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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Roman Client King of Mauretania (r. AD 20-40)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More footnotes|date=August 2018}}
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{{other people||Ptolemy (name)}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ptolemy
| image = Ptolemy of Mauretania Louvre Ma1887.jpg
| caption = Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, c. 30–40, [[Louvre]]
| succession = [[King of Mauretania]]
| reign = 20–40 (20 years)
| birth_date = 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC<ref>Roller 2003, p. 244</ref>
| birth_place = unknown
| death_date = 40 AD (age 49–53)
| death_place = [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]
| predecessor = [[Juba II]]
| successor = None (Kingdom annexed by Rome)
| spouse = Julia Urania
| issue = [[Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)|Drusilla]]
| full name = Gaius Julius Ptolemaeus
| house = [[List of kings of Numidia|Numidia]] ''(paternal line)''<br>[[Ptolemaic dynasty]] ''(maternal line)''
| father = [[Juba II]]
| mother= [[Cleopatra Selene II|Cleopatra Selene II of Egypt]]
| image_size = 200px
| place of burial = [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]]
}}
'''Ptolemy of Mauretania''' ({{lang-grc-gre|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaîos''; {{lang-la|Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus}};<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of Client Kingship |last=Braund |first=David |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=9781317803010 |pages=45 |series=Routledge Revivals}}</ref> 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC–AD{{nbsp}}40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of [[Mauretania]] for Rome. He was the son of [[Juba II]], the king of Numidia, and a member of the [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Massylii|Massyles]] tribe, as well as a descendant of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] via his mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania {{!}} North African ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
{{anchor|History|Biography}}
== Early life ==
[[File:Juba and cleopatra coin.gif|thumb|300px|Illustration of a coin of the [[Numidia]]n ruler [[Juba II]], king of [[Mauretania]], on the [[obverse]], with [[Cleopatra Selene II]] on the reverse.]]
[[File:Cleopatra Selene II bust, Cherchell, Algeria 2.jpg|thumb|An ancient Roman bust of [[Cleopatra Selene II]], [[Archaeological Museum of Cherchell]], Algeria]]
[[File:Ptolemy of Mauretania bust, Cherchell, Algeria 3.jpg|thumb|An ancient Roman bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, [[Archaeological Museum of Cherchell]], Algeria]]
Ptolemy was the son of King [[Juba II]] and Queen [[Cleopatra Selene II]] of [[Mauretania]]. His birth date is not certainly known but must have occurred before his mother's death, which has been estimated to have taken place in 5{{nbsp}}BC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemaic Dynasty |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Ptolemaic_Dynasty/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> He had a sister (possibly younger) who is evidenced by an Athenian inscription, but her name has not been preserved.<ref>{{Citation |last=roller |first=duane w rollerduane w |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1705 |work=Dictionary of African Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1705 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |access-date=2022-07-18}}</ref> She may have been called Drusilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drusilla of Mauretania |url=http://www.hellenicaworld.com/Greece/Person/en/DrusillaOfMauretania.html |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.hellenicaworld.com}}</ref>
His father [[Juba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name, Cleopatra Selene II created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her role as the monarch who would continue the Ptolemaic dynasty. She by-passed the ancestral names of her husband. By naming her son Ptolemy instead of a Berber ancestral name, she offers an example rare in ancient history, especially in the case of a son who is the primary male heir, of reaching into the mother's family instead of the father's for a name. This emphasized the idea that his mother was the heiress of the Ptolemies and the leader of a Ptolemaic government in exile.
Through his parents, Ptolemy had [[Roman citizenship]], and they sent him to [[Rome]] to be educated. His mother likely died in 5{{nbsp}}BC and was placed in the [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]], built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt [[Antonia Minor]], an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor [[Augustus]], was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was [[Octavia Minor]], Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.
===Reign===
When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba{{nbsp}}II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba{{nbsp}}II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II with his title in Latin '' ‘King Juba’''. On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene{{nbsp}}II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.
During his co-rule with Juba{{nbsp}}II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In [[Athens]], [[Greece]], statues were erected to Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy in a gymnasium in Athens, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.
[[File:Tolomeo re di numidia e mauretania, busto di restauro, inv. 2253.JPG|thumb|Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania in the [[Vatican Museums]] (Museo Chiaramonti)]]
In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian [[Tacfarinas]] and [[Garamantes]], started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.
The [[Roman Senate]], impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as ''king, ally, and friend''. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.
Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]], [[Italy]].
In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the [[Saturn (mythology)|Temple of Saturn ''frugifer dues'']]. Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture, and a god [[interpretatio graeca|considered equivalent to]] Saturn was the god of agriculture. This cult was an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in Caesaria by 30 and, throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.
His mother originated from [[Egypt]], where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.
A surviving inscription in Mauretania hints that either Juba{{nbsp}}II or Ptolemy established an imperial cult honoring [[Hiempsal II]], a previous Numidian King and paternal grandfather of Juba{{nbsp}}II. According to inscription evidence, Ptolemy may have established a Royal Mauretanian cult honoring himself and his late parents (see [[Berber mythology]]). One inscription is dedicated to his genius, and another inscription expressed wishes for his good health.
Evidence suggesting that Ptolemy could have deified Juba{{nbsp}}II after his death is from the writings of the Christian author of the 3rd century, [[Marcus Minucius Felix]]. In Felix's ''Octavius'', the writer records a dialogue between a Christian and a pagan from [[Cirta]]. This dialogue was part of a Christian argument that divinity is impossible for mortals. Felix lists humans who were said to have become divine: ''Saturn, Jupiter, Romulus and Juba''. Further literary evidence, suggesting the deification of Juba{{nbsp}}II by Ptolemy, is from the brief [[euhemerist]] exercise entitled ''On the Vanity of Idols'' by the 3rd-century Christian saint [[Cyprian]]. In his exercise in deflating the gods, Cyprian observed and stated that the Mauretanians were manifestly worshiping their kings and did not conceal their name by any disguise. According to the surviving evidence, there is a strong probability that Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy were deified by the Berbers after their deaths.
Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba{{nbsp}}II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy’'' and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no [[Ancient Egypt]]ian imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the [[Hellenistic period]] which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.
Other coins display Roman themes. A rare revealing gold coin, dated from the year 39, celebrates Ptolemy's ascent, his rule, and his loyalty to Rome. On one side of the coin, there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II and is inscribed in Latin ''‘King Juba son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II is personified like a Greek Egyptian [[pharaoh]] from the Ptolemaic dynasty. The other side of the coin is an eagle with its wings displayed on a thunderbolt, and Ptolemy's initials are inscribed in Latin. Through his father's central bust and inscription, Ptolemy is celebrating and showing the continuation of his family and rule, while honoring his paternal ancestry. Ptolemy through the eagle is celebrating the Roman Peace, honoring the rule of the Roman Empire, while he is showing his allegiance and loyalty to Ancient Rome. Another coin, dating from the year 40, celebrates his senatorial decree. The coin shows, on one side, a [[Curule seat|curule chair]] upon which is a [[wreath]] and has a [[sceptre]] leaning against it. On the other side of the coin, Ptolemy is wearing a fillet on his head.
Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.
Ptolemy married a woman named Julia Urania, who came from obscure origins. She is only known through a funeral inscription found at Caesaria through her freedwoman [[Julia Bodina]]. Bodina ascribed Julia Urania as ''‘Queen Julia Urania’''. There is a possibility that Julia Urania was a member of the [[royal family of Emesa]] (modern [[Homs]], [[Syria]]). Ptolemy married Julia Urania at an unknown date during the 1st century. She bore Ptolemy, in about 38, a daughter called [[Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)|Drusilla]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Roller |first=Duane W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ |title=Cleopatra: A Biography |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-982996-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tyldesley |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fW4y5vvw2FUC |title=Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt |date=2011 |publisher=Profile Books |isbn=978-1-84765-044-3 |pages=202 |language=en}}</ref>
===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).png|thumb|Statue of King Ptolemy of Mauretania at the Museum of History and Civilizations in [[Rabat]], Morocco]]
The Kingdom of Mauretania was one of the wealthiest Roman client kingdoms, and after 24, Ptolemy continued to reign without interruption. In late 40, Caligula invited Ptolemy to [[Rome]] and welcomed him with appropriate honours. Ptolemy was confirmed as king and an ally and friend of the empire, but he was assassinated by the order of Caligula. Caligula's motivation is unclear. Ancient historians claim envy of Ptolemy's wealth<ref>Dio, 59.25.1</ref> or a theatrical crowd's admiration of Ptolemy's purple cloak.<ref>Suetonius, Caligula, 35.2</ref> Later historians have suggested other motivations. Some of these are inspired by Suetonius's claim about the purple cloak, while others are independent of the claims of the ancient historians, for example, the idea that Ptolemy may have been implicated in a plot by Gaetulicus or Caligula wanted to exert greater control over Mauretania.<ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 159-60</ref>
After Ptolemy's murder in [[Rome]], his former household slave [[Aedemon]], from outrage and out of loyalty to his former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals [[Gnaeus Hosidius Geta]] and [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]] were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were [[Mauretania Tingitana]] and [[Mauretania Caesariensis]].<ref>Osgood 2011, p. 113</ref><ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 160</ref>
==In popular culture==
Ptolemy is a minor character in the novels by [[Robert Graves]], ''[[I Claudius]] '' and ''Claudius the God''.
He appears in [[Stephanie Dray]]'s novel ''Daughters of the Nile'', which marked the end of the trilogy focusing on Ptolemy's mother.
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze Roman imperial bust of Ptolemy about age 15 which [[Sotheby's]] auctioned in [[New York (state)|New York]] for [[USD|$]]960,000 in 2004.
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
=== Bibliography ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/suetonius/12caesars/home.html|title=The Lives of the Twelve Caesars|last=Suetonius|series=Loeb Classical Library|publisher=Heinemann|translator-last=Rolfe|translator-first=John Carew|translator-link=John Carew Rolfe|language=Latin, English|at=Caligula & Claudius}}
* [[Tacitus]], The Annals of Imperial Rome, Partner of my Labors
* [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] - Ptolemy of Mauretania
* Burstein, Stanley M. ''The Reign of Cleopatra'', [[University of Oklahoma Press]] December 30, 2007 {{ISBN|978-0-8061-3871-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Roller|first=Duane|title=The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415305969}}
* Nikos Kokkinos, Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady (London; New York: Routledge 1992)
* Michael Brett & Elizabeth Fentress, The Berbers, Blackwell Publishers 1997
* John Williams Humphrey, [[John Peter Oleson]] & Andrew N. Sherwood. Contributors: John Peter Oleson and Andrew N. Sherwood: Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook: Annotated Translations of Greek Texts and Documents, Routledge 1998
* Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial, Brill 2004
* Christopher H. Hallett, The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300, Oxford University Press, 2005
* {{cite book|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/cassius_dio/59*.html|title=Roman History, Volume VII: Books 56 - 60|author=Cassius Dio|series=Loeb Classical Library|publisher=Heinemann|translator-last=Carey|translator-first=Earnest|language=Latin, English}}
* {{cite book|author=Anthony A. Barrett|title=Caligula: The Abuse of Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bAvwBgAAQBAJ|date=5 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-53392-4}}
* {{cite book|author=Josiah Osgood|title=Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUH09iE-bRAC|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88181-4}}
{{Refend}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2932.html ancient library article on Ptolemy]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410155632/http://www.lunalucifera.com/Mauretania/index.html coinage article and biography on Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090925225424/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/selene_ii.htm article on Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauretania]
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:10s BC births]]
[[Category:40 deaths]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Berber people]]
[[Category:1st-century Berber people]]
[[Category:1st-century disestablishments]]
[[Category:1st-century executions]]
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:Julii]]
[[Category:Kings of Mauretania]]
[[Category:People executed by the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:People from Cherchell]]
[[Category:Ptolemaic dynasty]]
[[Category:Roman client rulers]]' |
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Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 2
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R7
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 6
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
'''Ptolemy of Mauretania'({{lang-grc-gre|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaîos''; {{lang-la|Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus}};<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of Client Kingship |last=Braund |first=David |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=9781317803010 |pages=45 |series=Routledge Revivals}}</ref> 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC–AD{{nbsp}}40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of [[Mauretania]] for Rome. He was the son of [[Juba II]], the king of Numidia, and a member of the [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Massylii|Massyles]] tribe, as well as a descendant of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] via his mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania {{!}} North African ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
{{anchor|History|Biography}}
== Early life ==
we all love mustapha nejari, Algeria he is the king of pizza loves sharks has back problems has curly hair and evryone gets inspired by him and we all know tht he is the king o the world and hes queen is zainab dashit so always give ur best in being lazy doing shit cse thts wht ewe all me i u her she he him they them ca we wasll do wht alphapha can be done due to the frinehdg ydhneh ehgyr 3 yebr4nnif 6ebrg4hy4 4hv4tg43v 4yg7yg4vr eybry7hirn3 r7h4ubub4t 4yh43h yhbruenr neuyuun h33ygt7rd yerehdijnde ehbhuehb ern4ygurikr nyryh4jrjn ujtbthuirnf 4brgty4 r4hgir hbrffbr fhbfjdnfbfbe bduyhef fhg brye hf hfuehnf
His father [[Juba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name, Cleopatra Selene II created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her role as the monarch who would continue the Ptolemaic dynasty. She by-passed the ancestral names of her husband. By naming her son Ptolemy instead of a Berber ancestral name, she offers an example rare in ancient history, especially in the case of a son who is the primary male heir, of reaching into the mother's family instead of the father's for a name. This emphasized the idea that his mother was the heiress of the Ptolemies and the leader of a Ptolemaic government in exile.
Through his parents, Ptolemy had [[Roman citizenship]], and they sent him to [[Rome]] to be educated. His mother likely died in 5{{nbsp}}BC and was placed in the [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]], built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt [[Antonia Minor]], an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor [[Augustus]], was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was [[Octavia Minor]], Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
===Reign===
When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba{{nbsp}}II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba{{nbsp}}II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II with his title in Latin '' ‘King Juba’''. On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene{{nbsp}}II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
During his co-rule with Juba{{nbsp}}II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In [[Athens]], [[Greece]], statues were erected to Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy belived in greek gods and betray all egypt because he found aprodidtety hot, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
[[File:Tolomeo re di numidia e mauretania, busto di restauro, inv. 2253.JPG|thumb|Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania in the [[Vatican Museums]] (Museo Chiaramonti)]]
In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian [[Tacfarinas]] and [[Garamantes]], started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
The [[Roman Senate]], impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as ''king, ally, and friend''. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]], [[Italy]].uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the [[Saturn (mythology)|Temple of Saturn ''frugifer dues'']]. Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture, and a god [[interpretatio graeca|considered equivalent to]] Saturn was the god of agriculture. This cult was an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in Caesaria by 30 and, throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.
His mother originated from [[Egypt]], where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
A surviving inscription in Mauretania hints that either Juba{{nbsp}}II or Ptolemy established an imperial cult honoring [[Hiempsal II]], a previous Numidian King and paternal grandfather of Juba{{nbsp}}II. According to inscription evidence, Ptolemy may have established a Royal Mauretanian cult honoring himself and his late parents (see [[Berber mythology]]). One inscription is dedicated to his genius, and another inscription expressed wishes for his good health.
Evidence suggesting that Ptolemy could have deified Juba{{nbsp}}II after his death is from the writings of the Christian author of the 3rd century, [[Marcus Minucius Felix]]. In Felix's ''Octavius'', the writer records a dialogue between a Christian and a pagan from [[Cirta]]. This dialogue was part of a Christian argument that divinity is impossible for mortals. Felix lists humans who were said to have become divine: ''Saturn, Jupiter, Romulus and Juba''. Further literary evidence, suggesting the deification of Juba{{nbsp}}II by Ptolemy, is from the brief [[euhemerist]] exercise entitled ''On the Vanity of Idols'' by the 3rd-century Christian saint [[Cyprian]]. In his exercise in deflating the gods, Cyprian observed and stated that the Mauretanians were manifestly worshiping their kings and did not conceal their name by any disguise. According to the surviving evidence, there is a strong probability that Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy were deified by the Berbers after their deaths.
Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba{{nbsp}}II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy’'' and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no [[Ancient Egypt]]ian imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the [[Hellenistic period]] which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
Other coins display Roman themes. A rare revealing gold coin, dated from the year 39, celebrates Ptolemy's ascent, his rule, and his loyalty to Rome. On one side of the coin, there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II and is inscribed in Latin ''‘King Juba son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II is personified like a Greek Egyptian [[pharaoh]] from the Ptolemaic dynasty. The other side of the coin is an eagle with its wings displayed on a thunderbolt, and Ptolemy's initials are inscribed in Latin. Through his father's central bust and inscription, Ptolemy is celebrating and showing the continuation of his family and rule, while honoring his paternal ancestry. Ptolemy through the eagle is celebrating the Roman Peace, honoring the rule of the Roman Empire, while he is showing his allegiance and loyalty to Ancient Rome. Another coin, dating from the year 40, celebrates his senatorial decree. The coin shows, on one side, a [[Curule seat|curule chair]] upon which is a [[wreath]] and has a [[sceptre]] leaning against it. On the other side of the coin, Ptolemy is wearing a fillet on his head.
Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
Ptolemy married a woman named Julia Urania, who came from obscure origins. She is only known through a funeral inscription found at Caesaria through her freedwoman [[Julia Bodina]]. Bodina ascribed Julia Urania as ''‘Queen Julia Urania’''. There is a possibility that Julia Urania was a member of the [[royal family of Emesa]] (modern [[Homs]], [[Syria]]). Ptolemy married Julia Urania at an unknown date during the 1st century. She bore Ptolemy, in about 38, a daughter called [[Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)|Drusilla]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Roller |first=Duane W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ |title=Cleopatra: A Biography |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-982996-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tyldesley |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fW4y5vvw2FUC |title=Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt |date=2011 |publisher=Profile Books |isbn=978-1-84765-044-3 |pages=202 |language=en}}</ref>
===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).png|thumb|Statue of King Ptolemy of Mauretania at the Museum of History and Civilizations in [[Rabat]], Morocco]]
The Kingdom of Mauretania was one of the wealthiest Roman client kingdoms, and after 24, Ptolemy continued to reign without interruption. In late 40, Caligula invited Ptolemy to [[Rome]] and welcomed him with appropriate honours. Ptolemy was confirmed as king and an ally and friend of the empire, but he was assassinated by the order of Caligula. Caligula's motivation is unclear. Ancient historians claim envy of Ptolemy's wealth<ref>Dio, 59.25.1</ref> or a theatrical crowd's admiration of Ptolemy's purple cloak.<ref>Suetonius, Caligula, 35.2</ref> Later historians have suggested other motivations. Some of these are inspired by Suetonius's claim about the purple cloak, while others are independent of the claims of the ancient historians, for example, the idea that Ptolemy may have been implicated in a plot by Gaetulicus or Caligula wanted to exert greater control over Mauretania.<ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 159-60</ref>
After Ptolemy's murder in [[Rome]], his former household slave [[Aedemon]], from outrage and out of loyalty to his a dog/former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals [[Gnaeus Hosidius Geta]] and [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]] were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were [[Mauretania Tingitana]] and [[Mauretania Caesariensis]].<ref>Osgood 2011, p. 113</ref><ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 160</ref>
==In popular culture=====Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).
Ptolemy is a minor character in the novels by [[Robert Graves]], ''[[I Claudius]] '' and ''Claudius the God''.
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by
arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R and wht will do the will so should u be cambodianalical opperation toward the kill much game the lit
eraThroughlo ut [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]defintion of san]ata , statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
He appears in [[Stephanie Dray]]'s novel ''Daughters of the Nile'', which marked the end of the trilogy focusing on Ptolemy's mother.
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze Roman imperial bust of Ptolemy about age 15 which [[Sotheby's]] auctioned in [[New York (state)|New York]] for [[USD|$]]960,000 in 2004.
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
=== Bibliography ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/suetonius/12caesars/home.html|title=The Lives of the Twelve Caesars|last=Suetonius|series=Loeb Classical Library|publisher=Heinemann|translator-last=Rolfe|translator-first=John Carew|translator-link=John Carew Rolfe|language=Latin, English|at=Caligula & Claudius}}
* [[Tacitus]], The Annals of Imperial Rome, Partner of my Labors
* [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] - Ptolemy of Mauretania
* Burstein, Stanley M. ''The Reign of Cleopatra'', [[University of Oklahoma Press]] December 30, 2007 {{ISBN|978-0-8061-3871-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Roller|first=Duane|title=The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415305969}}
* Nikos Kokkinos, Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady (London; New York: Routledge 1992)
* Michael Brett & Elizabeth Fentress, The Berbers, Blackwell Publishers 1997
* John Williams Humphrey, [[John Peter Oleson]] & Andrew N. Sherwood. Contributors: John Peter Oleson and Andrew N. Sherwood: Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook: Annotated Translations of Greek Texts and Documents, Routledge 1998
* Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial, Brill 2004
* Christopher H. Hallett, The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300, Oxford University Press, 2005
* {{cite book|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/cassius_dio/59*.html|title=Roman History, Volume VII: Books 56 - 60|author=Cassius Dio|series=Loeb Classical Library|publisher=Heinemann|translator-last=Carey|translator-first=Earnest|language=Latin, English}}
* {{cite book|author=Anthony A. Barrett|title=Caligula: The Abuse of Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bAvwBgAAQBAJ|date=5 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-53392-4}}
* {{cite book|author=Josiah Osgood|title=Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUH09iE-bRAC|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88181-4}}
{{Refend}}
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
== External links ==
* [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2932.html ancient library article on Ptolemy]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410155632/http://www.lunalucifera.com/Mauretania/index.html coinage article and biography on Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090925225424/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/selene_ii.htm article on Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauretania]
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ptolemy Of Mauretania}}
[[Category:10s BC births]]
[[Category:40 deaths]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Berber people]]
[[Category:1st-century Berber people]]
[[Category:1st-century disestablishments]]
[[Category:1st-century executions]]
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Africa]]
[[Category:Julii]]
[[Category:Kings of Mauretania]]
[[Category:People executed by the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:People from Cherchell]]
[[Category:Ptolemaic dynasty]]
[[Category:Roman client rulers]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,30 +1,29 @@
-{{short description|Roman Client King of Mauretania (r. AD 20-40)}}
-{{Multiple issues|
-{{More footnotes|date=August 2018}}
-{{Tone|date=August 2018}}}}
-{{other people||Ptolemy (name)}}
-{{Infobox royalty
-| name = Ptolemy
-| image = Ptolemy of Mauretania Louvre Ma1887.jpg
-| caption = Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, c. 30–40, [[Louvre]]
-| succession = [[King of Mauretania]]
-| reign = 20–40 (20 years)
-| birth_date = 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC<ref>Roller 2003, p. 244</ref>
-| birth_place = unknown
-| death_date = 40 AD (age 49–53)
-| death_place = [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]
-| predecessor = [[Juba II]]
-| successor = None (Kingdom annexed by Rome)
-| spouse = Julia Urania
-| issue = [[Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)|Drusilla]]
-| full name = Gaius Julius Ptolemaeus
-| house = [[List of kings of Numidia|Numidia]] ''(paternal line)''<br>[[Ptolemaic dynasty]] ''(maternal line)''
-| father = [[Juba II]]
-| mother= [[Cleopatra Selene II|Cleopatra Selene II of Egypt]]
-| image_size = 200px
-| place of burial = [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]]
-}}
+?><~
+}}''Italic text''people find this topic fun but it is a wate of breath,time,space and will do some shit and can't really do shat and uethn;ehbh dibwlbqoibfq fhbfelgvf8yewf eybuqV;UQSBFL V FEBWU and can we even do the wish we want to accomplish a change but at tht time they had no knowing of doing the heirogliphic but i the data recorded we shall do thus wht we want and cant rlly do my mothers work the yet whoop call gnap can we always do u use i will give u a powder of colour rainbow room sunshine 3 to the left 2 to the right can we do something strange so will we conjure a capture to default an error of mistake pls support liver pool cse we all love arsenals.
-'''Ptolemy of Mauretania''' ({{lang-grc-gre|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaîos''; {{lang-la|Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus}};<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of Client Kingship |last=Braund |first=David |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=9781317803010 |pages=45 |series=Routledge Revivals}}</ref> 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC–AD{{nbsp}}40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of [[Mauretania]] for Rome. He was the son of [[Juba II]], the king of Numidia, and a member of the [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Massylii|Massyles]] tribe, as well as a descendant of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] via his mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania {{!}} North African ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 2
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R7
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 6
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+'''Ptolemy of Mauretania'({{lang-grc-gre|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaîos''; {{lang-la|Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus}};<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of Client Kingship |last=Braund |first=David |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=9781317803010 |pages=45 |series=Routledge Revivals}}</ref> 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC–AD{{nbsp}}40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of [[Mauretania]] for Rome. He was the son of [[Juba II]], the king of Numidia, and a member of the [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Massylii|Massyles]] tribe, as well as a descendant of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] via his mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania {{!}} North African ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
{{anchor|History|Biography}}
@@ -32,30 +31,33 @@
== Early life ==
-[[File:Juba and cleopatra coin.gif|thumb|300px|Illustration of a coin of the [[Numidia]]n ruler [[Juba II]], king of [[Mauretania]], on the [[obverse]], with [[Cleopatra Selene II]] on the reverse.]]
-[[File:Cleopatra Selene II bust, Cherchell, Algeria 2.jpg|thumb|An ancient Roman bust of [[Cleopatra Selene II]], [[Archaeological Museum of Cherchell]], Algeria]]
-[[File:Ptolemy of Mauretania bust, Cherchell, Algeria 3.jpg|thumb|An ancient Roman bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, [[Archaeological Museum of Cherchell]], Algeria]]
-Ptolemy was the son of King [[Juba II]] and Queen [[Cleopatra Selene II]] of [[Mauretania]]. His birth date is not certainly known but must have occurred before his mother's death, which has been estimated to have taken place in 5{{nbsp}}BC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemaic Dynasty |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Ptolemaic_Dynasty/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> He had a sister (possibly younger) who is evidenced by an Athenian inscription, but her name has not been preserved.<ref>{{Citation |last=roller |first=duane w rollerduane w |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1705 |work=Dictionary of African Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1705 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |access-date=2022-07-18}}</ref> She may have been called Drusilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drusilla of Mauretania |url=http://www.hellenicaworld.com/Greece/Person/en/DrusillaOfMauretania.html |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.hellenicaworld.com}}</ref>
-
-His father [[Juba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].
-
+we all love mustapha nejari, Algeria he is the king of pizza loves sharks has back problems has curly hair and evryone gets inspired by him and we all know tht he is the king o the world and hes queen is zainab dashit so always give ur best in being lazy doing shit cse thts wht ewe all me i u her she he him they them ca we wasll do wht alphapha can be done due to the frinehdg ydhneh ehgyr 3 yebr4nnif 6ebrg4hy4 4hv4tg43v 4yg7yg4vr eybry7hirn3 r7h4ubub4t 4yh43h yhbruenr neuyuun h33ygt7rd yerehdijnde ehbhuehb ern4ygurikr nyryh4jrjn ujtbthuirnf 4brgty4 r4hgir hbrffbr fhbfjdnfbfbe bduyhef fhg brye hf hfuehnf
+His father [[Juba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name, Cleopatra Selene II created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her role as the monarch who would continue the Ptolemaic dynasty. She by-passed the ancestral names of her husband. By naming her son Ptolemy instead of a Berber ancestral name, she offers an example rare in ancient history, especially in the case of a son who is the primary male heir, of reaching into the mother's family instead of the father's for a name. This emphasized the idea that his mother was the heiress of the Ptolemies and the leader of a Ptolemaic government in exile.
-Through his parents, Ptolemy had [[Roman citizenship]], and they sent him to [[Rome]] to be educated. His mother likely died in 5{{nbsp}}BC and was placed in the [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]], built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt [[Antonia Minor]], an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor [[Augustus]], was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was [[Octavia Minor]], Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.
+Through his parents, Ptolemy had [[Roman citizenship]], and they sent him to [[Rome]] to be educated. His mother likely died in 5{{nbsp}}BC and was placed in the [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]], built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt [[Antonia Minor]], an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor [[Augustus]], was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was [[Octavia Minor]], Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
===Reign===
-When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba{{nbsp}}II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba{{nbsp}}II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II with his title in Latin '' ‘King Juba’''. On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene{{nbsp}}II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.
+When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba{{nbsp}}II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba{{nbsp}}II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II with his title in Latin '' ‘King Juba’''. On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene{{nbsp}}II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
-During his co-rule with Juba{{nbsp}}II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In [[Athens]], [[Greece]], statues were erected to Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy in a gymnasium in Athens, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.
+During his co-rule with Juba{{nbsp}}II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In [[Athens]], [[Greece]], statues were erected to Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy belived in greek gods and betray all egypt because he found aprodidtety hot, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
[[File:Tolomeo re di numidia e mauretania, busto di restauro, inv. 2253.JPG|thumb|Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania in the [[Vatican Museums]] (Museo Chiaramonti)]]
-In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian [[Tacfarinas]] and [[Garamantes]], started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.
+In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian [[Tacfarinas]] and [[Garamantes]], started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
-The [[Roman Senate]], impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as ''king, ally, and friend''. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.
+The [[Roman Senate]], impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as ''king, ally, and friend''. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
-Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]], [[Italy]].
+Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]], [[Italy]].uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the [[Saturn (mythology)|Temple of Saturn ''frugifer dues'']]. Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture, and a god [[interpretatio graeca|considered equivalent to]] Saturn was the god of agriculture. This cult was an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in Caesaria by 30 and, throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.
-His mother originated from [[Egypt]], where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.
+His mother originated from [[Egypt]], where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
A surviving inscription in Mauretania hints that either Juba{{nbsp}}II or Ptolemy established an imperial cult honoring [[Hiempsal II]], a previous Numidian King and paternal grandfather of Juba{{nbsp}}II. According to inscription evidence, Ptolemy may have established a Royal Mauretanian cult honoring himself and his late parents (see [[Berber mythology]]). One inscription is dedicated to his genius, and another inscription expressed wishes for his good health.
@@ -63,9 +65,12 @@
Evidence suggesting that Ptolemy could have deified Juba{{nbsp}}II after his death is from the writings of the Christian author of the 3rd century, [[Marcus Minucius Felix]]. In Felix's ''Octavius'', the writer records a dialogue between a Christian and a pagan from [[Cirta]]. This dialogue was part of a Christian argument that divinity is impossible for mortals. Felix lists humans who were said to have become divine: ''Saturn, Jupiter, Romulus and Juba''. Further literary evidence, suggesting the deification of Juba{{nbsp}}II by Ptolemy, is from the brief [[euhemerist]] exercise entitled ''On the Vanity of Idols'' by the 3rd-century Christian saint [[Cyprian]]. In his exercise in deflating the gods, Cyprian observed and stated that the Mauretanians were manifestly worshiping their kings and did not conceal their name by any disguise. According to the surviving evidence, there is a strong probability that Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy were deified by the Berbers after their deaths.
-Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba{{nbsp}}II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy’'' and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no [[Ancient Egypt]]ian imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the [[Hellenistic period]] which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.
+Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba{{nbsp}}II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy’'' and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no [[Ancient Egypt]]ian imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the [[Hellenistic period]] which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
Other coins display Roman themes. A rare revealing gold coin, dated from the year 39, celebrates Ptolemy's ascent, his rule, and his loyalty to Rome. On one side of the coin, there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II and is inscribed in Latin ''‘King Juba son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II is personified like a Greek Egyptian [[pharaoh]] from the Ptolemaic dynasty. The other side of the coin is an eagle with its wings displayed on a thunderbolt, and Ptolemy's initials are inscribed in Latin. Through his father's central bust and inscription, Ptolemy is celebrating and showing the continuation of his family and rule, while honoring his paternal ancestry. Ptolemy through the eagle is celebrating the Roman Peace, honoring the rule of the Roman Empire, while he is showing his allegiance and loyalty to Ancient Rome. Another coin, dating from the year 40, celebrates his senatorial decree. The coin shows, on one side, a [[Curule seat|curule chair]] upon which is a [[wreath]] and has a [[sceptre]] leaning against it. On the other side of the coin, Ptolemy is wearing a fillet on his head.
-Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.
+Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
+Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
Ptolemy married a woman named Julia Urania, who came from obscure origins. She is only known through a funeral inscription found at Caesaria through her freedwoman [[Julia Bodina]]. Bodina ascribed Julia Urania as ''‘Queen Julia Urania’''. There is a possibility that Julia Urania was a member of the [[royal family of Emesa]] (modern [[Homs]], [[Syria]]). Ptolemy married Julia Urania at an unknown date during the 1st century. She bore Ptolemy, in about 38, a daughter called [[Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)|Drusilla]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Roller |first=Duane W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ |title=Cleopatra: A Biography |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-982996-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tyldesley |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fW4y5vvw2FUC |title=Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt |date=2011 |publisher=Profile Books |isbn=978-1-84765-044-3 |pages=202 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ -75,8 +80,17 @@
The Kingdom of Mauretania was one of the wealthiest Roman client kingdoms, and after 24, Ptolemy continued to reign without interruption. In late 40, Caligula invited Ptolemy to [[Rome]] and welcomed him with appropriate honours. Ptolemy was confirmed as king and an ally and friend of the empire, but he was assassinated by the order of Caligula. Caligula's motivation is unclear. Ancient historians claim envy of Ptolemy's wealth<ref>Dio, 59.25.1</ref> or a theatrical crowd's admiration of Ptolemy's purple cloak.<ref>Suetonius, Caligula, 35.2</ref> Later historians have suggested other motivations. Some of these are inspired by Suetonius's claim about the purple cloak, while others are independent of the claims of the ancient historians, for example, the idea that Ptolemy may have been implicated in a plot by Gaetulicus or Caligula wanted to exert greater control over Mauretania.<ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 159-60</ref>
-After Ptolemy's murder in [[Rome]], his former household slave [[Aedemon]], from outrage and out of loyalty to his former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals [[Gnaeus Hosidius Geta]] and [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]] were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were [[Mauretania Tingitana]] and [[Mauretania Caesariensis]].<ref>Osgood 2011, p. 113</ref><ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 160</ref>
+After Ptolemy's murder in [[Rome]], his former household slave [[Aedemon]], from outrage and out of loyalty to his a dog/former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals [[Gnaeus Hosidius Geta]] and [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]] were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were [[Mauretania Tingitana]] and [[Mauretania Caesariensis]].<ref>Osgood 2011, p. 113</ref><ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 160</ref>
-==In popular culture==
+==In popular culture=====Death===
+[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
+[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
+[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
+[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
+[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).
Ptolemy is a minor character in the novels by [[Robert Graves]], ''[[I Claudius]] '' and ''Claudius the God''.
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by
+ arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R and wht will do the will so should u be cambodianalical opperation toward the kill much game the lit
+eraThroughlo ut [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]defintion of san]ata , statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
He appears in [[Stephanie Dray]]'s novel ''Daughters of the Nile'', which marked the end of the trilogy focusing on Ptolemy's mother.
@@ -107,4 +121,17 @@
* {{cite book|author=Josiah Osgood|title=Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUH09iE-bRAC|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88181-4}}
{{Refend}}
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
+Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
== External links ==
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1 => '}}''Italic text''people find this topic fun but it is a wate of breath,time,space and will do some shit and can't really do shat and uethn;ehbh dibwlbqoibfq fhbfelgvf8yewf eybuqV;UQSBFL V FEBWU and can we even do the wish we want to accomplish a change but at tht time they had no knowing of doing the heirogliphic but i the data recorded we shall do thus wht we want and cant rlly do my mothers work the yet whoop call gnap can we always do u use i will give u a powder of colour rainbow room sunshine 3 to the left 2 to the right can we do something strange so will we conjure a capture to default an error of mistake pls support liver pool cse we all love arsenals.',
2 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 2',
3 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
4 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R7',
5 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
6 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 6',
7 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
8 => '',
9 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
10 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
11 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
12 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
13 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
14 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
15 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
16 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
17 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
18 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
19 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
20 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
21 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
22 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
23 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
24 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
25 => ''''Ptolemy of Mauretania'({{lang-grc-gre|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaîos''; {{lang-la|Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus}};<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of Client Kingship |last=Braund |first=David |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=9781317803010 |pages=45 |series=Routledge Revivals}}</ref> 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC–AD{{nbsp}}40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of [[Mauretania]] for Rome. He was the son of [[Juba II]], the king of Numidia, and a member of the [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Massylii|Massyles]] tribe, as well as a descendant of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] via his mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania {{!}} North African ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>',
26 => 'we all love mustapha nejari, Algeria he is the king of pizza loves sharks has back problems has curly hair and evryone gets inspired by him and we all know tht he is the king o the world and hes queen is zainab dashit so always give ur best in being lazy doing shit cse thts wht ewe all me i u her she he him they them ca we wasll do wht alphapha can be done due to the frinehdg ydhneh ehgyr 3 yebr4nnif 6ebrg4hy4 4hv4tg43v 4yg7yg4vr eybry7hirn3 r7h4ubub4t 4yh43h yhbruenr neuyuun h33ygt7rd yerehdijnde ehbhuehb ern4ygurikr nyryh4jrjn ujtbthuirnf 4brgty4 r4hgir hbrffbr fhbfjdnfbfbe bduyhef fhg brye hf hfuehnf',
27 => 'His father [[Juba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
28 => 'Through his parents, Ptolemy had [[Roman citizenship]], and they sent him to [[Rome]] to be educated. His mother likely died in 5{{nbsp}}BC and was placed in the [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]], built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt [[Antonia Minor]], an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor [[Augustus]], was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was [[Octavia Minor]], Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
29 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
30 => 'When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba{{nbsp}}II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba{{nbsp}}II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II with his title in Latin '' ‘King Juba’''. On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene{{nbsp}}II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
31 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
32 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
33 => 'During his co-rule with Juba{{nbsp}}II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In [[Athens]], [[Greece]], statues were erected to Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy belived in greek gods and betray all egypt because he found aprodidtety hot, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
34 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
35 => 'In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian [[Tacfarinas]] and [[Garamantes]], started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
36 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
37 => 'The [[Roman Senate]], impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as ''king, ally, and friend''. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
38 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
39 => 'Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]], [[Italy]].uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
40 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
41 => 'His mother originated from [[Egypt]], where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
42 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
43 => 'Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba{{nbsp}}II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy’'' and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no [[Ancient Egypt]]ian imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the [[Hellenistic period]] which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
44 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
45 => 'Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
46 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe',
47 => 'Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of [[Mauretania]] (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]) in the [[Roman Empire]]. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,',
48 => 'After Ptolemy's murder in [[Rome]], his former household slave [[Aedemon]], from outrage and out of loyalty to his a dog/former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals [[Gnaeus Hosidius Geta]] and [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]] were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were [[Mauretania Tingitana]] and [[Mauretania Caesariensis]].<ref>Osgood 2011, p. 113</ref><ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 160</ref>',
49 => '==In popular culture=====Death===',
50 => '[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===',
51 => '[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===',
52 => '[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===',
53 => '[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===',
54 => '[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن). ',
55 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by ',
56 => ' arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R and wht will do the will so should u be cambodianalical opperation toward the kill much game the lit',
57 => 'eraThroughlo ut [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]defintion of san]ata , statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
58 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
59 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
60 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
61 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
62 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
63 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
64 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
65 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
66 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
67 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
68 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
69 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
70 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R',
71 => 'Throughout [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]], statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the [[Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat]], [[Morocco]]. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba{{nbsp}}II virtually show his relations to the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{short description|Roman Client King of Mauretania (r. AD 20-40)}}',
1 => '{{Multiple issues|',
2 => '{{More footnotes|date=August 2018}}',
3 => '{{Tone|date=August 2018}}}}',
4 => '{{other people||Ptolemy (name)}}',
5 => '{{Infobox royalty',
6 => '| name = Ptolemy',
7 => '| image = Ptolemy of Mauretania Louvre Ma1887.jpg',
8 => '| caption = Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, c. 30–40, [[Louvre]]',
9 => '| succession = [[King of Mauretania]]',
10 => '| reign = 20–40 (20 years)',
11 => '| birth_date = 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC<ref>Roller 2003, p. 244</ref>',
12 => '| birth_place = unknown',
13 => '| death_date = 40 AD (age 49–53)',
14 => '| death_place = [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]',
15 => '| predecessor = [[Juba II]]',
16 => '| successor = None (Kingdom annexed by Rome)',
17 => '| spouse = Julia Urania',
18 => '| issue = [[Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)|Drusilla]]',
19 => '| full name = Gaius Julius Ptolemaeus',
20 => '| house = [[List of kings of Numidia|Numidia]] ''(paternal line)''<br>[[Ptolemaic dynasty]] ''(maternal line)''',
21 => '| father = [[Juba II]]',
22 => '| mother= [[Cleopatra Selene II|Cleopatra Selene II of Egypt]]',
23 => '| image_size = 200px',
24 => '| place of burial = [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]]',
25 => '}}',
26 => ''''Ptolemy of Mauretania''' ({{lang-grc-gre|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaîos''; {{lang-la|Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus}};<ref>{{Cite book |title=Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of Client Kingship |last=Braund |first=David |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=9781317803010 |pages=45 |series=Routledge Revivals}}</ref> 13{{nbsp}}{{abbr|x|sometime between}} 9{{nbsp}}BC–AD{{nbsp}}40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of [[Mauretania]] for Rome. He was the son of [[Juba II]], the king of Numidia, and a member of the [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Massylii|Massyles]] tribe, as well as a descendant of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] via his mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania {{!}} North African ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>',
27 => '[[File:Juba and cleopatra coin.gif|thumb|300px|Illustration of a coin of the [[Numidia]]n ruler [[Juba II]], king of [[Mauretania]], on the [[obverse]], with [[Cleopatra Selene II]] on the reverse.]]',
28 => '[[File:Cleopatra Selene II bust, Cherchell, Algeria 2.jpg|thumb|An ancient Roman bust of [[Cleopatra Selene II]], [[Archaeological Museum of Cherchell]], Algeria]]',
29 => '[[File:Ptolemy of Mauretania bust, Cherchell, Algeria 3.jpg|thumb|An ancient Roman bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, [[Archaeological Museum of Cherchell]], Algeria]]',
30 => 'Ptolemy was the son of King [[Juba II]] and Queen [[Cleopatra Selene II]] of [[Mauretania]]. His birth date is not certainly known but must have occurred before his mother's death, which has been estimated to have taken place in 5{{nbsp}}BC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ptolemaic Dynasty |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Ptolemaic_Dynasty/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> He had a sister (possibly younger) who is evidenced by an Athenian inscription, but her name has not been preserved.<ref>{{Citation |last=roller |first=duane w rollerduane w |title=Ptolemy of Mauretania |date=2011-01-01 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1705 |work=Dictionary of African Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1705 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |access-date=2022-07-18}}</ref> She may have been called Drusilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drusilla of Mauretania |url=http://www.hellenicaworld.com/Greece/Person/en/DrusillaOfMauretania.html |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.hellenicaworld.com}}</ref>',
31 => '',
32 => 'His father [[Juba II]] was the son of King [[Juba I of Numidia]], who was descended from the [[Berbers]] of [[North Africa]] and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir [[Pompey]]. His mother [[Cleopatra Selene II]] was the daughter of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] Greek Queen [[Cleopatra VII]] of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. Ptolemy was of Berber, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] to reach maturity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleopatra Selene II |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> and were among the younger grandchildren to [[Mark Antony]]. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to [[Julius Caesar]] and the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]]. Ptolemy was a first cousin to [[Germanicus]] and the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] and a second cousin to the Emperor [[Caligula]], the Empress [[Agrippina the Younger]], the Empress [[Valeria Messalina]] and the Emperor [[Nero]].',
33 => '',
34 => 'Through his parents, Ptolemy had [[Roman citizenship]], and they sent him to [[Rome]] to be educated. His mother likely died in 5{{nbsp}}BC and was placed in the [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]], built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt [[Antonia Minor]], an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor [[Augustus]], was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was [[Octavia Minor]], Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.',
35 => 'When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba{{nbsp}}II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba{{nbsp}}II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of Juba{{nbsp}}II with his title in Latin '' ‘King Juba’''. On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’''. Juba{{nbsp}}II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene{{nbsp}}II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.',
36 => 'During his co-rule with Juba{{nbsp}}II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In [[Athens]], [[Greece]], statues were erected to Juba{{nbsp}}II and Ptolemy in a gymnasium in Athens, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.',
37 => 'In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian [[Tacfarinas]] and [[Garamantes]], started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.',
38 => 'The [[Roman Senate]], impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as ''king, ally, and friend''. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.',
39 => 'Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]], [[Italy]].',
40 => 'His mother originated from [[Egypt]], where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.',
41 => 'Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba{{nbsp}}II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin '' ‘King Ptolemy’'' and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no [[Ancient Egypt]]ian imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the [[Hellenistic period]] which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.',
42 => 'Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.',
43 => 'After Ptolemy's murder in [[Rome]], his former household slave [[Aedemon]], from outrage and out of loyalty to his former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals [[Gnaeus Hosidius Geta]] and [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]] were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were [[Mauretania Tingitana]] and [[Mauretania Caesariensis]].<ref>Osgood 2011, p. 113</ref><ref>Barrett 2015, pp. 160</ref>',
44 => '==In popular culture=='
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
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11 => 'https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/cassius_dio/59*.html',
12 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/19000444',
13 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/95162664217655001038',
14 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080410155632/http://www.lunalucifera.com/Mauretania/index.html',
15 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090925225424/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/selene_ii.htm',
16 => 'https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania',
17 => 'https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1705',
18 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526000#identifiers',
19 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n98080308/',
20 => 'https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/',
21 => 'https://www.worldhistory.org/Ptolemaic_Dynasty/'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>?><~
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</p><p>Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 2
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R7
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R 6
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
</p><p>Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
<b>Ptolemy of Mauretania'(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πτολεμαῖος</span></span>, <i>Ptolemaîos</i>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> 13<span class="nowrap"> </span><abbr title="sometime between">x</abbr> 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC–AD<span class="nowrap"> </span>40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> for Rome. He was the son of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a>, the king of Numidia, and a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massylii" title="Massylii">Massyles</a> tribe, as well as a descendant of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a> via his mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></b>
</p><p><span class="anchor" id="History"></span><span class="anchor" id="Biography"></span>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Reign"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reign</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Death"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#In_popular_culture=====Death="><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture=====Death=</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>we all love mustapha nejari, Algeria he is the king of pizza loves sharks has back problems has curly hair and evryone gets inspired by him and we all know tht he is the king o the world and hes queen is zainab dashit so always give ur best in being lazy doing shit cse thts wht ewe all me i u her she he him they them ca we wasll do wht alphapha can be done due to the frinehdg ydhneh ehgyr 3 yebr4nnif 6ebrg4hy4 4hv4tg43v 4yg7yg4vr eybry7hirn3 r7h4ubub4t 4yh43h yhbruenr neuyuun h33ygt7rd yerehdijnde ehbhuehb ern4ygurikr nyryh4jrjn ujtbthuirnf 4brgty4 r4hgir hbrffbr fhbfjdnfbfbe bduyhef fhg brye hf hfuehnf
His father <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name, Cleopatra Selene II created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her role as the monarch who would continue the Ptolemaic dynasty. She by-passed the ancestral names of her husband. By naming her son Ptolemy instead of a Berber ancestral name, she offers an example rare in ancient history, especially in the case of a son who is the primary male heir, of reaching into the mother's family instead of the father's for a name. This emphasized the idea that his mother was the heiress of the Ptolemies and the leader of a Ptolemaic government in exile.
</p><p>Through his parents, Ptolemy had <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Roman citizenship</a>, and they sent him to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> to be educated. His mother likely died in 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC and was placed in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_Mausoleum_of_Mauretania" title="Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania">Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania</a>, built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonia_Minor" title="Antonia Minor">Antonia Minor</a>, an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Octavia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavia Minor">Octavia Minor</a>, Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus). Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reign">Reign</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side there is a central bust of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II with his title in Latin <i> ‘King Juba’</i>. On the other side there is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin <i> ‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’</i>. Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene<span class="nowrap"> </span>II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Then Ptolemy became the sole ruler of Mauretania.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p><p>During his co-rule with Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, statues were erected to Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II and Ptolemy belived in greek gods and betray all egypt because he found aprodidtety hot, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania,_busto_di_restauro,_inv._2253.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania%2C_busto_di_restauro%2C_inv._2253.JPG/220px-Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania%2C_busto_di_restauro%2C_inv._2253.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania%2C_busto_di_restauro%2C_inv._2253.JPG/330px-Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania%2C_busto_di_restauro%2C_inv._2253.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania%2C_busto_di_restauro%2C_inv._2253.JPG/440px-Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania%2C_busto_di_restauro%2C_inv._2253.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="2456" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tolomeo_re_di_numidia_e_mauretania,_busto_di_restauro,_inv._2253.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a> (Museo Chiaramonti)</div></div></div>
<p>In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tacfarinas" title="Tacfarinas">Tacfarinas</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garamantes" title="Garamantes">Garamantes</a>, started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist Ptolemy in ending the revolt. The war finally ended in 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a>, impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit Ptolemy. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as <i>king, ally, and friend</i>. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p><p>Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p><p>In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Temple of Saturn <i>frugifer dues</i></a>. Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture, and a god <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">considered equivalent to</a> Saturn was the god of agriculture. This cult was an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in Caesaria by 30 and, throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.
</p><p>His mother originated from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p><p>A surviving inscription in Mauretania hints that either Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II or Ptolemy established an imperial cult honoring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hiempsal_II" title="Hiempsal II">Hiempsal II</a>, a previous Numidian King and paternal grandfather of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II. According to inscription evidence, Ptolemy may have established a Royal Mauretanian cult honoring himself and his late parents (see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berber_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber mythology">Berber mythology</a>). One inscription is dedicated to his genius, and another inscription expressed wishes for his good health.
</p><p>Evidence suggesting that Ptolemy could have deified Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II after his death is from the writings of the Christian author of the 3rd century, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Minucius_Felix" title="Marcus Minucius Felix">Marcus Minucius Felix</a>. In Felix's <i>Octavius</i>, the writer records a dialogue between a Christian and a pagan from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a>. This dialogue was part of a Christian argument that divinity is impossible for mortals. Felix lists humans who were said to have become divine: <i>Saturn, Jupiter, Romulus and Juba</i>. Further literary evidence, suggesting the deification of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II by Ptolemy, is from the brief <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Euhemerist" class="mw-redirect" title="Euhemerist">euhemerist</a> exercise entitled <i>On the Vanity of Idols</i> by the 3rd-century Christian saint <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a>. In his exercise in deflating the gods, Cyprian observed and stated that the Mauretanians were manifestly worshiping their kings and did not conceal their name by any disguise. According to the surviving evidence, there is a strong probability that Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II and Ptolemy were deified by the Berbers after their deaths.
</p><p>Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is very different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin <i> ‘King Ptolemy’</i> and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egyptian</a> imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents did when they ruled Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is another symbol representing Africa.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p><p>Other coins display Roman themes. A rare revealing gold coin, dated from the year 39, celebrates Ptolemy's ascent, his rule, and his loyalty to Rome. On one side of the coin, there is a central bust of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II and is inscribed in Latin <i>‘King Juba son of Juba’</i>. Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II is personified like a Greek Egyptian <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> from the Ptolemaic dynasty. The other side of the coin is an eagle with its wings displayed on a thunderbolt, and Ptolemy's initials are inscribed in Latin. Through his father's central bust and inscription, Ptolemy is celebrating and showing the continuation of his family and rule, while honoring his paternal ancestry. Ptolemy through the eagle is celebrating the Roman Peace, honoring the rule of the Roman Empire, while he is showing his allegiance and loyalty to Ancient Rome. Another coin, dating from the year 40, celebrates his senatorial decree. The coin shows, on one side, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curule_seat" title="Curule seat">curule chair</a> upon which is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wreath" title="Wreath">wreath</a> and has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">sceptre</a> leaning against it. On the other side of the coin, Ptolemy is wearing a fillet on his head.
</p><p>Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,uba II]] was the son of King <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia" title="Juba I of Numidia">Juba I of Numidia</a>, who was descended from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>. His mother <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> was the daughter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> Greek Queen <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VII">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Ptolemy was of Berber, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juba_II" title="Juba II">Juba II</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a> to reach maturity,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> and were among the younger grandchildren to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. Ptolemy was a first cousin to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus">Germanicus</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and a second cousin to the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, the Empress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a> and the Emperor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.and i fell tht ur not doing a good good job ei love not being wrong which wrong cse i am correct about being wrong does tht actually rlly do things thht make me think thw er gonna fo due eyubfe hdwjehbuhew ywbhebeyfjbtr yegtyhruntghjb frybyrgbughrt tyhrnruyhgbguyh yhgbythurungjh ntyigbhr gh gbtur ntutbugb nvgbbthghr hbtrybguer fyebyhrihbfueyr rbyeuyhe
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a>. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name,
</p><p>Ptolemy married a woman named Julia Urania, who came from obscure origins. She is only known through a funeral inscription found at Caesaria through her freedwoman <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Julia_Bodina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia Bodina (page does not exist)">Julia Bodina</a>. Bodina ascribed Julia Urania as <i>‘Queen Julia Urania’</i>. There is a possibility that Julia Urania was a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Royal_family_of_Emesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal family of Emesa">royal family of Emesa</a> (modern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>). Ptolemy married Julia Urania at an unknown date during the 1st century. She bore Ptolemy, in about 38, a daughter called <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drusilla_(daughter_of_Ptolemy_of_Mauretania)" title="Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)">Drusilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16">[16]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86).png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%28%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%29.png/220px-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%28%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%28%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%29.png/330px-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%28%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%29.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%28%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%29.png/440px-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%28%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="4128" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86).png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Statue of King Ptolemy of Mauretania at the Museum of History and Civilizations in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, Morocco</div></div></div>
<p>The Kingdom of Mauretania was one of the wealthiest Roman client kingdoms, and after 24, Ptolemy continued to reign without interruption. In late 40, Caligula invited Ptolemy to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and welcomed him with appropriate honours. Ptolemy was confirmed as king and an ally and friend of the empire, but he was assassinated by the order of Caligula. Caligula's motivation is unclear. Ancient historians claim envy of Ptolemy's wealth<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> or a theatrical crowd's admiration of Ptolemy's purple cloak.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> Later historians have suggested other motivations. Some of these are inspired by Suetonius's claim about the purple cloak, while others are independent of the claims of the ancient historians, for example, the idea that Ptolemy may have been implicated in a plot by Gaetulicus or Caligula wanted to exert greater control over Mauretania.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>After Ptolemy's murder in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, his former household slave <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aedemon" title="Aedemon">Aedemon</a>, from outrage and out of loyalty to his a dog/former master, wanted to take revenge against Caligula and started the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gnaeus_Hosidius_Geta" title="Gnaeus Hosidius Geta">Gnaeus Hosidius Geta</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaius_Suetonius_Paulinus" title="Gaius Suetonius Paulinus">Gaius Suetonius Paulinus</a> were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
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<h2><span id="In_popular_culture.3D.3D.3D.3D.3DDeath.3D"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture=====Death=">In popular culture=====Death=</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture=====Death=">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).===Death===
[[File:تصويرة ديال تّمتال د لماليك پطوليمايوس لموري (من ليمن).
Ptolemy is a minor character in the novels by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Claudius" class="mw-redirect" title="I Claudius">I Claudius</a> </i> and <i>Claudius the God</i>.
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by
</p>
<pre>arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R and wht will do the will so should u be cambodianalical opperation toward the kill much game the lit
</pre>
<p>eraThroughlo ut <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and [[Morocco]defintion of san]ata , statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
</p><p>He appears in <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_Dray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie Dray (page does not exist)">Stephanie Dray</a>'s novel <i>Daughters of the Nile</i>, which marked the end of the trilogy focusing on Ptolemy's mother.
</p><p>Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze Roman imperial bust of Ptolemy about age 15 which <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> auctioned in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">$</a>960,000 in 2004.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Citations">Citations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-of-Mauretania">"Ptolemy of Mauretania | North African ruler | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Ptolemy+of+Mauretania+%7C+North+African+ruler+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPtolemy-of-Mauretania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Cleopatra_Selene_II/">"Cleopatra Selene II"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+Selene+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FCleopatra_Selene_II%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRoller2011" class="citation book cs1">Roller, Duane W. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ"><i>Cleopatra: A Biography</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-982996-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-982996-5"><bdi>978-0-19-982996-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-982996-5&rft.aulast=Roller&rft.aufirst=Duane+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEZo6DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTyldesley2011" class="citation book cs1">Tyldesley, Joyce (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fW4y5vvw2FUC"><i>Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt</i></a>. Profile Books. p. 202. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84765-044-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84765-044-3"><bdi>978-1-84765-044-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cleopatra%3A+Last+Queen+of+Egypt&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84765-044-3&rft.aulast=Tyldesley&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfW4y5vvw2FUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dio, 59.25.1</span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius, Caligula, 35.2</span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett 2015, pp. 159-60</span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osgood 2011, p. 113</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett 2015, pp. 160</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054258005">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSuetonius" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Suetonius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/suetonius/12caesars/home.html"><i>The Lives of the Twelve Caesars</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library (in Latin and English). Translated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Carew_Rolfe" title="John Carew Rolfe">Rolfe, John Carew</a>. Heinemann. Caligula & Claudius.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Twelve+Caesars&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pages=Caligula+%26+Claudius&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.au=Suetonius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2Fe%2Froman%2Ftexts%2Fsuetonius%2F12caesars%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, The Annals of Imperial Rome, Partner of my Labors</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> - Ptolemy of Mauretania</li>
<li>Burstein, Stanley M. <i>The Reign of Cleopatra</i>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a> December 30, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3871-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3871-8">978-0-8061-3871-8</a></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRoller2003" class="citation book cs1">Roller, Duane (2003). <i>The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier</i>. Routledge. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415305969" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415305969"><bdi>978-0415305969</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Juba+II+and+Kleopatra+Selene%3A+Royal+Scholarship+on+Rome%27s+African+Frontier&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0415305969&rft.aulast=Roller&rft.aufirst=Duane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li>Nikos Kokkinos, Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady (London; New York: Routledge 1992)</li>
<li>Michael Brett & Elizabeth Fentress, The Berbers, Blackwell Publishers 1997</li>
<li>John Williams Humphrey, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Peter_Oleson" title="John Peter Oleson">John Peter Oleson</a> & Andrew N. Sherwood. Contributors: John Peter Oleson and Andrew N. Sherwood: Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook: Annotated Translations of Greek Texts and Documents, Routledge 1998</li>
<li>Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial, Brill 2004</li>
<li>Christopher H. Hallett, The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300, Oxford University Press, 2005</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCassius_Dio" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cassius Dio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/cassius_dio/59*.html"><i>Roman History, Volume VII: Books 56 - 60</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library (in Latin and English). Translated by Carey, Earnest. Heinemann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+History%2C+Volume+VII%3A+Books+56+-+60&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.au=Cassius+Dio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2Fe%2Froman%2Ftexts%2Fcassius_dio%2F59%2A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_A._Barrett2015" class="citation book cs1">Anthony A. Barrett (5 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bAvwBgAAQBAJ"><i>Caligula: The Abuse of Power</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-53392-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-53392-4"><bdi>978-1-317-53392-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caligula%3A+The+Abuse+of+Power&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-03-05&rft.isbn=978-1-317-53392-4&rft.au=Anthony+A.+Barrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbAvwBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJosiah_Osgood2011" class="citation book cs1">Josiah Osgood (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xUH09iE-bRAC"><i>Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88181-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88181-4"><bdi>978-0-521-88181-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Claudius+Caesar%3A+Image+and+Power+in+the+Early+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88181-4&rft.au=Josiah+Osgood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxUH09iE-bRAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APtolemy+of+Mauretania" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
</div>
<p>Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
Throughout <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_History_and_Civilizations_in_Rabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat (page does not exist)">Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba<span class="nowrap"> </span>II virtually show his relations to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian dynasty</a>. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze R
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_of_Mauretania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2932.html">ancient library article on Ptolemy</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410155632/http://www.lunalucifera.com/Mauretania/index.html">coinage article and biography on Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090925225424/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/selene_ii.htm">article on Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauretania</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526000#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526000#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526000#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000045677710">1</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19000444">1</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95162664217655001038">2</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n98080308/">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n98080308">United States</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1842464/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1661657994' |
