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'{{Other uses}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement | name = Mandvi | native_name = | native_name_lang = guj | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = Mandvi Beach.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Mandvi Beach | nickname = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3 | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|22|50|00|N|69|21|20|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Kutch district]] | established_title = Established | established_date = 1580 | founder = [[Khengarji I]] | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 15 | population_total = 51376 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = 370465 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 2834 | registration_plate = GJ-12 | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 0. 970 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] 0. 930 | website = | footnotes = source:Census of India<ref name=census>{{cite web | title = Census of India | publisher = Office of registrar general and census commissioner of India| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Population_Finder/View_Village_Population.aspx?pcaid=2619&category=M | accessdate = 29 August 2008}} </ref> }} '''Mandvi''' is a town with [[municipality]] in the [[Kutch district]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. It was once a major port of the region and summer retreat for Maharao (king) of the [[Cutch State]]. The old city was enclosed in the fort wall and remains of the fort wall can still be seen. The city has a four-hundred-year-old ship building industry which is still functional and dhows, a type of wooden ship, are still made. ==Fortress== The Fortress of Mandvi was built by Raoshri Bharmalji in 1549.{{dubious|date=February 2015}} It was eight km long, 2.7 metres broad and three metres high with five gates, three windows and seven bastions (''kotha''). In 1978, Mandvi municipality was handed over the fort under condition that it will preserve the fortress. Later in 1992, the municipality decided to demolish 290 metres of wall to free the land but was opposed by citizens. The appeal was rejected in 1993 and the 300-metre-long wall of west side was demolished in 1993. In 1999, the state archeological department considered it for declaring protected monument but later decided against it. After assessing condition of fort, the court rejected appeals against demolition in 2001. The fort wall was demolished in two phases except four gates and six bastions which were preserved as protected monuments.<ref name="The Times of India 2001">{{cite web | title=500-year-old Mandvi fort being demolished in Kutch | website=The Times of India | date=29 October 2001 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/500-year-old-Mandvi-fort-being-demolished-in-Kutch/articleshow/594019939.cms | accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref> ==Geography== Mandvi is a port city located at {{Coord|22.81|N|69.36|E|}} where the [[Rukmavati River]] meets the [[Gulf of Kutch]]. It is about 56&nbsp;km south of the regional capital, [[Bhuj]]. It is approximately 446&nbsp;km from the major megacity of [[Ahmedabad]]. Because Mandvi has no rail transport, the nearest public airport and train station is [[Bhuj]]. ==Climate== The climate here is tropical. The summers are much rainier than the winters in Mandvi. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Aw. The average temperature in Mandvi is 27.4&nbsp;°C. In a year, the average rainfall is 1539&nbsp;mm. ==History== Mandvi was founded by the Rao of [[kutch State]], [[Khengarji I]] in 1580.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} [[File:Mandvi Kutch Gate.jpg|thumb|Ruins of fort wall and gate near Brahmapuri area]] [[File:Mandvi Bridge over Rukmavati - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Mandvi Bridge over Rukmavati]] * The city Mandvi was named after Sage Mandavya (Mahabharata story), who lived here. He was also known as AM BABA. *When Portuguese explorer [[Vasco da Gama]] discovered Europe-to-India sea route in 1497, he had a Gujarati by his side to show him the way. A Kutchi sailor, Kanji Malam, navigated the commander to Calicut from Malindi on east African coast. Malam hailed from Mandvi, a shipbuilding hub.Historians have differed over the identity of the sailor, calling him a Christian and a Gujarati. German author Justus says it was Malam ([[Kharva]]) and he was a Hindu Gujarati who accompanied Vasco. Italian researcher Sinthia Salvadori too has concluded that it was Malam who showed Gama the way to India. Salvadori has made this observation in her 'We Came in Dhows', an account written after interacting with people in Gujarat. "Malam's role in the Vasco expedition has largely been overlooked by historians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kutchi-sailor-showed-Vasco-da-way/articleshow/6703424.cms|title=Kutchi sailor showed Vasco da way &#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> * As per chronicles of [[Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas]] – many clans of their community, especially, [[Gohil]], [[Bhatti clan|Bhatti]], [[Jethwa]], [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]], [[Rathod]] clans & also Visavaria [[Brahmin]]s shifted to Mandvi in between 15th to 16th century AD, from [[Dhaneti]].<ref>Kadia Kshatriya Itihas by Nutan Prakashan: 1897</ref> * The establishment of the town dates back to the late 16th century (1581 AD) and is attributed to the first [[Jadeja]] ruler of Kutch, [[Rao Khengarji I]]. * In the 18th century, the Mandvi merchants collectively owned a fleet of 400 vessels trading with [[East Africa]], [[Malabar coast]] and the [[Persian Gulf]]. In the early 19th century, it was a major port of entry for the inland trade with [[Malwa]], [[Marwar]] and [[Sindh]]. * Mandvi was at the junction of two trade routes the maritime [[spice]] trade-route and the [[desert]] [[camel]] [[Camel train|caravan]] route, acting as an important trade center. * Mandvi was originally a fortified town having a [[fort]] wall of about 8 m high and 1.2 m wide stone masonry. The fort had several gateways and 25 [[bastion]]s; but at present, most of the wall has disappeared. The bastion on the southwest is largest and acts as a lighthouse. * In the heyday of [[Shipping|maritime]] trade, before the arrival of [[steamboat]]s, Mandvi was a rich and prosperous town, earning four times more revenue from [[export]] than [[import]]. It was a profit-making center of the Kutch state, surpassing the capital city of [[Bhuj]] in terms of wealth. Dr. Manubhai Pandhi, a local social leader, recorded shipbuilding art and collected old documents which is treasured now in Prince of Wales Museum (www.bombaymuseum.org ) in Mumbai. * As most of the top ports of [[India]] were controlled by [[European ethnic groups|European]]s, especially the [[Portugal|Portuguese]], even the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] held the [[Maharao]]s of [[Kachchh]] in high esteem, as they needed the port of Mandvi for exports, imports and also for pilgrimages to [[Mecca]]. *In decade of 1960, the [[Dabeli]] is said to have been invented here by Keshavji Gabha Chudasama (Malam)([[Kharva]]). ==Demographics== Mandvi houses a population of about 51,000 people, mainly [[Brahmin]], [[Brahmkshatriya]], [[Bhanushali]], [[Bhatia (caste)|Bhatala]]s, [[Kharva]]s, [[Lohana]]s, Maheshwari, [[Dawoodi Bohra]], Muslims and [[Jainism|Jains]], Kandoi, [[Patidar]], [[Mestri (community)|Mistris]]. Mandvi is a unique town which captures the true [[Gujarat]], [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]] culture. Mandvi also incorporates the neighboring villages of [[Nagalpur, Mandvi|Nagalpur]] and Moti Rayan. [https://www.rannutsav.com/blog/history-best-places-to-visit-and-travel-guide-of-ambe-dham-kutch-near-mandvi-city-gujarat-india/ Mandvi is a town] of merchants and seamen, both mutually benefiting from each other. Mandvi had the Lal Bungalow / Arihant Bungalow Built by [[Khengarji III]]. It took 16 years to build this palace. with unique architecture and a lavishing of 55 Rooms and 5 Floors with all Teak Wood Ceilings. Lal Bungalow was Heritage Site and currently owned by Sanket Shah. It is demolished in 2011–2012. Now there is a new built shopping and residential complex. Mandvi was one of the towns deeply impacted by the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]]. Noted social worker Dr. Chhotalal J. Mehta (1911–1982) and his brother Dr. Prabhudas J. Mehta (1925–1959) started first free TB hospital in 1950 in the district if Kutch, and school for deaf and mute children and 1000th Rotary club in the world. Mrs Hiraben C Mehta(1916–2011) started first Baal Mandir and Bhagini Mandal. ==Prominent personalities== * [[Shyamji Krishna Varma]] * [[Gunvantrai Acharya]] ==Industries== [[File:Ship Building Yard at Mandvi, Gujrat, India.jpg|thumb|Ship being built from timber, Mandvi]] Most of the industries in Mandvi are small-scale in nature, mainly in the areas of [[Bentonite]] mining, [[edible oil]] production, [[fishing]], traditional [[ship building]], [[cotton]] products and household [[Bandhani work|Bandhani]], and food-products like, sweets & [[Farsan (food)|farshan]] production. ==Points of interest== [[File:Bonter Jinalaya, Koday, Kachchh - panoramio (cropped).jpg|thumb|72 Jinalaya]] [[File:Vijay Vilas - 2009.JPG|thumb|[[Vijay Vilas Palace]]]] Mandvi has a very pleasant climate throughout the year and was a summer retreat of the Kutch ''maharajas'' (kings). * '''Swaminarayan Temple at Mandvi''': This temple is new but old and real temple is in main city. it is about 157 years old. New swaminarayan temple is on the main road of Mandvi – Naliya. * '''Kharva na Mama Temple''': situated near Hanuman Dairy, a temple for the caste of Kharva. * '''Shitla Mata Temple''': The Temple of Goddess Shitla. Its situated in Layja Road. Currently a walkway on one side of lake is under construction just opposite temple. * '''Ashapura Mata Temple''': situated in Layja, Mandvi. * '''Shivmastu Samavsaran Jain Tirth''', Mandvi Rural, Gujarat 370465 * '''Shri Ambe Dham Temple Godhra''', Mandvi Rural * '''[[Vijay Vilas Palace]]''': The center of attractions at Mandvi is the Vijay Vilas Palace, a Royal abode set in the middle of well-laid gardens with water channels and marble fountains. The architect and craftsmen from [[Jaipur]] designed and constructed the palace in 1920 AD. The palace has all the elements of [[Rajput]] architecture and draws largely on the plan of palaces of [[Orchha]] and [[Datia]]. The central high dome on the pillars, the [[Bengal]] domes on the sides, the windows with coloured glass, carved stone '[[jali]]s', domed bastions at the corners, extended porch and other exquisitely stone-carved elements, make the palace worth visiting. The Vijay Vilas Palace has its own private beach which offers air-conditioned tented accommodation. This palace has been used as the set in many [[Hindi]] films and has now become a tourist destination.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} * '''Mandvi Port''': Mandvi Port is a Port where loading & unloading of ships takes place.A sleepy port known for its white sandy beaches, with wooden sailboats bobbing on the sea, it is idyllic. But it wasn’t always like this. Once upon a time, in the late 18th and early 19th century CE, Mandvi was among the greatest and busiest ports in India. At the epi center of sea and land trade which spread from Central Asia to the West coast of Africa and India, it was a key point in the triangular trade route between Oman, Mandvi and the hinter land of Punjab and Sindh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mandvi - Once Upon a Port...|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/snapshort-histories/mandvi-once-upon-a-port/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Live History India|language=en-US}}</ref> * '''Traditional [[ship building]]''': Mandvi is also a 400-year-old ship building centre. The ships built here used to sail up to England and return. Even today, master carpenters build fishing boats by traditional techniques. * '''The Wind Farms Beach''' and Wind-mills, which line the horizon of Mandvi, has views from the Mandvi sea-beach. The Wind mills projects running in this beach was Asia's 1st Wind-Mills Projects in 1983. * '''Rukmavati River''': The river in Mandvi, which flows between Mandvi City and Salaya. * '''Rukmavati bridge''': The bridge on the [[Rukmavati River]] was built in 1883; it is the longest existing structure of its kind in India today. This bridge was built by Vishram Karman Chawda of [[Chandiya]] belonging to the [[Mistris of Kutch|Mestri]] community.<ref>Nanji Bapa ni Nondh-pothi published in Gujarati in year 1999 from Vadodara. It is a diary of Railway Contracts done by KGK community noted by Nanji Govindji Tank of Hajapar/Jamshedpur, compiled by Dharsibhai Jethalal Tank of Nagalpar/Tatanagar. (This book was given Aank Sidhhi award by Kutch Shakti at Mumbai in year 2000) Vishram Karman Chawda of Chandiya : Railway Contracts in Cutch State Railway, MSM Rly, BNR, etc. Rukmavati Bridge and Mandvi Port Docks in 1883 are done by him: Page: 69</ref><ref>Ratna Bhagat ni Chopdi: 1930 IInd Endition : Vishram Karman of Chandiya : Rukmavati Bridge and Docks of Mandvi Year of Construction 1883</ref> *'''Light House :''' Newly constructed Light House for Country Craft Sea Transportation, this structure was constructed after earthquake. * '''Topansar Lake''': Sitting in the heart of the city, this lake forms and important landmark. With visits of thousands of Seagulls every winter, treat to watch. *''' Public Bath System''' "KUYDI", Talav Gate. * '''Bandhni Bazaar''': Mandvi is known for the production of its Bandhani ([[tie-dye]]) and other country crafts. * '''Shyamji Krishna Varma Smarak''' or '''Kranti Trith''': The ''smarak''(monument) is located near Lohana Mahajan Wadi. [[Shyamji Krishna Varma]] was a scholar and freedom fighter. He established [[India House]] in Britain to support Indian student going UK for studying, eventually India house become a foreign hub of nationalist activity for freedom of India. [[Shyamji Krishna Varma]] was born in Mandvi. The Smark of [[Shyamji Krishna Varma]] was newly built just 3&nbsp;km away from Mandvi on Mandvi-Dharbudi Road. This is Gujarat's second Kranti Trith. * '''Kasi Vishvanath Beach''', Salaya: This is another beach near Mandvi. It derives its name from a [[Shiva|Shiv]] temple nearby. *'''Rawalpeer Temple & Beach:''' There is a temple sacred to Raval Pir rebuilt in 1819 ([[Samvat]] 1876) by Seth Sundarji and Jetha Shivji. Raval, said to have been born in the fourteenth century from a blister in the palm of his mother's hand, gained a name for destroying at [[Jakhau]], a number of Muslim missionaries who disturbed the devotees of Dhoramnath on [[Dhinodhar Hills]]. There is a clean beach nearby too. This place is around 6 km from the city of Mandvi. ==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed" heights="134"> File:Vijay Vilas Palace.jpg|[[Vijay Vilas Palace]] File:2017-03-04 Swaminarayan Temple, Mandvi.jpg|Shree Swaminarayan Temple, Mandvi File:Varma Memorial.JPG|Shyamji Krishna Varma Kranti Tirth File:Mandvi Fort - panoramio.jpg|Mandvi Fort File:Mandvi Lake - panoramio.jpg|Topansar Lake File:RukhmavatiBridge, NH-8A, Mandavi, Kachchh - panoramio.jpg|Rukhmavati Bridge, Mandavi File:Windfarm Mandvi.JPG|The Wind Farms Beach File:Mandvi.JPG|Mandvi beach File:Mandavi Beach Sunset.jpg|Mandavi Beach Sunset </gallery> ==Food== [[File:Kachchi Dabeli.jpg|thumb|Special Dabeli from Mandvi]] Popular food items from Mandvi are [[Dabeli]], which was invented in Mandvi and spread all over Gujarat and Maharashtra. Besides that, for the last 8 to 10 years various foods, e.g. Punjabi, South Indian, Chinese food, are easily available. Khari Daar, Toss etc are also famous near Azad Chowk. Good Gujarati food is also available in Mandvi. More than 20 small and big dining halls and restaurants are successfully running in the city, and good food is available over there. Mandvi is Beach City ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cities and towns in Kutch district]] [[Category:Ports and harbours of Gujarat]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1580]]'