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'{{short description|Russian scientist}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}} {{Infobox person | name = Vasily Karazin | image = Karazin - Engraving.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1773|01|30}} | birth_place = Kruchyk village of [[Sloboda Ukraine Governorate]] in [[Russian Empire]] (today [[Ukraine]]) | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1842|11|04|1773|01|30}} | death_place = [[Mykolaiv|Nikolaev]] of [[New Russia Governorate]] in [[Russian Empire]] (today [[Ukraine]]) | body_discovered = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}--> | nationality = [[Russian Empire|Russian]] | citizenship = [[Russian Empire]] | other_names = | known_for = Founder of the [[Kharkiv University|Imperial Kharkov University]] | education = | alma_mater = | employer = | occupation = | years_active = | networth = | height = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | opponents = | boards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relations = | callsign = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Vasily Nazarovich Karazin''' ({{lang-ru|Васи́лий Наза́рович Кара́зин}}; {{lang-ukr|Василь Назарович Каразін}}; 30 January 1773 – 4 November 1842) was a [[Russian Enlightenment]] figure, intellectual, inventor, scientific publisher, founder of the [[Ministry of National Education (Russian Empire)|Ministry of National Education]] in the [[Russian Empire]], and of the Imperial [[Kharkov University]] (now the [[V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University]] in [[Ukraine]]). ==Biography== [[File:Vasiliy Nazarovich Karazin.jpg|thumb|Vasily Karazin]] Karazin was born in [[:ru:Кручик|Kruchik]] village, [[Kharkov Governorate]] in the [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Ukraine]]). His father was Nazary Aleksandrovich Karazin, a [[Russian Empire|Russian]] [[Military history of Imperial Russia|Imperial Army]] officer noted for his involvement in [[Pârvu Cantacuzino]]'s 1769 rebellion in [[Wallachia]]. Karazin's mother Varvara belonged to [[Russian nobility]] and was of partial [[Cossack|Cossack starshyna]] ancestry.<ref name=KUW231114>[http://ukrainianweek.com/History/123906 What Makes Kharkiv Ukrainian], [[The Ukrainian Week]] (23 November 2014)</ref> Vasily Karazin considered himself to be ethnic [[Serbia|Serbian]] while his paternal family were originally known as [[Karadžić (surname)|Karadžić]], which has Serb Montenegrin origins.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Solovyev|first1=Sergey|authorlink1=Sergey Solovyov (historian)|title=History of Russia, Volume 46|date=1976|publisher=Academic International Press|isbn=9780875691282|pages=210|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7poAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> He was married to [[Alexandra Karazina]] (née [[Mukhina]]) from [[Moscow]], who was well known as a translator of [[French literature]] into [[Russian language|Russian]]; her stepfather was the Russian Imperial General major [[:ru:Егор Иванович Бланкеннагель|Egor von Blankennagel]]. Karazin was educated in schools for the nobility in [[Kharkov]] and then in [[Kremenchug]]. At the age of eighteen, he left for [[Saint Petersburg]], and underwent military training in the [[Semyonovsky Regiment|1st Semyonovsky Independent Rifle Regiment]]. He also studied at the School of Mines, one of the top educational institutions in the Russian Empire at that time. Karazin was unhappy in this environment, and often reacted against the manners and customs condoned by the nobility of the times. Unsatisfied with his military service, he moved back to his village and married a fourteen-year-old [[Serfdom|serf]] girl. In 1798, Karazin attempted to leave Russia given his opposition to the policies of [[List of Russian rulers|Russian Emperor]] [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]], but was denied a [[passport]]. After he attempted to cross the border illegally, he was swiftly arrested. When [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] took power, Karazin began petitioning him with his views on government development, pointing out the state's need to invest in education. In 1802 he obtained the tsar's permission to open a [[university]] in Kharkov. On 1 September of that year, during a meeting of the Kharkov nobility, he gave a famous speech on the benefits of having a university, asking for voluntary donations. Lacking sufficient funding and academic supplies, Karazin struggled to achieve his educational priorities. The local elite preferred to have a military college in the city.<ref name=KUW231114/> On 17 January 1805, Kharkov University was opened but Karazin did not take part in the opening ceremony, as by that time he had lost his position with the Ministry of Education. According to [[Alexander Herzen]], "the colossal ideas of Karazin were downscaled to a provincial [[Education in Germany|German]] ''[[Vocational university|Hochschule]]''".<ref>[[Alexander Herzen|Hertzen A.I.]] ''Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] and V.N. Karazin'' From Hertzen in 30 volumes – Moscow, 1959. –v. 16. {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Forced to return to his village, Karazin established a school for local children. In November 1808, he wrote a letter to the emperor titled ''On non-intervention in European affairs'' for which he was arrested for a second time. Karazin carried out a wide range of academic work. He was a member of seven academies and published more than 60 articles in different fields of science, primarily [[agriculture]], [[pharmacology]], [[chemistry]], and [[physics]]. As an example of his innovative spirit, in 1810 in his village he opened the first [[weather station]] in the territory of present-day Ukraine. Karazin repeatedly voiced critiques of what he viewed as [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander's]] resistance to self-government and national education in the Russian Empire. Karazin was the founding father of the [[Ministry of National Education (Russian Empire)|Ministry of National Education]]. His direct confrontation with Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] was so public, that in 1820–21 Karazin was even imprisoned in [[Shlisselburg Fortress]]. After that he lived in his family estate. Karazin died in [[Mykolaiv|Nikolaev]]. The Russian painter and writer [[Nikolay Karazin]] was his grandson. ==See also== *[[Kharkiv University]] (''V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University''), University in [[Kharkiv]] named in his honour *[[Andrej Dudrovich]] *[[Atanasije Stojković]] *[[Teodor Filipović]] *[[Gligorije Trlajić]] *[[Sava Petrović (professor)|Sava Petrović]] *[[Đorđe Koritar]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Vasilij Karazin}} *{{in lang|uk|ru}} "An Enthusiastic 'Ukrainian Lomonosov'", ''[[Zerkalo Nedeli]]'', #1(376), 5 January 2002 Available online [http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/ie/show/376/33410/ in Russian] and [http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/376/33410/ in Ukrainian]. *{{in lang|uk}} [http://korolenko.kharkov.com/karazin.htm Vasyl Karazin. Bibliography] *{{in lang|ru}} [http://az.lib.ru/b/baratynskij_e_a/text_0101.shtml A.M Peskov ''Boratynsky''] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Karazin, Vasily}} [[Category:Enlightenment scientists]] [[Category:Politicians of the Russian Empire]] [[Category:Inventors from the Russian Empire]] [[Category:Engineers of the Russian Empire]] [[Category:Scientists of the Russian Empire]] [[Category:People of the Russian Empire of Serbian descent]] [[Category:People of the Russian Empire of Greek descent]] [[Category:Ukrainian politicians]] [[Category:Ukrainian inventors]] [[Category:Ukrainian engineers]] [[Category:Ukrainian scientists]] [[Category:Russian meteorologists]] [[Category:18th-century Serbian people]] [[Category:1773 births]] [[Category:1842 deaths]]'