |- |[[Kuji, Iwate]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||40.11 N||141.46 E||10:01||1.2||3.6 |- |[[Susaki, Kōchi]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||33.24 N||133.17 E||10:42||1.2||3.6 |- |[[Shibushi, Kagoshima]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}||{{flagu|Japan}}||31.30 N||131.03 E||10:56||1.0||3.0 |} <div class="center">{{Gallery |File:2010 Chile earthquake NOAA tsunami travel time projection 2010-02-27.jpg|Tsunami ETA [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (hour 0{{=}}06:34 UTC 27 Feb) |File:2010 Chile earthquake NOAA tsunami projection 2010-02-27.png|The energy model map of the tsunami. |File:Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg|Countries with coastal areas that were at risk (in pink). }}</div> == See also == {{Portal|Chile}} * ''[[03:34: Earthquake in Chile]]'' * [[2010 Chile blackout]] * [[2010 Haiti earthquake]] * [[2010 Pichilemu earthquake]] * [[2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption]] * ''[[Aftershock (2012 film)|Aftershock]]'' * [[List of 21st-century earthquakes]] * [[List of earthquakes in 2010]] * [[List of earthquakes in Chile]] * [[Lists of earthquakes]] * [[List of megathrust earthquakes]] * [[Seismicity of the Chilean coast]] * ''[[The Year of the Tiger]]'' == Notes == {{Reflist|group=note}} == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category|2010 Chile earthquake}} {{Wikinews category|2010 Chile earthquake}} * [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/02/27/world/americas/0227-chile-quake-map.html Maps of the Chile Earthquake] – ''[[The New York Times]]'' * [http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/chile20100227/ Tsunami Event – February 27, 2010 Chile ] – NOAA Center for Tsunami Research * [http://www.democracynow.org/2010/3/3/chile Chilean Earthquake Toll Passes 800; Aid Yet to Reach Many Devastated Areas] – ''[[Democracy Now!]]'' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO16edaxoV0 Tsunami Animation: Maule, Chile 2010 (Mercator)] – [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] * {{EQ-isc-link|14340585}} * {{ReliefWeb-link|eq-2010-000034-chl}} {{2010 Chile earthquake}} {{Earthquakes in 2010}} {{Earthquakes in Chile}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chile Earthquake}} [[Category:2010 Chile earthquake| ]] [[Category:2010 tsunamis|Chile earthquake]] [[Category:2010 in French Polynesia]] [[Category:History of Biobío Region|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:History of Maule Region|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:Tsunamis in Chile|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:February 2010 events in South America]] [[Category:History of Ñuble Region|2010 Chile earthquake]] [[Category:Modern history of Chile]]'
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff)
'@@ -489,21 +489,6 @@ The earthquake affected production at the [[Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas]] (CCU) and Cervecería Chile factories that together have a 90% share of the Chilean beer market. With an average annual per capita consumption of 36 liters, scarcity caused prices to rise from 990–1500 to 2000 [[Chilean peso]]s per litre. CCU responded by increasing capacity of their plant in [[Temuco]] that did not suffer major damage during the earthquake and by importing beer from their factories in Argentina. 50 trucks with beer are reported to have reached Santiago from Argentina. In March 2010, ten CCU executives said that the country will not run out of beer and that within two to three months production levels would be normalized.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rodrigo Bustamante Santiago de Chile |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/america_latina/2010/03/100309_0140_chile_sismo_cerveza_gz.shtml |title=El sismo hace escasear la cerveza en Chile |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> Liquor store owners expressed complaints regarding a beer [[rationing]] scheme implemented by CCU. The scarcity favored consumption of "premium beers" like [[Kunstmann]] and [[Paceña]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurioantofagasta.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100414/pags/20100414000505.html |title=Continúa la escasez de cerveza por terremoto |publisher=Mercurioantofagasta.cl |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> -== Tsunami == -A [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] was first declared for [[Chile]] and [[Peru]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|title=Australia on tsunami watch after quake|publisher=News.ninemsn.com.au|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302022133/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|archive-date=2 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a tsunami watch for [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], [[Antarctica]], [[Panama]] and [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html|title=Massive earthquake, aftershocks rattle Chile tsunami warning issued|newspaper=[[CNN]]|publisher=[[Time Warner]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301044543/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 « Strong earthquake hits Chile, Tsunami warning issued in region »] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707164100/http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 |date=7 July 2012 }}, ''peoplestar.co.uk'', Retrieved on 27 February 2010.</ref> The warning was later extended to a Pacific Ocean-wide warning, covering all coastal areas on the Pacific Ocean except the west coast of the United States, British Columbia, and Alaska.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt|title=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301011944/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Hawaiian media reported that tsunami warning sirens first sounded at 06:00 local time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|title=Tsunami warning in effect for Hawaii|date=27 February 2010|work=[[KHII-TV|Hawaii News Now]]|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301133849/http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|archive-date=1 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The U.S. Tsunami Warning Center issued advisories about potential tsunami of less than {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} striking the Pacific Ocean coastline between California and most of Alaska late in the afternoon or through the evening 12 or more hours after the initial earthquake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Hector |date=27 February 2010 |title=L.A. County fire officials expect waves from Chile quake to top at 3 feet; no warning to be issued |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/california-beaches-to-see-waves-peak-at-three-feet-experts-say.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Although the earthquake killed far fewer people than the Haitian earthquake less than 7 weeks prior, it was still devastating. The tsunami warning was cancelled for all countries except Japan and Russia in PTWC Bulletin 18 of 00:12 UTC on 28 February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.234803.txt |title=PTWC Bulletin 18: cancelling warning for all countries except Japan and Russia |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> - -In general, tsunamis tend to come in several waves, of which the first may not be the highest.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfku9-1225835190018 | work=news.com.au | title=Tsunami threatens Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Pacific Rim | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://home.nzcity.co.nz/news/article.aspx?id=111419&fm=newsmain,nrhl New Zealand is among 53 Pacific Ocean nations where tsunami alerts have been issued following an earthquake off Chile], NZCity, 28 February 2010.</ref> - -[[File:2010 Chile earthquake - NOAA buoy 34142 - water column height short.png|frame|right|The tsunami's passage as recorded by [[National Data Buoy Center]] [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]] (DART) buoy 34142, located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean 630 nautical miles (1170 km) southwest of [[Lima]], Peru.]] - -The U.S. [[National Weather Service]]'s [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] issued a [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] throughout a huge swathe of the Pacific region, including [[Antarctica]].<ref name=npr>{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Memmott|title='Massive' Earthquake Hits Chile; Tsunami Warnings Up Across Pacific|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301073207/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> In the Americas, the warning extended to [[Chile]] (including [[Easter Island]]), [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], and [[Panama]].<ref name=npr/> A warning was also issued for the Oceania and [[Pacific Islands]] nations and territories of [[American Samoa]], [[Australia]], the [[Cook Islands]], the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (including the FSM states of [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]], [[Kosrae]], [[Pohnpei]] and [[Yap]]), [[Fiji]], [[French Polynesia]], [[Guam]], [[Hawaii]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Island]], the [[Kermadec Islands]], [[Kiribati]], [[Marcus Island]], the [[Marshall Islands]], [[Midway Island]], [[New Caledonia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Niue]], the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Pitcairn Islands]], [[Samoa]], the [[Solomon Islands]], [[Tokelau]], [[Tonga]], [[Tuvalu]], [[Wallis and Futuna]] and [[Wake Island]].<ref name=npr/> Tsunami warnings were also in effect as far away as [[East Asia|East]] and Southeast Asia including [[Japan]], [[Indonesia]], [[Hong Kong]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/equake/tsunami_mon.htm#|title=Tsunami Monitoring and Warning in Hong Kong|website=hko.gov.hk|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> the [[Philippines]], [[Russia]] and [[Republic of China|Taiwan]].<ref name=npr/> - -Coastal areas of Canada's westernmost province [[British Columbia]] was under a tsunami advisory, and this was the most alarming advisory as the earthquake occurred during the same time as the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in Vancouver.<ref name=vancouversun/> No large wave was expected to strike British Columbia, but strong local [[ocean currents]] combined with a wave put low-lying coastal regions at risk of flooding.<ref name=vancouversun>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory|url=https://vancouversun.com/Coastal+under+tsunami+advisory/2622092/story.html|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402051033/http://www.vancouversun.com/Coastal%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Badvisory/2622092/story.html|archive-date=2 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The first wave was expected to reach southern British Columbia at 15:11&nbsp;local time.<ref name=vancouversun/> Residents were advised to avoid [[beaches]], [[harbors]] and [[marinas]].<ref name=montrealgazette>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory after massive Chilean earthquake|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast+under+tsunami+warning/2622118/story.html|agency=[[Canwest News Service]]|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403063509/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Bwarning/2622118/story.html|archive-date=3 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> - -A tsunami advisory was also issued for coastal areas of California, [[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and southern [[Alaska]] in the United States.<ref name=mynorthwest>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory for Washington Coast|url=http://www.mynorthwest.com/?nid=11&sid=290506|work=MyNorthwest.com|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> This tsunami advisory was canceled as of 07:13 -UTD on 28 February.<ref>[https://archive.today/20131012125151/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/25/message725245-25.htm Tsunami Advisory Cancellation #25 issued 27 February 2010 at 11:13PM PST], NOAA/NWS/National Tsunami Warning Center</ref> - -Russian authorities lifted a tsunami alert for the [[Kamchatka]] coast, after the arrival of a 0.8&nbsp;m (2.6&nbsp;ft) surge that caused no damage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61R0RO20100228|work=Reuters|title=Tsunami waves hit Russia, no damage reported|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> The tsunami was also reported to be small along the Japanese coast, and passed without incident. Many coastal areas in Japan had been evacuated as a precaution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html|work=The New York Times|first=Martin|last=Fackler|title=Officials Breathe Sigh of Relief as Tsunami Passes|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> - -The projections use DART ([[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]]) gauges spread along the sea floor, which is a fairly new technology. Initial deep sea readings showed wave height of 25 centimeters, which is huge for deep water, according to Gerard Fryer of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. He went on to say, "although it was huge, we didn't quite know what it meant because we haven't much experience with those. As we get more under our belts, we'll get better."<ref name=GordonPangFeb28/> +== Sunami == +Chile- it killed all the OG barbz. Rip === Chile === '
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[ 0 => '== Sunami ==', 1 => 'Chile- it killed all the OG barbz. Rip' ]
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[ 0 => '== Tsunami ==', 1 => 'A [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] was first declared for [[Chile]] and [[Peru]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|title=Australia on tsunami watch after quake|publisher=News.ninemsn.com.au|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302022133/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake|archive-date=2 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a tsunami watch for [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], [[Antarctica]], [[Panama]] and [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html|title=Massive earthquake, aftershocks rattle Chile tsunami warning issued|newspaper=[[CNN]]|publisher=[[Time Warner]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301044543/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 « Strong earthquake hits Chile, Tsunami warning issued in region »] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707164100/http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69 |date=7 July 2012 }}, ''peoplestar.co.uk'', Retrieved on 27 February 2010.</ref> The warning was later extended to a Pacific Ocean-wide warning, covering all coastal areas on the Pacific Ocean except the west coast of the United States, British Columbia, and Alaska.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt|title=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301011944/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Hawaiian media reported that tsunami warning sirens first sounded at 06:00 local time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|title=Tsunami warning in effect for Hawaii|date=27 February 2010|work=[[KHII-TV|Hawaii News Now]]|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301133849/http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046|archive-date=1 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The U.S. Tsunami Warning Center issued advisories about potential tsunami of less than {{Convert|1|m|abbr=on}} striking the Pacific Ocean coastline between California and most of Alaska late in the afternoon or through the evening 12 or more hours after the initial earthquake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Hector |date=27 February 2010 |title=L.A. County fire officials expect waves from Chile quake to top at 3 feet; no warning to be issued |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/california-beaches-to-see-waves-peak-at-three-feet-experts-say.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Although the earthquake killed far fewer people than the Haitian earthquake less than 7 weeks prior, it was still devastating. The tsunami warning was cancelled for all countries except Japan and Russia in PTWC Bulletin 18 of 00:12 UTC on 28 February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.234803.txt |title=PTWC Bulletin 18: cancelling warning for all countries except Japan and Russia |access-date=1 March 2010}}</ref>', 2 => '', 3 => 'In general, tsunamis tend to come in several waves, of which the first may not be the highest.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfku9-1225835190018 | work=news.com.au | title=Tsunami threatens Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Pacific Rim | date=28 February 2010| access-date= 11 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://home.nzcity.co.nz/news/article.aspx?id=111419&fm=newsmain,nrhl New Zealand is among 53 Pacific Ocean nations where tsunami alerts have been issued following an earthquake off Chile], NZCity, 28 February 2010.</ref>', 4 => '', 5 => '[[File:2010 Chile earthquake - NOAA buoy 34142 - water column height short.png|frame|right|The tsunami's passage as recorded by [[National Data Buoy Center]] [[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]] (DART) buoy 34142, located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean 630 nautical miles (1170 km) southwest of [[Lima]], Peru.]]', 6 => '', 7 => 'The U.S. [[National Weather Service]]'s [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] issued a [[Tsunami warning system|tsunami warning]] throughout a huge swathe of the Pacific region, including [[Antarctica]].<ref name=npr>{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Memmott|title='Massive' Earthquake Hits Chile; Tsunami Warnings Up Across Pacific|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100301073207/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html| archive-date= 1 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> In the Americas, the warning extended to [[Chile]] (including [[Easter Island]]), [[Colombia]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]], and [[Panama]].<ref name=npr/> A warning was also issued for the Oceania and [[Pacific Islands]] nations and territories of [[American Samoa]], [[Australia]], the [[Cook Islands]], the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (including the FSM states of [[Chuuk State|Chuuk]], [[Kosrae]], [[Pohnpei]] and [[Yap]]), [[Fiji]], [[French Polynesia]], [[Guam]], [[Hawaii]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Island]], the [[Kermadec Islands]], [[Kiribati]], [[Marcus Island]], the [[Marshall Islands]], [[Midway Island]], [[New Caledonia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Niue]], the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Pitcairn Islands]], [[Samoa]], the [[Solomon Islands]], [[Tokelau]], [[Tonga]], [[Tuvalu]], [[Wallis and Futuna]] and [[Wake Island]].<ref name=npr/> Tsunami warnings were also in effect as far away as [[East Asia|East]] and Southeast Asia including [[Japan]], [[Indonesia]], [[Hong Kong]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/equake/tsunami_mon.htm#|title=Tsunami Monitoring and Warning in Hong Kong|website=hko.gov.hk|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> the [[Philippines]], [[Russia]] and [[Republic of China|Taiwan]].<ref name=npr/>', 8 => '', 9 => 'Coastal areas of Canada's westernmost province [[British Columbia]] was under a tsunami advisory, and this was the most alarming advisory as the earthquake occurred during the same time as the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in Vancouver.<ref name=vancouversun/> No large wave was expected to strike British Columbia, but strong local [[ocean currents]] combined with a wave put low-lying coastal regions at risk of flooding.<ref name=vancouversun>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory|url=https://vancouversun.com/Coastal+under+tsunami+advisory/2622092/story.html|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402051033/http://www.vancouversun.com/Coastal%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Badvisory/2622092/story.html|archive-date=2 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The first wave was expected to reach southern British Columbia at 15:11&nbsp;local time.<ref name=vancouversun/> Residents were advised to avoid [[beaches]], [[harbors]] and [[marinas]].<ref name=montrealgazette>{{cite news|title=Coastal B.C. under tsunami advisory after massive Chilean earthquake|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast+under+tsunami+warning/2622118/story.html|agency=[[Canwest News Service]]|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403063509/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast%2Bunder%2Btsunami%2Bwarning/2622118/story.html|archive-date=3 April 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>', 10 => '', 11 => 'A tsunami advisory was also issued for coastal areas of California, [[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and southern [[Alaska]] in the United States.<ref name=mynorthwest>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory for Washington Coast|url=http://www.mynorthwest.com/?nid=11&sid=290506|work=MyNorthwest.com|date=27 February 2010|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> This tsunami advisory was canceled as of 07:13', 12 => 'UTD on 28 February.<ref>[https://archive.today/20131012125151/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/25/message725245-25.htm Tsunami Advisory Cancellation #25 issued 27 February 2010 at 11:13PM PST], NOAA/NWS/National Tsunami Warning Center</ref>', 13 => '', 14 => 'Russian authorities lifted a tsunami alert for the [[Kamchatka]] coast, after the arrival of a 0.8&nbsp;m (2.6&nbsp;ft) surge that caused no damage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61R0RO20100228|work=Reuters|title=Tsunami waves hit Russia, no damage reported|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> The tsunami was also reported to be small along the Japanese coast, and passed without incident. Many coastal areas in Japan had been evacuated as a precaution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html|work=The New York Times|first=Martin|last=Fackler|title=Officials Breathe Sigh of Relief as Tsunami Passes|date=28 February 2010|access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref>', 15 => '', 16 => 'The projections use DART ([[Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis]]) gauges spread along the sea floor, which is a fairly new technology. Initial deep sea readings showed wave height of 25 centimeters, which is huge for deep water, according to Gerard Fryer of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. He went on to say, "although it was huge, we didn't quite know what it meant because we haven't much experience with those. As we get more under our belts, we'll get better."<ref name=GordonPangFeb28/>' ]
All external links added in the edit (added_links)
[]
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links)
[ 0 => 'http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html', 1 => 'http://home.nzcity.co.nz/news/article.aspx?id=111419&fm=newsmain,nrhl', 2 => 'http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake', 3 => 'http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046', 4 => 'http://www.mynorthwest.com/?nid=11&sid=290506', 5 => 'http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/tsunami-threatens-australia-new-zealand-hawaii-pacific-rim/story-e6frfku9-1225835190018', 6 => 'http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69', 7 => 'http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt', 8 => 'http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.234803.txt', 9 => 'https://archive.today/20131012125151/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/25/message725245-25.htm', 10 => 'https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/california-beaches-to-see-waves-peak-at-three-feet-experts-say.html', 11 => 'https://montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast+under+tsunami+warning/2622118/story.html', 12 => 'https://vancouversun.com/Coastal+under+tsunami+advisory/2622092/story.html', 13 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100301011944/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.104329.txt', 14 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100301044543/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake/index.html', 15 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100301073207/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html', 16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100301133849/http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/Global/story.asp?S=12055046', 17 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100302022133/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1018157/australia-on-tsunami-watch-after-quake', 18 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100402051033/http://www.vancouversun.com/Coastal+under+tsunami+advisory/2622092/story.html', 19 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100403063509/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/world/coast+under+tsunami+warning/2622118/story.html', 20 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120707164100/http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=69', 21 => 'https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/equake/tsunami_mon.htm#', 22 => 'https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/02/chile_earthquake_tsunami_hawai.html', 23 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html', 24 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61R0RO20100228' ]
All external links in the new text (all_links)
[ 0 => 'http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2010/02/27-0634-28L.S201002.html', 1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100301114502/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/', 2 => 'https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/', 3 => 'https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20100227063411530_30/executive', 4 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20121114043429/http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf', 5 => 'http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf', 6 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227', 7 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100228184435/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227', 8 => 'http://www.unavco.org/community_science/science_highlights/2010/M8.8-Chile.html', 9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200203/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html', 10 => 'https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html', 11 => 'http://www.infobae.com/general/502937-101275-0-Confirman-que-el-sismo-Chile-se-sinti%C3%B3-Buenos-Aires', 12 => 'http://www.infobae.com/general/502942-101275-0-En-la-regi%C3%B3n-Cuyo-se-sinti%C3%B3-muy-fuerte-el-temblor-Chile', 13 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131014174913/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile-', 14 => 'http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile-', 15 => 'http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago/Article/201002415561008?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15561008_Chile:_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale,_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago', 16 => 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'<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Magnitude 8.8 earthquake in Chile on 27 February 2010</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 2014 quake, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Iquique_earthquake" title="2014 Iquique earthquake">2014 Iquique earthquake</a>. For the 2015 quake, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Illapel_earthquake" title="2015 Illapel earthquake">2015 Illapel earthquake</a>. For the 2016 quake, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Chilo%C3%A9_earthquake" title="2016 Chiloé earthquake">2016 Chiloé earthquake</a>. For other earthquakes in and about Chile during 2010, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile_occurring_in_2010" title="List of earthquakes in Chile occurring in 2010">List of earthquakes in Chile occurring in 2010</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048617464">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Building_destroyed_in_Concepci%C3%B3n.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Collapsed building in Concepción." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Building_destroyed_in_Concepci%C3%B3n.jpg/260px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Building_destroyed_in_Concepci%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Building_destroyed_in_Concepci%C3%B3n.jpg/390px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Building_destroyed_in_Concepci%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Building_destroyed_in_Concepci%C3%B3n.jpg/520px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Building_destroyed_in_Concepci%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Damage sustained by a building in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>, located around 100 kilometres south of the epicenter.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Chile_earthquake_epicenter.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2010_Chile_earthquake_epicenter.png/260px-2010_Chile_earthquake_epicenter.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="569" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/2010_Chile_earthquake_epicenter.png 1.5x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="589" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>&#160;time</th><td class="infobox-data">2010-02-27 06:34:23</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Seismological_Centre" title="International Seismological Centre">ISC</a>&#160;event</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/cgi-bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid=14340585">14340585</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">USGS-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Advanced_National_Seismic_System" title="Advanced National Seismic System">ANSS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20100227063411530_30">ComCat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local&#160;date</th><td class="infobox-data">27&#160;February&#160;2010<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-02-27</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local&#160;time</th><td class="infobox-data">03:34 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_in_Chile" title="Time in Chile">CST</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC-03:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-03:00">UTC-03:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitude</th><td class="infobox-data">8.8 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mww" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><span title="Mw mag. from W-phase" class="rt-commentedText">M<sub>ww</sub></span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depth</th><td class="infobox-data">35&#160;km (22&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><br />30.1&#160;km (19&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epicenter</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r994658806">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;params=35.909_S_72.733_W_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°54′32″S</span> <span class="longitude">72°43′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.909°S 72.733°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-35.909; -72.733</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;params=35.909_S_72.733_W_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°54′32″S</span> <span class="longitude">72°43′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.909°S 72.733°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-35.909; -72.733</span></span></span></a></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r994658806"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;params=36.290_S_73.239_W_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°17′24″S</span> <span class="longitude">73°14′20″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.290°S 73.239°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-36.290; -73.239</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megathrust_earthquake" title="Megathrust earthquake">Megathrust</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data">Chile</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Maximum">Max.</abbr> intensity</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="background-color:#f00;padding:4px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale#mmi-9" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale"><span style="color:white;">IX (<i>Violent</i>)</span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_M8.8_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_M8.8-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak acceleration</th><td class="infobox-data">0.65 <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peak_ground_acceleration" title="Peak ground acceleration">g</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tsunami</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">525 dead, 25 missing<sup id="cite_ref-muertos_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muertos-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg/220px-Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg/330px-Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg/440px-Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Torre_O%C2%B4Higgins_conce.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The partially collapsed 21-story O'Higgins Tower, Concepción</div></div></div> <p>The <b>2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami</b> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Terremoto del 27F</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>) occurred off the coast of central <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> on Saturday, 27 February at 03:34 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_in_Chile" title="Time in Chile">local time</a> (06:34 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude scale</a>, with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_1-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> It was felt strongly in six <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Chilean regions</a> (from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso</a> in the north to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_Region" title="Araucanía Region">Araucanía</a> in the south), that together make up about 80 percent of the country's population. According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS) the cities experiencing the strongest shaking—VIII (<i>Severe</i>) on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity scale</a> (MM)—were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arauco,_Chile" title="Arauco, Chile">Arauco</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coronel,_Chile" title="Coronel, Chile">Coronel</a>. According to Chile's Seismological Service <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a> experienced the strongest shaking at MM IX (<i>Violent</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_M8.8_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_M8.8-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> The earthquake was felt in the capital <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a> at MM VII (<i>Very strong</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-pager_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pager-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> or MM VIII.<sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Tremors were felt in many <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> cities, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Rioja,_Argentina" title="La Rioja, Argentina">La Rioja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Infobae_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infobae-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infobae_news_2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobae_news_2-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> Tremors were felt as far north as the city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ica_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ica (city)">Ica</a> in southern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> (approx. 2,400&#160;km (1,500&#160;mi) away).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The earthquake triggered a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> which devastated several coastal towns in south-central Chile and damaged the port at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a>. Tsunami warnings were issued in 53 countries,<sup id="cite_ref-sky_news_1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sky_news_1-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> and the wave caused minor damage in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> area of California<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> and in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku region</a> of Japan, where damage to the fisheries business was estimated at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="¥">¥</a>6.26 billion (US$66.7 million).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> The earthquake also generated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Chile_blackout" title="2010 Chile blackout">a blackout that affected 93 percent of the Chilean population</a> and which went on for several days in some locations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> declared a "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_of_Emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Emergency">state of catastrophe</a>" and sent military troops to take control of the most affected areas. According to official sources, 525 people lost their lives, 25 people went missing<sup id="cite_ref-muertos_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muertos-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> and about 9% of the population in the affected regions lost their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 10 March, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swiss_Reinsurance_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reinsurance Co.">Swiss Reinsurance Co.</a> estimated that the Chilean quake would cost insurance companies between 4 and 7 billion dollars. The rival German-based <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a> AG made the same estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> Earthquake's losses to the economy of Chile are estimated at US$15–30 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Location"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Location</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Seismology_and_geology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Seismology and geology</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Compared_with_past_earthquakes"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Compared with past earthquakes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Aftershocks"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Aftershocks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#2011_aftershocks"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">2011 aftershocks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Geophysical_impact"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Geophysical impact</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Damage_and_casualties"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Damage and casualties</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Modified_Mercalli_intensities_for_some_localities"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Modified Mercalli intensities for some localities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Identified_fatalities"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Identified fatalities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Population_with_destroyed_or_severely_damaged_homes"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Population with destroyed or severely damaged homes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Humanitarian_response"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Humanitarian response</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Conditions_in_the_aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Conditions in the aftermath</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Chaos_and_disorder"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Chaos and disorder</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Prison_escape"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Prison escape</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Government_response"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Government response</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Economic_recovery"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Economic recovery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Food_scarcity"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Food scarcity</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Sunami"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sunami</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Chile"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Chile</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Oceania"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Oceania</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#North_America"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">North America</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Tsunami-related_aid_given"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Tsunami-related aid given</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Data"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Data</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Location">Location</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Location">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>According to the USGS, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a> of the earthquake was about 3&#160;km (1.9 miles) off the coast of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pelluhue" title="Pelluhue">Pelluhue</a>, a town in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a>. This is about 6&#160;km (3.7 miles) west of the village of Chovellén, 15&#160;km (9.3 miles) southwest of the town of Pelluhue and at a point approximately 100&#160;km (62 miles) away from the following four provincial capitals: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a> (to the north-east), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linares,_Chile" title="Linares, Chile">Linares</a> (to the east), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n" title="Chillán">Chillán</a> (to the south-east) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a> (to the south).<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Chile's Seismological Service located the quake's epicenter at about 34&#160;km (21 miles) off the coast of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C3%91uble_Region" title="Ñuble Region">Ñuble Region</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío Region</a>. This is 60&#160;km (37 miles) north of Concepción and 170&#160;km (110 miles) south-west of Talca.<sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Seismology_and_geology">Seismology and geology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Seismology and geology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nazca_Plate" title="Nazca Plate">Nazca Plate</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology_of_Chile" title="Geology of Chile">geology of Chile</a></div> <p>The earthquake took place along the boundary between the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nazca_Plate" title="Nazca Plate">Nazca</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_American_Plate" title="South American Plate">South American</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tectonic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plates">tectonic plates</a>, at a location where they <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">converge</a> at a rate of eighty millimeters (3&#160;in) a year. This earthquake was characterized by a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thrust_fault" title="Thrust fault">thrust-faulting</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Focal_mechanism" title="Focal mechanism">focal mechanism</a>, caused by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> of the Nazca plate beneath the South American Tectonic Plates.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> The end-regions of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earthquake_rupture" title="Earthquake rupture">rupture zone</a> coincided with the Andean <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orocline" title="Orocline">oroclines</a> of Maipo (33° S) and Arauco (37° S). This has been interpreted as suggesting a link between upper plate (South American plate) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Structural_geology" title="Structural geology">structure</a> and rupture length.<sup id="cite_ref-Jara-MuHInoz2015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jara-MuHInoz2015-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Chile has been at a convergent plate boundary that generates <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megathrust_earthquake" title="Megathrust earthquake">megathrust earthquakes</a> since the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> era (500 million years ago). In historical times the Chilean coast has suffered many megathrust earthquakes along this plate boundary, including the strongest earthquake ever measured, which is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1960 Valdivia earthquake">1960 Valdivia earthquake</a>. More recently, the boundary ruptured during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2007_Tocopilla_earthquake" title="2007 Tocopilla earthquake">2007 Tocopilla earthquake</a> in northern Chile. </p><p>The segment of the fault zone which ruptured in this earthquake was estimated to be over 700&#160;km (430&#160;mi) long with a displacement of almost 10 meters, or 120 years of accumulated plate movement.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup> It lay immediately north of the 1,000&#160;km (620&#160;mi) segment which ruptured in the great earthquake of 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> Preliminary measurements show that the entire South American Plate moved abruptly westward during the quake.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> A research collaborative of Ohio State and other institutions have found, using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a>, that the earthquake shifted Santiago 28&#160;cm (11&#160;in) to the west-southwest and moved Concepción at least 3 metres (10&#160;ft) to the west. The earthquake also shifted other parts of South America from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>, Brazil. For example, it moved Argentina's capital of Buenos Aires about 2.5&#160;cm (1&#160;in) to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup> Several cities south of Cobquecura were also raised, by up to 3 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup> The maximum recorded <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peak_ground_acceleration" title="Peak ground acceleration">peak ground acceleration</a> was at Concepcion, with a value of 0.65 <i>g</i> (6.38&#160;m/s<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The locality of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tir%C3%BAa" title="Tirúa">Tirúa</a> south of Concepción recorded a 180&#160;cm uplift relative to sea level as result of the earthquake, this is the highest known uplift of the coast resulting from the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-Quezadaetal2020_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quezadaetal2020-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> This uplift made a large islet emerge at the mouth of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebu_River" title="Lebu River">Lebu River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Quezadaetal2020_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quezadaetal2020-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg/220px-2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg/330px-2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg/440px-2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="719" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Maule_earthquake_intensity_USGS.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>USGS shake map of the earthquake</div></div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Compared_with_past_earthquakes">Compared with past earthquakes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Compared with past earthquakes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earthquakes_in_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes in 2010">Earthquakes in 2010</a></div> <p>This was the strongest earthquake affecting Chile since the magnitude 9.5 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1960 Valdivia earthquake">1960 Valdivia earthquake</a> (the most energetic earthquake ever measured in the world), and it was the strongest earthquake worldwide since the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a> and until the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs-strongest_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-strongest-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> It is tied with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1906_Ecuador%E2%80%93Colombia_earthquake" title="1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake">1906 Ecuador–Colombia</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1833_Sumatra_earthquake" title="1833 Sumatra earthquake">1833 Sumatra</a> earthquakes as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lists_of_earthquakes#Largest_earthquakes_by_magnitude" title="Lists of earthquakes">sixth strongest earthquake</a> ever measured, approximately 500 times more powerful than the 7.0 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">M<sub>w</sub></a> earthquake in Haiti one month prior <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">in January 2010</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Aftershocks">Aftershocks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Aftershocks">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>An <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aftershock" title="Aftershock">aftershock</a> of 6.2 was recorded 20&#160;minutes after the initial quake.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_1-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usgs-list_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-list-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> Two more aftershocks of magnitudes 5.4 and 5.6 followed within an hour of the initial quake.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs-list_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-list-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a> said that "a large vigorous aftershock sequence can be expected from this earthquake".<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> By 6 March <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>, more than 130 aftershocks had been registered, including thirteen above magnitude 6.0.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after the mainshock seismologists installed a dense network of seismometers along the whole rupture area. This network captured 20,000 aftershocks in the 6 months after the mainshock and shows a detailed picture of the structure of the Chilean margin.<sup id="cite_ref-lange_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lange-33">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup> Seismicity is focused in the depth range 25–35&#160;km and in a deeper band of between 45 and 50&#160;km depth. Around 10.000 aftershocks occurred in the region of two large aftershocks in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a> region. </p><p>A 6.9-magnitude offshore earthquake struck approximately 300 kilometers southwest of, and less than 90 minutes after, the initial shock; however, it is not clear if that quake is related to the main shock.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup> A separate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Salta_earthquake" title="2010 Salta earthquake">earthquake</a> of magnitude 6.3 occurred in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salta" title="Salta">Salta</a>, Argentina, at 15:45 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> on 27 February, at a depth of 38.2&#160;km (23.7&#160;mi);<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup> two people were injured and one died in Salta.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup> This earthquake was followed on 1 March, at 06:32 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> by a magnitude 4.9 aftershock.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup> Four other earthquakes above M5.0, some possible aftershocks, also occurred near the border in Argentina following the Chile earthquake; a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a> on 28 February, a M5.3 earthquake in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neuquen" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuquen">Neuquen</a> and a M5.2 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Juan_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan (Argentina)">San Juan</a> on 2 March, and a M5.1 quake in Mendoza on 4 March.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Another strong earthquake occurred on 4 March, at 22:39&#160;UTC in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a> in northern Chile, with a magnitude of 6.3.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Minor quakes generated by the main one could be felt as far away as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup> located about 3,000&#160;km (1,900&#160;mi) away from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>. Since the major earthquake, and as of 15 March, at least four to forty &gt;M5.0 earthquakes have been recorded daily in the vicinity of the main earthquake,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup> including four above magnitude 6.0 between 3 March and 6 March.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs-list_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-list-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 5 March, two aftershocks above M6.0 were reported. The first was a 6.3-magnitude off the coast of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío Region</a>. The second was near the epicenter of the original quake at 08:47 local time with a magnitude of 6.6.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 11 March, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2010_Chile_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2010 Chile earthquake">March 2010 Chile earthquake</a> (magnitude 6.9, treated by some as an aftershock of the February 2010 earthquake) was reported, followed quickly by further aftershocks measuring 6.7 and 6.0. The epicenter of the 6.9 quake was in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O&#39;Higgins Region">O'Higgins Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 15 March, two aftershocks of the February 2010 earthquake were reported, one at magnitude 6.2 at 08:08:28 local time offshore <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup> and another at magnitude 6.7 with the epicenter located offshore the Biobío Region, near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cobquecura" title="Cobquecura">Cobquecura</a>, at 23:21:58 local time.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup> This tremor was followed by two minor aftershocks, one occurring 45 minutes later, measuring M5.5. No tsunami was reported and there were no tsunami warnings issued. </p><p>On 17 March, at 14:38:37 local time, an earthquake of magnitude 5.2 was recorded in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ais%C3%A9n_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisén Region">Aisén</a>, in Southern Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup> Another magnitude 5.2 earthquake was recorded in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Lagos_Region" title="Los Lagos Region">Los Lagos</a> the next day. On 26 March, at 10:52:06 local time, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake hit the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atacama_Region" title="Atacama Region">Atacama</a> region, in Northern Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biobio_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Biobio Region">Biobio Region</a> of Chile has had strong aftershocks of this earthquake. The first one was a magnitude 6.7 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">M<sub>W</sub></a> earthquake that struck off the coast of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, at 23:21 on 15 March 2010 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a>, at a depth of 18 kilometres (11&#160;mi). The second earthquake struck on land in the region at 22:58 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>) on 2 April 2010 at 5.9 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">M<sub>W</sub></a> and at a depth of 39&#160;km. The third struck on 10:03 (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>) on 23 April 2010 at 6.2 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">M<sub>W</sub></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="Pacific Tsunami Warning Center">Pacific Tsunami Warning Center</a> said that historical data indicates that this quake will not generate a tsunami but still advised of the possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup> On 3 May, at 19:09 a 6.4 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">M<sub>W</sub></a> earthquake magnitude struck off <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a>, at a depth of 20 kilometres (12&#160;mi). The epicenter was 55 kilometres (34&#160;mi) south of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebu,_Chile" title="Lebu, Chile">Lebu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup> On 14 July 2010, another 6.5 magnitude earthquake occurred in the area. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2011_aftershocks">2011 aftershocks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: 2011 aftershocks">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On 2 January at 17:20:18 local time, a 7.1 magnitude aftershock occurred 70 kilometers northwest of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a>, Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup> On <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lautaro,_Chile" title="Lautaro, Chile">Lautaro</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ete,_Chile" title="Cañete, Chile">Cañete</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nueva_Imperial" title="Nueva Imperial">Nueva Imperial</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Traigu%C3%A9n" title="Traiguén">Traiguén</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carahue" title="Carahue">Carahue</a> the quake was felt at intensity VI (strong) of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity scale</a>. In Temuco it was perceived at intensity V (moderate). In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n" title="Chillán">Chillán</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osorno,_Chile" title="Osorno, Chile">Osorno</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a> it shook at intensity IV (light).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup> According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a> the earthquake's epicenter was located on the ground, east of the coastal town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tir%C3%BAa" title="Tirúa">Tirúa</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_Region" title="Araucanía Region">Araucanía Region</a>. However, according to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">University of Chile</a>'s Seismological Service, the seismic event was located 134 kilometers off the coast of Tirúa, measuring a magnitude 6.9 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" title="Richter magnitude scale">M<sub>L</sub></a>. The University of Chile also reported that the localities who received the strongest shaking (VI) were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curanilahue" title="Curanilahue">Curanilahue</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebu,_Chile" title="Lebu, Chile">Lebu</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tir%C3%BAa" title="Tirúa">Tirúa</a>. In Concepción, Talcahuano and Temuco it was felt at intensity V, and in Chillán and Valdivia at intensity IV.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">&#91;57&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>A magnitude 6.2 M<sub>w</sub> aftershock struck the coast of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> at a shallow <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypocenter" title="Hypocenter">depth</a> of 15.1&#160;km (9.4&#160;mi) on 1 June 2011 at 08:55&#160;local time (12:55 &#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_details_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs_details-58">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup> It was centered just offshore <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arauco_Province" title="Arauco Province">Arauco Province</a> near a moderately populated area, with most structures in its vicinity reported to be resistant to earthquake shaking. Strong shaking registering at VI on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity scale</a> was felt in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebu,_Chile" title="Lebu, Chile">Lebu</a>, just 7&#160;km (4&#160;) south of the epicenter, lasting for approximately one minute.<sup id="cite_ref-pager1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pager1-59">&#91;59&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-duration_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duration-60">&#91;60&#93;</a></sup> Some residents in coastal areas panicked and evacuated their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-AFP_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFP-61">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup> The earthquake was followed by a moderate magnitude 5.1 M<sub>w</sub> tremor that occurred about 52 minutes later to the northeast of the main shock epicenter at an estimated depth of 26.9&#160;km (16.7&#160;mi).<sup id="cite_ref-aftershock_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aftershock-62">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup> Initial estimates from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a> placed its intensity at a magnitude of 6.4 M<sub>w</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Geophysical_impact">Geophysical impact</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Geophysical impact">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seismologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismologists">Seismologists</a> estimate that the earthquake was so powerful that it may have shortened the length of the day by 1.26 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microseconds" class="mw-redirect" title="Microseconds">microseconds</a> and moved the Earth's figure axis by 2.7 milliarcseconds (about 8&#160;cm).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">&#91;65&#93;</a></sup> Precise <a href="/enwiki/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> measurement indicated the telluric movement moved the entire city of Concepción 3.04 metres (10.0&#160;ft) to the west. The capital <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a> experienced a displacement of almost 24 centimetres (9.4&#160;in) west, and even <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, about 1,350 kilometres (840&#160;mi) from Concepción,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup> shifted 4 centimetres (1.6&#160;in).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">&#91;67&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup> It is estimated that Chile's territory could have expanded 1.2 square kilometres (0.46&#160;sq&#160;mi) as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">&#91;69&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The earthquake also caused <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seiche" title="Seiche">seiches</a> to occur in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_Pontchartrain" title="Lake Pontchartrain">Lake Pontchartrain</a> to the north of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, United States, located nearly 7,500 kilometres (4,700&#160;mi) from the epicenter of the quake.<sup id="cite_ref-WeatherChannel_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeatherChannel-70">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> a series of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Icequake" class="mw-redirect" title="Icequake">icequakes</a> were triggered by the 2010 earthquake in Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">&#91;71&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Damage_and_casualties">Damage and casualties</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Damage and casualties">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>People were found dead after the earthquake struck, mostly under buildings and inside cars. Many people were also seriously injured. Most injuries were reported in Santiago and Maule. </p><p>According to an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Associated_Press_Television_News" title="Associated Press Television News">Associated Press Television News</a> cameraman, some buildings collapsed in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a> and there were power outages in parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup> A fire was reported in a chemical plant on the outskirts of Santiago and caused the evacuation of the neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_1-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> Santiago's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comodoro_Arturo_Merino_Ben%C3%ADtez_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport">International Airport</a> seemed to have been damaged and the airport authority closed off all flight operations for 24&#160;hours from around 12:00 UTC.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_1-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> On Sunday, 28 February, Ricardo Ortega, head of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chilean Air Force</a>, said commercial airline services had been partially re-established and aircraft were being allowed to land in Santiago.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">&#91;73&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Santiago's national Fine Arts Museum was badly damaged and did not reopen until 9 March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup> An apartment building's two-story parking lot collapsed, wrecking 68 cars. According to one health official, three hospitals in Santiago collapsed, and a dozen more south of the capital also suffered significant damage.<sup id="cite_ref-MSNBC_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-75">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Casa_Pelluhue_tras_terremoto_2010.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Casa_Pelluhue_tras_terremoto_2010.jpg/120px-Casa_Pelluhue_tras_terremoto_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Casa_Pelluhue_tras_terremoto_2010.jpg/180px-Casa_Pelluhue_tras_terremoto_2010.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Casa_Pelluhue_tras_terremoto_2010.jpg/240px-Casa_Pelluhue_tras_terremoto_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>House uprooted to the streets of Pelluhue after the tsunami. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chile_Earthquake_2010_-_Maip%C3%BA_1.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chile_Earthquake_2010_-_Maip%C3%BA_1.JPG/120px-Chile_Earthquake_2010_-_Maip%C3%BA_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chile_Earthquake_2010_-_Maip%C3%BA_1.JPG/180px-Chile_Earthquake_2010_-_Maip%C3%BA_1.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chile_Earthquake_2010_-_Maip%C3%BA_1.JPG/240px-Chile_Earthquake_2010_-_Maip%C3%BA_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>A severely damaged building in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maip%C3%BA,_Chile" title="Maipú, Chile">Maipú</a>, Santiago. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Canal_ifarle_tsunami.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Canal_ifarle_tsunami.jpg/120px-Canal_ifarle_tsunami.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Canal_ifarle_tsunami.jpg/180px-Canal_ifarle_tsunami.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Canal_ifarle_tsunami.jpg/240px-Canal_ifarle_tsunami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Tsunami in Talcahuano, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío Region</a>. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:33.5px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Vespucio_Norte_Highway_after_2010_earthquake.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vespucio_Norte_Highway_after_2010_earthquake.jpg/120px-Vespucio_Norte_Highway_after_2010_earthquake.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vespucio_Norte_Highway_after_2010_earthquake.jpg/180px-Vespucio_Norte_Highway_after_2010_earthquake.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vespucio_Norte_Highway_after_2010_earthquake.jpg/240px-Vespucio_Norte_Highway_after_2010_earthquake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1416" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Collapsed Vespucio Norte Express Highway in Santiago. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Carretera_de_la_fruta.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Carretera_de_la_fruta.jpg/120px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Carretera_de_la_fruta.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Carretera_de_la_fruta.jpg/180px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Carretera_de_la_fruta.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Carretera_de_la_fruta.jpg/240px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Carretera_de_la_fruta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Fruit Road, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O&#39;Higgins Region">O'Higgins Region</a>. </p> </div> </div></li> </ul> <p>In Valparaíso, a tsunami wave of 1.29 m was reported. The port of Valparaíso was ordered to be closed due to the damage caused by the earthquake. The port started to resume limited operations on 28 February.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup> In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>, a touristic city and part of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Greater Valparaíso">Greater Valparaíso</a>, several buildings were structurally damaged, principally in the district Plan de Viña.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Many cities in Maule region were seriously affected by the earthquake which triggered more than 1000 landslides, a significant contributor to earthquake fatalities. Mapped from satellite images, most landslides occurring in the Principal Andean <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cordillera" title="Cordillera">Cordillera</a> and a constrained area on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arauco_Peninsula" title="Arauco Peninsula">Arauco Peninsula</a>. Curanipe, only 8&#160;km (5&#160;mi) from the epicenter, was hit by a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> after the earthquake and still remained isolated from outside as of 28 February.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup> A surfer said the tsunami "...was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Effect_of_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_on_Thailand" title="Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Thailand">like the one in Thailand</a>, a sudden rise of water. One could not estimate the dimension of the wave, because it was advancing foam. There were 10 to 15 rises, the last one being at 08:30 in the morning."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup> In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a>, the capital of Maule region, many dead were trapped in the rubble. The administrative building was uninhabitable, and the authorities had to be set up in the parade ground.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup> All but two of the local hospital's thirteen wings were in ruins. Dr. Claudio Martínez was quoted as saying, "We're only keeping the people in danger of dying." Hospital staff attempted to transport some patients to Santiago on Sunday morning, but roads were blocked.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Damaged buildings and fires were reported in Concepción.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup> Rescue teams had difficulty accessing Concepción because of the damaged infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_1-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> The fifteen-story residential building "Alto Río" fell backwards, horizontally lay on the ground, and trapped many of the residents. As the building was newly completed, 19 of the apartments were occupied and 36 were unknown if there were residents therein.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup> A 2.34&#160;m (7.68&#160;ft) tsunami wave hit <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a>, a port city and part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Greater Concepción">Concepción conurbation</a>. The tsunami caused serious damage to port facilities and lifted boats out of the water.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup> In the fishing town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dichato" title="Dichato">Dichato</a>, which has 7,000 residents, it was the third tsunami wave that ended up being the most damaging.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Dilapidated buildings could be seen on the streets of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a>, about 400&#160;km (250&#160;mi) from the epicenter. The adobe of some buildings fell. Façades fell in pieces and crushed cars. Two people were reported dead because of not having been able to escape from a nightclub. On 27 February, it was reported that "to find an open business is almost impossible" ("Encontrar un negocio abierto es casi imposible").<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The earthquake also triggered more than 1000 landslides mapped from satellite images <sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup> with most landslides occurring in the Principal Andean Cordillera and a constrained area on the Arauco Peninsula<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup> Landslides are a significant contributor to earthquake fatalities. In Chile, 370,000 homes were damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup> The final death toll of 525 victims and 25 people missing was announced by authorities in January 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-muertos_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muertos-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> This is down from early reports on 3 March of 802 people dead.<sup id="cite_ref-mostrador_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mostrador-93">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The Chilean National Emergency Office (<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ONEMI" title="ONEMI">Oficina Nacional de Emergencia</a></i>) estimated that the intensity of the earthquake was 9 on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity scale</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío Region</a> and 8 in Santiago.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_1-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup> USGS put the intensity in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale">MM</a> VIII, in Santiago and Concepción at MM VII and in Valparaíso at MM VI.<sup id="cite_ref-pager_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pager-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 10 March, Swiss Reinsurance Co. estimated that the Chilean quake would cost the insurance industry between 4 and 7 billion dollars. The same estimate was echoed by the rival German-based Munich Re AG.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Terremoto_Chile_2010-Incendio_fabrica_plastico.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Terremoto_Chile_2010-Incendio_fabrica_plastico.jpg/80px-Terremoto_Chile_2010-Incendio_fabrica_plastico.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Terremoto_Chile_2010-Incendio_fabrica_plastico.jpg/120px-Terremoto_Chile_2010-Incendio_fabrica_plastico.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Terremoto_Chile_2010-Incendio_fabrica_plastico.jpg/160px-Terremoto_Chile_2010-Incendio_fabrica_plastico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Fire at a plastics plant, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago, Chile</a>. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Hospital_of_Temuco.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Hospital_of_Temuco.jpg/90px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Hospital_of_Temuco.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Hospital_of_Temuco.jpg/135px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Hospital_of_Temuco.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Hospital_of_Temuco.jpg/180px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Hospital_of_Temuco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><i>Hernán Henríquez Hospital</i> of Temuco had to be evacuated after the earthquake. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Car_destroyed_in_Temuco.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Car_destroyed_in_Temuco.jpg/120px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Car_destroyed_in_Temuco.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Car_destroyed_in_Temuco.jpg/180px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Car_destroyed_in_Temuco.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Car_destroyed_in_Temuco.jpg/240px-2010_Chile_earthquake_-_Car_destroyed_in_Temuco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>A car crushed by the rubble of a collapsed building in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a>. </p> </div> </div></li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Modified_Mercalli_intensities_for_some_localities">Modified Mercalli intensities for some localities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Modified Mercalli intensities for some localities">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Locality</th> <th>Country</th> <th>USGS<sup id="cite_ref-cities_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities-95">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup></th> <th>SS<sup id="cite_ref-sismologia_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sismologia-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-cities_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities-95">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angol" title="Angol">Angol</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>45k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>II</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arauco,_Chile" title="Arauco, Chile">Arauco</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>25k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bu%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Buín">Buín</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>55k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bulnes,_Chile" title="Bulnes, Chile">Bulnes</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>13k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabrero,_Chile" title="Cabrero, Chile">Cabrero</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>18k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calama,_Chile" title="Calama, Chile">Calama</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>II</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ete,_Chile" title="Cañete, Chile">Cañete</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>20k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carahue" title="Carahue">Carahue</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, 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height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>83k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n" title="Chillán">Chillán</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>150k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chimbarongo" title="Chimbarongo">Chimbarongo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>17k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coihueco" title="Coihueco">Coihueco</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>7k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collipulli" title="Collipulli">Collipulli</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>16k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td>IX</td> <td>215k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Constitución, Chile">Constitución</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>38k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Copiap%C3%B3" title="Copiapó">Copiapó</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>III</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coquimbo" title="Coquimbo">Coquimbo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>V</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coronel,_Chile" title="Coronel, Chile">Coronel</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>93k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corral" class="mw-redirect" title="Corral">Corral</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td>4k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curanilahue" title="Curanilahue">Curanilahue</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>31k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curic%C3%B3" title="Curicó">Curicó</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>102k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cutral-Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutral-Co">Cutral-Co</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" />&#160;</span>Argentina</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td>47k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/El_Monte,_Chile" title="El Monte, Chile">El Monte</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>23k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freire,_Chile" title="Freire, Chile">Freire</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>8k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/General_Roca" class="mw-redirect" title="General Roca">General Roca</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" />&#160;</span>Argentina</td> <td>IV</td> <td></td> <td>73k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graneros" title="Graneros">Graneros</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>23k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Calera_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Calera (Chile)">La Calera</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>49k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Huayco" title="Huayco">Huayco</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>III</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illapel" title="Illapel">Illapel</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>23k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laja,_Chile" title="Laja, Chile">Laja</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>17k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Ligua" title="La Ligua">La Ligua</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>25k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Uni%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="La Unión, Chile">La Unión</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>26k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lampa,_Chile" title="Lampa, Chile">Lampa</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>29k </td></tr> <tr> <td>Las Ánimas</td> <td></td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>30k </td></tr> <tr> <td>Las Gaviotas</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" />&#160;</span>Argentina</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td>2k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lautaro,_Chile" title="Lautaro, Chile">Lautaro</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>22k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebu,_Chile" title="Lebu, Chile">Lebu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>22k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Limache" title="Limache">Limache</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>36k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linares,_Chile" title="Linares, Chile">Linares</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, 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width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>16k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Longav%C3%AD" title="Longaví">Longaví</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>6k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Andes,_Chile" title="Los Andes, Chile">Los Andes</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>57k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_%C3%81ngeles,_B%C3%ADo_B%C3%ADo" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Ángeles, Bío Bío">Los Ángeles</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>125k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lota,_Chile" title="Lota, Chile">Lota</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>50k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Machali" title="Machali">Machali</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>28k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melipilla" title="Melipilla">Melipilla</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>63k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" />&#160;</span>Argentina</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td>877k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Molina,_Chile" title="Molina, Chile">Molina</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>29k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mulch%C3%A9n" title="Mulchén">Mulchén</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>22k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nacimiento,_Chile" title="Nacimiento, Chile">Nacimiento</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>21k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neuqu%C3%A9n" title="Neuquén">Neuquén</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" />&#160;</span>Argentina</td> <td>IV</td> <td></td> <td>242k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nueva_Imperial" title="Nueva Imperial">Nueva Imperial</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>19k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osorno,_Chile" title="Osorno, Chile">Osorno</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>136k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paine,_Chile" title="Paine, Chile">Paine</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>33k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panguipulli" title="Panguipulli">Panguipulli</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>16k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parral,_Chile" title="Parral, Chile">Parral</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>27k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pe%C3%B1aflor,_Chile" title="Peñaflor, Chile">Peñaflor</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>66k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penco" title="Penco">Penco</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>46k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pitrufquen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitrufquen">Pitrufquen</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>14k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>V</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quillota" title="Quillota">Quillota</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>68k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quilpu%C3%A9" title="Quilpué">Quilpué</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>130k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rancagua" title="Rancagua">Rancagua</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td>VIII</td> <td>213k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rengo,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Rengo, Chile">Rengo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>38k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bueno,_Chile" title="Río Bueno, Chile">Río Bueno</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td>15k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salamanca,_Chile" title="Salamanca, Chile">Salamanca</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>13k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Antonio,_Chile" title="San Antonio, Chile">San Antonio</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>86k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Bernardo,_Chile" title="San Bernardo, Chile">San Bernardo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>250k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Carlos,_Chile" title="San Carlos, Chile">San Carlos</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>32k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Clemente" class="mw-redirect" title="San Clemente">San Clemente</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>14k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Felipe,_Chile" title="San Felipe, Chile">San Felipe</a></td> <td><span 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srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" />&#160;</span>Argentina</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td>184k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_los_Andes" title="San Martín de los Andes">San Martín</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" />&#160;</span>Argentina</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td>83k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Rafael,_Mendoza" title="San 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src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td>VIII</td> <td>4,837k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talagante" title="Talagante">Talagante</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>52k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td>VIII</td> <td>197k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>253k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td>VIII</td> <td>238k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teno" title="Teno">Teno</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>7k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tierra_Amarilla,_Chile" title="Tierra Amarilla, Chile">Tierra Amarilla</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>III</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom%C3%A9" title="Tomé">Tomé</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VIII</td> <td></td> <td>47k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Traigu%C3%A9n" title="Traiguén">Traiguén</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>14k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td>VI</td> <td>133k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td>VI</td> <td>282k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria,_Chile" title="Victoria, Chile">Victoria</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>25k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a,_Chile" title="Vicuña, Chile">Vicuña</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td></td> <td>III-IV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vilc%C3%BAn" title="Vilcún">Vilcún</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>9k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villa_Alemana" title="Villa Alemana">Villa Alemana</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>97k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Villarrica,_Chile" title="Villarrica, Chile">Villarrica</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VI</td> <td></td> <td>32k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td>VI</td> <td>295k </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yumbel" title="Yumbel">Yumbel</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>VII</td> <td></td> <td>11k </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Notes: USGS=United States Geological Survey, SS=Chile's Seismological Service.</small> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Identified_fatalities">Identified fatalities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Identified fatalities">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The records of deaths were reported by a number of different agencies at different figures immediately after the earthquake. The official total is 525 dead, 25 missing<sup id="cite_ref-muertos_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muertos-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> not all of which are identified in the table below. </p> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Deaths caused by the earthquake and tsunami by region<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">&#91;note 1&#93;</a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#eaeaea;"> <th>Region </th> <th>27. February<sup id="cite_ref-onemi27-2_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onemi27-2-97">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup> </th> <th>28. February<sup id="cite_ref-onemi28_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onemi28-98">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup> </th> <th>1. March<sup id="cite_ref-onemi01_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onemi01-99">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup> </th> <th>2. March<sup id="cite_ref-onemi02_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onemi02-100">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup> </th> <th>3. March<sup id="cite_ref-onemi03_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onemi03-101">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup> </th> <th style="border-left: 2px #aaa solid;">4. March<sup id="cite_ref-lista1_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lista1-102">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup> </th> <th>5. March<sup id="cite_ref-tercera05_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tercera05-103">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup> </th> <th>8. March<sup id="cite_ref-lista2_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lista2-104">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">050</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">055</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_Metropolitana_de_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Región Metropolitana de Santiago">Metropolitana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38 </td> <td style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">060</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O&#39;Higgins Region">O'Higgins</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48 </td> <td style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">070</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">541 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">544 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">587 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">587 </td> <td style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;">177 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">269 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">080</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biobio_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Biobio Region">Biobio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92 </td> <td style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;">56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">120 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">090</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_Region" title="Araucanía Region">Araucanía</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="background:#eaeaea;"> <td><b>National total</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">708 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">723 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">796 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">799 </td> <td style="border-left:2px #aaa solid; text-align:right;">279 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">452 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">497 </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:V%C3%ADctimas_del_terremoto_de_Chile_de_2010.svg" class="image" title="Geographic distribution of the death toll (red: caused by the earthquake; blue: caused by the tsunami)."><img alt="Geographic distribution of the death toll (red: caused by the earthquake; blue: caused by the tsunami)." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/V%C3%ADctimas_del_terremoto_de_Chile_de_2010.svg/500px-V%C3%ADctimas_del_terremoto_de_Chile_de_2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="219" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/V%C3%ADctimas_del_terremoto_de_Chile_de_2010.svg/750px-V%C3%ADctimas_del_terremoto_de_Chile_de_2010.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/V%C3%ADctimas_del_terremoto_de_Chile_de_2010.svg/1000px-V%C3%ADctimas_del_terremoto_de_Chile_de_2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="350" /></a></div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Population_with_destroyed_or_severely_damaged_homes">Population with destroyed or severely damaged homes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Population with destroyed or severely damaged homes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The table below shows the percentage of the regional population whose homes were destroyed or were severely damaged by the earthquake and tsunami in the six most affected regions. The data were collected between May and June 2010. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region<br />(north to south)</th> <th>Percentage of<br />regional population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">Santiago</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O&#39;Higgins Region">O'Higgins</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">12.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">20.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">17.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_Region" title="Araucanía Region">Araucanía</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">5.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total (six regions)</th> <th>8.8 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807122915/http://www.mideplan.gob.cl/encuesta-post-terremoto/documentos/informe-encuesta-post-terremoto.pdf">Casen Post-Earthquake Survey</a>, Ministry of Planning.</small> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Humanitarian_response">Humanitarian response</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Humanitarian response">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response to the 2010 Chile earthquake">Humanitarian response to the 2010 Chile earthquake</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_relief_efforts_after_the_2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake">Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake</a></div> <p>Despite President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a>'s earlier statement that Chile would only ask for international aid once it had assessed the extent of the damage,<sup id="cite_ref-Impulsobaires_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impulsobaires-105">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup> leaders of many countries and intergovernmental organizations, including the United Nations and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, responded to the earthquake and sent messages of condolence to the government and people of Chile over the loss of lives and property. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the United States, United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, Singapore, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> were among the countries that responded earliest following the quake.<sup id="cite_ref-xinhuanet1_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xinhuanet1-106">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup> Appeals for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a> were issued by the UK-based <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> and others. </p><p>Chilean television host <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Francisco_(television_host)" title="Don Francisco (television host)">Don Francisco</a> led a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telethon" title="Telethon">telethon</a> called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile_helps_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile helps Chile">Chile helps Chile</a></i> with the goal of raising 15 billion <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">pesos</a> (about US$29 million) needed to build 30,000 emergency houses ("<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mediagua" title="Mediagua">mediaguas</a>"). The charity event, which ran for 24 hours in Santiago starting on Friday 5 March at 22:00, was summoned by the government and organized by several Chilean NGOs. At 23:00 on Saturday the goal was doubled, collecting 30.2 billion pesos (about US$58 million).<sup id="cite_ref-details_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-details-108">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The Chilean NGO <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Un_Techo_para_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Un Techo para Chile">Un Techo para Chile</a> constructed 23,886 transitional houses for families affected by the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Conditions_in_the_aftermath">Conditions in the aftermath</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Conditions in the aftermath">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chaos_and_disorder">Chaos and disorder</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Chaos and disorder">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Nearly half the places in the country were declared "catastrophe zones", and curfews were imposed in some areas of looting and public disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup> On 28 February 2010, a day after the earthquake, some affected cities were chaotic, with extensive looting of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supermarkets" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarkets">supermarkets</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>. Items stolen included not only food and other necessities, but also electronic goods and other durable merchandise. To control vandalism, a special force of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile"><i>carabineros</i></a> (police) was sent to disperse rioters with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> and water cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup> However, measures were taken late. The outgoing president didn't want to remind people of the Dictatorship years by militarizing the streets, thus failed to provide assistance on time to the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> When the situation became unsustainable and all sectors of the population were demanding actions, the government authorized the use of the military to control the affected cities. Despite these and other government acts (including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfews</a>), pillaging continued in both urban and rural areas of the affected zones.<sup id="cite_ref-Ya_son_723_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ya_son_723-112">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup> Reportedly, military police arrested 160 in Concepción on 1 and 2 March.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">&#91;112&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu,_Chile_(27_Feb._2010).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu%2C_Chile_%2827_Feb._2010%29.jpg/220px-Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu%2C_Chile_%2827_Feb._2010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu%2C_Chile_%2827_Feb._2010%29.jpg/330px-Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu%2C_Chile_%2827_Feb._2010%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu%2C_Chile_%2827_Feb._2010%29.jpg/440px-Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu%2C_Chile_%2827_Feb._2010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tsunami_damage_in_Pichilemu,_Chile_(27_Feb._2010).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Kiosks destroyed by the tsunami in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a>.</div></div></div> <p>In Concepción, despite the militarization of the zone, mobs continued to steal from supermarkets and went as far as to set one store ablaze.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">&#91;113&#93;</a></sup> The government warned looters they would face the full weight of the law, as penalties for stealing are increased under a state of catastrophe. A week after the quake the police—tipped by neighbors—arrested three people with massive quantities of looted goods stashed in their homes. Other looted goods such as mattresses, furniture, television sets and other electronic appliances were abandoned in the streets of Concepción during the following days.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">&#91;114&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg/200px-Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg/300px-Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg/400px-Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_Earthquake_in_Chile.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The damaged <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chilean_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts">Museum of Fine Arts</a></div></div></div> <p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> on 5 March, the city and fishing port of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a>, which lies but a few kilometers down the coast from Concepción, has been left largely to fend for itself. Neighbourhood vigilante groups, including one led by a public works employee with a gun license, and the few police present allow such behavior as residents' siphoning fuel from tanks at a petrol station, but step in if someone starts to attack a cash machine. One man stated, "I've personally saved dozens of people from attack in this apartment block."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">&#91;115&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Chileans living in regions not affected by the earthquake (including those living abroad) also grieved, as they sought to learn more regarding kinsmen and friends affected by the earthquake. In the hardest-hit zones there was no communication with the exterior because of the failure of electricity and the destruction of telephone lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Ya_son_723_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ya_son_723-112">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prison_escape">Prison escape</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Prison escape">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In the prison of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/El_Manzano_(prison)" title="El Manzano (prison)">El Manzano</a> in Concepción, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prison_riot" title="Prison riot">prison riot</a> began after a failed escape attempt by the inmates. Different parts of the prison were set afire and the riot was brought under control only after the guards shot into the air and received help from military units.<sup id="cite_ref-elmerc_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elmerc-117">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>By 1 March, prison guards in a prison in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n" title="Chillán">Chillán</a> had recaptured 36 of 203 prisoners who had escaped following the earthquake. During their escape, prisoners burned seven houses close to the prison. A witness in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n" title="Chillán">Chillán</a> asserted that he had been robbed by prisoners with a machine gun who had also forced his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Girlfriend" title="Girlfriend">girlfriend</a> to kiss them. Another witness alleged <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual molestation</a> by around twenty men who were believed to be escaped prisoners. The leading Chilean newspaper <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/El_Mercurio" title="El Mercurio">El Mercurio</a></i> described the situation in Chillán as reminiscent of the "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild West">Wild West</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-elmerc_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elmerc-117">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Government_response">Government response</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Government response">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Four hours after the earthquake, when the death count was still low, President Bachelet gave a press conference in which she informed the population of the situation and stated that Chile did not yet need international aid.<sup id="cite_ref-Impulsobaires_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impulsobaires-105">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup> However, about two million people were affected by the quake with more than 500,000 houses uninhabitable. In many cities, people slept in tents, in parks or simply on the streets for fear of aftershocks. The government began distributing food and other vital aid around the country.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">&#91;117&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 28 February, President Bachelet said that her government had reached an agreement with the major supermarkets which would allow them to give away basic foodstuffs in stock to people affected by the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">&#91;118&#93;</a></sup> By 28 February, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santiago_Metro" title="Santiago Metro">Santiago Metro</a> rapid-transit network was already partially up and running and expected to be fully operative on the following day, 1 March.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 4 March, President-elect <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a>, who assumed office on 11 March, was quoted as saying that his goals were "to cope with the emergency needs of citizens, find people who are still missing, provide prompt and timely assistance to the sick and wounded, and restore law and order so that people can return to peace."<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Economic_recovery">Economic recovery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Economic recovery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Authorities of the central port city of San Antonio speaking on 3 March 2010, stated that the port had returned to eighty percent of capacity. On the same date, Raul Maturana, a spokesman for the Federation of Port Workers' union, stated that the port of Valparaíso was operating normally. However, ports in southern Chile, which were closer to the epicenter, remained closed.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 4 March, President Bachelet said that Chile would need international loans and three to four years to rebuild.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Food_scarcity">Food scarcity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Food scarcity">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On 10 March the National Commission for Agricultural emergencies (CNEA) assured that milk and wheat prices would not rise, despite fears of lack of fuel supply for transport and harvest of these products. In the same CNEA report the mill associations of central and southern Chile are said to have expressed that they had currently no production difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup> Despite this on 11 March newspaper <a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Segunda" title="La Segunda">La Segunda</a> cited the president of the bakeries association complaining on unjustified price rises for flour, who said of cases of price rises of 10 to 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The earthquake affected production at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_de_Cervecer%C3%ADas_Unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas">Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas</a> (CCU) and Cervecería Chile factories that together have a 90% share of the Chilean beer market. With an average annual per capita consumption of 36 liters, scarcity caused prices to rise from 990–1500 to 2000 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean pesos</a> per litre. CCU responded by increasing capacity of their plant in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a> that did not suffer major damage during the earthquake and by importing beer from their factories in Argentina. 50 trucks with beer are reported to have reached Santiago from Argentina. In March 2010, ten CCU executives said that the country will not run out of beer and that within two to three months production levels would be normalized.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">&#91;125&#93;</a></sup> Liquor store owners expressed complaints regarding a beer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">rationing</a> scheme implemented by CCU. The scarcity favored consumption of "premium beers" like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kunstmann" title="Kunstmann">Kunstmann</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pace%C3%B1a" title="Paceña">Paceña</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sunami">Sunami</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Sunami">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Chile- it killed all the OG barbz. Rip </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chile">Chile</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Chile">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg/220px-Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg/330px-Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg/440px-Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_Balcony_after_2010_Chile_earthquake.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Ross_balcony" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustín Ross balcony">Agustín Ross balcony</a> damaged after the earthquake and tsunami in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a>.</div></div></div> <p>Some 30 minutes after the first shock, consecutive tsunamis hit coastal towns, among which <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Constitución, Chile">Constitución</a> suffered the hardest damage;<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup> subsequently, a tsunami amplitude of up to 2.6&#160;m (8&#160;ft 6&#160;in) high was recorded in the sea at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_1-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">&#91;128&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PTWC3_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTWC3-130">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup> A <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wave" title="Wave">wave</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitude</a> of 2.34&#160;m (7.68&#160;ft) was recorded at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_Region" title="Biobío Region">Biobío Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PTWC-index_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTWC-index-131">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_Island" title="Robinson Crusoe Island">Robinson Crusoe Island</a>, the largest of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a>, was struck by a large wave which led to the deaths of four people on the island, with eleven people reported as missing, according to Provincial Governor Ivan De La Maza. President Bachelet is reported to have sent an aid mission to the remote island.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN01_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN01-133">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>As a precaution against the coming tsunami, partial evacuation was ordered in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>, about 3,510&#160;km (2,180&#160;mi) away from the coast of Chile. The tsunami wave arrived in Easter Island at 12:05 UTC, measuring 0.35&#160;m (1.15&#160;ft).<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">&#91;133&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">&#91;134&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>On 27 February, defense minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francisco_Vidal_(Chilean_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Vidal (Chilean politician)">Francisco Vidal</a> said that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> had made a mistake by not immediately issuing a tsunami warning after the earthquake, a step that could have helped coastal villagers flee to higher ground sooner. However, an alarm was later sounded by port captains and saved some lives.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">&#91;135&#93;</a></sup> Mariano Rojas Bustos, then head of Chile's oceanographic service <a href="/enwiki/wiki/SHOA" class="mw-redirect" title="SHOA">SHOA</a>, which is part of the country's navy, was later fired for the organization's failure to provide clear warnings about the tsunami.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10630298_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10630298-137">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Oceania">Oceania</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt>New Zealand</dt></dl> <p>Initially, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Zealand_Ministry_of_Civil_Defence_and_Emergency_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management">New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management</a> (CDEM) said they did not expect a tsunami to reach New Zealand,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup> but later issued a warning stating that waves of up to 1&#160;m (3&#160;ft 3&#160;in) high were likely for the eastern<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup> and later the entire <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> coast.<sup id="cite_ref-NZalert_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZalert-140">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> By 19:55 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> (08:40 local), CDEM reported wave activity of 50&#160;cm (1.6&#160;ft) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">&#91;140&#93;</a></sup> and 2&#160;m (6&#160;ft 7&#160;in) surges were reported there later in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup> A surge 2.2&#160;m (7&#160;ft 3&#160;in) high hit the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NZalert_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZalert-140">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_3387060_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_3387060-143">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup> while surges up to 1&#160;m (3&#160;ft 3&#160;in) high were reported in the northern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">&#91;143&#93;</a></sup> By mid afternoon (local time), Civil Defence had downgraded the tsunami warning to an alert, while still advising that sea levels could change quickly for up to 24 hours from the initial surge.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_3384728_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_3384728-145">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Antarctica</dt></dl> <p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Antarctic_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Antarctic Program">U.S. Antarctic Program</a>'s coastal station along the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmer_Station" title="Palmer Station">Palmer Station</a>, went on a tsunami alert shortly after the earthquake struck Chile. To prepare for a possible tsunami, station personnel removed all Zodiac boats from the water and moved any materials from low-lying areas that waves could have swept away. Personnel also retreated to the station's highest building, GWR, while the tsunami warning was in effect, Ellis said. Palmer personnel developed a tsunami emergency plan following the 2004 earthquake in the Indian Ocean that created a tsunami that killed more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. While no noticeable tsunami occurred at Palmer, the station tide monitor displayed bumps of several centimeters, signifying that a small wave had indeed reached the shores of Anvers Island.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Australia</dt></dl> <p>The <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Joint_Australian_Tsunami_Warning_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Center (page does not exist)">Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Center</a> (JATWC) sent out tsunami warnings for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island" title="Lord Howe Island">Lord Howe Island</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>. The organization warned of the possibility of dangerous waves, strong ocean currents and foreshore flooding to occur on the east coast of Australia for several hours on Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">&#91;146&#93;</a></sup> As a result of the warnings, patrolled beaches in New South Wales and Queensland remained closed (red flags) and lifeguards ushered people to leave the water. However beach goers and surfers ignored the warnings. Numerous onlookers also crowded parts of the shore to view potential effects of the tsunami.<sup id="cite_ref-newscom_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newscom-148">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup> The beach ban was lifted by the end of the day and there was no reports of damage, flooding or other emergencies. Tsunami waves of between 10&#160;cm and 50&#160;cm were recorded and their surges were believed to have created strong currents. Increases in sea levels include: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> 50&#160;cm, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast (Qld)</a> 20&#160;cm, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Port_Kembla,_New_South_Wales" title="Port Kembla, New South Wales">Port Kembla (NSW)</a> 14&#160;cm, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southport_Island" title="Southport Island">Southport (Tas)</a> 17&#160;cm.<sup id="cite_ref-newscom_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newscom-148">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>French Polynesia</dt></dl> <p>A wave measuring up to 1.8&#160;m (5&#160;ft 11&#160;in) high struck portions of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> between 15:50 to 17:50 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> with no reports of injuries as of February&#160;28,&#32;2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-sb_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sb-149">&#91;148&#93;</a></sup> A wave 4 meters high is reported to have struck <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hiva_Oa" title="Hiva Oa">Hiva Oa</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">&#91;149&#93;</a></sup> The first waves were expected to hit the main island of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> at approximately 16:50 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> (07:50 local).<sup id="cite_ref-rnzi_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnzi-151">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> Cars and other automobiles were banned from roads closer than 500&#160;m (1,600&#160;ft) from the Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-rnzi_151-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnzi-151">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_France_Outre-mer" class="mw-redirect" title="Réseau France Outre-mer">Réseau France Outre-mer</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Papeete" title="Papeete">Papeete</a> reported that a wave measuring less than 1&#160;m (3&#160;ft 3&#160;in) passed east of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gambier_Islands" title="Gambier Islands">Gambier Islands</a> with no damage, according to <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Monique_Richeton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Monique Richeton (page does not exist)">Monique Richeton</a>, the mayor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rikitea" title="Rikitea">Rikitea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">&#91;151&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rnzi_151-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnzi-151">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> Residents of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotus</a>, which are low-lying, were told to move to the highest points on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-rnzi_151-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnzi-151">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>American Samoa</dt></dl> <p>The first wave was expected to reach <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, which is still recovering from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2009_Samoa_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami">2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami</a>, at 08:51 local time.<sup id="cite_ref-rnzi_151-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnzi-151">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_American_Samoa" title="Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ipulasi_Aitofele_Sunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia">Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia</a> urged residents not to rush to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/A%27oloau" title="A&#39;oloau">A'oloau</a>, a high elevation area on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a>, as it could cause traffic jams, putting safety at risk.<sup id="cite_ref-rnzi_151-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnzi-151">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> Many coastal towns, including the main city of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pago_Pago" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>, had already been heavily damaged in the 2009 tsunami. The first wave arrived on Pago Plaza at 21:58 UTC. </p> <dl><dt>Philippines</dt></dl> <p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Institute_of_Volcanology_and_Seismology" title="Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology">Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology</a> (Phivolcs) issued an advisory that tsunami wave(s) were expected to hit the eastern coast of the Philippines on Sunday between 05:00 and 06:30 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> (13:00 and 14:30 local). Residents of 19 eastern provinces "are advised to prepare for possible evacuation."<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup> However, at 15:15 on 28 February 2010, all warnings were canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">&#91;153&#93;</a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Hawaii</dt></dl> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senators">United States Senators</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Daniel Akaka</a> issued a joint <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">press release</a> announcing the first tsunami evacuation in Hawaii since 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-ha_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ha-155">&#91;154&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ha2_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ha2-156">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup> Warning sirens were sounded throughout the state, as hotels in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waikiki" title="Waikiki">Waikiki</a> evacuated tourists at 6&#160;a.m. People in tall buildings were encouraged to move above the third floor. Waves measuring 2.7 metres high were originally predicted to strike <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hilo_Bay" title="Hilo Bay">Hilo Bay</a> on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Big_Island_of_Hawai%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Island of Hawai&#39;i">Big Island of Hawai'i</a> at 11:05 local time (21:05 GMT),<sup id="cite_ref-hsb_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsb-157">&#91;156&#93;</a></sup> but by 11:18, major receding and waves had not been reported on the shoreline. By 11:40, several waves hit the islands amounting to raising and lowering of the sea near the coast, and a fourth wave hit around 13:12. The tsunami warning for Hawaii was canceled in the early afternoon on Saturday, 27 February. </p><p>Gerard Fryer, a geophysicist for the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center was quoted as saying: "We expected the waves to be bigger in Hawaii, maybe about 50 percent bigger than they actually were."<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup> Early in the morning, the Center expected waves of 3 metres. In actuality, the highest tsunami waves ended up being about 1.5 to 1.8 metres peak to trough.<sup id="cite_ref-GordonPangFeb28_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GordonPangFeb28-159">&#91;158&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="North_America">North America</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: North America">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt>British Columbia</dt></dl> <p>At around 23:00 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> (15:00 local), a tsunami warning was issued for coastal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. Extra precautions were already in place due to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> being held in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">&#91;159&#93;</a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>California</dt></dl> <p>Small waves were expected in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, and receding was reported at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a>. Minor damage was reported on some coastal areas. The tsunami damaged navigation buoys at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">&#91;160&#93;</a></sup> Additionally, a boat was torn loose from its mooring and minor erosion occurred within Ventura Harbor. Damage to docks and pilings in the area was moderate.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">&#91;161&#93;</a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Guerrero</dt></dl> <p>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a>, surges of between 30&#160;cm and 1 meter and receding of up to 10 m were reported, and three small vessels were sunk at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tecp%C3%A1n_de_Galeana_(municipality)" title="Tecpán de Galeana (municipality)">Tecpán de Galeana</a>. The state tourism authorities announced they would be sending a letter to the CNN news network to protest the "alarming" way in which it had forecast a tsunami for the major tourist destination of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">&#91;162&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tsunami-related_aid_given">Tsunami-related aid given</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Tsunami-related aid given">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="image"><img alt="[icon]" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> has sent construction teams to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Island" title="Chiloé Island">Chiloé Island</a> to help reconstruct some of the washed away coastal buildings. In July 2010, the government of Argentina released a statement that they would lend $300 million to Chile for reconstruction efforts using Argentine goods.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">&#91;163&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Data">Data</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Data">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The following data, published by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="Pacific Tsunami Warning Center">Pacific Tsunami Warning Center</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="National Tsunami Warning Center">National Tsunami Warning Center</a>, lists measured and reported values of the tsunami when it arrived at specific places. Some data is taken from the Chilean Army. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Tsunami arrival data<sup id="cite_ref-PTWC-index_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTWC-index-131">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PTWC-015_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTWC-015-165">&#91;164&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">&#91;165&#93;</a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Station </th> <th>Country or territory </th> <th>Latitude </th> <th>Longitude </th> <th>Time (UTC) </th> <th>Height (m) </th> <th>Height (ft) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>34.23 S</td> <td>72.0 W</td> <td>06:48</td> <td>3.02</td> <td>10.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>36.9 S</td> <td>75.4 W</td> <td>06:53</td> <td>2.34</td> <td>7.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>33 S</td> <td>71.6 W</td> <td>07:08</td> <td>1.29</td> <td>4.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corral,_Chile" title="Corral, Chile">Corral</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>39.9 S</td> <td>73.4 W</td> <td>07:39</td> <td>0.90</td> <td>2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desventuradas_Islands" title="Desventuradas Islands">San Felix</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>26.3 S</td> <td>80.1 W</td> <td>08:15</td> <td>0.53</td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caldera,_Chile" title="Caldera, Chile">Caldera</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>27.1 S</td> <td>70.8 W</td> <td>08:34</td> <td>0.45</td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancud" title="Ancud">Ancud</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>41.9 S</td> <td>73.8 W</td> <td>08:38</td> <td>0.62</td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coquimbo" title="Coquimbo">Coquimbo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>30 S</td> <td>71.3 W</td> <td>08:52</td> <td>1.32</td> <td>4.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>20.2 S</td> <td>70.1 W</td> <td>09:07</td> <td>0.28</td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep-ocean_Assessment_and_Reporting_of_Tsunamis" title="Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis">DART</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Peru</td> <td>18 S</td> <td>86.4 W</td> <td>09:41</td> <td>0.24</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>23.2 S</td> <td>70.4 W</td> <td>09:41</td> <td>0.49</td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>18.5 S</td> <td>70.3 W</td> <td>10:08</td> <td>0.94</td> <td>3.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Peru</td> <td>12.1 S</td> <td>77.2 W</td> <td>10:29</td> <td>0.36</td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Chile</td> <td>27.2 S</td> <td>109.5 W</td> <td>12:05</td> <td>0.35</td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quepos" title="Quepos">Quepos</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Costa Rica</td> <td>9.45 N</td> <td>84.15 W</td> <td>14:16</td> <td>0.24</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Galapagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagos Islands">Galapagos Islands</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" />&#160;</span>Ecuador</td> <td>0.4 S</td> <td>90.3 W</td> <td>14:52</td> <td>0.35</td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep-ocean_Assessment_and_Reporting_of_Tsunamis" title="Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis">DART</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" />&#160;</span>French Polynesia</td> <td>8.5 S</td> <td>125 W</td> <td>15:31</td> <td>0.18</td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rikitea" title="Rikitea">Rikitea</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" />&#160;</span>United States</td> <td>37.8 N</td> <td>122.5 W</td> <td>21:20</td> <td>0.26</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hilo,_Hawaii" title="Hilo, Hawaii">Hilo, Hawaii</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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(March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Japan</td> <td>40.30 N</td> <td>141.29 E</td> <td>08:44</td> <td>0.9</td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nemuro,_Hokkaido" title="Nemuro, Hokkaido">Nemuro, Hokkaido</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Japan</td> <td>43.20 N</td> <td>145.35 E</td> <td>09:23</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuji,_Iwate" title="Kuji, Iwate">Kuji, Iwate</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Japan</td> <td>40.11 N</td> <td>141.46 E</td> <td>10:01</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susaki,_K%C5%8Dchi" title="Susaki, Kōchi">Susaki, Kōchi</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Japan</td> <td>33.24 N</td> <td>133.17 E</td> <td>10:42</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shibushi,_Kagoshima" title="Shibushi, Kagoshima">Shibushi, Kagoshima</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" />&#160;</span>Japan</td> <td>31.30 N</td> <td>131.03 E</td> <td>10:56</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>3.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021810730">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:right;font-size:80%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid #eaecf0 1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:#fff!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"><div style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><div style="margin:15.5px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_travel_time_projection_2010-02-27.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_travel_time_projection_2010-02-27.jpg/180px-2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_travel_time_projection_2010-02-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="179" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_travel_time_projection_2010-02-27.jpg/270px-2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_travel_time_projection_2010-02-27.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_travel_time_projection_2010-02-27.jpg/360px-2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_travel_time_projection_2010-02-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="894" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Tsunami ETA <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> (hour 0=06:34 UTC 27 Feb) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"><div style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><div style="margin:40px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_projection_2010-02-27.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_projection_2010-02-27.png/180px-2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_projection_2010-02-27.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="130" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_projection_2010-02-27.png/270px-2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_projection_2010-02-27.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_projection_2010-02-27.png/360px-2010_Chile_earthquake_NOAA_tsunami_projection_2010-02-27.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="726" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>The energy model map of the tsunami. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"><div style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><div style="margin:59.5px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg/180px-Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="91" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg/270px-Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg/360px-Chile_Quake_Warning_Area_2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Countries with coastal areas that were at risk (in pink). </p> </div> </div></li> </ul></div></div></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright"> <ul> <li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/32px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/48px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/64px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Chile" title="Portal:Chile">Chile portal</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/03:34:_Earthquake_in_Chile" title="03:34: Earthquake in Chile">03:34: Earthquake in Chile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Chile_blackout" title="2010 Chile blackout">2010 Chile blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Pichilemu_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Pichilemu earthquake">2010 Pichilemu earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_Puyehue-Cord%C3%B3n_Caulle_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption">2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption</a></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aftershock_(2012_film)" title="Aftershock (2012 film)">Aftershock</a></i></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_21st-century_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 21st-century earthquakes">List of 21st-century earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_2010" title="List of earthquakes in 2010">List of earthquakes in 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile" title="List of earthquakes in Chile">List of earthquakes in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lists_of_earthquakes" title="Lists of earthquakes">Lists of earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_megathrust_earthquakes" title="List of megathrust earthquakes">List of megathrust earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seismicity_of_the_Chilean_coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismicity of the Chilean coast">Seismicity of the Chilean coast</a></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Tiger" title="The Year of the Tiger">The Year of the Tiger</a></i></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The numbers were given by Chilean National Emergency Office (ONEMI) until 3. March. Up 14. March the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Interior (Chile)">Ministry of the Interior</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sismologia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sismologia_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2010/02/27-0634-28L.S201002.html"><i>Informe de sismo sensible</i></a> (in Spanish), Servicio Sismológico, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">Universidad de Chile</a>, 27 February 2010, sismologia.cl<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Informe+de+sismo+sensible&amp;rft.pages=sismologia.cl&amp;rft.pub=Servicio+Sismol%C3%B3gico%2C+Universidad+de+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sismologia.cl%2Fevents%2Fsensibles%2F2010%2F02%2F27-0634-28L.S201002.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301114502/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/">"USGS Earthquake Details"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/">the original</a> on 1 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=USGS+Earthquake+Details&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feqinthenews%2F2010%2Fus2010tfan%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS_M8.8-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_M8.8_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_M8.8_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20100227063411530_30/executive">"M 8.8 - 36 km WNW of Quirihue, Chile"</a>. <i>earthquake.usgs.gov</i>. USGS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=earthquake.usgs.gov&amp;rft.atitle=M+8.8+-+36+km+WNW+of+Quirihue%2C+Chile&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feventpage%2Fofficial20100227063411530_30%2Fexecutive&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.csn.uchile.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Informe_Terremoto_Cauquenes_2010.pdf">http://www.csn.uchile.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Informe_Terremoto_Cauquenes_2010.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muertos-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-muertos_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-muertos_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-muertos_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-muertos_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114043429/http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf">"Subsecretaría del Interior de Chile (31 January 2011). "Informe final de fallecidos y desaparecidos por comuna<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interior.gob.cl/filesapp/listado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Subsecretar%C3%ADa+del+Interior+de+Chile+%2831+January+2011%29.+%22Informe+final+de+fallecidos+y+desaparecidos+por+comuna%22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interior.gob.cl%2Ffilesapp%2Flistado_fallecidos_desaparecidos_27Feb.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Labeled by the local media as "27F", probably influenced by Spanish events, such as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" title="1981 Spanish coup d&#39;état attempt">1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt</a>, known as "23F", or the more recent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a>, called the "11M".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters_1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters_1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters_1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227">"Reuters earthquake report"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 10 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228184435/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE61Q0S920100227">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Reuters+earthquake+report&amp;rft.date=2010-06-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSTRE61Q0S920100227&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unavco.org/community_science/science_highlights/2010/M8.8-Chile.html">"Science Highlights 2010 – UNAVCO Event Response – Mw=8.8 Chile Earthquake Feb. 27, 2010"</a>. UNAVCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Science+Highlights+2010+%E2%80%93+UNAVCO+Event+Response+%E2%80%93+Mw%3D8.8+Chile+Earthquake+Feb.+27%2C+2010&amp;rft.pub=UNAVCO&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unavco.org%2Fcommunity_science%2Fscience_highlights%2F2010%2FM8.8-Chile.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pager-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pager_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pager_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200203/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html">"PAGER–M 8.8–OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE"</a>. Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010tfan/index.html">the original</a> on 2 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=PAGER%E2%80%93M+8.8%E2%80%93OFFSHORE+MAULE%2C+CHILE&amp;rft.pub=Earthquake.usgs.gov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Fpager%2Fevents%2Fus%2F2010tfan%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infobae-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infobae_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/general/502937-101275-0-Confirman-que-el-sismo-Chile-se-sinti%C3%B3-Buenos-Aires">"Confirman que el sismo de Chile se sintió en Buenos Aires"</a> (in Spanish). Infobae. 27 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Confirman+que+el+sismo+de+Chile+se+sinti%C3%B3+en+Buenos+Aires&amp;rft.pub=Infobae&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Fgeneral%2F502937-101275-0-Confirman-que-el-sismo-Chile-se-sinti%25C3%25B3-Buenos-Aires&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infobae_news_2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-infobae_news_2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/general/502942-101275-0-En-la-regi%C3%B3n-Cuyo-se-sinti%C3%B3-muy-fuerte-el-temblor-Chile">"En la región de Cuyo "se sintió muy fuerte" el temblor de Chile"</a>. <i>Infobae.com</i>. 27 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Infobae.com&amp;rft.atitle=En+la+regi%C3%B3n+de+Cuyo+%22se+sinti%C3%B3+muy+fuerte%22+el+temblor+de+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Fgeneral%2F502942-101275-0-En-la-regi%25C3%25B3n-Cuyo-se-sinti%25C3%25B3-muy-fuerte-el-temblor-Chile&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014174913/http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile-">"Temblor sacude Ica y causa temor en pobladores tras terremoto en Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Peru.com&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peru.com (page does not exist)">Peru.com</a></i> (in Spanish). 27 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100227/83441/Temblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile-">the original</a> on 14 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Peru.com&amp;rft.atitle=Temblor+sacude+Ica+y+causa+temor+en+pobladores+tras+terremoto+en+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peru.com%2Fnoticias%2Fportada20100227%2F83441%2FTemblor-sacude-Ica-y-causa-temor-en-pobladores-tras-terremoto-en-Chile-&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sky_news_1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sky_news_1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago/Article/201002415561008?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&amp;lid=ARTICLE_15561008_Chile%3A_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale%2C_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago">"Tsunami After Major Earthquake Hits Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></i>. 27 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100402111537/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago/Article/201002415561008?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&amp;lid=ARTICLE_15561008_Chile%3A_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale%2C_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sky+News&amp;rft.atitle=Tsunami+After+Major+Earthquake+Hits+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fskynews%2FHome%2FWorld-News%2FChile-Earthquake-Measuring-83-On-The-Richter-Scale-Hits-Concepcion-And-Capital-Santiago%2FArticle%2F201002415561008%3Flpos%3DWorld_News_Carousel_Region_0%26lid%3DARTICLE_15561008_Chile%253A_Earthquake_Measuring_8.3_On_The_Richter_Scale%252C_Hits_Concepcion_And_Capital_Santiago&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316004001/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfan.php">"Magnitude 8.8 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE"</a>. Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfan.php#summary">the original</a> on 16 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+8.8+%E2%80%93+OFFSHORE+BIO-BIO%2C+CHILE&amp;rft.pub=Earthquake.usgs.gov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tfan.php%23summary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100328b1.html">Fisheries took ¥6 billion hit from Chile tsunami</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Times">Japan Times</a></i>. 28 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707005909/https://www.cdec-sic.cl/noticia_en.php?noticia_id=842">"Apagón en el SIC del 27 de Febrero de 2010"</a>. Cdec-sic.cl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdec-sic.cl/noticia_en.php?noticia_id=842">the original</a> on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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E.; Contreras-Reyes, E.; Methe, P.; Moreno, M.; Heit, B.; Agurto, H.; Bernard, P.; Vilotte, J.-P.; Beck, S. (January 2012). "Aftershock Seismicity of the 27 February 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Earthquake Rupture Zone". <i>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</i>. 317–183: 413–425. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012E&amp;PSL.317..413L">2012E&#38;PSL.317..413L</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2011.11.034">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=Aftershock+Seismicity+of+the+27+February+2010+Mw+8.8+Maule+Earthquake+Rupture+Zone&amp;rft.volume=317-183&amp;rft.pages=413-425&amp;rft.date=2012-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2011.11.034&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012E%26PSL.317..413L&amp;rft.aulast=Lange&amp;rft.aufirst=D.&amp;rft.au=Tilmann%2C+F.&amp;rft.au=Barrientos%2C+S.+E.&amp;rft.au=Contreras-Reyes%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Methe%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Moreno%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Heit%2C+B.&amp;rft.au=Agurto%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Bernard%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Vilotte%2C+J.-P.&amp;rft.au=Beck%2C+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (27 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200303/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfa7.php">"Magnitude 6.9 – Off the coast of Bio-Bio, Chile"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfa7.php">the original</a> on 2 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+6.9+%E2%80%93+Off+the+coast+of+Bio-Bio%2C+Chile&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tfa7.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (27 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302200417/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfc3.php">"Magnitude 6.3–SALTA, Argentina"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tfc3.php">the original</a> on 2 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+6.3%E2%80%93SALTA%2C+Argentina&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tfc3.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-02/28/c_13191160.htm">"Chile's earthquake death toll rises to 214"</a>. News.xinhuanet.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chile%27s+earthquake+death+toll+rises+to+214&amp;rft.pub=News.xinhuanet.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish2010%2Fworld%2F2010-02%2F28%2Fc_13191160.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (1 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304051252/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010thaz.php">"Magnitude 4.9–SALTA, Argentina"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010thaz.php">the original</a> on 4 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+4.9%E2%80%93SALTA%2C+Argentina&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-03-01&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010thaz.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (28 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100303144716/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tgbr.php">"Magnitude 5.0–MENDOZA, Argentina"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tgbr.php">the original</a> on 3 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.0%E2%80%93MENDOZA%2C+Argentina&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-02-28&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tgbr.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (2 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100307215603/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php">"Magnitude 5.3–NEQUEN, Argentina"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php">the original</a> on 7 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.3%E2%80%93NEQUEN%2C+Argentina&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-03-02&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tkbp.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (2 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305222235/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tick.php">"Magnitude 5.2–SAN JUAN, Argentina"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tick.php">the original</a> on 5 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.2%E2%80%93SAN+JUAN%2C+Argentina&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-03-02&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tick.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (4 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100307215603/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php">"Magnitude 5.1–MENDOZA, Argentina"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkbp.php">the original</a> on 7 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.1%E2%80%93MENDOZA%2C+Argentina&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-03-04&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tkbp.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUSGS2010" class="citation web cs1">USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program (4 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100308231340/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkcs.php">"Magnitude 6.3 – ANTOFAGASTA, Chile"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tkcs.php">the original</a> on 8 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+6.3+%E2%80%93+ANTOFAGASTA%2C+Chile&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2010-03-04&amp;rft.aulast=USGS&amp;rft.aufirst=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tkcs.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u699876.shtml">"Estado de SP sente reflexo do terremoto de 8,8 graus registrado no Chile"</a> (in Portuguese). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folha_de_S.Paulo" title="Folha de S.Paulo">Folha Online</a>. 27 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Estado+de+SP+sente+reflexo+do+terremoto+de+8%2C8+graus+registrado+no+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Ffolha%2Fcotidiano%2Fult95u699876.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100413034305/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_all.php/">"Latest Earthquakes in the World – Past 7 days"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_all.php">the original</a> on 13 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Latest+Earthquakes+in+the+World+%E2%80%93+Past+7+days&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fquakes_all.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/05/chile.earthquake/index.html">"Strong aftershocks rattle Chile"</a>. CNN.com. 28 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100307111612/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/05/chile.earthquake/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Strong+aftershocks+rattle+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-02-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Famericas%2F03%2F05%2Fchile.earthquake%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFForero2010" class="citation news cs1">Forero, Juan (12 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/11/AR2010031104761.html">"Aftershocks a reality check for Chilean President Sebastián Piñera"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Aftershocks+a+reality+check+for+Chilean+President+Sebasti%C3%A1n+Pi%C3%B1era&amp;rft.date=2010-03-12&amp;rft.aulast=Forero&amp;rft.aufirst=Juan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F03%2F11%2FAR2010031104761.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tsa6.php#details">Magnitude 6.9 LIBERTADOR O HIGGINS, CHILE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213071803/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tsa6.php">Archived</a> 13 February 2013 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, U.S. Geological Survey, Thurs., 11 March 2010, 11:39:44 at epicenter. This 6.9 aftershock/new earthquake (depending on how one looks at it) had an epicenter at 34.259 S, 71.929 W.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000h9eg/executive">"M 6.2 - offshore Maule, Chile"</a>. <i>earthquake.usgs.gov</i>. 15 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=earthquake.usgs.gov&amp;rft.atitle=M+6.2+-+offshore+Maule%2C+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-03-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feventpage%2Fusp000h9eg%2Fexecutive&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000h9fs/executive">"M 6.7 - offshore Bio-Bio, Chile"</a>. <i>earthquake.usgs.gov</i>. 15 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=earthquake.usgs.gov&amp;rft.atitle=M+6.7+-+offshore+Bio-Bio%2C+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-03-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feventpage%2Fusp000h9fs%2Fexecutive&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100322192059/http://www.earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tybd.php">"Magnitude 5.2 – AISEN, CHILE"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010tybd.php">the original</a> on 22 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.2+%E2%80%93+AISEN%2C+CHILE&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010tybd.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFEarthquakes2010" class="citation web cs1">Earthquakes, USGS (26 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329042835/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010uhay.php">"Magnitude 6.2 – ATACAMA, CHILE"</a>. <i>Earthquake Hazards Program</i>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010uhay.php">the original</a> on 29 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&amp;rft.atitle=Magnitude+6.2+%E2%80%93+ATACAMA%2C+CHILE&amp;rft.date=2010-03-26&amp;rft.aulast=Earthquakes&amp;rft.aufirst=USGS&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010uhay.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010txai/#details">"Magnitude 6.7 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE"</a>. USGS. 26 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100322191747/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010txai/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+6.7+%E2%80%93+OFFSHORE+BIO-BIO%2C+CHILE&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft.date=2010-03-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feqinthenews%2F2010%2Fus2010txai%2F%23details&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62F0DC20100316">"Aftershock hits off coast of Chile, no damage"</a>. Reuters. 15 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323051336/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62F0DC20100316">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Aftershock+hits+off+coast+of+Chile%2C+no+damage&amp;rft.date=2010-03-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSTRE62F0DC20100316&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100506003524/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vvcg.php">"Magnitude 6.4 – OFFSHORE BIO-BIO, CHILE"</a>. USGS. 3 May 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vvcg.php">the original</a> on 6 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+6.4+%E2%80%93+OFFSHORE+BIO-BIO%2C+CHILE&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft.date=2010-05-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fus2010vvcg.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316004046/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0000y49.php">"Magnitude 7.1 – ARAUCANIA, CHILE"</a>. Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0000y49.php#details">the original</a> on 16 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+7.1+%E2%80%93+ARAUCANIA%2C+CHILE&amp;rft.pub=Earthquake.usgs.gov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fusc0000y49.php%23details&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110105111849/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0000y49/index.html">"PAGER – M 7.1 – ARAUCANIA, CHILE"</a>. Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0000y49/index.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=PAGER+%E2%80%93+M+7.1+%E2%80%93+ARAUCANIA%2C+CHILE&amp;rft.pub=Earthquake.usgs.gov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Fpager%2Fevents%2Fus%2Fc0000y49%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120909141239/http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2011/01/20110102201957.html">"Informe de Sismo"</a>. Sismologia.cl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2011/01/20110102201957.html">the original</a> on 9 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Informe+de+Sismo&amp;rft.pub=Sismologia.cl&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sismologia.cl%2Fevents%2Fsensibles%2F2011%2F01%2F20110102201957.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs_details-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_details_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607141132/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdc.php">"Magnitude 6.2 – Offshore Bio-Bio, Chile"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>. 1 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdc.php">the original</a> on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+6.2+%E2%80%93+Offshore+Bio-Bio%2C+Chile&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft.date=2011-06-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fusc0003wdc.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pager1-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pager1_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0003wdc/index.html">"PAGER – Magnitude 6.2 – Offshore Bio-Bio, Chile"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>. 1 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603230007/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/c0003wdc/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=PAGER+%E2%80%93+Magnitude+6.2+%E2%80%93+Offshore+Bio-Bio%2C+Chile&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft.date=2011-06-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Fpager%2Fevents%2Fus%2Fc0003wdc%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duration-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duration_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lanacion.cl/sismo-6-4-richter-afecto-a-4-regiones-de-chile-desde-el-maule-a-los-rios/noticias/2011-06-01/091836.html">"Sismo 6,4 Richter afectó a 4 regiones de Chile: Desde el Maule a Los Ríos"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n" title="La Nación">La Nación</a></i> (in Spanish). 1 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=La+Naci%C3%B3n&amp;rft.atitle=Sismo+6%2C4+Richter+afect%C3%B3+a+4+regiones+de+Chile%3A+Desde+el+Maule+a+Los+R%C3%ADos&amp;rft.date=2011-06-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.cl%2Fsismo-6-4-richter-afecto-a-4-regiones-de-chile-desde-el-maule-a-los-rios%2Fnoticias%2F2011-06-01%2F091836.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFP-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFP_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFlorin2011" class="citation web cs1">Florin, Frederick (1 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604184025/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/strong-6-4-magnitude-quake-shakes-chile-134339465.html">"Strong 6.4 magnitude quake shakes Chile"</a>. <i>Yahoo! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&amp;rft.atitle=Strong+6.4+magnitude+quake+shakes+Chile&amp;rft.date=2011-06-01&amp;rft.aulast=Florin&amp;rft.aufirst=Frederick&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.news.yahoo.com%2Fstrong-6-4-magnitude-quake-shakes-chile-134339465.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aftershock-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aftershock_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdz.php">"Magnitude 5.1 – Bio-Bio, Chile"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>. 1 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607140853/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0003wdz.php">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Magnitude+5.1+%E2%80%93+Bio-Bio%2C+Chile&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft.date=2011-06-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fusc0003wdz.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNEIC2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Earthquake_Information_Center" title="National Earthquake Information Center">NEIC</a> (1 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611113101/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_c0003wdc_h.html">"Magnitude 6.4 offshore Bio-Bio, Chile"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>. 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Peru.com. 1 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peru.com/noticias/portada20100301/83678/Ya-son-723-los-muertos-por-el-fuerte-terremoto-de-88-grados-que-destruyo-gran-parte-de-Chile">the original</a> on 8 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSN03127528._CH_.2400">the original</a> on 27 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bbc.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=El+sismo+hace+escasear+la+cerveza+en+Chile&amp;rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&amp;rft.au=Rodrigo+Bustamante+Santiago+de+Chile&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmundo%2Famerica_latina%2F2010%2F03%2F100309_0140_chile_sismo_cerveza_gz.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurioantofagasta.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100414/pags/20100414000505.html">"Continúa la escasez de cerveza por terremoto"</a>. Mercurioantofagasta.cl. 14 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Contin%C3%BAa+la+escasez+de+cerveza+por+terremoto&amp;rft.pub=Mercurioantofagasta.cl&amp;rft.date=2010-04-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurioantofagasta.cl%2Fprontus4_noticias%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20100414%2Fpags%2F20100414000505.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35644365">«&#160;Pacific coastline devastated; 350 killed by tsunami that hit one small town&#160;»</a>,<i>msnbc.msn.com</i>, Retrieved on 1 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328090340/http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/04/message725245-04.htm">"Tsunami message from NTWC"</a>. Wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ntwc.arh.noaa.gov/2010/02/27/725245/04/message725245-04.htm">the original</a> on 28 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tsunami+message+from+NTWC&amp;rft.pub=Wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fntwc.arh.noaa.gov%2F2010%2F02%2F27%2F725245%2F04%2Fmessage725245-04.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PTWC3-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PTWC3_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.094614.txt">TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302130523/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.094614.txt">Archived</a> 2 March 2010 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="Pacific Tsunami Warning Center">Pacific Tsunami Warning Center</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PTWC-index-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PTWC-index_131-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PTWC-index_131-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/">TSUNAMI BULLETINS–index</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100306002335/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/">Archived</a> 6 March 2010 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of frequently updated bulletins issued by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="Pacific Tsunami Warning Center">Pacific Tsunami Warning Center</a>, including the latest.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/02/28/2832244.htm">Tsunami kills 4 in Robinson Crusoe islands</a>, Agence France-Presse/Reuters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN01-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN01_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGutierrez2010" class="citation news cs1">Gutierrez, Thelma (27 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake.hawaii/?hpt=Sbin">"First waves of tsunami arrive at Hawaii"</a>. Honolulu, Hawaii: CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100403081506/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/27/chile.quake.hawaii/?hpt=Sbin">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=First+waves+of+tsunami+arrive+at+Hawaii&amp;rft.date=2010-02-27&amp;rft.aulast=Gutierrez&amp;rft.aufirst=Thelma&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Famericas%2F02%2F27%2Fchile.quake.hawaii%2F%3Fhpt%3DSbin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302131325/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.164746.txt">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/pacific/2010/pacific.2010.02.27.164746.txt">the original</a> on 2 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Archived+copy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prh.noaa.gov%2Fptwc%2Fmessages%2Fpacific%2F2010%2Fpacific.2010.02.27.164746.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/02/27/10/partial-evacuation-chiles-easter-island-ordered">"Partial evacuation of Chile's Easter Island ordered &#124; ABS-CBN News Online Beta"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Partial+evacuation+of+Chile%27s+Easter+Island+ordered+%26%23124%3B+ABS-CBN+News+Online+Beta&amp;rft.pub=Abs-cbnnews.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fworld%2F02%2F27%2F10%2Fpartial-evacuation-chiles-easter-island-ordered&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35637211">"Chile minister says navy erred on tsunami"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 28 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Chile+minister+says+navy+erred+on+tsunami&amp;rft.date=2010-02-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F35637211&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_Herald_10630298-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10630298_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/natural-disasters/news/article.cfm?c_id=68&amp;objectid=10630298">"Chile sacks official over tsunami alert"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 6 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&amp;rft.atitle=Chile+sacks+official+over+tsunami+alert&amp;rft.date=2010-03-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnatural-disasters%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D68%26objectid%3D10630298&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/$file/National%20advisory%20No1.doc">National Advisory: Tsunami – No Threat to New Zealand</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522112304/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/%24file/National%20advisory%20No1.doc">Archived</a> 22 May 2010 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ministry of Civil Defence &amp; Emergency Management, 20:34 on 27 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/$file/National%20warning%20No1.doc">National Warning: Tsunami Threat to New Zealand</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522112157/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.nsf/Files/Media_releases_2010/%24file/National%20warning%20No1.doc">Archived</a> 22 May 2010 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ministry of Civil Defence &amp; Emergency Management, 23:18 on 27 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZalert-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZalert_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZalert_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/3384741/NZ-on-tsunami-alert">"NZ on tsunami alert"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 28 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Civildefence.govt.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304153336/http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite.NSF">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%23ChileQuake+National+Warning%3ATsunami+Threat+to+NZ+Update18&amp;rft.pub=Civildefence.govt.nz&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civildefence.govt.nz%2Fmemwebsite.nsf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Gay and Derek Cheng, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10629052">1.5-meter tsunami wave hits Chathams, heading for mainland</a>, New Zealand Herald, 28 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_3387060-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_3387060_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/3387060/Lucky-low-tide-keeps-Chch-safe">"Lucky low tide keeps Chch safe"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 1 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E7%AC%A0%E5%8E%9F%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%97%E9%B3%A5%E5%B3%B6%E3%81%AB%E6%B4%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%A2%E3%80%81%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%90%EF%BD%83%EF%BD%8D&amp;rft.pub=Yomiuri.co.jp&amp;rft.au=%E8%91%97%E8%80%85%E6%9D%A5%E5%BA%97&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yomiuri.co.jp%2Fnational%2Fnews%2F20100228-OYT1T00527.htm%3Ffrom%3Dtop&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2010+Chile+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2010_Chile_earthquake" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2010 Chile earthquake">2010 Chile earthquake</a></span>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikinews has news related to: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:2010_Chile_earthquake" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:2010 Chile earthquake">2010 Chile earthquake</a> </b></i> </div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/02/27/world/americas/0227-chile-quake-map.html">Maps of the Chile Earthquake</a> – <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/chile20100227/">Tsunami Event – February 27, 2010 Chile </a> – NOAA Center for Tsunami Research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2010/3/3/chile">Chilean Earthquake Toll Passes 800; Aid Yet to Reach Many Devastated Areas</a> – <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO16edaxoV0">Tsunami Animation: Maule, Chile 2010 (Mercator)</a> – <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="Pacific Tsunami Warning Center">Pacific Tsunami Warning Center</a></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/">International Seismological Centre</a> has a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/cgi-bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid=14340585">bibliography</a> and/or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=14340585&amp;out_format=IMS1.0&amp;request=COMPREHENSIVE">authoritative data</a> for this event.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ReliefWeb" title="ReliefWeb">ReliefWeb</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/disaster/eq-2010-000034-chl">main page</a> for this event.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1057682214">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Template:2010 Chile earthquake"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Template talk:2010 Chile earthquake"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:2010_Chile_earthquake&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2010_Chile_earthquake" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2010 Chile earthquake</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affected geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Chile_Trench" title="Peru–Chile Trench">Atacama Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/B%C3%ADo_B%C3%ADo_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bío Bío Region">Bío Bío Region</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dichato" title="Dichato">Dichato</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a>)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cauquenes" title="Cauquenes">Cauquenes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Constitución, Chile">Constitución</a>)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertador_General_Bernardo_O%27Higgins_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertador General Bernardo O&#39;Higgins Region">O'Higgins Region</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Chile" title="Santa Cruz, Chile">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rancagua" title="Rancagua">Rancagua</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bucalemu" title="Bucalemu">Bucalemu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso Region</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_Island" title="Robinson Crusoe Island">Robinson Crusoe Island</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile_ayuda_a_Chile" title="Chile ayuda a Chile">Chile helps Chile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gracias_a_la_Vida_(charity_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracias a la Vida (charity song)">Gracias a la Vida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Que_Cante_la_Vida" title="Que Cante la Vida">Que Cante la Vida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/03:34:_Earthquake_in_Chile" title="03:34: Earthquake in Chile">03:34: Earthquake in Chile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Tiger" title="The Year of the Tiger">The Year of the Tiger</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Pichilemu_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Pichilemu earthquake">2010 Pichilemu earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Chile_blackout" title="2010 Chile blackout">2010 Chile blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pichilemu_Fault" title="Pichilemu Fault">Pichilemu Fault</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Responses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response to the 2010 Chile earthquake">Humanitarian responses</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_relief_efforts_after_the_2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake">Timeline of relief efforts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile" title="List of earthquakes in Chile">List of earthquakes in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_21st-century_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 21st-century earthquakes">List of 21st-century earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_historical_tsunamis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical tsunamis">List of historical tsunamis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1057682214"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_Earthquakes_in_2010_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1054937957"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_2010" title="Template:Earthquakes in 2010"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_2010" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in 2010"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Earthquakes_in_2010&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_Earthquakes_in_2010_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_2009" title="Template:Earthquakes in 2009">←</a> <span class="summary"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_2010" title="List of earthquakes in 2010">Earthquakes in <span class="dtstart">2010</span></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_2011" title="Template:Earthquakes in 2011">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Solomon_Islands_earthquake" title="2010 Solomon Islands earthquake">Solomon Islands</a> (7.1, Jan 3)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Eureka_earthquake" title="2010 Eureka earthquake">Eureka, California</a> (US) (6.5, Jan 10)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">Haiti</a> (7.0, Jan 12)<b>†‡</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chile</a> (8.8, Feb 27)<b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Salta_earthquake" title="2010 Salta earthquake">Salta</a> (Argentina) (6.3, Feb 27)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Kaohsiung_earthquake" title="2010 Kaohsiung earthquake">Kaohsiung</a> (Taiwan) (6.4, 6.7, Mar 4)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_earthquake" title="2010 Elazığ earthquake">Elazığ</a> (Turkey) (6.1, Mar 8)<b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Pichilemu_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Pichilemu earthquake">1st Pichilemu</a> (Chile) (6.9, Mar 11)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake#Aftershocks" title="2010 Chile earthquake">1st Biobío</a> (Chile) (6.7, Mar 15)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake#Aftershocks" title="2010 Chile earthquake">2nd Biobío</a> (Chile) (5.9, Apr 2)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Baja_California_earthquake" title="2010 Baja California earthquake">Baja California</a> (Mexico) (7.2, Apr 4)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/April_2010_Sumatra_earthquake" title="April 2010 Sumatra earthquake">1st Sumatra</a> (Indonesia) (7.8, Apr 6)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Yushu_earthquake" title="2010 Yushu earthquake">Yushu, Qinghai</a> (China) (6.9, Apr 14)<b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Afghanistan_earthquake" title="2010 Afghanistan earthquake">Afghanistan</a> (5.4, Apr 18)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Kalgoorlie-Boulder_earthquake" title="2010 Kalgoorlie-Boulder earthquake">Kalgoorlie, Western Australia</a> (Australia) (5.2, Apr 20)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake#Aftershocks" title="2010 Chile earthquake">3rd Biobío</a> (Chile) (6.2, Apr 23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Pichilemu_earthquake#Aftershocks" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Pichilemu earthquake">2nd Pichilemu</a> (Chile) (6.0, May 2)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake#Aftershocks" title="2010 Chile earthquake">4th Biobío</a> (Chile) (6.4, May 3)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2010_Northern_Sumatra_earthquake" title="May 2010 Northern Sumatra earthquake">2nd Sumatra</a> (Indonesia) (7.2, May 9)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Beni-Ilmane_earthquakes" title="2010 Beni-Ilmane earthquakes">Algeria</a> (5.3, May 14)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Papua_earthquake" title="2010 Papua earthquake">Papua</a> (Indonesia) (7.0, Jun 16)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Central_Canada_earthquake" title="2010 Central Canada earthquake">Quebec</a> (Canada) (5.0, Jun 23)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Oaxaca_earthquake" title="2010 Oaxaca earthquake">Oaxaca</a> (Mexico) (6.2, Jun 30)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5th Biobío</a> (Chile) (6.5, Jul 14)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Mindanao_earthquakes" title="2010 Mindanao earthquakes">Mindanao</a> (Philippines) (7.3, 7.6, 7.4, Jul 24-25)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/July_2010_Iran_earthquake" title="July 2010 Iran earthquake">Iran</a> (5.6, July 30)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Damghan_earthquake" title="2010 Damghan earthquake">Damghan</a> (5.7, Aug 27)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Canterbury_earthquake" title="2010 Canterbury earthquake">Canterbury</a> (New Zealand) (7.1, Sep 4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Mentawai_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami">Mentawai</a> (Indonesia) (7.7, Oct 25)<b>†</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Serbia_earthquake" title="2010 Serbia earthquake">Serbia</a> (5.3, Nov 3)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Hosseinabad_earthquake" title="2010 Hosseinabad earthquake">Hosseinabad</a> (Iran) (6.5, Dec 20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>†</b> indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths<br /> <b>‡</b> indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1057682214"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earthquakes_in_Chile" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1054937957"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_Chile" title="Template:Earthquakes in Chile"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_Chile" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in Chile"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Earthquakes_in_Chile&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_Chile" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile" title="List of earthquakes in Chile">Earthquakes in Chile</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1420_Caldera_earthquake" title="1420 Caldera earthquake">1420 Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1570_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquake" title="1570 Concepción earthquake">1570 Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1575_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1575 Valdivia earthquake">1575 Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1604_Arica_earthquake" title="1604 Arica earthquake">1604 Arica</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1615_Arica_earthquake" title="1615 Arica earthquake">1615 Arica</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1647_Santiago_earthquake" title="1647 Santiago earthquake">1647 Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1730_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1730 Valparaíso earthquake">1730 Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1737_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1737 Valdivia earthquake">1737 Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1751_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquake" title="1751 Concepción earthquake">1751 Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1819_Copiap%C3%B3_earthquake" title="1819 Copiapó earthquake">1819 Copiapó</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1822_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1822 Valparaíso earthquake">1822 Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1835_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquake" title="1835 Concepción earthquake">1835 Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1837_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1837 Valdivia earthquake">1837 Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1868_Arica_earthquake" title="1868 Arica earthquake">1868 Arica</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1877_Iquique_earthquake" title="1877 Iquique earthquake">1877 Iquique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1906_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1906 Valparaíso earthquake">1906 Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1922_Vallenar_earthquake" title="1922 Vallenar earthquake">1922 Vallenar</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1928_Talca_earthquake" title="1928 Talca earthquake">1928 Talca</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1939_Chill%C3%A1n_earthquake" title="1939 Chillán earthquake">1939 Chillán</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1943_Ovalle_earthquake" title="1943 Ovalle earthquake">1943 Ovalle</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1949_Tierra_del_Fuego_earthquakes" title="1949 Tierra del Fuego earthquakes">1949 Tierra del Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1950_Calama_earthquake" title="1950 Calama earthquake">1950 Calama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1953_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquake" title="1953 Concepción earthquake">1953 Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquakes" title="1960 Concepción earthquakes">1960 Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1960 Valdivia earthquake">1960 Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1965_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake_and_El_Cobre_dam_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="1965 Valparaíso earthquake and El Cobre dam failure">1965 Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1971_Aconcagua_earthquake" title="1971 Aconcagua earthquake">1971 Aconcagua</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1985_Algarrobo_earthquake" title="1985 Algarrobo earthquake">1985 Algarrobo</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1985_Rapel_Lake_earthquake" title="1985 Rapel Lake earthquake">1985 Rapel Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1995_Antofagasta_earthquake" title="1995 Antofagasta earthquake">1995 Antofagasta</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1997_Punitaqui_earthquake" title="1997 Punitaqui earthquake">1997 Punitaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2005_Tarapac%C3%A1_earthquake" title="2005 Tarapacá earthquake">2005 Tarapacá</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2007_Ays%C3%A9n_Fjord_earthquakes" title="2007 Aysén Fjord earthquakes">2007 Aysén Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2007_Tocopilla_earthquake" title="2007 Tocopilla earthquake">2007 Tocopilla</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2010 Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Pichilemu_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Pichilemu earthquake">2010 Pichilemu</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Vallenar_earthquake" title="2013 Vallenar earthquake">2013 Vallenar</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Iquique_earthquake" title="2014 Iquique earthquake">2014 Iquique</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Illapel_earthquake" title="2015 Illapel earthquake">2015 Illapel</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Chilo%C3%A9_earthquake" title="2016 Chiloé earthquake">2016 Chiloé</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Coquimbo_earthquake" title="2019 Coquimbo earthquake">2019 Coquimbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1057682214"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control:_National_libraries_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151835#identifiers&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control:_National_libraries_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151835#identifiers&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control: National libraries</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151835#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2011001294">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>'
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
1638207210
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AbuseLog/31403188"