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'{{Short description|Musical scale and key signature}} {{About|the C minor scale|the chord C minor|minor chord}} {{Infobox musical scale | name=C minor<br /><score>{ \new Staff \with{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 } << \time 2/16 \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f { \clef treble \key c \minor s16 \clef bass \key c \minor s16 } >> }</score> | relative=[[E-flat major|E{{music|flat}} major]] | parallel=[[C major]] | dominant=[[G minor]] | subdominant=[[F minor]] | first_pitch=C | second_pitch=D | third_pitch=E{{music|flat}} | fourth_pitch=F | fifth_pitch=G | sixth_pitch=A{{music|flat}} | seventh_pitch=B{{music|flat}} }} '''C minor''' is a [[minor scale]] based on [[C (musical note)|C]], consisting of the pitches C, [[D (musical note)|D]], [[E♭ (musical note)|E{{music|flat}}]], [[F (musical note)|F]], [[G (musical note)|G]], [[A♭ (musical note)|A{{music|flat}}]], and [[B♭ (musical note)|B{{music|flat}}]]. Its [[key signature]] consists of three [[Flat (music)|flats]]. Its [[Relative key|relative major]] is [[E-flat major|E{{music|flat}} major]] and its [[parallel key|parallel major]] is [[C major]]. The C [[natural minor scale]] is: :<score sound="1"> { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \key c \minor \time 7/4 c4^\markup "C natural minor scale" d es f g aes bes c bes aes g f es d c2 \clef bass \key c \minor } } </score> Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C [[Harmonic minor scale|harmonic minor]] and [[Melodic minor scale|melodic minor scales]] are: :<score sound="1"> { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \key c \minor \time 7/4 c4^\markup "C harmonic minor scale" d es f g aes b c b aes g f es d c2 } } </score> :<score sound="1"> { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \key c \minor \time 7/4 c4^\markup "C melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" d es f g a b c bes! aes! g f es d c2 } } </score> ==Characteristics== In the [[Baroque music|Baroque period]], music in C minor was usually written with a two-flat key signature, and some modern editions of that repertoire retain that convention.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} [[Joseph Haydn]] wrote the [[Piano Sonata Hob. XVI/20]] in C minor. Of the two piano concertos that [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] wrote in a minor key, one of them ([[Piano Concerto No. 24 (Mozart)|No. 24, K. 491]]) is in C minor. Beethoven wrote some of his most characteristic works in the key of C minor, including [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 5]] and three of his piano sonatas. (See [[Beethoven and C minor]].) [[Johannes Brahms]]' [[Symphony No. 1 (Brahms)|Symphony No. 1]] and [[String Quartets, Op. 51 (Brahms)|String Quartet]] were composed in C minor. Three of [[Anton Bruckner]]'s ten numbered symphonies are in C minor, as are two of [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]'s symphonies. ==Notable compositions== {{See also|List of symphonies in C minor}} {{Div col|colwidth=25em}} *[[Charles-Valentin Alkan]] **[[Preludes, Op. 31 (Alkan)|Prelude Op. 31, No. 16 (Assez lentement)]] **[[Symphony for Solo Piano (Alkan)#Allegro|Symphony for Solo Piano, 1st movement: Allegro]] **[[Trois grandes études#Mouvement semblable et perpetuel|Trois grandes études, Op. 76, No. 3 "Mouvement semblable et perpetuel" (Rondo-Toccata) for the hands reunited]] *[[Johann Sebastian Bach|Johannes Sebastian Bach]] **[[Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582]] **[[Lute Suite in C minor, BWV 997]] **[[Cello Suite No. 5 (Bach)|Cello Suite No. 5, BWV 1011]] **[[The Musical Offering]], BWV 1079 **[[Partita for keyboard No. 2, BWV 826|Partita No. 2, BWV 826]] *[[Ludwig van Beethoven]] **[[Piano Sonata No. 5 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 5]] **[[Piano Sonata No. 8 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 8 (''Pathétique'')]] **[[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Beethoven)|Piano Concerto No. 3]] **[[Coriolan Overture]] **[[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 5]] **[[Choral Fantasy (Beethoven)|''Choral Fantasy'']] **[[Piano Sonata No. 32 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 32]] *[[Johannes Brahms]] **[[Symphony No. 1 (Brahms)|Symphony No. 1]] **[[String Quartets, Op. 51 (Brahms)|String Quartet Op. 51/1]] **[[Piano Trio No. 3 (Brahms)|Piano Trio No. 3]] **[[Piano Quartet No. 3 (Brahms)|Piano Quartet No. 3]] *[[Anton Bruckner]] **[[Symphony No. 1 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 1]] **[[Symphony No. 2 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 2]] **[[Symphony No. 8 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 8]] *[[Frédéric Chopin]] **[[Rondo in C minor (Chopin)|Rondo Op. 1]] **[[Piano Sonata No. 1 (Chopin)|Piano Sonata No. 1]] **[[Étude Op. 10, No. 12 (Chopin)|Étude Op. 10, No. 12 (''Revolutionary'')]] **[[Étude Op. 25, No. 12 (Chopin)|Étude Op. 25, No. 12 (''Ocean'')]] **[[Preludes (Chopin)|Prélude Op. 28, No. 20 "Funeral March"]] **[[Nocturnes, Op. 48 (Chopin)|Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48, No. 1]] **[[Nocturne in C minor, Op. posth. (Chopin)]] **[[Mazurkas, Op. 56 (Chopin)|Mazurka Op. 56, No. 3]] *[[Gabriel Fauré]] **[[Élégie (Fauré)|Élégie]], Op. 24 *[[Franz Liszt]] **[[Transcendental Étude No. 8 (Liszt)|''Transcendental Étude'' No. 8 "Wilde Jagd"]] *[[Gustav Mahler]] **[[Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 2 "Auferstehung"]] *[[Felix Mendelssohn]] **[[Symphony No. 1 (Mendelssohn)|Symphony No. 1]] *[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] **''[[Great Mass in C minor]]'', KV 427/417a **[[Piano Concerto No. 24 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 24, KV 491]] **[[Maurerische Trauermusik]] KV 477 *[[Sergei Prokofiev]] **[[Symphony No. 3 (Prokofiev)|Symphony No. 3, Op. 44]] *[[Sergei Rachmaninoff]] **[[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Concerto No. 2]] *[[Camille Saint-Saëns]] **[[Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)|Symphony No. 3 (''Organ Symphony'')]] *[[Dmitri Shostakovich]] **[[String Quartet No. 8 (Shostakovich)|String Quartet No. 8]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 4]] **[[Symphony No. 8 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 8]] *[[Franz Schubert]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Schubert)|Symphony No. 4]], D. 417 **[[Schubert's last sonatas#Sonata in C minor, D. 958|Piano Sonata No. 19]], D. 958 **[[Impromptus (Schubert)#No. 1 in C minor|Impromptu No. 1, D. 899]] {{Div col end}} ==See also== *[[Key (music)]] *[[Major and minor]] *[[Chord (music)]] *[[Chord notation]] ==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}} {{Circle of fifths}} {{DEFAULTSORT:C Minor}} [[Category:Musical keys]] [[Category:Minor scales]] [[Category:Compositions in C minor| ]]'