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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Capital city of Manitoba, Canada}}
{{about|the Canadian city|other uses|Winnipeg (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Winnipegger|the former passenger rail service|Winnipeger}}
{{featured article}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Winnipeg
| official_name = City of Winnipeg
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Manitoba|City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 275
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = CMHR and Winnipeg Downtown (wide aspect).png
| alt1 = Canadian Museum of Human Rights
| image2 = UofW.JPG
| alt2 = University of Winnipeg
| image3 = Richardson Building.jpg
| alt3 = Intersection of Portage and Main in downtown
| image4 = ST. BONIFACE CATHEDRAL 05.jpg
| alt4 = St. Boniface Cathedral
| image5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge (38395565385).jpg
| alt5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge
| image6 = Manitoba Legislative building exterior (J) (cropped).jpg
| alt6 = Manitoba Legislative building
}}
| imagesize = 275px
| image_caption = From top, left to right: Winnipeg panorama featuring the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]], Wesley Hall at the [[University of Winnipeg]], [[Downtown Winnipeg]], [[Saint Boniface Cathedral]], [[Esplanade Riel|Esplanade Riel bridge]], and the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]]
| image_flag = Flag of Winnipeg fair.svg
| image_seal =
| image_shield = Crest of Winnipeg fair.svg
| image_blank_emblem = Flag of Winnipeg (logo version).svg
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| nickname = [[List of city nicknames in Canada#Manitoba|"Winterpeg"]]
| motto = ''Unum Cum Virtute Multorum''<br />{{small|(One with the Strength of Many)}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Municipal Manual|year=2007|page=16|publisher=City of Winnipeg|url=https://winnipeg.ca/clerks/pdfs/2007MunicipalManual.pdf}}</ref>
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Winnipeg|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
| map_caption = Interactive map of Winnipeg
| coordinates = {{coord|49|53|4|N|97|8|47|W|region:CA-MB|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manitoba]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Canada|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Winnipeg Metropolitan Region]]
|established_title = Incorporated
| established_date = 1873
| leader_title1 = Mayor
| leader_name1 = [[Brian Bowman (politician)|Brian Bowman]]
| leader_title2 = Governing body
| leader_name2 = [[Winnipeg City Council]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census subdivision of Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303104523/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census metropolitan area of Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303093130/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 = 461.78
| area_metro_km2 = 5285.46
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=normals/>
| elevation_m = 239
<!-- Population ----------------------->| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 749,607 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|6th]])
| population_as_of = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]<ref name="2021Census">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census Winnipeg Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021A00054611040 |website=[[Census Canada]] |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name=2021Metrocensus>{{cite web |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census Winnipeg Metropolitan Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021S0503602 |website= [[Census Canada]] |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 1430
| population_urban = 758,515 ([[List of the largest population centres in Canada|6th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1429
| population_metro = 834,678 ([[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|8th]])
| population_density_metro_km2 = 157.90
| population_demonym = Winnipegger
<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]
| utc_offset = −6
| timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|accessdate=3 March 2014|title=Winnipeg|publisher=The World Clock|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209123719/http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|archivedate=9 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
| utc_offset_DST = −5
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]]
| area_code = [[Area codes 204 and 431|204 and 431]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.winnipeg.ca}}
}}
'''Winnipeg''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Winnipeg.ogg|ˈ|w|ɪ|n|ᵻ|p|ɛ|ɡ}}) is the capital and largest city of the province of [[Manitoba]] in Canada. It is centred on the [[confluence]] of the [[Red River of the North|Red]] and [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] rivers, near the [[Longitude|longitudinal centre]] of North America. {{As of|2021}}, Winnipeg had a city population of 749,607 and a metropolitan population of 834,678, making it the [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|sixth-largest]] city, and [[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|eighth-largest]] metropolitan area in Canada.<ref name=2021Metrocensus/>
The city is named after the nearby [[Lake Winnipeg]]; the name comes from the [[Cree language|Western Cree]] words for muddy water. The region was a trading centre for [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous peoples]] long before the arrival of Europeans; it is the traditional territory of the Anishinabe (Ojibway), Ininew (Cree), Oji-Cree, Dene, and Dakota, and is the birthplace of the [[Métis people in Canada|Métis Nation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipeg.ca/indigenous/pdfs/CoW-Indigenous-Accord.pdf|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Winnipeg's Indigenous Accord|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref> French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738. A settlement was later founded by the [[Red River Colony|Selkirk settlers]] of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. Being far inland, the [[#Climate|local climate]] is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January highs of around {{convert|-11|C}} and average July highs of {{convert|26|C}}.
Known as the "Gateway to the West", Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy. This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals, including the [[Festival du Voyageur]], the [[Winnipeg Folk Festival]], the [[Jazz Winnipeg Festival]], the [[Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival]], and [[Folklorama]]. In [[1967 Pan American Games|1967]], Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the [[Pan American Games]]. It is home to several professional sports franchises, including the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] ([[Canadian football]]), the [[Winnipeg Jets]] ([[ice hockey]]), [[Manitoba Moose]] (ice hockey), [[Valour FC]] ([[soccer]]), and the [[Winnipeg Goldeyes]] ([[baseball]]).
== Etymology ==
Winnipeg is named after nearby [[Lake Winnipeg]], 65 km north of the city. English explorer [[Henry Kelsey]] may have been the first European to see the lake in 1690, and he adopted the [[Cree language|Cree]] and [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] name ''win-nipi'' (also transcribed ''win-nipiy'' or ''ouenpig'') meaning "murky water" or "muddy water"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ham|first=Penny|title=Place Names of Manitoba|publisher=Western Producer Prairie Books|year=1980|isbn=9780888330673|page=138}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Canadian Oxford Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-541816-6|editor-last=Barber|editor-first=Katherine|chapter=Winnipeg, Lake}}</ref><ref name=boyens>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=The Encyclopedia of Manitoba|publisher=Great Plains Publications|year=2007|isbn=978-1-894-283-71-7|editor-last=Boyens|editor-first=Ingeborg|pages=383, 744}}</ref> (modern {{Lang-cr|wīnipēk, ᐑᓂᐯᐠ}}). French-Canadian fur trader [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|La Vérendrye]] referred to the lake as {{Lang-fr|Lac Gouinipique|label=none}} or {{Lang-fr|Ouinipigon|label=none}} when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bellin|first=M.|title=Remarques sur la Carte de l'Amérique Septentrionale|publisher=Didot|year=1755|page=73}}</ref> Local newspaper ''The Nor'-Wester'' included the name on its masthead on February 24, 1866, and the city was incorporated by that name under legislation by the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|Manitoba Assembly]] in 1873.<ref name=boyens />
== History ==
{{Further|History of Winnipeg|Timeline of Winnipeg history}}
=== Early history ===
Winnipeg lies at the [[confluence]] of the [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] and the [[Red River Valley|Red River of the North]], a location now known as "[[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]]". This point was at the crossroads of [[canoe]] routes travelled by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] before European contact.<ref name="forkshistory">{{cite web |url = http://www.theforks.com/history |title = History |publisher = The Forks |accessdate = 4 November 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080930222840/http://www.theforks.com/history |archivedate = 30 September 2008 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Evidence provided by archaeology, [[petroglyph]]s, [[rock art]] and oral history indicates that native peoples used the area in prehistoric times for camping, harvesting, hunting, tool making, fishing, trading and, farther north, for agriculture.<ref name="harris">{{cite book|editor-last=Harris|editor-first=R. Cole|others=Cartography & design by Geoffrey J. Matthews|title=Historical Atlas of Canada|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1993|volume=I: From the Beginning to 1800|isbn=0-8020-2495-5|pages=1–6}}</ref>
Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area range from 11,500 years ago for a site southwest of the present city to 6,000 years ago at The Forks.<ref name=ce/><ref>{{cite journal|date=Spring 1990|issue=19|title=Glacial Lake Agassiz|journal=Manitoba History|last=Buckner|first=Anthony|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/19/lakeagassiz.shtml}}</ref> In 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions.<ref>{{cite book|title=The geography of Manitoba|year=1996|publisher=University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-375-2|page=80|editor-last1=Welsted|editor-first1=John|editor-last2=Everitt|editor-first2=John|editor-last3=Stadel|editor-first3=Christoph}}</ref> The rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the [[Missouri River|Missouri]] and [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] rivers. The [[Ojibwe]] made some of the first maps on [[birch bark]], which helped [[fur trade]]rs navigate the waterways of the area.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=G Malcolm|title=Cartographic encounters: perspectives on Native American mapmaking and map use|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1998|page=12|isbn=9780226476940}}</ref>
[[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|Sieur de La Vérendrye]] built the first fur [[trading post]] on the site in 1738, called [[Fort Rouge (fortification)|Fort Rouge]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Champagne |first=Antoine |date=1968–1969 |title=The Vérendryes and Their Successors, 1727–1760 |journal=MHS Transactions |issue=25 |series=Third Series|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/verendryes.shtml}}</ref> French trading continued at this site for several decades before the arrival of the British [[Hudson's Bay Company]] after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the [[Seven Years' War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/mb/forks/natcul/contact.aspx |author=[[Parks Canada]] |title=The Forks National Historic Site of Canada |accessdate=5 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605103021/http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/mb/forks/natcul/contact.aspx |archivedate=5 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many French men who were trappers [[Marriage 'à la façon du pays'|married First Nations women]]; their mixed-race children hunted, traded, and lived in the area. Their descendents are known as the [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lussier |first=AS |date=Spring 1978 |title=The Metis: Contemporary Problem of Identity |journal=Manitoba Pageant |volume=23 |issue=3 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/23/metisidentity.shtml}}</ref>
[[File:Rindisbacher fishing 1821 large (1).png|thumb|left|An 1821 painting of winter fishing on the ice of the [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] and [[Red River of the North|Red]] rivers. [[Fort Gibraltar]] was erected in 1809.]]
[[Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk|Lord Selkirk]] was involved with the first permanent settlement (known as the [[Red River Colony]]), the purchase of land from the Hudson's Bay Company, and a survey of river lots in the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Thomas Douglas |encyclopedia=Dictionary of Canadian Biography V |year=2000 |publisher=University of Toronto |pages=264–269 }}</ref> The [[North West Company]] built [[Fort Gibraltar]] in 1809, and the Hudson's Bay Company built [[Fort Douglas (Canada)|Fort Douglas]] in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite journal |title=A Brief Chronology of Events Relative to Lord Selkirk's Settlement at Red River – 1811 to 1815 |last=Brown |first=Alice E |journal=Manitoba Pageant |date=April 1962 |volume=7 |issue=3 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/07/selkirkchronology.shtml}}</ref> The two companies competed fiercely over trade.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bumstead |first=JM |title=Fur Trade Wars: the founding of Western Canada |publisher=Great Plains Publications |year=1999 |isbn=1-894283-03-1 }}</ref> The Métis and Lord Selkirk's settlers fought at the [[Battle of Seven Oaks]] in 1816. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies merged, ending their long rivalry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPCONTENTSE1EP6CH5PA3LE.html |title=Battle at Seven Oaks |accessdate=4 March 2014 |publisher=CBC |work=Canada: A People's History |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619210110/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPCONTENTSE1EP6CH5PA3LE.html |archivedate=19 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fort Gibraltar was renamed [[Fort Garry]] in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudson's Bay Company.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web |title=Manitoba Time Line |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/features/timeline.shtml |publisher=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526054241/http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/features/timeline.shtml |archivedate=26 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> A flood destroyed the fort in 1826 and it was not rebuilt until 1835.<ref name="timeline"/> A rebuilt section of the fort, consisting of the front gate and a section of the wall, is near the modern-day corner of Main Street and Broadway in downtown Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com/vignettes/vignettes_128W.htm |title=Greater Winnipeg: Upper Fort Garry Gate |publisher=Virtual Heritage Winnipeg |accessdate=16 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207082855/http://www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com/vignettes/vignettes_128W.htm |archivedate=7 December 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 1869–70, present-day Winnipeg was the site of the [[Red River Rebellion]], a conflict between the local provisional government of Métis, led by [[Louis Riel]], and newcomers from eastern Canada. General [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Garnet Wolseley]] was sent to put down the uprising. The [[Manitoba Act]] of 1870 made Manitoba the [[provinces and territories of Canada|fifth province]] of the three-year-old [[Canadian Confederation]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayes |first=Derek |title=Historical Atlas of Canada |publisher=D&M Adult |year=2006 |pages=213–214 |isbn=1-55365-077-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sprague |first=DN |title=Canada and the Métis, 1869–1885 |publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press |year=1988 |pages=33–67, 89–129 |isbn=978-0-88920-964-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=David |last2=Tyler |first2=Grant |title=Canadian campaigns 1860–70 |year=1992 |publisher=Osprey |isbn=978-1-85532-226-4 |pages=36–39 }}</ref> [[Treaty 1]], which encompassed the city and much of the surrounding area, was signed on 3 August 1871 by representatives of the Crown and local Indigenous groups, comprising the Brokenhead Ojibway, Sagkeeng, Long Plain, Peguis, Roseau River Anishinabe, Sandy Bay and Swan Lake communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.winnipegvitalsigns.org/vital-information/treaty-1/|title=Treaty 1|work=Winnipeg's Vital Signs|accessdate=31 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901080453/https://www.winnipegvitalsigns.org/vital-information/treaty-1/|archivedate=1 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 November 1873, Winnipeg was incorporated as a city, with the Selkirk settlement as its nucleus.<ref name="Winnipeg's History">{{cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/HistoricalProfile.stm |title=History of Winnipeg: Historical Profile |publisher=City of Winnipeg |accessdate=8 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819075903/http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/HistoricalProfile.stm |archivedate=19 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Métis legislator and interpreter [[James McKay (fur trader)|James McKay]] named the city.<ref name="mckaysidea">{{cite news |title=Who Named the North-Land? |work=[[Manitoba Free Press]] |date=19 August 1876 |page=3 }}</ref> Winnipeg's mandate was to govern and provide municipal services to citizens attracted to trade expansion between [[Fort Garry|Upper Fort Garry]] / [[Lower Fort Garry]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://winnipeginfocus.winnipeg.ca/city-of-winnipeg-1874-1971-2|title=Winnipeg (Man.) |website=Winnipeg in Focus|accessdate=3 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055309/http://winnipeginfocus.winnipeg.ca/city-of-winnipeg-1874-1971-2|archivedate=4 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Winnipeg developed rapidly after the coming of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] in 1881.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/business/cpr.shtml |title=MHS Centennial Business: Canadian Pacific Railway Company |publisher=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=16 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829085939/http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/business/cpr.shtml |archivedate=29 August 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The railway divided the North End, which housed mainly Eastern Europeans, from the richer Anglo-Saxon southern part of the city.<ref name="ce"/> It also contributed to a demographic shift beginning shortly after Confederation that saw the francophone population decrease from a majority to a small minority group. This shift resulted in Premier [[Thomas Greenway]] controversially ending legislative bilingualism and [[Manitoba Schools Question|removing funding for French Catholic Schools]] in 1890.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Exclusive/Articles/Controversy-and-Compromise-over-the-Manitoba-Schoo |work=Canada's History |title=Controversy and compromise over the Manitoba Schools Question |accessdate=26 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527213333/http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Exclusive/Articles/Controversy-and-Compromise-over-the-Manitoba-Schoo |archivedate=27 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
===Modern history (1900–present)===
By 1911, Winnipeg was Canada's third-largest city.<ref name="ce"/> However, the city faced financial difficulty when the [[Panama Canal]] opened in 1914.<ref>{{cite news |title=The heart of the continent? |last=Silicz |first=Michael |date=10 September 2008 |work=[[The Manitoban]]}}</ref> The canal reduced reliance on Canada's rail system for international trade; the increase in shipping traffic helped [[Vancouver]] to surpass Winnipeg in both prosperity and population by the end of [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hiller |first=Harry |title=Second promised land: migration to Alberta and the transformation of Canadian society |year=2009 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=978-0-7735-3517-6 |pages=33–34}}</ref>
[[File:WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg|thumb|Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the [[Winnipeg General Strike]] in 1919]]
More than 30,000 workers walked off their jobs in May 1919 in what came to be known as the [[Winnipeg general strike]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH3PA2LE.html|work=Canada: A People's History|title=The Winnipeg General Strike|publisher=CBC|accessdate=4 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918033647/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH3PA2LE.html|archivedate=18 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The strike was a product of postwar recession, labour conditions, the activity of union organizers and a large influx of returning World War I soldiers seeking work.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bothwell|first1=Robert|last2=Drummond|first2=Ian|last3=English|first3=John|title=Canada, 1900–1945|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1990|page=165|isbn=0-8020-6801-4}}</ref> After many arrests, deportations, and incidents of violence, the strike ended on 21 June 1919 when the [[Riot Act]] was read and a group of [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] officers charged a group of strikers.<ref name="bloody">{{cite web|url=http://curio.ca/en/bloody-saturday-the-winnipeg-general-strike/1106|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209071531/http://curio.ca/en/bloody-saturday-the-winnipeg-general-strike/1106|archivedate=9 February 2014|title=Bloody Saturday|publisher=CBC|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> Two strikers were killed and at least thirty others were injured on the day that became known as ''Bloody Saturday''; the event polarized the population.<ref name="bloody"/> One of the leaders of the strike, [[J. S. Woodsworth]], went on to found Canada's first major socialist party, the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]], which later became the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]].<ref>{{cite book|last=MacInnis|first=Grace|title=J. S. Woodsworth: A Man to Remember|year=1953|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0770511807}}</ref>
The [[Manitoba Legislative Building]], constructed mainly of [[Tyndall stone]], opened in 1920; its dome supports a bronze statue finished in gold leaf, titled "Eternal Youth and the Spirit of Enterprise" (commonly known as the "[[Golden Boy (Manitoba)|Golden Boy]]").<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legtour/legbld.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413001158/http://www.gov.mb.ca/legtour/legbld.html|archivedate=13 April 2008|title=The History|work=Legislative Tour|publisher=Province of Manitoba|accessdate=16 July 2009}}</ref> The [[stock market crash of 1929]] and the [[Great Depression]] resulted in widespread unemployment, worsened by drought and low agricultural prices.<ref>{{cite conference|title=The Dirty Thirties in Prairie Canada|conference=11th Western Canadian Studies Conference|editor=Francis, RD |editor2=Ganzevoort, H|publisher=Tantalus Research|year=1980|isbn=0-919478-46-8}}</ref> The Depression ended after the start of [[World War II]] in 1939.<ref name=ce>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/winnipeg/|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Winnipeg|date=11 September 2012|author=Artibise, Alan|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224035342/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/winnipeg/|archivedate=24 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Wfp 1942.jpg|thumb|left|In 1942, the Canadian Victory Loan campaign [[If Day|simulated]] a [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] occupation of the city to raise [[war bonds]].]]
In the [[Battle of Hong Kong]], [[The Winnipeg Grenadiers]] were among the first Canadians to engage in combat against Japan. Battalion members who survived combat were taken prisoner and endured brutal treatment in [[prisoner of war]] camps.<ref name="Vance1994">{{cite book|author=Vance, Jonathan|title=Objects of concern: Canadian prisoners of war through the twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L32wsAE2EcAC&pg=PA183|year=1994|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-0504-9|page=183}}</ref> In 1942, the Victory Loan Campaign staged a [[If Day|mock Nazi invasion]] of Winnipeg to promote awareness of the stakes of the war in Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Maclean's]] |author=Burch, Ted|date=10 September 1960|title=The day the Nazis took over Winnipeg|pages=46–47|url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1960/9/10/the-day-the-nazis-took-over-winnipeg}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|title=If|page=1|author=Groom, Kick|date=5 January 1985}}</ref> When the war ended, pent-up demand generated a boom in housing development, although building activity was checked by the [[1950 Red River flood]].<ref name="flood">{{cite journal|last=Hurst|first=William D|date=1955–1956|title=The Red River Flood of 1950|journal=MHS Transactions |series =Third Series|issue=12|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/flood1950.shtml}}</ref> The federal government estimated damage at over $26 million, although the province indicated that it was at least double that.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bumsted|first=JM|title=The Manitoba Royal Commission on Flood Cost Benefit and the Origins of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Canada|journal=American Review of Canadian Studies|date=March 2002 |volume=32|issue=1 |pages=97–121 |doi=10.1080/02722010209481659}}</ref> The damage caused by the flood led then-Premier [[Dufferin Roblin|Duff Roblin]] to advocate for the construction of the [[Red River Floodway]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Haque, C Emdad|date=May 2000|title=Risk Assessment, Emergency Preparedness and Response to Hazards: The Case of the 1997 Red River Valley Flood, Canada|journal=Natural Hazards|volume=21|issue=2|pages=226–237|doi=10.1023/a:1008108208545}}</ref>
Before 1972, Winnipeg was the largest of thirteen cities and towns in a metropolitan area around the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. In 1960, the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg was established to co-ordinate service delivery in the metropolitan region.<ref name=":0" /> A consolidated metropolitan "[[Amalgamation of Winnipeg|unicity]]" government incorporating Winnipeg and its surrounding municipalities was established on 27 July 1971, taking effect in 1972.<ref name="unicity">{{cite journal|title=The Reform of a Metropolitan Government: The Case of Winnipeg, 1971|author=Lightbody, James|year= 1978|journal=Canadian Public Policy|volume=4|issue=4|pages=489–504|doi=10.2307/3549974|jstor=3549974}}</ref> The [[City of Winnipeg Act]] incorporated the current city.<ref name=ce/> In 2003, the City of Winnipeg Act was repealed and replaced with the City of Winnipeg Charter.<ref name=":0" />
Winnipeg experienced a severe economic downturn in advance of the [[early 1980s recession]], during which the city incurred closures of prominent businesses, including the ''[[Winnipeg Tribune]]'', as well as the [[Swift & Company|Swift's]] and [[Canada Packers]] meat packing plants.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/hansard/36th_2nd/vol32a/h032a_3.html |url-status=live| title= Hansard, Volume XLVI No. 32A, Oral Questions | publisher= Manitoba Legislature | date=9 May 1996}}</ref> In 1981, Winnipeg was one of the first cities in Canada to sign a tripartite agreement with the provincial and federal governments to redevelop its downtown area,<ref name="SanctonYoung2009">{{cite book|author1=Sancton, Andrew|author2=Young, Robert Andrew|title=Foundations of governance: municipal government in Canada's provinces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvURRf7mGi4C&pg=PA250|year=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-9650-0|page=250}}</ref> and the three levels of government contributed over $271 million to its development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wd.gc.ca/eng/298.asp|title=Urban Development Agreements|publisher=Western Economic Diversification Canada|accessdate=16 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530222137/http://www.wd.gc.ca/eng/298.asp |archivedate=30 May 2009}}</ref> In 1989, the reclamation and redevelopment of the [[Canadian National Railway|CNR]] [[rail yard]]s turned The Forks into Winnipeg's most popular tourist attraction.<ref name="forkshistory" /><ref name="ce" /> The city was threatened by the [[1997 Red River flood]] as well as further floods in [[2009 Red River flood|2009]] and [[2011 Red River flood|2011]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/flooding/historical_facts.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305020905/https://www.gov.mb.ca/flooding/historical_facts.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|accessdate=4 March 2014|title=Manitoba Flood Facts|publisher=Province of Manitoba}}</ref>
==Geography==
{{Main|Geography and climate of Winnipeg}}
[[File:2005 Winnipeg Flood.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|Docks at [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]]. The city lies at the bottom of the [[Red River Valley]], a flood plain with a flat topography.]]
Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the [[Red River Valley]], a flood plain with an extremely flat topography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604201210/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archivedate=4 June 2011 |title=Geomorphology of the Red River|publisher=Natural Resources Canada|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> It is on the eastern edge of the [[Canadian Prairies]] in [[Western Canada]] and is known as the "Gateway to the West".<ref name=ce/> Winnipeg is bordered by [[tallgrass prairie]] to the west and south and the [[aspen parkland]] to the northeast, although most of the native prairie grasses have been removed for agriculture and urbanization.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naturenorth.com/summer/wildlife/wildF.html |title=Manitoba's Tall Grass Prairie Preserve |work=Nature North Zine |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203221253/http://www.naturenorth.com/summer/wildlife/wildF.html |archivedate=3 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is relatively close to many large [[Canadian Shield]] lakes and parks, as well as [[Lake Winnipeg]] ([[List of lakes by area|the Earth's 11th largest freshwater lake]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210173421/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html|archivedate=10 February 2007 |title= Lake Winnipeg |publisher= World Lake Database|accessdate=4 March 2014}}</ref> Winnipeg has North America's largest extant mature urban elm forest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/featured/trees-451332803.html|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|title=The City of Winnipeg's most common tree types, mapped|author=Bruce, Graeme|date=17 October 2017}}</ref> The city has an area of {{convert|464.08|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=area/>
Winnipeg has four major rivers: the [[Red River of the North|Red]], [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]], [[La Salle River|La Salle]] and [[Seine River (Manitoba)|Seine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iclr.org/images/Charles_-_Full.pdf|author=Boulet, Charles|title=Basement Flood Risk Reduction: City of Winnipeg|publisher=Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction|accessdate=4 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104639/http://www.iclr.org/images/Charles_-_Full.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The city was subject to severe flooding in the past. The Red River reached its greatest flood height in [[1826 Red River flood|1826]]. Another large flood in [[1950 Red River flood|1950]] caused millions of dollars in damage and mass evacuations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/historical_e.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719121057/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/historical_e.php|archivedate=19 July 2010|title=Historical floods and flood disasters|publisher=Natural Resources Canada|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> This flood prompted [[Dufferin Roblin|Duff Roblin]]'s provincial government to build the [[Red River Floodway]] to protect the city.<ref name=ce/> In the [[1997 Red River flood|1997 flood]], flood control dikes were reinforced and raised using sandbags; Winnipeg suffered limited damage compared to the flood's impact on cities without such structures, such as [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/red-river-rising-manitoba-floods/topic---red-river-rising-manitoba-floods.html|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=CBC|title=Red River Rising: Manitoba floods|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231020409/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/red-river-rising-manitoba-floods/topic---red-river-rising-manitoba-floods.html|archivedate=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The generally flat terrain and the poor drainage of the Red River Valley's clay-based soil also results in many [[mosquito]]es during wetter years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcpp.org/posts/floodway-part-of-war-on-mosquitoes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193229/https://www.fcpp.org/posts/floodway-part-of-war-on-mosquitoes|archivedate=2 April 2015|title=Floodway: part of war on mosquitoes?|date=25 September 2002|publisher=Frontier Centre for Public Policy}}</ref>
===Climate===
[[File:River River Curling.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Winters are cold with little precipitation in Winnipeg.]]
Winnipeg's location in the Canadian Prairies gives it a warm-summer [[humid continental climate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=25817&cityname=Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba%2C+Canada&units=|title=Winnipeg, Manitoba Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase|accessdate=27 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211205819/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=25817&cityname=Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba%2C+Canada&units=|archivedate=11 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |publisher=[[University of Melbourne]] |accessdate=8 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |archivedate=3 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> with warm, humid summers, and long, severely cold winters. Summers have a July mean average of {{convert|19.7|C|}}.<ref name=normals>{{cite web | url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=winnipeg&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=3698&dispBack=1 | title= Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data| publisher= Environment Canada | accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> Winters are the coldest time of year, with the January mean average around {{convert|-16.4|C}} and total winter precipitation (December through February) averaging {{convert|55.2|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=normals/> Temperatures occasionally drop below {{convert|-40|C}}.<ref name=normals/>
On average there are 317.8 days per year with measurable sunshine, with July seeing the most on average.<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3698&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=winnipeg_&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=1 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203111003/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3698&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=winnipeg_&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|archivedate=3 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> With 2353 hours of sunshine per year, Winnipeg is the second sunniest city in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/sunniest-cities.php |title=Sunniest City in Canada – Current Results<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=19 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510084431/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/sunniest-cities.php |archivedate=10 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Total annual precipitation (both rain and snow) is just over {{convert|521|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=normals/> Thunderstorms are very common during summer, and sometimes severe enough to produce tornadoes.<ref name="storms">{{cite web|title=Thunderstorms|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/severeweather/thunderstorms.html|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=14 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807202840/http://www.gov.mb.ca/severeweather/thunderstorms.html|archivedate=7 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Low [[wind chill]] values are a common occurrence in the local climate. The wind chill has gone down as low as {{convert|−57.1|C}} and on average there are twelve days of the year that can reach a wind chill below {{convert|−40|C}}.<ref name=normals/>
The highest temperature ever recorded in Winnipeg was {{convert|42.2|C}} on 11 July 1936 while the highest daily low temperature was {{convert|28.3|C}} on 12 July 1936.<ref name="July 1936">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-03-01%7C1938-07-31&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1938-12-01&StationID=3703&Prov=MB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=winnipeg+st&timeframe=2&Year=1936&Month=7#|title=July 1936|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=18 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609180440/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-03-01%7C1938-07-31&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1938-12-01&StationID=3703&Prov=MB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=winnipeg+st&timeframe=2&Year=1936&Month=7|archivedate=9 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[apparent temperature|apparent heat]] can be even more extreme due to bursts of humidity, and on 25 July 2007 a [[humidex]] reading of {{convert|47.3|C}} was measured.<ref name=normals/>
The frost-free season is comparatively long for a location with such severe winters. The last spring frost is on average around 23 May, while the first fall frost is on 22 September.<ref name=normals/>
{{Winnipeg weatherbox}}
===Cityscape===
{{see also|List of Winnipeg neighbourhoods|List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg|Subdivisions of Winnipeg}}
[[File:Downtown Area, Winnipeg - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Centred on the intersection of [[Portage and Main]], [[Downtown Winnipeg]] is the city's [[central business district]].]]
There are officially 236 neighbourhoods in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|title=Description of Geographies Used to Produce Census Profiles|url=http://winnipeg.ca/census/includes/Geographies.stm#Neighbourhoods|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=14 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930222012/http://www.winnipeg.ca/census/includes/Geographies.stm#Neighbourhoods|archivedate=30 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Downtown Winnipeg]], the city's financial heart and economic core, is centred on the intersection of [[Portage and Main|Portage Avenue and Main Street]] and covers about {{convert|1|sqmi||abbr=on|order=flip}}. More than 72,000 people work downtown, and over 40,000 students attend classes at its universities and colleges.<ref name="BIZ">{{cite web|url= http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140111075234/http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf|archivedate= 11 January 2014|title= Trends 2010|date=8 July 2010|publisher= Downtown Winnipeg BIZ}}</ref>
Downtown Winnipeg's [[Exchange District]] is named after the area's original grain exchange, which operated from 1880 to 1913.<ref name="BIZ"/> The 30-block district received [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site of Canada]] status in 1997; it includes North America's most extensive collection of early 20th-century [[terracotta]] and cut stone architecture, [[Stephen Juba]] Park, and Old Market Square.<ref name="BIZ"/> Other major downtown areas are [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]], [[Central Park (Winnipeg)|Central Park]], Broadway-Assiniboine and [[Chinatown, Winnipeg|Chinatown]]. Many of Downtown Winnipeg's major buildings are linked with the [[Winnipeg Walkway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928014925/http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf|archivedate=28 September 2011|title=Downtown Winnipeg Profile|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>
Residential neighbourhoods surround the downtown in all directions; expansion is greatest to the south and west, although several areas remain underdeveloped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inura.org/NMM_Posters_PDF/INURA11_Winnipeg.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504164811/http://www.inura.org/NMM_Posters_PDF/INURA11_Winnipeg.pdf|archivedate=4 May 2015|accessdate=4 March 2014|title=Winnipeg, Manitoba|publisher=International Network for Urban Research and Action}}</ref> The city's largest park, [[Assiniboine Park]], houses the [[Assiniboine Park Zoo]] and the [[Leo Mol|Leo Mol Sculpture Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/about/park-story.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216034718/http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/about/park-story.php|archivedate=16 February 2012|title=Assiniboine Park's Story|publisher=Assiniboine Park|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> Other large city parks include [[Kildonan Park]] and [[St. Vital Park]]. The city's major commercial areas are [[Polo Park]], Kildonan Crossing, South St. Vital, Garden City (West Kildonan), Pembina Strip, Kenaston Smart Centre, [[Osborne Village]], and the Corydon strip.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/shopping|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=Tourism Winnipeg|title=Shopping|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020194845/http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/shopping|archivedate=20 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The main cultural and nightlife areas are the Exchange District, The Forks, Osborne Village and Corydon Village (both in Fort Rouge), Sargent and Ellice Avenues (West End) and Old St. Boniface.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/night-life|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=Tourism Winnipeg|title=Nightlife|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020194857/http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/night-life|archivedate=20 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Osborne Village]] is Winnipeg's most densely populated neighbourhood<ref>{{cite web|title=Neighbourhoods: The Village Pilgrimage|url=http://www.where.ca/winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807034934/http://www.where.ca/winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14|archivedate=7 August 2011|website=Where|accessdate=23 May 2011}}</ref> and one of the most densely populated neighbourhoods in Western Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/clkdmis/documents/c/2006/a6621/pd%2009%2019%20no.%2015%20att.pdf|title=Osborne Village Neighbourhood Plan|publisher=City of Winnipeg|date=June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050455/http://winnipeg.ca/clkdmis/documents/c/2006/a6621/pd%2009%2019%20no.%2015%20att.pdf|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Demographics==<!--Please make note of which census to which the data refers before making edits. Thanks.-->
{{Main|Demographics of Winnipeg}}
{{historical populations
| style="text-align:center;"|state=collapsed| cols = 3|percentages=on|width=10em
| title = {{small|[[Population growth]] since 1871}}
| 1871|241
| 1881|7,995
| 1891|26,529
| 1901|42,540
| 1911|136,035
| 1921|179,097
| 1931|218,785
| 1941|221,969
| 1951|235,710
| 1961|265,420
| 1971|246,246
| 1981|564,373
| 1991|616,790
| 2001|619,544
| 2011|663,617
| 2021|749,607
| footnote = {{small|The drastic population increase between 1971 and 1981 was due in part to Winnipeg's amalgamation in 1972.}}
| source =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1932/193201410103_p.%20103.pdf|title=Censuses 1871–1931|work=Canada Year Book 1932|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019190112/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1932%2F193201410103_p.%20103.pdf|archivedate=19 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1955/195501710145_p.%20145.pdf|title=Census 1941–1951|work=Canada Year Book 1955|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209035552/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1955%2F195501710145_p.%20145.pdf|archivedate=9 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf|title=Census 1961|work=Canada Year Book 1967|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223151220/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1967%2F196702210189_p.%20189.pdf|archivedate=23 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Canada Year Book 1974|chapter=Censuses 1966, 1971|publisher=Statistics Canada|url=https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1974-eng.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Canada Year Book 1988|chapter=Censuses 1981, 1986|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf|page=9|date=28 April 1992|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Twenty-five largest municipalities|work=The Daily|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324174505/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf|archivedate=24 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|title=2001 Community Profiles: Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209064155/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archivedate=9 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-310-x/98-310-x2011001-eng.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=The Canadian Population in 2011|page=19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702225851/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-310-x/98-310-x2011001-eng.pdf|archivedate=2 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=2021census/>
}}
In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Winnipeg recorded a population of {{nts|749607}} living in {{nts|300431}} of its {{nts|315465}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:749607-705244}}|705244|1}} from its 2016 population of {{nts|705244}}. With a land area of {{convert|461.78|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|749607|461.78|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000246 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Manitoba | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 19, 2022}}</ref> The Winnipeg census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 834,678 in 2021.<ref name=2021censusCMA>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 20, 2022}}</ref> Thus, Winnipeg is Manitoba's largest city and Canada's sixth largest city,<ref name=2021census/> while it is Canada's eighth largest CMA.<ref name=2021censusCMA/>
Winnipeg represents 54.9% of the population of the province of Manitoba, the highest population concentration in one city of any province in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312215907/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A|archivedate=12 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities)|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HdM14Gov?url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|archivedate=25 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from the city of Winnipeg, the Winnipeg CMA includes the [[List of rural municipalities in Manitoba|rural municipalities]] of [[Rural Municipality of Springfield|Springfield]], [[Rural Municipality of St. Clements|St. Clements]], [[rural Municipality of Taché|Taché]], [[Rural Municipality of East St. Paul|East St. Paul]], [[Rural Municipality of Macdonald|Macdonald]], [[Rural Municipality of Ritchot|Ritchot]], [[Rural Municipality of West St. Paul|West St. Paul]], [[Rural Municipality of Headingley|Headingley]], the [[Brokenhead 4, Manitoba|Brokenhead 4 reserve]], [[Rural Municipality of Rosser|Rosser]] and [[Rural Municipality of St. François Xavier|St. François Xavier]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census profile: Winnipeg (census metropolitan area)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305052713/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Statistics Canada]]'s estimate of the Winnipeg CMA population as of 1 July 2020 is 850,056, making it the 7th largest CMA in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population estimates, July 1, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2016 boundaries1|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710013501|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=13 June 2021}}</ref>
As of the 2006 census, 48.3 percent of residents were male and 51.7 percent were female. 24.3 percent were 19 years old or younger, 27.4 percent were between 20 and 30 years old, and 34.0 percent were between 40 and 64 years old. The average age of a Winnipegger in May 2006 was 38.7, compared to an average of 39.5 for Canada as a whole.<ref name="2006CityProfile">{{cite web
| url = http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
| title = Community Profile of the City of Winnipeg
| publisher = Statistics Canada
| date = 30 September 2007
| accessdate = 30 September 2007
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140108004835/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
| archivedate = 8 January 2014
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Between the censuses of 2006 and 2011, Winnipeg's population increased by 4.8 percent, compared to 5.2 percent for Manitoba as a whole. The population density of the city of Winnipeg averaged 1,430 people per km<sup>2</sup>, compared with 2.2 for Manitoba.<ref name=cy11>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census Profile: Winnipeg (city)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724040230/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archivedate=24 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatleft"
|+ Ethnic origins, 2011<ref name=nhs11/>
!Ethnicity
!Population
!%
|-
|English
|137,075
|21.1
|-
|Scottish
|113,465
|17.4
|-
|Canadian
|108,955
|16.76
|-
|German
|105,910
|16.2
|-
|Ukrainian
|98,860
|15.2
|-
|Irish
|85,800
|13.2
|-
|French
|85,025
|13.1
|-
|Aboriginal (incl. Métis)
|76,055
|11.7
|-
|Filipino
|58,255
|9.0
|-
|Polish
|50,385
|7.8
|}Winnipeg has a significant and increasing [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|Aboriginal]] population, with both the highest percentage of Aboriginal peoples (12.2%) for any major Canadian city, and the highest total number of Aboriginals (84,305) for any single non-reserve municipality.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census Profile, 2016, Winnipeg, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Canada [Country] Aboriginal population|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Aboriginal%20peoples&TABID=1&type=0 |work=Statistics Canada |accessdate=24 October 2021}}</ref> The Aboriginal population grew by 22% between 2001 and 2006, compared to an increase of 3% for the city as a whole; this population tends to be younger and less wealthy than non-Aboriginal residents.<ref name=uaps/> Winnipeg also has the highest Métis population in both percentage (6.3%) and numbers (41,005); the growth rate for this population between 2001 and 2006 was 30%.<ref name=nhs11/><ref name=uaps>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaps.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/UAPS-Winnipeg-report_FINAL.pdf|work=Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study|title=Winnipeg Report|publisher=Environics Institute|year=2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207041046/http://uaps.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/UAPS-Winnipeg-report_FINAL.pdf|archivedate=7 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
The city has the greatest percentage of Filipino residents (8.7%) of any major Canadian city, although [[Toronto]] has more Filipinos by total population. In 2006, Winnipeg ranked seventh of the Canadian cities for percentage of residents of a visible minority.<ref name=nhs11>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|title=National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001448/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|archivedate=3 December 2013|url-status=live}} Compared to similar profiles generated for other major cities.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/access_acces/archive.action-eng.cfm?/english/census06/analysis/ethnicorigin/pdf/97-562-XIE2006001.pdf |title=National Household Survey – Reference products, 2011 |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=28 May 2013 |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201222745/http://www12.statcan.ca/access_acces/archive.action-eng.cfm?%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fanalysis%2Fethnicorigin%2Fpdf%2F97-562-XIE2006001.pdf |archivedate=1 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of the 2016 Census, the population was 63.9% European in origin (73.5% of the city was white in 2006), while non-aboriginal visible minorities represent 23.5% (up from 16.3% in 2006).<ref name=nhs11/><ref name="2006CityProfile"/> The city receives over 10,000 net international immigrants per year.<ref name=ctr>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/cao/pdfs/TheCommunityTrendsReportOctober2013.pdf|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Community Trends Report|date=October 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326080309/http://www.winnipeg.ca/cao/pdfs/TheCommunityTrendsReportOctober2013.pdf|archivedate=26 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
More than a hundred languages are spoken in Winnipeg, of which the most common is English: 99 percent of Winnipeggers are [[fluency|fluent]] English speakers, 88 percent speak only English, and 0.1 percent speak only French (Canada's other [[official language]]). 10 percent speak both English and French, while 1.3 percent speak neither. Other languages spoken as a [[mother tongue]] in Winnipeg include [[Filipino language|Tagalog]] (5.0%), German (2.5%), and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (both 1.4%). Several Aboriginal languages are also spoken, such as [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] (0.3%) and [[Cree language|Cree]] (0.2%).<ref name=cy11/>
The 2011 National Household Survey reported the religious make-up of Winnipeg as: 63.7% [[Christians|Christian]], including 29.7% [[Catholic]], 8.1% [[United Church of Canada|United Church]], and 4.6% [[Anglican]]; 1.7% [[Muslim]]; 1.6% [[Jewish]]; 1.5% [[Sikh]]; 1.0% [[Hindu]]; 1.0% [[Buddhist]]; 0.3% [[Native American religion|traditional (aboriginal) spirituality]]; 0.4% other; and 28.9% no religious affiliation.<ref name=nhs11/>
==Economy==
{{See also|List of corporations based in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Winnipeg_Mint.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Royal Canadian Mint]]'s facility in Winnipeg produces [[Coins of the Canadian dollar|Canadian coins]] for circulation, as well as foreign coins.]]
Winnipeg is an economic base and regional centre. It has a diversified economy, with major employment in the health care and social assistance (15%), retail (11%), manufacturing (8%), and public administration (8%) sectors.<ref name=ecprofile>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/jec/ecprofiles/pdfs/winnipeg/winnipeg_ep.pdf|publisher=Government of Manitoba|title=Winnipeg Economic Profile|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> There were approximately 444,000 jobs in the city as of 2016.<ref name=ecprofile/> Some of Winnipeg's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including the Province of Manitoba, the University of Manitoba, the City of Winnipeg, [[Manitoba Hydro]], and [[Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation]]. Major private-sector employers include Canad Corporation of Manitoba, [[Great-West Life Assurance Company|Canada Life Assurance Company]], [[StandardAero]], and [[SkipTheDishes]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Largest Employers, All Sectors, Winnipeg, Manitoba|publisher=Economic Development Winnipeg|accessdate=2 April 2021|url=https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/site-selection/data-tables}}</ref>
According to the [[Conference Board of Canada]], Winnipeg was projected to experience a real GDP growth of 1.9 percent in 2019. Gross Domestic Product was $43.3 Billion in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/ |title=Economic Indicators |work=Economic Development Winnipeg |accessdate=30 December 2021 }}</ref>
The city had an unemployment rate of 5.3% in 2019, compared to a national rate of 5.7%. Household income per capita was $47,824, compared to $49,744 nationally.<ref name=indicators>{{cite web|url=https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/choose-winnipeg/locate-expand-here/economic-indicators|publisher=Economic Development Winnipeg|title=Economic Indicators|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref>
The [[Royal Canadian Mint]], established in 1976, produces all circulating coinage in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/visit-the-mint-1200026|title=Visit the Mint|publisher=Royal Canadian Mint|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620064544/http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/visit-the-mint-1200026|archivedate=20 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The facility, located in southeastern Winnipeg, also produces coins for many other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/our-services-1200030|title=Our Services|publisher=Royal Canadian Mint|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620064539/http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/our-services-1200030|archivedate=20 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2012, Winnipeg was ranked by [[KPMG]] as the least expensive location to do business in western Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpmg.com/ca/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/press-releases/pages/competitive-alternatives-release-winnipeg.aspx|title=Winnipeg the most cost competitive in western Canada|publisher=KPMG|date=22 March 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006001647/http://www.kpmg.com/Ca/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Press-Releases/Pages/Competitive-Alternatives-Release-Winnipeg.aspx |archivedate=6 October 2012}}</ref> Like many prairie cities, Winnipeg has a relatively low cost of living.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Consumer price index, by city (monthly)|accessdate=3 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228042531/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|archivedate=28 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The average house price in Winnipeg was $301,518 as of 2018.<ref name=indicators/> As of May 2014, the [[Consumer Price Index]] was 125.8 relative to 2002 prices, reflecting consumer costs at the Canadian average.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|accessdate=4 July 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Consumer Price Index, by city (monthly)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228042531/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|archivedate=28 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis01a-eng.htm|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Consumer Price Index, by province (monthly)|accessdate=5 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707221903/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis01a-eng.htm|archivedate=7 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Culture==
{{Main|Winnipeg arts and culture}}
{{See also|List of people from Winnipeg|Category:Museums in Winnipeg|Category:Theatre companies in Manitoba|List of TV and films shot in Winnipeg|List of Winnipeg musicians}}
[[File:Esplanderiel.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Esplanade Riel]] is a landmark and pedestrian bridge in the city. It connects downtown Winnipeg with the [[St. Boniface, Winnipeg|St. Boniface]] neighbourhood.]]
Winnipeg was named the Cultural Capital of Canada in 2010 by Canadian Heritage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artsforall.ca/ |title=Arts for All |publisher=Winnipeg Arts Council |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516215755/http://artsforall.ca/ |archivedate=16 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2021, there are 26 [[List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Manitoba|National Historic Sites of Canada]] in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnipeg |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=Winnipeg&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlProvince=100069&dey=&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlCustodian= |work=Directory of Federal Heritage Designations |publisher=[[Parks Canada]] |accessdate=2 April 2021 }} See also: [https://archive.today/20130101115246/http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=Boniface&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$ddlProvince=100069&dey=&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$ddlCustodian= St. Boniface].</ref> One of these, [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]], attracts four million visitors a year.<ref name=forks>{{cite web|url=http://www.theforks.com/forks|title=The Forks|publisher=The Forks|accessdate=4 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704072710/http://www.theforks.com/forks|archivedate=4 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is home to the [[City (TV network)|City]] television studio, [[Manitoba Theatre for Young People]], the [[Winnipeg International Children's Festival]], and the [[Manitoba Children's Museum]]. It also features a {{convert|30000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} skate plaza, a {{convert|8500|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} bowl complex, which features a mural of Winnipeg skateboarding pioneer Jai Pereira, the [[Esplanade Riel]] bridge,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theforks.com/28|title=Attractions|publisher=The Forks|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703055042/http://www.theforks.com/28|archivedate=3 July 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> a river walkway, [[Shaw Park]], and the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]].<ref name=forks/> The [[Winnipeg Public Library]] is a public library network with 20 branches throughout the city, including the main [[Millennium Library (Winnipeg)|Millennium Library]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/interhom/guide/all/Library.stm|title=Library Services|work=Newcomers Pocket Guide to Winnipeg|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713162941/http://www.winnipeg.ca/interhom/guide/all/Library.stm|archivedate=13 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Winnipeg the Bear]], which would become the inspiration for part of the name of [[Winnie-the-Pooh]], was purchased in Ontario by Lieutenant [[Harry Colebourn]] of [[the Fort Garry Horse]]. He named the bear after the regiment's home town of Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.just-pooh.com/history.html|title=History of Winnie the Pooh|publisher=Disney|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728094121/http://www.just-pooh.com/history.html|archivedate=28 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> [[A. A. Milne]] later wrote a series of books featuring the fictional Winnie-the-Pooh. The series' illustrator, [[E. H. Shepard|Ernest H. Shepard]], created the only known oil painting of Winnipeg's adopted fictional bear, displayed in Assiniboine Park.<ref name="shepard">{{cite web|url=http://www.poohcorner.com/Ernest-H.-Shepard-Illustrator.html|title=Ernest H. Shepard, Illustrator|work=Pooh Corner|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828100636/http://www.poohcorner.com/Ernest-H.-Shepard-Illustrator.html|archivedate=28 August 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
The city has developed many distinct dishes and cooking styles, notably in the areas of [[confectionery]] and [[Hot-smoking|hot-smoked fish]]. Both the First Nations and more recent Eastern Canadian, European, and Asian immigrants have helped shape Winnipeg's dining scene, giving birth to dishes such as the desserts [[schmoo torte]] and [[Flapper pie|wafer pie]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kives|first=Bartley|date=3 July 2011|title=The road to our signature dish: Interesting fusion creation a contender|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/the-road-to-our-signature-dish-124935189.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gillmor|first=Alison|date=7 November 2012|title=Wafer? Flapper? Open Wide and Say 'Sals'|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/food/wafer-flapper-open-wide-and-say-sals-177603771.html}}</ref>
The [[Winnipeg Art Gallery]] is Western Canada's oldest public art gallery, founded in 1912. It is the sixth-largest in the country<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wag.ca/about/facts/history|title=The Winnipeg Art Gallery|publisher=The Winnipeg Art Gallery|accessdate=9 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519162913/http://wag.ca/about/facts/history|archivedate=19 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and includes the world's largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art.<ref name=ce/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wag.ca/art/collections|title=Collection of The Winnipeg Art Gallery|publisher=The Winnipeg Art Gallery|accessdate=9 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421143524/http://wag.ca/art/collections|archivedate=21 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the late 1970s Winnipeg has also had an active [[Canadian artist-run centres|artist run centre]] culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marcc.ca/about-marcc.html|title=Artist run centre members|publisher=MARCC|accessdate=17 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118222046/http://www.marcc.ca/about-marcc.html|archivedate=18 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Centennial Concert Hall.jpg|thumb|left|[[Centennial Concert Hall]] is a [[performing arts centre]] that is home to the [[Manitoba Opera]], [[Royal Winnipeg Ballet]], and the [[Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra]].]]
Winnipeg's three largest performing arts venues, the [[Centennial Concert Hall]], [[Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre]] and the [[Pantages Playhouse Theatre]], are downtown. The Royal Manitoba is Canada's oldest English-language regional theatre, with over 250 performances yearly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtc.mb.ca/about.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628175017/http://www.mtc.mb.ca/about.aspx|archivedate=28 June 2008|title=About MTC|year=2010|publisher=Manitoba Theatre Centre|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> The Pantages Playhouse Theatre opened as a [[Vaudeville#Architecture|vaudeville house]] in 1913.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7397 |title=Historic Places |publisher=Parks Canada|accessdate=19 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521142800/http://historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7397 |archivedate=21 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other city theatres include the [[Burton Cummings Theatre]] (a National Historic Site of Canada built in 1906<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7747|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Parks Canada|title=Walker Theatre National Historic Site of Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309120514/http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7747|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>) and [[Prairie Theatre Exchange]]. [[Le Cercle Molière]], based in St Boniface, is Canada's oldest theatre company; it was founded in 1925.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cerclemoliere.com/la-compagnie|title=La Compagnie|year=2008|publisher=Cercle Molière|language=French|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305110221/http://cerclemoliere.com/la-compagnie|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rainbow Stage]] is a musical theatre production company based in [[Kildonan Park]] that produces professional, live Broadway musical shows and is Canada's longest-surviving outdoor theatre.<ref name=ce/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainbowstage.net/htmldocs/About.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822125049/http://www.rainbowstage.net/htmldocs/About.html|archivedate=22 August 2008|title=About Rainbow Stage|year=1993|publisher=Rainbow Stage|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Theatre for Young People]] at The Forks is one of only two Theatres for Young Audiences in Canada with a permanent residence and the only Theatre for Young Audiences that offers a full season of plays for teenagers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtyp.ca/|title=MTYP|publisher=Manitoba Theatre for Young People|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218162225/http://mtyp.ca/|archivedate=18 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Jewish Theatre]] is the only professional theatre in Canada dedicated to Jewish themes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wjt.ca/about.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325142859/http://www.wjt.ca/about.html|archivedate=25 March 2010|title=About Us|publisher=Winnipeg Jewish Theatre|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> [[Shakespeare in the Ruins]] (SIR) presents adaptations of [[Shakespeare]] plays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespeareintheruins.com/about-sir/|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Shakespeare in the Ruins|title=About|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305112224/http://www.shakespeareintheruins.com/about-sir/|archivedate=5 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Winnipeg has hosted numerous [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] productions: ''[[Shall We Dance? (2004 film)|Shall We Dance?]]'' (2004), ''[[Capote (film)|Capote]]'' (2005), ''[[The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford]]'' (2007), and ''[[A Dog's Purpose]]'' (2017), among others were filmed in the city.<ref>{{cite news|work=Metro|title=Five flicks filmed in Winnipeg|url=http://metronews.ca/features/high-five-winnipeg/354635/five-flicks-filmed-in-winnipeg/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309184850/http://metronews.ca/features/high-five-winnipeg/354635/five-flicks-filmed-in-winnipeg/|archivedate=9 March 2014|date=31 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Filmed-in-Winnipeg|newspaper=Winnipeg Sun|date=30 August 2016|url=https://winnipegsun.com/2016/08/30/filmed-in-winnipeg-a-dogs-purpose-has-plenty-of-puppy-love-star-power}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Film Group]] has produced numerous award-winning films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/film/prairie-visionaries-guy-maddin-and-the-winnipeg-film-group/why-winnipeg.html|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=CBC|title=Why make movies in Winnipeg?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316230333/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/film/prairie-visionaries-guy-maddin-and-the-winnipeg-film-group/why-winnipeg.html|archivedate=16 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> There are several TV and film production companies in Winnipeg: the most prominent are [[Farpoint Films]], [[Frantic Films]], [[Buffalo Gal Pictures]], and [[Les Productions Rivard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://getonsetmanitoba.ca/industry/awards/|accessdate=5 March 2014|title=Awards & Nominations|publisher=Get on Set Manitoba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309200803/http://getonsetmanitoba.ca/industry/awards/|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Guy Maddin's ''[[My Winnipeg]]'', an independent film released in 2008, is a comedic rumination on the city's history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/arts/tiff/features/tiffmaddin.html|title=Home truths|last=Gillmor|first=Alison|date=7 September 2007|publisher=CBC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318090717/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/tiff/features/tiffmaddin.html|archivedate=18 March 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG|thumb|Located in Winnipeg, the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]] is a [[national museums of Canada|national museum of Canada]].]]
The [[Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra]] is the largest and oldest professional musical ensemble in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504203455/http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp|archivedate=4 May 2008|title=More About the WSO|publisher=WSO|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Chamber Orchestra]] runs a series of chamber orchestral concerts each year.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitoba-chamber-orchestra-emc/|title=Manitoba Chamber Orchestra|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Music in Canada|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309200957/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitoba-chamber-orchestra-emc/|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Manitoba Opera]] is Manitoba's only full-time professional opera company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manitobaopera.mb.ca/about/index.html|title=Did You Know?|work=About Manitoba Opera|publisher=Manitoba Opera|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626184637/http://www.manitobaopera.mb.ca/about/index.html|archivedate=26 June 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Among the most notable musical acts associated with Winnipeg are [[Bachman–Turner Overdrive]],<ref name=juno/> [[The Guess Who]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manitobamusicmuseum.com/theguesswho.htm|accessdate=21 May 2014|title=The Guess Who|publisher=Manitoba Music Museum|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125075428/http://www.manitobamusicmuseum.com/theguesswho.htm|archivedate=25 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Neil Young]],<ref>{{cite news|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/neil-young-a-typical-winnipegger-240709051.html|author=Kives, Bartley|title=Neil Young a typical Winnipegger|date=17 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309201122/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/neil-young-a-typical-winnipegger-240709051.html|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Weakerthans]],<ref>{{cite web|title=City Still Breathing|work=Geist|url=https://www.geist.com/fact/essays/city-still-breathing-listening-weakerthans/|accessdate=5 January 2022}}</ref> the [[Crash Test Dummies]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crash-test-dummies/|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Crash Test Dummies|author=Bateman, Jeff|date=15 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523011200/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crash-test-dummies/|archivedate=23 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Propagandhi]],<ref>{{cite news|title=In-depth US podcast covers Winnipeg's Propagandhi|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/more-talk-less-rock-574596792.html|date=9 June 2021|author=Wasney, Eva}}</ref> [[Bif Naked]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Bif Naked remembers early days in Winnipeg|publisher=CBC|author=Gibson, Shane|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/bif-naked-red-river-ex-1.5177500|date=16 June 2019}}</ref> and [[The Watchmen (band)|The Watchmen]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Two members of the Watchmen reunite|publisher=CTV|url=https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/happy-surprise-two-members-of-the-watchmen-reunite-for-new-album-1.5406103|author=Rosen, Kayla|date=28 April 2021}}</ref> among many others.<ref name=juno>{{cite web|url=http://junoawards.ca/press/2014-juno-awards/|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=CARAS|title=2014 JUNO Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304193444/http://junoawards.ca/press/2014-juno-awards/|archivedate=4 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Winnipeg also has a significant place in Canadian jazz history, being the location of Canada's first jazz concert in 1914 at the [[Pantages Playhouse Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Such Melodious Racket|work=Quill and Quire|url=https://quillandquire.com/review/such-melodious-racket-the-lost-history-of-jazz-in-canada-1914-1949/|author=Mason, Roger|accessdate=5 January 2021}}</ref>
The [[Royal Winnipeg Ballet]] (RWB) is Canada's oldest [[ballet company]] and the longest continuously operating ballet company in North America. It was the first organization to be granted a [[royal charter|royal title]] by [[Queen Elizabeth II]], and has included notable dancers such as [[Evelyn Hart]] and [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]]. The RWB also runs a full-time classical dance school.<ref name="rwb">{{cite web|url=http://www.rwb.org/history|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729205146/http://www.rwb.org/history|archivedate=29 July 2010|title=History|publisher=Royal Winnipeg Ballet|accessdate=28 December 2009}}</ref>
The [[Manitoba Museum]], the city's largest museum, depicts the history of the city and province. The full-size replica of the ship [[Nonsuch (1650 ship)|''Nonsuch'']] is the museum's showcase piece.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manitobamuseum.ca/main/museum/|title=Museum Info|publisher=Manitoba Museum|accessdate=7 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307152729/http://www.manitobamuseum.ca/main/museum/|archivedate=7 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Children's Museum]] is a nonprofit [[children's museum]] at The Forks that features twelve permanent galleries.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Children's Museum|url=http://childrensmuseum.com/about-us/history|publisher=Manitoba Children's Museum|accessdate=6 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826140904/http://childrensmuseum.com/about-us/history|archivedate=26 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Children's Museum Now Open to the Public|url=http://childrensmuseum.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Media_Release.Jun_.05.11.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201015523/http://childrensmuseum.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Media_Release.Jun_.05.11.pdf|archivedate=1 December 2011|publisher=Manitoba Children's Museum|accessdate=5 March 2014|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> The [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]] is the only Canadian [[national museum]] for human rights and the only national museum west of Ottawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum/construction-faq|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628033558/http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum/construction-faq|archivedate=28 June 2010|title=Construction FAQ|year=2010|publisher=Canadian Museum for Human Rights|accessdate=4 July 2010}}</ref> The federal government contributed $100 million towards the estimated $311-million project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.friendsofcmhr.com|title=Friends of Canadian Museum For Human Rights|publisher=The Friends of Canadian Museum For Human Rights|accessdate=4 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209055023/http://www.friendsofcmhr.com/|archivedate=9 February 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Construction of the museum began on 1 April 2008,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/breakingnews/Rights-museum-build-begins-April-1-39320602.html|title=Rights museum build begins April 1|work=Winnipeg Free Press|date=9 February 2009|author=McNeill, Murray|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413021422/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/breakingnews/Rights-museum-build-begins-April-1-39320602.html|archivedate=13 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> and the museum opened to the public 27 September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Canadian Museum for Human Rights|title="Canada's new national museum opens, devoted entirely to human rights", press release|url=https://humanrights.ca/about-museum/news/canadas-new-national-museum-opens-devoted-entirely-human-rights|accessdate=12 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110224719/https://humanrights.ca/about-museum/news/canadas-new-national-museum-opens-devoted-entirely-human-rights|archivedate=10 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]], in a hangar at Winnipeg's [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|James Richardson International Airport]], features military jets, commercial aircraft, Canada's first helicopter, the "flying saucer" [[Avrocar]], flight simulators, and a [[Black Brant (rocket)|Black Brant]] rocket built in Manitoba by [[Bristol Aerospace]].<ref name="McCaffery2000">{{cite book|author=McCaffery, Dan|title=Canada's Warplanes: Unique Aircraft in Canada's Aviation Museums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwZkh0HBC7YC&pg=PA3|year=2000|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=978-1-55028-699-1|page=3}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Railway Museum]] at Via Rail Station has a variety of locomotives, notably the ''[[Countess of Dufferin]]'', the first [[steam locomotive]] in Western Canada.<ref name=" The Winnipeg Railway Museum ">{{cite web|url=http://www.wpgrailwaymuseum.com/locomotives.html|publisher=The Winnipeg Railway Museum|title=The Winnipeg Railway Museum locomotives|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603200041/http://www.wpgrailwaymuseum.com/locomotives.html|archivedate=3 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Festivals===
{{See also|List of festivals in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Korean Pavilion.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The Korean Pavilion during [[Folklorama]].]]
[[Festival du Voyageur]], Western Canada's largest winter festival, celebrates the early French explorers of the Red River Valley.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://festivalvoyageur.mb.ca/fdv-inc-fr/a-propos/historique/|title=Historique|publisher=Festival du Voyageur|language=French|accessdate=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305115934/http://festivalvoyageur.mb.ca/fdv-inc-fr/a-propos/historique/|archivedate=5 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Folklorama]] is the largest and longest-running cultural celebration festival in the world.<ref name="folklorama1">{{cite web|url=http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53#24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811070804/http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53#24|archivedate=11 August 2010|title=FAQs|publisher=Folklorama|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> The [[Jazz Winnipeg Festival]] and the [[Winnipeg Folk Festival]] both celebrate Winnipeg's music community. The Winnipeg Music Festival offers a competition venue to amateur musicians. The [[Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival]] is the second-largest [[alternative theatre]] festival in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-fringe-festival-breaks-attendance-record-1.701117|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729043158/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-fringe-festival-breaks-attendance-record-1.701117|archivedate=29 July 2008 |title=Winnipeg Fringe Festival breaks attendance record|publisher=CBC | date=28 July 2008}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg International Writers Festival]] (also called THIN AIR) brings writers to Winnipeg for workshops and readings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creativemanitoba.ca/membership/past-featured-members/display,601/18/thin-air|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=ACI Manitoba|title=THIN AIR|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309183654/http://www.creativemanitoba.ca/membership/past-featured-members/display,601/18/thin-air|archivedate=9 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[LGBT]] community in the city is served by [[Pride Winnipeg]], an annual [[gay pride]] festival and parade, and [[Reel Pride]], a [[film festival]] of LGBT-themed films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outwords.ca/content/secret-lives-volunteers|date=April 2011|title=The secret lives of volunteers|work=Outwords|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309185258/http://www.outwords.ca/content/secret-lives-volunteers|archivedate=9 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
===Sports===
{{Main|Sport in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has been home to several professional [[ice hockey|hockey]] teams. The [[Winnipeg Jets]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) have called the city home since 2011.<ref>{{cite book|last=Buma|first=Michael|title=Refereeing identity: the cultural work of Canadian hockey novels|year=2012|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-3987-7|pages=284–285}}</ref> The original [[Winnipeg Jets (1972-96)|Winnipeg Jets]], the city's former NHL team, left for [[Phoenix, Arizona]] after the 1995–96 season due to mounting financial troubles, despite a campaign effort to "Save the Jets".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/topics/1639-11352/|title=Hockey Flight in Canada|publisher=CBC|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602105409/http://archives.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/topics/1639-11352/|archivedate=2 June 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The Jets play at [[Canada Life Centre]], which is ranked the world's 19th-busiest arena among non-sporting touring events, 13th-busiest among facilities in North America, and 3rd-busiest in Canada as of 2009.<ref>{{cite news|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/mts_centre_19th-busiest_showbiz_venue_in_world38266214.html|date=24 January 2009|title=MTS Centre 19th-busiest showbiz venue in the world|author=Maclean, Cameron|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021154151/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/mts_centre_19th-busiest_showbiz_venue_in_world38266214.html|archivedate=21 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|[[Canada Life Centre]] is an indoor arena in downtown Winnipeg. It is the home arena of the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]'s [[Winnipeg Jets]] and the [[American Hockey League|AHL]]'s [[Manitoba Moose]].]]
Past hockey teams based in Winnipeg include the [[Winnipeg Maroons]], [[Winnipeg Warriors]], three time Stanley Cup Champion [[Winnipeg Victorias]] and the [[Winnipeg Falcons]], who were the first ever Gold Medal Olympians, representing Canada in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. Another professional ice hockey team in Winnipeg is the [[Manitoba Moose]], the American Hockey League primary affiliate of the Winnipeg Jets that are owned by the same group .<ref>{{cite book|editor=Welsted, John|title=The geography of Manitoba: its land and its people|year=1996|publisher=University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-375-2|page=307}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/18/work-finally-getting-underway-on-old-arena-site|title=Work finally getting underway on old arena site|date=18 October 2011|work=Winnipeg Sun|author=Romaniuk, Ross|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518143713/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/18/work-finally-getting-underway-on-old-arena-site|archivedate=18 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On the international stage, Winnipeg has hosted national and world hockey championships on a number of occasions, most notably the [[1999 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships|1999 World Junior Hockey Championship]] and [[2007 IIHF Women's World Championship|2007 Women's World Hockey Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Men/Junior/1999/Home|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Hockey Canada|title=1999 IIHF World Junior Championship|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305085626/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Men/Junior/1999/Home|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Women/World-Championship/2007/Home|title=2007 IIHF Women's World Championship|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Hockey Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305084348/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Women/World-Championship/2007/Home|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, the [[Western Hockey League]] returned to Winnipeg after a long absence with the [[Kootenay Ice]] relocating as the [[Winnipeg Ice]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kootenay-ice-whl-winnipeg-1.5001571|publisher=CBC News|agency=Canadian Press|date=1 February 2019|title=Winnipeg Ice ownership optimistic about bringing WHL back to Manitoba capital}}</ref>
The [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] play in the [[Canadian Football League]]. They are twelve-time [[Grey Cup]] champions, their last championship in 2021.<ref name=gc>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluebombers.com/page/grey_cups|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320053941/http://www.bluebombers.com/page/grey_cups|archivedate=20 March 2014|accessdate=5 March 2014|title=Grey Cups|publisher=Winnipeg Blue Bombers}}</ref> From 1953 to 2012, the Blue Bombers called [[Canad Inns Stadium]] home; they have since moved to [[IG Field]]. Due to construction delays and cost overruns, the stadium was not ready for the 2012 CFL season, instead opening in 2013. The $200-million facility is also the home to [[U Sports football|U Sports']] University of Manitoba Bisons and the [[Winnipeg Rifles]] of the [[Canadian Junior Football League]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2013/06/28/bombers-greats-called-out-for-opening-ceremonies-at-investors-group-field|work=Winnipeg Sun|author=Penton, Kirk|date=28 June 2013|title=Bombers greats called out for opening ceremonies at Investors Group Field|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112132700/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2013/06/28/bombers-greats-called-out-for-opening-ceremonies-at-investors-group-field|archivedate=12 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/football/marsch-finds-comfort-zone-with-rifles-220776691.html|title=Marsch finds comfort zone with Rifles|author=Jahns, Kyle|date=23 August 2013|work=Winnipeg Free Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305084136/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/football/marsch-finds-comfort-zone-with-rifles-220776691.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
The University of Manitoba [[Manitoba Bisons|Bisons]] and the University of Winnipeg [[Winnipeg Wesmen|Wesmen]] represent the city in [[U Sports|university-level sports]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/amateur/bisons-wesmen-get-their-mojo-back-138550984.html|author=Prest, Ashley|date=2 February 2012|work=Winnipeg Free Press|title=Bisons, Wesmen get their mojo back|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305081817/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/amateur/bisons-wesmen-get-their-mojo-back-138550984.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In soccer, it is represented by both [[Valour FC]] in the new [[Canadian Premier League]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4209973/wininpeg-soccer-executive-hopes-new-club-will-score-with-local-youth/ |title=Winnipeg soccer executive hopes new club will score with local youth |website= Globalnews.ca |accessdate=2 June 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610151522/https://globalnews.ca/news/4209973/wininpeg-soccer-executive-hopes-new-club-will-score-with-local-youth/ |archivedate=10 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[WSA Winnipeg]] in the [[USL League Two]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/other/new-soccer-squad-in-town-122645338.html|author=Prest, Ashley|date=26 May 2011|work=Winnipeg Free Press|title=New soccer squad in town|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305082807/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/other/new-soccer-squad-in-town-122645338.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Winnipeg has been home to several professional baseball teams, most recently the [[Winnipeg Goldeyes]] since 1994. The Goldeyes play at [[Shaw Park]], which was completed in 1999. The team had led the [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|Northern League]] for ten straight years in average attendance through 2010, with more than 300,000 annual fan visits, until the league collapsed and merged into the [[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldeyes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=34|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711104903/http://www.goldeyes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=34|archivedate=11 July 2011|title=Winnipeg Goldeyes History|publisher=Winnipeg Goldeyes|accessdate=15 July 2010}}</ref>
Winnipeg was the first Canadian city to host the [[Pan American Games]], and the second city to host the event twice, in [[1967 Pan American Games|1967]] and again in [[1999 Pan American Games|1999]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pan-american-games/|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Pan American Games|author=Redmond, Gerald|date=6 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311010246/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pan-american-games/|archivedate=11 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Pan Am Pool]], built for the 1967 Pan Am Games, hosts aquatic events, including [[Diving (sport)|diving]], [[Swimming (sport)|speed swimming]], [[synchronized swimming]] and [[water polo]].<ref name="indoor pools">{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/cms/recreation/facilities/pools/indoor_pools/pan_am.stm|author=City of Winnipeg|title=Pan Am Pool|accessdate=21 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730013010/http://www.winnipeg.ca/cms/recreation/facilities/pools/indoor_pools/pan_am.stm|archivedate=30 July 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Winnipeg co-hosted the [[2015 FIFA Women's World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |author =Tait, Ed |title =Winnipeg to host FIFA Women's World Cup |work =Winnipeg Free Press |date =5 May 2012 |url =http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/soccer/Winnipeg-to-host-FIFA-Womens-World-Cup-150207165.html |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20121208160422/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/soccer/Winnipeg-to-host-FIFA-Womens-World-Cup-150207165.html |archivedate =8 December 2012 |url-status =live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Professional sports teams
|-
! Club
! Sport
! League
! Venue
! Established
! Championships
|-
| [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]
| [[Canadian football|Football]]
| [[Canadian Football League|CFL]]
| [[Osborne Stadium]] (1935–1952)<br />[[Winnipeg Stadium]] (1953–2012)<br />[[IG Field]] (2013–present)
| style="text-align:center;" | 1930
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
|-
| [[Winnipeg Jets]]
| [[Ice hockey]]
| [[World Hockey Association|WHA]], [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| [[Winnipeg Arena]] (1972–1996)<br />[[Canada Life Centre]] (2011–present)
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Winnipeg Jets (1972–96)|Original]]: 1972–1996<br />[[Winnipeg Jets|Current]]: 2011
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 (WHA Avco Cup)<br /> 0
|-
| [[Valour FC]]
| [[Soccer]]
| [[Canadian Premier League|CPL]]
| [[IG Field]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2018
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
| [[Winnipeg Goldeyes]]
| [[Baseball]]
| [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|Northern League]] (1994–2010)<br />[[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball|American Association]] (2011–present)
| [[Shaw Park]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1994
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
| [[Manitoba Moose]]
| Ice hockey
| [[International Hockey League (1945–2001)|IHL]] (1996–2001)<br />[[American Hockey League|AHL]] (2001–2011, 2015–present)
| [[Winnipeg Arena]] (1996–2004)<br />[[Canada Life Centre]] (2004–2011, 2015–present)
| style="text-align:center;" | 1996–2011, 2015–present
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
|}
==Local media==
[[File:Cbcwinnipeg building2010.png|thumb|right|[[CBWT-DT|CBC Manitoba]] is one of five English-language television broadcasters in Winnipeg and [[CBWFT-DT|ICI Manitoba]] is the French-language station.]]
{{Main|Media in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has two daily newspapers: the ''[[Winnipeg Free Press]]'' and the ''[[Winnipeg Sun]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/free-press-rules-latest-readership-survey-228889651.html|date=23 October 2013|work=Winnipeg Free Press|title=Free Press rules latest readership survey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305105543/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/free-press-rules-latest-readership-survey-228889651.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> There are also several ethnic weekly newspapers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107093413/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html|archivedate=7 January 2008|title=Canadian Ethnic Newspapers Currently Received|publisher=Collections Canada|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>
Radio broadcasting in Winnipeg began in 1922;<ref name=MOIR15>{{cite book|first=Garry |last=Moir|title=On the Air: the golden age of Manitoba radio|publisher=Great Plains Publications|year= 2015|isbn=978-1-927855-26-3|pages=16–17}}</ref> by 1923, government-owned [[CBW (AM)#History|CKY]] held a monopoly position that lasted until after the Second World War. Winnipeg is home to 33 AM and FM radio stations, two of which are [[French language|French-language]] stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tunein.com/radio/Winnipeg-r100595/|title=Winnipeg Radio Stations|publisher=tunein|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327015014/http://tunein.com/radio/Winnipeg-r100595/|archivedate=27 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[CBC Radio One]] and [[CBC Radio 2]] broadcast local and national programming in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/facilities/mb/|title=Manitoba|publisher=CBC|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114095051/http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/facilities/mb/|archivedate=14 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Native Communications Inc|NCI]] is devoted to Indigenous programming.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncifm.com/about-us/|accessdate=5 March 2014|title=About us|publisher=NCI|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305094344/http://www.ncifm.com/about-us/|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Television broadcasting in Winnipeg started in 1954. The federal government refused to license any private broadcaster until the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] had created a national network. In May 1954, [[CBWT]] went on the air with four hours of broadcasting per day.<ref name="A History v 1995">{{cite book|title=Manitoba 125 – A History|volume=3|editor=Shilliday, Greg|publisher=Great Plains Publications|year=1995|isbn=0-9697804-1-9}}</ref> There are now five English-language stations and one French-language station based in Winnipeg. Additionally, some American network affiliates are available over-the-air.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/01/f-digital-tv-transition.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129120724/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/01/f-digital-tv-transition.html|archivedate=29 January 2013|title=Canadian over-the-air TV following U.S. down digital path|last=Bowman|first=John|date=12 June 2009|publisher=CBC}}</ref>
==Law and government==
{{Main|Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Winnipeg's City Hall building.JPG|thumb|Winnipeg City Hall is the [[Winnipeg City Council|seat of municipal government]].]]
Since 1992, the city of Winnipeg has been represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor, both elected every four years.<ref name="munic">{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm|title=City Government|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225130848/http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm|archivedate=25 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The present mayor, [[Brian Bowman (politician)|Brian Bowman]], was first elected to office in 2014.<ref name=ce/> The city is a single-tier municipality, governed by a [[Mayor-council government|mayor-council system]].<ref name=ce/> The structure of the municipal government is set by the provincial legislature in the City of Winnipeg Charter Act, which replaced the old [[City of Winnipeg Act]] in 2003.<ref name="charter">[http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php The City of Winnipeg Charter Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416205310/http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php |date=16 April 2009 }}. S.M. 2002, c. 39. Bill 39, 3rd Session, 37th Legislature. Manitoba Laws.</ref> The mayor is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the [[Head of government|chief executive]] of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106030104/http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm|archivedate=6 January 2010|title=Election Services|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> At Council meetings, the mayor has one of 16 votes. The City Council is a [[unicameralism|unicameral]] legislative body, representing geographical [[ward (division)|wards]] throughout the city.<ref name="charter"/>
In provincial politics, Winnipeg is represented by 32 of the 57 provincial [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLAs). As of 2019, Winnipeg districts are represented by 15 members of the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative Party]], 14 by the [[New Democratic Party of Manitoba|New Democratic Party]] (NDP), and 3 by the [[Manitoba Liberal Party|Liberal Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/members/mla_list_constituency.html|accessdate=2 April 2021|publisher=Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|title=Alphabetical list by constituency}}</ref>
[[File:Lesislaturemb.jpg|thumb|left|Winnipeg is home to the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]], which houses the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]].]]
In federal politics, as of 2019 Winnipeg is represented by eight [[House of Commons of Canada|Members of Parliament]]: four [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberals]], two [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]] and two [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democrat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/constituencies?province=MB|title=Current constituencies|publisher=Canadian Parliament|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> There are five [[Senate of Canada|Senators]] representing Manitoba in [[Ottawa]] (plus one seat vacant as of April 2021).<ref name="senate">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/SenatorsMembers/Senate/SenatorsBiography/isenator.asp?Language=E&sortord=P|title=Senators by province|accessdate=2 April 2021|publisher=Canadian Parliament}}</ref>
===Crime===
{{Main|Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg}}
From 2007 to 2011, Winnipeg was the "murder capital" of Canada, with the highest per-capita rate of [[homicide]]s; as of 2019 it is in second place, behind [[Thunder Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/manitoba-murder-capital-of-canada-for-fifth-year-in-a-row-1.890828|publisher=CTV|date=24 July 2012|title=Manitoba murder capital of Canada for fifth year in a row|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728224428/http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/manitoba-murder-capital-of-canada-for-fifth-year-in-a-row-1.890828|archivedate=28 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510007101&pickMembers%5B0%5D=2.2&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2015&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2019&referencePeriods=20150101%2C20190101|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Number and rate of homicide victims, by Census Metropolitan Areas|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> {{As of|2019}} Winnipeg had the 13-highest [[Crime in Canada#Violent crime severity index by CMA|violent crime index]] in Canada, and the highest robbery rate.<ref>{{cite news|work=Macleans|title=Canada's Most Dangerous Places 2020|url=https://www.macleans.ca/canadas-most-dangerous-places-2020/|date=19 November 2019}}</ref> Despite high overall violent crime rates, crime in Winnipeg is mostly concentrated in the inner city, which makes up only 19% of the population<ref>{{cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf |title=Inner City |publisher=City of Winnipeg |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052512/http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> but was the site of 86.4% of the city's shootings, 66.5% of the robberies, 63.3% of the homicides and 59.5% of the sexual assaults in 2012.<ref name="CrimeStat">{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/crimestat/|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=CrimStat|accessdate=28 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407133918/http://www.winnipeg.ca/CrimeStat/|archivedate=7 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
From the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, Winnipeg had a significant auto-theft problem, with the rate peaking at 2,165.0 per 100,000 residents in 2006<ref name="Every Annual Crime Report">{{cite web|title=Every Annual Crime Report|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm|accessdate=28 November 2013|publisher=Winnipeg Police Service|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101230434/http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm|archivedate=1 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> compared to 487 auto-thefts per 100,000 residents for Canada as a whole.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crimes Rates in Canada 2006|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007005-eng.pdf|date=28 November 2013|publisher=Statistics Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623064340/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007005-eng.pdf|archivedate=23 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> To combat auto theft, [[Manitoba Public Insurance]] established financial incentives for motor vehicle owners to install ignition [[immobilizer]]s in their vehicles, and now requires owners of high-risk vehicles to install immobilizers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225142834/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771|archivedate=25 February 2008|title=Immobilizers to be mandatory on high-risk used cars in Manitoba|date=23 August 2006|publisher=CBC}}</ref> These initiatives resulted in an 80% decrease in auto thefts between 2006 and 2011.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Auto Theft in Winnipeg, Manitoba|last=Linden|first=Rick|title=Problem-Oriented Policing|year=2020|pages=266–278|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780429457357-29|isbn=9780429457357|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429457357-29/auto-theft-winnipeg-manitoba-1-rick-linden}}</ref>
As of 2018, the [[Winnipeg Police Service]] had 1,914 police officers, which is one officer per 551 city residents, and cost taxpayers $290,564,015.<ref name="2018Report">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=2018 Annual Statistical Report|url=https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/2018/2018_wps_annual_report_english.pdf|accessdate=2020-06-16|publisher=Winnipeg Police Service}}</ref> In November 2013, the national police union reviewed the Winnipeg Police Force and found high average response times for several categories of calls.<ref>{{cite web |last=Santin |first=Aldo |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html |title=Police help on way ... in 77 minutes |work=Winnipeg Free Press |date=8 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111145108/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html |archivedate=11 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006|title=Winnipeg police slow on domestic violence calls, report says|publisher=CBC|date=8 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080145/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006|archivedate=10 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the city started to deal with an increasingly large [[methamphetamine]] problem, fuelling violent crime.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coubrough |first1=Jill |title=Winnipeg: A city wide awake on crystal meth |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-a-city-wide-awake-on-crystal-meth-1.4357577 |publisher=CBC|date=22 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Malone |first1=Kelly Geraldine |title=Winnipeg mayor talks meth crisis, safety during meeting with Trudeau |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/01/20/winnipeg-mayor-talks-meth-crisis-safety-during-meeting-with-trudeau.html |agency=The Canadian Press |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=20 January 2020}}</ref>
==Education==
{{See also|List of schools of Winnipeg}}
[[File:UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg|thumb|Located in Winnipeg, the [[University of Manitoba]] is the largest post-secondary institution in the province.]]
Winnipeg has seven [[school division]]s: [[Winnipeg School Division]], [[St. James-Assiniboia School Division]], [[Pembina Trails School Division]], [[Seven Oaks School Division]], [[Franco-manitoban School Division|Division Scolaire Franco-Manitobaine]], [[River East Transcona School Division]], and [[Louis Riel School Division]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/schooldivmap.html|title=Manitoba School Divisions and Districts|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413022129/http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/schooldivmap.html|archivedate=13 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Winnipeg also has several religious and secular private schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/funded/index.html|title=Funded Independent Schools|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=10 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331145435/http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/funded/index.html|archivedate=31 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/non_fund_ind.html|title=Non-Funded Independent Schools|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61Fpvm4AD?url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/non_fund_ind.html|archivedate=27 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[University of Manitoba]] is the largest university in Manitoba.<ref name=um>{{cite web|url=http://umanitoba.ca/about/numbers_notes/|title=Quick Facts|publisher=University of Manitoba|accessdate=17 July 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605000606/http://umanitoba.ca/about/numbers_notes/|archivedate=5 June 2009}}</ref> It was founded in 1877, making it Western Canada's first university.<ref name=um/> In a typical year, the university has 26,500 undergraduate students and 3,800 graduate students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://umanitoba.ca/about/quick_facts/by_the_numbers.html|title=By the numbers|publisher=University of Manitoba|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> [[Université de Saint-Boniface]] is the city's only [[French-language]] university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/|title=Université de Saint-Boniface|publisher=Université de Saint-Boniface|accessdate=27 February 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103165904/http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/|archivedate=3 January 2014}}</ref> The [[University of Winnipeg]] received its charter in 1967.<ref name=uw>{{cite web|url=http://uwinnipeg.ca/index/future-about-history|title=The History of the University of Winnipeg|date=21 February 2006|publisher=University of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901101238/http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/index/future-about-history|archivedate=1 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Until 2007, it was an [[undergraduate education|undergraduate]] institution that offered some joint graduate studies programs; it now offers independent [[graduate school|graduate programs]].<ref name=uw/> The [[Canadian Mennonite University]] is a private [[Mennonite]] undergraduate university established in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmu.ca/about.php?s=cmu&p=mission|title=About CMU|publisher=Canadian Mennonite University|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428094233/http://www.cmu.ca/about.php?s=cmu&p=mission|archivedate=28 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Winnipeg also has two independent colleges: [[Red River College Polytechnic]] and [[Booth University College]]. Red River College offers diploma, certificate, and apprenticeship programs and, starting in 2009, began offering some degree programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rrc.mb.ca/files/file/researchplan/annual/20092010AcademicAnnRptcolourforWeb_FINAL_Feb242011.pdf|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Red River College|title=Academic Annual Report|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305093843/http://www.rrc.mb.ca/files/file/researchplan/annual/20092010AcademicAnnRptcolourforWeb_FINAL_Feb242011.pdf|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Booth University College is a private Christian [[Salvation Army]] university college established in 1982. It offers mostly arts and [[seminary]] training.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boothuc.ca/about/|accessdate=28 April 2018|publisher=Booth University College|title=Our Story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428104138/https://www.boothuc.ca/about/|archivedate=28 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boothuc.ca/academics|title=Academics|publisher=Booth University College|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122152105/https://www.boothuc.ca/academics/|archivedate=22 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{Main|Transport in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has had public transit since 1882, starting with [[horsecar|horse-drawn streetcars]].<ref name="horse">{{cite journal|last=Bradley|first=Walter|date=1958–1959|title=A History of Transportation in Winnipeg|journal=MHS Transactions |series=Third Series|issue=15|url=http://mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/transportation.shtml}}</ref> They were replaced by [[electric tram|electric trolley cars]]. The trolley cars ran from 1892 to 1955, supplemented by motor [[bus]]es after 1918, and electric [[trolleybus]]es from 1938 to 1970.<ref name="horse"/> [[Winnipeg Transit]] now runs diesel buses on [[List of Winnipeg bus routes|its routes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myride.winnipegtransit.com/en/inside-transit/interestingtransitfacts/|title=Interesting Transit Facts|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310023357/http://winnipegtransit.com/en/about-us/interestingtransitfacts|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Union Station Winnipeg - Main St entrance.jpg|thumb|left|[[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Union Station]] is the [[intercity rail|inter-city]] [[railway station]] for the city.]]
Winnipeg is a railway hub and is served by [[Via Rail]] at [[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Union Station]] for passenger rail, and [[Canadian National Railway]], [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba]], and the [[Central Manitoba Railway]] for [[Rail freight transport|freight rail]]. It is the only major city between Vancouver and [[Thunder Bay]] with direct US connections by rail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827123009/http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf|archivedate=27 August 2010|title=Rail transportation|publisher=Destination Winnipeg|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>
Winnipeg is the largest and best connected city within Manitoba, and has highways leading in all directions from the city. To the south, Winnipeg is connected to the United States via [[Manitoba Highway 75|Provincial Trunk Highway 75 (PTH 75)]] (a continuation of [[Interstate 29|I-29]] and [[U.S. Route 75|US 75]], known as Pembina Highway or [[Winnipeg Route 42|Route 42]] within Winnipeg). The highway runs {{convert|107|km|abbr=on}} to [[Emerson, Manitoba]], and is the busiest [[Canada–United States border]] crossing on the Prairies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html |title = North American Inland Ports |publisher = NAIPN |accessdate=24 February 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061121153421/http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html |archivedate = 21 November 2006}}</ref> The four-lane [[Perimeter Highway (Winnipeg)|Perimeter Highway]], built in 1969, serves as a [[beltway|Ring Road]], with [[at-grade intersection]]s and a few [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s. It allows travellers on the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] to bypass the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design|format=PDF|title=Winnipeg's perimeter highway: "Disaster by design"|publisher=FCPP|accessdate=8 November 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310213006/http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design|archivedate=10 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Trans-Canada Highway]] runs east to west through the city (city route), or circles around the city on the Perimeter Highway (beltway). Some of the city's major arterial roads include [[Winnipeg Route 80|Route 80 (Waverley St.)]], [[Winnipeg Route 155|Route 155 (McGillivray Blvd)]], [[Winnipeg Route 165|Route 165 (Bishop Grandin Blvd.)]], [[Winnipeg Route 17|Route 17 (Chief Peguis Trail)]], and [[Winnipeg Route 90|Route 90 (Brookside Blvd., Oak Point Hwy., King Edward St., Century St., Kenaston Blvd.)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TMPConsultationPanels.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120201710/http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TMPConsultationPanels.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=20 January 2012|date=2 November 2011|title=Winnipeg Transportation Master Plan|publisher=City of Winnipeg}}</ref>
[[File:Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg|thumb|[[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] is the only commercial [[international airport]] in the province.]]
The [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] completed a $585-million redevelopment in October 2011. The development brought a new terminal, a four-level parking facility, and other infrastructure improvements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff|work=Winnipeg Sun|author=Halstead, Jason|date=28 October 2011|title=Winnipeg's James A. Richardson International Airport ready for takeoff|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121214342/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff|archivedate=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Winnipeg Bus Terminal]], at Winnipeg International Airport, previously served by [[Greyhound Canada]] (through its subsidiary [[Grey Goose Bus Lines]]), Winnipeg Shuttle Service and Brandon Air Shuttle. Since Greyhound's exit from Western Canada, very few remaining routes still serve the terminal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183|title=Greyhound Canada plans move into new Winnipeg facility|date=9 June 2008|work=Daily Commercial News|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708221529/http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183|archivedate=8 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Approximately {{convert|20000|acre|abbr=on|order=flip}} of land to the north and west of the airport has been designated as an [[inland port]], [[CentrePort Canada]], and is Canada's first [[Foreign Trade Zone]]. It is a private sector initiative to develop the infrastructure for Manitoba's trucking, air, rail and sea industries.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html|title = CentrePort Canada |publisher=CentrePort Canada Inc|accessdate=4 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628065308/http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html |archivedate=28 June 2010}}</ref> In 2009, construction began on a $212-million four-lane freeway to connect CentrePort with the Perimeter Highway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html|title=Inland port's potential touted|work=Winnipeg Free Press|author=Cash, Martin|date=8 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215113200/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html|archivedate=15 December 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Named CentrePort Canada Way, it opened in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cash|first=Martin|date=22 November 2013|title=PM Harper officially opens CentrePort Canada Way highway|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105063859/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html|archivedate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
Several taxi companies serve Winnipeg, the largest being Unicity, Duffy's Taxi and Spring Taxi. Ride sharing was legalized in March 2018 and several services including TappCar and Cowboy Taxi operate in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921|publisher=CBC|title=Two rides and a missing cowboy: CBC tries out new ride-hailing apps|date=2 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724191325/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921|archivedate=24 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Cycling is popular in Winnipeg, and there are many bicycle trails and lanes around the city. Winnipeg holds an annual [[Bike-to-Work Day]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike+to+work+day+hits+winnipeg+streets/6442666475/story.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050235/http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike%2Bto%2Bwork%2Bday%2Bhits%2Bwinnipeg%2Bstreets/6442666475/story.html |archivedate=20 January 2013 |title=Bike to Work Day hits Winnipeg streets |publisher=Global Winnipeg |date=22 June 2012 |author=Batchelor, Megan |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Cyclovia]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Kives |first=Bartley |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html |title=Cyclovia coming to downtown |work=Winnipeg Free Press |date=21 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303060119/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html |archivedate=3 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and bicycle commuters may be seen year-round, even in the winter. Active living infrastructure in Winnipeg includes [[bike lanes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm|title=Bike Lanes|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=30 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050306/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Shared lane marking|sharrows]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm|title=Sharrows Usage Guidelines|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=30 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050356/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Medical centres and hospitals===
{{See also|List of hospitals in Manitoba}}
Winnipeg's major hospitals include [[Health Sciences Centre (Winnipeg)|Health Sciences Centre]], [[Concordia Hospital]], [[Deer Lodge Centre]], [[Grace Hospital (Winnipeg)|Grace Hospital]], [[St. Boniface General Hospital (Winnipeg)|Saint Boniface General Hospital]], [[Seven Oaks General Hospital]], [[Victoria General Hospital (Winnipeg)|Victoria General Hospital]], and [[The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php|title=WRHA Hospitals & Facilities|publisher=Winnipeg Regional Health Authority|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503071113/http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php|archivedate=3 May 2009}}</ref>
The [[National Microbiology Laboratory]] in Winnipeg is one of only a handful of [[biosafety level]] 4 microbiology laboratories in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm|title=NML Overview|publisher=Public Health Agency of Canada|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612232528/http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm|archivedate=12 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The NML houses laboratories of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease collocated in the same facility. Research facilities are also operated through hospitals and private biotechnology companies in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Economic Development Winnipeg|title=Winnipeg Life Sciences|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022557/http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf|archivedate=3 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/|publisher=Manitoba Health Research Council|title=Working together|accessdate=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629213042/http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/|archivedate=29 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
===Utilities===
Water and sewage services are provided by the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water and Waste Department|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228173928/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/|archivedate=28 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city draws its water via an [[Greater Winnipeg Water District Aqueduct|aqueduct]] from [[Shoal Lake (Kenora District, Ontario)|Shoal Lake]], treating and [[water fluoridation|fluoridating]] it at the Deacon Reservoir just outside the city prior to pumping it into the Winnipeg system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water treatment program|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075800/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city's system has over {{convert|2500|km|abbr=on}} of underground water mains, which are subject to breakage during extreme weather conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water main breaks|accessdate=3 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303080332/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Electricity]] and [[natural gas]] are provided by [[Manitoba Hydro]], a provincial [[crown corporation]] headquartered in the city; it uses primarily [[hydroelectric]] power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Manitoba Hydro|title=About Us|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075516/https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The primary telecommunications carrier is [[Bell MTS]], although other corporations offer telephone, cellular, television and internet services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bce-buys-manitoba-telecom-1.3561982|publisher=CBC News|title=BCE to buy Manitoba Telecom in friendly deal work $3.9B|last=Evans|first=Pete|date=2 May 2016}}</ref>
Winnipeg contracts out several services to private companies, including garbage and recycling collection and street plowing and snow removal. This practice represents a significant budget expenditure. The services have faced numerous complaints from residents about missed service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipegsun.com/2016/10/12/epc-approves-new-garbage-contracts|newspaper=Winnipeg Sun|title=EPC approves new garbage contracts|last=Pursaga|first=Joyanne|date=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fcpp.org/2017/11/30/winnipeg-must-scrap-recycling-rfp/|publisher=Frontier Centre for Public Policy|title=Winnipeg Should Scrap Recycling RFP|last=Harding|first=Lee|date=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/city-could-save-3m-if-public-employees-removed-snow-cupe-1.3286005|publisher=CBC News|date=23 October 2015|title=City could save $3M if public employees removed snow: CUPE}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.winnipeg.ca/enwiki/w/58m2-dsq9/_variation_?cur=oEgt4p1Hh0O&from=root|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Visualized 311 Service Requests|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref>
==Military==
{{See also|CFB Winnipeg}}
[[File:CFB Winnipeg 17 Wing sign.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Entrance to [[CFB Winnipeg]]. CFB Winnipeg is the home garrison for a number of [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] units.]]
[[CFB Winnipeg|Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg]], co-located at the [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|airport]], is home to many flight operations support divisions and several training schools. It is also the headquarters of [[1 Canadian Air Division]] and the Canadian [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] (NORAD) Region,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192508/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=121|archivedate=9 June 2011|title=NORAD|date=23 March 2000|publisher=Department of Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> as well as the home base of 17 Wing of the [[Canadian Forces]]. The Wing comprises three squadrons and six schools; it also provides support to the Central Flying School.<ref name="17 Wing">{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=1141|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609150038/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=1141|archivedate=9 June 2011|title=17 Wing Consolidation Project at CFB Winnipeg|date=11 July 2003|publisher=Department of Defence}}</ref> Excluding the three levels of government, 17 Wing is the fourth largest employer in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=208|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611183400/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=208|archivedate=11 June 2011|title=Community|publisher=National Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> The Wing supports 113 units, stretching from [[Thunder Bay]] to the [[Saskatchewan]]–[[Alberta]] border, and from the [[49th parallel north|49th parallel]] to the high [[Arctic]].<ref name="17 Wing"/> 17 Wing also acts as a deployed operating base for [[CF-18 Hornet]] [[Ground-attack aircraft|fighter-bombers]] assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region.<ref name="17 Wing"/>
There are two squadrons based in the city. The [[No. 402 Squadron RCAF|402 "City of Winnipeg" Squadron]] flies the Canadian-designed and produced de Havilland [[de Havilland Canada Dash 8|CT-142 Dash 8]] navigation trainer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=205|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315135049/http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=205|archivedate=15 March 2012|title=History|publisher=National Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> The [[435 Transport and Rescue Squadron|435 "Chinthe" Transport and Rescue Squadron]] flies the Lockheed [[C-130 Hercules|CC-130 Hercules]] in airlift [[search and rescue]] roles.<ref name="chinte">{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/sqns-escs/page-eng.asp?id=412|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206151431/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/sqns-escs/page-eng.asp?id=412|archivedate=6 December 2010|title=General Information|publisher=National Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> In addition, 435 Squadron is the only [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] squadron equipped and trained to conduct tactical [[Aerial refueling|air-to-air refuelling]] of [[fighter aircraft]].<ref name="chinte"/>
There are several units of the Canadian Army Primary Reserve based in Winnipeg. These include The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada, 38 Service Battalion, 38 Combat Engineer Regiment, 38 Signal Regiment, and The Fort Garry Horse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/reserve/index.page|title=Canadian Army Reserve|publisher=Canadian Army|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> [[HMCS Chippawa]] is a Royal Canadian Navy reserve division in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forces.ca/en/units/182/|title=HMCS Chippawa|publisher=The Canadian Armed Forces|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref>
For many years, Winnipeg was the home of the Second Battalion of [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]]. Initially, the battalion was based at the Fort Osborne Barracks, now the location of the Rady Jewish Community Centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/prov/p089.html|title=Explore Our Heritage – Provincial Heritage Sites|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222001323/http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/prov/p089.html|archivedate=22 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> They eventually moved to the Kapyong Barracks between [[River Heights, Winnipeg|River Heights]] and [[Tuxedo, Winnipeg|Tuxedo]]. Since 2004, the battalion has operated out of [[CFB Shilo]] near [[Brandon, Manitoba|Brandon]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-mayor-wants-negotiations-in-kapyong-barracks-dispute-1.2516058|publisher=CBC|title=Winnipeg mayor wants negotiations in Kapyong Barracks dispute|date=29 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309015903/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-mayor-wants-negotiations-in-kapyong-barracks-dispute-1.2516058|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{portal|border=no|Canada}}
* [[List of people from Winnipeg]]
* [[Municipal waste management in Winnipeg]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/books/mrs05.pdf|title=Gateway City: Documents on the City of Winnipeg 1873–1913|last=Artibise|first=Alan F. J.|publisher=Manitoba Record Society Publications|volume=V|year=1979|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last = Hamilton |first =John David |year =1998 |title =A Winnipeg album: glimpses of the way we were|publisher=Hounslow Press |isbn=0-88882-204-9|ref=non}}
* {{cite book |last = Friesen |first =Gerald |year =2009 |title =Prairie metropolis: new essays on Winnipeg social history |publisher= University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-713-2|ref=none}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* {{official|http://www.winnipeg.ca/}}
* {{commons-inline}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}
{{Winnipeg}}
{{Navboxes|list1={{Canada capitals}}
{{Manitoba}}
{{MBDivision11}}
{{Geographic location
| Centre =Winnipeg
| Northwest = [[Rural Municipality of Rosser|Rosser]]
| North = [[Rural Municipality of West St. Paul|West St. Paul]]
| Northeast = [[Rural Municipality of East St. Paul|East St. Paul]]
| East = [[Rural Municipality of Springfield|Springfield]]
| Southeast = [[Rural Municipality of Ritchot|Ritchot]]
| South =
| Southwest = [[Rural Municipality of Macdonald|Macdonald]]
| West = [[Rural Municipality of Headingley|Headingley]]
}}
{{Census metropolitan areas by size}}{{Pan American Games host cities}}}}
{{Authority control|MBAREA=}}
[[Category:Winnipeg| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Manitoba]]
[[Category:District of Keewatin]]
[[Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1738]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'putin
i hate putteen president of russiaweb.archive.org/web/20130724040230/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archivedate=24 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatleft"
|+ Ethnic origins, 2011<ref name=nhs11/>
!Ethnicity
!Population
!%
|-
|English
|137,075
|21.1
|-
|Scottish
|113,465
|17.4
|-
|Canadian
|108,955
|16.76
|-
|German
|105,910
|16.2
|-
|Ukrainian
|98,860
|15.2
|-
|Irish
|85,800
|13.2
|-
|French
|85,025
|13.1
|-
|Aboriginal (incl. Métis)
|76,055
|11.7
|-
|Filipino
|58,255
|9.0
|-
|Polish
|50,385
|7.8
|}Winnipeg has a significant and increasing [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|Aboriginal]] population, with both the highest percentage of Aboriginal peoples (12.2%) for any major Canadian city, and the highest total number of Aboriginals (84,305) for any single non-reserve municipality.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census Profile, 2016, Winnipeg, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Canada [Country] Aboriginal population|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Aboriginal%20peoples&TABID=1&type=0 |work=Statistics Canada |accessdate=24 October 2021}}</ref> The Aboriginal population grew by 22% between 2001 and 2006, compared to an increase of 3% for the city as a whole; this population tends to be younger and less wealthy than non-Aboriginal residents.<ref name=uaps/> Winnipeg also has the highest Métis population in both percentage (6.3%) and numbers (41,005); the growth rate for this population between 2001 and 2006 was 30%.<ref name=nhs11/><ref name=uaps>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaps.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/UAPS-Winnipeg-report_FINAL.pdf|work=Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study|title=Winnipeg Report|publisher=Environics Institute|year=2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207041046/http://uaps.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/UAPS-Winnipeg-report_FINAL.pdf|archivedate=7 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
The city has the greatest percentage of Filipino residents (8.7%) of any major Canadian city, although [[Toronto]] has more Filipinos by total population. In 2006, Winnipeg ranked seventh of the Canadian cities for percentage of residents of a visible minority.<ref name=nhs11>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|title=National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001448/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|archivedate=3 December 2013|url-status=live}} Compared to similar profiles generated for other major cities.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/access_acces/archive.action-eng.cfm?/english/census06/analysis/ethnicorigin/pdf/97-562-XIE2006001.pdf |title=National Household Survey – Reference products, 2011 |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=28 May 2013 |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201222745/http://www12.statcan.ca/access_acces/archive.action-eng.cfm?%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fanalysis%2Fethnicorigin%2Fpdf%2F97-562-XIE2006001.pdf |archivedate=1 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of the 2016 Census, the population was 63.9% European in origin (73.5% of the city was white in 2006), while non-aboriginal visible minorities represent 23.5% (up from 16.3% in 2006).<ref name=nhs11/><ref name="2006CityProfile"/> The city receives over 10,000 net international immigrants per year.<ref name=ctr>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/cao/pdfs/TheCommunityTrendsReportOctober2013.pdf|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Community Trends Report|date=October 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326080309/http://www.winnipeg.ca/cao/pdfs/TheCommunityTrendsReportOctober2013.pdf|archivedate=26 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
More than a hundred languages are spoken in Winnipeg, of which the most common is English: 99 percent of Winnipeggers are [[fluency|fluent]] English speakers, 88 percent speak only English, and 0.1 percent speak only French (Canada's other [[official language]]). 10 percent speak both English and French, while 1.3 percent speak neither. Other languages spoken as a [[mother tongue]] in Winnipeg include [[Filipino language|Tagalog]] (5.0%), German (2.5%), and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (both 1.4%). Several Aboriginal languages are also spoken, such as [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] (0.3%) and [[Cree language|Cree]] (0.2%).<ref name=cy11/>
The 2011 National Household Survey reported the religious make-up of Winnipeg as: 63.7% [[Christians|Christian]], including 29.7% [[Catholic]], 8.1% [[United Church of Canada|United Church]], and 4.6% [[Anglican]]; 1.7% [[Muslim]]; 1.6% [[Jewish]]; 1.5% [[Sikh]]; 1.0% [[Hindu]]; 1.0% [[Buddhist]]; 0.3% [[Native American religion|traditional (aboriginal) spirituality]]; 0.4% other; and 28.9% no religious affiliation.<ref name=nhs11/>
==Economy==
{{See also|List of corporations based in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Winnipeg_Mint.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Royal Canadian Mint]]'s facility in Winnipeg produces [[Coins of the Canadian dollar|Canadian coins]] for circulation, as well as foreign coins.]]
Winnipeg is an economic base and regional centre. It has a diversified economy, with major employment in the health care and social assistance (15%), retail (11%), manufacturing (8%), and public administration (8%) sectors.<ref name=ecprofile>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/jec/ecprofiles/pdfs/winnipeg/winnipeg_ep.pdf|publisher=Government of Manitoba|title=Winnipeg Economic Profile|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> There were approximately 444,000 jobs in the city as of 2016.<ref name=ecprofile/> Some of Winnipeg's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including the Province of Manitoba, the University of Manitoba, the City of Winnipeg, [[Manitoba Hydro]], and [[Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation]]. Major private-sector employers include Canad Corporation of Manitoba, [[Great-West Life Assurance Company|Canada Life Assurance Company]], [[StandardAero]], and [[SkipTheDishes]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Largest Employers, All Sectors, Winnipeg, Manitoba|publisher=Economic Development Winnipeg|accessdate=2 April 2021|url=https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/site-selection/data-tables}}</ref>
According to the [[Conference Board of Canada]], Winnipeg was projected to experience a real GDP growth of 1.9 percent in 2019. Gross Domestic Product was $43.3 Billion in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/ |title=Economic Indicators |work=Economic Development Winnipeg |accessdate=30 December 2021 }}</ref>
The city had an unemployment rate of 5.3% in 2019, compared to a national rate of 5.7%. Household income per capita was $47,824, compared to $49,744 nationally.<ref name=indicators>{{cite web|url=https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/choose-winnipeg/locate-expand-here/economic-indicators|publisher=Economic Development Winnipeg|title=Economic Indicators|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref>
The [[Royal Canadian Mint]], established in 1976, produces all circulating coinage in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/visit-the-mint-1200026|title=Visit the Mint|publisher=Royal Canadian Mint|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620064544/http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/visit-the-mint-1200026|archivedate=20 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The facility, located in southeastern Winnipeg, also produces coins for many other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/our-services-1200030|title=Our Services|publisher=Royal Canadian Mint|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620064539/http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/our-services-1200030|archivedate=20 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2012, Winnipeg was ranked by [[KPMG]] as the least expensive location to do business in western Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpmg.com/ca/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/press-releases/pages/competitive-alternatives-release-winnipeg.aspx|title=Winnipeg the most cost competitive in western Canada|publisher=KPMG|date=22 March 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006001647/http://www.kpmg.com/Ca/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Press-Releases/Pages/Competitive-Alternatives-Release-Winnipeg.aspx |archivedate=6 October 2012}}</ref> Like many prairie cities, Winnipeg has a relatively low cost of living.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Consumer price index, by city (monthly)|accessdate=3 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228042531/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|archivedate=28 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The average house price in Winnipeg was $301,518 as of 2018.<ref name=indicators/> As of May 2014, the [[Consumer Price Index]] was 125.8 relative to 2002 prices, reflecting consumer costs at the Canadian average.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|accessdate=4 July 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Consumer Price Index, by city (monthly)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228042531/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm|archivedate=28 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis01a-eng.htm|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Consumer Price Index, by province (monthly)|accessdate=5 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707221903/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis01a-eng.htm|archivedate=7 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Culture==
{{Main|Winnipeg arts and culture}}
{{See also|List of people from Winnipeg|Category:Museums in Winnipeg|Category:Theatre companies in Manitoba|List of TV and films shot in Winnipeg|List of Winnipeg musicians}}
[[File:Esplanderiel.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Esplanade Riel]] is a landmark and pedestrian bridge in the city. It connects downtown Winnipeg with the [[St. Boniface, Winnipeg|St. Boniface]] neighbourhood.]]
Winnipeg was named the Cultural Capital of Canada in 2010 by Canadian Heritage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artsforall.ca/ |title=Arts for All |publisher=Winnipeg Arts Council |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516215755/http://artsforall.ca/ |archivedate=16 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2021, there are 26 [[List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Manitoba|National Historic Sites of Canada]] in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnipeg |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=Winnipeg&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlProvince=100069&dey=&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlCustodian= |work=Directory of Federal Heritage Designations |publisher=[[Parks Canada]] |accessdate=2 April 2021 }} See also: [https://archive.today/20130101115246/http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=Boniface&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$ddlProvince=100069&dey=&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$ddlCustodian= St. Boniface].</ref> One of these, [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]], attracts four million visitors a year.<ref name=forks>{{cite web|url=http://www.theforks.com/forks|title=The Forks|publisher=The Forks|accessdate=4 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704072710/http://www.theforks.com/forks|archivedate=4 July 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is home to the [[City (TV network)|City]] television studio, [[Manitoba Theatre for Young People]], the [[Winnipeg International Children's Festival]], and the [[Manitoba Children's Museum]]. It also features a {{convert|30000|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} skate plaza, a {{convert|8500|sqft|abbr=on|order=flip}} bowl complex, which features a mural of Winnipeg skateboarding pioneer Jai Pereira, the [[Esplanade Riel]] bridge,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theforks.com/28|title=Attractions|publisher=The Forks|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703055042/http://www.theforks.com/28|archivedate=3 July 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> a river walkway, [[Shaw Park]], and the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]].<ref name=forks/> The [[Winnipeg Public Library]] is a public library network with 20 branches throughout the city, including the main [[Millennium Library (Winnipeg)|Millennium Library]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/interhom/guide/all/Library.stm|title=Library Services|work=Newcomers Pocket Guide to Winnipeg|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713162941/http://www.winnipeg.ca/interhom/guide/all/Library.stm|archivedate=13 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Winnipeg the Bear]], which would become the inspiration for part of the name of [[Winnie-the-Pooh]], was purchased in Ontario by Lieutenant [[Harry Colebourn]] of [[the Fort Garry Horse]]. He named the bear after the regiment's home town of Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.just-pooh.com/history.html|title=History of Winnie the Pooh|publisher=Disney|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728094121/http://www.just-pooh.com/history.html|archivedate=28 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> [[A. A. Milne]] later wrote a series of books featuring the fictional Winnie-the-Pooh. The series' illustrator, [[E. H. Shepard|Ernest H. Shepard]], created the only known oil painting of Winnipeg's adopted fictional bear, displayed in Assiniboine Park.<ref name="shepard">{{cite web|url=http://www.poohcorner.com/Ernest-H.-Shepard-Illustrator.html|title=Ernest H. Shepard, Illustrator|work=Pooh Corner|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828100636/http://www.poohcorner.com/Ernest-H.-Shepard-Illustrator.html|archivedate=28 August 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
The city has developed many distinct dishes and cooking styles, notably in the areas of [[confectionery]] and [[Hot-smoking|hot-smoked fish]]. Both the First Nations and more recent Eastern Canadian, European, and Asian immigrants have helped shape Winnipeg's dining scene, giving birth to dishes such as the desserts [[schmoo torte]] and [[Flapper pie|wafer pie]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kives|first=Bartley|date=3 July 2011|title=The road to our signature dish: Interesting fusion creation a contender|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/the-road-to-our-signature-dish-124935189.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gillmor|first=Alison|date=7 November 2012|title=Wafer? Flapper? Open Wide and Say 'Sals'|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/food/wafer-flapper-open-wide-and-say-sals-177603771.html}}</ref>
The [[Winnipeg Art Gallery]] is Western Canada's oldest public art gallery, founded in 1912. It is the sixth-largest in the country<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wag.ca/about/facts/history|title=The Winnipeg Art Gallery|publisher=The Winnipeg Art Gallery|accessdate=9 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519162913/http://wag.ca/about/facts/history|archivedate=19 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and includes the world's largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art.<ref name=ce/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wag.ca/art/collections|title=Collection of The Winnipeg Art Gallery|publisher=The Winnipeg Art Gallery|accessdate=9 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421143524/http://wag.ca/art/collections|archivedate=21 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the late 1970s Winnipeg has also had an active [[Canadian artist-run centres|artist run centre]] culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marcc.ca/about-marcc.html|title=Artist run centre members|publisher=MARCC|accessdate=17 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118222046/http://www.marcc.ca/about-marcc.html|archivedate=18 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Centennial Concert Hall.jpg|thumb|left|[[Centennial Concert Hall]] is a [[performing arts centre]] that is home to the [[Manitoba Opera]], [[Royal Winnipeg Ballet]], and the [[Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra]].]]
Winnipeg's three largest performing arts venues, the [[Centennial Concert Hall]], [[Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre]] and the [[Pantages Playhouse Theatre]], are downtown. The Royal Manitoba is Canada's oldest English-language regional theatre, with over 250 performances yearly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtc.mb.ca/about.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628175017/http://www.mtc.mb.ca/about.aspx|archivedate=28 June 2008|title=About MTC|year=2010|publisher=Manitoba Theatre Centre|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> The Pantages Playhouse Theatre opened as a [[Vaudeville#Architecture|vaudeville house]] in 1913.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7397 |title=Historic Places |publisher=Parks Canada|accessdate=19 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521142800/http://historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7397 |archivedate=21 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other city theatres include the [[Burton Cummings Theatre]] (a National Historic Site of Canada built in 1906<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7747|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Parks Canada|title=Walker Theatre National Historic Site of Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309120514/http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7747|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>) and [[Prairie Theatre Exchange]]. [[Le Cercle Molière]], based in St Boniface, is Canada's oldest theatre company; it was founded in 1925.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cerclemoliere.com/la-compagnie|title=La Compagnie|year=2008|publisher=Cercle Molière|language=French|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305110221/http://cerclemoliere.com/la-compagnie|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rainbow Stage]] is a musical theatre production company based in [[Kildonan Park]] that produces professional, live Broadway musical shows and is Canada's longest-surviving outdoor theatre.<ref name=ce/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainbowstage.net/htmldocs/About.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822125049/http://www.rainbowstage.net/htmldocs/About.html|archivedate=22 August 2008|title=About Rainbow Stage|year=1993|publisher=Rainbow Stage|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Theatre for Young People]] at The Forks is one of only two Theatres for Young Audiences in Canada with a permanent residence and the only Theatre for Young Audiences that offers a full season of plays for teenagers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtyp.ca/|title=MTYP|publisher=Manitoba Theatre for Young People|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218162225/http://mtyp.ca/|archivedate=18 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Jewish Theatre]] is the only professional theatre in Canada dedicated to Jewish themes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wjt.ca/about.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325142859/http://www.wjt.ca/about.html|archivedate=25 March 2010|title=About Us|publisher=Winnipeg Jewish Theatre|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> [[Shakespeare in the Ruins]] (SIR) presents adaptations of [[Shakespeare]] plays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespeareintheruins.com/about-sir/|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Shakespeare in the Ruins|title=About|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305112224/http://www.shakespeareintheruins.com/about-sir/|archivedate=5 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Winnipeg has hosted numerous [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] productions: ''[[Shall We Dance? (2004 film)|Shall We Dance?]]'' (2004), ''[[Capote (film)|Capote]]'' (2005), ''[[The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford]]'' (2007), and ''[[A Dog's Purpose]]'' (2017), among others were filmed in the city.<ref>{{cite news|work=Metro|title=Five flicks filmed in Winnipeg|url=http://metronews.ca/features/high-five-winnipeg/354635/five-flicks-filmed-in-winnipeg/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309184850/http://metronews.ca/features/high-five-winnipeg/354635/five-flicks-filmed-in-winnipeg/|archivedate=9 March 2014|date=31 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Filmed-in-Winnipeg|newspaper=Winnipeg Sun|date=30 August 2016|url=https://winnipegsun.com/2016/08/30/filmed-in-winnipeg-a-dogs-purpose-has-plenty-of-puppy-love-star-power}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Film Group]] has produced numerous award-winning films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/film/prairie-visionaries-guy-maddin-and-the-winnipeg-film-group/why-winnipeg.html|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=CBC|title=Why make movies in Winnipeg?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316230333/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/film/prairie-visionaries-guy-maddin-and-the-winnipeg-film-group/why-winnipeg.html|archivedate=16 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> There are several TV and film production companies in Winnipeg: the most prominent are [[Farpoint Films]], [[Frantic Films]], [[Buffalo Gal Pictures]], and [[Les Productions Rivard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://getonsetmanitoba.ca/industry/awards/|accessdate=5 March 2014|title=Awards & Nominations|publisher=Get on Set Manitoba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309200803/http://getonsetmanitoba.ca/industry/awards/|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Guy Maddin's ''[[My Winnipeg]]'', an independent film released in 2008, is a comedic rumination on the city's history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/arts/tiff/features/tiffmaddin.html|title=Home truths|last=Gillmor|first=Alison|date=7 September 2007|publisher=CBC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318090717/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/tiff/features/tiffmaddin.html|archivedate=18 March 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG|thumb|Located in Winnipeg, the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]] is a [[national museums of Canada|national museum of Canada]].]]
The [[Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra]] is the largest and oldest professional musical ensemble in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504203455/http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp|archivedate=4 May 2008|title=More About the WSO|publisher=WSO|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Chamber Orchestra]] runs a series of chamber orchestral concerts each year.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitoba-chamber-orchestra-emc/|title=Manitoba Chamber Orchestra|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Music in Canada|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309200957/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitoba-chamber-orchestra-emc/|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Manitoba Opera]] is Manitoba's only full-time professional opera company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manitobaopera.mb.ca/about/index.html|title=Did You Know?|work=About Manitoba Opera|publisher=Manitoba Opera|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626184637/http://www.manitobaopera.mb.ca/about/index.html|archivedate=26 June 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Among the most notable musical acts associated with Winnipeg are [[Bachman–Turner Overdrive]],<ref name=juno/> [[The Guess Who]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manitobamusicmuseum.com/theguesswho.htm|accessdate=21 May 2014|title=The Guess Who|publisher=Manitoba Music Museum|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125075428/http://www.manitobamusicmuseum.com/theguesswho.htm|archivedate=25 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Neil Young]],<ref>{{cite news|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/neil-young-a-typical-winnipegger-240709051.html|author=Kives, Bartley|title=Neil Young a typical Winnipegger|date=17 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309201122/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/neil-young-a-typical-winnipegger-240709051.html|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Weakerthans]],<ref>{{cite web|title=City Still Breathing|work=Geist|url=https://www.geist.com/fact/essays/city-still-breathing-listening-weakerthans/|accessdate=5 January 2022}}</ref> the [[Crash Test Dummies]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crash-test-dummies/|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Crash Test Dummies|author=Bateman, Jeff|date=15 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523011200/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crash-test-dummies/|archivedate=23 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Propagandhi]],<ref>{{cite news|title=In-depth US podcast covers Winnipeg's Propagandhi|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/more-talk-less-rock-574596792.html|date=9 June 2021|author=Wasney, Eva}}</ref> [[Bif Naked]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Bif Naked remembers early days in Winnipeg|publisher=CBC|author=Gibson, Shane|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/bif-naked-red-river-ex-1.5177500|date=16 June 2019}}</ref> and [[The Watchmen (band)|The Watchmen]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Two members of the Watchmen reunite|publisher=CTV|url=https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/happy-surprise-two-members-of-the-watchmen-reunite-for-new-album-1.5406103|author=Rosen, Kayla|date=28 April 2021}}</ref> among many others.<ref name=juno>{{cite web|url=http://junoawards.ca/press/2014-juno-awards/|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=CARAS|title=2014 JUNO Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304193444/http://junoawards.ca/press/2014-juno-awards/|archivedate=4 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Winnipeg also has a significant place in Canadian jazz history, being the location of Canada's first jazz concert in 1914 at the [[Pantages Playhouse Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Such Melodious Racket|work=Quill and Quire|url=https://quillandquire.com/review/such-melodious-racket-the-lost-history-of-jazz-in-canada-1914-1949/|author=Mason, Roger|accessdate=5 January 2021}}</ref>
The [[Royal Winnipeg Ballet]] (RWB) is Canada's oldest [[ballet company]] and the longest continuously operating ballet company in North America. It was the first organization to be granted a [[royal charter|royal title]] by [[Queen Elizabeth II]], and has included notable dancers such as [[Evelyn Hart]] and [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]]. The RWB also runs a full-time classical dance school.<ref name="rwb">{{cite web|url=http://www.rwb.org/history|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729205146/http://www.rwb.org/history|archivedate=29 July 2010|title=History|publisher=Royal Winnipeg Ballet|accessdate=28 December 2009}}</ref>
The [[Manitoba Museum]], the city's largest museum, depicts the history of the city and province. The full-size replica of the ship [[Nonsuch (1650 ship)|''Nonsuch'']] is the museum's showcase piece.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manitobamuseum.ca/main/museum/|title=Museum Info|publisher=Manitoba Museum|accessdate=7 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307152729/http://www.manitobamuseum.ca/main/museum/|archivedate=7 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Manitoba Children's Museum]] is a nonprofit [[children's museum]] at The Forks that features twelve permanent galleries.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Children's Museum|url=http://childrensmuseum.com/about-us/history|publisher=Manitoba Children's Museum|accessdate=6 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826140904/http://childrensmuseum.com/about-us/history|archivedate=26 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Children's Museum Now Open to the Public|url=http://childrensmuseum.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Media_Release.Jun_.05.11.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201015523/http://childrensmuseum.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Media_Release.Jun_.05.11.pdf|archivedate=1 December 2011|publisher=Manitoba Children's Museum|accessdate=5 March 2014|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> The [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]] is the only Canadian [[national museum]] for human rights and the only national museum west of Ottawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum/construction-faq|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628033558/http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum/construction-faq|archivedate=28 June 2010|title=Construction FAQ|year=2010|publisher=Canadian Museum for Human Rights|accessdate=4 July 2010}}</ref> The federal government contributed $100 million towards the estimated $311-million project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.friendsofcmhr.com|title=Friends of Canadian Museum For Human Rights|publisher=The Friends of Canadian Museum For Human Rights|accessdate=4 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209055023/http://www.friendsofcmhr.com/|archivedate=9 February 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Construction of the museum began on 1 April 2008,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/breakingnews/Rights-museum-build-begins-April-1-39320602.html|title=Rights museum build begins April 1|work=Winnipeg Free Press|date=9 February 2009|author=McNeill, Murray|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413021422/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/breakingnews/Rights-museum-build-begins-April-1-39320602.html|archivedate=13 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> and the museum opened to the public 27 September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Canadian Museum for Human Rights|title="Canada's new national museum opens, devoted entirely to human rights", press release|url=https://humanrights.ca/about-museum/news/canadas-new-national-museum-opens-devoted-entirely-human-rights|accessdate=12 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110224719/https://humanrights.ca/about-museum/news/canadas-new-national-museum-opens-devoted-entirely-human-rights|archivedate=10 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]], in a hangar at Winnipeg's [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|James Richardson International Airport]], features military jets, commercial aircraft, Canada's first helicopter, the "flying saucer" [[Avrocar]], flight simulators, and a [[Black Brant (rocket)|Black Brant]] rocket built in Manitoba by [[Bristol Aerospace]].<ref name="McCaffery2000">{{cite book|author=McCaffery, Dan|title=Canada's Warplanes: Unique Aircraft in Canada's Aviation Museums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwZkh0HBC7YC&pg=PA3|year=2000|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=978-1-55028-699-1|page=3}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg Railway Museum]] at Via Rail Station has a variety of locomotives, notably the ''[[Countess of Dufferin]]'', the first [[steam locomotive]] in Western Canada.<ref name=" The Winnipeg Railway Museum ">{{cite web|url=http://www.wpgrailwaymuseum.com/locomotives.html|publisher=The Winnipeg Railway Museum|title=The Winnipeg Railway Museum locomotives|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603200041/http://www.wpgrailwaymuseum.com/locomotives.html|archivedate=3 June 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Festivals===
{{See also|List of festivals in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Korean Pavilion.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The Korean Pavilion during [[Folklorama]].]]
[[Festival du Voyageur]], Western Canada's largest winter festival, celebrates the early French explorers of the Red River Valley.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://festivalvoyageur.mb.ca/fdv-inc-fr/a-propos/historique/|title=Historique|publisher=Festival du Voyageur|language=French|accessdate=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305115934/http://festivalvoyageur.mb.ca/fdv-inc-fr/a-propos/historique/|archivedate=5 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Folklorama]] is the largest and longest-running cultural celebration festival in the world.<ref name="folklorama1">{{cite web|url=http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53#24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811070804/http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53#24|archivedate=11 August 2010|title=FAQs|publisher=Folklorama|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> The [[Jazz Winnipeg Festival]] and the [[Winnipeg Folk Festival]] both celebrate Winnipeg's music community. The Winnipeg Music Festival offers a competition venue to amateur musicians. The [[Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival]] is the second-largest [[alternative theatre]] festival in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-fringe-festival-breaks-attendance-record-1.701117|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729043158/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-fringe-festival-breaks-attendance-record-1.701117|archivedate=29 July 2008 |title=Winnipeg Fringe Festival breaks attendance record|publisher=CBC | date=28 July 2008}}</ref> The [[Winnipeg International Writers Festival]] (also called THIN AIR) brings writers to Winnipeg for workshops and readings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creativemanitoba.ca/membership/past-featured-members/display,601/18/thin-air|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=ACI Manitoba|title=THIN AIR|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309183654/http://www.creativemanitoba.ca/membership/past-featured-members/display,601/18/thin-air|archivedate=9 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[LGBT]] community in the city is served by [[Pride Winnipeg]], an annual [[gay pride]] festival and parade, and [[Reel Pride]], a [[film festival]] of LGBT-themed films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outwords.ca/content/secret-lives-volunteers|date=April 2011|title=The secret lives of volunteers|work=Outwords|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309185258/http://www.outwords.ca/content/secret-lives-volunteers|archivedate=9 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
===Sports===
{{Main|Sport in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has been home to several professional [[ice hockey|hockey]] teams. The [[Winnipeg Jets]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) have called the city home since 2011.<ref>{{cite book|last=Buma|first=Michael|title=Refereeing identity: the cultural work of Canadian hockey novels|year=2012|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-3987-7|pages=284–285}}</ref> The original [[Winnipeg Jets (1972-96)|Winnipeg Jets]], the city's former NHL team, left for [[Phoenix, Arizona]] after the 1995–96 season due to mounting financial troubles, despite a campaign effort to "Save the Jets".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/topics/1639-11352/|title=Hockey Flight in Canada|publisher=CBC|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602105409/http://archives.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/topics/1639-11352/|archivedate=2 June 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The Jets play at [[Canada Life Centre]], which is ranked the world's 19th-busiest arena among non-sporting touring events, 13th-busiest among facilities in North America, and 3rd-busiest in Canada as of 2009.<ref>{{cite news|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/mts_centre_19th-busiest_showbiz_venue_in_world38266214.html|date=24 January 2009|title=MTS Centre 19th-busiest showbiz venue in the world|author=Maclean, Cameron|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021154151/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/mts_centre_19th-busiest_showbiz_venue_in_world38266214.html|archivedate=21 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|[[Canada Life Centre]] is an indoor arena in downtown Winnipeg. It is the home arena of the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]'s [[Winnipeg Jets]] and the [[American Hockey League|AHL]]'s [[Manitoba Moose]].]]
Past hockey teams based in Winnipeg include the [[Winnipeg Maroons]], [[Winnipeg Warriors]], three time Stanley Cup Champion [[Winnipeg Victorias]] and the [[Winnipeg Falcons]], who were the first ever Gold Medal Olympians, representing Canada in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. Another professional ice hockey team in Winnipeg is the [[Manitoba Moose]], the American Hockey League primary affiliate of the Winnipeg Jets that are owned by the same group .<ref>{{cite book|editor=Welsted, John|title=The geography of Manitoba: its land and its people|year=1996|publisher=University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-375-2|page=307}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/18/work-finally-getting-underway-on-old-arena-site|title=Work finally getting underway on old arena site|date=18 October 2011|work=Winnipeg Sun|author=Romaniuk, Ross|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518143713/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/18/work-finally-getting-underway-on-old-arena-site|archivedate=18 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On the international stage, Winnipeg has hosted national and world hockey championships on a number of occasions, most notably the [[1999 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships|1999 World Junior Hockey Championship]] and [[2007 IIHF Women's World Championship|2007 Women's World Hockey Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Men/Junior/1999/Home|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Hockey Canada|title=1999 IIHF World Junior Championship|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305085626/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Men/Junior/1999/Home|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Women/World-Championship/2007/Home|title=2007 IIHF Women's World Championship|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Hockey Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305084348/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Women/World-Championship/2007/Home|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, the [[Western Hockey League]] returned to Winnipeg after a long absence with the [[Kootenay Ice]] relocating as the [[Winnipeg Ice]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kootenay-ice-whl-winnipeg-1.5001571|publisher=CBC News|agency=Canadian Press|date=1 February 2019|title=Winnipeg Ice ownership optimistic about bringing WHL back to Manitoba capital}}</ref>
The [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] play in the [[Canadian Football League]]. They are twelve-time [[Grey Cup]] champions, their last championship in 2021.<ref name=gc>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluebombers.com/page/grey_cups|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320053941/http://www.bluebombers.com/page/grey_cups|archivedate=20 March 2014|accessdate=5 March 2014|title=Grey Cups|publisher=Winnipeg Blue Bombers}}</ref> From 1953 to 2012, the Blue Bombers called [[Canad Inns Stadium]] home; they have since moved to [[IG Field]]. Due to construction delays and cost overruns, the stadium was not ready for the 2012 CFL season, instead opening in 2013. The $200-million facility is also the home to [[U Sports football|U Sports']] University of Manitoba Bisons and the [[Winnipeg Rifles]] of the [[Canadian Junior Football League]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2013/06/28/bombers-greats-called-out-for-opening-ceremonies-at-investors-group-field|work=Winnipeg Sun|author=Penton, Kirk|date=28 June 2013|title=Bombers greats called out for opening ceremonies at Investors Group Field|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112132700/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2013/06/28/bombers-greats-called-out-for-opening-ceremonies-at-investors-group-field|archivedate=12 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/football/marsch-finds-comfort-zone-with-rifles-220776691.html|title=Marsch finds comfort zone with Rifles|author=Jahns, Kyle|date=23 August 2013|work=Winnipeg Free Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305084136/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/football/marsch-finds-comfort-zone-with-rifles-220776691.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
The University of Manitoba [[Manitoba Bisons|Bisons]] and the University of Winnipeg [[Winnipeg Wesmen|Wesmen]] represent the city in [[U Sports|university-level sports]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/amateur/bisons-wesmen-get-their-mojo-back-138550984.html|author=Prest, Ashley|date=2 February 2012|work=Winnipeg Free Press|title=Bisons, Wesmen get their mojo back|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305081817/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/amateur/bisons-wesmen-get-their-mojo-back-138550984.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In soccer, it is represented by both [[Valour FC]] in the new [[Canadian Premier League]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4209973/wininpeg-soccer-executive-hopes-new-club-will-score-with-local-youth/ |title=Winnipeg soccer executive hopes new club will score with local youth |website= Globalnews.ca |accessdate=2 June 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610151522/https://globalnews.ca/news/4209973/wininpeg-soccer-executive-hopes-new-club-will-score-with-local-youth/ |archivedate=10 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[WSA Winnipeg]] in the [[USL League Two]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/other/new-soccer-squad-in-town-122645338.html|author=Prest, Ashley|date=26 May 2011|work=Winnipeg Free Press|title=New soccer squad in town|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305082807/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/other/new-soccer-squad-in-town-122645338.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Winnipeg has been home to several professional baseball teams, most recently the [[Winnipeg Goldeyes]] since 1994. The Goldeyes play at [[Shaw Park]], which was completed in 1999. The team had led the [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|Northern League]] for ten straight years in average attendance through 2010, with more than 300,000 annual fan visits, until the league collapsed and merged into the [[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldeyes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=34|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711104903/http://www.goldeyes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=34|archivedate=11 July 2011|title=Winnipeg Goldeyes History|publisher=Winnipeg Goldeyes|accessdate=15 July 2010}}</ref>
Winnipeg was the first Canadian city to host the [[Pan American Games]], and the second city to host the event twice, in [[1967 Pan American Games|1967]] and again in [[1999 Pan American Games|1999]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pan-american-games/|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Pan American Games|author=Redmond, Gerald|date=6 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311010246/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pan-american-games/|archivedate=11 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Pan Am Pool]], built for the 1967 Pan Am Games, hosts aquatic events, including [[Diving (sport)|diving]], [[Swimming (sport)|speed swimming]], [[synchronized swimming]] and [[water polo]].<ref name="indoor pools">{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/cms/recreation/facilities/pools/indoor_pools/pan_am.stm|author=City of Winnipeg|title=Pan Am Pool|accessdate=21 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730013010/http://www.winnipeg.ca/cms/recreation/facilities/pools/indoor_pools/pan_am.stm|archivedate=30 July 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Winnipeg co-hosted the [[2015 FIFA Women's World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |author =Tait, Ed |title =Winnipeg to host FIFA Women's World Cup |work =Winnipeg Free Press |date =5 May 2012 |url =http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/soccer/Winnipeg-to-host-FIFA-Womens-World-Cup-150207165.html |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20121208160422/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/soccer/Winnipeg-to-host-FIFA-Womens-World-Cup-150207165.html |archivedate =8 December 2012 |url-status =live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Professional sports teams
|-
! Club
! Sport
! League
! Venue
! Established
! Championships
|-
| [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]
| [[Canadian football|Football]]
| [[Canadian Football League|CFL]]
| [[Osborne Stadium]] (1935–1952)<br />[[Winnipeg Stadium]] (1953–2012)<br />[[IG Field]] (2013–present)
| style="text-align:center;" | 1930
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
|-
| [[Winnipeg Jets]]
| [[Ice hockey]]
| [[World Hockey Association|WHA]], [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| [[Winnipeg Arena]] (1972–1996)<br />[[Canada Life Centre]] (2011–present)
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Winnipeg Jets (1972–96)|Original]]: 1972–1996<br />[[Winnipeg Jets|Current]]: 2011
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 (WHA Avco Cup)<br /> 0
|-
| [[Valour FC]]
| [[Soccer]]
| [[Canadian Premier League|CPL]]
| [[IG Field]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2018
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
| [[Winnipeg Goldeyes]]
| [[Baseball]]
| [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|Northern League]] (1994–2010)<br />[[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball|American Association]] (2011–present)
| [[Shaw Park]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1994
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
| [[Manitoba Moose]]
| Ice hockey
| [[International Hockey League (1945–2001)|IHL]] (1996–2001)<br />[[American Hockey League|AHL]] (2001–2011, 2015–present)
| [[Winnipeg Arena]] (1996–2004)<br />[[Canada Life Centre]] (2004–2011, 2015–present)
| style="text-align:center;" | 1996–2011, 2015–present
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
|}
==Local media==
[[File:Cbcwinnipeg building2010.png|thumb|right|[[CBWT-DT|CBC Manitoba]] is one of five English-language television broadcasters in Winnipeg and [[CBWFT-DT|ICI Manitoba]] is the French-language station.]]
{{Main|Media in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has two daily newspapers: the ''[[Winnipeg Free Press]]'' and the ''[[Winnipeg Sun]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/free-press-rules-latest-readership-survey-228889651.html|date=23 October 2013|work=Winnipeg Free Press|title=Free Press rules latest readership survey|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305105543/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/free-press-rules-latest-readership-survey-228889651.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> There are also several ethnic weekly newspapers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107093413/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html|archivedate=7 January 2008|title=Canadian Ethnic Newspapers Currently Received|publisher=Collections Canada|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>
Radio broadcasting in Winnipeg began in 1922;<ref name=MOIR15>{{cite book|first=Garry |last=Moir|title=On the Air: the golden age of Manitoba radio|publisher=Great Plains Publications|year= 2015|isbn=978-1-927855-26-3|pages=16–17}}</ref> by 1923, government-owned [[CBW (AM)#History|CKY]] held a monopoly position that lasted until after the Second World War. Winnipeg is home to 33 AM and FM radio stations, two of which are [[French language|French-language]] stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tunein.com/radio/Winnipeg-r100595/|title=Winnipeg Radio Stations|publisher=tunein|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327015014/http://tunein.com/radio/Winnipeg-r100595/|archivedate=27 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[CBC Radio One]] and [[CBC Radio 2]] broadcast local and national programming in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/facilities/mb/|title=Manitoba|publisher=CBC|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114095051/http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/facilities/mb/|archivedate=14 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Native Communications Inc|NCI]] is devoted to Indigenous programming.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncifm.com/about-us/|accessdate=5 March 2014|title=About us|publisher=NCI|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305094344/http://www.ncifm.com/about-us/|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Television broadcasting in Winnipeg started in 1954. The federal government refused to license any private broadcaster until the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] had created a national network. In May 1954, [[CBWT]] went on the air with four hours of broadcasting per day.<ref name="A History v 1995">{{cite book|title=Manitoba 125 – A History|volume=3|editor=Shilliday, Greg|publisher=Great Plains Publications|year=1995|isbn=0-9697804-1-9}}</ref> There are now five English-language stations and one French-language station based in Winnipeg. Additionally, some American network affiliates are available over-the-air.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/01/f-digital-tv-transition.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129120724/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/01/f-digital-tv-transition.html|archivedate=29 January 2013|title=Canadian over-the-air TV following U.S. down digital path|last=Bowman|first=John|date=12 June 2009|publisher=CBC}}</ref>
==Law and government==
{{Main|Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg}}
[[File:Winnipeg's City Hall building.JPG|thumb|Winnipeg City Hall is the [[Winnipeg City Council|seat of municipal government]].]]
Since 1992, the city of Winnipeg has been represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor, both elected every four years.<ref name="munic">{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm|title=City Government|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225130848/http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm|archivedate=25 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The present mayor, [[Brian Bowman (politician)|Brian Bowman]], was first elected to office in 2014.<ref name=ce/> The city is a single-tier municipality, governed by a [[Mayor-council government|mayor-council system]].<ref name=ce/> The structure of the municipal government is set by the provincial legislature in the City of Winnipeg Charter Act, which replaced the old [[City of Winnipeg Act]] in 2003.<ref name="charter">[http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php The City of Winnipeg Charter Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416205310/http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php |date=16 April 2009 }}. S.M. 2002, c. 39. Bill 39, 3rd Session, 37th Legislature. Manitoba Laws.</ref> The mayor is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the [[Head of government|chief executive]] of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106030104/http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm|archivedate=6 January 2010|title=Election Services|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009}}</ref> At Council meetings, the mayor has one of 16 votes. The City Council is a [[unicameralism|unicameral]] legislative body, representing geographical [[ward (division)|wards]] throughout the city.<ref name="charter"/>
In provincial politics, Winnipeg is represented by 32 of the 57 provincial [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLAs). As of 2019, Winnipeg districts are represented by 15 members of the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Progressive Conservative Party]], 14 by the [[New Democratic Party of Manitoba|New Democratic Party]] (NDP), and 3 by the [[Manitoba Liberal Party|Liberal Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/members/mla_list_constituency.html|accessdate=2 April 2021|publisher=Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|title=Alphabetical list by constituency}}</ref>
[[File:Lesislaturemb.jpg|thumb|left|Winnipeg is home to the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]], which houses the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]].]]
In federal politics, as of 2019 Winnipeg is represented by eight [[House of Commons of Canada|Members of Parliament]]: four [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberals]], two [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]] and two [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democrat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/constituencies?province=MB|title=Current constituencies|publisher=Canadian Parliament|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> There are five [[Senate of Canada|Senators]] representing Manitoba in [[Ottawa]] (plus one seat vacant as of April 2021).<ref name="senate">{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/SenatorsMembers/Senate/SenatorsBiography/isenator.asp?Language=E&sortord=P|title=Senators by province|accessdate=2 April 2021|publisher=Canadian Parliament}}</ref>
===Crime===
{{Main|Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg}}
From 2007 to 2011, Winnipeg was the "murder capital" of Canada, with the highest per-capita rate of [[homicide]]s; as of 2019 it is in second place, behind [[Thunder Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/manitoba-murder-capital-of-canada-for-fifth-year-in-a-row-1.890828|publisher=CTV|date=24 July 2012|title=Manitoba murder capital of Canada for fifth year in a row|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728224428/http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/manitoba-murder-capital-of-canada-for-fifth-year-in-a-row-1.890828|archivedate=28 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510007101&pickMembers%5B0%5D=2.2&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2015&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2019&referencePeriods=20150101%2C20190101|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Number and rate of homicide victims, by Census Metropolitan Areas|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> {{As of|2019}} Winnipeg had the 13-highest [[Crime in Canada#Violent crime severity index by CMA|violent crime index]] in Canada, and the highest robbery rate.<ref>{{cite news|work=Macleans|title=Canada's Most Dangerous Places 2020|url=https://www.macleans.ca/canadas-most-dangerous-places-2020/|date=19 November 2019}}</ref> Despite high overall violent crime rates, crime in Winnipeg is mostly concentrated in the inner city, which makes up only 19% of the population<ref>{{cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf |title=Inner City |publisher=City of Winnipeg |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052512/http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> but was the site of 86.4% of the city's shootings, 66.5% of the robberies, 63.3% of the homicides and 59.5% of the sexual assaults in 2012.<ref name="CrimeStat">{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/crimestat/|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=CrimStat|accessdate=28 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407133918/http://www.winnipeg.ca/CrimeStat/|archivedate=7 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
From the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, Winnipeg had a significant auto-theft problem, with the rate peaking at 2,165.0 per 100,000 residents in 2006<ref name="Every Annual Crime Report">{{cite web|title=Every Annual Crime Report|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm|accessdate=28 November 2013|publisher=Winnipeg Police Service|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101230434/http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm|archivedate=1 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> compared to 487 auto-thefts per 100,000 residents for Canada as a whole.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crimes Rates in Canada 2006|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007005-eng.pdf|date=28 November 2013|publisher=Statistics Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623064340/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/85-002-x2007005-eng.pdf|archivedate=23 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> To combat auto theft, [[Manitoba Public Insurance]] established financial incentives for motor vehicle owners to install ignition [[immobilizer]]s in their vehicles, and now requires owners of high-risk vehicles to install immobilizers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225142834/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771|archivedate=25 February 2008|title=Immobilizers to be mandatory on high-risk used cars in Manitoba|date=23 August 2006|publisher=CBC}}</ref> These initiatives resulted in an 80% decrease in auto thefts between 2006 and 2011.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Auto Theft in Winnipeg, Manitoba|last=Linden|first=Rick|title=Problem-Oriented Policing|year=2020|pages=266–278|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780429457357-29|isbn=9780429457357|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429457357-29/auto-theft-winnipeg-manitoba-1-rick-linden}}</ref>
As of 2018, the [[Winnipeg Police Service]] had 1,914 police officers, which is one officer per 551 city residents, and cost taxpayers $290,564,015.<ref name="2018Report">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=2018 Annual Statistical Report|url=https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/2018/2018_wps_annual_report_english.pdf|accessdate=2020-06-16|publisher=Winnipeg Police Service}}</ref> In November 2013, the national police union reviewed the Winnipeg Police Force and found high average response times for several categories of calls.<ref>{{cite web |last=Santin |first=Aldo |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html |title=Police help on way ... in 77 minutes |work=Winnipeg Free Press |date=8 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111145108/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html |archivedate=11 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006|title=Winnipeg police slow on domestic violence calls, report says|publisher=CBC|date=8 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080145/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006|archivedate=10 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the city started to deal with an increasingly large [[methamphetamine]] problem, fuelling violent crime.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coubrough |first1=Jill |title=Winnipeg: A city wide awake on crystal meth |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-a-city-wide-awake-on-crystal-meth-1.4357577 |publisher=CBC|date=22 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Malone |first1=Kelly Geraldine |title=Winnipeg mayor talks meth crisis, safety during meeting with Trudeau |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/01/20/winnipeg-mayor-talks-meth-crisis-safety-during-meeting-with-trudeau.html |agency=The Canadian Press |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=20 January 2020}}</ref>
==Education==
{{See also|List of schools of Winnipeg}}
[[File:UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg|thumb|Located in Winnipeg, the [[University of Manitoba]] is the largest post-secondary institution in the province.]]
Winnipeg has seven [[school division]]s: [[Winnipeg School Division]], [[St. James-Assiniboia School Division]], [[Pembina Trails School Division]], [[Seven Oaks School Division]], [[Franco-manitoban School Division|Division Scolaire Franco-Manitobaine]], [[River East Transcona School Division]], and [[Louis Riel School Division]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/schooldivmap.html|title=Manitoba School Divisions and Districts|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413022129/http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/schooldivmap.html|archivedate=13 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Winnipeg also has several religious and secular private schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/funded/index.html|title=Funded Independent Schools|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=10 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331145435/http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/funded/index.html|archivedate=31 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/non_fund_ind.html|title=Non-Funded Independent Schools|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61Fpvm4AD?url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/non_fund_ind.html|archivedate=27 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[University of Manitoba]] is the largest university in Manitoba.<ref name=um>{{cite web|url=http://umanitoba.ca/about/numbers_notes/|title=Quick Facts|publisher=University of Manitoba|accessdate=17 July 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605000606/http://umanitoba.ca/about/numbers_notes/|archivedate=5 June 2009}}</ref> It was founded in 1877, making it Western Canada's first university.<ref name=um/> In a typical year, the university has 26,500 undergraduate students and 3,800 graduate students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://umanitoba.ca/about/quick_facts/by_the_numbers.html|title=By the numbers|publisher=University of Manitoba|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> [[Université de Saint-Boniface]] is the city's only [[French-language]] university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/|title=Université de Saint-Boniface|publisher=Université de Saint-Boniface|accessdate=27 February 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103165904/http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/|archivedate=3 January 2014}}</ref> The [[University of Winnipeg]] received its charter in 1967.<ref name=uw>{{cite web|url=http://uwinnipeg.ca/index/future-about-history|title=The History of the University of Winnipeg|date=21 February 2006|publisher=University of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901101238/http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/index/future-about-history|archivedate=1 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Until 2007, it was an [[undergraduate education|undergraduate]] institution that offered some joint graduate studies programs; it now offers independent [[graduate school|graduate programs]].<ref name=uw/> The [[Canadian Mennonite University]] is a private [[Mennonite]] undergraduate university established in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmu.ca/about.php?s=cmu&p=mission|title=About CMU|publisher=Canadian Mennonite University|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428094233/http://www.cmu.ca/about.php?s=cmu&p=mission|archivedate=28 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Winnipeg also has two independent colleges: [[Red River College Polytechnic]] and [[Booth University College]]. Red River College offers diploma, certificate, and apprenticeship programs and, starting in 2009, began offering some degree programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rrc.mb.ca/files/file/researchplan/annual/20092010AcademicAnnRptcolourforWeb_FINAL_Feb242011.pdf|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Red River College|title=Academic Annual Report|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305093843/http://www.rrc.mb.ca/files/file/researchplan/annual/20092010AcademicAnnRptcolourforWeb_FINAL_Feb242011.pdf|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Booth University College is a private Christian [[Salvation Army]] university college established in 1982. It offers mostly arts and [[seminary]] training.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boothuc.ca/about/|accessdate=28 April 2018|publisher=Booth University College|title=Our Story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428104138/https://www.boothuc.ca/about/|archivedate=28 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boothuc.ca/academics|title=Academics|publisher=Booth University College|accessdate=28 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122152105/https://www.boothuc.ca/academics/|archivedate=22 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{Main|Transport in Winnipeg}}
Winnipeg has had public transit since 1882, starting with [[horsecar|horse-drawn streetcars]].<ref name="horse">{{cite journal|last=Bradley|first=Walter|date=1958–1959|title=A History of Transportation in Winnipeg|journal=MHS Transactions |series=Third Series|issue=15|url=http://mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/transportation.shtml}}</ref> They were replaced by [[electric tram|electric trolley cars]]. The trolley cars ran from 1892 to 1955, supplemented by motor [[bus]]es after 1918, and electric [[trolleybus]]es from 1938 to 1970.<ref name="horse"/> [[Winnipeg Transit]] now runs diesel buses on [[List of Winnipeg bus routes|its routes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myride.winnipegtransit.com/en/inside-transit/interestingtransitfacts/|title=Interesting Transit Facts|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310023357/http://winnipegtransit.com/en/about-us/interestingtransitfacts|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Union Station Winnipeg - Main St entrance.jpg|thumb|left|[[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Union Station]] is the [[intercity rail|inter-city]] [[railway station]] for the city.]]
Winnipeg is a railway hub and is served by [[Via Rail]] at [[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Union Station]] for passenger rail, and [[Canadian National Railway]], [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba]], and the [[Central Manitoba Railway]] for [[Rail freight transport|freight rail]]. It is the only major city between Vancouver and [[Thunder Bay]] with direct US connections by rail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827123009/http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf|archivedate=27 August 2010|title=Rail transportation|publisher=Destination Winnipeg|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>
Winnipeg is the largest and best connected city within Manitoba, and has highways leading in all directions from the city. To the south, Winnipeg is connected to the United States via [[Manitoba Highway 75|Provincial Trunk Highway 75 (PTH 75)]] (a continuation of [[Interstate 29|I-29]] and [[U.S. Route 75|US 75]], known as Pembina Highway or [[Winnipeg Route 42|Route 42]] within Winnipeg). The highway runs {{convert|107|km|abbr=on}} to [[Emerson, Manitoba]], and is the busiest [[Canada–United States border]] crossing on the Prairies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html |title = North American Inland Ports |publisher = NAIPN |accessdate=24 February 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061121153421/http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html |archivedate = 21 November 2006}}</ref> The four-lane [[Perimeter Highway (Winnipeg)|Perimeter Highway]], built in 1969, serves as a [[beltway|Ring Road]], with [[at-grade intersection]]s and a few [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s. It allows travellers on the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] to bypass the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design|format=PDF|title=Winnipeg's perimeter highway: "Disaster by design"|publisher=FCPP|accessdate=8 November 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310213006/http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design|archivedate=10 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Trans-Canada Highway]] runs east to west through the city (city route), or circles around the city on the Perimeter Highway (beltway). Some of the city's major arterial roads include [[Winnipeg Route 80|Route 80 (Waverley St.)]], [[Winnipeg Route 155|Route 155 (McGillivray Blvd)]], [[Winnipeg Route 165|Route 165 (Bishop Grandin Blvd.)]], [[Winnipeg Route 17|Route 17 (Chief Peguis Trail)]], and [[Winnipeg Route 90|Route 90 (Brookside Blvd., Oak Point Hwy., King Edward St., Century St., Kenaston Blvd.)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TMPConsultationPanels.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120201710/http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TMPConsultationPanels.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=20 January 2012|date=2 November 2011|title=Winnipeg Transportation Master Plan|publisher=City of Winnipeg}}</ref>
[[File:Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg|thumb|[[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] is the only commercial [[international airport]] in the province.]]
The [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] completed a $585-million redevelopment in October 2011. The development brought a new terminal, a four-level parking facility, and other infrastructure improvements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff|work=Winnipeg Sun|author=Halstead, Jason|date=28 October 2011|title=Winnipeg's James A. Richardson International Airport ready for takeoff|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121214342/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff|archivedate=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Winnipeg Bus Terminal]], at Winnipeg International Airport, previously served by [[Greyhound Canada]] (through its subsidiary [[Grey Goose Bus Lines]]), Winnipeg Shuttle Service and Brandon Air Shuttle. Since Greyhound's exit from Western Canada, very few remaining routes still serve the terminal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183|title=Greyhound Canada plans move into new Winnipeg facility|date=9 June 2008|work=Daily Commercial News|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708221529/http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183|archivedate=8 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Approximately {{convert|20000|acre|abbr=on|order=flip}} of land to the north and west of the airport has been designated as an [[inland port]], [[CentrePort Canada]], and is Canada's first [[Foreign Trade Zone]]. It is a private sector initiative to develop the infrastructure for Manitoba's trucking, air, rail and sea industries.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html|title = CentrePort Canada |publisher=CentrePort Canada Inc|accessdate=4 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628065308/http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html |archivedate=28 June 2010}}</ref> In 2009, construction began on a $212-million four-lane freeway to connect CentrePort with the Perimeter Highway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html|title=Inland port's potential touted|work=Winnipeg Free Press|author=Cash, Martin|date=8 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215113200/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html|archivedate=15 December 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Named CentrePort Canada Way, it opened in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cash|first=Martin|date=22 November 2013|title=PM Harper officially opens CentrePort Canada Way highway|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105063859/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html|archivedate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
Several taxi companies serve Winnipeg, the largest being Unicity, Duffy's Taxi and Spring Taxi. Ride sharing was legalized in March 2018 and several services including TappCar and Cowboy Taxi operate in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921|publisher=CBC|title=Two rides and a missing cowboy: CBC tries out new ride-hailing apps|date=2 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724191325/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921|archivedate=24 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Cycling is popular in Winnipeg, and there are many bicycle trails and lanes around the city. Winnipeg holds an annual [[Bike-to-Work Day]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike+to+work+day+hits+winnipeg+streets/6442666475/story.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050235/http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike%2Bto%2Bwork%2Bday%2Bhits%2Bwinnipeg%2Bstreets/6442666475/story.html |archivedate=20 January 2013 |title=Bike to Work Day hits Winnipeg streets |publisher=Global Winnipeg |date=22 June 2012 |author=Batchelor, Megan |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Cyclovia]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Kives |first=Bartley |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html |title=Cyclovia coming to downtown |work=Winnipeg Free Press |date=21 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303060119/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html |archivedate=3 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and bicycle commuters may be seen year-round, even in the winter. Active living infrastructure in Winnipeg includes [[bike lanes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm|title=Bike Lanes|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=30 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050306/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Shared lane marking|sharrows]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm|title=Sharrows Usage Guidelines|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=30 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050356/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Medical centres and hospitals===
{{See also|List of hospitals in Manitoba}}
Winnipeg's major hospitals include [[Health Sciences Centre (Winnipeg)|Health Sciences Centre]], [[Concordia Hospital]], [[Deer Lodge Centre]], [[Grace Hospital (Winnipeg)|Grace Hospital]], [[St. Boniface General Hospital (Winnipeg)|Saint Boniface General Hospital]], [[Seven Oaks General Hospital]], [[Victoria General Hospital (Winnipeg)|Victoria General Hospital]], and [[The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php|title=WRHA Hospitals & Facilities|publisher=Winnipeg Regional Health Authority|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503071113/http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php|archivedate=3 May 2009}}</ref>
The [[National Microbiology Laboratory]] in Winnipeg is one of only a handful of [[biosafety level]] 4 microbiology laboratories in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm|title=NML Overview|publisher=Public Health Agency of Canada|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612232528/http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm|archivedate=12 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The NML houses laboratories of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease collocated in the same facility. Research facilities are also operated through hospitals and private biotechnology companies in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Economic Development Winnipeg|title=Winnipeg Life Sciences|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022557/http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf|archivedate=3 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/|publisher=Manitoba Health Research Council|title=Working together|accessdate=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629213042/http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/|archivedate=29 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
===Utilities===
Water and sewage services are provided by the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water and Waste Department|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228173928/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/|archivedate=28 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city draws its water via an [[Greater Winnipeg Water District Aqueduct|aqueduct]] from [[Shoal Lake (Kenora District, Ontario)|Shoal Lake]], treating and [[water fluoridation|fluoridating]] it at the Deacon Reservoir just outside the city prior to pumping it into the Winnipeg system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water treatment program|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075800/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city's system has over {{convert|2500|km|abbr=on}} of underground water mains, which are subject to breakage during extreme weather conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water main breaks|accessdate=3 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303080332/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Electricity]] and [[natural gas]] are provided by [[Manitoba Hydro]], a provincial [[crown corporation]] headquartered in the city; it uses primarily [[hydroelectric]] power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Manitoba Hydro|title=About Us|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075516/https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The primary telecommunications carrier is [[Bell MTS]], although other corporations offer telephone, cellular, television and internet services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bce-buys-manitoba-telecom-1.3561982|publisher=CBC News|title=BCE to buy Manitoba Telecom in friendly deal work $3.9B|last=Evans|first=Pete|date=2 May 2016}}</ref>
Winnipeg contracts out several services to private companies, including garbage and recycling collection and street plowing and snow removal. This practice represents a significant budget expenditure. The services have faced numerous complaints from residents about missed service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipegsun.com/2016/10/12/epc-approves-new-garbage-contracts|newspaper=Winnipeg Sun|title=EPC approves new garbage contracts|last=Pursaga|first=Joyanne|date=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fcpp.org/2017/11/30/winnipeg-must-scrap-recycling-rfp/|publisher=Frontier Centre for Public Policy|title=Winnipeg Should Scrap Recycling RFP|last=Harding|first=Lee|date=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/city-could-save-3m-if-public-employees-removed-snow-cupe-1.3286005|publisher=CBC News|date=23 October 2015|title=City could save $3M if public employees removed snow: CUPE}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.winnipeg.ca/enwiki/w/58m2-dsq9/_variation_?cur=oEgt4p1Hh0O&from=root|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Visualized 311 Service Requests|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref>
==Military==
{{See also|CFB Winnipeg}}
[[File:CFB Winnipeg 17 Wing sign.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Entrance to [[CFB Winnipeg]]. CFB Winnipeg is the home garrison for a number of [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] units.]]
[[CFB Winnipeg|Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg]], co-located at the [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|airport]], is home to many flight operations support divisions and several training schools. It is also the headquarters of [[1 Canadian Air Division]] and the Canadian [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] (NORAD) Region,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=121|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192508/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=121|archivedate=9 June 2011|title=NORAD|date=23 March 2000|publisher=Department of Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> as well as the home base of 17 Wing of the [[Canadian Forces]]. The Wing comprises three squadrons and six schools; it also provides support to the Central Flying School.<ref name="17 Wing">{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=1141|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609150038/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=1141|archivedate=9 June 2011|title=17 Wing Consolidation Project at CFB Winnipeg|date=11 July 2003|publisher=Department of Defence}}</ref> Excluding the three levels of government, 17 Wing is the fourth largest employer in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=208|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611183400/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=208|archivedate=11 June 2011|title=Community|publisher=National Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> The Wing supports 113 units, stretching from [[Thunder Bay]] to the [[Saskatchewan]]–[[Alberta]] border, and from the [[49th parallel north|49th parallel]] to the high [[Arctic]].<ref name="17 Wing"/> 17 Wing also acts as a deployed operating base for [[CF-18 Hornet]] [[Ground-attack aircraft|fighter-bombers]] assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region.<ref name="17 Wing"/>
There are two squadrons based in the city. The [[No. 402 Squadron RCAF|402 "City of Winnipeg" Squadron]] flies the Canadian-designed and produced de Havilland [[de Havilland Canada Dash 8|CT-142 Dash 8]] navigation trainer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=205|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315135049/http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=205|archivedate=15 March 2012|title=History|publisher=National Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> The [[435 Transport and Rescue Squadron|435 "Chinthe" Transport and Rescue Squadron]] flies the Lockheed [[C-130 Hercules|CC-130 Hercules]] in airlift [[search and rescue]] roles.<ref name="chinte">{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/sqns-escs/page-eng.asp?id=412|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206151431/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/sqns-escs/page-eng.asp?id=412|archivedate=6 December 2010|title=General Information|publisher=National Defence|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> In addition, 435 Squadron is the only [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] squadron equipped and trained to conduct tactical [[Aerial refueling|air-to-air refuelling]] of [[fighter aircraft]].<ref name="chinte"/>
There are several units of the Canadian Army Primary Reserve based in Winnipeg. These include The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada, 38 Service Battalion, 38 Combat Engineer Regiment, 38 Signal Regiment, and The Fort Garry Horse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/reserve/index.page|title=Canadian Army Reserve|publisher=Canadian Army|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref> [[HMCS Chippawa]] is a Royal Canadian Navy reserve division in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forces.ca/en/units/182/|title=HMCS Chippawa|publisher=The Canadian Armed Forces|accessdate=14 February 2021}}</ref>
For many years, Winnipeg was the home of the Second Battalion of [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]]. Initially, the battalion was based at the Fort Osborne Barracks, now the location of the Rady Jewish Community Centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/prov/p089.html|title=Explore Our Heritage – Provincial Heritage Sites|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=5 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222001323/http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/prov/p089.html|archivedate=22 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> They eventually moved to the Kapyong Barracks between [[River Heights, Winnipeg|River Heights]] and [[Tuxedo, Winnipeg|Tuxedo]]. Since 2004, the battalion has operated out of [[CFB Shilo]] near [[Brandon, Manitoba|Brandon]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-mayor-wants-negotiations-in-kapyong-barracks-dispute-1.2516058|publisher=CBC|title=Winnipeg mayor wants negotiations in Kapyong Barracks dispute|date=29 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309015903/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-mayor-wants-negotiations-in-kapyong-barracks-dispute-1.2516058|archivedate=9 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{portal|border=no|Canada}}
* [[List of people from Winnipeg]]
* [[Municipal waste management in Winnipeg]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/books/mrs05.pdf|title=Gateway City: Documents on the City of Winnipeg 1873–1913|last=Artibise|first=Alan F. J.|publisher=Manitoba Record Society Publications|volume=V|year=1979|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last = Hamilton |first =John David |year =1998 |title =A Winnipeg album: glimpses of the way we were|publisher=Hounslow Press |isbn=0-88882-204-9|ref=non}}
* {{cite book |last = Friesen |first =Gerald |year =2009 |title =Prairie metropolis: new essays on Winnipeg social history |publisher= University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-713-2|ref=none}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* {{official|http://www.winnipeg.ca/}}
* {{commons-inline}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}
{{Winnipeg}}
{{Navboxes|list1={{Canada capitals}}
{{Manitoba}}
{{MBDivision11}}
{{Geographic location
| Centre =Winnipeg
| Northwest = [[Rural Municipality of Rosser|Rosser]]
| North = [[Rural Municipality of West St. Paul|West St. Paul]]
| Northeast = [[Rural Municipality of East St. Paul|East St. Paul]]
| East = [[Rural Municipality of Springfield|Springfield]]
| Southeast = [[Rural Municipality of Ritchot|Ritchot]]
| South =
| Southwest = [[Rural Municipality of Macdonald|Macdonald]]
| West = [[Rural Municipality of Headingley|Headingley]]
}}
{{Census metropolitan areas by size}}{{Pan American Games host cities}}}}
{{Authority control|MBAREA=}}
[[Category:Winnipeg| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Manitoba]]
[[Category:District of Keewatin]]
[[Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1738]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,183 +1,4 @@
-{{Short description|Capital city of Manitoba, Canada}}
-{{about|the Canadian city|other uses|Winnipeg (disambiguation)}}
-{{Redirect|Winnipegger|the former passenger rail service|Winnipeger}}
-{{featured article}}
-{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}
-{{Infobox settlement
-| name = Winnipeg
-| official_name = City of Winnipeg
-| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Manitoba|City]]
-| image_skyline = {{multiple image
-| border = infobox
-| total_width = 275
-| perrow = 1/2/2/1
-| image1 = CMHR and Winnipeg Downtown (wide aspect).png
-| alt1 = Canadian Museum of Human Rights
-| image2 = UofW.JPG
-| alt2 = University of Winnipeg
-| image3 = Richardson Building.jpg
-| alt3 = Intersection of Portage and Main in downtown
-| image4 = ST. BONIFACE CATHEDRAL 05.jpg
-| alt4 = St. Boniface Cathedral
-| image5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge (38395565385).jpg
-| alt5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge
-| image6 = Manitoba Legislative building exterior (J) (cropped).jpg
-| alt6 = Manitoba Legislative building
-}}
-| imagesize = 275px
-| image_caption = From top, left to right: Winnipeg panorama featuring the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]], Wesley Hall at the [[University of Winnipeg]], [[Downtown Winnipeg]], [[Saint Boniface Cathedral]], [[Esplanade Riel|Esplanade Riel bridge]], and the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]]
-| image_flag = Flag of Winnipeg fair.svg
-| image_seal =
-| image_shield = Crest of Winnipeg fair.svg
-| image_blank_emblem = Flag of Winnipeg (logo version).svg
-| blank_emblem_type = Logo
-| nickname = [[List of city nicknames in Canada#Manitoba|"Winterpeg"]]
-| motto = ''Unum Cum Virtute Multorum''<br />{{small|(One with the Strength of Many)}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Municipal Manual|year=2007|page=16|publisher=City of Winnipeg|url=https://winnipeg.ca/clerks/pdfs/2007MunicipalManual.pdf}}</ref>
-| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Winnipeg|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
-| map_caption = Interactive map of Winnipeg
-| coordinates = {{coord|49|53|4|N|97|8|47|W|region:CA-MB|display=inline,title}}
-| subdivision_type = Country
-| subdivision_name = Canada
-| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
-| subdivision_name1 = [[Manitoba]]
-| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Canada|Region]]
-| subdivision_name2 = [[Winnipeg Metropolitan Region]]
-|established_title = Incorporated
-| established_date = 1873
-| leader_title1 = Mayor
-| leader_name1 = [[Brian Bowman (politician)|Brian Bowman]]
-| leader_title2 = Governing body
-| leader_name2 = [[Winnipeg City Council]]
-| unit_pref = Metric
-| area_footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census subdivision of Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303104523/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census metropolitan area of Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303093130/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
-| area_total_km2 =
-| area_land_km2 = 461.78
-| area_metro_km2 = 5285.46
-| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=normals/>
-| elevation_m = 239
-<!-- Population ----------------------->| population_footnotes =
-| population_total = 749,607 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|6th]])
-| population_as_of = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]<ref name="2021Census">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census Winnipeg Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021A00054611040 |website=[[Census Canada]] |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name=2021Metrocensus>{{cite web |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census Winnipeg Metropolitan Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021S0503602 |website= [[Census Canada]] |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref>
-| population_density_km2 = 1430
-| population_urban = 758,515 ([[List of the largest population centres in Canada|6th]])
-| population_density_urban_km2 = 1429
-| population_metro = 834,678 ([[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|8th]])
-| population_density_metro_km2 = 157.90
-| population_demonym = Winnipegger
-<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]
-| utc_offset = −6
-| timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|accessdate=3 March 2014|title=Winnipeg|publisher=The World Clock|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209123719/http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|archivedate=9 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
-| utc_offset_DST = −5
-<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]]
-| area_code = [[Area codes 204 and 431|204 and 431]]
-| website = {{URL|https://www.winnipeg.ca}}
-}}
-
-'''Winnipeg''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Winnipeg.ogg|ˈ|w|ɪ|n|ᵻ|p|ɛ|ɡ}}) is the capital and largest city of the province of [[Manitoba]] in Canada. It is centred on the [[confluence]] of the [[Red River of the North|Red]] and [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] rivers, near the [[Longitude|longitudinal centre]] of North America. {{As of|2021}}, Winnipeg had a city population of 749,607 and a metropolitan population of 834,678, making it the [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|sixth-largest]] city, and [[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|eighth-largest]] metropolitan area in Canada.<ref name=2021Metrocensus/>
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-The city is named after the nearby [[Lake Winnipeg]]; the name comes from the [[Cree language|Western Cree]] words for muddy water. The region was a trading centre for [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous peoples]] long before the arrival of Europeans; it is the traditional territory of the Anishinabe (Ojibway), Ininew (Cree), Oji-Cree, Dene, and Dakota, and is the birthplace of the [[Métis people in Canada|Métis Nation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipeg.ca/indigenous/pdfs/CoW-Indigenous-Accord.pdf|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Winnipeg's Indigenous Accord|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref> French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738. A settlement was later founded by the [[Red River Colony|Selkirk settlers]] of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. Being far inland, the [[#Climate|local climate]] is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January highs of around {{convert|-11|C}} and average July highs of {{convert|26|C}}.
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-Known as the "Gateway to the West", Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy. This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals, including the [[Festival du Voyageur]], the [[Winnipeg Folk Festival]], the [[Jazz Winnipeg Festival]], the [[Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival]], and [[Folklorama]]. In [[1967 Pan American Games|1967]], Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the [[Pan American Games]]. It is home to several professional sports franchises, including the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] ([[Canadian football]]), the [[Winnipeg Jets]] ([[ice hockey]]), [[Manitoba Moose]] (ice hockey), [[Valour FC]] ([[soccer]]), and the [[Winnipeg Goldeyes]] ([[baseball]]).
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-== Etymology ==
-Winnipeg is named after nearby [[Lake Winnipeg]], 65 km north of the city. English explorer [[Henry Kelsey]] may have been the first European to see the lake in 1690, and he adopted the [[Cree language|Cree]] and [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] name ''win-nipi'' (also transcribed ''win-nipiy'' or ''ouenpig'') meaning "murky water" or "muddy water"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ham|first=Penny|title=Place Names of Manitoba|publisher=Western Producer Prairie Books|year=1980|isbn=9780888330673|page=138}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Canadian Oxford Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-541816-6|editor-last=Barber|editor-first=Katherine|chapter=Winnipeg, Lake}}</ref><ref name=boyens>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=The Encyclopedia of Manitoba|publisher=Great Plains Publications|year=2007|isbn=978-1-894-283-71-7|editor-last=Boyens|editor-first=Ingeborg|pages=383, 744}}</ref> (modern {{Lang-cr|wīnipēk, ᐑᓂᐯᐠ}}). French-Canadian fur trader [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|La Vérendrye]] referred to the lake as {{Lang-fr|Lac Gouinipique|label=none}} or {{Lang-fr|Ouinipigon|label=none}} when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bellin|first=M.|title=Remarques sur la Carte de l'Amérique Septentrionale|publisher=Didot|year=1755|page=73}}</ref> Local newspaper ''The Nor'-Wester'' included the name on its masthead on February 24, 1866, and the city was incorporated by that name under legislation by the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|Manitoba Assembly]] in 1873.<ref name=boyens />
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-== History ==
-{{Further|History of Winnipeg|Timeline of Winnipeg history}}
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-=== Early history ===
-Winnipeg lies at the [[confluence]] of the [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] and the [[Red River Valley|Red River of the North]], a location now known as "[[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]]". This point was at the crossroads of [[canoe]] routes travelled by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] before European contact.<ref name="forkshistory">{{cite web |url = http://www.theforks.com/history |title = History |publisher = The Forks |accessdate = 4 November 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080930222840/http://www.theforks.com/history |archivedate = 30 September 2008 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Evidence provided by archaeology, [[petroglyph]]s, [[rock art]] and oral history indicates that native peoples used the area in prehistoric times for camping, harvesting, hunting, tool making, fishing, trading and, farther north, for agriculture.<ref name="harris">{{cite book|editor-last=Harris|editor-first=R. Cole|others=Cartography & design by Geoffrey J. Matthews|title=Historical Atlas of Canada|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1993|volume=I: From the Beginning to 1800|isbn=0-8020-2495-5|pages=1–6}}</ref>
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-Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area range from 11,500 years ago for a site southwest of the present city to 6,000 years ago at The Forks.<ref name=ce/><ref>{{cite journal|date=Spring 1990|issue=19|title=Glacial Lake Agassiz|journal=Manitoba History|last=Buckner|first=Anthony|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/19/lakeagassiz.shtml}}</ref> In 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions.<ref>{{cite book|title=The geography of Manitoba|year=1996|publisher=University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-375-2|page=80|editor-last1=Welsted|editor-first1=John|editor-last2=Everitt|editor-first2=John|editor-last3=Stadel|editor-first3=Christoph}}</ref> The rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the [[Missouri River|Missouri]] and [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] rivers. The [[Ojibwe]] made some of the first maps on [[birch bark]], which helped [[fur trade]]rs navigate the waterways of the area.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=G Malcolm|title=Cartographic encounters: perspectives on Native American mapmaking and map use|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1998|page=12|isbn=9780226476940}}</ref>
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-[[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|Sieur de La Vérendrye]] built the first fur [[trading post]] on the site in 1738, called [[Fort Rouge (fortification)|Fort Rouge]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Champagne |first=Antoine |date=1968–1969 |title=The Vérendryes and Their Successors, 1727–1760 |journal=MHS Transactions |issue=25 |series=Third Series|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/verendryes.shtml}}</ref> French trading continued at this site for several decades before the arrival of the British [[Hudson's Bay Company]] after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the [[Seven Years' War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/mb/forks/natcul/contact.aspx |author=[[Parks Canada]] |title=The Forks National Historic Site of Canada |accessdate=5 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605103021/http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/mb/forks/natcul/contact.aspx |archivedate=5 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many French men who were trappers [[Marriage 'à la façon du pays'|married First Nations women]]; their mixed-race children hunted, traded, and lived in the area. Their descendents are known as the [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lussier |first=AS |date=Spring 1978 |title=The Metis: Contemporary Problem of Identity |journal=Manitoba Pageant |volume=23 |issue=3 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/23/metisidentity.shtml}}</ref>
-[[File:Rindisbacher fishing 1821 large (1).png|thumb|left|An 1821 painting of winter fishing on the ice of the [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] and [[Red River of the North|Red]] rivers. [[Fort Gibraltar]] was erected in 1809.]]
-[[Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk|Lord Selkirk]] was involved with the first permanent settlement (known as the [[Red River Colony]]), the purchase of land from the Hudson's Bay Company, and a survey of river lots in the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Thomas Douglas |encyclopedia=Dictionary of Canadian Biography V |year=2000 |publisher=University of Toronto |pages=264–269 }}</ref> The [[North West Company]] built [[Fort Gibraltar]] in 1809, and the Hudson's Bay Company built [[Fort Douglas (Canada)|Fort Douglas]] in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite journal |title=A Brief Chronology of Events Relative to Lord Selkirk's Settlement at Red River – 1811 to 1815 |last=Brown |first=Alice E |journal=Manitoba Pageant |date=April 1962 |volume=7 |issue=3 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/07/selkirkchronology.shtml}}</ref> The two companies competed fiercely over trade.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bumstead |first=JM |title=Fur Trade Wars: the founding of Western Canada |publisher=Great Plains Publications |year=1999 |isbn=1-894283-03-1 }}</ref> The Métis and Lord Selkirk's settlers fought at the [[Battle of Seven Oaks]] in 1816. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies merged, ending their long rivalry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPCONTENTSE1EP6CH5PA3LE.html |title=Battle at Seven Oaks |accessdate=4 March 2014 |publisher=CBC |work=Canada: A People's History |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619210110/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPCONTENTSE1EP6CH5PA3LE.html |archivedate=19 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fort Gibraltar was renamed [[Fort Garry]] in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudson's Bay Company.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web |title=Manitoba Time Line |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/features/timeline.shtml |publisher=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526054241/http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/features/timeline.shtml |archivedate=26 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> A flood destroyed the fort in 1826 and it was not rebuilt until 1835.<ref name="timeline"/> A rebuilt section of the fort, consisting of the front gate and a section of the wall, is near the modern-day corner of Main Street and Broadway in downtown Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com/vignettes/vignettes_128W.htm |title=Greater Winnipeg: Upper Fort Garry Gate |publisher=Virtual Heritage Winnipeg |accessdate=16 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207082855/http://www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com/vignettes/vignettes_128W.htm |archivedate=7 December 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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-In 1869–70, present-day Winnipeg was the site of the [[Red River Rebellion]], a conflict between the local provisional government of Métis, led by [[Louis Riel]], and newcomers from eastern Canada. General [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Garnet Wolseley]] was sent to put down the uprising. The [[Manitoba Act]] of 1870 made Manitoba the [[provinces and territories of Canada|fifth province]] of the three-year-old [[Canadian Confederation]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayes |first=Derek |title=Historical Atlas of Canada |publisher=D&M Adult |year=2006 |pages=213–214 |isbn=1-55365-077-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sprague |first=DN |title=Canada and the Métis, 1869–1885 |publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press |year=1988 |pages=33–67, 89–129 |isbn=978-0-88920-964-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=David |last2=Tyler |first2=Grant |title=Canadian campaigns 1860–70 |year=1992 |publisher=Osprey |isbn=978-1-85532-226-4 |pages=36–39 }}</ref> [[Treaty 1]], which encompassed the city and much of the surrounding area, was signed on 3 August 1871 by representatives of the Crown and local Indigenous groups, comprising the Brokenhead Ojibway, Sagkeeng, Long Plain, Peguis, Roseau River Anishinabe, Sandy Bay and Swan Lake communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.winnipegvitalsigns.org/vital-information/treaty-1/|title=Treaty 1|work=Winnipeg's Vital Signs|accessdate=31 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901080453/https://www.winnipegvitalsigns.org/vital-information/treaty-1/|archivedate=1 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 November 1873, Winnipeg was incorporated as a city, with the Selkirk settlement as its nucleus.<ref name="Winnipeg's History">{{cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/HistoricalProfile.stm |title=History of Winnipeg: Historical Profile |publisher=City of Winnipeg |accessdate=8 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819075903/http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/HistoricalProfile.stm |archivedate=19 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Métis legislator and interpreter [[James McKay (fur trader)|James McKay]] named the city.<ref name="mckaysidea">{{cite news |title=Who Named the North-Land? |work=[[Manitoba Free Press]] |date=19 August 1876 |page=3 }}</ref> Winnipeg's mandate was to govern and provide municipal services to citizens attracted to trade expansion between [[Fort Garry|Upper Fort Garry]] / [[Lower Fort Garry]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://winnipeginfocus.winnipeg.ca/city-of-winnipeg-1874-1971-2|title=Winnipeg (Man.) |website=Winnipeg in Focus|accessdate=3 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055309/http://winnipeginfocus.winnipeg.ca/city-of-winnipeg-1874-1971-2|archivedate=4 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
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-Winnipeg developed rapidly after the coming of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] in 1881.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/business/cpr.shtml |title=MHS Centennial Business: Canadian Pacific Railway Company |publisher=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=16 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829085939/http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/business/cpr.shtml |archivedate=29 August 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The railway divided the North End, which housed mainly Eastern Europeans, from the richer Anglo-Saxon southern part of the city.<ref name="ce"/> It also contributed to a demographic shift beginning shortly after Confederation that saw the francophone population decrease from a majority to a small minority group. This shift resulted in Premier [[Thomas Greenway]] controversially ending legislative bilingualism and [[Manitoba Schools Question|removing funding for French Catholic Schools]] in 1890.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Exclusive/Articles/Controversy-and-Compromise-over-the-Manitoba-Schoo |work=Canada's History |title=Controversy and compromise over the Manitoba Schools Question |accessdate=26 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527213333/http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Exclusive/Articles/Controversy-and-Compromise-over-the-Manitoba-Schoo |archivedate=27 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
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-===Modern history (1900–present)===
-By 1911, Winnipeg was Canada's third-largest city.<ref name="ce"/> However, the city faced financial difficulty when the [[Panama Canal]] opened in 1914.<ref>{{cite news |title=The heart of the continent? |last=Silicz |first=Michael |date=10 September 2008 |work=[[The Manitoban]]}}</ref> The canal reduced reliance on Canada's rail system for international trade; the increase in shipping traffic helped [[Vancouver]] to surpass Winnipeg in both prosperity and population by the end of [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hiller |first=Harry |title=Second promised land: migration to Alberta and the transformation of Canadian society |year=2009 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=978-0-7735-3517-6 |pages=33–34}}</ref>
-[[File:WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg|thumb|Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the [[Winnipeg General Strike]] in 1919]]
-More than 30,000 workers walked off their jobs in May 1919 in what came to be known as the [[Winnipeg general strike]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH3PA2LE.html|work=Canada: A People's History|title=The Winnipeg General Strike|publisher=CBC|accessdate=4 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918033647/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH3PA2LE.html|archivedate=18 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The strike was a product of postwar recession, labour conditions, the activity of union organizers and a large influx of returning World War I soldiers seeking work.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bothwell|first1=Robert|last2=Drummond|first2=Ian|last3=English|first3=John|title=Canada, 1900–1945|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1990|page=165|isbn=0-8020-6801-4}}</ref> After many arrests, deportations, and incidents of violence, the strike ended on 21 June 1919 when the [[Riot Act]] was read and a group of [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] officers charged a group of strikers.<ref name="bloody">{{cite web|url=http://curio.ca/en/bloody-saturday-the-winnipeg-general-strike/1106|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209071531/http://curio.ca/en/bloody-saturday-the-winnipeg-general-strike/1106|archivedate=9 February 2014|title=Bloody Saturday|publisher=CBC|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> Two strikers were killed and at least thirty others were injured on the day that became known as ''Bloody Saturday''; the event polarized the population.<ref name="bloody"/> One of the leaders of the strike, [[J. S. Woodsworth]], went on to found Canada's first major socialist party, the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]], which later became the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]].<ref>{{cite book|last=MacInnis|first=Grace|title=J. S. Woodsworth: A Man to Remember|year=1953|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0770511807}}</ref>
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-The [[Manitoba Legislative Building]], constructed mainly of [[Tyndall stone]], opened in 1920; its dome supports a bronze statue finished in gold leaf, titled "Eternal Youth and the Spirit of Enterprise" (commonly known as the "[[Golden Boy (Manitoba)|Golden Boy]]").<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legtour/legbld.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413001158/http://www.gov.mb.ca/legtour/legbld.html|archivedate=13 April 2008|title=The History|work=Legislative Tour|publisher=Province of Manitoba|accessdate=16 July 2009}}</ref> The [[stock market crash of 1929]] and the [[Great Depression]] resulted in widespread unemployment, worsened by drought and low agricultural prices.<ref>{{cite conference|title=The Dirty Thirties in Prairie Canada|conference=11th Western Canadian Studies Conference|editor=Francis, RD |editor2=Ganzevoort, H|publisher=Tantalus Research|year=1980|isbn=0-919478-46-8}}</ref> The Depression ended after the start of [[World War II]] in 1939.<ref name=ce>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/winnipeg/|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Winnipeg|date=11 September 2012|author=Artibise, Alan|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224035342/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/winnipeg/|archivedate=24 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
-[[File:Wfp 1942.jpg|thumb|left|In 1942, the Canadian Victory Loan campaign [[If Day|simulated]] a [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] occupation of the city to raise [[war bonds]].]]
-In the [[Battle of Hong Kong]], [[The Winnipeg Grenadiers]] were among the first Canadians to engage in combat against Japan. Battalion members who survived combat were taken prisoner and endured brutal treatment in [[prisoner of war]] camps.<ref name="Vance1994">{{cite book|author=Vance, Jonathan|title=Objects of concern: Canadian prisoners of war through the twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L32wsAE2EcAC&pg=PA183|year=1994|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-0504-9|page=183}}</ref> In 1942, the Victory Loan Campaign staged a [[If Day|mock Nazi invasion]] of Winnipeg to promote awareness of the stakes of the war in Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Maclean's]] |author=Burch, Ted|date=10 September 1960|title=The day the Nazis took over Winnipeg|pages=46–47|url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1960/9/10/the-day-the-nazis-took-over-winnipeg}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|title=If|page=1|author=Groom, Kick|date=5 January 1985}}</ref> When the war ended, pent-up demand generated a boom in housing development, although building activity was checked by the [[1950 Red River flood]].<ref name="flood">{{cite journal|last=Hurst|first=William D|date=1955–1956|title=The Red River Flood of 1950|journal=MHS Transactions |series =Third Series|issue=12|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/flood1950.shtml}}</ref> The federal government estimated damage at over $26 million, although the province indicated that it was at least double that.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bumsted|first=JM|title=The Manitoba Royal Commission on Flood Cost Benefit and the Origins of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Canada|journal=American Review of Canadian Studies|date=March 2002 |volume=32|issue=1 |pages=97–121 |doi=10.1080/02722010209481659}}</ref> The damage caused by the flood led then-Premier [[Dufferin Roblin|Duff Roblin]] to advocate for the construction of the [[Red River Floodway]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Haque, C Emdad|date=May 2000|title=Risk Assessment, Emergency Preparedness and Response to Hazards: The Case of the 1997 Red River Valley Flood, Canada|journal=Natural Hazards|volume=21|issue=2|pages=226–237|doi=10.1023/a:1008108208545}}</ref>
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-Before 1972, Winnipeg was the largest of thirteen cities and towns in a metropolitan area around the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. In 1960, the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg was established to co-ordinate service delivery in the metropolitan region.<ref name=":0" /> A consolidated metropolitan "[[Amalgamation of Winnipeg|unicity]]" government incorporating Winnipeg and its surrounding municipalities was established on 27 July 1971, taking effect in 1972.<ref name="unicity">{{cite journal|title=The Reform of a Metropolitan Government: The Case of Winnipeg, 1971|author=Lightbody, James|year= 1978|journal=Canadian Public Policy|volume=4|issue=4|pages=489–504|doi=10.2307/3549974|jstor=3549974}}</ref> The [[City of Winnipeg Act]] incorporated the current city.<ref name=ce/> In 2003, the City of Winnipeg Act was repealed and replaced with the City of Winnipeg Charter.<ref name=":0" />
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-Winnipeg experienced a severe economic downturn in advance of the [[early 1980s recession]], during which the city incurred closures of prominent businesses, including the ''[[Winnipeg Tribune]]'', as well as the [[Swift & Company|Swift's]] and [[Canada Packers]] meat packing plants.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/hansard/36th_2nd/vol32a/h032a_3.html |url-status=live| title= Hansard, Volume XLVI No. 32A, Oral Questions | publisher= Manitoba Legislature | date=9 May 1996}}</ref> In 1981, Winnipeg was one of the first cities in Canada to sign a tripartite agreement with the provincial and federal governments to redevelop its downtown area,<ref name="SanctonYoung2009">{{cite book|author1=Sancton, Andrew|author2=Young, Robert Andrew|title=Foundations of governance: municipal government in Canada's provinces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvURRf7mGi4C&pg=PA250|year=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-9650-0|page=250}}</ref> and the three levels of government contributed over $271 million to its development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wd.gc.ca/eng/298.asp|title=Urban Development Agreements|publisher=Western Economic Diversification Canada|accessdate=16 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530222137/http://www.wd.gc.ca/eng/298.asp |archivedate=30 May 2009}}</ref> In 1989, the reclamation and redevelopment of the [[Canadian National Railway|CNR]] [[rail yard]]s turned The Forks into Winnipeg's most popular tourist attraction.<ref name="forkshistory" /><ref name="ce" /> The city was threatened by the [[1997 Red River flood]] as well as further floods in [[2009 Red River flood|2009]] and [[2011 Red River flood|2011]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/flooding/historical_facts.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305020905/https://www.gov.mb.ca/flooding/historical_facts.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|accessdate=4 March 2014|title=Manitoba Flood Facts|publisher=Province of Manitoba}}</ref>
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-==Geography==
-{{Main|Geography and climate of Winnipeg}}
-[[File:2005 Winnipeg Flood.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|Docks at [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]]. The city lies at the bottom of the [[Red River Valley]], a flood plain with a flat topography.]]
-Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the [[Red River Valley]], a flood plain with an extremely flat topography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604201210/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archivedate=4 June 2011 |title=Geomorphology of the Red River|publisher=Natural Resources Canada|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> It is on the eastern edge of the [[Canadian Prairies]] in [[Western Canada]] and is known as the "Gateway to the West".<ref name=ce/> Winnipeg is bordered by [[tallgrass prairie]] to the west and south and the [[aspen parkland]] to the northeast, although most of the native prairie grasses have been removed for agriculture and urbanization.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naturenorth.com/summer/wildlife/wildF.html |title=Manitoba's Tall Grass Prairie Preserve |work=Nature North Zine |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203221253/http://www.naturenorth.com/summer/wildlife/wildF.html |archivedate=3 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is relatively close to many large [[Canadian Shield]] lakes and parks, as well as [[Lake Winnipeg]] ([[List of lakes by area|the Earth's 11th largest freshwater lake]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210173421/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html|archivedate=10 February 2007 |title= Lake Winnipeg |publisher= World Lake Database|accessdate=4 March 2014}}</ref> Winnipeg has North America's largest extant mature urban elm forest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/featured/trees-451332803.html|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|title=The City of Winnipeg's most common tree types, mapped|author=Bruce, Graeme|date=17 October 2017}}</ref> The city has an area of {{convert|464.08|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=area/>
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-Winnipeg has four major rivers: the [[Red River of the North|Red]], [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]], [[La Salle River|La Salle]] and [[Seine River (Manitoba)|Seine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iclr.org/images/Charles_-_Full.pdf|author=Boulet, Charles|title=Basement Flood Risk Reduction: City of Winnipeg|publisher=Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction|accessdate=4 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104639/http://www.iclr.org/images/Charles_-_Full.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The city was subject to severe flooding in the past. The Red River reached its greatest flood height in [[1826 Red River flood|1826]]. Another large flood in [[1950 Red River flood|1950]] caused millions of dollars in damage and mass evacuations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/historical_e.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719121057/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/historical_e.php|archivedate=19 July 2010|title=Historical floods and flood disasters|publisher=Natural Resources Canada|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> This flood prompted [[Dufferin Roblin|Duff Roblin]]'s provincial government to build the [[Red River Floodway]] to protect the city.<ref name=ce/> In the [[1997 Red River flood|1997 flood]], flood control dikes were reinforced and raised using sandbags; Winnipeg suffered limited damage compared to the flood's impact on cities without such structures, such as [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/red-river-rising-manitoba-floods/topic---red-river-rising-manitoba-floods.html|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=CBC|title=Red River Rising: Manitoba floods|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231020409/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/red-river-rising-manitoba-floods/topic---red-river-rising-manitoba-floods.html|archivedate=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The generally flat terrain and the poor drainage of the Red River Valley's clay-based soil also results in many [[mosquito]]es during wetter years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcpp.org/posts/floodway-part-of-war-on-mosquitoes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193229/https://www.fcpp.org/posts/floodway-part-of-war-on-mosquitoes|archivedate=2 April 2015|title=Floodway: part of war on mosquitoes?|date=25 September 2002|publisher=Frontier Centre for Public Policy}}</ref>
-
-===Climate===
-[[File:River River Curling.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Winters are cold with little precipitation in Winnipeg.]]
-Winnipeg's location in the Canadian Prairies gives it a warm-summer [[humid continental climate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=25817&cityname=Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba%2C+Canada&units=|title=Winnipeg, Manitoba Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase|accessdate=27 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211205819/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=25817&cityname=Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba%2C+Canada&units=|archivedate=11 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |publisher=[[University of Melbourne]] |accessdate=8 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |archivedate=3 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> with warm, humid summers, and long, severely cold winters. Summers have a July mean average of {{convert|19.7|C|}}.<ref name=normals>{{cite web | url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=winnipeg&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=3698&dispBack=1 | title= Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data| publisher= Environment Canada | accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> Winters are the coldest time of year, with the January mean average around {{convert|-16.4|C}} and total winter precipitation (December through February) averaging {{convert|55.2|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=normals/> Temperatures occasionally drop below {{convert|-40|C}}.<ref name=normals/>
-
-On average there are 317.8 days per year with measurable sunshine, with July seeing the most on average.<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3698&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=winnipeg_&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=1 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203111003/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3698&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=winnipeg_&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|archivedate=3 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> With 2353 hours of sunshine per year, Winnipeg is the second sunniest city in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/sunniest-cities.php |title=Sunniest City in Canada – Current Results<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=19 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510084431/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/sunniest-cities.php |archivedate=10 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Total annual precipitation (both rain and snow) is just over {{convert|521|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=normals/> Thunderstorms are very common during summer, and sometimes severe enough to produce tornadoes.<ref name="storms">{{cite web|title=Thunderstorms|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/severeweather/thunderstorms.html|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=14 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807202840/http://www.gov.mb.ca/severeweather/thunderstorms.html|archivedate=7 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Low [[wind chill]] values are a common occurrence in the local climate. The wind chill has gone down as low as {{convert|−57.1|C}} and on average there are twelve days of the year that can reach a wind chill below {{convert|−40|C}}.<ref name=normals/>
-
-The highest temperature ever recorded in Winnipeg was {{convert|42.2|C}} on 11 July 1936 while the highest daily low temperature was {{convert|28.3|C}} on 12 July 1936.<ref name="July 1936">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-03-01%7C1938-07-31&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1938-12-01&StationID=3703&Prov=MB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=winnipeg+st&timeframe=2&Year=1936&Month=7#|title=July 1936|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=18 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609180440/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-03-01%7C1938-07-31&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1938-12-01&StationID=3703&Prov=MB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=winnipeg+st&timeframe=2&Year=1936&Month=7|archivedate=9 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[apparent temperature|apparent heat]] can be even more extreme due to bursts of humidity, and on 25 July 2007 a [[humidex]] reading of {{convert|47.3|C}} was measured.<ref name=normals/>
-
-The frost-free season is comparatively long for a location with such severe winters. The last spring frost is on average around 23 May, while the first fall frost is on 22 September.<ref name=normals/>
-{{Winnipeg weatherbox}}
-
-===Cityscape===
-{{see also|List of Winnipeg neighbourhoods|List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg|Subdivisions of Winnipeg}}
-[[File:Downtown Area, Winnipeg - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Centred on the intersection of [[Portage and Main]], [[Downtown Winnipeg]] is the city's [[central business district]].]]
-
-There are officially 236 neighbourhoods in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|title=Description of Geographies Used to Produce Census Profiles|url=http://winnipeg.ca/census/includes/Geographies.stm#Neighbourhoods|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=14 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930222012/http://www.winnipeg.ca/census/includes/Geographies.stm#Neighbourhoods|archivedate=30 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Downtown Winnipeg]], the city's financial heart and economic core, is centred on the intersection of [[Portage and Main|Portage Avenue and Main Street]] and covers about {{convert|1|sqmi||abbr=on|order=flip}}. More than 72,000 people work downtown, and over 40,000 students attend classes at its universities and colleges.<ref name="BIZ">{{cite web|url= http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140111075234/http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf|archivedate= 11 January 2014|title= Trends 2010|date=8 July 2010|publisher= Downtown Winnipeg BIZ}}</ref>
-
-Downtown Winnipeg's [[Exchange District]] is named after the area's original grain exchange, which operated from 1880 to 1913.<ref name="BIZ"/> The 30-block district received [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site of Canada]] status in 1997; it includes North America's most extensive collection of early 20th-century [[terracotta]] and cut stone architecture, [[Stephen Juba]] Park, and Old Market Square.<ref name="BIZ"/> Other major downtown areas are [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]], [[Central Park (Winnipeg)|Central Park]], Broadway-Assiniboine and [[Chinatown, Winnipeg|Chinatown]]. Many of Downtown Winnipeg's major buildings are linked with the [[Winnipeg Walkway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928014925/http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf|archivedate=28 September 2011|title=Downtown Winnipeg Profile|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>
-
-Residential neighbourhoods surround the downtown in all directions; expansion is greatest to the south and west, although several areas remain underdeveloped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inura.org/NMM_Posters_PDF/INURA11_Winnipeg.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504164811/http://www.inura.org/NMM_Posters_PDF/INURA11_Winnipeg.pdf|archivedate=4 May 2015|accessdate=4 March 2014|title=Winnipeg, Manitoba|publisher=International Network for Urban Research and Action}}</ref> The city's largest park, [[Assiniboine Park]], houses the [[Assiniboine Park Zoo]] and the [[Leo Mol|Leo Mol Sculpture Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/about/park-story.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216034718/http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/about/park-story.php|archivedate=16 February 2012|title=Assiniboine Park's Story|publisher=Assiniboine Park|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> Other large city parks include [[Kildonan Park]] and [[St. Vital Park]]. The city's major commercial areas are [[Polo Park]], Kildonan Crossing, South St. Vital, Garden City (West Kildonan), Pembina Strip, Kenaston Smart Centre, [[Osborne Village]], and the Corydon strip.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/shopping|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=Tourism Winnipeg|title=Shopping|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020194845/http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/shopping|archivedate=20 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The main cultural and nightlife areas are the Exchange District, The Forks, Osborne Village and Corydon Village (both in Fort Rouge), Sargent and Ellice Avenues (West End) and Old St. Boniface.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/night-life|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=Tourism Winnipeg|title=Nightlife|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020194857/http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/night-life|archivedate=20 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Osborne Village]] is Winnipeg's most densely populated neighbourhood<ref>{{cite web|title=Neighbourhoods: The Village Pilgrimage|url=http://www.where.ca/winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807034934/http://www.where.ca/winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14|archivedate=7 August 2011|website=Where|accessdate=23 May 2011}}</ref> and one of the most densely populated neighbourhoods in Western Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/clkdmis/documents/c/2006/a6621/pd%2009%2019%20no.%2015%20att.pdf|title=Osborne Village Neighbourhood Plan|publisher=City of Winnipeg|date=June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050455/http://winnipeg.ca/clkdmis/documents/c/2006/a6621/pd%2009%2019%20no.%2015%20att.pdf|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
-
-==Demographics==<!--Please make note of which census to which the data refers before making edits. Thanks.-->
-{{Main|Demographics of Winnipeg}}
-{{historical populations
-| style="text-align:center;"|state=collapsed| cols = 3|percentages=on|width=10em
-| title = {{small|[[Population growth]] since 1871}}
-| 1871|241
-| 1881|7,995
-| 1891|26,529
-| 1901|42,540
-| 1911|136,035
-| 1921|179,097
-| 1931|218,785
-| 1941|221,969
-| 1951|235,710
-| 1961|265,420
-| 1971|246,246
-| 1981|564,373
-| 1991|616,790
-| 2001|619,544
-| 2011|663,617
-| 2021|749,607
-| footnote = {{small|The drastic population increase between 1971 and 1981 was due in part to Winnipeg's amalgamation in 1972.}}
-| source =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1932/193201410103_p.%20103.pdf|title=Censuses 1871–1931|work=Canada Year Book 1932|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019190112/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1932%2F193201410103_p.%20103.pdf|archivedate=19 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1955/195501710145_p.%20145.pdf|title=Census 1941–1951|work=Canada Year Book 1955|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209035552/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1955%2F195501710145_p.%20145.pdf|archivedate=9 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf|title=Census 1961|work=Canada Year Book 1967|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223151220/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1967%2F196702210189_p.%20189.pdf|archivedate=23 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Canada Year Book 1974|chapter=Censuses 1966, 1971|publisher=Statistics Canada|url=https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1974-eng.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Canada Year Book 1988|chapter=Censuses 1981, 1986|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf|page=9|date=28 April 1992|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Twenty-five largest municipalities|work=The Daily|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324174505/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf|archivedate=24 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|title=2001 Community Profiles: Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209064155/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archivedate=9 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-310-x/98-310-x2011001-eng.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=The Canadian Population in 2011|page=19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702225851/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-310-x/98-310-x2011001-eng.pdf|archivedate=2 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=2021census/>
-}}
-
-In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Winnipeg recorded a population of {{nts|749607}} living in {{nts|300431}} of its {{nts|315465}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:749607-705244}}|705244|1}} from its 2016 population of {{nts|705244}}. With a land area of {{convert|461.78|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|749607|461.78|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000246 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Manitoba | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 19, 2022}}</ref> The Winnipeg census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 834,678 in 2021.<ref name=2021censusCMA>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 20, 2022}}</ref> Thus, Winnipeg is Manitoba's largest city and Canada's sixth largest city,<ref name=2021census/> while it is Canada's eighth largest CMA.<ref name=2021censusCMA/>
-
-Winnipeg represents 54.9% of the population of the province of Manitoba, the highest population concentration in one city of any province in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312215907/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A|archivedate=12 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities)|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HdM14Gov?url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|archivedate=25 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from the city of Winnipeg, the Winnipeg CMA includes the [[List of rural municipalities in Manitoba|rural municipalities]] of [[Rural Municipality of Springfield|Springfield]], [[Rural Municipality of St. Clements|St. Clements]], [[rural Municipality of Taché|Taché]], [[Rural Municipality of East St. Paul|East St. Paul]], [[Rural Municipality of Macdonald|Macdonald]], [[Rural Municipality of Ritchot|Ritchot]], [[Rural Municipality of West St. Paul|West St. Paul]], [[Rural Municipality of Headingley|Headingley]], the [[Brokenhead 4, Manitoba|Brokenhead 4 reserve]], [[Rural Municipality of Rosser|Rosser]] and [[Rural Municipality of St. François Xavier|St. François Xavier]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census profile: Winnipeg (census metropolitan area)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305052713/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Statistics Canada]]'s estimate of the Winnipeg CMA population as of 1 July 2020 is 850,056, making it the 7th largest CMA in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population estimates, July 1, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2016 boundaries1|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710013501|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=13 June 2021}}</ref>
-
-As of the 2006 census, 48.3 percent of residents were male and 51.7 percent were female. 24.3 percent were 19 years old or younger, 27.4 percent were between 20 and 30 years old, and 34.0 percent were between 40 and 64 years old. The average age of a Winnipegger in May 2006 was 38.7, compared to an average of 39.5 for Canada as a whole.<ref name="2006CityProfile">{{cite web
-| url = http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
-| title = Community Profile of the City of Winnipeg
-| publisher = Statistics Canada
-| date = 30 September 2007
-| accessdate = 30 September 2007
-| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140108004835/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
-| archivedate = 8 January 2014
-| url-status = live
-}}</ref> Between the censuses of 2006 and 2011, Winnipeg's population increased by 4.8 percent, compared to 5.2 percent for Manitoba as a whole. The population density of the city of Winnipeg averaged 1,430 people per km<sup>2</sup>, compared with 2.2 for Manitoba.<ref name=cy11>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census Profile: Winnipeg (city)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724040230/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archivedate=24 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
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0 => '{{Short description|Capital city of Manitoba, Canada}}',
1 => '{{about|the Canadian city|other uses|Winnipeg (disambiguation)}}',
2 => '{{Redirect|Winnipegger|the former passenger rail service|Winnipeger}}',
3 => '{{featured article}}',
4 => '{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}}',
5 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}',
6 => '{{Infobox settlement',
7 => '| name = Winnipeg',
8 => '| official_name = City of Winnipeg',
9 => '| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Manitoba|City]]',
10 => '| image_skyline = {{multiple image',
11 => '| border = infobox',
12 => '| total_width = 275',
13 => '| perrow = 1/2/2/1',
14 => '| image1 = CMHR and Winnipeg Downtown (wide aspect).png',
15 => '| alt1 = Canadian Museum of Human Rights',
16 => '| image2 = UofW.JPG',
17 => '| alt2 = University of Winnipeg',
18 => '| image3 = Richardson Building.jpg',
19 => '| alt3 = Intersection of Portage and Main in downtown',
20 => '| image4 = ST. BONIFACE CATHEDRAL 05.jpg',
21 => '| alt4 = St. Boniface Cathedral',
22 => '| image5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge (38395565385).jpg',
23 => '| alt5 = Esplanade Riel Footbridge',
24 => '| image6 = Manitoba Legislative building exterior (J) (cropped).jpg',
25 => '| alt6 = Manitoba Legislative building',
26 => '}}',
27 => '| imagesize = 275px',
28 => '| image_caption = From top, left to right: Winnipeg panorama featuring the [[Canadian Museum for Human Rights]], Wesley Hall at the [[University of Winnipeg]], [[Downtown Winnipeg]], [[Saint Boniface Cathedral]], [[Esplanade Riel|Esplanade Riel bridge]], and the [[Manitoba Legislative Building]]',
29 => '| image_flag = Flag of Winnipeg fair.svg',
30 => '| image_seal = ',
31 => '| image_shield = Crest of Winnipeg fair.svg',
32 => '| image_blank_emblem = Flag of Winnipeg (logo version).svg',
33 => '| blank_emblem_type = Logo',
34 => '| nickname = [[List of city nicknames in Canada#Manitoba|"Winterpeg"]]',
35 => '| motto = ''Unum Cum Virtute Multorum''<br />{{small|(One with the Strength of Many)}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Municipal Manual|year=2007|page=16|publisher=City of Winnipeg|url=https://winnipeg.ca/clerks/pdfs/2007MunicipalManual.pdf}}</ref>',
36 => '| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Winnipeg|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}',
37 => '| map_caption = Interactive map of Winnipeg',
38 => '| coordinates = {{coord|49|53|4|N|97|8|47|W|region:CA-MB|display=inline,title}}',
39 => '| subdivision_type = Country',
40 => '| subdivision_name = Canada',
41 => '| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]',
42 => '| subdivision_name1 = [[Manitoba]]',
43 => '| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Canada|Region]]',
44 => '| subdivision_name2 = [[Winnipeg Metropolitan Region]]',
45 => '|established_title = Incorporated',
46 => '| established_date = 1873',
47 => '| leader_title1 = Mayor',
48 => '| leader_name1 = [[Brian Bowman (politician)|Brian Bowman]]',
49 => '| leader_title2 = Governing body',
50 => '| leader_name2 = [[Winnipeg City Council]]',
51 => '| unit_pref = Metric',
52 => '| area_footnotes = <ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census subdivision of Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303104523/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=4611040|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census metropolitan area of Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303093130/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-cma-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CMA&GC=602|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>',
53 => '| area_total_km2 = ',
54 => '| area_land_km2 = 461.78',
55 => '| area_metro_km2 = 5285.46',
56 => '| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=normals/>',
57 => '| elevation_m = 239',
58 => '<!-- Population ----------------------->| population_footnotes = ',
59 => '| population_total = 749,607 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|6th]])',
60 => '| population_as_of = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]<ref name="2021Census">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census Winnipeg Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021A00054611040 |website=[[Census Canada]] |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name=2021Metrocensus>{{cite web |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census Winnipeg Metropolitan Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021S0503602 |website= [[Census Canada]] |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref>',
61 => '| population_density_km2 = 1430',
62 => '| population_urban = 758,515 ([[List of the largest population centres in Canada|6th]])',
63 => '| population_density_urban_km2 = 1429',
64 => '| population_metro = 834,678 ([[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|8th]])',
65 => '| population_density_metro_km2 = 157.90',
66 => '| population_demonym = Winnipegger',
67 => '<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]',
68 => '| utc_offset = −6',
69 => '| timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|accessdate=3 March 2014|title=Winnipeg|publisher=The World Clock|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209123719/http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=265|archivedate=9 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>',
70 => '| utc_offset_DST = −5',
71 => '<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]]',
72 => '| area_code = [[Area codes 204 and 431|204 and 431]]',
73 => '| website = {{URL|https://www.winnipeg.ca}}',
74 => '}}',
75 => '',
76 => ''''Winnipeg''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Winnipeg.ogg|ˈ|w|ɪ|n|ᵻ|p|ɛ|ɡ}}) is the capital and largest city of the province of [[Manitoba]] in Canada. It is centred on the [[confluence]] of the [[Red River of the North|Red]] and [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] rivers, near the [[Longitude|longitudinal centre]] of North America. {{As of|2021}}, Winnipeg had a city population of 749,607 and a metropolitan population of 834,678, making it the [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|sixth-largest]] city, and [[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|eighth-largest]] metropolitan area in Canada.<ref name=2021Metrocensus/>',
77 => '',
78 => 'The city is named after the nearby [[Lake Winnipeg]]; the name comes from the [[Cree language|Western Cree]] words for muddy water. The region was a trading centre for [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous peoples]] long before the arrival of Europeans; it is the traditional territory of the Anishinabe (Ojibway), Ininew (Cree), Oji-Cree, Dene, and Dakota, and is the birthplace of the [[Métis people in Canada|Métis Nation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipeg.ca/indigenous/pdfs/CoW-Indigenous-Accord.pdf|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Winnipeg's Indigenous Accord|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref> French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738. A settlement was later founded by the [[Red River Colony|Selkirk settlers]] of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. Being far inland, the [[#Climate|local climate]] is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January highs of around {{convert|-11|C}} and average July highs of {{convert|26|C}}.',
79 => '',
80 => 'Known as the "Gateway to the West", Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy. This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals, including the [[Festival du Voyageur]], the [[Winnipeg Folk Festival]], the [[Jazz Winnipeg Festival]], the [[Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival]], and [[Folklorama]]. In [[1967 Pan American Games|1967]], Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the [[Pan American Games]]. It is home to several professional sports franchises, including the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] ([[Canadian football]]), the [[Winnipeg Jets]] ([[ice hockey]]), [[Manitoba Moose]] (ice hockey), [[Valour FC]] ([[soccer]]), and the [[Winnipeg Goldeyes]] ([[baseball]]).',
81 => '',
82 => '== Etymology ==',
83 => 'Winnipeg is named after nearby [[Lake Winnipeg]], 65 km north of the city. English explorer [[Henry Kelsey]] may have been the first European to see the lake in 1690, and he adopted the [[Cree language|Cree]] and [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] name ''win-nipi'' (also transcribed ''win-nipiy'' or ''ouenpig'') meaning "murky water" or "muddy water"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ham|first=Penny|title=Place Names of Manitoba|publisher=Western Producer Prairie Books|year=1980|isbn=9780888330673|page=138}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Canadian Oxford Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-541816-6|editor-last=Barber|editor-first=Katherine|chapter=Winnipeg, Lake}}</ref><ref name=boyens>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=The Encyclopedia of Manitoba|publisher=Great Plains Publications|year=2007|isbn=978-1-894-283-71-7|editor-last=Boyens|editor-first=Ingeborg|pages=383, 744}}</ref> (modern {{Lang-cr|wīnipēk, ᐑᓂᐯᐠ}}). French-Canadian fur trader [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|La Vérendrye]] referred to the lake as {{Lang-fr|Lac Gouinipique|label=none}} or {{Lang-fr|Ouinipigon|label=none}} when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bellin|first=M.|title=Remarques sur la Carte de l'Amérique Septentrionale|publisher=Didot|year=1755|page=73}}</ref> Local newspaper ''The Nor'-Wester'' included the name on its masthead on February 24, 1866, and the city was incorporated by that name under legislation by the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|Manitoba Assembly]] in 1873.<ref name=boyens />',
84 => '',
85 => '== History ==',
86 => '{{Further|History of Winnipeg|Timeline of Winnipeg history}}',
87 => '',
88 => '=== Early history ===',
89 => 'Winnipeg lies at the [[confluence]] of the [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] and the [[Red River Valley|Red River of the North]], a location now known as "[[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]]". This point was at the crossroads of [[canoe]] routes travelled by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] before European contact.<ref name="forkshistory">{{cite web |url = http://www.theforks.com/history |title = History |publisher = The Forks |accessdate = 4 November 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080930222840/http://www.theforks.com/history |archivedate = 30 September 2008 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Evidence provided by archaeology, [[petroglyph]]s, [[rock art]] and oral history indicates that native peoples used the area in prehistoric times for camping, harvesting, hunting, tool making, fishing, trading and, farther north, for agriculture.<ref name="harris">{{cite book|editor-last=Harris|editor-first=R. Cole|others=Cartography & design by Geoffrey J. Matthews|title=Historical Atlas of Canada|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1993|volume=I: From the Beginning to 1800|isbn=0-8020-2495-5|pages=1–6}}</ref>',
90 => '',
91 => 'Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area range from 11,500 years ago for a site southwest of the present city to 6,000 years ago at The Forks.<ref name=ce/><ref>{{cite journal|date=Spring 1990|issue=19|title=Glacial Lake Agassiz|journal=Manitoba History|last=Buckner|first=Anthony|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/19/lakeagassiz.shtml}}</ref> In 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions.<ref>{{cite book|title=The geography of Manitoba|year=1996|publisher=University of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-375-2|page=80|editor-last1=Welsted|editor-first1=John|editor-last2=Everitt|editor-first2=John|editor-last3=Stadel|editor-first3=Christoph}}</ref> The rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the [[Missouri River|Missouri]] and [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] rivers. The [[Ojibwe]] made some of the first maps on [[birch bark]], which helped [[fur trade]]rs navigate the waterways of the area.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=G Malcolm|title=Cartographic encounters: perspectives on Native American mapmaking and map use|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1998|page=12|isbn=9780226476940}}</ref>',
92 => '',
93 => '[[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye|Sieur de La Vérendrye]] built the first fur [[trading post]] on the site in 1738, called [[Fort Rouge (fortification)|Fort Rouge]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Champagne |first=Antoine |date=1968–1969 |title=The Vérendryes and Their Successors, 1727–1760 |journal=MHS Transactions |issue=25 |series=Third Series|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/verendryes.shtml}}</ref> French trading continued at this site for several decades before the arrival of the British [[Hudson's Bay Company]] after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the [[Seven Years' War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/mb/forks/natcul/contact.aspx |author=[[Parks Canada]] |title=The Forks National Historic Site of Canada |accessdate=5 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605103021/http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/mb/forks/natcul/contact.aspx |archivedate=5 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many French men who were trappers [[Marriage 'à la façon du pays'|married First Nations women]]; their mixed-race children hunted, traded, and lived in the area. Their descendents are known as the [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lussier |first=AS |date=Spring 1978 |title=The Metis: Contemporary Problem of Identity |journal=Manitoba Pageant |volume=23 |issue=3 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/23/metisidentity.shtml}}</ref>',
94 => '[[File:Rindisbacher fishing 1821 large (1).png|thumb|left|An 1821 painting of winter fishing on the ice of the [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]] and [[Red River of the North|Red]] rivers. [[Fort Gibraltar]] was erected in 1809.]]',
95 => '[[Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk|Lord Selkirk]] was involved with the first permanent settlement (known as the [[Red River Colony]]), the purchase of land from the Hudson's Bay Company, and a survey of river lots in the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Thomas Douglas |encyclopedia=Dictionary of Canadian Biography V |year=2000 |publisher=University of Toronto |pages=264–269 }}</ref> The [[North West Company]] built [[Fort Gibraltar]] in 1809, and the Hudson's Bay Company built [[Fort Douglas (Canada)|Fort Douglas]] in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite journal |title=A Brief Chronology of Events Relative to Lord Selkirk's Settlement at Red River – 1811 to 1815 |last=Brown |first=Alice E |journal=Manitoba Pageant |date=April 1962 |volume=7 |issue=3 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/07/selkirkchronology.shtml}}</ref> The two companies competed fiercely over trade.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bumstead |first=JM |title=Fur Trade Wars: the founding of Western Canada |publisher=Great Plains Publications |year=1999 |isbn=1-894283-03-1 }}</ref> The Métis and Lord Selkirk's settlers fought at the [[Battle of Seven Oaks]] in 1816. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies merged, ending their long rivalry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPCONTENTSE1EP6CH5PA3LE.html |title=Battle at Seven Oaks |accessdate=4 March 2014 |publisher=CBC |work=Canada: A People's History |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619210110/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPCONTENTSE1EP6CH5PA3LE.html |archivedate=19 June 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fort Gibraltar was renamed [[Fort Garry]] in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudson's Bay Company.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web |title=Manitoba Time Line |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/features/timeline.shtml |publisher=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526054241/http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/features/timeline.shtml |archivedate=26 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> A flood destroyed the fort in 1826 and it was not rebuilt until 1835.<ref name="timeline"/> A rebuilt section of the fort, consisting of the front gate and a section of the wall, is near the modern-day corner of Main Street and Broadway in downtown Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com/vignettes/vignettes_128W.htm |title=Greater Winnipeg: Upper Fort Garry Gate |publisher=Virtual Heritage Winnipeg |accessdate=16 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207082855/http://www.virtual.heritagewinnipeg.com/vignettes/vignettes_128W.htm |archivedate=7 December 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>',
96 => '',
97 => 'In 1869–70, present-day Winnipeg was the site of the [[Red River Rebellion]], a conflict between the local provisional government of Métis, led by [[Louis Riel]], and newcomers from eastern Canada. General [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley|Garnet Wolseley]] was sent to put down the uprising. The [[Manitoba Act]] of 1870 made Manitoba the [[provinces and territories of Canada|fifth province]] of the three-year-old [[Canadian Confederation]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayes |first=Derek |title=Historical Atlas of Canada |publisher=D&M Adult |year=2006 |pages=213–214 |isbn=1-55365-077-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sprague |first=DN |title=Canada and the Métis, 1869–1885 |publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press |year=1988 |pages=33–67, 89–129 |isbn=978-0-88920-964-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=David |last2=Tyler |first2=Grant |title=Canadian campaigns 1860–70 |year=1992 |publisher=Osprey |isbn=978-1-85532-226-4 |pages=36–39 }}</ref> [[Treaty 1]], which encompassed the city and much of the surrounding area, was signed on 3 August 1871 by representatives of the Crown and local Indigenous groups, comprising the Brokenhead Ojibway, Sagkeeng, Long Plain, Peguis, Roseau River Anishinabe, Sandy Bay and Swan Lake communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.winnipegvitalsigns.org/vital-information/treaty-1/|title=Treaty 1|work=Winnipeg's Vital Signs|accessdate=31 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901080453/https://www.winnipegvitalsigns.org/vital-information/treaty-1/|archivedate=1 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 November 1873, Winnipeg was incorporated as a city, with the Selkirk settlement as its nucleus.<ref name="Winnipeg's History">{{cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/HistoricalProfile.stm |title=History of Winnipeg: Historical Profile |publisher=City of Winnipeg |accessdate=8 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819075903/http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/HistoricalProfile.stm |archivedate=19 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Métis legislator and interpreter [[James McKay (fur trader)|James McKay]] named the city.<ref name="mckaysidea">{{cite news |title=Who Named the North-Land? |work=[[Manitoba Free Press]] |date=19 August 1876 |page=3 }}</ref> Winnipeg's mandate was to govern and provide municipal services to citizens attracted to trade expansion between [[Fort Garry|Upper Fort Garry]] / [[Lower Fort Garry]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://winnipeginfocus.winnipeg.ca/city-of-winnipeg-1874-1971-2|title=Winnipeg (Man.) |website=Winnipeg in Focus|accessdate=3 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055309/http://winnipeginfocus.winnipeg.ca/city-of-winnipeg-1874-1971-2|archivedate=4 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>',
98 => '',
99 => 'Winnipeg developed rapidly after the coming of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] in 1881.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/business/cpr.shtml |title=MHS Centennial Business: Canadian Pacific Railway Company |publisher=Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=16 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829085939/http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/business/cpr.shtml |archivedate=29 August 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The railway divided the North End, which housed mainly Eastern Europeans, from the richer Anglo-Saxon southern part of the city.<ref name="ce"/> It also contributed to a demographic shift beginning shortly after Confederation that saw the francophone population decrease from a majority to a small minority group. This shift resulted in Premier [[Thomas Greenway]] controversially ending legislative bilingualism and [[Manitoba Schools Question|removing funding for French Catholic Schools]] in 1890.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Exclusive/Articles/Controversy-and-Compromise-over-the-Manitoba-Schoo |work=Canada's History |title=Controversy and compromise over the Manitoba Schools Question |accessdate=26 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527213333/http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Exclusive/Articles/Controversy-and-Compromise-over-the-Manitoba-Schoo |archivedate=27 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>',
100 => '',
101 => '===Modern history (1900–present)===',
102 => 'By 1911, Winnipeg was Canada's third-largest city.<ref name="ce"/> However, the city faced financial difficulty when the [[Panama Canal]] opened in 1914.<ref>{{cite news |title=The heart of the continent? |last=Silicz |first=Michael |date=10 September 2008 |work=[[The Manitoban]]}}</ref> The canal reduced reliance on Canada's rail system for international trade; the increase in shipping traffic helped [[Vancouver]] to surpass Winnipeg in both prosperity and population by the end of [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hiller |first=Harry |title=Second promised land: migration to Alberta and the transformation of Canadian society |year=2009 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=978-0-7735-3517-6 |pages=33–34}}</ref>',
103 => '[[File:WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg|thumb|Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the [[Winnipeg General Strike]] in 1919]]',
104 => 'More than 30,000 workers walked off their jobs in May 1919 in what came to be known as the [[Winnipeg general strike]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH3PA2LE.html|work=Canada: A People's History|title=The Winnipeg General Strike|publisher=CBC|accessdate=4 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918033647/http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH3PA2LE.html|archivedate=18 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The strike was a product of postwar recession, labour conditions, the activity of union organizers and a large influx of returning World War I soldiers seeking work.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bothwell|first1=Robert|last2=Drummond|first2=Ian|last3=English|first3=John|title=Canada, 1900–1945|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1990|page=165|isbn=0-8020-6801-4}}</ref> After many arrests, deportations, and incidents of violence, the strike ended on 21 June 1919 when the [[Riot Act]] was read and a group of [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] officers charged a group of strikers.<ref name="bloody">{{cite web|url=http://curio.ca/en/bloody-saturday-the-winnipeg-general-strike/1106|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209071531/http://curio.ca/en/bloody-saturday-the-winnipeg-general-strike/1106|archivedate=9 February 2014|title=Bloody Saturday|publisher=CBC|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> Two strikers were killed and at least thirty others were injured on the day that became known as ''Bloody Saturday''; the event polarized the population.<ref name="bloody"/> One of the leaders of the strike, [[J. S. Woodsworth]], went on to found Canada's first major socialist party, the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]], which later became the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]].<ref>{{cite book|last=MacInnis|first=Grace|title=J. S. Woodsworth: A Man to Remember|year=1953|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0770511807}}</ref>',
105 => '',
106 => 'The [[Manitoba Legislative Building]], constructed mainly of [[Tyndall stone]], opened in 1920; its dome supports a bronze statue finished in gold leaf, titled "Eternal Youth and the Spirit of Enterprise" (commonly known as the "[[Golden Boy (Manitoba)|Golden Boy]]").<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legtour/legbld.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413001158/http://www.gov.mb.ca/legtour/legbld.html|archivedate=13 April 2008|title=The History|work=Legislative Tour|publisher=Province of Manitoba|accessdate=16 July 2009}}</ref> The [[stock market crash of 1929]] and the [[Great Depression]] resulted in widespread unemployment, worsened by drought and low agricultural prices.<ref>{{cite conference|title=The Dirty Thirties in Prairie Canada|conference=11th Western Canadian Studies Conference|editor=Francis, RD |editor2=Ganzevoort, H|publisher=Tantalus Research|year=1980|isbn=0-919478-46-8}}</ref> The Depression ended after the start of [[World War II]] in 1939.<ref name=ce>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/winnipeg/|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Winnipeg|date=11 September 2012|author=Artibise, Alan|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224035342/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/winnipeg/|archivedate=24 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ',
107 => '[[File:Wfp 1942.jpg|thumb|left|In 1942, the Canadian Victory Loan campaign [[If Day|simulated]] a [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] occupation of the city to raise [[war bonds]].]]',
108 => 'In the [[Battle of Hong Kong]], [[The Winnipeg Grenadiers]] were among the first Canadians to engage in combat against Japan. Battalion members who survived combat were taken prisoner and endured brutal treatment in [[prisoner of war]] camps.<ref name="Vance1994">{{cite book|author=Vance, Jonathan|title=Objects of concern: Canadian prisoners of war through the twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L32wsAE2EcAC&pg=PA183|year=1994|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-0504-9|page=183}}</ref> In 1942, the Victory Loan Campaign staged a [[If Day|mock Nazi invasion]] of Winnipeg to promote awareness of the stakes of the war in Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Maclean's]] |author=Burch, Ted|date=10 September 1960|title=The day the Nazis took over Winnipeg|pages=46–47|url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1960/9/10/the-day-the-nazis-took-over-winnipeg}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|title=If|page=1|author=Groom, Kick|date=5 January 1985}}</ref> When the war ended, pent-up demand generated a boom in housing development, although building activity was checked by the [[1950 Red River flood]].<ref name="flood">{{cite journal|last=Hurst|first=William D|date=1955–1956|title=The Red River Flood of 1950|journal=MHS Transactions |series =Third Series|issue=12|url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/flood1950.shtml}}</ref> The federal government estimated damage at over $26 million, although the province indicated that it was at least double that.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bumsted|first=JM|title=The Manitoba Royal Commission on Flood Cost Benefit and the Origins of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Canada|journal=American Review of Canadian Studies|date=March 2002 |volume=32|issue=1 |pages=97–121 |doi=10.1080/02722010209481659}}</ref> The damage caused by the flood led then-Premier [[Dufferin Roblin|Duff Roblin]] to advocate for the construction of the [[Red River Floodway]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Haque, C Emdad|date=May 2000|title=Risk Assessment, Emergency Preparedness and Response to Hazards: The Case of the 1997 Red River Valley Flood, Canada|journal=Natural Hazards|volume=21|issue=2|pages=226–237|doi=10.1023/a:1008108208545}}</ref>',
109 => '',
110 => 'Before 1972, Winnipeg was the largest of thirteen cities and towns in a metropolitan area around the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. In 1960, the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg was established to co-ordinate service delivery in the metropolitan region.<ref name=":0" /> A consolidated metropolitan "[[Amalgamation of Winnipeg|unicity]]" government incorporating Winnipeg and its surrounding municipalities was established on 27 July 1971, taking effect in 1972.<ref name="unicity">{{cite journal|title=The Reform of a Metropolitan Government: The Case of Winnipeg, 1971|author=Lightbody, James|year= 1978|journal=Canadian Public Policy|volume=4|issue=4|pages=489–504|doi=10.2307/3549974|jstor=3549974}}</ref> The [[City of Winnipeg Act]] incorporated the current city.<ref name=ce/> In 2003, the City of Winnipeg Act was repealed and replaced with the City of Winnipeg Charter.<ref name=":0" />',
111 => '',
112 => 'Winnipeg experienced a severe economic downturn in advance of the [[early 1980s recession]], during which the city incurred closures of prominent businesses, including the ''[[Winnipeg Tribune]]'', as well as the [[Swift & Company|Swift's]] and [[Canada Packers]] meat packing plants.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/hansard/36th_2nd/vol32a/h032a_3.html |url-status=live| title= Hansard, Volume XLVI No. 32A, Oral Questions | publisher= Manitoba Legislature | date=9 May 1996}}</ref> In 1981, Winnipeg was one of the first cities in Canada to sign a tripartite agreement with the provincial and federal governments to redevelop its downtown area,<ref name="SanctonYoung2009">{{cite book|author1=Sancton, Andrew|author2=Young, Robert Andrew|title=Foundations of governance: municipal government in Canada's provinces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvURRf7mGi4C&pg=PA250|year=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-9650-0|page=250}}</ref> and the three levels of government contributed over $271 million to its development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wd.gc.ca/eng/298.asp|title=Urban Development Agreements|publisher=Western Economic Diversification Canada|accessdate=16 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530222137/http://www.wd.gc.ca/eng/298.asp |archivedate=30 May 2009}}</ref> In 1989, the reclamation and redevelopment of the [[Canadian National Railway|CNR]] [[rail yard]]s turned The Forks into Winnipeg's most popular tourist attraction.<ref name="forkshistory" /><ref name="ce" /> The city was threatened by the [[1997 Red River flood]] as well as further floods in [[2009 Red River flood|2009]] and [[2011 Red River flood|2011]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/flooding/historical_facts.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305020905/https://www.gov.mb.ca/flooding/historical_facts.html|archivedate=5 March 2014|accessdate=4 March 2014|title=Manitoba Flood Facts|publisher=Province of Manitoba}}</ref>',
113 => '',
114 => '==Geography==',
115 => '{{Main|Geography and climate of Winnipeg}}',
116 => '[[File:2005 Winnipeg Flood.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|Docks at [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]]. The city lies at the bottom of the [[Red River Valley]], a flood plain with a flat topography.]]',
117 => 'Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the [[Red River Valley]], a flood plain with an extremely flat topography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604201210/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/geomorphology_e.php |archivedate=4 June 2011 |title=Geomorphology of the Red River|publisher=Natural Resources Canada|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> It is on the eastern edge of the [[Canadian Prairies]] in [[Western Canada]] and is known as the "Gateway to the West".<ref name=ce/> Winnipeg is bordered by [[tallgrass prairie]] to the west and south and the [[aspen parkland]] to the northeast, although most of the native prairie grasses have been removed for agriculture and urbanization.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naturenorth.com/summer/wildlife/wildF.html |title=Manitoba's Tall Grass Prairie Preserve |work=Nature North Zine |accessdate=27 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203221253/http://www.naturenorth.com/summer/wildlife/wildF.html |archivedate=3 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is relatively close to many large [[Canadian Shield]] lakes and parks, as well as [[Lake Winnipeg]] ([[List of lakes by area|the Earth's 11th largest freshwater lake]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210173421/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/nam/nam-08.html|archivedate=10 February 2007 |title= Lake Winnipeg |publisher= World Lake Database|accessdate=4 March 2014}}</ref> Winnipeg has North America's largest extant mature urban elm forest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/featured/trees-451332803.html|newspaper=Winnipeg Free Press|title=The City of Winnipeg's most common tree types, mapped|author=Bruce, Graeme|date=17 October 2017}}</ref> The city has an area of {{convert|464.08|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=area/>',
118 => '',
119 => 'Winnipeg has four major rivers: the [[Red River of the North|Red]], [[Assiniboine River|Assiniboine]], [[La Salle River|La Salle]] and [[Seine River (Manitoba)|Seine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iclr.org/images/Charles_-_Full.pdf|author=Boulet, Charles|title=Basement Flood Risk Reduction: City of Winnipeg|publisher=Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction|accessdate=4 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104639/http://www.iclr.org/images/Charles_-_Full.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The city was subject to severe flooding in the past. The Red River reached its greatest flood height in [[1826 Red River flood|1826]]. Another large flood in [[1950 Red River flood|1950]] caused millions of dollars in damage and mass evacuations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/historical_e.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719121057/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/floods/redriver/historical_e.php|archivedate=19 July 2010|title=Historical floods and flood disasters|publisher=Natural Resources Canada|accessdate=9 May 2012}}</ref> This flood prompted [[Dufferin Roblin|Duff Roblin]]'s provincial government to build the [[Red River Floodway]] to protect the city.<ref name=ce/> In the [[1997 Red River flood|1997 flood]], flood control dikes were reinforced and raised using sandbags; Winnipeg suffered limited damage compared to the flood's impact on cities without such structures, such as [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/red-river-rising-manitoba-floods/topic---red-river-rising-manitoba-floods.html|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=CBC|title=Red River Rising: Manitoba floods|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231020409/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/red-river-rising-manitoba-floods/topic---red-river-rising-manitoba-floods.html|archivedate=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The generally flat terrain and the poor drainage of the Red River Valley's clay-based soil also results in many [[mosquito]]es during wetter years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcpp.org/posts/floodway-part-of-war-on-mosquitoes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193229/https://www.fcpp.org/posts/floodway-part-of-war-on-mosquitoes|archivedate=2 April 2015|title=Floodway: part of war on mosquitoes?|date=25 September 2002|publisher=Frontier Centre for Public Policy}}</ref>',
120 => '',
121 => '===Climate===',
122 => '[[File:River River Curling.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Winters are cold with little precipitation in Winnipeg.]]',
123 => 'Winnipeg's location in the Canadian Prairies gives it a warm-summer [[humid continental climate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=25817&cityname=Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba%2C+Canada&units=|title=Winnipeg, Manitoba Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase|accessdate=27 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211205819/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=25817&cityname=Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba%2C+Canada&units=|archivedate=11 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |publisher=[[University of Melbourne]] |accessdate=8 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |archivedate=3 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> with warm, humid summers, and long, severely cold winters. Summers have a July mean average of {{convert|19.7|C|}}.<ref name=normals>{{cite web | url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=winnipeg&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=3698&dispBack=1 | title= Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data| publisher= Environment Canada | accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> Winters are the coldest time of year, with the January mean average around {{convert|-16.4|C}} and total winter precipitation (December through February) averaging {{convert|55.2|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=normals/> Temperatures occasionally drop below {{convert|-40|C}}.<ref name=normals/>',
124 => '',
125 => 'On average there are 317.8 days per year with measurable sunshine, with July seeing the most on average.<ref name="Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3698&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=winnipeg_&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=1 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203111003/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3698&prov=&lang=e&dCode=1&dispBack=1&StationName=winnipeg_&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12|archivedate=3 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> With 2353 hours of sunshine per year, Winnipeg is the second sunniest city in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/sunniest-cities.php |title=Sunniest City in Canada – Current Results<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=19 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510084431/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/sunniest-cities.php |archivedate=10 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Total annual precipitation (both rain and snow) is just over {{convert|521|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=normals/> Thunderstorms are very common during summer, and sometimes severe enough to produce tornadoes.<ref name="storms">{{cite web|title=Thunderstorms|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/severeweather/thunderstorms.html|publisher=Government of Manitoba|accessdate=14 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807202840/http://www.gov.mb.ca/severeweather/thunderstorms.html|archivedate=7 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Low [[wind chill]] values are a common occurrence in the local climate. The wind chill has gone down as low as {{convert|−57.1|C}} and on average there are twelve days of the year that can reach a wind chill below {{convert|−40|C}}.<ref name=normals/>',
126 => '',
127 => 'The highest temperature ever recorded in Winnipeg was {{convert|42.2|C}} on 11 July 1936 while the highest daily low temperature was {{convert|28.3|C}} on 12 July 1936.<ref name="July 1936">{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-03-01%7C1938-07-31&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1938-12-01&StationID=3703&Prov=MB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=winnipeg+st&timeframe=2&Year=1936&Month=7#|title=July 1936|publisher=Environment Canada|accessdate=18 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609180440/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-03-01%7C1938-07-31&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1938-12-01&StationID=3703&Prov=MB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=winnipeg+st&timeframe=2&Year=1936&Month=7|archivedate=9 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[apparent temperature|apparent heat]] can be even more extreme due to bursts of humidity, and on 25 July 2007 a [[humidex]] reading of {{convert|47.3|C}} was measured.<ref name=normals/>',
128 => '',
129 => 'The frost-free season is comparatively long for a location with such severe winters. The last spring frost is on average around 23 May, while the first fall frost is on 22 September.<ref name=normals/>',
130 => '{{Winnipeg weatherbox}}',
131 => '',
132 => '===Cityscape===',
133 => '{{see also|List of Winnipeg neighbourhoods|List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg|Subdivisions of Winnipeg}}',
134 => '[[File:Downtown Area, Winnipeg - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Centred on the intersection of [[Portage and Main]], [[Downtown Winnipeg]] is the city's [[central business district]].]]',
135 => '',
136 => 'There are officially 236 neighbourhoods in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|title=Description of Geographies Used to Produce Census Profiles|url=http://winnipeg.ca/census/includes/Geographies.stm#Neighbourhoods|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=14 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930222012/http://www.winnipeg.ca/census/includes/Geographies.stm#Neighbourhoods|archivedate=30 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Downtown Winnipeg]], the city's financial heart and economic core, is centred on the intersection of [[Portage and Main|Portage Avenue and Main Street]] and covers about {{convert|1|sqmi||abbr=on|order=flip}}. More than 72,000 people work downtown, and over 40,000 students attend classes at its universities and colleges.<ref name="BIZ">{{cite web|url= http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140111075234/http://www.downtownwinnipegbiz.com/resource/file/DBIZ_Trends_2010.pdf|archivedate= 11 January 2014|title= Trends 2010|date=8 July 2010|publisher= Downtown Winnipeg BIZ}}</ref>',
137 => '',
138 => 'Downtown Winnipeg's [[Exchange District]] is named after the area's original grain exchange, which operated from 1880 to 1913.<ref name="BIZ"/> The 30-block district received [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site of Canada]] status in 1997; it includes North America's most extensive collection of early 20th-century [[terracotta]] and cut stone architecture, [[Stephen Juba]] Park, and Old Market Square.<ref name="BIZ"/> Other major downtown areas are [[The Forks, Winnipeg|The Forks]], [[Central Park (Winnipeg)|Central Park]], Broadway-Assiniboine and [[Chinatown, Winnipeg|Chinatown]]. Many of Downtown Winnipeg's major buildings are linked with the [[Winnipeg Walkway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928014925/http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/pdf_folder/dwntwnprofile.pdf|archivedate=28 September 2011|title=Downtown Winnipeg Profile|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>',
139 => '',
140 => 'Residential neighbourhoods surround the downtown in all directions; expansion is greatest to the south and west, although several areas remain underdeveloped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inura.org/NMM_Posters_PDF/INURA11_Winnipeg.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504164811/http://www.inura.org/NMM_Posters_PDF/INURA11_Winnipeg.pdf|archivedate=4 May 2015|accessdate=4 March 2014|title=Winnipeg, Manitoba|publisher=International Network for Urban Research and Action}}</ref> The city's largest park, [[Assiniboine Park]], houses the [[Assiniboine Park Zoo]] and the [[Leo Mol|Leo Mol Sculpture Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/about/park-story.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216034718/http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/about/park-story.php|archivedate=16 February 2012|title=Assiniboine Park's Story|publisher=Assiniboine Park|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> Other large city parks include [[Kildonan Park]] and [[St. Vital Park]]. The city's major commercial areas are [[Polo Park]], Kildonan Crossing, South St. Vital, Garden City (West Kildonan), Pembina Strip, Kenaston Smart Centre, [[Osborne Village]], and the Corydon strip.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/shopping|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=Tourism Winnipeg|title=Shopping|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020194845/http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/shopping|archivedate=20 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The main cultural and nightlife areas are the Exchange District, The Forks, Osborne Village and Corydon Village (both in Fort Rouge), Sargent and Ellice Avenues (West End) and Old St. Boniface.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/night-life|accessdate=4 March 2014|publisher=Tourism Winnipeg|title=Nightlife|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020194857/http://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/things-to-do/night-life|archivedate=20 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Osborne Village]] is Winnipeg's most densely populated neighbourhood<ref>{{cite web|title=Neighbourhoods: The Village Pilgrimage|url=http://www.where.ca/winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807034934/http://www.where.ca/winnipeg/article_feature.cfm?listing_id=14|archivedate=7 August 2011|website=Where|accessdate=23 May 2011}}</ref> and one of the most densely populated neighbourhoods in Western Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/clkdmis/documents/c/2006/a6621/pd%2009%2019%20no.%2015%20att.pdf|title=Osborne Village Neighbourhood Plan|publisher=City of Winnipeg|date=June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050455/http://winnipeg.ca/clkdmis/documents/c/2006/a6621/pd%2009%2019%20no.%2015%20att.pdf|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>',
141 => '',
142 => '==Demographics==<!--Please make note of which census to which the data refers before making edits. Thanks.-->',
143 => '{{Main|Demographics of Winnipeg}}',
144 => '{{historical populations',
145 => '| style="text-align:center;"|state=collapsed| cols = 3|percentages=on|width=10em',
146 => '| title = {{small|[[Population growth]] since 1871}}',
147 => '| 1871|241',
148 => '| 1881|7,995',
149 => '| 1891|26,529',
150 => '| 1901|42,540',
151 => '| 1911|136,035',
152 => '| 1921|179,097',
153 => '| 1931|218,785',
154 => '| 1941|221,969',
155 => '| 1951|235,710',
156 => '| 1961|265,420',
157 => '| 1971|246,246',
158 => '| 1981|564,373',
159 => '| 1991|616,790',
160 => '| 2001|619,544',
161 => '| 2011|663,617',
162 => '| 2021|749,607',
163 => '| footnote = {{small|The drastic population increase between 1971 and 1981 was due in part to Winnipeg's amalgamation in 1972.}}',
164 => '| source =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1932/193201410103_p.%20103.pdf|title=Censuses 1871–1931|work=Canada Year Book 1932|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019190112/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1932-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1932%2F193201410103_p.%20103.pdf|archivedate=19 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1955/195501710145_p.%20145.pdf|title=Census 1941–1951|work=Canada Year Book 1955|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209035552/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1955-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1955%2F195501710145_p.%20145.pdf|archivedate=9 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=/eng/1967/196702210189_p.%20189.pdf|title=Census 1961|work=Canada Year Book 1967|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223151220/http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/acyb_c1967-eng.aspx?opt=%2Feng%2F1967%2F196702210189_p.%20189.pdf|archivedate=23 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Canada Year Book 1974|chapter=Censuses 1966, 1971|publisher=Statistics Canada|url=https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1974-eng.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Canada Year Book 1988|chapter=Censuses 1981, 1986|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf|page=9|date=28 April 1992|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Twenty-five largest municipalities|work=The Daily|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324174505/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf|archivedate=24 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=30 August 2014|title=2001 Community Profiles: Winnipeg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209064155/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archivedate=9 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-310-x/98-310-x2011001-eng.pdf|accessdate=30 August 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=The Canadian Population in 2011|page=19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702225851/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-310-x/98-310-x2011001-eng.pdf|archivedate=2 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=2021census/>',
165 => '}}',
166 => '',
167 => 'In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Winnipeg recorded a population of {{nts|749607}} living in {{nts|300431}} of its {{nts|315465}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:749607-705244}}|705244|1}} from its 2016 population of {{nts|705244}}. With a land area of {{convert|461.78|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|749607|461.78|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000246 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Manitoba | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 19, 2022}}</ref> The Winnipeg census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 834,678 in 2021.<ref name=2021censusCMA>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 20, 2022}}</ref> Thus, Winnipeg is Manitoba's largest city and Canada's sixth largest city,<ref name=2021census/> while it is Canada's eighth largest CMA.<ref name=2021censusCMA/>',
168 => '',
169 => 'Winnipeg represents 54.9% of the population of the province of Manitoba, the highest population concentration in one city of any province in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312215907/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A|archivedate=12 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities)|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HdM14Gov?url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D|archivedate=25 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from the city of Winnipeg, the Winnipeg CMA includes the [[List of rural municipalities in Manitoba|rural municipalities]] of [[Rural Municipality of Springfield|Springfield]], [[Rural Municipality of St. Clements|St. Clements]], [[rural Municipality of Taché|Taché]], [[Rural Municipality of East St. Paul|East St. Paul]], [[Rural Municipality of Macdonald|Macdonald]], [[Rural Municipality of Ritchot|Ritchot]], [[Rural Municipality of West St. Paul|West St. Paul]], [[Rural Municipality of Headingley|Headingley]], the [[Brokenhead 4, Manitoba|Brokenhead 4 reserve]], [[Rural Municipality of Rosser|Rosser]] and [[Rural Municipality of St. François Xavier|St. François Xavier]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census profile: Winnipeg (census metropolitan area)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305052713/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=602&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|archivedate=5 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Statistics Canada]]'s estimate of the Winnipeg CMA population as of 1 July 2020 is 850,056, making it the 7th largest CMA in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population estimates, July 1, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2016 boundaries1|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710013501|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=13 June 2021}}</ref>',
170 => '',
171 => 'As of the 2006 census, 48.3 percent of residents were male and 51.7 percent were female. 24.3 percent were 19 years old or younger, 27.4 percent were between 20 and 30 years old, and 34.0 percent were between 40 and 64 years old. The average age of a Winnipegger in May 2006 was 38.7, compared to an average of 39.5 for Canada as a whole.<ref name="2006CityProfile">{{cite web',
172 => '| url = http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=',
173 => '| title = Community Profile of the City of Winnipeg',
174 => '| publisher = Statistics Canada',
175 => '| date = 30 September 2007',
176 => '| accessdate = 30 September 2007',
177 => '| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140108004835/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=',
178 => '| archivedate = 8 January 2014',
179 => '| url-status = live',
180 => '}}</ref> Between the censuses of 2006 and 2011, Winnipeg's population increased by 4.8 percent, compared to 5.2 percent for Manitoba as a whole. The population density of the city of Winnipeg averaged 1,430 people per km<sup>2</sup>, compared with 2.2 for Manitoba.<ref name=cy11>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Statistics Canada|title=Census Profile: Winnipeg (city)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724040230/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=|archivedate=24 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>'
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406 => 'https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/hansard/36th_2nd/vol32a/h032a_3.html',
407 => 'https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/members/mla_list_constituency.html',
408 => 'https://www.gov.mb.ca/legtour/legbld.html',
409 => 'https://www.gov.mb.ca/severeweather/thunderstorms.html',
410 => 'https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102',
411 => 'https://www.macleans.ca/canadas-most-dangerous-places-2020/',
412 => 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429457357-29/auto-theft-winnipeg-manitoba-1-rick-linden',
413 => 'https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/01/20/winnipeg-mayor-talks-meth-crisis-safety-during-meeting-with-trudeau.html',
414 => 'https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/canada/winnipeg-climate',
415 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/61Fpvm4AD?url=http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/non_fund_ind.html',
416 => 'https://www.webcitation.org/6HdM14Gov?url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D',
417 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135#identifiers',
418 => 'https://www.winnipeg.ca',
419 => 'https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/2018/2018_wps_annual_report_english.pdf',
420 => 'https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/food/wafer-flapper-open-wide-and-say-sals-177603771.html',
421 => 'https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/more-talk-less-rock-574596792.html',
422 => 'https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/the-road-to-our-signature-dish-124935189.html',
423 => 'https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/featured/trees-451332803.html',
424 => 'https://www.winnipegvitalsigns.org/vital-information/treaty-1/',
425 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79079425/',
426 => 'https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Aboriginal%20peoples&TABID=1&type=0',
427 => 'https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021A00054611040',
428 => 'https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/search-recherche/productresults-resultatsproduits-eng.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=2021S0503602',
429 => 'https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510007101&pickMembers%5B0%5D=2.2&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2015&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2019&referencePeriods=20150101,20190101',
430 => 'https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710013501',
431 => 'https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000246',
432 => 'https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501',
433 => 'https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1974-eng.htm'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>putin
i hate putteen president of russiaweb.archive.org/web/20130724040230/<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=%7Carchivedate=24">http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=46&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=%7Carchivedate=24</a> July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
</p>
<table class="wikitable floatleft">
<caption>Ethnic origins, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-nhs11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhs11-1">[1]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Ethnicity
</th>
<th>Population
</th>
<th>%
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>English
</td>
<td>137,075
</td>
<td>21.1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Scottish
</td>
<td>113,465
</td>
<td>17.4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Canadian
</td>
<td>108,955
</td>
<td>16.76
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>German
</td>
<td>105,910
</td>
<td>16.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Ukrainian
</td>
<td>98,860
</td>
<td>15.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Irish
</td>
<td>85,800
</td>
<td>13.2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>French
</td>
<td>85,025
</td>
<td>13.1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Aboriginal (incl. Métis)
</td>
<td>76,055
</td>
<td>11.7
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Filipino
</td>
<td>58,255
</td>
<td>9.0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Polish
</td>
<td>50,385
</td>
<td>7.8
</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Winnipeg has a significant and increasing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">Aboriginal</a> population, with both the highest percentage of Aboriginal peoples (12.2%) for any major Canadian city, and the highest total number of Aboriginals (84,305) for any single non-reserve municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> The Aboriginal population grew by 22% between 2001 and 2006, compared to an increase of 3% for the city as a whole; this population tends to be younger and less wealthy than non-Aboriginal residents.<sup id="cite_ref-uaps_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uaps-3">[3]</a></sup> Winnipeg also has the highest Métis population in both percentage (6.3%) and numbers (41,005); the growth rate for this population between 2001 and 2006 was 30%.<sup id="cite_ref-nhs11_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhs11-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uaps_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uaps-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>The city has the greatest percentage of Filipino residents (8.7%) of any major Canadian city, although <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> has more Filipinos by total population. In 2006, Winnipeg ranked seventh of the Canadian cities for percentage of residents of a visible minority.<sup id="cite_ref-nhs11_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhs11-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> As of the 2016 Census, the population was 63.9% European in origin (73.5% of the city was white in 2006), while non-aboriginal visible minorities represent 23.5% (up from 16.3% in 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-nhs11_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhs11-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2006CityProfile_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006CityProfile-5">[5]</a></sup> The city receives over 10,000 net international immigrants per year.<sup id="cite_ref-ctr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctr-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>More than a hundred languages are spoken in Winnipeg, of which the most common is English: 99 percent of Winnipeggers are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fluency" title="Fluency">fluent</a> English speakers, 88 percent speak only English, and 0.1 percent speak only French (Canada's other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>). 10 percent speak both English and French, while 1.3 percent speak neither. Other languages spoken as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">mother tongue</a> in Winnipeg include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Tagalog</a> (5.0%), German (2.5%), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> (both 1.4%). Several Aboriginal languages are also spoken, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a> (0.3%) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a> (0.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-cy11_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cy11-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>The 2011 National Household Survey reported the religious make-up of Winnipeg as: 63.7% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, including 29.7% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, 8.1% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church</a>, and 4.6% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>; 1.7% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>; 1.6% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>; 1.5% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>; 1.0% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>; 1.0% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>; 0.3% <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_American_religion" title="Native American religion">traditional (aboriginal) spirituality</a>; 0.4% other; and 28.9% no religious affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-nhs11_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhs11-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Festivals"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Festivals</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Local_media"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Local media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Law_and_government"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Law and government</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Crime"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Crime</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Infrastructure"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Medical_centres_and_hospitals"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Medical centres and hospitals</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Utilities"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Utilities</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Military"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Military</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_corporations_based_in_Winnipeg" title="List of corporations based in Winnipeg">List of corporations based in Winnipeg</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winnipeg_Mint.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Winnipeg_Mint.JPG/220px-Winnipeg_Mint.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Winnipeg_Mint.JPG/330px-Winnipeg_Mint.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Winnipeg_Mint.JPG/440px-Winnipeg_Mint.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winnipeg_Mint.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a>'s facility in Winnipeg produces <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coins_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Coins of the Canadian dollar">Canadian coins</a> for circulation, as well as foreign coins.</div></div></div>
<p>Winnipeg is an economic base and regional centre. It has a diversified economy, with major employment in the health care and social assistance (15%), retail (11%), manufacturing (8%), and public administration (8%) sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-ecprofile_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecprofile-8">[8]</a></sup> There were approximately 444,000 jobs in the city as of 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-ecprofile_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecprofile-8">[8]</a></sup> Some of Winnipeg's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including the Province of Manitoba, the University of Manitoba, the City of Winnipeg, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Hydro" title="Manitoba Hydro">Manitoba Hydro</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Liquor_%26_Lotteries_Corporation" title="Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation">Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation</a>. Major private-sector employers include Canad Corporation of Manitoba, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great-West_Life_Assurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-West Life Assurance Company">Canada Life Assurance Company</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/StandardAero" title="StandardAero">StandardAero</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/SkipTheDishes" title="SkipTheDishes">SkipTheDishes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conference_Board_of_Canada" title="Conference Board of Canada">Conference Board of Canada</a>, Winnipeg was projected to experience a real GDP growth of 1.9 percent in 2019. Gross Domestic Product was $43.3 Billion in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The city had an unemployment rate of 5.3% in 2019, compared to a national rate of 5.7%. Household income per capita was $47,824, compared to $49,744 nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a>, established in 1976, produces all circulating coinage in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> The facility, located in southeastern Winnipeg, also produces coins for many other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2012, Winnipeg was ranked by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a> as the least expensive location to do business in western Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Like many prairie cities, Winnipeg has a relatively low cost of living.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> The average house price in Winnipeg was $301,518 as of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-11">[11]</a></sup> As of May 2014, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Consumer_Price_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Price Index">Consumer Price Index</a> was 125.8 relative to 2002 prices, reflecting consumer costs at the Canadian average.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_arts_and_culture" title="Winnipeg arts and culture">Winnipeg arts and culture</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Winnipeg" title="List of people from Winnipeg">List of people from Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Winnipeg" title="Category:Museums in Winnipeg">Category:Museums in Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Theatre_companies_in_Manitoba" title="Category:Theatre companies in Manitoba">Category:Theatre companies in Manitoba</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_TV_and_films_shot_in_Winnipeg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of TV and films shot in Winnipeg">List of TV and films shot in Winnipeg</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Winnipeg_musicians" title="List of Winnipeg musicians">List of Winnipeg musicians</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Esplanderiel.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Esplanderiel.jpg/170px-Esplanderiel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Esplanderiel.jpg/255px-Esplanderiel.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Esplanderiel.jpg/340px-Esplanderiel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="928" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Esplanderiel.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esplanade_Riel" title="Esplanade Riel">Esplanade Riel</a> is a landmark and pedestrian bridge in the city. It connects downtown Winnipeg with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Boniface,_Winnipeg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Boniface, Winnipeg">St. Boniface</a> neighbourhood.</div></div></div>
<p>Winnipeg was named the Cultural Capital of Canada in 2010 by Canadian Heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> As of 2021, there are 26 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Manitoba" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Manitoba">National Historic Sites of Canada</a> in Winnipeg.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> One of these, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Forks,_Winnipeg" title="The Forks, Winnipeg">The Forks</a>, attracts four million visitors a year.<sup id="cite_ref-forks_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forks-20">[20]</a></sup> It is home to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (TV network)">City</a> television studio, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Theatre_for_Young_People" title="Manitoba Theatre for Young People">Manitoba Theatre for Young People</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_International_Children%27s_Festival" title="Winnipeg International Children's Festival">Winnipeg International Children's Festival</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Children%27s_Museum" title="Manitoba Children's Museum">Manitoba Children's Museum</a>. It also features a 2,800 m<sup>2</sup> (30,000 sq ft) skate plaza, a 790 m<sup>2</sup> (8,500 sq ft) bowl complex, which features a mural of Winnipeg skateboarding pioneer Jai Pereira, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esplanade_Riel" title="Esplanade Riel">Esplanade Riel</a> bridge,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> a river walkway, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shaw_Park" title="Shaw Park">Shaw Park</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights" title="Canadian Museum for Human Rights">Canadian Museum for Human Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-forks_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forks-20">[20]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Public_Library" title="Winnipeg Public Library">Winnipeg Public Library</a> is a public library network with 20 branches throughout the city, including the main <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millennium_Library_(Winnipeg)" title="Millennium Library (Winnipeg)">Millennium Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_the_Bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg the Bear">Winnipeg the Bear</a>, which would become the inspiration for part of the name of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh" title="Winnie-the-Pooh">Winnie-the-Pooh</a>, was purchased in Ontario by Lieutenant <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Colebourn" title="Harry Colebourn">Harry Colebourn</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Fort_Garry_Horse" title="The Fort Garry Horse">the Fort Garry Horse</a>. He named the bear after the regiment's home town of Winnipeg.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/A._A._Milne" title="A. A. Milne">A. A. Milne</a> later wrote a series of books featuring the fictional Winnie-the-Pooh. The series' illustrator, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/E._H._Shepard" title="E. H. Shepard">Ernest H. Shepard</a>, created the only known oil painting of Winnipeg's adopted fictional bear, displayed in Assiniboine Park.<sup id="cite_ref-shepard_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shepard-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>The city has developed many distinct dishes and cooking styles, notably in the areas of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hot-smoking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-smoking">hot-smoked fish</a>. Both the First Nations and more recent Eastern Canadian, European, and Asian immigrants have helped shape Winnipeg's dining scene, giving birth to dishes such as the desserts <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Schmoo_torte" title="Schmoo torte">schmoo torte</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flapper_pie" title="Flapper pie">wafer pie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Art_Gallery" title="Winnipeg Art Gallery">Winnipeg Art Gallery</a> is Western Canada's oldest public art gallery, founded in 1912. It is the sixth-largest in the country<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> and includes the world's largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art.<sup id="cite_ref-ce_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> Since the late 1970s Winnipeg has also had an active <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_artist-run_centres" title="Canadian artist-run centres">artist run centre</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg/220px-Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg/330px-Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg/440px-Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Centennial_Concert_Hall.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centennial_Concert_Hall" title="Centennial Concert Hall">Centennial Concert Hall</a> is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performing_arts_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts centre">performing arts centre</a> that is home to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Opera" title="Manitoba Opera">Manitoba Opera</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Winnipeg_Ballet" title="Royal Winnipeg Ballet">Royal Winnipeg Ballet</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra">Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Winnipeg's three largest performing arts venues, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Centennial_Concert_Hall" title="Centennial Concert Hall">Centennial Concert Hall</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Manitoba_Theatre_Centre" title="Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre">Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pantages_Playhouse_Theatre" title="Pantages Playhouse Theatre">Pantages Playhouse Theatre</a>, are downtown. The Royal Manitoba is Canada's oldest English-language regional theatre, with over 250 performances yearly.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> The Pantages Playhouse Theatre opened as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vaudeville#Architecture" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville house</a> in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> Other city theatres include the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burton_Cummings_Theatre" title="Burton Cummings Theatre">Burton Cummings Theatre</a> (a National Historic Site of Canada built in 1906<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prairie_Theatre_Exchange" title="Prairie Theatre Exchange">Prairie Theatre Exchange</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Le_Cercle_Moli%C3%A8re" title="Le Cercle Molière">Le Cercle Molière</a>, based in St Boniface, is Canada's oldest theatre company; it was founded in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainbow_Stage" title="Rainbow Stage">Rainbow Stage</a> is a musical theatre production company based in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kildonan_Park" title="Kildonan Park">Kildonan Park</a> that produces professional, live Broadway musical shows and is Canada's longest-surviving outdoor theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-ce_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Theatre_for_Young_People" title="Manitoba Theatre for Young People">Manitoba Theatre for Young People</a> at The Forks is one of only two Theatres for Young Audiences in Canada with a permanent residence and the only Theatre for Young Audiences that offers a full season of plays for teenagers.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Jewish_Theatre" title="Winnipeg Jewish Theatre">Winnipeg Jewish Theatre</a> is the only professional theatre in Canada dedicated to Jewish themes.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Ruins" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare in the Ruins">Shakespeare in the Ruins</a> (SIR) presents adaptations of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> plays.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>Winnipeg has hosted numerous <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> productions: <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shall_We_Dance%3F_(2004_film)" title="Shall We Dance? (2004 film)">Shall We Dance?</a></i> (2004), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Capote_(film)" title="Capote (film)">Capote</a></i> (2005), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Jesse_James_by_the_Coward_Robert_Ford" title="The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford">The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford</a></i> (2007), and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_Dog%27s_Purpose" title="A Dog's Purpose">A Dog's Purpose</a></i> (2017), among others were filmed in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Film_Group" title="Winnipeg Film Group">Winnipeg Film Group</a> has produced numerous award-winning films.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> There are several TV and film production companies in Winnipeg: the most prominent are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farpoint_Films" title="Farpoint Films">Farpoint Films</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frantic_Films" title="Frantic Films">Frantic Films</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buffalo_Gal_Pictures" title="Buffalo Gal Pictures">Buffalo Gal Pictures</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Les_Productions_Rivard" title="Les Productions Rivard">Les Productions Rivard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> Guy Maddin's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/My_Winnipeg" title="My Winnipeg">My Winnipeg</a></i>, an independent film released in 2008, is a comedic rumination on the city's history.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG/220px-The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG/330px-The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG/440px-The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="1723" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:The_Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights_as_seen_from_The_Forks_Tower_02.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Located in Winnipeg, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights" title="Canadian Museum for Human Rights">Canadian Museum for Human Rights</a> is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_museums_of_Canada" title="National museums of Canada">national museum of Canada</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra">Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra</a> is the largest and oldest professional musical ensemble in Winnipeg.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Chamber_Orchestra" title="Manitoba Chamber Orchestra">Manitoba Chamber Orchestra</a> runs a series of chamber orchestral concerts each year.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Opera" title="Manitoba Opera">Manitoba Opera</a> is Manitoba's only full-time professional opera company.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> Among the most notable musical acts associated with Winnipeg are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachman%E2%80%93Turner_Overdrive" title="Bachman–Turner Overdrive">Bachman–Turner Overdrive</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-juno_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juno-47">[47]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guess_Who" title="The Guess Who">The Guess Who</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Weakerthans" title="The Weakerthans">The Weakerthans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crash_Test_Dummies" title="Crash Test Dummies">Crash Test Dummies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Propagandhi" title="Propagandhi">Propagandhi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bif_Naked" title="Bif Naked">Bif Naked</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Watchmen_(band)" title="The Watchmen (band)">The Watchmen</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> among many others.<sup id="cite_ref-juno_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juno-47">[47]</a></sup> Winnipeg also has a significant place in Canadian jazz history, being the location of Canada's first jazz concert in 1914 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pantages_Playhouse_Theatre" title="Pantages Playhouse Theatre">Pantages Playhouse Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Winnipeg_Ballet" title="Royal Winnipeg Ballet">Royal Winnipeg Ballet</a> (RWB) is Canada's oldest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ballet_company" title="Ballet company">ballet company</a> and the longest continuously operating ballet company in North America. It was the first organization to be granted a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal title</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, and has included notable dancers such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Evelyn_Hart" title="Evelyn Hart">Evelyn Hart</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a>. The RWB also runs a full-time classical dance school.<sup id="cite_ref-rwb_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rwb-56">[56]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Museum" title="Manitoba Museum">Manitoba Museum</a>, the city's largest museum, depicts the history of the city and province. The full-size replica of the ship <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nonsuch_(1650_ship)" title="Nonsuch (1650 ship)"><i>Nonsuch</i></a> is the museum's showcase piece.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Children%27s_Museum" title="Manitoba Children's Museum">Manitoba Children's Museum</a> is a nonprofit <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Children%27s_museum" title="Children's museum">children's museum</a> at The Forks that features twelve permanent galleries.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights" title="Canadian Museum for Human Rights">Canadian Museum for Human Rights</a> is the only Canadian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National museum">national museum</a> for human rights and the only national museum west of Ottawa.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup> The federal government contributed $100 million towards the estimated $311-million project.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> Construction of the museum began on 1 April 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> and the museum opened to the public 27 September 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Canada_Aviation_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Canada Aviation Museum">Western Canada Aviation Museum</a>, in a hangar at Winnipeg's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_James_Armstrong_Richardson_International_Airport" title="Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport">James Richardson International Airport</a>, features military jets, commercial aircraft, Canada's first helicopter, the "flying saucer" <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Avrocar" class="mw-redirect" title="Avrocar">Avrocar</a>, flight simulators, and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Brant_(rocket)" title="Black Brant (rocket)">Black Brant</a> rocket built in Manitoba by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol_Aerospace" title="Bristol Aerospace">Bristol Aerospace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCaffery2000_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCaffery2000-64">[64]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Railway_Museum" title="Winnipeg Railway Museum">Winnipeg Railway Museum</a> at Via Rail Station has a variety of locomotives, notably the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Countess_of_Dufferin" title="Countess of Dufferin">Countess of Dufferin</a></i>, the first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> in Western Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Winnipeg_Railway_Museum_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Winnipeg_Railway_Museum-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Festivals">Festivals</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Festivals">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Winnipeg" title="List of festivals in Winnipeg">List of festivals in Winnipeg</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Korean_Pavilion.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Korean_Pavilion.jpg/260px-Korean_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="114" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Korean_Pavilion.jpg/390px-Korean_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Korean_Pavilion.jpg/520px-Korean_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5471" data-file-height="2389" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Korean_Pavilion.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Korean Pavilion during <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folklorama" title="Folklorama">Folklorama</a>.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Festival_du_Voyageur" title="Festival du Voyageur">Festival du Voyageur</a>, Western Canada's largest winter festival, celebrates the early French explorers of the Red River Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folklorama" title="Folklorama">Folklorama</a> is the largest and longest-running cultural celebration festival in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-folklorama1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-folklorama1-67">[67]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jazz_Winnipeg_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz Winnipeg Festival">Jazz Winnipeg Festival</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Folk_Festival" title="Winnipeg Folk Festival">Winnipeg Folk Festival</a> both celebrate Winnipeg's music community. The Winnipeg Music Festival offers a competition venue to amateur musicians. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Fringe_Theatre_Festival" title="Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival">Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival</a> is the second-largest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternative_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative theatre">alternative theatre</a> festival in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_International_Writers_Festival" title="Winnipeg International Writers Festival">Winnipeg International Writers Festival</a> (also called THIN AIR) brings writers to Winnipeg for workshops and readings.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community in the city is served by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pride_Winnipeg" title="Pride Winnipeg">Pride Winnipeg</a>, an annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gay_pride" title="Gay pride">gay pride</a> festival and parade, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reel_Pride" title="Reel Pride">Reel Pride</a>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film festival</a> of LGBT-themed films.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sport_in_Winnipeg" title="Sport in Winnipeg">Sport in Winnipeg</a></div>
<p>Winnipeg has been home to several professional <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">hockey</a> teams. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) have called the city home since 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> The original <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets_(1972-96)" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg Jets (1972-96)">Winnipeg Jets</a>, the city's former NHL team, left for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a> after the 1995–96 season due to mounting financial troubles, despite a campaign effort to "Save the Jets".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> The Jets play at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada_Life_Centre" title="Canada Life Centre">Canada Life Centre</a>, which is ranked the world's 19th-busiest arena among non-sporting touring events, 13th-busiest among facilities in North America, and 3rd-busiest in Canada as of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg/240px-MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="127" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg/360px-MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg/480px-MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="535" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:MTS_CENTRE_b.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada_Life_Centre" title="Canada Life Centre">Canada Life Centre</a> is an indoor arena in downtown Winnipeg. It is the home arena of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">AHL</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Moose" title="Manitoba Moose">Manitoba Moose</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Past hockey teams based in Winnipeg include the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Maroons" title="Winnipeg Maroons">Winnipeg Maroons</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Warriors" title="Winnipeg Warriors">Winnipeg Warriors</a>, three time Stanley Cup Champion <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Victorias" title="Winnipeg Victorias">Winnipeg Victorias</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Falcons" title="Winnipeg Falcons">Winnipeg Falcons</a>, who were the first ever Gold Medal Olympians, representing Canada in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. Another professional ice hockey team in Winnipeg is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Moose" title="Manitoba Moose">Manitoba Moose</a>, the American Hockey League primary affiliate of the Winnipeg Jets that are owned by the same group .<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup> On the international stage, Winnipeg has hosted national and world hockey championships on a number of occasions, most notably the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1999_World_Junior_Ice_Hockey_Championships" title="1999 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships">1999 World Junior Hockey Championship</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2007_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship" title="2007 IIHF Women's World Championship">2007 Women's World Hockey Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> In 2019, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a> returned to Winnipeg after a long absence with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kootenay_Ice" title="Kootenay Ice">Kootenay Ice</a> relocating as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Ice" title="Winnipeg Ice">Winnipeg Ice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers" title="Winnipeg Blue Bombers">Winnipeg Blue Bombers</a> play in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a>. They are twelve-time <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> champions, their last championship in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-gc_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gc-79">[79]</a></sup> From 1953 to 2012, the Blue Bombers called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canad_Inns_Stadium" title="Canad Inns Stadium">Canad Inns Stadium</a> home; they have since moved to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IG_Field" title="IG Field">IG Field</a>. Due to construction delays and cost overruns, the stadium was not ready for the 2012 CFL season, instead opening in 2013. The $200-million facility is also the home to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U_Sports_football" title="U Sports football">U Sports'</a> University of Manitoba Bisons and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Rifles" title="Winnipeg Rifles">Winnipeg Rifles</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Junior_Football_League" title="Canadian Junior Football League">Canadian Junior Football League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>The University of Manitoba <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Bisons" title="Manitoba Bisons">Bisons</a> and the University of Winnipeg <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Wesmen" title="Winnipeg Wesmen">Wesmen</a> represent the city in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">university-level sports</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup> In soccer, it is represented by both <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valour_FC" title="Valour FC">Valour FC</a> in the new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Premier_League" title="Canadian Premier League">Canadian Premier League</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/WSA_Winnipeg" class="mw-redirect" title="WSA Winnipeg">WSA Winnipeg</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup>
</p><p>Winnipeg has been home to several professional baseball teams, most recently the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Goldeyes" title="Winnipeg Goldeyes">Winnipeg Goldeyes</a> since 1994. The Goldeyes play at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shaw_Park" title="Shaw Park">Shaw Park</a>, which was completed in 1999. The team had led the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_League_(baseball,_1993%E2%80%932010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)">Northern League</a> for ten straight years in average attendance through 2010, with more than 300,000 annual fan visits, until the league collapsed and merged into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Association_of_Independent_Professional_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association of Independent Professional Baseball">American Association of Independent Professional Baseball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup>
</p><p>Winnipeg was the first Canadian city to host the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a>, and the second city to host the event twice, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1967_Pan_American_Games" title="1967 Pan American Games">1967</a> and again in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1999_Pan_American_Games" title="1999 Pan American Games">1999</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pan_Am_Pool" title="Pan Am Pool">Pan Am Pool</a>, built for the 1967 Pan Am Games, hosts aquatic events, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diving_(sport)" title="Diving (sport)">diving</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">speed swimming</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">synchronized swimming</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indoor_pools_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indoor_pools-87">[87]</a></sup> Winnipeg co-hosted the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup">2015 FIFA Women's World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Professional sports teams
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Club
</th>
<th>Sport
</th>
<th>League
</th>
<th>Venue
</th>
<th>Established
</th>
<th>Championships
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers" title="Winnipeg Blue Bombers">Winnipeg Blue Bombers</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Football</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">CFL</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osborne_Stadium" title="Osborne Stadium">Osborne Stadium</a> (1935–1952)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg Stadium">Winnipeg Stadium</a> (1953–2012)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IG_Field" title="IG Field">IG Field</a> (2013–present)
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">1930
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">12
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Hockey_Association" title="World Hockey Association">WHA</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Arena" title="Winnipeg Arena">Winnipeg Arena</a> (1972–1996)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada_Life_Centre" title="Canada Life Centre">Canada Life Centre</a> (2011–present)
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets_(1972%E2%80%9396)" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg Jets (1972–96)">Original</a>: 1972–1996<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Current</a>: 2011
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">3 (WHA Avco Cup)<br /> 0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valour_FC" title="Valour FC">Valour FC</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Premier_League" title="Canadian Premier League">CPL</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IG_Field" title="IG Field">IG Field</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">2018
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Goldeyes" title="Winnipeg Goldeyes">Winnipeg Goldeyes</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_League_(baseball,_1993%E2%80%932010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)">Northern League</a> (1994–2010)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Association_of_Independent_Professional_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association of Independent Professional Baseball">American Association</a> (2011–present)
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shaw_Park" title="Shaw Park">Shaw Park</a>
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">1994
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Moose" title="Manitoba Moose">Manitoba Moose</a>
</td>
<td>Ice hockey
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Hockey_League_(1945%E2%80%932001)" title="International Hockey League (1945–2001)">IHL</a> (1996–2001)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">AHL</a> (2001–2011, 2015–present)
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Arena" title="Winnipeg Arena">Winnipeg Arena</a> (1996–2004)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada_Life_Centre" title="Canada Life Centre">Canada Life Centre</a> (2004–2011, 2015–present)
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">1996–2011, 2015–present
</td>
<td style="text-align:center;">0
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Local_media">Local media</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Local media">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png/220px-Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png/330px-Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png/440px-Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="679" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Cbcwinnipeg_building2010.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBWT-DT" title="CBWT-DT">CBC Manitoba</a> is one of five English-language television broadcasters in Winnipeg and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBWFT-DT" title="CBWFT-DT">ICI Manitoba</a> is the French-language station.</div></div></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_in_Winnipeg" title="Media in Winnipeg">Media in Winnipeg</a></div>
<p>Winnipeg has two daily newspapers: the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press" title="Winnipeg Free Press">Winnipeg Free Press</a></i> and the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Sun" title="Winnipeg Sun">Winnipeg Sun</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup> There are also several ethnic weekly newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup>
</p><p>Radio broadcasting in Winnipeg began in 1922;<sup id="cite_ref-MOIR15_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOIR15-91">[91]</a></sup> by 1923, government-owned <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBW_(AM)#History" title="CBW (AM)">CKY</a> held a monopoly position that lasted until after the Second World War. Winnipeg is home to 33 AM and FM radio stations, two of which are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French-language</a> stations.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBC_Radio_2" class="mw-redirect" title="CBC Radio 2">CBC Radio 2</a> broadcast local and national programming in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Native_Communications_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Communications Inc">NCI</a> is devoted to Indigenous programming.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup>
</p><p>Television broadcasting in Winnipeg started in 1954. The federal government refused to license any private broadcaster until the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> had created a national network. In May 1954, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBWT" class="mw-redirect" title="CBWT">CBWT</a> went on the air with four hours of broadcasting per day.<sup id="cite_ref-A_History_v_1995_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_History_v_1995-95">[95]</a></sup> There are now five English-language stations and one French-language station based in Winnipeg. Additionally, some American network affiliates are available over-the-air.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Law_and_government">Law and government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Law and government">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law,_government,_and_crime_in_Winnipeg" title="Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg">Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG/220px-Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG/330px-Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG/440px-Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winnipeg%27s_City_Hall_building.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Winnipeg City Hall is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_City_Council" title="Winnipeg City Council">seat of municipal government</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Since 1992, the city of Winnipeg has been represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor, both elected every four years.<sup id="cite_ref-munic_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munic-97">[97]</a></sup> The present mayor, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Bowman_(politician)" title="Brian Bowman (politician)">Brian Bowman</a>, was first elected to office in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-ce_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-28">[28]</a></sup> The city is a single-tier municipality, governed by a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">mayor-council system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ce_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-28">[28]</a></sup> The structure of the municipal government is set by the provincial legislature in the City of Winnipeg Charter Act, which replaced the old <a href="/enwiki/wiki/City_of_Winnipeg_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Winnipeg Act">City of Winnipeg Act</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-98">[98]</a></sup> The mayor is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">chief executive</a> of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup> At Council meetings, the mayor has one of 16 votes. The City Council is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> legislative body, representing geographical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ward_(division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (division)">wards</a> throughout the city.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-98">[98]</a></sup>
</p><p>In provincial politics, Winnipeg is represented by 32 of the 57 provincial <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">Members of the Legislative Assembly</a> (MLAs). As of 2019, Winnipeg districts are represented by 15 members of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative Party</a>, 14 by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP), and 3 by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lesislaturemb.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lesislaturemb.jpg/220px-Lesislaturemb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lesislaturemb.jpg/330px-Lesislaturemb.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Lesislaturemb.jpg/440px-Lesislaturemb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lesislaturemb.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Winnipeg is home to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Legislative_Building" title="Manitoba Legislative Building">Manitoba Legislative Building</a>, which houses the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In federal politics, as of 2019 Winnipeg is represented by eight <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Members of Parliament</a>: four <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberals</a>, two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservatives</a> and two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democrat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup> There are five <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senators</a> representing Manitoba in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> (plus one seat vacant as of April 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-senate_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senate-102">[102]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Crime">Crime</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Law,_government,_and_crime_in_Winnipeg" title="Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg">Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg</a></div>
<p>From 2007 to 2011, Winnipeg was the "murder capital" of Canada, with the highest per-capita rate of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicides</a>; as of 2019 it is in second place, behind <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup> As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Winnipeg had the 13-highest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crime_in_Canada#Violent_crime_severity_index_by_CMA" title="Crime in Canada">violent crime index</a> in Canada, and the highest robbery rate.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup> Despite high overall violent crime rates, crime in Winnipeg is mostly concentrated in the inner city, which makes up only 19% of the population<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup> but was the site of 86.4% of the city's shootings, 66.5% of the robberies, 63.3% of the homicides and 59.5% of the sexual assaults in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-CrimeStat_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrimeStat-107">[107]</a></sup>
</p><p>From the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, Winnipeg had a significant auto-theft problem, with the rate peaking at 2,165.0 per 100,000 residents in 2006<sup id="cite_ref-Every_Annual_Crime_Report_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Every_Annual_Crime_Report-108">[108]</a></sup> compared to 487 auto-thefts per 100,000 residents for Canada as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup> To combat auto theft, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Public_Insurance" title="Manitoba Public Insurance">Manitoba Public Insurance</a> established financial incentives for motor vehicle owners to install ignition <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Immobilizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Immobilizer">immobilizers</a> in their vehicles, and now requires owners of high-risk vehicles to install immobilizers.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup> These initiatives resulted in an 80% decrease in auto thefts between 2006 and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 2018, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Police_Service" title="Winnipeg Police Service">Winnipeg Police Service</a> had 1,914 police officers, which is one officer per 551 city residents, and cost taxpayers $290,564,015.<sup id="cite_ref-2018Report_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018Report-112">[112]</a></sup> In November 2013, the national police union reviewed the Winnipeg Police Force and found high average response times for several categories of calls.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></sup> In 2017, the city started to deal with an increasingly large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a> problem, fuelling violent crime.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_schools_of_Winnipeg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of Winnipeg">List of schools of Winnipeg</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg/220px-UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg/330px-UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg/440px-UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="1489" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:UManitoba_Administration_Building.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Located in Winnipeg, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a> is the largest post-secondary institution in the province.</div></div></div>
<p>Winnipeg has seven <a href="/enwiki/wiki/School_division" title="School division">school divisions</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_School_Division" title="Winnipeg School Division">Winnipeg School Division</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._James-Assiniboia_School_Division" title="St. James-Assiniboia School Division">St. James-Assiniboia School Division</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pembina_Trails_School_Division" title="Pembina Trails School Division">Pembina Trails School Division</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seven_Oaks_School_Division" title="Seven Oaks School Division">Seven Oaks School Division</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franco-manitoban_School_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-manitoban School Division">Division Scolaire Franco-Manitobaine</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/River_East_Transcona_School_Division" title="River East Transcona School Division">River East Transcona School Division</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Riel_School_Division" title="Louis Riel School Division">Louis Riel School Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup> Winnipeg also has several religious and secular private schools.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a> is the largest university in Manitoba.<sup id="cite_ref-um_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-um-120">[120]</a></sup> It was founded in 1877, making it Western Canada's first university.<sup id="cite_ref-um_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-um-120">[120]</a></sup> In a typical year, the university has 26,500 undergraduate students and 3,800 graduate students.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Saint-Boniface" title="Université de Saint-Boniface">Université de Saint-Boniface</a> is the city's only <a href="/enwiki/wiki/French-language" class="mw-redirect" title="French-language">French-language</a> university.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Winnipeg" title="University of Winnipeg">University of Winnipeg</a> received its charter in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-uw_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uw-123">[123]</a></sup> Until 2007, it was an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate</a> institution that offered some joint graduate studies programs; it now offers independent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graduate_school" title="Graduate school">graduate programs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uw_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uw-123">[123]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Mennonite_University" title="Canadian Mennonite University">Canadian Mennonite University</a> is a private <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a> undergraduate university established in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></sup>
</p><p>Winnipeg also has two independent colleges: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_River_College_Polytechnic" title="Red River College Polytechnic">Red River College Polytechnic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Booth_University_College" title="Booth University College">Booth University College</a>. Red River College offers diploma, certificate, and apprenticeship programs and, starting in 2009, began offering some degree programs.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup> Booth University College is a private Christian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a> university college established in 1982. It offers mostly arts and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> training.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transportation">Transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transport_in_Winnipeg" title="Transport in Winnipeg">Transport in Winnipeg</a></div>
<p>Winnipeg has had public transit since 1882, starting with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horse-drawn streetcars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-horse_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horse-128">[128]</a></sup> They were replaced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electric_tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric tram">electric trolley cars</a>. The trolley cars ran from 1892 to 1955, supplemented by motor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a> after 1918, and electric <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a> from 1938 to 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-horse_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horse-128">[128]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Transit" title="Winnipeg Transit">Winnipeg Transit</a> now runs diesel buses on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Winnipeg_bus_routes" title="List of Winnipeg bus routes">its routes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg/220px-Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg/330px-Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg/440px-Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4565" data-file-height="2568" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Union_Station_Winnipeg_-_Main_St_entrance.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_Station_(Winnipeg)" title="Union Station (Winnipeg)">Union Station</a> is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">inter-city</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">railway station</a> for the city.</div></div></div>
<p>Winnipeg is a railway hub and is served by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Union_Station_(Winnipeg)" title="Union Station (Winnipeg)">Union Station</a> for passenger rail, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burlington_Northern_Santa_Fe_Manitoba" title="Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba">Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba</a>, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Manitoba_Railway" title="Central Manitoba Railway">Central Manitoba Railway</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">freight rail</a>. It is the only major city between Vancouver and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a> with direct US connections by rail.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup>
</p><p>Winnipeg is the largest and best connected city within Manitoba, and has highways leading in all directions from the city. To the south, Winnipeg is connected to the United States via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Highway_75" title="Manitoba Highway 75">Provincial Trunk Highway 75 (PTH 75)</a> (a continuation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interstate_29" title="Interstate 29">I-29</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Route_75" title="U.S. Route 75">US 75</a>, known as Pembina Highway or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_42" title="Winnipeg Route 42">Route 42</a> within Winnipeg). The highway runs 107 km (66 mi) to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emerson,_Manitoba" title="Emerson, Manitoba">Emerson, Manitoba</a>, and is the busiest <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a> crossing on the Prairies.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></sup> The four-lane <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perimeter_Highway_(Winnipeg)" title="Perimeter Highway (Winnipeg)">Perimeter Highway</a>, built in 1969, serves as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">Ring Road</a>, with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/At-grade_intersection" class="mw-redirect" title="At-grade intersection">at-grade intersections</a> and a few <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">interchanges</a>. It allows travellers on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a> to bypass the city.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a> runs east to west through the city (city route), or circles around the city on the Perimeter Highway (beltway). Some of the city's major arterial roads include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_80" title="Winnipeg Route 80">Route 80 (Waverley St.)</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_155" title="Winnipeg Route 155">Route 155 (McGillivray Blvd)</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_165" title="Winnipeg Route 165">Route 165 (Bishop Grandin Blvd.)</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_17" title="Winnipeg Route 17">Route 17 (Chief Peguis Trail)</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Route_90" title="Winnipeg Route 90">Route 90 (Brookside Blvd., Oak Point Hwy., King Edward St., Century St., Kenaston Blvd.)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></sup>
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg/220px-Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg/330px-Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg/440px-Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2518" data-file-height="1880" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_James_Armstrong_Richardson_International_Airport" title="Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport">Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport</a> is the only commercial <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> in the province.</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_James_Armstrong_Richardson_International_Airport" title="Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport">Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport</a> completed a $585-million redevelopment in October 2011. The development brought a new terminal, a four-level parking facility, and other infrastructure improvements.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Bus_Terminal" title="Winnipeg Bus Terminal">Winnipeg Bus Terminal</a>, at Winnipeg International Airport, previously served by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greyhound_Canada" title="Greyhound Canada">Greyhound Canada</a> (through its subsidiary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grey_Goose_Bus_Lines" title="Grey Goose Bus Lines">Grey Goose Bus Lines</a>), Winnipeg Shuttle Service and Brandon Air Shuttle. Since Greyhound's exit from Western Canada, very few remaining routes still serve the terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></sup>
</p><p>Approximately 8,100 ha (20,000 acres) of land to the north and west of the airport has been designated as an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland port</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CentrePort_Canada" title="CentrePort Canada">CentrePort Canada</a>, and is Canada's first <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_Trade_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Trade Zone">Foreign Trade Zone</a>. It is a private sector initiative to develop the infrastructure for Manitoba's trucking, air, rail and sea industries.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></sup> In 2009, construction began on a $212-million four-lane freeway to connect CentrePort with the Perimeter Highway.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></sup> Named CentrePort Canada Way, it opened in November 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></sup>
</p><p>Several taxi companies serve Winnipeg, the largest being Unicity, Duffy's Taxi and Spring Taxi. Ride sharing was legalized in March 2018 and several services including TappCar and Cowboy Taxi operate in Winnipeg.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></sup> Cycling is popular in Winnipeg, and there are many bicycle trails and lanes around the city. Winnipeg holds an annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike-to-Work Day</a><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyclovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclovia">Cyclovia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></sup> and bicycle commuters may be seen year-round, even in the winter. Active living infrastructure in Winnipeg includes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bike_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike lanes">bike lanes</a><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shared_lane_marking" title="Shared lane marking">sharrows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Medical_centres_and_hospitals">Medical centres and hospitals</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Medical centres and hospitals">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Manitoba" title="List of hospitals in Manitoba">List of hospitals in Manitoba</a></div>
<p>Winnipeg's major hospitals include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health_Sciences_Centre_(Winnipeg)" title="Health Sciences Centre (Winnipeg)">Health Sciences Centre</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Concordia_Hospital" title="Concordia Hospital">Concordia Hospital</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deer_Lodge_Centre" title="Deer Lodge Centre">Deer Lodge Centre</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grace_Hospital_(Winnipeg)" title="Grace Hospital (Winnipeg)">Grace Hospital</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Boniface_General_Hospital_(Winnipeg)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Boniface General Hospital (Winnipeg)">Saint Boniface General Hospital</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seven_Oaks_General_Hospital" title="Seven Oaks General Hospital">Seven Oaks General Hospital</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_General_Hospital_(Winnipeg)" title="Victoria General Hospital (Winnipeg)">Victoria General Hospital</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Children%27s_Hospital_of_Winnipeg" title="The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg">The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Microbiology_Laboratory" title="National Microbiology Laboratory">National Microbiology Laboratory</a> in Winnipeg is one of only a handful of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biosafety_level" title="Biosafety level">biosafety level</a> 4 microbiology laboratories in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></sup> The NML houses laboratories of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease collocated in the same facility. Research facilities are also operated through hospitals and private biotechnology companies in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Utilities">Utilities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Utilities">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Water and sewage services are provided by the city.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></sup> The city draws its water via an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Winnipeg_Water_District_Aqueduct" title="Greater Winnipeg Water District Aqueduct">aqueduct</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shoal_Lake_(Kenora_District,_Ontario)" title="Shoal Lake (Kenora District, Ontario)">Shoal Lake</a>, treating and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Water_fluoridation" title="Water fluoridation">fluoridating</a> it at the Deacon Reservoir just outside the city prior to pumping it into the Winnipeg system.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></sup> The city's system has over 2,500 km (1,600 mi) of underground water mains, which are subject to breakage during extreme weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">Electricity</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> are provided by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_Hydro" title="Manitoba Hydro">Manitoba Hydro</a>, a provincial <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crown_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporation">crown corporation</a> headquartered in the city; it uses primarily <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> power.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></sup> The primary telecommunications carrier is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bell_MTS" title="Bell MTS">Bell MTS</a>, although other corporations offer telephone, cellular, television and internet services.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></sup>
</p><p>Winnipeg contracts out several services to private companies, including garbage and recycling collection and street plowing and snow removal. This practice represents a significant budget expenditure. The services have faced numerous complaints from residents about missed service.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Military">Military</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">CFB Winnipeg</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg/240px-CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg/360px-CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg/480px-CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:CFB_Winnipeg_17_Wing_sign.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Entrance to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">CFB Winnipeg</a>. CFB Winnipeg is the home garrison for a number of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> units.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg</a>, co-located at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_James_Armstrong_Richardson_International_Airport" title="Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport">airport</a>, is home to many flight operations support divisions and several training schools. It is also the headquarters of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1_Canadian_Air_Division" title="1 Canadian Air Division">1 Canadian Air Division</a> and the Canadian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a> (NORAD) Region,<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></sup> as well as the home base of 17 Wing of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a>. The Wing comprises three squadrons and six schools; it also provides support to the Central Flying School.<sup id="cite_ref-17_Wing_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17_Wing-158">[158]</a></sup> Excluding the three levels of government, 17 Wing is the fourth largest employer in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></sup> The Wing supports 113 units, stretching from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>–<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> border, and from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel</a> to the high <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17_Wing_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17_Wing-158">[158]</a></sup> 17 Wing also acts as a deployed operating base for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CF-18_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="CF-18 Hornet">CF-18 Hornet</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ground-attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-attack aircraft">fighter-bombers</a> assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region.<sup id="cite_ref-17_Wing_158-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17_Wing-158">[158]</a></sup>
</p><p>There are two squadrons based in the city. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/No._402_Squadron_RCAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 402 Squadron RCAF">402 "City of Winnipeg" Squadron</a> flies the Canadian-designed and produced de Havilland <a href="/enwiki/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_8" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 8">CT-142 Dash 8</a> navigation trainer.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/435_Transport_and_Rescue_Squadron" title="435 Transport and Rescue Squadron">435 "Chinthe" Transport and Rescue Squadron</a> flies the Lockheed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">CC-130 Hercules</a> in airlift <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a> roles.<sup id="cite_ref-chinte_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinte-161">[161]</a></sup> In addition, 435 Squadron is the only <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> squadron equipped and trained to conduct tactical <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">air-to-air refuelling</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chinte_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinte-161">[161]</a></sup>
</p><p>There are several units of the Canadian Army Primary Reserve based in Winnipeg. These include The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada, 38 Service Battalion, 38 Combat Engineer Regiment, 38 Signal Regiment, and The Fort Garry Horse.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HMCS_Chippawa" title="HMCS Chippawa">HMCS Chippawa</a> is a Royal Canadian Navy reserve division in Winnipeg.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></sup>
</p><p>For many years, Winnipeg was the home of the Second Battalion of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Princess_Patricia%27s_Canadian_Light_Infantry" title="Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry">Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry</a>. Initially, the battalion was based at the Fort Osborne Barracks, now the location of the Rady Jewish Community Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></sup> They eventually moved to the Kapyong Barracks between <a href="/enwiki/wiki/River_Heights,_Winnipeg" title="River Heights, Winnipeg">River Heights</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuxedo,_Winnipeg" title="Tuxedo, Winnipeg">Tuxedo</a>. Since 2004, the battalion has operated out of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CFB_Shilo" title="CFB Shilo">CFB Shilo</a> near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brandon,_Manitoba" title="Brandon, Manitoba">Brandon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li><span><img alt="flag" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span><span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_from_Winnipeg" title="List of people from Winnipeg">List of people from Winnipeg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Municipal_waste_management_in_Winnipeg" title="Municipal waste management in Winnipeg">Municipal waste management in Winnipeg</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-nhs11-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhs11_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhs11_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhs11_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhs11_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhs11_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1">"National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011"</a>. Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001448/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Data=Count&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Household+Survey+%28NHS%29+Profile%2C+2011&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D4611040%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DWinnipeg%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26A1%3DAll%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span> Compared to similar profiles generated for other major cities.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4611040&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Winnipeg&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Aboriginal%20peoples&TABID=1&type=0">"Census Profile, 2016, Winnipeg, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Canada [Country] Aboriginal population"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016%2C+Winnipeg%2C+City+%5BCensus+subdivision%5D%2C+Manitoba+and+Canada+%5BCountry%5D+Aboriginal+population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D4611040%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D01%26SearchText%3DWinnipeg%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAboriginal%2520peoples%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-uaps-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uaps_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uaps_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uaps.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/UAPS-Winnipeg-report_FINAL.pdf">"Winnipeg Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study</i>. Environics Institute. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207041046/http://uaps.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/UAPS-Winnipeg-report_FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Urban+Aboriginal+Peoples+Study&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+Report&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uaps.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F02%2FUAPS-Winnipeg-report_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/access_acces/archive.action-eng.cfm?/english/census06/analysis/ethnicorigin/pdf/97-562-XIE2006001.pdf">"National Household Survey – Reference products, 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistics Canada. 28 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201222745/http://www12.statcan.ca/access_acces/archive.action-eng.cfm?%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fanalysis%2Fethnicorigin%2Fpdf%2F97-562-XIE2006001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Household+Survey+%E2%80%93+Reference+products%2C+2011&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Faccess_acces%2Farchive.action-eng.cfm%3F%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fanalysis%2Fethnicorigin%2Fpdf%2F97-562-XIE2006001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2006CityProfile-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006CityProfile_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>2006CityProfile</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
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<li id="cite_note-ctr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ctr_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326080309/http://www.winnipeg.ca/cao/pdfs/TheCommunityTrendsReportOctober2013.pdf">"Community Trends Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Winnipeg. October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/cao/pdfs/TheCommunityTrendsReportOctober2013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Trends+Report&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fcao%2Fpdfs%2FTheCommunityTrendsReportOctober2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-cy11-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cy11_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>cy11</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
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<li id="cite_note-ecprofile-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecprofile_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecprofile_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mb.ca/jec/ecprofiles/pdfs/winnipeg/winnipeg_ep.pdf">"Winnipeg Economic Profile"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Manitoba<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg+Economic+Profile&rft.pub=Government+of+Manitoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mb.ca%2Fjec%2Fecprofiles%2Fpdfs%2Fwinnipeg%2Fwinnipeg_ep.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/site-selection/data-tables">"Largest Employers, All Sectors, Winnipeg, Manitoba"</a>. Economic Development Winnipeg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+Employers%2C+All+Sectors%2C+Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba&rft.pub=Economic+Development+Winnipeg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com%2Fsite-selection%2Fdata-tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/">"Economic Indicators"</a>. <i>Economic Development Winnipeg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economic+Development+Winnipeg&rft.atitle=Economic+Indicators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-indicators-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/choose-winnipeg/locate-expand-here/economic-indicators">"Economic Indicators"</a>. Economic Development Winnipeg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+Indicators&rft.pub=Economic+Development+Winnipeg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com%2Fchoose-winnipeg%2Flocate-expand-here%2Feconomic-indicators&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/visit-the-mint-1200026">"Visit the Mint"</a>. Royal Canadian Mint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620064544/http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/visit-the-mint-1200026">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visit+the+Mint&rft.pub=Royal+Canadian+Mint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mint.ca%2Fstore%2Fmint%2Fabout-the-mint%2Fvisit-the-mint-1200026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/our-services-1200030">"Our Services"</a>. Royal Canadian Mint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620064539/http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/about-the-mint/our-services-1200030">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Services&rft.pub=Royal+Canadian+Mint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mint.ca%2Fstore%2Fmint%2Fabout-the-mint%2Four-services-1200030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006001647/http://www.kpmg.com/Ca/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Press-Releases/Pages/Competitive-Alternatives-Release-Winnipeg.aspx">"Winnipeg the most cost competitive in western Canada"</a>. KPMG. 22 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpmg.com/ca/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/press-releases/pages/competitive-alternatives-release-winnipeg.aspx">the original</a> on 6 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg+the+most+cost+competitive+in+western+Canada&rft.pub=KPMG&rft.date=2012-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpmg.com%2Fca%2Fen%2Fissuesandinsights%2Farticlespublications%2Fpress-releases%2Fpages%2Fcompetitive-alternatives-release-winnipeg.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm">"Consumer price index, by city (monthly)"</a>. Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228042531/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+price+index%2C+by+city+%28monthly%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Ftables-tableaux%2Fsum-som%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fcpis02a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm">"Consumer Price Index, by city (monthly)"</a>. Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228042531/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis02a-eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index%2C+by+city+%28monthly%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Ftables-tableaux%2Fsum-som%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fcpis02a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis01a-eng.htm">"Consumer Price Index, by province (monthly)"</a>. Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707221903/http://statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/cpis01a-eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index%2C+by+province+%28monthly%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Ftables-tableaux%2Fsum-som%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fcpis01a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsforall.ca/">"Arts for All"</a>. Winnipeg Arts Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140516215755/http://artsforall.ca/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arts+for+All&rft.pub=Winnipeg+Arts+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsforall.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=Winnipeg&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlProvince=100069&dey=&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlCustodian=">"Winnipeg"</a>. <i>Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Directory+of+Federal+Heritage+Designations&rft.atitle=Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Fapps%2Fdfhd%2Fresults-resultats_eng.aspx%3Fp%3D1%26m%3D10%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524txtKeyword%3D%26desCheck%3DNHS%26c%3DWinnipeg%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524ddlProvince%3D100069%26dey%3D%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524ddlCustodian%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130101115246/http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=Boniface&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$ddlProvince=100069&dey=&ctl00$Main$PageSearch1$ddlCustodian=">St. Boniface</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-forks-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forks_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forks_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704072710/http://www.theforks.com/forks">"The Forks"</a>. The Forks. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theforks.com/forks">the original</a> on 4 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Forks&rft.pub=The+Forks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theforks.com%2Fforks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090703055042/http://www.theforks.com/28">"Attractions"</a>. The Forks. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theforks.com/28">the original</a> on 3 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attractions&rft.pub=The+Forks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theforks.com%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winnipeg.ca/interhom/guide/all/Library.stm">"Library Services"</a>. <i>Newcomers Pocket Guide to Winnipeg</i>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713162941/http://www.winnipeg.ca/interhom/guide/all/Library.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newcomers+Pocket+Guide+to+Winnipeg&rft.atitle=Library+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinnipeg.ca%2Finterhom%2Fguide%2Fall%2FLibrary.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.just-pooh.com/history.html">"History of Winnie the Pooh"</a>. Disney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090728094121/http://www.just-pooh.com/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Winnie+the+Pooh&rft.pub=Disney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.just-pooh.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-shepard-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shepard_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poohcorner.com/Ernest-H.-Shepard-Illustrator.html">"Ernest H. Shepard, Illustrator"</a>. <i>Pooh Corner</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828100636/http://www.poohcorner.com/Ernest-H.-Shepard-Illustrator.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pooh+Corner&rft.atitle=Ernest+H.+Shepard%2C+Illustrator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poohcorner.com%2FErnest-H.-Shepard-Illustrator.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKives2011" class="citation news cs1">Kives, Bartley (3 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/the-road-to-our-signature-dish-124935189.html">"The road to our signature dish: Interesting fusion creation a contender"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=The+road+to+our+signature+dish%3A+Interesting+fusion+creation+a+contender&rft.date=2011-07-03&rft.aulast=Kives&rft.aufirst=Bartley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fthe-road-to-our-signature-dish-124935189.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGillmor2012" class="citation news cs1">Gillmor, Alison (7 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/food/wafer-flapper-open-wide-and-say-sals-177603771.html">"Wafer? Flapper? Open Wide and Say 'Sals'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Wafer%3F+Flapper%3F+Open+Wide+and+Say+%27Sals%27&rft.date=2012-11-07&rft.aulast=Gillmor&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Farts-and-life%2Ffood%2Fwafer-flapper-open-wide-and-say-sals-177603771.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wag.ca/about/facts/history">"The Winnipeg Art Gallery"</a>. The Winnipeg Art Gallery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120519162913/http://wag.ca/about/facts/history">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Winnipeg+Art+Gallery&rft.pub=The+Winnipeg+Art+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwag.ca%2Fabout%2Ffacts%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ce-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ce_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ce_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ce_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ce_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>ce</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wag.ca/art/collections">"Collection of The Winnipeg Art Gallery"</a>. The Winnipeg Art Gallery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120421143524/http://wag.ca/art/collections">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collection+of+The+Winnipeg+Art+Gallery&rft.pub=The+Winnipeg+Art+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwag.ca%2Fart%2Fcollections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marcc.ca/about-marcc.html">"Artist run centre members"</a>. MARCC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171118222046/http://www.marcc.ca/about-marcc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artist+run+centre+members&rft.pub=MARCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marcc.ca%2Fabout-marcc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080628175017/http://www.mtc.mb.ca/about.aspx">"About MTC"</a>. Manitoba Theatre Centre. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtc.mb.ca/about.aspx">the original</a> on 28 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+MTC&rft.pub=Manitoba+Theatre+Centre&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtc.mb.ca%2Fabout.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7397">"Historic Places"</a>. Parks Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521142800/http://historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7397">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Places&rft.pub=Parks+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicplaces.ca%2Fen%2Frep-reg%2Fplace-lieu.aspx%3Fid%3D7397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7747">"Walker Theatre National Historic Site of Canada"</a>. Parks Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309120514/http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7747">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walker+Theatre+National+Historic+Site+of+Canada&rft.pub=Parks+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicplaces.ca%2Fen%2Frep-reg%2Fplace-lieu.aspx%3Fid%3D7747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cerclemoliere.com/la-compagnie">"La Compagnie"</a> (in French). Cercle Molière. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305110221/http://cerclemoliere.com/la-compagnie">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Compagnie&rft.pub=Cercle+Moli%C3%A8re&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcerclemoliere.com%2Fla-compagnie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080822125049/http://www.rainbowstage.net/htmldocs/About.html">"About Rainbow Stage"</a>. Rainbow Stage. 1993. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainbowstage.net/htmldocs/About.html">the original</a> on 22 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Rainbow+Stage&rft.pub=Rainbow+Stage&rft.date=1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainbowstage.net%2Fhtmldocs%2FAbout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtyp.ca/">"MTYP"</a>. Manitoba Theatre for Young People. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218162225/http://mtyp.ca/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MTYP&rft.pub=Manitoba+Theatre+for+Young+People&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtyp.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325142859/http://www.wjt.ca/about.html">"About Us"</a>. Winnipeg Jewish Theatre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wjt.ca/about.html">the original</a> on 25 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=Winnipeg+Jewish+Theatre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wjt.ca%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305112224/http://www.shakespeareintheruins.com/about-sir/">"About"</a>. Shakespeare in the Ruins. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shakespeareintheruins.com/about-sir/">the original</a> on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Shakespeare+in+the+Ruins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shakespeareintheruins.com%2Fabout-sir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309184850/http://metronews.ca/features/high-five-winnipeg/354635/five-flicks-filmed-in-winnipeg/">"Five flicks filmed in Winnipeg"</a>. <i>Metro</i>. 31 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metronews.ca/features/high-five-winnipeg/354635/five-flicks-filmed-in-winnipeg/">the original</a> on 9 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=Five+flicks+filmed+in+Winnipeg&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetronews.ca%2Ffeatures%2Fhigh-five-winnipeg%2F354635%2Ffive-flicks-filmed-in-winnipeg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winnipegsun.com/2016/08/30/filmed-in-winnipeg-a-dogs-purpose-has-plenty-of-puppy-love-star-power">"Filmed-in-Winnipeg"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Sun</i>. 30 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Sun&rft.atitle=Filmed-in-Winnipeg&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinnipegsun.com%2F2016%2F08%2F30%2Ffilmed-in-winnipeg-a-dogs-purpose-has-plenty-of-puppy-love-star-power&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/film/prairie-visionaries-guy-maddin-and-the-winnipeg-film-group/why-winnipeg.html">"Why make movies in Winnipeg?"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316230333/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/arts-entertainment/film/prairie-visionaries-guy-maddin-and-the-winnipeg-film-group/why-winnipeg.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+make+movies+in+Winnipeg%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farchives%2Fcategories%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilm%2Fprairie-visionaries-guy-maddin-and-the-winnipeg-film-group%2Fwhy-winnipeg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://getonsetmanitoba.ca/industry/awards/">"Awards & Nominations"</a>. Get on Set Manitoba. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309200803/http://getonsetmanitoba.ca/industry/awards/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Awards+%26+Nominations&rft.pub=Get+on+Set+Manitoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgetonsetmanitoba.ca%2Findustry%2Fawards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGillmor2007" class="citation news cs1">Gillmor, Alison (7 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/arts/tiff/features/tiffmaddin.html">"Home truths"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318090717/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/tiff/features/tiffmaddin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Home+truths&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.aulast=Gillmor&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Farts%2Ftiff%2Ffeatures%2Ftiffmaddin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp">"More About the WSO"</a>. WSO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080504203455/http://www.wso.mb.ca/history.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+About+the+WSO&rft.pub=WSO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wso.mb.ca%2Fhistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitoba-chamber-orchestra-emc/">"Manitoba Chamber Orchestra"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Music in Canada</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309200957/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/manitoba-chamber-orchestra-emc/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Manitoba+Chamber+Orchestra&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Music+in+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmanitoba-chamber-orchestra-emc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626184637/http://www.manitobaopera.mb.ca/about/index.html">"Did You Know?"</a>. <i>About Manitoba Opera</i>. Manitoba Opera. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manitobaopera.mb.ca/about/index.html">the original</a> on 26 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+Manitoba+Opera&rft.atitle=Did+You+Know%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manitobaopera.mb.ca%2Fabout%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-juno-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-juno_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-juno_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://junoawards.ca/press/2014-juno-awards/">"2014 JUNO Awards"</a>. CARAS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304193444/http://junoawards.ca/press/2014-juno-awards/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+JUNO+Awards&rft.pub=CARAS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjunoawards.ca%2Fpress%2F2014-juno-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manitobamusicmuseum.com/theguesswho.htm">"The Guess Who"</a>. Manitoba Music Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125075428/http://www.manitobamusicmuseum.com/theguesswho.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Guess+Who&rft.pub=Manitoba+Music+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manitobamusicmuseum.com%2Ftheguesswho.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKives,_Bartley2014" class="citation news cs1">Kives, Bartley (17 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/neil-young-a-typical-winnipegger-240709051.html">"Neil Young a typical Winnipegger"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309201122/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/neil-young-a-typical-winnipegger-240709051.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Neil+Young+a+typical+Winnipegger&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft.au=Kives%2C+Bartley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Flocal%2Fneil-young-a-typical-winnipegger-240709051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geist.com/fact/essays/city-still-breathing-listening-weakerthans/">"City Still Breathing"</a>. <i>Geist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geist&rft.atitle=City+Still+Breathing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geist.com%2Ffact%2Fessays%2Fcity-still-breathing-listening-weakerthans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBateman,_Jeff2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bateman, Jeff (15 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crash-test-dummies/">"Crash Test Dummies"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140523011200/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crash-test-dummies/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crash+Test+Dummies&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2013-12-15&rft.au=Bateman%2C+Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fcrash-test-dummies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFWasney,_Eva2021" class="citation news cs1">Wasney, Eva (9 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/more-talk-less-rock-574596792.html">"In-depth US podcast covers Winnipeg's Propagandhi"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=In-depth+US+podcast+covers+Winnipeg%27s+Propagandhi&rft.date=2021-06-09&rft.au=Wasney%2C+Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Farts-and-life%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fmore-talk-less-rock-574596792.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGibson,_Shane2019" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Shane (16 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/bif-naked-red-river-ex-1.5177500">"Bif Naked remembers early days in Winnipeg"</a>. CBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bif+Naked+remembers+early+days+in+Winnipeg&rft.pub=CBC&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fbif-naked-red-river-ex-1.5177500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRosen,_Kayla2021" class="citation web cs1">Rosen, Kayla (28 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/happy-surprise-two-members-of-the-watchmen-reunite-for-new-album-1.5406103">"Two members of the Watchmen reunite"</a>. CTV.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+members+of+the+Watchmen+reunite&rft.pub=CTV&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft.au=Rosen%2C+Kayla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinnipeg.ctvnews.ca%2Fhappy-surprise-two-members-of-the-watchmen-reunite-for-new-album-1.5406103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMason,_Roger" class="citation web cs1">Mason, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quillandquire.com/review/such-melodious-racket-the-lost-history-of-jazz-in-canada-1914-1949/">"Such Melodious Racket"</a>. <i>Quill and Quire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quill+and+Quire&rft.atitle=Such+Melodious+Racket&rft.au=Mason%2C+Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquillandquire.com%2Freview%2Fsuch-melodious-racket-the-lost-history-of-jazz-in-canada-1914-1949%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rwb-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rwb_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100729205146/http://www.rwb.org/history">"History"</a>. Royal Winnipeg Ballet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rwb.org/history">the original</a> on 29 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Royal+Winnipeg+Ballet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rwb.org%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manitobamuseum.ca/main/museum/">"Museum Info"</a>. Manitoba Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307152729/http://www.manitobamuseum.ca/main/museum/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+Info&rft.pub=Manitoba+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manitobamuseum.ca%2Fmain%2Fmuseum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://childrensmuseum.com/about-us/history">"About the Children's Museum"</a>. Manitoba Children's Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120826140904/http://childrensmuseum.com/about-us/history">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Children%27s+Museum&rft.pub=Manitoba+Children%27s+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchildrensmuseum.com%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111201015523/http://childrensmuseum.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Media_Release.Jun_.05.11.pdf">"Children's Museum Now Open to the Public"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Manitoba Children's Museum. 6 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://childrensmuseum.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Media_Release.Jun_.05.11.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Children%27s+Museum+Now+Open+to+the+Public&rft.pub=Manitoba+Children%27s+Museum&rft.date=2011-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchildrensmuseum.com%2Fwp%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F08%2FMedia_Release.Jun_.05.11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628033558/http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum/construction-faq">"Construction FAQ"</a>. Canadian Museum for Human Rights. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum/construction-faq">the original</a> on 28 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Construction+FAQ&rft.pub=Canadian+Museum+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanrightsmuseum.ca%2Fbuilding-museum%2Fconstruction-faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friendsofcmhr.com">"Friends of Canadian Museum For Human Rights"</a>. The Friends of Canadian Museum For Human Rights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209055023/http://www.friendsofcmhr.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friends+of+Canadian+Museum+For+Human+Rights&rft.pub=The+Friends+of+Canadian+Museum+For+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendsofcmhr.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill,_Murray2009" class="citation news cs1">McNeill, Murray (9 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/breakingnews/Rights-museum-build-begins-April-1-39320602.html">"Rights museum build begins April 1"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413021422/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/breakingnews/Rights-museum-build-begins-April-1-39320602.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Rights+museum+build+begins+April+1&rft.date=2009-02-09&rft.au=McNeill%2C+Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbreakingnews%2FRights-museum-build-begins-April-1-39320602.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanrights.ca/about-museum/news/canadas-new-national-museum-opens-devoted-entirely-human-rights">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Canada's new national museum opens, devoted entirely to human rights", press release"</a>. Canadian Museum for Human Rights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110224719/https://humanrights.ca/about-museum/news/canadas-new-national-museum-opens-devoted-entirely-human-rights">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Canada%27s+new+national+museum+opens%2C+devoted+entirely+to+human+rights%22%2C+press+release&rft.pub=Canadian+Museum+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanrights.ca%2Fabout-museum%2Fnews%2Fcanadas-new-national-museum-opens-devoted-entirely-human-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-McCaffery2000-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCaffery2000_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMcCaffery,_Dan2000" class="citation book cs1">McCaffery, Dan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LwZkh0HBC7YC&pg=PA3"><i>Canada's Warplanes: Unique Aircraft in Canada's Aviation Museums</i></a>. James Lorimer & Company. p. 3. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-699-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-699-1"><bdi>978-1-55028-699-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Warplanes%3A+Unique+Aircraft+in+Canada%27s+Aviation+Museums&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-55028-699-1&rft.au=McCaffery%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLwZkh0HBC7YC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-The_Winnipeg_Railway_Museum-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Winnipeg_Railway_Museum_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpgrailwaymuseum.com/locomotives.html">"The Winnipeg Railway Museum locomotives"</a>. The Winnipeg Railway Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603200041/http://www.wpgrailwaymuseum.com/locomotives.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Winnipeg+Railway+Museum+locomotives&rft.pub=The+Winnipeg+Railway+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpgrailwaymuseum.com%2Flocomotives.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305115934/http://festivalvoyageur.mb.ca/fdv-inc-fr/a-propos/historique/">"Historique"</a> (in French). Festival du Voyageur. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://festivalvoyageur.mb.ca/fdv-inc-fr/a-propos/historique/">the original</a> on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historique&rft.pub=Festival+du+Voyageur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffestivalvoyageur.mb.ca%2Ffdv-inc-fr%2Fa-propos%2Fhistorique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-folklorama1-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-folklorama1_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100811070804/http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53#24">"FAQs"</a>. Folklorama. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklorama.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=53#24">the original</a> on 11 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQs&rft.pub=Folklorama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklorama.ca%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D55%26Itemid%3D53%2324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080729043158/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-fringe-festival-breaks-attendance-record-1.701117">"Winnipeg Fringe Festival breaks attendance record"</a>. CBC. 28 July 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-fringe-festival-breaks-attendance-record-1.701117">the original</a> on 29 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+Fringe+Festival+breaks+attendance+record&rft.date=2008-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fwinnipeg-fringe-festival-breaks-attendance-record-1.701117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309183654/http://www.creativemanitoba.ca/membership/past-featured-members/display,601/18/thin-air">"THIN AIR"</a>. ACI Manitoba. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativemanitoba.ca/membership/past-featured-members/display,601/18/thin-air">the original</a> on 9 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THIN+AIR&rft.pub=ACI+Manitoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativemanitoba.ca%2Fmembership%2Fpast-featured-members%2Fdisplay%2C601%2F18%2Fthin-air&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309185258/http://www.outwords.ca/content/secret-lives-volunteers">"The secret lives of volunteers"</a>. <i>Outwords</i>. April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outwords.ca/content/secret-lives-volunteers">the original</a> on 9 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outwords&rft.atitle=The+secret+lives+of+volunteers&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outwords.ca%2Fcontent%2Fsecret-lives-volunteers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBuma2012" class="citation book cs1">Buma, Michael (2012). <i>Refereeing identity: the cultural work of Canadian hockey novels</i>. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 284–285. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3987-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3987-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-3987-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Refereeing+identity%3A+the+cultural+work+of+Canadian+hockey+novels&rft.pages=284-285&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-3987-7&rft.aulast=Buma&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/topics/1639-11352/">"Hockey Flight in Canada"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602105409/http://archives.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/topics/1639-11352/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hockey+Flight+in+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Ftopics%2F1639-11352%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMaclean,_Cameron2009" class="citation news cs1">Maclean, Cameron (24 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/mts_centre_19th-busiest_showbiz_venue_in_world38266214.html">"MTS Centre 19th-busiest showbiz venue in the world"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021154151/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/mts_centre_19th-busiest_showbiz_venue_in_world38266214.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=MTS+Centre+19th-busiest+showbiz+venue+in+the+world&rft.date=2009-01-24&rft.au=Maclean%2C+Cameron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Flocal%2Fmts_centre_19th-busiest_showbiz_venue_in_world38266214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFWelsted,_John1996" class="citation book cs1">Welsted, John, ed. (1996). <i>The geography of Manitoba: its land and its people</i>. University of Manitoba Press. p. 307. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-375-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-375-2"><bdi>978-0-88755-375-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+geography+of+Manitoba%3A+its+land+and+its+people&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-88755-375-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRomaniuk,_Ross2011" class="citation news cs1">Romaniuk, Ross (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/18/work-finally-getting-underway-on-old-arena-site">"Work finally getting underway on old arena site"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Sun</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518143713/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/18/work-finally-getting-underway-on-old-arena-site">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Sun&rft.atitle=Work+finally+getting+underway+on+old+arena+site&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.au=Romaniuk%2C+Ross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegsun.com%2F2011%2F10%2F18%2Fwork-finally-getting-underway-on-old-arena-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Men/Junior/1999/Home">"1999 IIHF World Junior Championship"</a>. Hockey Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305085626/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Men/Junior/1999/Home">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1999+IIHF+World+Junior+Championship&rft.pub=Hockey+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2FTeam-Canada%2FMen%2FJunior%2F1999%2FHome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Women/World-Championship/2007/Home">"2007 IIHF Women's World Championship"</a>. Hockey Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305084348/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/Team-Canada/Women/World-Championship/2007/Home">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+IIHF+Women%27s+World+Championship&rft.pub=Hockey+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2FTeam-Canada%2FWomen%2FWorld-Championship%2F2007%2FHome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/kootenay-ice-whl-winnipeg-1.5001571">"Winnipeg Ice ownership optimistic about bringing WHL back to Manitoba capital"</a>. CBC News. Canadian Press. 1 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg+Ice+ownership+optimistic+about+bringing+WHL+back+to+Manitoba+capital&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fkootenay-ice-whl-winnipeg-1.5001571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gc-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gc_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320053941/http://www.bluebombers.com/page/grey_cups">"Grey Cups"</a>. Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluebombers.com/page/grey_cups">the original</a> on 20 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grey+Cups&rft.pub=Winnipeg+Blue+Bombers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluebombers.com%2Fpage%2Fgrey_cups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPenton,_Kirk2013" class="citation news cs1">Penton, Kirk (28 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegsun.com/2013/06/28/bombers-greats-called-out-for-opening-ceremonies-at-investors-group-field">"Bombers greats called out for opening ceremonies at Investors Group Field"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Sun</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112132700/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2013/06/28/bombers-greats-called-out-for-opening-ceremonies-at-investors-group-field">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Sun&rft.atitle=Bombers+greats+called+out+for+opening+ceremonies+at+Investors+Group+Field&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.au=Penton%2C+Kirk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegsun.com%2F2013%2F06%2F28%2Fbombers-greats-called-out-for-opening-ceremonies-at-investors-group-field&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJahns,_Kyle2013" class="citation news cs1">Jahns, Kyle (23 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/football/marsch-finds-comfort-zone-with-rifles-220776691.html">"Marsch finds comfort zone with Rifles"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305084136/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/football/marsch-finds-comfort-zone-with-rifles-220776691.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Marsch+finds+comfort+zone+with+Rifles&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft.au=Jahns%2C+Kyle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Fmarsch-finds-comfort-zone-with-rifles-220776691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPrest,_Ashley2012" class="citation news cs1">Prest, Ashley (2 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/amateur/bisons-wesmen-get-their-mojo-back-138550984.html">"Bisons, Wesmen get their mojo back"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305081817/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/amateur/bisons-wesmen-get-their-mojo-back-138550984.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Bisons%2C+Wesmen+get+their+mojo+back&rft.date=2012-02-02&rft.au=Prest%2C+Ashley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fsports%2Famateur%2Fbisons-wesmen-get-their-mojo-back-138550984.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4209973/wininpeg-soccer-executive-hopes-new-club-will-score-with-local-youth/">"Winnipeg soccer executive hopes new club will score with local youth"</a>. <i>Globalnews.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180610151522/https://globalnews.ca/news/4209973/wininpeg-soccer-executive-hopes-new-club-will-score-with-local-youth/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalnews.ca&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+soccer+executive+hopes+new+club+will+score+with+local+youth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F4209973%2Fwininpeg-soccer-executive-hopes-new-club-will-score-with-local-youth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPrest,_Ashley2011" class="citation news cs1">Prest, Ashley (26 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/other/new-soccer-squad-in-town-122645338.html">"New soccer squad in town"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305082807/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/other/new-soccer-squad-in-town-122645338.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=New+soccer+squad+in+town&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.au=Prest%2C+Ashley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fsports%2Fother%2Fnew-soccer-squad-in-town-122645338.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711104903/http://www.goldeyes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=34">"Winnipeg Goldeyes History"</a>. Winnipeg Goldeyes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldeyes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=34">the original</a> on 11 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg+Goldeyes+History&rft.pub=Winnipeg+Goldeyes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldeyes.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D54%26Itemid%3D34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRedmond,_Gerald2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Redmond, Gerald (6 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pan-american-games/">"Pan American Games"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311010246/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pan-american-games/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pan+American+Games&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.au=Redmond%2C+Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fpan-american-games%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-indoor_pools-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indoor_pools_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_Winnipeg" class="citation web cs1">City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/cms/recreation/facilities/pools/indoor_pools/pan_am.stm">"Pan Am Pool"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100730013010/http://www.winnipeg.ca/cms/recreation/facilities/pools/indoor_pools/pan_am.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pan+Am+Pool&rft.au=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fcms%2Frecreation%2Ffacilities%2Fpools%2Findoor_pools%2Fpan_am.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTait,_Ed2012" class="citation news cs1">Tait, Ed (5 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/soccer/Winnipeg-to-host-FIFA-Womens-World-Cup-150207165.html">"Winnipeg to host FIFA Women's World Cup"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121208160422/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/sports/soccer/Winnipeg-to-host-FIFA-Womens-World-Cup-150207165.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+to+host+FIFA+Women%27s+World+Cup&rft.date=2012-05-05&rft.au=Tait%2C+Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fsports%2Fsoccer%2FWinnipeg-to-host-FIFA-Womens-World-Cup-150207165.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/free-press-rules-latest-readership-survey-228889651.html">"Free Press rules latest readership survey"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. 23 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305105543/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/free-press-rules-latest-readership-survey-228889651.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Free+Press+rules+latest+readership+survey&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffree-press-rules-latest-readership-survey-228889651.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080107093413/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html">"Canadian Ethnic Newspapers Currently Received"</a>. Collections Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/8/16/r16-205-e.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Ethnic+Newspapers+Currently+Received&rft.pub=Collections+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2F8%2F16%2Fr16-205-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MOIR15-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOIR15_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMoir2015" class="citation book cs1">Moir, Garry (2015). <i>On the Air: the golden age of Manitoba radio</i>. Great Plains Publications. pp. 16–17. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-927855-26-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-927855-26-3"><bdi>978-1-927855-26-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Air%3A+the+golden+age+of+Manitoba+radio&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Great+Plains+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-927855-26-3&rft.aulast=Moir&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tunein.com/radio/Winnipeg-r100595/">"Winnipeg Radio Stations"</a>. tunein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327015014/http://tunein.com/radio/Winnipeg-r100595/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg+Radio+Stations&rft.pub=tunein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftunein.com%2Fradio%2FWinnipeg-r100595%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/facilities/mb/">"Manitoba"</a>. CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140114095051/http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/explore/facilities/mb/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manitoba&rft.pub=CBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.radio-canada.ca%2Fen%2Fexplore%2Ffacilities%2Fmb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncifm.com/about-us/">"About us"</a>. NCI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305094344/http://www.ncifm.com/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=NCI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncifm.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-A_History_v_1995-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_History_v_1995_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFShilliday,_Greg1995" class="citation book cs1">Shilliday, Greg, ed. (1995). <i>Manitoba 125 – A History</i>. Vol. 3. Great Plains Publications. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9697804-1-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9697804-1-9"><bdi>0-9697804-1-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manitoba+125+%E2%80%93+A+History&rft.pub=Great+Plains+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-9697804-1-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBowman2009" class="citation news cs1">Bowman, John (12 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129120724/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/01/f-digital-tv-transition.html">"Canadian over-the-air TV following U.S. down digital path"</a>. CBC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/01/f-digital-tv-transition.html">the original</a> on 29 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadian+over-the-air+TV+following+U.S.+down+digital+path&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fstory%2F2009%2F06%2F01%2Ff-digital-tv-transition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-munic-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-munic_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081225130848/http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm">"City Government"</a>. City of Winnipeg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winnipeg.ca/Services/CityLife/HistoryOfWinnipeg/CityGovernment.stm">the original</a> on 25 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Government&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinnipeg.ca%2FServices%2FCityLife%2FHistoryOfWinnipeg%2FCityGovernment.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-charter-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-charter_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-charter_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php">The City of Winnipeg Charter Act</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416205310/http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2002/c03902e.php">Archived</a> 16 April 2009 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. S.M. 2002, c. 39. Bill 39, 3rd Session, 37th Legislature. Manitoba Laws.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106030104/http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm">"Election Services"</a>. City of Winnipeg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winnipeg.ca/clerks/docs/election_services/defaultES.stm">the original</a> on 6 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Services&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinnipeg.ca%2Fclerks%2Fdocs%2Felection_services%2FdefaultES.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/members/mla_list_constituency.html">"Alphabetical list by constituency"</a>. Legislative Assembly of Manitoba<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alphabetical+list+by+constituency&rft.pub=Legislative+Assembly+of+Manitoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mb.ca%2Flegislature%2Fmembers%2Fmla_list_constituency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/constituencies?province=MB">"Current constituencies"</a>. Canadian Parliament<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+constituencies&rft.pub=Canadian+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParliamentarians%2Fen%2Fconstituencies%3Fprovince%3DMB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-senate-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-senate_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/SenatorsMembers/Senate/SenatorsBiography/isenator.asp?Language=E&sortord=P">"Senators by province"</a>. Canadian Parliament<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senators+by+province&rft.pub=Canadian+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FSenatorsMembers%2FSenate%2FSenatorsBiography%2Fisenator.asp%3FLanguage%3DE%26sortord%3DP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf">"Inner City"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052512/http://winnipeg.ca/Census/2006/City%20of%20Winnipeg/Inner%20City/Inner%20City.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inner+City&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinnipeg.ca%2FCensus%2F2006%2FCity%2520of%2520Winnipeg%2FInner%2520City%2FInner%2520City.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CrimeStat-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CrimeStat_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/crimestat/">"CrimStat"</a>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407133918/http://www.winnipeg.ca/CrimeStat/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CrimStat&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fcrimestat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Every_Annual_Crime_Report-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Every_Annual_Crime_Report_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm">"Every Annual Crime Report"</a>. Winnipeg Police Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101230434/http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Every+Annual+Crime+Report&rft.pub=Winnipeg+Police+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fpolice%2FAnnualReports%2Fannualreports.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080225142834/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771">"Immobilizers to be mandatory on high-risk used cars in Manitoba"</a>. CBC. 23 August 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/immobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771">the original</a> on 25 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Immobilizers+to+be+mandatory+on+high-risk+used+cars+in+Manitoba&rft.date=2006-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fimmobilizers-to-be-mandatory-on-high-risk-used-cars-in-manitoba-1.575771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLinden2020" class="citation book cs1">Linden, Rick (2020). "Auto Theft in Winnipeg, Manitoba". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429457357-29/auto-theft-winnipeg-manitoba-1-rick-linden"><i>Problem-Oriented Policing</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 266–278. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780429457357-29">10.4324/9780429457357-29</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429457357" title="Special:BookSources/9780429457357"><bdi>9780429457357</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Auto+Theft+in+Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba&rft.btitle=Problem-Oriented+Policing&rft.pages=266-278&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780429457357-29&rft.isbn=9780429457357&rft.aulast=Linden&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9780429457357-29%2Fauto-theft-winnipeg-manitoba-1-rick-linden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2018Report-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2018Report_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/2018/2018_wps_annual_report_english.pdf">"2018 Annual Statistical Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Winnipeg Police Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+Annual+Statistical+Report&rft.pub=Winnipeg+Police+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fpolice%2FAnnualReports%2F2018%2F2018_wps_annual_report_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSantin2013" class="citation web cs1">Santin, Aldo (8 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html">"Police help on way ... in 77 minutes"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111145108/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/help-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Police+help+on+way+...+in+77+minutes&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=Santin&rft.aufirst=Aldo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Flocal%2Fhelp-on-way-in-77-minutes-231109501.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006">"Winnipeg police slow on domestic violence calls, report says"</a>. CBC. 8 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080145/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+police+slow+on+domestic+violence+calls%2C+report+says&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fwinnipeg-police-slow-on-domestic-violence-calls-report-says-1.2420006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCoubrough2017" class="citation news cs1">Coubrough, Jill (22 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-a-city-wide-awake-on-crystal-meth-1.4357577">"Winnipeg: A city wide awake on crystal meth"</a>. CBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Winnipeg%3A+A+city+wide+awake+on+crystal+meth&rft.date=2017-10-22&rft.aulast=Coubrough&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fwinnipeg-a-city-wide-awake-on-crystal-meth-1.4357577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMalone2020" class="citation news cs1">Malone, Kelly Geraldine (20 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/01/20/winnipeg-mayor-talks-meth-crisis-safety-during-meeting-with-trudeau.html">"Winnipeg mayor talks meth crisis, safety during meeting with Trudeau"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>. The Canadian Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+mayor+talks+meth+crisis%2C+safety+during+meeting+with+Trudeau&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=Kelly+Geraldine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2020%2F01%2F20%2Fwinnipeg-mayor-talks-meth-crisis-safety-during-meeting-with-trudeau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/funded/index.html">"Funded Independent Schools"</a>. Government of Manitoba. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331145435/http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/schools/ind/funded/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Funded+Independent+Schools&rft.pub=Government+of+Manitoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edu.gov.mb.ca%2Fk12%2Fschools%2Find%2Ffunded%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umanitoba.ca/about/quick_facts/by_the_numbers.html">"By the numbers"</a>. University of Manitoba<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=By+the+numbers&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fumanitoba.ca%2Fabout%2Fquick_facts%2Fby_the_numbers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103165904/http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/">"Université de Saint-Boniface"</a>. Université de Saint-Boniface. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/">the original</a> on 3 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universit%C3%A9+de+Saint-Boniface&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+de+Saint-Boniface&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustboniface.mb.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-uw-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uw_123-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uw_123-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090901101238/http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/index/future-about-history">"The History of the University of Winnipeg"</a>. University of Winnipeg. 21 February 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uwinnipeg.ca/index/future-about-history">the original</a> on 1 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+University+of+Winnipeg&rft.pub=University+of+Winnipeg&rft.date=2006-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuwinnipeg.ca%2Findex%2Ffuture-about-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmu.ca/about.php?s=cmu&p=mission">"About CMU"</a>. Canadian Mennonite University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428094233/http://www.cmu.ca/about.php?s=cmu&p=mission">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+CMU&rft.pub=Canadian+Mennonite+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmu.ca%2Fabout.php%3Fs%3Dcmu%26p%3Dmission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305093843/http://www.rrc.mb.ca/files/file/researchplan/annual/20092010AcademicAnnRptcolourforWeb_FINAL_Feb242011.pdf">"Academic Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Red River College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rrc.mb.ca/files/file/researchplan/annual/20092010AcademicAnnRptcolourforWeb_FINAL_Feb242011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Annual+Report&rft.pub=Red+River+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrc.mb.ca%2Ffiles%2Ffile%2Fresearchplan%2Fannual%2F20092010AcademicAnnRptcolourforWeb_FINAL_Feb242011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boothuc.ca/about/">"Our Story"</a>. Booth University College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428104138/https://www.boothuc.ca/about/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Story&rft.pub=Booth+University+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boothuc.ca%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boothuc.ca/academics">"Academics"</a>. Booth University College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122152105/https://www.boothuc.ca/academics/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academics&rft.pub=Booth+University+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boothuc.ca%2Facademics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-horse-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-horse_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-horse_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBradley1958–1959" class="citation journal cs1">Bradley, Walter (1958–1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/transportation.shtml">"A History of Transportation in Winnipeg"</a>. <i>MHS Transactions</i>. Third Series (15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MHS+Transactions&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Transportation+in+Winnipeg&rft.issue=15&rft.date=1958%2F1959&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmhs.mb.ca%2Fdocs%2Ftransactions%2F3%2Ftransportation.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310023357/http://winnipegtransit.com/en/about-us/interestingtransitfacts">"Interesting Transit Facts"</a>. City of Winnipeg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myride.winnipegtransit.com/en/inside-transit/interestingtransitfacts/">the original</a> on 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interesting+Transit+Facts&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyride.winnipegtransit.com%2Fen%2Finside-transit%2Finterestingtransitfacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100827123009/http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf">"Rail transportation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Destination Winnipeg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rail+transportation&rft.pub=Destination+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.destinationwinnipeg.ca%2Fuploads%2Fdocument_file%2Frail-transportation_147.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061121153421/http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html">"North American Inland Ports"</a>. NAIPN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+American+Inland+Ports&rft.pub=NAIPN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nascocorridor.com%2Fnaipn%2Fpages%2Fwin_infra.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design">"Winnipeg's perimeter highway: "Disaster by design"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FCPP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310213006/http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg%27s+perimeter+highway%3A+%22Disaster+by+design%22&rft.pub=FCPP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.fcpp.org%2Fposts%2Fwinnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHalstead,_Jason2011" class="citation web cs1">Halstead, Jason (28 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff">"Winnipeg's James A. Richardson International Airport ready for takeoff"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Sun</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121214342/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Sun&rft.atitle=Winnipeg%27s+James+A.+Richardson+International+Airport+ready+for+takeoff&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft.au=Halstead%2C+Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegsun.com%2F2011%2F10%2F28%2Fwinnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708221529/http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183">"Greyhound Canada plans move into new Winnipeg facility"</a>. <i>Daily Commercial News</i>. 9 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183">the original</a> on 8 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Commercial+News&rft.atitle=Greyhound+Canada+plans+move+into+new+Winnipeg+facility&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycommercialnews.com%2Farticle%2Fid28183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628065308/http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html">"CentrePort Canada"</a>. CentrePort Canada Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html">the original</a> on 28 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CentrePort+Canada&rft.pub=CentrePort+Canada+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centreportcanada.ca%2Fabouthtml.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCash,_Martin2009" class="citation web cs1">Cash, Martin (8 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html">"Inland port's potential touted"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091215113200/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Inland+port%27s+potential+touted&rft.date=2009-05-08&rft.au=Cash%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fbusiness%2Finland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCash2013" class="citation web cs1">Cash, Martin (22 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html">"PM Harper officially opens CentrePort Canada Way highway"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105063859/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=PM+Harper+officially+opens+CentrePort+Canada+Way+highway&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft.aulast=Cash&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Flocal%2FPM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921">"Two rides and a missing cowboy: CBC tries out new ride-hailing apps"</a>. CBC. 2 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724191325/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+rides+and+a+missing+cowboy%3A+CBC+tries+out+new+ride-hailing+apps&rft.pub=CBC&rft.date=2018-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fride-hailing-apps-1.4559921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBatchelor,_Megan2012" class="citation web cs1">Batchelor, Megan (22 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050235/http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike%2Bto%2Bwork%2Bday%2Bhits%2Bwinnipeg%2Bstreets/6442666475/story.html">"Bike to Work Day hits Winnipeg streets"</a>. Global Winnipeg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike+to+work+day+hits+winnipeg+streets/6442666475/story.html">the original</a> on 20 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bike+to+Work+Day+hits+Winnipeg+streets&rft.pub=Global+Winnipeg&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft.au=Batchelor%2C+Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalwinnipeg.com%2Fbike%2Bto%2Bwork%2Bday%2Bhits%2Bwinnipeg%2Bstreets%2F6442666475%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKives2009" class="citation web cs1">Kives, Bartley (21 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html">"Cyclovia coming to downtown"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303060119/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Cyclovia+coming+to+downtown&rft.date=2009-08-21&rft.aulast=Kives&rft.aufirst=Bartley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Flocal%2Fcyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm">"Bike Lanes"</a>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050306/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bike+Lanes&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fpublicworks%2FMajorProjects%2FActiveTransportation%2Fbike-lanes.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm">"Sharrows Usage Guidelines"</a>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050356/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sharrows+Usage+Guidelines&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fpublicworks%2FMajorProjects%2FActiveTransportation%2Fsharrows-usage-guidelines.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503071113/http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php">"WRHA Hospitals & Facilities"</a>. Winnipeg Regional Health Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php">the original</a> on 3 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WRHA+Hospitals+%26+Facilities&rft.pub=Winnipeg+Regional+Health+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrha.mb.ca%2Fhospitals%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612232528/http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm">"NML Overview"</a>. Public Health Agency of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm">the original</a> on 12 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NML+Overview&rft.pub=Public+Health+Agency+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nml-lnm.gc.ca%2Foverview-apercu-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022557/http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf">"Winnipeg Life Sciences"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Economic Development Winnipeg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg+Life+Sciences&rft.pub=Economic+Development+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com%2Fuploads%2Fdocument_file%2Flife_sciences_profile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629213042/http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/">"Working together"</a>. Manitoba Health Research Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/">the original</a> on 29 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Working+together&rft.pub=Manitoba+Health+Research+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmhrc.mb.ca%2Fpartnerships%2Fworking-together%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/">"Water and Waste Department"</a>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228173928/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+and+Waste+Department&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipeg.ca%2Fwaterandwaste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm">"Water treatment program"</a>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075800/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+treatment+program&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinnipeg.ca%2Fwaterandwaste%2Fwater%2Ftreatment%2Fdefault.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm">"Water main breaks"</a>. City of Winnipeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303080332/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+main+breaks&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwinnipeg.ca%2Fwaterandwaste%2Fwater%2Fmainbreaks.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102">"About Us"</a>. Manitoba Hydro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075516/https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=Manitoba+Hydro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hydro.mb.ca%2Fcorporate%2Fabout_us.shtml%3FWT.mc_id%3D2102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFEvans2016" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Pete (2 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bce-buys-manitoba-telecom-1.3561982">"BCE to buy Manitoba Telecom in friendly deal work $3.9B"</a>. CBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BCE+to+buy+Manitoba+Telecom+in+friendly+deal+work+%243.9B&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fbce-buys-manitoba-telecom-1.3561982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFPursaga2016" class="citation web cs1">Pursaga, Joyanne (12 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winnipegsun.com/2016/10/12/epc-approves-new-garbage-contracts">"EPC approves new garbage contracts"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Sun</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Sun&rft.atitle=EPC+approves+new+garbage+contracts&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft.aulast=Pursaga&rft.aufirst=Joyanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinnipegsun.com%2F2016%2F10%2F12%2Fepc-approves-new-garbage-contracts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHarding2017" class="citation web cs1">Harding, Lee (30 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fcpp.org/2017/11/30/winnipeg-must-scrap-recycling-rfp/">"Winnipeg Should Scrap Recycling RFP"</a>. Frontier Centre for Public Policy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winnipeg+Should+Scrap+Recycling+RFP&rft.pub=Frontier+Centre+for+Public+Policy&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffcpp.org%2F2017%2F11%2F30%2Fwinnipeg-must-scrap-recycling-rfp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/city-could-save-3m-if-public-employees-removed-snow-cupe-1.3286005">"City could save $3M if public employees removed snow: CUPE"</a>. CBC News. 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+could+save+%243M+if+public+employees+removed+snow%3A+CUPE&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fcity-could-save-3m-if-public-employees-removed-snow-cupe-1.3286005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.winnipeg.ca/enwiki/w/58m2-dsq9/_variation_?cur=oEgt4p1Hh0O&from=root">"Visualized 311 Service Requests"</a>. City of Winnipeg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visualized+311+Service+Requests&rft.pub=City+of+Winnipeg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.winnipeg.ca%2Fw%2F58m2-dsq9%2F_variation_%3Fcur%3DoEgt4p1Hh0O%26from%3Droot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192508/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=121">"NORAD"</a>. Department of Defence. 23 March 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=121">the original</a> on 9 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NORAD&rft.pub=Department+of+Defence&rft.date=2000-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces.gc.ca%2Fsite%2Fnews-nouvelles%2Fnews-nouvelles-eng.asp%3Fid%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17_Wing-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-17_Wing_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-17_Wing_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-17_Wing_158-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609150038/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=1141">"17 Wing Consolidation Project at CFB Winnipeg"</a>. Department of Defence. 11 July 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=1141">the original</a> on 9 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=17+Wing+Consolidation+Project+at+CFB+Winnipeg&rft.pub=Department+of+Defence&rft.date=2003-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces.gc.ca%2Fsite%2Fnews-nouvelles%2Fnews-nouvelles-eng.asp%3Fid%3D1141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611183400/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=208">"Community"</a>. National Defence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=208">the original</a> on 11 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community&rft.pub=National+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforce.forces.gc.ca%2F17w-17e%2Fpage-eng.asp%3Fid%3D208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315135049/http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=205">"History"</a>. National Defence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/page-eng.asp?id=205">the original</a> on 15 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=National+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca%2F17w-17e%2Fpage-eng.asp%3Fid%3D205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-chinte-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinte_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinte_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206151431/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/sqns-escs/page-eng.asp?id=412">"General Information"</a>. National Defence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/17w-17e/sqns-escs/page-eng.asp?id=412">the original</a> on 6 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Information&rft.pub=National+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforce.forces.gc.ca%2F17w-17e%2Fsqns-escs%2Fpage-eng.asp%3Fid%3D412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/reserve/index.page">"Canadian Army Reserve"</a>. Canadian Army<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Army+Reserve&rft.pub=Canadian+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army-armee.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2Freserve%2Findex.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forces.ca/en/units/182/">"HMCS Chippawa"</a>. The Canadian Armed Forces<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HMCS+Chippawa&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Armed+Forces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforces.ca%2Fen%2Funits%2F182%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/prov/p089.html">"Explore Our Heritage – Provincial Heritage Sites"</a>. Government of Manitoba. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222001323/http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/prov/p089.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Our+Heritage+%E2%80%93+Provincial+Heritage+Sites&rft.pub=Government+of+Manitoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mb.ca%2Fchc%2Fhrb%2Fprov%2Fp089.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-mayor-wants-negotiations-in-kapyong-barracks-dispute-1.2516058">"Winnipeg mayor wants negotiations in Kapyong Barracks dispute"</a>. CBC. 29 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309015903/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-mayor-wants-negotiations-in-kapyong-barracks-dispute-1.2516058">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+mayor+wants+negotiations+in+Kapyong+Barracks+dispute&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fwinnipeg-mayor-wants-negotiations-in-kapyong-barracks-dispute-1.2516058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054258005">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style="">
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation book cs1">Artibise, Alan F. J. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/books/mrs05.pdf"><i>Gateway City: Documents on the City of Winnipeg 1873–1913</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. V. Manitoba Record Society Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gateway+City%3A+Documents+on+the+City+of+Winnipeg+1873%26ndash%3B1913&rft.pub=Manitoba+Record+Society+Publications&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Artibise&rft.aufirst=Alan+F.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.mb.ca%2Fdocs%2Fbooks%2Fmrs05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="non" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, John David (1998). <i>A Winnipeg album: glimpses of the way we were</i>. Hounslow Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88882-204-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88882-204-9"><bdi>0-88882-204-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Winnipeg+album%3A+glimpses+of+the+way+we+were&rft.pub=Hounslow+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-88882-204-9&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=John+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation book cs1">Friesen, Gerald (2009). <i>Prairie metropolis: new essays on Winnipeg social history</i>. University of Manitoba Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-713-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-713-2"><bdi>978-0-88755-713-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prairie+metropolis%3A+new+essays+on+Winnipeg+social+history&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-88755-713-2&rft.aulast=Friesen&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinnipeg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Winnipeg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg" class="extiw" title="commons:Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Winnipeg#Q2135" class="extiw" title="voy:Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demographics_of_Winnipeg" title="Demographics of Winnipeg">Demographics</a></li>
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_Winnipeg" title="History of Winnipeg">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exchange_District" title="Exchange District">Exchange District</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_Winnipeg_history" title="Timeline of Winnipeg history">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Upper_Fort_Garry" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Fort Garry">Upper Fort Garry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_general_strike" title="Winnipeg general strike">Winnipeg general strike</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geography_and_climate_of_Winnipeg" title="Geography and climate of Winnipeg">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assiniboine_Park" title="Assiniboine Park">Assiniboine Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assiniboine_River" title="Assiniboine River">Assiniboine River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Forks,_Winnipeg" title="The Forks, Winnipeg">The Forks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Winnipeg" title="List of neighbourhoods in Winnipeg">Neighbourhoods</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_River_of_the_North" title="Red River of the North">Red River</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canadian_Wheat_Board" title="Canadian Wheat Board">Canadian Wheat Board</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_corporations_based_in_Winnipeg" title="List of corporations based in Winnipeg">Corporations based in Winnipeg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Winnipeg" title="List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg">Skyscrapers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Winnipeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Winnipeg">Government of Winnipeg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Winnipeg" title="List of mayors of Winnipeg">Mayors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_City_Council" title="Winnipeg City Council">City Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Winnipeg#Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Winnipeg">Crime</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Winnipeg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hospitals in Winnipeg">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Fire_Paramedic_Service" title="Winnipeg Fire Paramedic Service">Fire and Paramedics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Police_Service" title="Winnipeg Police Service">Police</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Education_in_Winnipeg" title="Category:Education in Winnipeg">List of schools and libraries</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transport_in_Winnipeg" title="Transport in Winnipeg">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Transit" title="Winnipeg Transit">Winnipeg Transit</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><b><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Winnipeg" title="Category:Winnipeg">Category</a></b></li>
<li><b><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="WikiProject" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Manitoba" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Manitoba">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul>
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<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_and_territorial_capitals_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Canada_capitals" title="Template:Canada capitals"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_capitals" title="Template talk:Canada capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Canada_capitals&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_and_territorial_capitals_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provincial and territorial</a> capitals of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table align="center" style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;">
<td style="width:20%;">
<table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a></td></tr>
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</td>
<td style="width:20%;">
<table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a></td><td style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winnipeg</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fredericton" title="Fredericton">Fredericton</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="width:20%;">
<table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="width:20%;">
<table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charlottetown" title="Charlottetown">Charlottetown</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="width:20%;">
<table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a></td><td style=""><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="width:20%;">
<table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.75em;"><b>Territories:</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a></td><td style=""> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="width:20%;">
<table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</a></td><td style=""> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a></td><td style=""> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse">Whitehorse</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Manitoba" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Manitoba" title="Template:Subdivisions of Manitoba"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Manitoba" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Manitoba"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Subdivisions_of_Manitoba&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Manitoba" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Manitoba" title="List of regions of Manitoba">Regions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_census_divisions_of_Manitoba" title="List of census divisions of Manitoba">Census divisions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Manitoba" title="List of municipalities in Manitoba">Municipalities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Manitoba" title="List of communities in Manitoba">Communities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian reserves in Manitoba">Indian reserves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_population_centres_in_Manitoba" title="List of population centres in Manitoba">Population centres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_designated_places_in_Manitoba" title="List of designated places in Manitoba">Designated places</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="LGDs" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGDs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mystery_Lake,_Manitoba" title="Mystery Lake, Manitoba">Mystery Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pinawa" title="Pinawa">Pinawa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Manitoba" title="List of cities in Manitoba">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brandon,_Manitoba" title="Brandon, Manitoba">Brandon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dauphin,_Manitoba" title="Dauphin, Manitoba">Dauphin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flin_Flon" title="Flin Flon">Flin Flon</a> (part)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morden,_Manitoba" title="Morden, Manitoba">Morden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portage_la_Prairie" title="Portage la Prairie">Portage la Prairie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Selkirk,_Manitoba" title="Selkirk, Manitoba">Selkirk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steinbach,_Manitoba" title="Steinbach, Manitoba">Steinbach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thompson,_Manitoba" title="Thompson, Manitoba">Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winkler,_Manitoba" title="Winkler, Manitoba">Winkler</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winnipeg</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Manitoba" title="List of towns in Manitoba">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Altona,_Manitoba" title="Altona, Manitoba">Altona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arborg,_Manitoba" title="Arborg, Manitoba">Arborg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beausejour,_Manitoba" title="Beausejour, Manitoba">Beausejour</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carberry,_Manitoba" title="Carberry, Manitoba">Carberry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carman,_Manitoba" title="Carman, Manitoba">Carman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba" title="Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gillam,_Manitoba" title="Gillam, Manitoba">Gillam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Manitoba" title="Grand Rapids, Manitoba">Grand Rapids</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lac_du_Bonnet,_Manitoba" title="Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba">Lac du Bonnet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leaf_Rapids" title="Leaf Rapids">Leaf Rapids</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lynn_Lake" title="Lynn Lake">Lynn Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melita,_Manitoba" title="Melita, Manitoba">Melita</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minnedosa,_Manitoba" title="Minnedosa, Manitoba">Minnedosa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morris,_Manitoba" title="Morris, Manitoba">Morris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neepawa" title="Neepawa">Neepawa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niverville,_Manitoba" title="Niverville, Manitoba">Niverville</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Pas" title="The Pas">The Pas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Powerview-Pine_Falls" title="Powerview-Pine Falls">Powerview-Pine Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snow_Lake,_Manitoba" title="Snow Lake, Manitoba">Snow Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ste._Anne" title="Ste. Anne">Ste. Anne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stonewall,_Manitoba" title="Stonewall, Manitoba">Stonewall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swan_River,_Manitoba" title="Swan River, Manitoba">Swan River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teulon" title="Teulon">Teulon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virden,_Manitoba" title="Virden, Manitoba">Virden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Beach" title="Winnipeg Beach">Winnipeg Beach</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former_towns" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birtle,_Manitoba" title="Birtle, Manitoba">Birtle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boissevain,_Manitoba" title="Boissevain, Manitoba">Boissevain</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deloraine,_Manitoba" title="Deloraine, Manitoba">Deloraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Selkirk" title="East Selkirk">East Selkirk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emerson,_Manitoba" title="Emerson, Manitoba">Emerson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erickson,_Manitoba" title="Erickson, Manitoba">Erickson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gilbert_Plains" title="Gilbert Plains">Gilbert Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gladstone,_Manitoba" title="Gladstone, Manitoba">Gladstone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grandview,_Manitoba" title="Grandview, Manitoba">Grandview</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gretna,_Manitoba" title="Gretna, Manitoba">Gretna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamiota,_Manitoba" title="Hamiota, Manitoba">Hamiota</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hartney" title="Hartney">Hartney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MacGregor,_Manitoba" title="MacGregor, Manitoba">MacGregor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitou,_Manitoba" title="Manitou, Manitoba">Manitou</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minitonas" title="Minitonas">Minitonas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oak_Lake,_Manitoba" title="Oak Lake, Manitoba">Oak Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pilot_Mound,_Manitoba" title="Pilot Mound, Manitoba">Pilot Mound</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Plum_Coulee" title="Plum Coulee">Plum Coulee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rapid_City,_Manitoba" title="Rapid City, Manitoba">Rapid City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rivers,_Manitoba" title="Rivers, Manitoba">Rivers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roblin,_Manitoba" title="Roblin, Manitoba">Roblin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rossburn" title="Rossburn">Rossburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russell,_Manitoba" title="Russell, Manitoba">Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Souris,_Manitoba" title="Souris, Manitoba">Souris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sainte_Rose_du_Lac" title="Sainte Rose du Lac">Sainte Rose du Lac</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treherne,_Manitoba" title="Treherne, Manitoba">Treherne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuxedo,_Winnipeg" title="Tuxedo, Winnipeg">Tuxedo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Manitoba" title="List of villages in Manitoba">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dunnottar,_Manitoba" title="Dunnottar, Manitoba">Dunnottar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St-Pierre-Jolys" title="St-Pierre-Jolys">St-Pierre-Jolys</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former_villages" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benito,_Manitoba" title="Benito, Manitoba">Benito</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Binscarth" title="Binscarth">Binscarth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bowsman" title="Bowsman">Bowsman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cartwright,_Manitoba" title="Cartwright, Manitoba">Cartwright</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crystal_City,_Manitoba" title="Crystal City, Manitoba">Crystal City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elkhorn,_Manitoba" title="Elkhorn, Manitoba">Elkhorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ethelbert,_Manitoba" title="Ethelbert, Manitoba">Ethelbert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenboro" title="Glenboro">Glenboro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/McCreary,_Manitoba" title="McCreary, Manitoba">McCreary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napinka" title="Napinka">Napinka</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes,_Manitoba" title="Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes, Manitoba">Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riverton,_Manitoba" title="Riverton, Manitoba">Riverton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somerset,_Manitoba" title="Somerset, Manitoba">Somerset</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Claude,_Manitoba" title="St. Claude, Manitoba">St. Claude</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Lazare,_Manitoba" title="St. Lazare, Manitoba">St. Lazare</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waskada" title="Waskada">Waskada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wawanesa,_Manitoba" title="Wawanesa, Manitoba">Wawanesa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipegosis" title="Winnipegosis">Winnipegosis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="image" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Division_No._11,_Manitoba_(Winnipeg)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:MBDivision11" title="Template:MBDivision11"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:MBDivision11" title="Template talk:MBDivision11"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:MBDivision11&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Division_No._11,_Manitoba_(Winnipeg)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Division_No._11,_Manitoba" title="Division No. 11, Manitoba">Division No. 11</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winnipeg</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winnipeg</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_rural_municipalities_in_Manitoba" title="List of rural municipalities in Manitoba">Rural municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Headingley" title="Rural Municipality of Headingley">Headingley</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li>See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Manitoba" title="List of municipalities in Manitoba">Municipalities in Manitoba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_census_divisions_of_Manitoba" title="List of census divisions of Manitoba">Census divisions of Manitoba</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba_municipal_amalgamations,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba municipal amalgamations, 2015">2015 municipal amalgamations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Winnipeg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Winnipeg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Winnipeg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Rosser" title="Rural Municipality of Rosser">Rosser</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_West_St._Paul" title="Rural Municipality of West St. Paul">West St. Paul</a></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_East_St._Paul" title="Rural Municipality of East St. Paul">East St. Paul</a></td>
</tr><tr>
<td></td>
<td><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" title="North" width="14" height="17" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Headingley" title="Rural Municipality of Headingley">Headingley</a></td>
<td style="width:33%;">
<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" title="West" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/33px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Winnipeg</b><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" title="East" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/33px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /></div>
</td>
<td style="width:33%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Springfield" title="Rural Municipality of Springfield">Springfield</a></td>
</tr><tr>
<td></td>
<td><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" title="South" width="14" height="17" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Macdonald" title="Rural Municipality of Macdonald">Macdonald</a></td>
<td></td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Ritchot" title="Rural Municipality of Ritchot">Ritchot</a></td>
</tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Census_metropolitan_areas_(CMAs)_in_Canada_by_size" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size" title="Template:Census metropolitan areas in Canada by size"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size" title="Template talk:Census metropolitan areas in Canada by size"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Census_metropolitan_areas_(CMAs)_in_Canada_by_size" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Census_geographic_units_of_Canada" title="Census geographic units of Canada">Census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada by size</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Vancouver" title="Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calgary_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary metropolitan region">Calgary</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edmonton_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton metropolitan region">Edmonton</a>, AB</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">Ottawa-Gatineau</a>, ON/QC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winnipeg_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg Capital Region">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">Quebec City</a>, QC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">St. Catharines-Niagara</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Victoria" title="Greater Victoria">Victoria</a>, BC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saskatoon_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatoon Metropolitan Area">Saskatoon</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a>, SK</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke</a>, QC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Regional_District_of_Central_Okanagan" title="Regional District of Central Okanagan">Kelowna</a>, BC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._John%27s_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Metropolitan Area">St. John's</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abbotsford,_British_Columbia" title="Abbotsford, British Columbia">Abbotsford</a>, BC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a>, ON</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a>, QC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a>, QC</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a>, ON</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan_American_Games_host_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Pan_American_Games_host_cities" title="Template:Pan American Games host cities"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Pan_American_Games_host_cities" title="Template talk:Pan American Games host cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Pan_American_Games_host_cities&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan_American_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a> host cities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1951_Pan_American_Games" title="1951 Pan American Games">1951</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1955_Pan_American_Games" title="1955 Pan American Games">1955</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1959_Pan_American_Games" title="1959 Pan American Games">1959</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1963_Pan_American_Games" title="1963 Pan American Games">1963</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Brazil_%281960%E2%80%931968%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281960%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Brazil_%281960%E2%80%931968%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281960%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Brazil_%281960%E2%80%931968%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281960%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1967_Pan_American_Games" title="1967 Pan American Games">1967</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winnipeg</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1971_Pan_American_Games" title="1971 Pan American Games">1971</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cali" title="Cali">Cali</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1975_Pan_American_Games" title="1975 Pan American Games">1975</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1979_Pan_American_Games" title="1979 Pan American Games">1979</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico"><img alt="Puerto Rico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1983_Pan_American_Games" title="1983 Pan American Games">1983</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg/45px-State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1987_Pan_American_Games" title="1987 Pan American Games">1987</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1991_Pan_American_Games" title="1991 Pan American Games">1991</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1995_Pan_American_Games" title="1995 Pan American Games">1995</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1999_Pan_American_Games" title="1999 Pan American Games">1999</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winnipeg</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2003_Pan_American_Games" title="2003 Pan American Games">2003</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2007_Pan_American_Games" title="2007 Pan American Games">2007</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_Pan_American_Games" title="2011 Pan American Games">2011</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Pan_American_Games" title="2015 Pan American Games">2015</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Pan_American_Games" title="2019 Pan American Games">2019</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></i></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2023_Pan_American_Games" title="2023 Pan American Games">2023</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a></i></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Winter_Pan_American_Games" title="1990 Winter Pan American Games">1990</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Las_Le%C3%B1as" title="Las Leñas">Las Leñas</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159364353">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79079425/">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119565957">France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119565957">(data)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=34666">Ukraine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4119124-9">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79079425">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0081490&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\W\I\Winnipeg">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045746">National Archives (US)</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1646758867 |
