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'{{about|the cultural diversity of Tripura|tribal traditions in Tripura|Tripuri culture}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}} [[File:Cropped Tripuri.jpg|thumb|Children in Tripura prepare for a traditional dance.]] [[File:Traditional dress of Tripura.jpg|thumb|Tripuri couple in traditional dress]] [[File:A tripuri girl wearing Rigwnai and Risa.jpg|thumb|A Tripuri girl in 'Rigwnai' and 'Risa']] '''Culture of [[Tripura]]''' is distinct and a bit similar to other people of [[Northeast India]]. However like [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Burma]] and [[Southeast Asia]] culture of Tripura is characterized in small portion where people live in plain and hill areas. Tripura is a state in [[North East India]]. In the 2001 census of India, [[Bengali people|Bengalis]] represented almost 70% of the population and the Tripuri population comprised 30% of Tripura's population. The Tripuri population (indigenous population) comprises some clans and ethnic groups with diverse languages and cultures. The largest native group was the [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] who had a population of 543,848 in 2001 census,<ref name="st 2001 hl">{{cite web| url= http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_tripura.pdf|format=PDF|title=Tripura data highlights: the scheduled tribes|publisher= Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate= 20 April 2012}}</ref> representing 16.99% of the state population and 54.7% of the scheduled tribe population.<ref name="st 2001 hl"/> The other group of people in order of decreasing population were [[Chakma people|Chakma]] (6.5%), [[Halam tribe|Halam]] (4.8%), [[Mog people|Mog]] (3.1%), [[Munda people|Munda]], [[Kuki peoples|Kuki]] tribes and [[Garo people|Garo]] [[Hajong people|Hajong]].<ref name="st 2001 hl"/> [[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the most spoken language, due to the dominance of Bengali people in the state. [[Kokborok]] (Tripuri/Tiprakok) is a common language among Tripuris and lingua franca among tribes. Several other languages belonging to Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan families are spoken by the different tribe Tripura has several diverse ethno-linguistic groups, which has given rise to a composite culture. The dominant cultures are Tripuris who are: [[Debbarma|Tripuris]], [[Jamatia]], [[Reang]], [[Tripura]], [[Noatia|Naitong]], [[Koloi]], [[Murasing]], [[Rupini]] [[Uchoi]], and tribes like [[Chakma people|Chakma]], [[Halam (ethnic group)|Halam]], [[Garo people|Garo]], [[Hajong people|Hajong]], [[Kuki people|Kuki]], [[Mizo people|Mizo]], [[Mogh]], [[Munda people|Munda]], [[Oraon]], [[Santhal people|Santhal]] ==''Tripuri Traditional Attire==''''''Italic text'''''Bold text''''' Tripuris have their own traditional dresses, similar in style to that of other North-East Indian peoples. It is, however, different in pattern and design. The clothing for the lower half of the body is called rignai in Tripuri and for the upper half of the body, the clothing has two parts, the risa and rikutu. Isree(Qeen) Monmohini Devi in Traditional Risa The risa covers the chest area and the rikutu covers the whole of the upper half of the body. Formerly, these garments were woven by women using home-spun cotton thread. Nowadays, the threads are bought from the market and the risa is not worn; instead a blouse is worn by most Tripuri women. Girls wear rignai with tops, too. Each Tripuri clan has its own rignai pattern and design. The patterns of the rignai are so distinct that the clan of a Tripuri woman can be identified by the pattern of her rignai. However, there is intermingling of the rignai: Clans wear the rignai of other clans freely and new designs are being woven. The rikutu is plain cloth of a different colour and shade than the other items of clothing. Today, the rikutu is woven by Tripuri women. A young Tripuri woman wearing rigwnai and risa Some fashion types that are woven in the rignai borok by Tripuri women are as follows: Anji Banarosi Chamthwibar Jirabi Khamjang Khumbar Kuaiphang Kuaichu Kuaichu bokobom Kuaichu ulta Malibar Miyong Muikhunchok Monaisora Muisili Natupalia Phantokbar Sada Salu Similik yapai Takhumtei Temanlia Thaimaikrang Thaiphlokbar Tokbakbar Tokha Toksa Toiling Toprengsakhitung Rignaichamwthwi Rignai mereng Metereng trang Rignai khamchwi Kwsakwpra Rignaibru Rignaikosong Kwsapra Songkai Sorbangi It is said that at the time of Subrai Raja, the most famous and legendary King of Tripura, through his 250 wives he had invented 250 designs of rignai. He married those women who invented a new design. But all these designs have been lost over time and only a few remain. An effort to rediscover the lost designs is in process. The male counterpart for the loin area is rikutu and for the upper part of the body is the kamchwlwi borok. Today, however, very few men wear this style of dress except in rural Tripura and by the working class. Males have adopted more modern dres ==Handicrafts== Tripura is noted for bamboo and cane handicrafts.<ref name="nkc compos">{{cite web |url=http://www.knowledgecommission.gov.in/downloads/documents/nkc_northEast.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911012156/http://www.knowledgecommission.gov.in/downloads/documents/nkc_northEast.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2010 |title=Tripura: a composite culture |work=Glimpses from the North-East |last=Chaudhury |first=Saroj |publisher=[[National Knowledge Commission]] |year=2009 |pages=55–61 |accessdate=5 July 2012 }}</ref> Bamboo played important part in the ''jhumia'' (shifting cultivation) of the tribes. It was used to make watch stations on stilts and was devised to carry food and water. Besides these usages, bamboo, woods and cane were used to create an array of furniture, utensils, hand-held fans, replicas, mats, baskets, idols and interior decoration materials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tripura.nic.in/han3.htm|title=Handicrafts|publisher=Government of Tripura|accessdate=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410083950/http://www.tripura.nic.in/han3.htm|archive-date=10 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Entrepreneurship and small business development: with special reference to Tripura|last=Chakraborty|first=Kiran Sankar|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788183241250|year=2006|pages=39–41}}</ref> ==Songs and dances== {{see also|Musical instruments of Tripura|Tripuri dances}} [[File:Hojagiri.JPG|thumb|Performers getting ready to do Hojagiri dance, a dance of the Reang community]] Music and dances are integral part of the tribal people of Tripura. Some of their indigenous musical instruments are the ''[[sarinda]]'', ''[[Musical instruments of Tripura#Chongpreng|chongpreng]]'', and ''[[sumui]]'' (a kind of [[flute]]). Songs are sung during religious occasions, weddings, and other festivals. Each tribal community has their own repertoire of songs and dances. The Tripuri and Jamatia tribe perform [[goria dance]] during the [[Goria puja]]. [[Jhum dance]] (also called [[tangbiti dance]]) in the harvest season, [[lebang dance]], [[mamita dance]], and [[mosak sulmani dance]] are other Tripuri dances.<ref name="ttaadc culture">{{cite web|url=http://www.ttaadc.nic.in/folkCultureofTripura.pdf|title=The folk dance and music of Tripura|publisher=Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council|format=PDF|accessdate=7 July 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402002735/http://www.ttaadc.nic.in/folkCultureofTripura.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2013}}</ref> Reang community, the second largest tribe of the state, are noted for their [[hojagiri dance]] performed by young girls balancing on earthen pitchers.<ref name="ttaadc culture"/> The [[Bizhu dance]] is performed by the [[Chakma people|Chakmas]] during the Bizhu festival (the last day of the month of ''[[Chaitra]]''). Other tribal dances are [[wangala]] dance of the Garo people, [[hai-hak dance]] of the Halam branch of Kuki people, [[sangrai dance]] and [[owa dance]] of the Mog tribe, and others.<ref name="ttaadc culture"/> Besides tribal music, [[Indian classical music]] is also practiced among the residents. [[Sachin Dev Burman]] of the royal family was a maestro in the [[filmi]] genre of Indian music, creating many popular tunes in the [[bollywood]] films. ==Festivals and worships== Hindus believe that Tripureshwari is the [[patron god]]dess of Tripura and an aspect of ''[[Shakti]]''. Several fertility gods are also worshiped by the tribes, such as Lam-Pra (the twin deities of sky and sea), Mailu-ma (goddess of corn, identified with [[Lakshmi]]), Khulu-ma (goddess of the cotton plant), and Burha-sa (god of healing). [[Durga Puja]], [[Kali Puja]], Ashokastami and the worship of the [[Chaturdasha Temple|''Chaturdasha'' deities]] are important festivals. Several festivals represent confluence of several tribal traditions, such as [[Ganga puja]], [[Garia puja]], [[Kherchi puja]], [[Ker puja]].<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=A.P.|title=Famous festivals of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRgD7cga54EC|accessdate=9 July 2012|publisher=Pinnacle Technology|isbn=978-1-61820-288-8|chapter=Tripura festival}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tripura.nic.in/cul3.htm |title=Fairs and festivals |publisher=Government of Tripura |accessdate=7 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204193132/http://tripura.nic.in/cul3.htm |archivedate=4 February 2012 }}</ref> ==Sculpture and architecture== [[File:Unakoti group of bas-relief sculptures, Tripura, India.jpg|thumb|Rock sculpture in Unakoti]] [[Unakoti]], [[Pilak, Tripura|Pilak]], and [[Devtamura]] are historic sites where large collections of stone carvings and rock sculptures are noted.<ref name="nkc compos"/><ref name="herald rock">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul252008/national2008072580863.asp?section=updatenews |title=Tripura sculptures, rock images speak of glorious past |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=25 July 2008 |accessdate=7 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105122533/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul252008/national2008072580863.asp?section=updatenews |archivedate=5 January 2015 }}</ref> These sculptures are evidence of the presence of Buddhism and Brahmanical orders for centuries. These sculptures represent a rare artistic fusion of traditional religions and tribal influence.<ref name="Chauley2007">{{cite book|first=G. C.|last= Chauley|title=Art treasures of Unakoti, Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FwxuAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=8 July 2012|date=1 September 2007|publisher=Agam Kala Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7320-066-3}}</ref><ref name="Session2003">{{cite book|author=North East India History Association. Session|title=Proceedings of North East India History Association|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDluAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=8 July 2012|year=2003|publisher=The Association|page=13}}</ref><ref name="ChaudhuriChaudhuri1983">{{cite book|last1=Chaudhuri|first1=Saroj|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Bikach|title=Glimpses of Tripura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyUuAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=9 July 2012|volume=1|year=1983|publisher=Tripura Darpan Prakashani|page=5|asin=B0000CQFES}}</ref> ==Sports== [[Football (soccer)|Football]] and [[cricket]] are the most popular sports in the state. The state capital [[Agartala]] has its own club football championships every year where many local clubs compete in a league and knockout format. Tripura participates as an eastern state team in the [[Ranji Trophy]], the Indian domestic cricket competition. The state also is a regular participant of the Indian National Games and the North Eastern Games. Tripura produced a few nationally successful players in gymnastics and swimming, but overall contribution in athletics, cricket, football and indoor games remained poor.<ref name="pib sports">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f240420021.html|title=Sports development in Tripura|last=Chanda|first=Subhasis|date=24 April 2002|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate=12 July 2012}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}}{{Tripura}} [[Category:Culture of Tripura| ]] [[Category:Tripuri culture]]'