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15:53, 6 October 2022: 209.50.132.2 (talk) triggered filter 971, performing the action "edit" on 1992 United States presidential election. Actions taken: Warn; Filter description: Additions of missing files (examine)

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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1992 United States presidential election
| election_name = 1992 United States presidential election
| country = United States
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1992
| flag_year = 1992
| turnout = 55.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.html |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref> {{increase}} 5.0 [[percentage point|pp]]
| turnout = 55.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.html |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref> {{increase}} 5.0 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image_size = x160px
| image_size = x160px
| image1 = Bill Clinton.jpg
| image1 = your mom.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[Bill Clinton]]'''
| nominee1 = '''[[Bill Clinton]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)

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'{{short description|52nd quadrennial U.S. presidential election}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}} {{Infobox election | election_name = 1992 United States presidential election | country = United States | flag_year = 1992 | type = presidential | opinion_polls = Historical_polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections#1992_United_States_presidential_election | previous_election = 1988 United States presidential election | previous_year = 1988 | election_date = November 2, 1993 | next_election = 1996 United States presidential election | next_year = 1996 | votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | turnout = 55.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.html |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref> {{increase}} 5.0 [[percentage point|pp]] | image_size = x160px | image1 = Bill Clinton.jpg | nominee1 = '''[[Bill Clinton]]''' | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state1 = [[Arkansas]] | running_mate1 = '''[[Al Gore]]''' | electoral_vote1 = '''370''' | states_carried1 = '''32 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]]''' | popular_vote1 = '''44,909,889''' | percentage1 = '''43.0%''' <!-- George H. W. Bush -->| image2 = File:George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_(cropped_2).jpg | nominee2 = [[George H. W. Bush]] | party2 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state2 = [[Texas]] | running_mate2 = [[Dan Quayle]] | electoral_vote2 = 168 | states_carried2 = 18 | popular_vote2 = 39,104,550 | percentage2 = 37.5% <!-- Ross Perot -->| image3 = RossPerotColor.jpg | nominee3 = [[Ross Perot]] | party3 = Independent (United States) | home_state3 = [[Texas]] | running_mate3 = [[James Stockdale]] | electoral_vote3 = 0 | states_carried3 = 0 | popular_vote3 = 19,743,821 | percentage3 = 18.9% <!-- Map -->| map_size = 350px | map = {{1992 United States presidential election imagemap}} | map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:blue;">Blue</span> denotes states won by Clinton/Gore and <span style="color:red;">red</span> denotes those won by Bush/Quayle. Numbers indicate [[electoral votes]] cast by each state and the District of Columbia. | title = President | before_election = [[George H. W. Bush]] | before_party = Republican Party (United States) | after_election = [[Bill Clinton]] | after_party = Democratic Party (United States) | ongoing = No }} {{George H. W. Bush series}} The '''1992 United States presidential election''' was the 52nd quadrennial [[United States presidential election|presidential election]], held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Governor [[Bill Clinton]] of [[Arkansas]] defeated incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] President [[George H. W. Bush]], independent businessman [[Ross Perot]] of [[Texas]], and a number of minor candidates. The election marked the end of a period of Republican dominance in American politics that began in [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], and also marked the end of 12 years of Republican rule of the [[White House]]. Until [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], this would be the last time the incumbent president failed to win a second term. Bush had alienated many of the [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatives]] in his party by breaking his 1988 campaign [[Read my lips: no new taxes|pledge against raising taxes]], but he fended off a [[1992 Republican Party presidential primaries|primary challenge]] from [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservative]] commentator [[Pat Buchanan]]. Bush's popularity following his success in the [[Gulf War]] dissuaded high-profile Democratic candidates like [[Mario Cuomo]] from entering the [[1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries|1992 Democratic primaries]]. Clinton, a leader of the centrist [[Democratic Leadership Council]], established himself as the front-runner for the Democratic nomination by sweeping the [[Super Tuesday]] primaries. He defeated former Governor of California [[Jerry Brown]], former [[Massachusetts]] Senator [[Paul Tsongas]], and other candidates to win his party's nomination, and chose [[Tennessee]] Senator [[Al Gore]] as his running mate. Billionaire Ross Perot launched [[Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign|an independent campaign]], emphasizing his opposition to the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] and his plan to reduce the [[National debt of the United States|national debt]]. The economy had recovered from a recession in the spring of 1991, followed by 19 consecutive months of economic growth, but perceptions of the economy's slow growth harmed Bush, for he had inherited a substantial economic boom from his predecessor [[Ronald Reagan]]. Bush's greatest strength, [[Foreign policy of the United States|foreign policy]], was regarded as much less important following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]], as well as the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the Gulf War. Perot led in several polls taken in June 1992, but severely damaged his candidacy by temporarily dropping out of the race in July. The Bush campaign criticized Clinton's character and emphasized Bush's foreign policy successes, while Clinton [[it's the economy, stupid|focused on the economy]]. Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote and a majority of the [[United States Electoral College|electoral vote]], breaking a streak of three consecutive Republican victories. He won states in every region of the country; he swept the [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]] and the [[Western United States|West Coast]], marking the start of Democratic dominance in both regions in both presidential and statewide elections. Clinton also performed well in the eastern [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]], the [[Mountain States|Mountain West]], [[Appalachia]], and parts of the [[Southeastern United States|South]]. This election was the first time a Democrat had won the presidency without [[1992 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]] since [[Texas annexation|its statehood]] and [[1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] since [[1844 United States presidential election in North Carolina|1844]]. This was the last time a presidential candidate won an election without winning the battleground state of Florida until [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], as Clinton went on to carry Florida when he won reelection in [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]]. This was also the last time to date that the state of [[Montana]] voted Democratic in a presidential election, and the last time until 2020 that [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] did so. Clinton flipped a total of 22 states that had voted Republican in the election of 1988. Clinton would win with the smallest vote share of the national vote since Woodrow Wilson in 1912, when the Republican Party experienced a drastic split. Along with [[Gerald Ford]] ([[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]), [[Jimmy Carter]] ([[1980 United States presidential election|1980]]), and [[Donald Trump]] ([[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]), Bush is one of four incumbent presidents since [[World War II]] to lose a bid for a second term. Perot won 18.9% of the popular vote, the [[List of third party performances in United States presidential elections|highest share]] of the vote won by a candidate outside of the two major parties since [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]. Although he failed to win any electoral votes, he beat either main candidate in some states and found significant support in every state, resulting in no state giving an absolute majority to any candidate except Clinton's home state of [[1992 United States presidential election in Arkansas|Arkansas]]. As such, this is the final election to date in which the Democratic nominee won less than 50% of the vote in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont; and in which the Republican nominee won less than 50% in Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Kansas, and Nebraska. It is also the third and final election since the Civil War in which a Republican or Democratic nominee failed to break 50% in a single state, the first two being [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]] for [[William Howard Taft]] and [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]] for [[Walter Mondale]]. As of 2022, this is the last time that either a Democratic or Republican candidate received less than 40% of the popular vote. == Nominations == === Democratic Party nomination === {{Main|1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:DemocraticLogo.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party (United States)]]<big>'''1992 Democratic Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Bill Clinton|{{color|white|Bill Clinton}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Al Gore|{{color|white|Al Gore}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:Bill clinton 1987.jpg|center|209x209px]] | [[File:Sengore.jpg|center|196x196px]] |- | [[List of governors of Arkansas|40th and 42nd]]<br />[[Governor of Arkansas]]<br /><small>(1979–1981, 1983–1992)</small> | [[U.S. Senator]]<br />from [[Tennessee]]<br /><small>(1985–1993)</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Clinton Gore 1992.svg|center|200x200px]] |} <center>'''Democratic candidates:'''</center> <gallery perrow="7" mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Jerry Brown in 1978 crop.jpg|{{center| Former [[Governor of California|Governor]]<br />'''[[Jerry Brown]]'''<br />of California}} File:Senator Paul Tsongas.jpg|{{center|Former [[United States Senate|Senator]]<br />'''[[Paul Tsongas]]'''<br />from [[Massachusetts]]}} File:Senator Bob Kerrey.jpg|{{center|Senator<br />'''[[Bob Kerrey]]'''<br />from [[Nebraska]]}} File:Tom Harkin portrait.jpg|{{center|Senator<br />'''[[Tom Harkin]]'''<br />from [[Iowa]]}} File:Douglas Wilder 2003 NIH.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Virginia|Governor]]<br />'''[[Douglas Wilder]]'''<br />of Virginia}} File:EugeneMcCarthy.jpg|{{center|Former [[United States Senate|Senator]]<br />'''[[Eugene McCarthy]]'''<br />from Minnesota}} File:patschroeder.jpg|{{center|[[United States House of Representatives|Representative]]<br />'''[[Pat Schroeder]]'''<br />from Colorado}} File:Official City Portrait of Larry Agran.jpg|{{center|Former Mayor of [[Irvine, California]] <br />'''[[Larry Agran]]'''<br />from California}} </gallery> ==== Overview ==== Following the successful performance by U.S. and coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War, President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s approval ratings were 89%. His re-election was considered very likely; several high-profile candidates, such as [[Mario Cuomo]] and [[Jesse Jackson]] refused to seek the Democratic nomination. Senator [[Al Gore]] refused to seek the nomination due to the fact his son had been struck by a car and was undergoing surgery and physical therapy. However, [[Tom Harkin]], [[Paul Tsongas]], [[Jerry Brown]], [[Larry Agran]], [[Bob Kerrey]], [[Douglas Wilder]] and [[Bill Clinton]] chose to run as candidates. U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (Iowa) ran as a populist liberal with labor union support. Former U.S. Senator Paul Tsongas (Mass.) highlighted his political independence and fiscal conservatism. Former California Governor Jerry Brown, who had run for the Democratic nomination in 1976 and 1980, declared a significant reform agenda, including Congressional [[term limit]]s, [[Campaign finance reform in the United States|campaign finance reform]], and the adoption of a [[Flat tax|flat income tax]]. Nebraska Senator Bob Kerrey was an attractive candidate based on his business and military background, but made several gaffes on the campaign trail. Arkansas Governor [[Bill Clinton]] positioned himself as a centrist, or [[New Democrats|New Democrat]]. He was relatively unknown nationally before the primary season. That quickly changed however, when [[Gennifer Flowers]] alleged an extramarital affair. Clinton denied the story, appearing on ''[[60 Minutes]]'' with his wife, [[Hillary Clinton]]; in 1998, he admitted the affair.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E4D91739F937A25750C0A96E958260|title=TESTING OF A PRESIDENT: THE ACCUSER; JONES LAWYERS ISSUE FILES ALLEGING CLINTON PATTERN OF HARASSMENT OF WOMEN|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 March 1998| quote=the President, though finally confirming a sexual encounter with Ms. Flowers| access-date=20 March 2008|first=F|last=Clines}}</ref> The primary began with Harkin winning his native Iowa as expected. Tsongas won the [[1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire primary]] on February 18, but Clinton's second-place finish, helped by his speech labeling himself "The Comeback Kid," energized his campaign. Brown won the Maine caucus and Kerrey won [[South Dakota]]. Clinton won his first primary in Georgia. Tsongas won the Utah and Maryland primaries and a caucus in [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. Harkin won caucuses in Idaho and Minnesota while Jerry Brown won Colorado. Kerrey dropped out two days later. Clinton won the South Carolina and Wyoming primaries and Tsongas won Arizona. Harkin dropped out. Brown won the Nevada caucus. Clinton swept nearly all of the [[Super Tuesday]] primaries on March 10 making him the solid front runner. Clinton won the Michigan and Illinois primaries. Tsongas dropped out after finishing 3rd in Michigan. Brown, however, began to pick up steam, aided by using a phone number to receive funding from small donors. Brown scored surprising wins in Connecticut, Vermont and Alaska. As the race moved to the primaries in New York and Wisconsin, Brown had taken the lead in polls in both states. Then he made a serious gaffe by announcing to an audience of New York City's [[Jewish-American|Jewish]] community that he would consider Reverend [[Jesse Jackson]] as a vice presidential candidate; Jackson had offended many Jewish people with remarks he had made during his own presidential campaigns.<ref name="aims">{{cite news|first1=Joyce|last1=Purnick|first2=Michael|last2=Oreskes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/29/magazine/jesse-jackson-aims-for-the-mainstream.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Jesse Jackson Aims for the Mainstream|date=November 29, 1987 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref> Clinton won dramatically in New York (41%–26%) and closely in Wisconsin (37%–34%). Clinton then proceeded to win a long streak of primaries leading up to Brown's home state of California. Clinton won this state 48% to 41% and secured the delegates needed to lock the nomination. The convention met in New York City, and the official tally was: * [[Bill Clinton]] 3,372 * [[Jerry Brown]] 596 * [[Paul Tsongas]] 289 * [[Robert P. Casey]] 10 * [[Pat Schroeder]] 5 * [[Larry Agran]] 3 * [[Al Gore]] 1 Clinton chose U.S. Senator [[Al Gore]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[Tennessee]]) to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. Choosing fellow Southerner Gore went against the popular strategy of balancing a Southern candidate with a Northern partner. Gore served to balance the ticket in other ways, as he was perceived as strong on family values and environmental issues, while Clinton was not.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ifill|first=Gwen|date=July 10, 1992|title=Clinton Selects Senator Gore Of Tennessee As Running Mate|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-democrats-clinton-selects-senator-gore-tennessee-running-mate.html}}</ref> Also, Gore's similarities to Clinton allowed him to push some of his key campaign themes, such as centrism and generational change.<ref>{{Citation|title=Al Gore|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm|publisher=[[United States Senate]]}}</ref> === Republican Party nomination === {{Main|1992 Republican Party presidential primaries}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Republicanlogo.svg|65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States)]]<big>'''1992 Republican Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[George H. W. Bush|{{color|white|George H. W. Bush}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[Dan Quayle|{{color|white|Dan Quayle}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Dan Quayle crop.jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | [[List of presidents of the United States|41st]]<br>[[President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1989–1993)</small> | [[List of vice presidents of the United States|44th]]<br>[[Vice President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1989–1993)</small> |- | colspan=2 |'''[[George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign|Campaign]]''' |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Bush Quayle '92 logo.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} <center>'''Republican candidates:'''</center> <gallery perrow="5" mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Pat Buchanan 1985.jpg|{{center|[[White House Communications Director]]<br />'''[[Pat Buchanan]]'''<br />from [[Virginia]]}} File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|{{center|President<br />'''[[George H. W. Bush]]'''<br />from [[Texas]]}} File:Rsz davidduke (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Louisiana House of Representatives|State Representative]]<br />'''[[David Duke]]'''<br />from [[Louisiana]]}} File:Harold Stassen 1980.jpg|{{center| [[Governor of Minnesota|Governor]]<br />'''[[Harold Stassen]]'''<br />of [[Minnesota]]}} </gallery> Paleoconservative journalist [[Pat Buchanan]] was the primary opponent of President Bush; [[Ron Paul]], the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]]'s presidential nominee in 1988, had planned to run against the President, but dropped out shortly after Buchanan's entry in December. Buchanan's best showing was in the New Hampshire primary on February 18, 1992—where Bush won by a 53–38% margin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHAPTER 13: Toward the 21st Century |url=http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm |archive-date=November 3, 2004 |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=usinfo.state.gov}}</ref> President Bush won 73% of all primary votes, with 9,199,463 votes. Buchanan won 2,899,488 votes; unpledged delegates won 287,383 votes, and [[David Duke]], [[Grand Wizard]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], won 119,115 votes. Just over 100,000 votes were cast for all other candidates, half of which were write-in votes for H. Ross Perot.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |publisher=[[CQ Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-60426-536-1 |editor-last=Kalb |editor-first=Deborah |location=Washington, DC |pages=451}}</ref> Former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen, who had run for President 9 times since 1944, also mounted his final campaign. President [[George H. W. Bush]] and Vice President [[Dan Quayle]] easily won renomination by the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. However, the success of the opposition forced the moderate Bush to move further to the right than in [[1988 United States presidential election|the previous election]], and to incorporate many socially conservative planks in the party platform. Bush allowed Buchanan to give a prime time address at the [[1992 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]] in [[Houston]], Texas, and his [[culture war]] speech alienated many moderates. With intense pressure on the Buchanan delegates to relent, the tally for president went as follows: * [[George H. W. Bush]] 2166 * [[Pat Buchanan]] 18 * former ambassador [[Alan Keyes]] 1 Vice President [[Dan Quayle]] was renominated by voice vote. === Ross Perot === {{Main|Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="2"|<big>'''Independent Ticket, 1992'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"| [[Ross Perot|{{color|white|Ross Perot}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"| [[James Stockdale|{{color|white|James Stockdale}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#90EE90;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:Ross Perot in his office Allan Warren (cropped) (cropped).jpg|200x200px]] | [[File:US Navy 050706-N-0000X-004 Vice Admiral_James_Bond_Stockdale.jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | President and CEO of <br>Perot Systems<br /><small>(1988–2009)</small> | [[President of the Naval War College]]<br><small>(1977–1979)</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Ross Perot 1992 campaign logo.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} [[File:BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg|thumb|right|Ross Perot was on the ballot in every state; in six states ''(Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Louisiana, Oregon, Pennsylvania)'' Perot was placed on the ballot through the formation of a political party supporting his candidacy. His electoral performance in each of those states led to those parties being given ballot-qualified status.]] [[File:Ross Perot 7 Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Businessman [[Ross Perot]] from Texas]] The public's concern about the federal budget deficit and fears of professional politicians allowed the independent candidacy of billionaire Texan [[Ross Perot]] to explode on the scene in dramatic fashion—at one point Perot was leading the major party candidates in the polls.<ref name=PerotJuly>{{Citation|date=June 11, 1992|title=The 1992 Campaign: On the Trail; Poll Gives Perot a Clear Lead|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/11/us/the-1992-campaign-on-the-trail-poll-gives-perot-a-clear-lead.html}}</ref> Perot crusaded against the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA), and internal and external national debt, tapping into voters' potential fear of the deficit. His volunteers succeeded in collecting enough signatures to get his name on the ballot in all 50 states. In June, Perot led the national public opinion polls with support from 39% of the voters (versus 31% for Bush and 25% for Clinton).<ref name=PerotJuly /> Perot severely damaged his credibility by dropping out of the presidential contest in July and remaining out of the race for several weeks before re-entering. He compounded this damage by eventually claiming, without evidence, that his withdrawal was due to [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] operatives attempting to disrupt his daughter's wedding.<ref>{{Citation| last=Berke|first=Richard L.|date=October 26, 1992|title=The 1992 Campaign: The Overview; Perot Says He Quit In July To Thwart G.O.P. 'Dirty Tricks'|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/26/us/1992-campaign-overview-perot-says-he-quit-july-thwart-gop-dirty-tricks.html}}</ref> Perot and retired Vice Admiral [[James Stockdale]] drew '''19,743,821''' votes (19% of the popular vote). === Minor parties and independents === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;font-size:big" colspan="30"|'''Minor party candidates, 1992''' |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|Libertarian}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|New Alliance}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|Natural Law}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|Populist}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|U.S. Taxpayers'}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|National Economic<br> Recovery}} |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#F08080;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Andre Marrou]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Lenora Fulani]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[John Hagelin]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Bo Gritz]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Lyndon LaRouche]]''''' |- | [[File:Marrou-1988-Richmond.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Lenora Fulani.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:John S. Hagelin.jpg|center|100x100px]] | | [[File:Howard Phillips retusche.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Lyndon LaRouche.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | Former [[Alaska House of Representatives|Alaska State<br> Representative]]<br><small>(1985–1987)</small> | Psychologist and <br>political activist | Scientist<br>and researcher | Conservative<br>political activist | Conservative<br>political activist | Political activist |- |} ==== Libertarian Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg|thumb|right|Andre Marrou was on the ballot in every state.]] Libertarian candidates: * [[Andre Marrou]], former [[Alaska]] [[Alaska House of Representatives|State Representative]] and 1988 vice presidential nominee * [[Richard B. Boddie]], political science professor from California The [[1991 Libertarian National Convention|6th Libertarian Party National Convention]] was held in Chicago, Illinois. There, the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] nominated [[Andre Marrou]], former [[Alaska]] [[Alaska House of Representatives|State Representative]] and the Party's 1988 vice-presidential candidate, for President. [[Nancy Lord]] was his running mate. Marrou and Lord drew 291,627 votes (0.28% of the popular vote). ==== New Alliance Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg|thumb|right|Lenora Fulani was on the ballot in thirty-nine states ''(352 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which she was an official write-in candidate.]] New Alliance candidate: * [[Lenora Fulani]], Psychotherapist and political activist from [[New Jersey]], and the 1988 Presidential nominee [[Lenora Fulani]], who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the [[New Alliance Party]], received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992. Unlike in 1988, Fulani failed to gain ballot access in every state, deciding to concentrate some of that campaign funding towards exposure of her candidacy and the Party to the national public. Fulani also sought the endorsement of the [[Peace and Freedom Party]] of California, but despite winning a majority in that party's primary, she would lose the nomination to [[Ronald Daniels (politician)|Ronald Daniels]], the former Director the [[Rainbow/PUSH|National Rainbow Coalition]]. Rather than pursuing a ballot space of her own, Fulani would endorse Daniels's candidacy in California. Fulani and her running mate [[Maria Elizabeth Muñoz]] received 73,622 votes (0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Natural Law Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg|thumb|right|John Hagelin was on the ballot in twenty-eight states ''(264 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] The newly formed [[Natural Law Party (United States)|Natural Law Party]] nominated scientist and researcher [[John Hagelin]] for President and Mike Tompkins for Vice President. The Natural Law Party had been founded in 1992 by Hagelin and 12 others who felt that governmental problems could be solved more effectively by following "Natural Laws". The party platform included preventive health care, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. During this and future campaigns, Hagelin favored abortion rights without public financing, campaign finance law reform, improved gun control, a flat tax, the eradication of PACs, a ban on soft money contributions, and school vouchers. The party's first presidential ticket appeared on the ballot in 28 states and drew 37,137 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== U.S. Taxpayers' Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg|thumb|right|Howard Phillips was on the ballot in twenty-one states ''(215 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] U.S. Taxpayers' candidates: * [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]], conservative political activist from [[Virginia]] * [[Pat Buchanan]], conservative columnist from [[Virginia]] (declined interest) * [[Gordon J. Humphrey]], former Senator from [[New Hampshire]] (declined interest) The [[U.S. Taxpayers Party]] ran its first presidential ticket in 1992, having only been formed the prior year. Initially [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]] had hoped to successfully entice a prominent conservative politician, such as the former Senator [[Gordon J. Humphrey]] from New Hampshire, or even [[Pat Buchanan|Patrick Buchanan]] who at the time had only been mulling over running against President Bush (he would officially declare in December 1991). No one, however, announced any intention to seek the Taxpayers Party nomination; Buchanan himself in the end endorsed President Bush at the Republican National Convention in Houston. Phillips had been unofficially nominated earlier in the year so as to allow the Party to be able to seek ballot access properly. While initially a temporary post, it was made permanent at the party's national convention, which was held in [[New Orleans]] on September 4 and 5. At the convention, which was attended by delegates from thirty-two states and Washington, D.C., Phillips received 264 votes on the first ballot, while [[Albion W. Knight Jr.|Albion Knight]] was approved as his running mate by acclamation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Havel |first=James T. |title=U.S. Presidential Elections and the Candidates: A Biographical and Historical Guide |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1996 |isbn=0-02-864623-1 |volume=2: The Elections, 1789-1992 |location=New York |pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=412}} Earlier that year, in the June 2 California primary, Phillips had received 15,456 votes in the [[American Independent Party]] primary. On August 30, the American Independent Party voted to affiliate with the U.S. Taxpayers Party, an affiliation which continued until 2008.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=378}} Phillips and Knight drew 43,369 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Populist Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg|thumb|right|Bo Gritz was on the ballot in eighteen states ''(161 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] Populist candidate: * [[Bo Gritz]], Former [[United States Army]] [[Special Forces (United States Army)|Special Forces]] officer and [[Vietnam veteran]] Former [[United States Army]] [[Special Forces (United States Army)|Special Forces]] officer and [[Vietnam veteran]] [[Bo Gritz]] was the nominee of the [[Populist Party (United States, 1984)|Populist Party]], facing virtually no opposition. Under the campaign slogan "God, Guns and Gritz" and publishing his political manifesto "The Bill of Gritz" (playing on his last name rhyming with "rights"), he called for staunch opposition to what he called "global government" and "The New World Order", ending all foreign aid, abolishing federal income tax, and abolishing the Federal Reserve System. During the campaign, Gritz openly proclaimed the United States to be a "Christian Nation", stating that the country's legal statutes "should reflect unashamed acceptance of Almighty God and His Laws". His run on the America First/Populist Party ticket was prompted by his association with another far-right political Christian talk radio host, Tom Valentine. During his campaign, part of Gritz's standard stump speech was an idea to pay off the National debt by minting a coin at the Treasury and sending it to the Federal Reserve. This predates the 2012 [[trillion dollar coin]] concept. During August 1992, Gritz attracted national attention as mediator during the government standoff with [[Randy Weaver]] at [[Ruby Ridge]], Idaho. He received 106,152 votes nationwide (0.1% of the popular vote). In two states he had a respectable showing for a minor third party candidate: Utah, where he received 3.8% of the vote and Idaho, where he received 2.1% of the vote. In some counties, his support topped 10%, and in Franklin County, Idaho, was only a few votes away from pushing [[Bill Clinton]] into fourth place in the county. ==== Lyndon LaRouche's candidacy ==== [[File:BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg|thumb|right|Lyndon LaRouche was on the ballot in seventeen states ''(156 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] While officially running for the Democratic Presidential nomination, [[Lyndon LaRouche]] also decided to run as an Independent in the general election, standing as the '''National Economic Recovery''' candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|last=LoudounNow|date=2019-02-18|title=Perennial Presidential Candidate LaRouche Dies at 96|url=https://loudounnow.com/2019/02/18/perennial-presidential-candidate-larouche-dies-at-96/|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Loudoun Now|language=en-US}}</ref> LaRouche was in jail at the time, having been convicted of conspiracy to commit mail fraud in December 1988; it was only the second time in history that the presidency was sought from a prison cell (after Socialist Party candidate [[Eugene V. Debs]], while imprisoned for his opposition to U.S. involvement in [[World War I]], ran in 1920). His running-mate was [[James Bevel]], a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the [[Franklin child prostitution ring allegations]]. In addition to the displayed states, LaRouche had nearly made the ballot in the states of New York and Mississippi. In the case of New York, while his petition was valid and had enough signatures, none of his electors filed declarations of candidacy; in the cases of Mississippi a [[sore-loser law]] was in place, and because he ran in that state's Democratic presidential primary he was ineligible to run as an Independent in the general. Ohio also had a sore-loser law, but it was ruled in Brown vs. Taft that it did not apply to presidential candidates. LaRouche and Beval drew 22,863 votes. (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Socialist Workers' Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg|thumb|right|James Warren was on the ballot in thirteen states ''(148 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] Socialist Workers candidate: * [[James Warren (presidential candidate)|James Warren]], journalist and steel worker from [[Illinois]], and the 1988 Presidential nominee [[James Warren (presidential candidate)|James Warren]], who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]], received a second consecutive nomination from the Party on the first of November 1991. Warren had two running mates that varied from state to state; [[Estelle DeBates]] and [[Willie Mae Reid]], the latter also a resident of Illinois. Warren received 22,882 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Ron Daniels candidacy ==== [[File:BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg|thumb|right|Ron Daniels was on the ballot in eight states ''(126 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] * [[Ronald Daniels (politician)|Ronald Daniels]], former director of the [[Rainbow/PUSH|National Rainbow Coalition]] [[Ronald Daniels (politician)|Ronald Daniels]] was the former executive director for the [[Center for Constitutional Rights]], the former director of the [[Rainbow/PUSH|National Rainbow Coalition]], and the worked on both of [[Jesse Jackson]]'s campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination. [[Asiba Tupahache]], a Native American activist from New York was his running-mate. Though running an Independent campaign under the label '''"Campaign for a Better Tomorrow"''', Daniels was endorsed by a number of third parties across the states, most notably the Peace and Freedom Party of California; though he had lost that party's presidential primary to [[Lenora Fulani]], the nominee of the [[New Alliance Party]], the delegates at its convention voted in favor of his candidacy 110–91, the only time it has ever nominated someone other than the winner of the primary. Daniels and Tupachache drew 27,396 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Other nominations ==== The 1992 campaign also marked the entry of [[Ralph Nader]] into presidential politics as a candidate. Despite the advice of several liberal and environmental groups, Nader did not formally run. Rather, he tried to make an impact in the [[New Hampshire primaries]], urging members of both parties to write-in his name.<ref>{{Citation| last=Kolbert|first=Elizabeth|date=February 18, 1992|title=In Nader's Campaign, White House Isn't the Goal|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/18/us/the-1992-campaign-write-in-in-nader-s-campaign-white-house-isn-t-the-goal.html}}</ref> As a result, several thousand Democrats and Republicans wrote-in Nader's name. Despite supporting mostly liberal legislation during his career as a [[consumer advocate]], Nader received more votes from Republicans than Democrats. The [[Socialist Equality Party (United States)|Worker's League]] nominated [[Helen Halyard]] for President; she was the party's nominee for Vice President in 1984 and 1988. [[Fred Mazelis]] was nominated for Vice President. Halyard and Mazelis drew 3,050 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Michigan, New Jersey ''(33 Electoral)'' [[John A. Yiamouyiannis|John Yiamouyiannis]], a major opponent of [[Water fluoridation controversy|water fluoridation]], ran as an Independent under the label '''"Take Back America"'''. Allen C. McCone was his running-mate. Yiamouyiannis and McCone drew 2,199 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Tennessee ''(33 Electoral)'' The [[Socialist Party USA|Socialist Party]] nominated [[J. Quinn Brisben]] for President and [[Barbara Garson]] for Vice President. Brisben and Garson drew 2,909 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' DC, Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin ''(30 Electoral)'' The [[Grassroots Party]] nominated [[Jack Herer]], a noted cannabis activist for President and Derrick Grimmer for Vice President. Herer and Grimmer drew 3,875 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin ''(28 Electoral)'' The [[Prohibition Party]] nominated [[Earl Dodge]], the party's chairman for President and [[George Ormsby (politician)|George Ormsby]] for Vice President. Dodge and Ormsby drew 935 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas, New Mexico, Tennessee ''(22 Electoral)'' Drew Bradford was an Independent candidate for the Presidency; he did not have a running-mate. Bradford drew 4,749 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' New Jersey ''(15 Electoral)'' Eugene R. Hem was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label '''"The Third Party"'''. His running-mate was Joanne Roland. Hem and Roland drew 405 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Wisconsin ''(11 Electoral)'' Delbert Ehlers was an Independent candidate for the Presidency. His running-mate was Rick Wendt. Ehlers and Wendt drew 1,149 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Iowa ''(7 Electoral)'' [[James Boren]] was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label '''"Apathy"'''. His running-mate was Bill Weidman. Boren and Weidman drew 956 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas ''(6 Electoral)'' Professor [[Isabell Masters]] was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label '''"Looking Back"'''. Her running-mate was her son, Walter Ray Masters. Masters drew 327 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas ''(6 Electoral)'' The [[American Party (1969)|American Party]] nominated Robert J. Smith for President and Doris Feimer for Vice President. However, for a time neither the Utah or South Carolina state parties would endorse the ticket. The American Party of South Carolina would ultimately endorse the candidacy of [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]], the nominee of the [[U.S. Taxpayers Party]], while the American Party of Utah would decide to endorse Smith. Smith and Feimer drew 291 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Utah ''(5 Electoral)'' The [[Workers World Party]] nominated [[Gloria La Riva]] for President and Larry Holmes for Vice President. Initially the party had voted not to field a presidential candidate in 1992, but it was later found that the party would need to get at least half a percent of the vote in New Mexico in order to maintain its ballot access in that state. La Riva and Holmes drew 181 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' New Mexico ''(5 Electoral)'' == General election == === Campaign === After [[Bill Clinton]] secured the Democratic Party's nomination in the spring of 1992, polls showed Ross Perot leading the race, followed by President Bush and Clinton in third place after a grueling nomination process. Two-way trial heats between Bush and Clinton in early 1992 showed Bush in the lead.<ref>{{Citation|last=Toner| first=Robin|date=March 3, 1992|title=Voters Are Unhappy With All the Choices|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/03/us/the-1992-campaign-poll-in-poll-voters-are-unhappy-with-all-the-choices.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=April 1, 1992|title=Clinton Dogged By Voter Doubt, Poll of U.S. Says| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/01/us/the-1992-campaign-poll-clinton-dogged-by-voter-doubt-poll-of-us-says.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Toner|first=Robin|date=April 26, 1992|title=Poll Shows Perot Gaining Strength To Rival Clinton's|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/26/us/the-1992-campaign-poll-poll-shows-perot-gaining-strength-to-rival-clinton-s.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=June 23, 1992|title=Bush and Clinton Sag in Survey; Perot's Negative Rating Doubles|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/23/us/1992-campaign-poll-bush-clinton-sag-survey-perot-s-negative-rating-doubles.html}}</ref> As the economy continued to sour and the President's approval rating continued to slide, the Democrats began to rally around their nominee. On July 9, 1992, Clinton chose Tennessee senator and former 1988 presidential candidate Al Gore to be his running mate.<ref>{{Citation|date= July 10, 1992|title=Their Own Words; Excerpts From Clinton's and Gore's Remarks on the Ticket|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-their-own-words-excerpts-clinton-s-gore-s-remarks-ticket.html}}</ref> As Governor Clinton's nomination acceptance speech approached, Ross Perot dropped out of the race, convinced that staying in the race with a "revitalized Democratic Party" would cause the race to be decided by the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref>{{Citation|date=July 17, 1992|title=Captain Perot Jumps Ship|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/17/opinion/captain-perot-jumps-ship.html }}</ref> Clinton gave his acceptance speech on July 16, 1992, promising to bring a "new covenant" to America, and to work to heal the gap that had developed between the rich and the poor during the Reagan/Bush years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25958 |title=William J. Clinton: Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Democratic National Convention in New York |website=Presidency.ucsb.edu |date=1992-07-16 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> The Clinton campaign received the biggest convention "bounce" in history<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Citation|last=Apple| first=R. W. Jr. |date=July 18, 1992|title=Poll Gives Clinton a Post-Perot, Post-Convention Boost|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/18/us/the-1992-campaign-overview-poll-gives-clinton-a-post-perot-post-convention-boost.html}}</ref> which brought him from 25 percent in the spring, behind Bush and Perot, to 55 percent versus Bush's 31 percent. After the convention, Clinton and Gore began a bus tour around the United States, while the Bush/Quayle campaign began to criticize Clinton's character, highlighting accusations of infidelity and draft dodging. The Bush campaign emphasized its foreign policy successes such as [[Desert Storm]], and the end of the Cold War. Bush also contrasted his military service to Clinton's lack thereof, and criticized Clinton's lack of foreign policy expertise. However, as the economy was the main issue, Bush's campaign floundered across the nation, even in strongly Republican areas,<ref>{{Citation|last=Miller|first=Judith|date=August 16, 1992|title=The Republicans: Can They Get It Together?|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/16/magazine/the-republicans-can-they-get-it-together.html}}</ref> and Clinton maintained leads with over 50 percent of the vote nationwide consistently, while Bush typically saw numbers in the upper 30s.<ref>{{Citation|date=August 17, 1992|title=Bush Trails, to Varying Degrees, in 3 Polls|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/17/news/party-in-the-spotlight-bush-trails-to-varying-degrees-in-3-polls.html}}</ref> As Bush's economic edge had evaporated, his campaign looked to energize its socially conservative base at the [[1992 Republican National Convention]] in Houston, Texas. At the convention, Bush's primary campaign opponent Pat Buchanan gave his famous "culture war" speech, criticizing Clinton's and Gore's social progressiveness, and voicing skepticism on his "New Democrat" brand. After President Bush accepted his renomination, his campaign saw a small bounce in the polls, but this was short-lived, as Clinton maintained his lead.<ref name="nyt_26-08-1992">{{Citation|last=Clymer|first=Adam|date=August 26, 1992|title=Bush's Gains From Convention Nearly Evaporate in Latest Poll|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/26/us/the-1992-campaign-bush-s-gains-from-convention-nearly-evaporate-in-latest-poll.html}}</ref> The campaign continued with a lopsided lead for Clinton through September,<ref>{{Citation|date=September 22, 1992|title=Clinton Takes 21-Point Lead Over President in a New Poll| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/22/us/the-1992-campaign-clinton-takes-21-point-lead-over-president-in-a-new-poll.html}}</ref> until Ross Perot decided to re-enter the race.<ref>{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=September 30, 1992|title=Campaign Strategy; 2 Camps Regard A Perot Revival With Less Fear| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/30/us/1992-campaign-campaign-strategy-2-camps-regard-perot-revival-with-less-fear.html}}</ref> Ross Perot's re-entry in the race was welcomed by the Bush campaign, as Fred Steeper, a poll taker for Bush, said, "He'll be important if we accomplish our goal, which is to draw even with Clinton." Initially, Perot's return saw the Texas billionaire's numbers stay low, until he was given the opportunity to participate in a trio of unprecedented three-man debates. The race narrowed, as Perot's numbers significantly improved as Clinton's numbers declined, while Bush's numbers remained more or less the same from earlier in the race<ref name="nyt_25-10-1992">{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=October 25, 1992|title=Contest Tightens As Perot Resurges And Clinton Slips| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/25/us/1992-campaign-overview-contest-tightens-perot-resurges-clinton-slips.html}}</ref> as Perot and Bush began to hammer at Clinton on character issues once again. === Presidential debates === {{Main|1992 United States presidential debates}} The [[Commission on Presidential Debates]] organized four presidential debates<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1992-debates|title=CPD: 1992 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+'''Debates among candidates for the 1992 U.S. presidential election''' !No. !Date !Host !Location !Panelists !Moderator !Participants !Viewership (Millions) |- |P1 |Sunday, October 11, 1992 |[[Washington University in St. Louis]] |[[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]] |[[Sander Vanocur]]<br>[[Ann Compton]]<br>John Mashek |[[Jim Lehrer]] |[[George H. W. Bush|President George H. W. Bush]]<br>[[Bill Clinton|Governor Bill Clinton]]<br>[[Ross Perot|Mr. Ross Perot]] |62.4<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1992-debates|title=CPD: 1992 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> |- |VP |Tuesday, October 13, 1992 |[[Georgia Institute of Technology]] |[[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] |n/a |[[Hal Bruno]] |[[Dan Quayle|Vice President Dan Quayle]]<br>[[Al Gore|Senator Al Gore]]<br>[[James Stockdale|Admiral James Stockdale]] |51.2<ref name=":0" /> |- |P2 |Thursday, October 15, 1992 |[[University of Richmond]] |[[Richmond, Virginia]] |n/a |[[Carole Simpson]] |[[George H. W. Bush|President George H. W. Bush]]<br>[[Bill Clinton|Governor Bill Clinton]]<br>[[Ross Perot|Mr. Ross Perot]] |69.9<ref name=":0" /> |- |P3 |Monday, October 19, 1992 |[[Michigan State University]] |[[East Lansing, Michigan]] |Gene Gibbons<br>[[Helen Thomas]]<br>[[Susan Rook]] |[[Jim Lehrer]] |[[George H. W. Bush|President George H. W. Bush]]<br>[[Bill Clinton|Governor Bill Clinton]]<br>[[Ross Perot|Mr. Ross Perot]] |66.9<ref name=":0" /> |} === Character issues === Many character issues were raised during the campaign, including allegations that Clinton had [[Draft dodging|dodged the draft]] during the [[Vietnam War]], and had used [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]], which Clinton claimed he had pretended to smoke, but "didn't inhale." Bush also accused Clinton of meeting with communists on a trip to Russia he took as a student. Clinton was often accused of being a philanderer by political opponents. Allegations were also made that Bill Clinton had engaged in a long-term extramarital affair with [[Gennifer Flowers]].<ref>Conason, Joe (July/August 1992). "Reason No. 1 Not To Vote For Bill Clinton: He Cheats on His Wife." Spy magazine.</ref> Clinton denied ever having an affair with Flowers.<ref>Kurtz, Howard (August 12, 1992). "Clinton Angrily Denounces Report of Extramarital Affair as 'a Lie.'" The Washington Post.</ref> [[File:1992prescountymap2.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Election results by county{{legend|#1560BD|[[Bill Clinton]]|border=1px #AAAAAA solid}} {{legend|#E32636|[[George H. W. Bush]]|border=1px #AAAAAA solid}} {{legend|#00A550|[[Ross Perot]]|border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}]] [[File:1992 Presidential Election, Results by Congressional District.png|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Results by congressional district.]] ===Results=== On November 3, [[Bill Clinton]] won the election to serve as the 42nd president of the United States by a wide margin in the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]], receiving 43% of the popular vote against Bush's 37.4% and Perot's 18.9%. It was the first time since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]] that a candidate won the White House with under 50% of the popular vote. Only Washington, D.C. and Clinton's home state of [[Arkansas]] gave the majority of their votes to a single candidate in the entire country; the rest were won by pluralities of the vote. Even though Clinton roughly received 3.1 million more votes than Democratic nominee [[Michael Dukakis]] had four years earlier, the Democrats recorded a 2.6 percentage point ''decrease'' in their share of the popular vote compared to 1988 due to the higher turnout. His 43% share of the popular vote was the second-lowest for any winning candidate in the 20th century after [[Woodrow Wilson]] in [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]] (41.8%). President Bush's 37.4% was the lowest percentage total for a sitting president seeking re-election since [[William Howard Taft]], also in 1912 (23.2%).<ref>Kornacki, Steve (January 21, 2011). [http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/01/21/bush_gulf_war_reunion/index.html "Why the 'good' Iraq war wasn't so good"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126054313/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/01/21/bush_gulf_war_reunion/index.html |date=January 26, 2011 }}. ''[[Salon.com|Salon]]''.</ref> 1992 was, as the 1912 election was, a three-way race (that time between Taft, Wilson, and [[Theodore Roosevelt]]). It was also the lowest percentage for a major-party candidate since [[Alf Landon]] received 36.5% of the vote in [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]]. Bush had a lower percentage of the popular vote than even [[Herbert Hoover]], who was defeated in [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]] (39.7%). However, none of these races included a major third candidate. Bush was the last president voted out of office after one term until [[Donald Trump]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], as Clinton, Bush’s son [[George W. Bush]] and [[Barack Obama]] were all re-elected to second terms in office. Independent candidate [[Ross Perot]] received 19,743,821 with 18.9% of the popular vote. The billionaire used his own money to advertise extensively, and is the only third-party candidate ever allowed into the nationally televised [[U.S. presidential election debates|presidential debates]] with both major party candidates (Independent [[John B. Anderson|John Anderson]] debated Republican [[Ronald Reagan]] in [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], but without Democrat [[Jimmy Carter]], who had refused to appear in a three-man debate). Speaking about the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]], Perot described its effect on American jobs as causing a "[[giant sucking sound]]". For a period of time, Perot was leading in the polls,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dionne|first=E.J.|date=June 9, 1992|title=PEROT LEADS IN NEW POLL|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/06/09/perot-leads-field-in-poll/5c0499dd-d5c5-42e4-bc63-e4c32ca083e7/|access-date=February 8, 2021|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> but he lost much of his support when he temporarily withdrew from the election, only to declare himself a candidate again soon after. This was also the most recent time that a third-party candidate won at least one county. Perot's almost 19% of the popular vote made him the most successful third-party presidential candidate in terms of popular vote since [[Theodore Roosevelt]] in the 1912 election. Also, his 19% of the popular vote was the highest ever for a candidate who did not win any [[United States electoral college|electoral votes]]. Although he did not win any states, Perot managed to finish ahead of one of the two major party candidates in two states: In [[Maine]], he received 30.44% of the vote to Bush's 30.39% (Clinton won Maine with 38.77%); in [[Utah]], he collected 27.34% of the vote to Clinton's 24.65%. Bush won that state with 43.36%. He also came in 2nd in Maine's 2nd Congressional District where he had his best overall showing. He won 33.2% of the vote there and missed out on the district's 1 elector by only 4.5% of the vote. The election was the most recent in which [[Montana]] voted for the Democratic candidate, the last time [[Florida]] backed the losing candidate and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] voted for the Democratic candidate until [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], and the last time that Colorado voted Democratic until 2008. This was also the first time since [[Texas]]' admission to the Union in 1845 that a Democrat won the White House without winning the state, and the second time a Democrat won the White House without North Carolina (the first was 1844), and the second time since Florida's admission (also in 1845) that a Democrat won without winning the state ([[John F. Kennedy]] in [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]] was the first). Clinton was also the only Democrat at that point to win every electoral vote in the Northeast except for [[Lyndon Johnson]] in [[U.S. presidential election, 1964|1964]]. John Kerry and Barack Obama have been the only Democrats to repeat this since. Also, this was the first time since 1964 that the following nine states had voted Democratic: California, [[Colorado]], [[Illinois]], [[Montana]], [[Nevada]], [[New Hampshire]], [[New Jersey]], [[New Mexico]], and [[Vermont]]. The 168 electoral votes received by Bush, added to the 426 electoral votes he received in [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]], gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president only once (594), and the ninth largest number of electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president behind [[Grover Cleveland]]'s 664, [[Barack Obama]]'s 697, [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s 712, [[Bill Clinton]]'s 749, [[Richard Nixon]]'s 821, [[Dwight Eisenhower]]'s 899, [[Ronald Reagan]]'s 1,014 and [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s 1,876 total electoral votes. === Analysis === Several factors made the results possible. First, the campaign came on the heels of an economic slowdown. Exit polling showed that 75% thought the economy was in fairly or very bad shape while 63% thought their personal finances were better or the same as four years ago.<ref>{{Citation|title=Topics at a Glance—iPOLL summary results|url=http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu/cgi-bin/hsrun.exe/roperweb/pom/pom.htx;start=ipollsearch?TopID=444|access-date=August 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918123018/http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu/cgi-bin/hsrun.exe/roperweb/pom/pom.htx;start=ipollsearch?TopID=444|archive-date=September 18, 2008|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The decision by Bush to accept a tax increase adversely affected his re-election bid. Pressured by rising [[Deficit spending|budget deficit]]s, Bush agreed to a budget compromise with Congress which raised taxes and reduced the federal budget deficit. Clinton was able to condemn the tax increase effectively on both its own merits and as a reflection of Bush's dishonesty. Effective Democratic TV ads were aired showing a clip of Bush's 1988 acceptance speech in which he promised "[[Read my lips: no new taxes|Read my lips … No new taxes.]]" Most importantly, Bush's coalition was in disarray, for both the aforementioned reasons and for unrelated reasons. The end of the [[Cold War]] allowed old rivalries among conservatives to re-emerge and meant that other voters focused more on [[domestic policy]], to the detriment of Bush, a social and fiscal moderate. The consequence of such a perception depressed conservative turnout.<ref name="nyt_11-11-1992">{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=November 11, 1992|title=The Republicans; Looking to the Future, Party Sifts Through Past|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/11/us/the-transition-the-republicans-looking-to-the-future-party-sifts-through-past.html}}</ref> Unlike Bush, Clinton was able to unite his fractious and ideologically diverse party behind his candidacy, even when its different wings were in conflict. To garner the support of moderates and conservative Democrats, he attacked [[Sister Souljah]], an obscure [[Hip hop music|rap music]]ian whose lyrics Clinton condemned. Furthermore, Clinton made clear his support of the death penalty and would later champion making [[school uniform]]s in public schools a requirement.<ref name="nyt_01-27-1996">{{cite news|first=Alison|last=Mitchell|date=January 27, 1996|work=The New York Times|title=CLINTON'S ADVISERS; Sharp Split Over Issues: Economics Or Values?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/27/us/politics-clinton-s-advisers-sharp-split-over-issues-economics-or-values.html}}</ref> Clinton could also point to his centrist record as governor of Arkansas. More liberal Democrats were impressed by Clinton's record on abortion and affirmative action. His strong connections to African Americans also played a key role. In addition, he organized significant numbers of young voters and became a symbol of the rise of the [[Baby boomers|Baby Boomer]] generation to political power.<ref name="time_11-16-1992">{{cite magazine|first=Walter|last=Shapiro|date=November 16, 1992|title=Baby-boomer Bill Clinton: A Generation Takes Power|magazine=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976996,00.html}}</ref> Supporters remained energized and confident, even in times of scandal or missteps. The effect of [[Ross Perot]]'s candidacy has been a contentious point of debate for many years. In the ensuing months after the election, various Republicans asserted that Perot had acted as a [[spoiler effect|spoiler]], enough to the detriment of Bush to lose him the election. While many disaffected conservatives may have voted for Ross Perot to protest Bush's tax increase, further examination of the Perot vote in the Election Night exit polls not only showed that Perot siphoned votes nearly equally among Bush and Clinton,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/05/us/1992-elections-disappointment-analysis-eccentric-but-no-joke-perot-s-strong.html|title=THE 1992 ELECTIONS: DISAPPOINTMENT -- NEWS ANALYSIS An Eccentric but No Joke; Perot's Strong Showing Raises Questions On What Might Have Been, and Might Be|date=November 5, 1992|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times Exit Poll 1992, Nov, 1992 [survey question]. USLAT.92EXIT.QN. Los Angeles Times [producer]. Storrs, CT:Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, iPOLL [distributor], accessed Jul-20-2015.</ref><ref>ABC News, CBS News, CNN, NBC News. VRS Election Day Exit Poll 1992, Nov, 1992 [survey question]. USVRS.92EXIT.Q08. Voter Research & Surveys [producer]. Storrs, CT:Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, iPOLL [distributor], accessed Jul-20-2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.fairvote.org/plurality/perot.htm |title=Plurality Wins in the 1992 Presidential Race: Perot's Contribution to Clinton's Victory |website=Archive.fairvote.org |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> but roughly two-thirds of those voters who cited Bush's broken "No New Taxes" pledge as "very important" (25%) voted for Bill Clinton.<ref>{{Citation|last=Schmalz|first=Jeffrey|date=November 4, 1992|title=Clinton Carves a Path Deep Into Reagan Country|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/04/nyregion/1992-election-nation-s-voters-clinton-carves-wide-path-deep-into-reagan-country.html}}</ref> The voting numbers reveal that to win the electoral vote Bush would have had to win 10 of the 11 states Clinton won by less than five percentage points. For Bush to earn a majority of the popular vote, he would have needed 12.2% of Perot's 18.9% of the vote, 65% of Perot's support base.<ref>{{Citation|title=1992 Presidential Election – What if Scenario|url= http://uselectionatlas.org/USPRESIDENT/GENERAL/pe1992whatif.html}}</ref> State exit polls suggested that Perot did not alter the electoral college count, except potentially in one state (Ohio), which nonetheless showed a result in the margin of error.<ref>{{cite news|author=E.J. Dionne Jr. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/11/08/perot-seen-not-affecting-vote-outcome/27500538-cee8-4f4f-8e7f-f3ee9f2325d1/ |title=Perot Seen Not Affecting Vote Outcome |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=1992-11-08 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> Furthermore, Perot was most popular in states that strongly favored either Clinton or Bush, limiting his real electoral impact for either candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1072&context=ngresearchconf |format=PDF |title=H. Ross Perot and George C. Wallace: Defining the Archetype of Third-party "Success" in Presidential Elections |author=AARON W. BROWN |date=February 23, 2013 |website=Digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> Perot gained relatively little support in the Southern states and happened to have the best showing in states with few electoral votes. Perot appealed to disaffected voters all across the political spectrum who had grown weary of the two-party system. NAFTA played a role in Perot's support, and Perot voters were relatively moderate on hot-button social issues.<ref>{{Citation|title=Public Opinion Watch|url=http://www.tcf.org/list.asp?type=NC&pubid=1120#perot|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823094350/http://www.tcf.org/list.asp?type=NC&pubid=1120#perot|archive-date=August 23, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Mishel|first1=Lawrence|last2=Teixeira|first2=Ruy A.|date=December 30, 1998|title=The Political Arithmetic of the NAFTA Vote|url=http://www.epi.org/briefingpapers/1993_bp_political.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081128173902/http://www.epi.org/briefingpapers/1993_bp_political.pdf|archive-date=November 28, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A 1999 study in the ''American Journal of Political Science'' estimated that Perot's candidacy hurt the Clinton campaign, reducing "Clinton's margin of victory over Bush by seven percentage point."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lacy|first1=Dean|last2=Burden|first2=Barry C.|date=1999|title=The Vote-Stealing and Turnout Effects of Ross Perot in the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election|journal=American Journal of Political Science|volume=43|issue=1|pages=233|doi=10.2307/2991792|issn=0092-5853|jstor=2991792}}</ref> In 2016, ''[[FiveThirtyEight]]'' stated that it was "unlikely" that Perot was a spoiler.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/long-before-trump-there-was-ross-perot/|title=Long Before Trump, There Was Ross Perot|first=Galen|last=Druke|publisher=FiveThirtyEight|date=October 24, 2016|accessdate=May 9, 2021}}</ref> Clinton, Bush, and Perot did not focus on abortion during the campaign. Exit polls, however, showed that attitudes toward abortion "significantly influenced" the vote, as [[Support for the legalization of abortion|pro-choice]] Republicans defected from Bush.<ref>{{citation|last=Critchlow|first=Donald T.|title=Intended Consequences: Birth Control, Abortion, and the Federal Government in Modern America|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-504657-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/intendedconseque00crit_0/page/221 221]|url=https://archive.org/details/intendedconseque00crit_0/page/221}}</ref><ref>Abramowitz (1995)</ref> === Implications === According to [[Seymour Martin Lipset]], this election had several unique characteristics. Voters felt that economic conditions were worse than they actually were, which harmed Bush. A rare event was a strong third-party candidate. Liberals launched a backlash against 12 years of a conservative White House. The chief factor was Clinton's uniting his party, and winning over a number of heterogeneous groups.<ref>Seymour Martin Lipset, "The significance of the 1992 election." ''PS: Political Science and Politics'' 26.1 (1993): 7-16 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/419496 online]</ref> Clinton's election ended an era in which the Republican Party had controlled the [[White House]] for 12 consecutive years, and for 20 of the previous 24 years. The election also brought the Democrats full control of the legislative and executive branches of the federal government, including both houses of [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] and the presidency, for the first time since the administration of the last Democratic president, [[Jimmy Carter]]. This would not last for very long, however, as the Republicans won control of both the House and Senate in 1994. Reelected in 1996, Clinton would become the first Democratic President since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to serve two full terms in the White House. 1992 was arguably a [[political realignment]] election. It made the Democratic Party dominant in presidential elections in the Northeast, the [[Great Lakes]] region (until [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]) and the West Coast, where many states had previously either been swing states or Republican-leaning. Clinton picked up several states that went Republican in 1988, and which have remained in the Democratic column ever since: California, [[Connecticut]], [[Delaware]], [[Illinois]], most of [[Maine]] (besides the state's second congressional district, which broke the state's total straight Democratic voting record since, when it voted for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in 2016), [[Maryland]], [[New Jersey]], and [[Vermont]]. Vermont, carried by Clinton, had been heavily Republican for generations prior to the election, voting for a Democrat only once (in 1964).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.270towin.com/states/Vermont |title=Vermont Presidential Election Voting History |website=270towin.com |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> The state has been won by the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since. Bill Clinton narrowly defeated Bush in New Jersey (by two points), which had voted for the Republican nominee all but twice since [[1948 United States presidential election|1948]]. Clinton would later win the state in 1996 by eighteen points; like Vermont, Republicans have not won the state since.<ref name="AD100313">{{cite news | title = Surprise Swing States | work = [[CBS News]] | date = February 11, 2009 | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-250_162-652197.html | access-date = October 3, 2013 }}</ref> California, which had been a Republican stronghold since 1952, was now trending Democratic. Clinton, a native Southerner, was able to carry several states in the South that the GOP had won for much of the past two decades, but ultimately won only four of eleven former [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] states. This reflected the final shift of the South to the Republican Party. In subsequent presidential elections from 1996 to 2020, 28 out of the 50 states were carried by the same party as in 1992 (15 for the Democrats and 13 for the Republicans). == Detailed results == {{start U.S. presidential ticket box| pv_footnote=| ev_footnote=}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Bill Clinton|William Jefferson Clinton]]| party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| state=[[Arkansas]]| pv=44,909,889| pv_pct=43.01%| ev=370| vp_name=[[Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.]]| vp_state=[[Tennessee]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[George H. W. Bush|George Herbert Walker Bush]] (Incumbent) |party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| state=[[Texas]]| pv=39,104,550| pv_pct=37.45%| ev=168| vp_name=[[James Danforth Quayle]]| vp_state=[[Indiana]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Henry Ross Perot]]| party=[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]| state=[[Texas]]| pv=19,743,821| pv_pct=18.91%| ev=0| vp_name=[[James Bond Stockdale]]| vp_state=California}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Andre Verne Marrou]]| party=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]| state=[[Alaska]]| pv=290,087| pv_pct=0.28%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Nancy Lord]]| vp_state=[[Nevada]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Bo Gritz]]| party=[[Populist Party (United States, 1984)|Populist]]| state=[[Nevada]]| pv=106,152| pv_pct=0.10%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Cyril Minett]]| vp_state=[[New Mexico]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name = [[Lenora Fulani]]| party=[[New Alliance Party]]| state=New York| pv=73,622| pv_pct=0.07%| ev=0|vp_name=[[Maria Elizabeth Muñoz]]|vp_state=California}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name= [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]]| party=[[Constitution Party (United States)|U.S. Taxpayers Party]]| state=[[Virginia]]| pv=43,369| pv_pct=0.04%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Albion Knight, Jr.]]| vp_state=Florida}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box other| footnote=| pv=152,516| pv_pct=0.13%}} {{end U.S. presidential ticket box| pv=104,423,923| ev=538| to_win=270}} '''Source (Popular Vote):''' {{Leip PV source 2| year=1992| as of=August 7, 2005}} '''Source (Electoral Vote):''' {{National Archives EV source| year=1992| as of=August 7, 2005}} {{bar box | title = Popular vote | titlebar = #ddd | width = 600px | barwidth = 410px | bars = {{bar percent|'''Clinton'''|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|43.01}} {{bar percent|Bush|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|37.45}} {{bar percent|Perot|{{party color|Independent (US)}}|18.91}} {{bar percent|Marrou|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|0.28}} {{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.35}} }} {{bar box | title = Electoral vote | titlebar = #ddd | width = 600px | barwidth = 410px | bars = {{bar percent|'''Clinton'''|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|68.77}} {{bar percent|Bush|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|31.23}} }} [[File:ElectoralCollege1992-Large.png|upright=2.95|thumb|left]] <gallery perrow="3" widths="500px" heights="334px"> File:1992 United States presidential election results map by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote </gallery> === Results by state === <ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1992&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|title=1992 Presidential General Election Data – National|website=Uselectionatlas.org|access-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |+ Legend |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} |colspan=2| States/districts won by [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]/[[Al Gore|Gore]] |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |colspan=2| States/districts won by [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]]/[[Dan Quayle|Quayle]] |- | † || At-large results (For states that split electoral votes) |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;" |- ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=6 | Candidates with electoral votes (<small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>) ! colspan=6 | Candidates with no electoral votes ! colspan=4 | Overall popular vote |- ! colspan=2 | ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| Bill Clinton<br />Democratic ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| George H.W. Bush<br />Republican ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Ross Perot<br />Independent ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Andre Marrou<br />Libertarian ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Others ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Top-2 margin<br /><small>(+/− if won by {{abbr|D|Democrat}}/{{abbr|R|Republican}})</small> ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| State Total |- ! align=center | State ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % <!--! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>--> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % <!--! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>--> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % <!--! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>--> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Alabama|Alabama]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 690,080 | 40.88 | – | 804,283 | 47.65 | 9 | 183,109 | 10.85 <!--| –--> | 5,737 | 0.34 <!--| –--> | 4,851 | 0.29 <!--| –--> | −114,203 | −6.77 | 1,688,060 | style="text-align:center;" | AL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Alaska|Alaska]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 78,294 | 30.29 | – | 102,000 | 39.46 | 3 | 73,481 | 28.43 <!--| –--> | 1,378 | 0.53 <!--| –--> | 3,353 | 1.29 <!--| –--> | −23,706 | −9.17 | 258,506 | style="text-align:center;" | AK |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 543,050 | 36.52 | – | 572,086 | 38.47 | 8 | 353,741 | 23.79 <!--| –--> | 6,781 | 0.46 <!--| –--> | 11,348 | 0.76 <!--| –--> | −29,036 | −1.95 | 1,487,006 | style="text-align:center;" | AZ |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Arkansas|Arkansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 505,823 | 53.21 | 6 | 337,324 | 35.48 | – | 99,132 | 10.43 <!--| –--> | 1,261 | 0.13 <!--| –--> | 7,113 | 0.75 <!--| –--> | 168,499 | 17.73 | 950,653 | style="text-align:center;" | AR |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in California|California]] | style="text-align:center;" | 54 | 5,121,325 | 46.01 | 54 | 3,630,574 | 32.61 | – | 2,296,006 | 20.63 <!--| –--> | 48,139 | 0.43 <!--| –--> | 35,677 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 1,490,751 | 13.40 | 11,131,721 | style="text-align:center;" | CA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Colorado|Colorado]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 629,681 | 40.13 | 8 | 562,850 | 35.87 | – | 366,010 | 23.32 <!--| –--> | 8,669 | 0.55 <!--| –--> | 1,970 | 0.13 <!--| –--> | 66,831 | 4.26 | 1,569,180 | style="text-align:center;" | CO |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Connecticut|Connecticut]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 682,318 | 42.21 | 8 | 578,313 | 35.78 | – | 348,771 | 21.58 <!--| –--> | 5,391 | 0.33 <!--| –--> | 1,539 | 0.10 <!--| –--> | 104,005 | 6.43 | 1,616,332 | style="text-align:center;" | CT |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Delaware|Delaware]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 126,054 | 43.52 | 3 | 102,313 | 35.78 | – | 59,213 | 20.45 <!--| –--> | 935 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 1,105 | 0.38 <!--| –--> | 23,741 | 7.74 | 289,620 | style="text-align:center;" | DE |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia|D.C.]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 192,619 | 84.64 | 3 | 20,698 | 9.10 | – | 9,681 | 4.25 <!--| –--> | 467 | 0.21 <!--| –--> | 4,107 | 1.80 <!--| –--> | 171,921 | 75.54 | 227,572 | style="text-align:center;" | DC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Florida|Florida]] | style="text-align:center;" | 25 | 2,072,698 | 39.00 | – | 2,173,310 | 40.89 | 25 | 1,053,067 | 19.82 <!--| –--> | 15,079 | 0.28 <!--| –--> | 238 | 0.00 <!--| –--> | −100,612 | −1.89 | 5,314,392 | style="text-align:center;" | FL |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Georgia|Georgia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 1,008,966 | 43.47 | 13 | 995,252 | 42.88 | – | 309,657 | 13.34 <!--| –--> | 7,110 | 0.31 <!--| –--> | 148 | 0.01 <!--| –--> | 13,714 | 0.59 | 2,321,133 | style="text-align:center;" | GA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Hawaii|Hawaii]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 179,310 | 48.09 | 4 | 136,822 | 36.70 | – | 53,003 | 14.22 <!--| –--> | 1,119 | 0.30 <!--| –--> | 2,588 | 0.69 <!--| –--> | 42,488 | 11.39 | 372,842 | style="text-align:center;" | HI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Idaho|Idaho]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 137,013 | 28.42 | – | 202,645 | 42.03 | 4 | 130,395 | 27.05 <!--| –--> | 1,167 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 10,894 | 2.26 <!--| –--> | −65,632 | −13.61 | 482,114 | style="text-align:center;" | ID |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Illinois|Illinois]] | style="text-align:center;" | 22 | 2,453,350 | 48.58 | 22 | 1,734,096 | 34.34 | – | 840,515 | 16.64 <!--| –--> | 9,218 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | 12,978 | 0.26 <!--| –--> | 719,254 | 14.24 | 5,050,157 | style="text-align:center;" | IL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Indiana|Indiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 848,420 | 36.79 | – | 989,375 | 42.91 | 12 | 455,934 | 19.77 <!--| –--> | 7,936 | 0.34 <!--| –--> | 4,206 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | −140,955 | −6.12 | 2,305,871 | style="text-align:center;" | IN |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Iowa|Iowa]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 586,353 | 43.29 | 7 | 504,891 | 37.27 | – | 253,468 | 18.71 <!--| –--> | 1,076 | 0.08 <!--| –--> | 8,819 | 0.65 <!--| –--> | 81,462 | 6.02 | 1,354,607 | style="text-align:center;" | IA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Kansas|Kansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 390,434 | 33.74 | – | 449,951 | 38.88 | 6 | 312,358 | 26.99 <!--| –--> | 4,314 | 0.37 <!--| –--> | 199 | 0.02 <!--| –--> | −59,517 | −5.14 | 1,157,256 | style="text-align:center;" | KS |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky|Kentucky]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 665,104 | 44.55 | 8 | 617,178 | 41.34 | – | 203,944 | 13.66 <!--| –--> | 4,513 | 0.30 <!--| –--> | 2,161 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | 47,926 | 3.21 | 1,492,900 | style="text-align:center;" | KY |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 815,971 | 45.58 | 9 | 733,386 | 40.97 | – | 211,478 | 11.81 <!--| –--> | 3,155 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | 26,027 | 1.45 <!--| –--> | 82,585 | 4.61 | 1,790,017 | style="text-align:center;" | LA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Maine|Maine †]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 263,420 | 38.77 | 2 | 206,504 | 30.39 | – | 206,820 | 30.44 <!--| –--> | 1,681 | 0.25 <!--| –--> | 1,074 | 0.16 <!--| –--> | 56,600 | 8.33 | 679,499 | style="text-align:center;" | ME |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Maine's 1st congressional district|''Maine-1'']] |style="text-align:center;"|''1'' |''145,191''||''39.9''||''1''||''115,697''||''31.8''||–||''102,828''||''28.3''||–||–||–||–||''29,494''||''8.11''||''363,716''||''ME1'' |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Maine's 2nd congressional district|''Maine-2'']] |style="text-align:center;"|''1'' |''118,229''||''37.8''||''1''||''90,807''||''29.0''||–||''103,992''||''33.2''||–||–||–||–||''14,237''||''4.55''||''313,028''||''ME2'' |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Maryland|Maryland]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 988,571 | 49.80 | 10 | 707,094 | 35.62 | – | 281,414 | 14.18 <!--| –--> | 4,715 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 3,252 | 0.16 <!--| –--> | 281,477 | 14.18 | 1,985,046 | style="text-align:center;" | MD |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 1,318,662 | 47.54 | 12 | 805,049 | 29.03 | – | 632,312 | 22.80 <!--| –--> | 7,458 | 0.27 <!--| –--> | 10,093 | 0.36 <!--| –--> | 513,613 | 18.51 | 2,773,574 | style="text-align:center;" | MA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]] | style="text-align:center;" | 18 | 1,871,182 | 43.77 | 18 | 1,554,940 | 36.38 | – | 824,813 | 19.30 <!--| –--> | 10,175 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 13,563 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 316,242 | 7.39 | 4,274,673 | style="text-align:center;" | MI |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota|Minnesota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 1,020,997 | 43.48 | 10 | 747,841 | 31.85 | – | 562,506 | 23.96 <!--| –--> | 3,374 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | 13,230 | 0.56 <!--| –--> | 273,156 | 11.63 | 2,347,948 | style="text-align:center;" | MN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 400,258 | 40.77 | – | 487,793 | 49.68 | 7 | 85,626 | 8.72 <!--| –--> | 2,154 | 0.22 <!--| –--> | 5,962 | 0.61 <!--| –--> | −87,535 | −8.91 | 981,793 | style="text-align:center;" | MS |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Missouri|Missouri]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 1,053,873 | 44.07 | 11 | 811,159 | 33.92 | – | 518,741 | 21.69 <!--| –--> | 7,497 | 0.31 <!--| –--> | – | – <!--| –--> | 242,714 | 10.15 | 2,391,270 | style="text-align:center;" | MO |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Montana|Montana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 154,507 | 37.63 | 3 | 144,207 | 35.12 | – | 107,225 | 26.12 <!--| –--> | 986 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 3,658 | 0.89 <!--| –--> | 10,300 | 2.51 | 410,583 | style="text-align:center;" | MT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska|Nebraska †]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 217,344 | 29.40 | – | 344,346 | 46.58 | 2 | 174,687 | 23.63 <!--| –--> | 1,344 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | 1,562 | 0.21 <!--| –--> | −127,002 | −17.18 | 739,283 | style="text-align:center;" | NE |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Nebraska's 1st congressional district|''Nebraska-1'']] |style="text-align:center;" |1 |''80,696''||''32.6''||–||''107,081''||''43.2''||1||''59,974''||''24.2''||–||–||–||–||''-28,847''||''-10.6''||''247,751''||''NE1'' |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|''Nebraska-2'']] |style="text-align:center;" |1 |''78,701''||''32.4''||–||''115,255''||''47.5''||1||''48,657''||''20.1''||–||–||–||–||''-32,226''||''-15.1''||''242,613''||''NE2'' |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Nebraska's 3rd congressional district|''Nebraska-3'']] |style="text-align:center;" |1 |''57,467''||''23.5''||–||''121,342''||''49.7''||1||''65,473''||''26.8''||–||–||–||–||''-55,869''||''-26.1''||''244,282''||''NE3'' |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Nevada|Nevada]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 189,148 | 37.36 | 4 | 175,828 | 34.73 | – | 132,580 | 26.19 <!--| –--> | 1,835 | 0.36 <!--| –--> | 6,927 | 1.37 <!--| –--> | 13,320 | 2.63 | 506,318 | style="text-align:center;" | NV |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 209,040 | 38.91 | 4 | 202,484 | 37.69 | – | 121,337 | 22.59 <!--| –--> | 3,548 | 0.66 <!--| –--> | 806 | 0.15 <!--| –--> | 6,556 | 1.22 | 537,215 | style="text-align:center;" | NH |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey|New Jersey]] | style="text-align:center;" | 15 | 1,436,206 | 42.95 | 15 | 1,356,865 | 40.58 | – | 521,829 | 15.61 <!--| –--> | 6,822 | 0.20 <!--| –--> | 21,872 | 0.65 <!--| –--> | 79,341 | 2.37 | 3,343,594 | style="text-align:center;" | NJ |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico|New Mexico]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 261,617 | 45.90 | 5 | 212,824 | 37.34 | – | 91,895 | 16.12 <!--| –--> | 1,615 | 0.28 <!--| –--> | 2,035 | 0.36 <!--| –--> | 48,793 | 8.56 | 569,986 | style="text-align:center;" | NM |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New York|New York]] | style="text-align:center;" | 33 | 3,444,450 | 49.73 | 33 | 2,346,649 | 33.88 | – | 1,090,721 | 15.75 <!--| –--> | 13,451 | 0.19 <!--| –--> | 31,654 | 0.46 <!--| –--> | 1,097,801 | 15.85 | 6,926,925 | style="text-align:center;" | NY |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 14 | 1,114,042 | 42.65 | – | 1,134,661 | 43.44 | 14 | 357,864 | 13.70 <!--| –--> | 5,171 | 0.20 <!--| –--> | 112 | 0.00 <!--| –--> | −20,619 | −0.79 | 2,611,850 | style="text-align:center;" | NC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in North Dakota|North Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 99,168 | 32.18 | – | 136,244 | 44.22 | 3 | 71,084 | 23.07 <!--| –--> | 416 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | 1,221 | 0.40 <!--| –--> | −37,076 | −12.04 | 308,133 | style="text-align:center;" | ND |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]] | style="text-align:center;" | 21 | 1,984,942 | 40.18 | 21 | 1,894,310 | 38.35 | – | 1,036,426 | 20.98 <!--| –--> | 7,252 | 0.15 <!--| –--> | 17,034 | 0.34 <!--| –--> | 90,632 | 1.83 | 4,939,964 | style="text-align:center;" | OH |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 473,066 | 34.02 | – | 592,929 | 42.65 | 8 | 319,878 | 23.01 <!--| –--> | 4,486 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | – | – <!--| –--> | −119,863 | −8.63 | 1,390,359 | style="text-align:center;" | OK |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Oregon|Oregon]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 621,314 | 42.48 | 7 | 475,757 | 32.53 | – | 354,091 | 24.21 <!--| –--> | 4,277 | 0.29 <!--| –--> | 7,204 | 0.49 <!--| –--> | 145,557 | 9.95 | 1,462,643 | style="text-align:center;" | OR |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] | style="text-align:center;" | 23 | 2,239,164 | 45.15 | 23 | 1,791,841 | 36.13 | – | 902,667 | 18.20 <!--| –--> | 21,477 | 0.43 <!--| –--> | 4,661 | 0.09 <!--| –--> | 447,323 | 9.02 | 4,959,810 | style="text-align:center;" | PA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 213,299 | 47.04 | 4 | 131,601 | 29.02 | – | 105,045 | 23.16 <!--| –--> | 571 | 0.13 <!--| –--> | 2,961 | 0.65 <!--| –--> | 81,698 | 18.02 | 453,477 | style="text-align:center;" | RI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina|South Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 479,514 | 39.88 | – | 577,507 | 48.02 | 8 | 138,872 | 11.55 <!--| –--> | 2,719 | 0.23 <!--| –--> | 3,915 | 0.33 <!--| –--> | −97,993 | −8.14 | 1,202,527 | style="text-align:center;" | SC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in South Dakota|South Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 124,888 | 37.14 | – | 136,718 | 40.66 | 3 | 73,295 | 21.80 <!--| –--> | 814 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 539 | 0.16 <!--| –--> | −11,830 | −3.52 | 336,254 | style="text-align:center;" | SD |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 933,521 | 47.08 | 11 | 841,300 | 42.43 | – | 199,968 | 10.09 <!--| –--> | 1,847 | 0.09 <!--| –--> | 6,002 | 0.30 <!--| –--> | 92,221 | 4.65 | 1,982,638 | style="text-align:center;" | TN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 32 | 2,281,815 | 37.08 | – | 2,496,071 | 40.56 | 32 | 1,354,781 | 22.01 <!--| –--> | 19,699 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 1,652 | 0.03 <!--| –--> | −214,256 | −3.48 | 6,154,018 | style="text-align:center;" | TX |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Utah|Utah]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 183,429 | 24.65 | – | 322,632 | 43.36 | 5 | 203,400 | 27.34 <!--| –--> | 1,900 | 0.26 <!--| –--> | 32,637 | 4.39 <!--| –--> | −119,232 | −16.02 | 743,998 | style="text-align:center;" | UT |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Vermont|Vermont]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 133,592 | 46.11 | 3 | 88,122 | 30.42 | – | 65,991 | 22.78 <!--| –--> | 501 | 0.17 <!--| –--> | 1,495 | 0.52 <!--| –--> | 45,470 | 15.70 | 289,701 | style="text-align:center;" | VT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Virginia|Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 1,038,650 | 40.59 | – | 1,150,517 | 44.97 | 13 | 348,639 | 13.63 <!--| –--> | 5,730 | 0.22 <!--| –--> | 15,129 | 0.59 <!--| –--> | −111,867 | −4.38 | 2,558,665 | style="text-align:center;" | VA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|Washington]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 993,037 | 43.41 | 11 | 731,234 | 31.97 | – | 541,780 | 23.68 <!--| –--> | 7,533 | 0.33 <!--| –--> | 13,981 | 0.61 <!--| –--> | 261,803 | 11.44 | 2,287,565 | style="text-align:center;" | WA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 331,001 | 48.41 | 5 | 241,974 | 35.39 | – | 108,829 | 15.91 <!--| –--> | 1,873 | 0.27 <!--| –--> | – | – <!--| –--> | 89,027 | 13.02 | 683,677 | style="text-align:center;" | WV |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 1,041,066 | 41.13 | 11 | 930,855 | 36.78 | – | 544,479 | 21.51 <!--| –--> | 2,877 | 0.11 <!--| –--> | 11,837 | 0.47 <!--| –--> | 110,211 | 4.35 | 2,531,114 | style="text-align:center;" | WI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 68,160 | 34.10 | – | 79,347 | 39.70 | 3 | 51,263 | 25.65 <!--| –--> | 844 | 0.42 <!--| –--> | 270 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | −11,187 | −5.60 | 199,884 | style="text-align:center;" | WY |- ! {{sort|z|}}TOTALS: ! 538 ! 44,909,889 ! 43.01 ! 370 ! 39,104,550 ! 37.45 ! 168 ! 19,743,821 ! 18.91 <!--! –--> ! 290,087 ! 0.28 <!--! –--> ! 375,659 ! 0.36 <!--! –--> ! 5,805,256 ! 5.56 ! 104,423,923 ! style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|z|}}US |} ====Maine and Nebraska district results==== <sup>†</sup>Maine and Nebraska each allowed their electoral votes to be split between candidates using the Congressional District Method for electoral vote assignment. In both states, two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote was awarded to the winner of each congressional district.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |last2=Ujifusa |first2=Grant |title=The Almanac of American Politics 2000 |date=July 1999 |publisher=Crown Publishing Group}}</ref> District results for Maine and Nebraska do not include results for Marrou or other candidates and so totals differ from those for the states' at-large. Because Perot finished in 2nd place in some districts, the margins of the districts do not match the margin at-large. === Close states === States with margin of victory less than 1% (27 electoral votes): # <span style="color:blue;">'''Georgia – 0.59% (13,714 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''North Carolina – 0.79% (20,619 votes)'''</span> States/Districts with margin of victory less than 5% (175 electoral votes): # <span style="color:blue;">'''New Hampshire – 1.22% (6,556 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Ohio – 1.83% (90,632 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Florida – 1.89% (100,612 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Arizona – 1.95% (29,036 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''New Jersey – 2.37% (79,341 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Montana – 2.51% (10,300 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Nevada – 2.63% (13,320 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Kentucky – 3.21% (47,926 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Texas – 3.48% (214,256 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''South Dakota – 3.52% (11,830 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Colorado – 4.26% (66,831 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Wisconsin – 4.35% (110,211 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Virginia – 4.37% (111,867 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Maine's 2nd Congressional District – 4.54% (14,237 votes)'''</span> (margin over Ross Perot) # <span style="color:blue;">'''Louisiana – 4.61% (82,585 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Tennessee – 4.65% (92,221 votes)'''</span> (tipping point state) States with margin of victory between 5% and 10% (131 electoral votes): # <span style="color:red;">'''Kansas – 5.14% (59,517 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Wyoming – 5.60% (11,187 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Iowa – 6.02% (81,462 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Indiana – 6.12% (140,955 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Connecticut – 6.43% (104,005 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Alabama – 6.77% (114,203 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Michigan – 7.39% (316,242 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''South Carolina – 8.14% (97,993 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Maine's 1st Congressional District – 8.11% (29,494 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Delaware – 8.19% (23,741 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Maine – 8.33% (56,600 votes)'''</span> (margin over Ross Perot) # <span style="color:blue;">'''New Mexico – 8.56% (48,793 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Oklahoma – 8.63% (119,863 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Mississippi – 8.91% (87,535 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Pennsylvania – 9.02% (447,323 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Alaska – 9.17% (23,706 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Oregon – 9.95% (145,557 votes)'''</span> [https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm Source: New York Times President Map] ==== Statistics ==== <ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1992&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|title=1992 Presidential General Election Data – National|website=Uselectionatlas.org|access-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref> Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic) # '''<span style="color:blue;">Washington, D.C. 84.64%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Starr County, Texas]] 82.80%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Macon County, Alabama]] 82.78%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Duval County, Texas]] 79.56%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Jefferson County, Mississippi]] 79.39%</span>''' Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican) # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Jackson County, Kentucky]] 74.96%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Sioux County, Iowa]] 72.21%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Hansford County, Texas]] 69.08%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Ochiltree County, Texas]] 68.06%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Shelby County, Alabama]] 67.97%</span>''' Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Other) # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Loving County, Texas]] 46.88%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[San Juan County, Colorado]] 40.40%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Billings County, North Dakota]] 39.82%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Somerset County, Maine]] 38.95%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Esmeralda County, Nevada]] 37.67%</span>''' === Voter demographics === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! colspan=5 |Presidential vote in social groups (in percentage) |- |- ! Social group ! {{party shading/Democratic}}|Clinton ! {{party shading/Republican}}|Bush ! Perot ! % of<br/>total vote |- | Total vote | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 100 |- ! colspan=5|'''Party and ideology''' |- | Liberal Republicans | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right;" | 2 |- | Moderate Republicans | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 63 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 |- | Conservative Republicans | style="text-align:right;" | 5 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 82 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 |- | Liberal Independents | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 29 | style="text-align:right;" | 4 |- | Moderate Independents | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 |- | Conservative Independents | style="text-align:right;" | 17 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 53 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 |- | Liberal Democrats | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 85 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 | style="text-align:right;" | 5 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 |- | Moderate Democrats | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 76 | style="text-align:right;" | 9 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 |- | Conservative Democrats | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 |- ! colspan=5|'''Gender and marital status''' |- | Married men | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- | Married women | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- | Unmarried men | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 48 | style="text-align:right;" | 29 | style="text-align:right;" | 22 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 |- | Unmarried women | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 53 | style="text-align:right;" | 31 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 |- ! colspan=5|'''Race''' |- | White | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 84 |- | Black | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 83 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 |- | Hispanic | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 25 | style="text-align:right;" | 14 | style="text-align:right;" | 4 |- | Asian | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 55 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 1 |- ! colspan=5|'''Religion''' |- | White Protestant | style="text-align:right;" | 32 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 47 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 46 |- | Catholic | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 44 | style="text-align:right;" | 35 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 29 |- | Jewish | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 80 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 | style="text-align:right;" | 9 | style="text-align:right;" | 3 |- | Born Again, religious right | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- ! colspan=5|'''Age''' |- | 18–29 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 34 | style="text-align:right;" | 22 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- | 30–44 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 38 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- | 45–59 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | 60 and older | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 50 | style="text-align:right;" | 38 | style="text-align:right;" | 12 | style="text-align:right;" | 24 |- ! colspan=5|'''Education''' |- | Not a high school graduate | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:right;" | 18 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 |- | High school graduate | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 36 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 24 |- | Some college education | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 27 |- | College graduate | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | Post graduate education | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 50 | style="text-align:right;" | 36 | style="text-align:right;" | 14 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- ! colspan=5|'''Family income''' |- | Under $15,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 58 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 |- | $15,000–29,999 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 45 | style="text-align:right;" | 35 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 27 |- | $30,000–49,999 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 38 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | $50,000-$75,000 | style="text-align:right;" | 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 |- | Over $75,000 | style="text-align:right;" | 36 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 48 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 |- ! colspan=5|'''Region''' |- | East | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 47 | style="text-align:right;" | 35 | style="text-align:right;" | 18 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 |- | Midwest | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | South | style="text-align:right;" | 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 |- | West | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 34 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 |- ! colspan=5|'''Community size''' |- | Population over 500,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 58 | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 |- | Population 50,000 to 500,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 50 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 |- | Suburbs | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 39 |- | Rural areas, towns | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 |} '''Source:''' [[Voter News Service]] [[exit poll]], reported in ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 10, 1996, 28. == See also == * [[Newspaper endorsements in the 1992 United States presidential election]] * [[Chicken George (politics)|Chicken George]] * "[[Giant sucking sound]]" * "[[It's the economy, stupid]]" * "[[Read my lips: no new taxes]]" * [[1992 United States gubernatorial elections]] * [[1992 United States Senate elections]] * [[1992 United States House of Representatives elections]] * [[First inauguration of Bill Clinton]] == References == {{Reflist|30em}} * {{cite web| url=http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/bridge.htm| title=Outline of U.S. History: Chapter 15: Bridge to the 21st century| work=Official web site of the U.S. Department of State| access-date=December 10, 2005| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214030614/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/bridge.htm| archive-date=December 14, 2005| df=mdy-all}} ** Bulk of article text as of January 9, 2003 copied from this page, when it was located at <nowiki>http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/history/ch13.htm#1992</nowiki> and titled "An Outline of American History: Chapter 13: Toward the 21st century". ** An {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm |date=November 3, 2004 |title=archival version of this page is available }} ** This page is in the public domain as a government publication. == Further reading == {{Further|Ross Perot#Further reading}} * {{Citation |doi=10.2307/2960276 |last=Abramowitz |first=Alan I. |year=1995 |title=It's Abortion, Stupid: Policy Voting in the 1992 Presidential Election |journal=Journal of Politics |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=176–186 |issn=0022-3816 |jstor=2960276 |s2cid=155087138 }} * {{Citation |first1=Herbert E. |last1=Alexander |first2=Anthony |last2=Corrado |year=1995 |title=Financing the 1992 Election |publisher=Sharpe |location=Armonk |isbn=978-1-56324-437-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/financing1992ele0000alex }} * Buell Jr, Emmett H. "The 1992 Elections." ''Journal of Politics'' (1994): 1133-1144; reviews leading political science studies of the election * Ceaser, James, and Andrew Busch. ''Upside Down and Inside Out: The 1992 Elections and American Politics'' (1993). * Crotty, William, ed. ''America's Choice: The Election of 1992'' (1993) * {{citation |last=DeFrank |first=Thomas M. |title=Quest for the Presidency, 1992 |year=1994 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |location=College Station |isbn=978-0-89096-644-0 |display-authors=etal}} * {{Citation| first1=Rodolfo O.| last1=De la Garza| first2=Louis| last2=Desipio| year=1996| title=Ethnic Ironies: Latino Politics in the 1992 Elections| publisher=Westview| location=Boulder| isbn=978-0-8133-8910-3| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicironieslat0000unse}} * Doherty, Kathryn M., and James G. Gimpel. "Candidate Character vs. the Economy in the 1992 Election." ''Political Behavior'' 19.3 (1997): 177-196. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James_Gimpel/publication/225228184_Candidate_Character_vs_The_Economy_in_the_1992_Election/links/5ce48ef6458515712eba605a/Candidate-Character-vs-The-Economy-in-the-1992-Election.pdf online] * Germond, Jack, and Jules Witcover. ''Mad As Hell: Revolt at the Ballot Box, 1992'' (1993). [https://archive.org/details/madashellrevolta00germ online] * Goldman, Peter. et al. ''Quest for the Presidency 1992'' (1994) 805pp. * Herron, Michael C., et al. "Measurement of political effects in the United States economy: A study of the 1992 presidential election." ''Economics & Politics'' 11.1 (1999): 51-81. * {{Citation|doi=10.2307/2991792 |last1=Lacy |first1=Dean |last2=Burden |first2=Barry C. |year=1999 |title=The Vote-Stealing and Turnout Effects of Ross Perot in the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election |journal=American Journal of Political Science |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=233–255 |jstor=2991792 }} * {{Citation| first=Bryan D.| last=Jones| year=1995| title=The New American Politics: Reflections on Political Change and the Clinton Administration |publisher=Westview |location=Boulder |isbn=978-0-8133-1972-8 }} * Kellstedt, Lyman A., et al. "Religious voting blocs in the 1992 election: The year of the evangelical?." ''Sociology of Religion'' 55.3 (1994): 307-326. [Kellstedt, Lyman A., et al. "Religious voting blocs in the 1992 election: The year of the evangelical?." Sociology of Religion 55.3 (1994): 307-326. online] * Klein, Jill Gabrielle. "Negativity in impressions of presidential candidates revisited: The 1992 election." ''Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin'' 22.3 (1996): 288-295. * Ladd, Everett Carll. "The 1992 vote for President Clinton: Another brittle mandate?." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 108.1 (1993): 1-28. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152483 online] * Lipset, Seymour Martin. "The significance of the 1992 election." ''PS: Political Science and Politics'' 26.1 (1993): 7-16. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/419496 online] * Nelson, Michael ed. ''The Elections of 1992'' (1993) * Nelson, Michael. ''Clinton's Elections: 1992, 1996, and the Birth of a New Era of Governance'' (2020) [https://www.amazon.com/Clintons-Elections-1992-Birth-Governance/dp/0700629173/ excerpt] * O'Mara, Margaret. ''Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century'' (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history * Ornstein, Norman J. "Foreign policy and the 1992 election." ''Foreign Affairs'' 71.3 (1992): 1-16. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045226 online] * Pomper, Gerald M. ed. ''The Election of 1992'' (1993). * Post, Jerrold M. "The Political psychology of the Ross Perot phenomenon." in ''The Clinton Presidency'' (Routledge, 2019. 37-56). * {{Citation| first=Tom.| last=Rosenstiel| year=1993| title=Strange Bedfellows: How Television and the Presidential Candidates Changed American Politics, 1992| publisher=Hyperion| location=New York| isbn=978-1-56282-859-2| url=https://archive.org/details/strangebedfellow00rose}} * {{Citation| first=Robert P.| last=Steed| year=1994| title=The 1992 Presidential Election in the South: Current Patterns of Southern Party and Electoral Politics |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport |isbn=978-0-275-94534-3 }} * Troy, Gil. "Stumping in the bookstores: A literary history of the 1992 presidential campaign." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' (1995): 697-710. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551506 online] * Weaver, David, and Dan Drew. "Voter learning in the 1992 presidential election: Did the “nontraditional” media and debates matter?." ''Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly'' 72.1 (1995): 7-17. ===Political commentary and campaign statements=== * Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele. ''America: What Went Wrong?'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/americawhatwentw00barl online]. * Clinton, Bill, and Al Gore. ''Putting People First: How We Can All Change America'' (1992) * Cramer, Richard Ben. ''What It Takes: The Way to the White House'' (1992). [https://archive.org/details/whatittakeswayt00cram online]. * Dionne, E. J. ''Why Americans Hate Politics'' (1992). [https://archive.org/details/whyamericanshate00dion online] * Duffy, Michael, and Dan Goodgame. ''Marching in Place: The Status Quo Presidency of George Bush'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/marchinginplaces00duff online]. * Edsall Thomas Byrne, and Mary D. Edsall. ''Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/chainreactionimp00edsa_0 online]. * Ehrenhalt, Alan. ''The United States of Ambition: Politicians, Power, and the Pursuit of Office'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesofam00ehre online]. * Gore, Al. ''Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit'' (1992). [https://archive.org/details/earthinbalancefo0000gore/page/n5/mode/2up online] * Greider, William. ''Who Will Tell the People: The Betrayal of American Democracy'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/whowilltellpeopl00grei online]. * Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. ''Dirty Politics: Deception, Distraction, and Democracy'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/dirtypoliticsdec00jami online]. * Perot, Ross. ''United We Stand: How We Can Take Back Our Country'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/unitedwestandhow00pero online]. * Phillips, Kevin. ''The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/politicsofrichpo1991phil online]. * Sabato, Larry J. ''Feeding Frenzy: How Attack Journalism Has Transformed American Politics'' (1991) [https://archive.org/details/feedingfrenzyhow00saba online] * Will, George F. ''Restoration: Congress, Term Limits and the Recovery of Deliberative Democracy'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/restorationcongr00will online]. == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1992 The Election Wall's 1992 Election Video Page] * [http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1992.htm 1992 popular vote by counties] * [http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1992.txt 1992 popular vote by state] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1992 1992 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)] * [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/CampaignCommercials19 Presidential Campaign Commercials], [[C-SPAN]] * [http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1992 Campaign commercials from the 1992 election] * {{YouTube|wApxxm-vOgQ|Film footage of Gore speech on the election campaign trail}} * [https://www.c-span.org/video/?48269-1/strange-bedfellows ''Booknotes'' interview with Tom Rosenstiel on ''Strange Bedfellows: How Television and the Presidential Candidates Changed American Politics, 1992'', August 8, 1993.] * [http://www.countingthevotes.com/1992/ Election of 1992 in Counting the Votes] {{1992 United States presidential election}} {{State results of the 1992 U.S. presidential election}} {{1992 United States elections}} {{United States presidential elections}} {{US Third Party Election}} {{Bill Clinton}} {{Al Gore}} {{George H. W. Bush}} {{Dan Quayle}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1992 United States presidential election| ]] [[Category:Al Gore]] [[Category:Dan Quayle]] [[Category:Presidency of George H. W. Bush]] [[Category:George H. W. Bush]] [[Category:Bill Clinton]] [[Category:Ross Perot]] [[Category:November 1992 events in the United States]]'
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'{{short description|52nd quadrennial U.S. presidential election}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}} {{Infobox election | election_name = 1992 United States presidential election | country = United States | flag_year = 1992 | type = presidential | opinion_polls = Historical_polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections#1992_United_States_presidential_election | previous_election = 1988 United States presidential election | previous_year = 1988 | election_date = November 2, 1993 | next_election = 1996 United States presidential election | next_year = 1996 | votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | turnout = 55.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.html |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref> {{increase}} 5.0 [[percentage point|pp]] | image_size = x160px | image1 = your mom.jpg | nominee1 = '''[[Bill Clinton]]''' | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state1 = [[Arkansas]] | running_mate1 = '''[[Al Gore]]''' | electoral_vote1 = '''370''' | states_carried1 = '''32 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]]''' | popular_vote1 = '''44,909,889''' | percentage1 = '''43.0%''' <!-- George H. W. Bush -->| image2 = File:George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_(cropped_2).jpg | nominee2 = [[George H. W. Bush]] | party2 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state2 = [[Texas]] | running_mate2 = [[Dan Quayle]] | electoral_vote2 = 168 | states_carried2 = 18 | popular_vote2 = 39,104,550 | percentage2 = 37.5% <!-- Ross Perot -->| image3 = RossPerotColor.jpg | nominee3 = [[Ross Perot]] | party3 = Independent (United States) | home_state3 = [[Texas]] | running_mate3 = [[James Stockdale]] | electoral_vote3 = 0 | states_carried3 = 0 | popular_vote3 = 19,743,821 | percentage3 = 18.9% <!-- Map -->| map_size = 350px | map = {{1992 United States presidential election imagemap}} | map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:blue;">Blue</span> denotes states won by Clinton/Gore and <span style="color:red;">red</span> denotes those won by Bush/Quayle. Numbers indicate [[electoral votes]] cast by each state and the District of Columbia. | title = President | before_election = [[George H. W. Bush]] | before_party = Republican Party (United States) | after_election = [[Bill Clinton]] | after_party = Democratic Party (United States) | ongoing = No }} {{George H. W. Bush series}} The '''1992 United States presidential election''' was the 52nd quadrennial [[United States presidential election|presidential election]], held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Governor [[Bill Clinton]] of [[Arkansas]] defeated incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] President [[George H. W. Bush]], independent businessman [[Ross Perot]] of [[Texas]], and a number of minor candidates. The election marked the end of a period of Republican dominance in American politics that began in [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], and also marked the end of 12 years of Republican rule of the [[White House]]. Until [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], this would be the last time the incumbent president failed to win a second term. Bush had alienated many of the [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatives]] in his party by breaking his 1988 campaign [[Read my lips: no new taxes|pledge against raising taxes]], but he fended off a [[1992 Republican Party presidential primaries|primary challenge]] from [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservative]] commentator [[Pat Buchanan]]. Bush's popularity following his success in the [[Gulf War]] dissuaded high-profile Democratic candidates like [[Mario Cuomo]] from entering the [[1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries|1992 Democratic primaries]]. Clinton, a leader of the centrist [[Democratic Leadership Council]], established himself as the front-runner for the Democratic nomination by sweeping the [[Super Tuesday]] primaries. He defeated former Governor of California [[Jerry Brown]], former [[Massachusetts]] Senator [[Paul Tsongas]], and other candidates to win his party's nomination, and chose [[Tennessee]] Senator [[Al Gore]] as his running mate. Billionaire Ross Perot launched [[Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign|an independent campaign]], emphasizing his opposition to the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] and his plan to reduce the [[National debt of the United States|national debt]]. The economy had recovered from a recession in the spring of 1991, followed by 19 consecutive months of economic growth, but perceptions of the economy's slow growth harmed Bush, for he had inherited a substantial economic boom from his predecessor [[Ronald Reagan]]. Bush's greatest strength, [[Foreign policy of the United States|foreign policy]], was regarded as much less important following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]], as well as the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the Gulf War. Perot led in several polls taken in June 1992, but severely damaged his candidacy by temporarily dropping out of the race in July. The Bush campaign criticized Clinton's character and emphasized Bush's foreign policy successes, while Clinton [[it's the economy, stupid|focused on the economy]]. Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote and a majority of the [[United States Electoral College|electoral vote]], breaking a streak of three consecutive Republican victories. He won states in every region of the country; he swept the [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]] and the [[Western United States|West Coast]], marking the start of Democratic dominance in both regions in both presidential and statewide elections. Clinton also performed well in the eastern [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]], the [[Mountain States|Mountain West]], [[Appalachia]], and parts of the [[Southeastern United States|South]]. This election was the first time a Democrat had won the presidency without [[1992 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]] since [[Texas annexation|its statehood]] and [[1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] since [[1844 United States presidential election in North Carolina|1844]]. This was the last time a presidential candidate won an election without winning the battleground state of Florida until [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], as Clinton went on to carry Florida when he won reelection in [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]]. This was also the last time to date that the state of [[Montana]] voted Democratic in a presidential election, and the last time until 2020 that [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] did so. Clinton flipped a total of 22 states that had voted Republican in the election of 1988. Clinton would win with the smallest vote share of the national vote since Woodrow Wilson in 1912, when the Republican Party experienced a drastic split. Along with [[Gerald Ford]] ([[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]), [[Jimmy Carter]] ([[1980 United States presidential election|1980]]), and [[Donald Trump]] ([[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]), Bush is one of four incumbent presidents since [[World War II]] to lose a bid for a second term. Perot won 18.9% of the popular vote, the [[List of third party performances in United States presidential elections|highest share]] of the vote won by a candidate outside of the two major parties since [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]. Although he failed to win any electoral votes, he beat either main candidate in some states and found significant support in every state, resulting in no state giving an absolute majority to any candidate except Clinton's home state of [[1992 United States presidential election in Arkansas|Arkansas]]. As such, this is the final election to date in which the Democratic nominee won less than 50% of the vote in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont; and in which the Republican nominee won less than 50% in Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Kansas, and Nebraska. It is also the third and final election since the Civil War in which a Republican or Democratic nominee failed to break 50% in a single state, the first two being [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]] for [[William Howard Taft]] and [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]] for [[Walter Mondale]]. As of 2022, this is the last time that either a Democratic or Republican candidate received less than 40% of the popular vote. == Nominations == === Democratic Party nomination === {{Main|1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:DemocraticLogo.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party (United States)]]<big>'''1992 Democratic Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Bill Clinton|{{color|white|Bill Clinton}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Al Gore|{{color|white|Al Gore}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:Bill clinton 1987.jpg|center|209x209px]] | [[File:Sengore.jpg|center|196x196px]] |- | [[List of governors of Arkansas|40th and 42nd]]<br />[[Governor of Arkansas]]<br /><small>(1979–1981, 1983–1992)</small> | [[U.S. Senator]]<br />from [[Tennessee]]<br /><small>(1985–1993)</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Clinton Gore 1992.svg|center|200x200px]] |} <center>'''Democratic candidates:'''</center> <gallery perrow="7" mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Jerry Brown in 1978 crop.jpg|{{center| Former [[Governor of California|Governor]]<br />'''[[Jerry Brown]]'''<br />of California}} File:Senator Paul Tsongas.jpg|{{center|Former [[United States Senate|Senator]]<br />'''[[Paul Tsongas]]'''<br />from [[Massachusetts]]}} File:Senator Bob Kerrey.jpg|{{center|Senator<br />'''[[Bob Kerrey]]'''<br />from [[Nebraska]]}} File:Tom Harkin portrait.jpg|{{center|Senator<br />'''[[Tom Harkin]]'''<br />from [[Iowa]]}} File:Douglas Wilder 2003 NIH.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Virginia|Governor]]<br />'''[[Douglas Wilder]]'''<br />of Virginia}} File:EugeneMcCarthy.jpg|{{center|Former [[United States Senate|Senator]]<br />'''[[Eugene McCarthy]]'''<br />from Minnesota}} File:patschroeder.jpg|{{center|[[United States House of Representatives|Representative]]<br />'''[[Pat Schroeder]]'''<br />from Colorado}} File:Official City Portrait of Larry Agran.jpg|{{center|Former Mayor of [[Irvine, California]] <br />'''[[Larry Agran]]'''<br />from California}} </gallery> ==== Overview ==== Following the successful performance by U.S. and coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War, President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s approval ratings were 89%. His re-election was considered very likely; several high-profile candidates, such as [[Mario Cuomo]] and [[Jesse Jackson]] refused to seek the Democratic nomination. Senator [[Al Gore]] refused to seek the nomination due to the fact his son had been struck by a car and was undergoing surgery and physical therapy. However, [[Tom Harkin]], [[Paul Tsongas]], [[Jerry Brown]], [[Larry Agran]], [[Bob Kerrey]], [[Douglas Wilder]] and [[Bill Clinton]] chose to run as candidates. U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (Iowa) ran as a populist liberal with labor union support. Former U.S. Senator Paul Tsongas (Mass.) highlighted his political independence and fiscal conservatism. Former California Governor Jerry Brown, who had run for the Democratic nomination in 1976 and 1980, declared a significant reform agenda, including Congressional [[term limit]]s, [[Campaign finance reform in the United States|campaign finance reform]], and the adoption of a [[Flat tax|flat income tax]]. Nebraska Senator Bob Kerrey was an attractive candidate based on his business and military background, but made several gaffes on the campaign trail. Arkansas Governor [[Bill Clinton]] positioned himself as a centrist, or [[New Democrats|New Democrat]]. He was relatively unknown nationally before the primary season. That quickly changed however, when [[Gennifer Flowers]] alleged an extramarital affair. Clinton denied the story, appearing on ''[[60 Minutes]]'' with his wife, [[Hillary Clinton]]; in 1998, he admitted the affair.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E4D91739F937A25750C0A96E958260|title=TESTING OF A PRESIDENT: THE ACCUSER; JONES LAWYERS ISSUE FILES ALLEGING CLINTON PATTERN OF HARASSMENT OF WOMEN|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=14 March 1998| quote=the President, though finally confirming a sexual encounter with Ms. Flowers| access-date=20 March 2008|first=F|last=Clines}}</ref> The primary began with Harkin winning his native Iowa as expected. Tsongas won the [[1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire primary]] on February 18, but Clinton's second-place finish, helped by his speech labeling himself "The Comeback Kid," energized his campaign. Brown won the Maine caucus and Kerrey won [[South Dakota]]. Clinton won his first primary in Georgia. Tsongas won the Utah and Maryland primaries and a caucus in [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. Harkin won caucuses in Idaho and Minnesota while Jerry Brown won Colorado. Kerrey dropped out two days later. Clinton won the South Carolina and Wyoming primaries and Tsongas won Arizona. Harkin dropped out. Brown won the Nevada caucus. Clinton swept nearly all of the [[Super Tuesday]] primaries on March 10 making him the solid front runner. Clinton won the Michigan and Illinois primaries. Tsongas dropped out after finishing 3rd in Michigan. Brown, however, began to pick up steam, aided by using a phone number to receive funding from small donors. Brown scored surprising wins in Connecticut, Vermont and Alaska. As the race moved to the primaries in New York and Wisconsin, Brown had taken the lead in polls in both states. Then he made a serious gaffe by announcing to an audience of New York City's [[Jewish-American|Jewish]] community that he would consider Reverend [[Jesse Jackson]] as a vice presidential candidate; Jackson had offended many Jewish people with remarks he had made during his own presidential campaigns.<ref name="aims">{{cite news|first1=Joyce|last1=Purnick|first2=Michael|last2=Oreskes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/29/magazine/jesse-jackson-aims-for-the-mainstream.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Jesse Jackson Aims for the Mainstream|date=November 29, 1987 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref> Clinton won dramatically in New York (41%–26%) and closely in Wisconsin (37%–34%). Clinton then proceeded to win a long streak of primaries leading up to Brown's home state of California. Clinton won this state 48% to 41% and secured the delegates needed to lock the nomination. The convention met in New York City, and the official tally was: * [[Bill Clinton]] 3,372 * [[Jerry Brown]] 596 * [[Paul Tsongas]] 289 * [[Robert P. Casey]] 10 * [[Pat Schroeder]] 5 * [[Larry Agran]] 3 * [[Al Gore]] 1 Clinton chose U.S. Senator [[Al Gore]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[Tennessee]]) to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. Choosing fellow Southerner Gore went against the popular strategy of balancing a Southern candidate with a Northern partner. Gore served to balance the ticket in other ways, as he was perceived as strong on family values and environmental issues, while Clinton was not.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ifill|first=Gwen|date=July 10, 1992|title=Clinton Selects Senator Gore Of Tennessee As Running Mate|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-democrats-clinton-selects-senator-gore-tennessee-running-mate.html}}</ref> Also, Gore's similarities to Clinton allowed him to push some of his key campaign themes, such as centrism and generational change.<ref>{{Citation|title=Al Gore|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Albert_Gore.htm|publisher=[[United States Senate]]}}</ref> === Republican Party nomination === {{Main|1992 Republican Party presidential primaries}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Republicanlogo.svg|65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States)]]<big>'''1992 Republican Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[George H. W. Bush|{{color|white|George H. W. Bush}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[Dan Quayle|{{color|white|Dan Quayle}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Dan Quayle crop.jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | [[List of presidents of the United States|41st]]<br>[[President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1989–1993)</small> | [[List of vice presidents of the United States|44th]]<br>[[Vice President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1989–1993)</small> |- | colspan=2 |'''[[George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign|Campaign]]''' |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Bush Quayle '92 logo.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} <center>'''Republican candidates:'''</center> <gallery perrow="5" mode="packed" heights="160"> File:Pat Buchanan 1985.jpg|{{center|[[White House Communications Director]]<br />'''[[Pat Buchanan]]'''<br />from [[Virginia]]}} File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|{{center|President<br />'''[[George H. W. Bush]]'''<br />from [[Texas]]}} File:Rsz davidduke (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Louisiana House of Representatives|State Representative]]<br />'''[[David Duke]]'''<br />from [[Louisiana]]}} File:Harold Stassen 1980.jpg|{{center| [[Governor of Minnesota|Governor]]<br />'''[[Harold Stassen]]'''<br />of [[Minnesota]]}} </gallery> Paleoconservative journalist [[Pat Buchanan]] was the primary opponent of President Bush; [[Ron Paul]], the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]]'s presidential nominee in 1988, had planned to run against the President, but dropped out shortly after Buchanan's entry in December. Buchanan's best showing was in the New Hampshire primary on February 18, 1992—where Bush won by a 53–38% margin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHAPTER 13: Toward the 21st Century |url=http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm |archive-date=November 3, 2004 |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=usinfo.state.gov}}</ref> President Bush won 73% of all primary votes, with 9,199,463 votes. Buchanan won 2,899,488 votes; unpledged delegates won 287,383 votes, and [[David Duke]], [[Grand Wizard]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], won 119,115 votes. Just over 100,000 votes were cast for all other candidates, half of which were write-in votes for H. Ross Perot.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |publisher=[[CQ Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-60426-536-1 |editor-last=Kalb |editor-first=Deborah |location=Washington, DC |pages=451}}</ref> Former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen, who had run for President 9 times since 1944, also mounted his final campaign. President [[George H. W. Bush]] and Vice President [[Dan Quayle]] easily won renomination by the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. However, the success of the opposition forced the moderate Bush to move further to the right than in [[1988 United States presidential election|the previous election]], and to incorporate many socially conservative planks in the party platform. Bush allowed Buchanan to give a prime time address at the [[1992 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]] in [[Houston]], Texas, and his [[culture war]] speech alienated many moderates. With intense pressure on the Buchanan delegates to relent, the tally for president went as follows: * [[George H. W. Bush]] 2166 * [[Pat Buchanan]] 18 * former ambassador [[Alan Keyes]] 1 Vice President [[Dan Quayle]] was renominated by voice vote. === Ross Perot === {{Main|Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="2"|<big>'''Independent Ticket, 1992'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"| [[Ross Perot|{{color|white|Ross Perot}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"| [[James Stockdale|{{color|white|James Stockdale}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#90EE90;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:Ross Perot in his office Allan Warren (cropped) (cropped).jpg|200x200px]] | [[File:US Navy 050706-N-0000X-004 Vice Admiral_James_Bond_Stockdale.jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | President and CEO of <br>Perot Systems<br /><small>(1988–2009)</small> | [[President of the Naval War College]]<br><small>(1977–1979)</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Ross Perot 1992 campaign logo.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} [[File:BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg|thumb|right|Ross Perot was on the ballot in every state; in six states ''(Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Louisiana, Oregon, Pennsylvania)'' Perot was placed on the ballot through the formation of a political party supporting his candidacy. His electoral performance in each of those states led to those parties being given ballot-qualified status.]] [[File:Ross Perot 7 Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Businessman [[Ross Perot]] from Texas]] The public's concern about the federal budget deficit and fears of professional politicians allowed the independent candidacy of billionaire Texan [[Ross Perot]] to explode on the scene in dramatic fashion—at one point Perot was leading the major party candidates in the polls.<ref name=PerotJuly>{{Citation|date=June 11, 1992|title=The 1992 Campaign: On the Trail; Poll Gives Perot a Clear Lead|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/11/us/the-1992-campaign-on-the-trail-poll-gives-perot-a-clear-lead.html}}</ref> Perot crusaded against the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA), and internal and external national debt, tapping into voters' potential fear of the deficit. His volunteers succeeded in collecting enough signatures to get his name on the ballot in all 50 states. In June, Perot led the national public opinion polls with support from 39% of the voters (versus 31% for Bush and 25% for Clinton).<ref name=PerotJuly /> Perot severely damaged his credibility by dropping out of the presidential contest in July and remaining out of the race for several weeks before re-entering. He compounded this damage by eventually claiming, without evidence, that his withdrawal was due to [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] operatives attempting to disrupt his daughter's wedding.<ref>{{Citation| last=Berke|first=Richard L.|date=October 26, 1992|title=The 1992 Campaign: The Overview; Perot Says He Quit In July To Thwart G.O.P. 'Dirty Tricks'|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/26/us/1992-campaign-overview-perot-says-he-quit-july-thwart-gop-dirty-tricks.html}}</ref> Perot and retired Vice Admiral [[James Stockdale]] drew '''19,743,821''' votes (19% of the popular vote). === Minor parties and independents === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;font-size:big" colspan="30"|'''Minor party candidates, 1992''' |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|Libertarian}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|New Alliance}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|Natural Law}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|Populist}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|U.S. Taxpayers'}} ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"| {{color|white|National Economic<br> Recovery}} |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#F08080;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Andre Marrou]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Lenora Fulani]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[John Hagelin]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Bo Gritz]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]]''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''[[Lyndon LaRouche]]''''' |- | [[File:Marrou-1988-Richmond.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Lenora Fulani.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:John S. Hagelin.jpg|center|100x100px]] | | [[File:Howard Phillips retusche.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Lyndon LaRouche.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | Former [[Alaska House of Representatives|Alaska State<br> Representative]]<br><small>(1985–1987)</small> | Psychologist and <br>political activist | Scientist<br>and researcher | Conservative<br>political activist | Conservative<br>political activist | Political activist |- |} ==== Libertarian Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg|thumb|right|Andre Marrou was on the ballot in every state.]] Libertarian candidates: * [[Andre Marrou]], former [[Alaska]] [[Alaska House of Representatives|State Representative]] and 1988 vice presidential nominee * [[Richard B. Boddie]], political science professor from California The [[1991 Libertarian National Convention|6th Libertarian Party National Convention]] was held in Chicago, Illinois. There, the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] nominated [[Andre Marrou]], former [[Alaska]] [[Alaska House of Representatives|State Representative]] and the Party's 1988 vice-presidential candidate, for President. [[Nancy Lord]] was his running mate. Marrou and Lord drew 291,627 votes (0.28% of the popular vote). ==== New Alliance Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg|thumb|right|Lenora Fulani was on the ballot in thirty-nine states ''(352 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which she was an official write-in candidate.]] New Alliance candidate: * [[Lenora Fulani]], Psychotherapist and political activist from [[New Jersey]], and the 1988 Presidential nominee [[Lenora Fulani]], who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the [[New Alliance Party]], received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992. Unlike in 1988, Fulani failed to gain ballot access in every state, deciding to concentrate some of that campaign funding towards exposure of her candidacy and the Party to the national public. Fulani also sought the endorsement of the [[Peace and Freedom Party]] of California, but despite winning a majority in that party's primary, she would lose the nomination to [[Ronald Daniels (politician)|Ronald Daniels]], the former Director the [[Rainbow/PUSH|National Rainbow Coalition]]. Rather than pursuing a ballot space of her own, Fulani would endorse Daniels's candidacy in California. Fulani and her running mate [[Maria Elizabeth Muñoz]] received 73,622 votes (0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Natural Law Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg|thumb|right|John Hagelin was on the ballot in twenty-eight states ''(264 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] The newly formed [[Natural Law Party (United States)|Natural Law Party]] nominated scientist and researcher [[John Hagelin]] for President and Mike Tompkins for Vice President. The Natural Law Party had been founded in 1992 by Hagelin and 12 others who felt that governmental problems could be solved more effectively by following "Natural Laws". The party platform included preventive health care, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. During this and future campaigns, Hagelin favored abortion rights without public financing, campaign finance law reform, improved gun control, a flat tax, the eradication of PACs, a ban on soft money contributions, and school vouchers. The party's first presidential ticket appeared on the ballot in 28 states and drew 37,137 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== U.S. Taxpayers' Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg|thumb|right|Howard Phillips was on the ballot in twenty-one states ''(215 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] U.S. Taxpayers' candidates: * [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]], conservative political activist from [[Virginia]] * [[Pat Buchanan]], conservative columnist from [[Virginia]] (declined interest) * [[Gordon J. Humphrey]], former Senator from [[New Hampshire]] (declined interest) The [[U.S. Taxpayers Party]] ran its first presidential ticket in 1992, having only been formed the prior year. Initially [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]] had hoped to successfully entice a prominent conservative politician, such as the former Senator [[Gordon J. Humphrey]] from New Hampshire, or even [[Pat Buchanan|Patrick Buchanan]] who at the time had only been mulling over running against President Bush (he would officially declare in December 1991). No one, however, announced any intention to seek the Taxpayers Party nomination; Buchanan himself in the end endorsed President Bush at the Republican National Convention in Houston. Phillips had been unofficially nominated earlier in the year so as to allow the Party to be able to seek ballot access properly. While initially a temporary post, it was made permanent at the party's national convention, which was held in [[New Orleans]] on September 4 and 5. At the convention, which was attended by delegates from thirty-two states and Washington, D.C., Phillips received 264 votes on the first ballot, while [[Albion W. Knight Jr.|Albion Knight]] was approved as his running mate by acclamation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Havel |first=James T. |title=U.S. Presidential Elections and the Candidates: A Biographical and Historical Guide |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1996 |isbn=0-02-864623-1 |volume=2: The Elections, 1789-1992 |location=New York |pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=412}} Earlier that year, in the June 2 California primary, Phillips had received 15,456 votes in the [[American Independent Party]] primary. On August 30, the American Independent Party voted to affiliate with the U.S. Taxpayers Party, an affiliation which continued until 2008.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=378}} Phillips and Knight drew 43,369 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Populist Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg|thumb|right|Bo Gritz was on the ballot in eighteen states ''(161 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] Populist candidate: * [[Bo Gritz]], Former [[United States Army]] [[Special Forces (United States Army)|Special Forces]] officer and [[Vietnam veteran]] Former [[United States Army]] [[Special Forces (United States Army)|Special Forces]] officer and [[Vietnam veteran]] [[Bo Gritz]] was the nominee of the [[Populist Party (United States, 1984)|Populist Party]], facing virtually no opposition. Under the campaign slogan "God, Guns and Gritz" and publishing his political manifesto "The Bill of Gritz" (playing on his last name rhyming with "rights"), he called for staunch opposition to what he called "global government" and "The New World Order", ending all foreign aid, abolishing federal income tax, and abolishing the Federal Reserve System. During the campaign, Gritz openly proclaimed the United States to be a "Christian Nation", stating that the country's legal statutes "should reflect unashamed acceptance of Almighty God and His Laws". His run on the America First/Populist Party ticket was prompted by his association with another far-right political Christian talk radio host, Tom Valentine. During his campaign, part of Gritz's standard stump speech was an idea to pay off the National debt by minting a coin at the Treasury and sending it to the Federal Reserve. This predates the 2012 [[trillion dollar coin]] concept. During August 1992, Gritz attracted national attention as mediator during the government standoff with [[Randy Weaver]] at [[Ruby Ridge]], Idaho. He received 106,152 votes nationwide (0.1% of the popular vote). In two states he had a respectable showing for a minor third party candidate: Utah, where he received 3.8% of the vote and Idaho, where he received 2.1% of the vote. In some counties, his support topped 10%, and in Franklin County, Idaho, was only a few votes away from pushing [[Bill Clinton]] into fourth place in the county. ==== Lyndon LaRouche's candidacy ==== [[File:BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg|thumb|right|Lyndon LaRouche was on the ballot in seventeen states ''(156 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] While officially running for the Democratic Presidential nomination, [[Lyndon LaRouche]] also decided to run as an Independent in the general election, standing as the '''National Economic Recovery''' candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|last=LoudounNow|date=2019-02-18|title=Perennial Presidential Candidate LaRouche Dies at 96|url=https://loudounnow.com/2019/02/18/perennial-presidential-candidate-larouche-dies-at-96/|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Loudoun Now|language=en-US}}</ref> LaRouche was in jail at the time, having been convicted of conspiracy to commit mail fraud in December 1988; it was only the second time in history that the presidency was sought from a prison cell (after Socialist Party candidate [[Eugene V. Debs]], while imprisoned for his opposition to U.S. involvement in [[World War I]], ran in 1920). His running-mate was [[James Bevel]], a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the [[Franklin child prostitution ring allegations]]. In addition to the displayed states, LaRouche had nearly made the ballot in the states of New York and Mississippi. In the case of New York, while his petition was valid and had enough signatures, none of his electors filed declarations of candidacy; in the cases of Mississippi a [[sore-loser law]] was in place, and because he ran in that state's Democratic presidential primary he was ineligible to run as an Independent in the general. Ohio also had a sore-loser law, but it was ruled in Brown vs. Taft that it did not apply to presidential candidates. LaRouche and Beval drew 22,863 votes. (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Socialist Workers' Party nomination ==== [[File:BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg|thumb|right|James Warren was on the ballot in thirteen states ''(148 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] Socialist Workers candidate: * [[James Warren (presidential candidate)|James Warren]], journalist and steel worker from [[Illinois]], and the 1988 Presidential nominee [[James Warren (presidential candidate)|James Warren]], who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]], received a second consecutive nomination from the Party on the first of November 1991. Warren had two running mates that varied from state to state; [[Estelle DeBates]] and [[Willie Mae Reid]], the latter also a resident of Illinois. Warren received 22,882 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Ron Daniels candidacy ==== [[File:BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg|thumb|right|Ron Daniels was on the ballot in eight states ''(126 Electoral Votes)''. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.]] * [[Ronald Daniels (politician)|Ronald Daniels]], former director of the [[Rainbow/PUSH|National Rainbow Coalition]] [[Ronald Daniels (politician)|Ronald Daniels]] was the former executive director for the [[Center for Constitutional Rights]], the former director of the [[Rainbow/PUSH|National Rainbow Coalition]], and the worked on both of [[Jesse Jackson]]'s campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination. [[Asiba Tupahache]], a Native American activist from New York was his running-mate. Though running an Independent campaign under the label '''"Campaign for a Better Tomorrow"''', Daniels was endorsed by a number of third parties across the states, most notably the Peace and Freedom Party of California; though he had lost that party's presidential primary to [[Lenora Fulani]], the nominee of the [[New Alliance Party]], the delegates at its convention voted in favor of his candidacy 110–91, the only time it has ever nominated someone other than the winner of the primary. Daniels and Tupachache drew 27,396 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote). ==== Other nominations ==== The 1992 campaign also marked the entry of [[Ralph Nader]] into presidential politics as a candidate. Despite the advice of several liberal and environmental groups, Nader did not formally run. Rather, he tried to make an impact in the [[New Hampshire primaries]], urging members of both parties to write-in his name.<ref>{{Citation| last=Kolbert|first=Elizabeth|date=February 18, 1992|title=In Nader's Campaign, White House Isn't the Goal|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/18/us/the-1992-campaign-write-in-in-nader-s-campaign-white-house-isn-t-the-goal.html}}</ref> As a result, several thousand Democrats and Republicans wrote-in Nader's name. Despite supporting mostly liberal legislation during his career as a [[consumer advocate]], Nader received more votes from Republicans than Democrats. The [[Socialist Equality Party (United States)|Worker's League]] nominated [[Helen Halyard]] for President; she was the party's nominee for Vice President in 1984 and 1988. [[Fred Mazelis]] was nominated for Vice President. Halyard and Mazelis drew 3,050 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Michigan, New Jersey ''(33 Electoral)'' [[John A. Yiamouyiannis|John Yiamouyiannis]], a major opponent of [[Water fluoridation controversy|water fluoridation]], ran as an Independent under the label '''"Take Back America"'''. Allen C. McCone was his running-mate. Yiamouyiannis and McCone drew 2,199 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Tennessee ''(33 Electoral)'' The [[Socialist Party USA|Socialist Party]] nominated [[J. Quinn Brisben]] for President and [[Barbara Garson]] for Vice President. Brisben and Garson drew 2,909 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' DC, Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin ''(30 Electoral)'' The [[Grassroots Party]] nominated [[Jack Herer]], a noted cannabis activist for President and Derrick Grimmer for Vice President. Herer and Grimmer drew 3,875 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin ''(28 Electoral)'' The [[Prohibition Party]] nominated [[Earl Dodge]], the party's chairman for President and [[George Ormsby (politician)|George Ormsby]] for Vice President. Dodge and Ormsby drew 935 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas, New Mexico, Tennessee ''(22 Electoral)'' Drew Bradford was an Independent candidate for the Presidency; he did not have a running-mate. Bradford drew 4,749 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' New Jersey ''(15 Electoral)'' Eugene R. Hem was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label '''"The Third Party"'''. His running-mate was Joanne Roland. Hem and Roland drew 405 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Wisconsin ''(11 Electoral)'' Delbert Ehlers was an Independent candidate for the Presidency. His running-mate was Rick Wendt. Ehlers and Wendt drew 1,149 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Iowa ''(7 Electoral)'' [[James Boren]] was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label '''"Apathy"'''. His running-mate was Bill Weidman. Boren and Weidman drew 956 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas ''(6 Electoral)'' Professor [[Isabell Masters]] was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label '''"Looking Back"'''. Her running-mate was her son, Walter Ray Masters. Masters drew 327 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Arkansas ''(6 Electoral)'' The [[American Party (1969)|American Party]] nominated Robert J. Smith for President and Doris Feimer for Vice President. However, for a time neither the Utah or South Carolina state parties would endorse the ticket. The American Party of South Carolina would ultimately endorse the candidacy of [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]], the nominee of the [[U.S. Taxpayers Party]], while the American Party of Utah would decide to endorse Smith. Smith and Feimer drew 291 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' Utah ''(5 Electoral)'' The [[Workers World Party]] nominated [[Gloria La Riva]] for President and Larry Holmes for Vice President. Initially the party had voted not to field a presidential candidate in 1992, but it was later found that the party would need to get at least half a percent of the vote in New Mexico in order to maintain its ballot access in that state. La Riva and Holmes drew 181 votes. '''Ballot Access:''' New Mexico ''(5 Electoral)'' == General election == === Campaign === After [[Bill Clinton]] secured the Democratic Party's nomination in the spring of 1992, polls showed Ross Perot leading the race, followed by President Bush and Clinton in third place after a grueling nomination process. Two-way trial heats between Bush and Clinton in early 1992 showed Bush in the lead.<ref>{{Citation|last=Toner| first=Robin|date=March 3, 1992|title=Voters Are Unhappy With All the Choices|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/03/us/the-1992-campaign-poll-in-poll-voters-are-unhappy-with-all-the-choices.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=April 1, 1992|title=Clinton Dogged By Voter Doubt, Poll of U.S. Says| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/01/us/the-1992-campaign-poll-clinton-dogged-by-voter-doubt-poll-of-us-says.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Toner|first=Robin|date=April 26, 1992|title=Poll Shows Perot Gaining Strength To Rival Clinton's|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/26/us/the-1992-campaign-poll-poll-shows-perot-gaining-strength-to-rival-clinton-s.html}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=June 23, 1992|title=Bush and Clinton Sag in Survey; Perot's Negative Rating Doubles|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/23/us/1992-campaign-poll-bush-clinton-sag-survey-perot-s-negative-rating-doubles.html}}</ref> As the economy continued to sour and the President's approval rating continued to slide, the Democrats began to rally around their nominee. On July 9, 1992, Clinton chose Tennessee senator and former 1988 presidential candidate Al Gore to be his running mate.<ref>{{Citation|date= July 10, 1992|title=Their Own Words; Excerpts From Clinton's and Gore's Remarks on the Ticket|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/10/us/1992-campaign-their-own-words-excerpts-clinton-s-gore-s-remarks-ticket.html}}</ref> As Governor Clinton's nomination acceptance speech approached, Ross Perot dropped out of the race, convinced that staying in the race with a "revitalized Democratic Party" would cause the race to be decided by the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref>{{Citation|date=July 17, 1992|title=Captain Perot Jumps Ship|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/17/opinion/captain-perot-jumps-ship.html }}</ref> Clinton gave his acceptance speech on July 16, 1992, promising to bring a "new covenant" to America, and to work to heal the gap that had developed between the rich and the poor during the Reagan/Bush years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25958 |title=William J. Clinton: Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Democratic National Convention in New York |website=Presidency.ucsb.edu |date=1992-07-16 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> The Clinton campaign received the biggest convention "bounce" in history<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Citation|last=Apple| first=R. W. Jr. |date=July 18, 1992|title=Poll Gives Clinton a Post-Perot, Post-Convention Boost|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/18/us/the-1992-campaign-overview-poll-gives-clinton-a-post-perot-post-convention-boost.html}}</ref> which brought him from 25 percent in the spring, behind Bush and Perot, to 55 percent versus Bush's 31 percent. After the convention, Clinton and Gore began a bus tour around the United States, while the Bush/Quayle campaign began to criticize Clinton's character, highlighting accusations of infidelity and draft dodging. The Bush campaign emphasized its foreign policy successes such as [[Desert Storm]], and the end of the Cold War. Bush also contrasted his military service to Clinton's lack thereof, and criticized Clinton's lack of foreign policy expertise. However, as the economy was the main issue, Bush's campaign floundered across the nation, even in strongly Republican areas,<ref>{{Citation|last=Miller|first=Judith|date=August 16, 1992|title=The Republicans: Can They Get It Together?|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/16/magazine/the-republicans-can-they-get-it-together.html}}</ref> and Clinton maintained leads with over 50 percent of the vote nationwide consistently, while Bush typically saw numbers in the upper 30s.<ref>{{Citation|date=August 17, 1992|title=Bush Trails, to Varying Degrees, in 3 Polls|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/17/news/party-in-the-spotlight-bush-trails-to-varying-degrees-in-3-polls.html}}</ref> As Bush's economic edge had evaporated, his campaign looked to energize its socially conservative base at the [[1992 Republican National Convention]] in Houston, Texas. At the convention, Bush's primary campaign opponent Pat Buchanan gave his famous "culture war" speech, criticizing Clinton's and Gore's social progressiveness, and voicing skepticism on his "New Democrat" brand. After President Bush accepted his renomination, his campaign saw a small bounce in the polls, but this was short-lived, as Clinton maintained his lead.<ref name="nyt_26-08-1992">{{Citation|last=Clymer|first=Adam|date=August 26, 1992|title=Bush's Gains From Convention Nearly Evaporate in Latest Poll|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/26/us/the-1992-campaign-bush-s-gains-from-convention-nearly-evaporate-in-latest-poll.html}}</ref> The campaign continued with a lopsided lead for Clinton through September,<ref>{{Citation|date=September 22, 1992|title=Clinton Takes 21-Point Lead Over President in a New Poll| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/22/us/the-1992-campaign-clinton-takes-21-point-lead-over-president-in-a-new-poll.html}}</ref> until Ross Perot decided to re-enter the race.<ref>{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=September 30, 1992|title=Campaign Strategy; 2 Camps Regard A Perot Revival With Less Fear| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/30/us/1992-campaign-campaign-strategy-2-camps-regard-perot-revival-with-less-fear.html}}</ref> Ross Perot's re-entry in the race was welcomed by the Bush campaign, as Fred Steeper, a poll taker for Bush, said, "He'll be important if we accomplish our goal, which is to draw even with Clinton." Initially, Perot's return saw the Texas billionaire's numbers stay low, until he was given the opportunity to participate in a trio of unprecedented three-man debates. The race narrowed, as Perot's numbers significantly improved as Clinton's numbers declined, while Bush's numbers remained more or less the same from earlier in the race<ref name="nyt_25-10-1992">{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=October 25, 1992|title=Contest Tightens As Perot Resurges And Clinton Slips| newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/25/us/1992-campaign-overview-contest-tightens-perot-resurges-clinton-slips.html}}</ref> as Perot and Bush began to hammer at Clinton on character issues once again. === Presidential debates === {{Main|1992 United States presidential debates}} The [[Commission on Presidential Debates]] organized four presidential debates<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1992-debates|title=CPD: 1992 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+'''Debates among candidates for the 1992 U.S. presidential election''' !No. !Date !Host !Location !Panelists !Moderator !Participants !Viewership (Millions) |- |P1 |Sunday, October 11, 1992 |[[Washington University in St. Louis]] |[[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]] |[[Sander Vanocur]]<br>[[Ann Compton]]<br>John Mashek |[[Jim Lehrer]] |[[George H. W. Bush|President George H. W. Bush]]<br>[[Bill Clinton|Governor Bill Clinton]]<br>[[Ross Perot|Mr. Ross Perot]] |62.4<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1992-debates|title=CPD: 1992 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> |- |VP |Tuesday, October 13, 1992 |[[Georgia Institute of Technology]] |[[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] |n/a |[[Hal Bruno]] |[[Dan Quayle|Vice President Dan Quayle]]<br>[[Al Gore|Senator Al Gore]]<br>[[James Stockdale|Admiral James Stockdale]] |51.2<ref name=":0" /> |- |P2 |Thursday, October 15, 1992 |[[University of Richmond]] |[[Richmond, Virginia]] |n/a |[[Carole Simpson]] |[[George H. W. Bush|President George H. W. Bush]]<br>[[Bill Clinton|Governor Bill Clinton]]<br>[[Ross Perot|Mr. Ross Perot]] |69.9<ref name=":0" /> |- |P3 |Monday, October 19, 1992 |[[Michigan State University]] |[[East Lansing, Michigan]] |Gene Gibbons<br>[[Helen Thomas]]<br>[[Susan Rook]] |[[Jim Lehrer]] |[[George H. W. Bush|President George H. W. Bush]]<br>[[Bill Clinton|Governor Bill Clinton]]<br>[[Ross Perot|Mr. Ross Perot]] |66.9<ref name=":0" /> |} === Character issues === Many character issues were raised during the campaign, including allegations that Clinton had [[Draft dodging|dodged the draft]] during the [[Vietnam War]], and had used [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]], which Clinton claimed he had pretended to smoke, but "didn't inhale." Bush also accused Clinton of meeting with communists on a trip to Russia he took as a student. Clinton was often accused of being a philanderer by political opponents. Allegations were also made that Bill Clinton had engaged in a long-term extramarital affair with [[Gennifer Flowers]].<ref>Conason, Joe (July/August 1992). "Reason No. 1 Not To Vote For Bill Clinton: He Cheats on His Wife." Spy magazine.</ref> Clinton denied ever having an affair with Flowers.<ref>Kurtz, Howard (August 12, 1992). "Clinton Angrily Denounces Report of Extramarital Affair as 'a Lie.'" The Washington Post.</ref> [[File:1992prescountymap2.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Election results by county{{legend|#1560BD|[[Bill Clinton]]|border=1px #AAAAAA solid}} {{legend|#E32636|[[George H. W. Bush]]|border=1px #AAAAAA solid}} {{legend|#00A550|[[Ross Perot]]|border=1px #AAAAAA solid}}]] [[File:1992 Presidential Election, Results by Congressional District.png|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Results by congressional district.]] ===Results=== On November 3, [[Bill Clinton]] won the election to serve as the 42nd president of the United States by a wide margin in the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]], receiving 43% of the popular vote against Bush's 37.4% and Perot's 18.9%. It was the first time since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]] that a candidate won the White House with under 50% of the popular vote. Only Washington, D.C. and Clinton's home state of [[Arkansas]] gave the majority of their votes to a single candidate in the entire country; the rest were won by pluralities of the vote. Even though Clinton roughly received 3.1 million more votes than Democratic nominee [[Michael Dukakis]] had four years earlier, the Democrats recorded a 2.6 percentage point ''decrease'' in their share of the popular vote compared to 1988 due to the higher turnout. His 43% share of the popular vote was the second-lowest for any winning candidate in the 20th century after [[Woodrow Wilson]] in [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]] (41.8%). President Bush's 37.4% was the lowest percentage total for a sitting president seeking re-election since [[William Howard Taft]], also in 1912 (23.2%).<ref>Kornacki, Steve (January 21, 2011). [http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/01/21/bush_gulf_war_reunion/index.html "Why the 'good' Iraq war wasn't so good"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126054313/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/01/21/bush_gulf_war_reunion/index.html |date=January 26, 2011 }}. ''[[Salon.com|Salon]]''.</ref> 1992 was, as the 1912 election was, a three-way race (that time between Taft, Wilson, and [[Theodore Roosevelt]]). It was also the lowest percentage for a major-party candidate since [[Alf Landon]] received 36.5% of the vote in [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]]. Bush had a lower percentage of the popular vote than even [[Herbert Hoover]], who was defeated in [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]] (39.7%). However, none of these races included a major third candidate. Bush was the last president voted out of office after one term until [[Donald Trump]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], as Clinton, Bush’s son [[George W. Bush]] and [[Barack Obama]] were all re-elected to second terms in office. Independent candidate [[Ross Perot]] received 19,743,821 with 18.9% of the popular vote. The billionaire used his own money to advertise extensively, and is the only third-party candidate ever allowed into the nationally televised [[U.S. presidential election debates|presidential debates]] with both major party candidates (Independent [[John B. Anderson|John Anderson]] debated Republican [[Ronald Reagan]] in [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], but without Democrat [[Jimmy Carter]], who had refused to appear in a three-man debate). Speaking about the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]], Perot described its effect on American jobs as causing a "[[giant sucking sound]]". For a period of time, Perot was leading in the polls,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dionne|first=E.J.|date=June 9, 1992|title=PEROT LEADS IN NEW POLL|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/06/09/perot-leads-field-in-poll/5c0499dd-d5c5-42e4-bc63-e4c32ca083e7/|access-date=February 8, 2021|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> but he lost much of his support when he temporarily withdrew from the election, only to declare himself a candidate again soon after. This was also the most recent time that a third-party candidate won at least one county. Perot's almost 19% of the popular vote made him the most successful third-party presidential candidate in terms of popular vote since [[Theodore Roosevelt]] in the 1912 election. Also, his 19% of the popular vote was the highest ever for a candidate who did not win any [[United States electoral college|electoral votes]]. Although he did not win any states, Perot managed to finish ahead of one of the two major party candidates in two states: In [[Maine]], he received 30.44% of the vote to Bush's 30.39% (Clinton won Maine with 38.77%); in [[Utah]], he collected 27.34% of the vote to Clinton's 24.65%. Bush won that state with 43.36%. He also came in 2nd in Maine's 2nd Congressional District where he had his best overall showing. He won 33.2% of the vote there and missed out on the district's 1 elector by only 4.5% of the vote. The election was the most recent in which [[Montana]] voted for the Democratic candidate, the last time [[Florida]] backed the losing candidate and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] voted for the Democratic candidate until [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], and the last time that Colorado voted Democratic until 2008. This was also the first time since [[Texas]]' admission to the Union in 1845 that a Democrat won the White House without winning the state, and the second time a Democrat won the White House without North Carolina (the first was 1844), and the second time since Florida's admission (also in 1845) that a Democrat won without winning the state ([[John F. Kennedy]] in [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]] was the first). Clinton was also the only Democrat at that point to win every electoral vote in the Northeast except for [[Lyndon Johnson]] in [[U.S. presidential election, 1964|1964]]. John Kerry and Barack Obama have been the only Democrats to repeat this since. Also, this was the first time since 1964 that the following nine states had voted Democratic: California, [[Colorado]], [[Illinois]], [[Montana]], [[Nevada]], [[New Hampshire]], [[New Jersey]], [[New Mexico]], and [[Vermont]]. The 168 electoral votes received by Bush, added to the 426 electoral votes he received in [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]], gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president only once (594), and the ninth largest number of electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president behind [[Grover Cleveland]]'s 664, [[Barack Obama]]'s 697, [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s 712, [[Bill Clinton]]'s 749, [[Richard Nixon]]'s 821, [[Dwight Eisenhower]]'s 899, [[Ronald Reagan]]'s 1,014 and [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s 1,876 total electoral votes. === Analysis === Several factors made the results possible. First, the campaign came on the heels of an economic slowdown. Exit polling showed that 75% thought the economy was in fairly or very bad shape while 63% thought their personal finances were better or the same as four years ago.<ref>{{Citation|title=Topics at a Glance—iPOLL summary results|url=http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu/cgi-bin/hsrun.exe/roperweb/pom/pom.htx;start=ipollsearch?TopID=444|access-date=August 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918123018/http://www.ropercenter.uconn.edu/cgi-bin/hsrun.exe/roperweb/pom/pom.htx;start=ipollsearch?TopID=444|archive-date=September 18, 2008|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The decision by Bush to accept a tax increase adversely affected his re-election bid. Pressured by rising [[Deficit spending|budget deficit]]s, Bush agreed to a budget compromise with Congress which raised taxes and reduced the federal budget deficit. Clinton was able to condemn the tax increase effectively on both its own merits and as a reflection of Bush's dishonesty. Effective Democratic TV ads were aired showing a clip of Bush's 1988 acceptance speech in which he promised "[[Read my lips: no new taxes|Read my lips … No new taxes.]]" Most importantly, Bush's coalition was in disarray, for both the aforementioned reasons and for unrelated reasons. The end of the [[Cold War]] allowed old rivalries among conservatives to re-emerge and meant that other voters focused more on [[domestic policy]], to the detriment of Bush, a social and fiscal moderate. The consequence of such a perception depressed conservative turnout.<ref name="nyt_11-11-1992">{{Citation|last=Toner|first=Robin|date=November 11, 1992|title=The Republicans; Looking to the Future, Party Sifts Through Past|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/11/us/the-transition-the-republicans-looking-to-the-future-party-sifts-through-past.html}}</ref> Unlike Bush, Clinton was able to unite his fractious and ideologically diverse party behind his candidacy, even when its different wings were in conflict. To garner the support of moderates and conservative Democrats, he attacked [[Sister Souljah]], an obscure [[Hip hop music|rap music]]ian whose lyrics Clinton condemned. Furthermore, Clinton made clear his support of the death penalty and would later champion making [[school uniform]]s in public schools a requirement.<ref name="nyt_01-27-1996">{{cite news|first=Alison|last=Mitchell|date=January 27, 1996|work=The New York Times|title=CLINTON'S ADVISERS; Sharp Split Over Issues: Economics Or Values?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/27/us/politics-clinton-s-advisers-sharp-split-over-issues-economics-or-values.html}}</ref> Clinton could also point to his centrist record as governor of Arkansas. More liberal Democrats were impressed by Clinton's record on abortion and affirmative action. His strong connections to African Americans also played a key role. In addition, he organized significant numbers of young voters and became a symbol of the rise of the [[Baby boomers|Baby Boomer]] generation to political power.<ref name="time_11-16-1992">{{cite magazine|first=Walter|last=Shapiro|date=November 16, 1992|title=Baby-boomer Bill Clinton: A Generation Takes Power|magazine=Time|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976996,00.html}}</ref> Supporters remained energized and confident, even in times of scandal or missteps. The effect of [[Ross Perot]]'s candidacy has been a contentious point of debate for many years. In the ensuing months after the election, various Republicans asserted that Perot had acted as a [[spoiler effect|spoiler]], enough to the detriment of Bush to lose him the election. While many disaffected conservatives may have voted for Ross Perot to protest Bush's tax increase, further examination of the Perot vote in the Election Night exit polls not only showed that Perot siphoned votes nearly equally among Bush and Clinton,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/05/us/1992-elections-disappointment-analysis-eccentric-but-no-joke-perot-s-strong.html|title=THE 1992 ELECTIONS: DISAPPOINTMENT -- NEWS ANALYSIS An Eccentric but No Joke; Perot's Strong Showing Raises Questions On What Might Have Been, and Might Be|date=November 5, 1992|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times Exit Poll 1992, Nov, 1992 [survey question]. USLAT.92EXIT.QN. Los Angeles Times [producer]. Storrs, CT:Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, iPOLL [distributor], accessed Jul-20-2015.</ref><ref>ABC News, CBS News, CNN, NBC News. VRS Election Day Exit Poll 1992, Nov, 1992 [survey question]. USVRS.92EXIT.Q08. Voter Research & Surveys [producer]. Storrs, CT:Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, iPOLL [distributor], accessed Jul-20-2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.fairvote.org/plurality/perot.htm |title=Plurality Wins in the 1992 Presidential Race: Perot's Contribution to Clinton's Victory |website=Archive.fairvote.org |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> but roughly two-thirds of those voters who cited Bush's broken "No New Taxes" pledge as "very important" (25%) voted for Bill Clinton.<ref>{{Citation|last=Schmalz|first=Jeffrey|date=November 4, 1992|title=Clinton Carves a Path Deep Into Reagan Country|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/04/nyregion/1992-election-nation-s-voters-clinton-carves-wide-path-deep-into-reagan-country.html}}</ref> The voting numbers reveal that to win the electoral vote Bush would have had to win 10 of the 11 states Clinton won by less than five percentage points. For Bush to earn a majority of the popular vote, he would have needed 12.2% of Perot's 18.9% of the vote, 65% of Perot's support base.<ref>{{Citation|title=1992 Presidential Election – What if Scenario|url= http://uselectionatlas.org/USPRESIDENT/GENERAL/pe1992whatif.html}}</ref> State exit polls suggested that Perot did not alter the electoral college count, except potentially in one state (Ohio), which nonetheless showed a result in the margin of error.<ref>{{cite news|author=E.J. Dionne Jr. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/11/08/perot-seen-not-affecting-vote-outcome/27500538-cee8-4f4f-8e7f-f3ee9f2325d1/ |title=Perot Seen Not Affecting Vote Outcome |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=1992-11-08 |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> Furthermore, Perot was most popular in states that strongly favored either Clinton or Bush, limiting his real electoral impact for either candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1072&context=ngresearchconf |format=PDF |title=H. Ross Perot and George C. Wallace: Defining the Archetype of Third-party "Success" in Presidential Elections |author=AARON W. BROWN |date=February 23, 2013 |website=Digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> Perot gained relatively little support in the Southern states and happened to have the best showing in states with few electoral votes. Perot appealed to disaffected voters all across the political spectrum who had grown weary of the two-party system. NAFTA played a role in Perot's support, and Perot voters were relatively moderate on hot-button social issues.<ref>{{Citation|title=Public Opinion Watch|url=http://www.tcf.org/list.asp?type=NC&pubid=1120#perot|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823094350/http://www.tcf.org/list.asp?type=NC&pubid=1120#perot|archive-date=August 23, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Mishel|first1=Lawrence|last2=Teixeira|first2=Ruy A.|date=December 30, 1998|title=The Political Arithmetic of the NAFTA Vote|url=http://www.epi.org/briefingpapers/1993_bp_political.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081128173902/http://www.epi.org/briefingpapers/1993_bp_political.pdf|archive-date=November 28, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A 1999 study in the ''American Journal of Political Science'' estimated that Perot's candidacy hurt the Clinton campaign, reducing "Clinton's margin of victory over Bush by seven percentage point."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lacy|first1=Dean|last2=Burden|first2=Barry C.|date=1999|title=The Vote-Stealing and Turnout Effects of Ross Perot in the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election|journal=American Journal of Political Science|volume=43|issue=1|pages=233|doi=10.2307/2991792|issn=0092-5853|jstor=2991792}}</ref> In 2016, ''[[FiveThirtyEight]]'' stated that it was "unlikely" that Perot was a spoiler.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/long-before-trump-there-was-ross-perot/|title=Long Before Trump, There Was Ross Perot|first=Galen|last=Druke|publisher=FiveThirtyEight|date=October 24, 2016|accessdate=May 9, 2021}}</ref> Clinton, Bush, and Perot did not focus on abortion during the campaign. Exit polls, however, showed that attitudes toward abortion "significantly influenced" the vote, as [[Support for the legalization of abortion|pro-choice]] Republicans defected from Bush.<ref>{{citation|last=Critchlow|first=Donald T.|title=Intended Consequences: Birth Control, Abortion, and the Federal Government in Modern America|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-504657-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/intendedconseque00crit_0/page/221 221]|url=https://archive.org/details/intendedconseque00crit_0/page/221}}</ref><ref>Abramowitz (1995)</ref> === Implications === According to [[Seymour Martin Lipset]], this election had several unique characteristics. Voters felt that economic conditions were worse than they actually were, which harmed Bush. A rare event was a strong third-party candidate. Liberals launched a backlash against 12 years of a conservative White House. The chief factor was Clinton's uniting his party, and winning over a number of heterogeneous groups.<ref>Seymour Martin Lipset, "The significance of the 1992 election." ''PS: Political Science and Politics'' 26.1 (1993): 7-16 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/419496 online]</ref> Clinton's election ended an era in which the Republican Party had controlled the [[White House]] for 12 consecutive years, and for 20 of the previous 24 years. The election also brought the Democrats full control of the legislative and executive branches of the federal government, including both houses of [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] and the presidency, for the first time since the administration of the last Democratic president, [[Jimmy Carter]]. This would not last for very long, however, as the Republicans won control of both the House and Senate in 1994. Reelected in 1996, Clinton would become the first Democratic President since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to serve two full terms in the White House. 1992 was arguably a [[political realignment]] election. It made the Democratic Party dominant in presidential elections in the Northeast, the [[Great Lakes]] region (until [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]) and the West Coast, where many states had previously either been swing states or Republican-leaning. Clinton picked up several states that went Republican in 1988, and which have remained in the Democratic column ever since: California, [[Connecticut]], [[Delaware]], [[Illinois]], most of [[Maine]] (besides the state's second congressional district, which broke the state's total straight Democratic voting record since, when it voted for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in 2016), [[Maryland]], [[New Jersey]], and [[Vermont]]. Vermont, carried by Clinton, had been heavily Republican for generations prior to the election, voting for a Democrat only once (in 1964).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.270towin.com/states/Vermont |title=Vermont Presidential Election Voting History |website=270towin.com |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> The state has been won by the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since. Bill Clinton narrowly defeated Bush in New Jersey (by two points), which had voted for the Republican nominee all but twice since [[1948 United States presidential election|1948]]. Clinton would later win the state in 1996 by eighteen points; like Vermont, Republicans have not won the state since.<ref name="AD100313">{{cite news | title = Surprise Swing States | work = [[CBS News]] | date = February 11, 2009 | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-250_162-652197.html | access-date = October 3, 2013 }}</ref> California, which had been a Republican stronghold since 1952, was now trending Democratic. Clinton, a native Southerner, was able to carry several states in the South that the GOP had won for much of the past two decades, but ultimately won only four of eleven former [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] states. This reflected the final shift of the South to the Republican Party. In subsequent presidential elections from 1996 to 2020, 28 out of the 50 states were carried by the same party as in 1992 (15 for the Democrats and 13 for the Republicans). == Detailed results == {{start U.S. presidential ticket box| pv_footnote=| ev_footnote=}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Bill Clinton|William Jefferson Clinton]]| party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| state=[[Arkansas]]| pv=44,909,889| pv_pct=43.01%| ev=370| vp_name=[[Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.]]| vp_state=[[Tennessee]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[George H. W. Bush|George Herbert Walker Bush]] (Incumbent) |party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| state=[[Texas]]| pv=39,104,550| pv_pct=37.45%| ev=168| vp_name=[[James Danforth Quayle]]| vp_state=[[Indiana]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Henry Ross Perot]]| party=[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]| state=[[Texas]]| pv=19,743,821| pv_pct=18.91%| ev=0| vp_name=[[James Bond Stockdale]]| vp_state=California}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Andre Verne Marrou]]| party=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]| state=[[Alaska]]| pv=290,087| pv_pct=0.28%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Nancy Lord]]| vp_state=[[Nevada]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Bo Gritz]]| party=[[Populist Party (United States, 1984)|Populist]]| state=[[Nevada]]| pv=106,152| pv_pct=0.10%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Cyril Minett]]| vp_state=[[New Mexico]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name = [[Lenora Fulani]]| party=[[New Alliance Party]]| state=New York| pv=73,622| pv_pct=0.07%| ev=0|vp_name=[[Maria Elizabeth Muñoz]]|vp_state=California}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name= [[Howard Phillips (politics)|Howard Phillips]]| party=[[Constitution Party (United States)|U.S. Taxpayers Party]]| state=[[Virginia]]| pv=43,369| pv_pct=0.04%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Albion Knight, Jr.]]| vp_state=Florida}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box other| footnote=| pv=152,516| pv_pct=0.13%}} {{end U.S. presidential ticket box| pv=104,423,923| ev=538| to_win=270}} '''Source (Popular Vote):''' {{Leip PV source 2| year=1992| as of=August 7, 2005}} '''Source (Electoral Vote):''' {{National Archives EV source| year=1992| as of=August 7, 2005}} {{bar box | title = Popular vote | titlebar = #ddd | width = 600px | barwidth = 410px | bars = {{bar percent|'''Clinton'''|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|43.01}} {{bar percent|Bush|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|37.45}} {{bar percent|Perot|{{party color|Independent (US)}}|18.91}} {{bar percent|Marrou|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|0.28}} {{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.35}} }} {{bar box | title = Electoral vote | titlebar = #ddd | width = 600px | barwidth = 410px | bars = {{bar percent|'''Clinton'''|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|68.77}} {{bar percent|Bush|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|31.23}} }} [[File:ElectoralCollege1992-Large.png|upright=2.95|thumb|left]] <gallery perrow="3" widths="500px" heights="334px"> File:1992 United States presidential election results map by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote </gallery> === Results by state === <ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1992&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|title=1992 Presidential General Election Data – National|website=Uselectionatlas.org|access-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |+ Legend |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} |colspan=2| States/districts won by [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]/[[Al Gore|Gore]] |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |colspan=2| States/districts won by [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]]/[[Dan Quayle|Quayle]] |- | † || At-large results (For states that split electoral votes) |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;" |- ! colspan=2 | ! colspan=6 | Candidates with electoral votes (<small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>) ! colspan=6 | Candidates with no electoral votes ! colspan=4 | Overall popular vote |- ! colspan=2 | ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| Bill Clinton<br />Democratic ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| George H.W. Bush<br />Republican ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Ross Perot<br />Independent ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Andre Marrou<br />Libertarian ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Others ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Top-2 margin<br /><small>(+/− if won by {{abbr|D|Democrat}}/{{abbr|R|Republican}})</small> ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| State Total |- ! align=center | State ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % <!--! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>--> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % <!--! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>--> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % <!--! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | <small>{{abbr|E|electoral votes}}</small>--> ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| {{abbr|Vote|Popular votes}} ! |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Alabama|Alabama]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 690,080 | 40.88 | – | 804,283 | 47.65 | 9 | 183,109 | 10.85 <!--| –--> | 5,737 | 0.34 <!--| –--> | 4,851 | 0.29 <!--| –--> | −114,203 | −6.77 | 1,688,060 | style="text-align:center;" | AL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Alaska|Alaska]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 78,294 | 30.29 | – | 102,000 | 39.46 | 3 | 73,481 | 28.43 <!--| –--> | 1,378 | 0.53 <!--| –--> | 3,353 | 1.29 <!--| –--> | −23,706 | −9.17 | 258,506 | style="text-align:center;" | AK |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 543,050 | 36.52 | – | 572,086 | 38.47 | 8 | 353,741 | 23.79 <!--| –--> | 6,781 | 0.46 <!--| –--> | 11,348 | 0.76 <!--| –--> | −29,036 | −1.95 | 1,487,006 | style="text-align:center;" | AZ |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Arkansas|Arkansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 505,823 | 53.21 | 6 | 337,324 | 35.48 | – | 99,132 | 10.43 <!--| –--> | 1,261 | 0.13 <!--| –--> | 7,113 | 0.75 <!--| –--> | 168,499 | 17.73 | 950,653 | style="text-align:center;" | AR |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in California|California]] | style="text-align:center;" | 54 | 5,121,325 | 46.01 | 54 | 3,630,574 | 32.61 | – | 2,296,006 | 20.63 <!--| –--> | 48,139 | 0.43 <!--| –--> | 35,677 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 1,490,751 | 13.40 | 11,131,721 | style="text-align:center;" | CA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Colorado|Colorado]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 629,681 | 40.13 | 8 | 562,850 | 35.87 | – | 366,010 | 23.32 <!--| –--> | 8,669 | 0.55 <!--| –--> | 1,970 | 0.13 <!--| –--> | 66,831 | 4.26 | 1,569,180 | style="text-align:center;" | CO |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Connecticut|Connecticut]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 682,318 | 42.21 | 8 | 578,313 | 35.78 | – | 348,771 | 21.58 <!--| –--> | 5,391 | 0.33 <!--| –--> | 1,539 | 0.10 <!--| –--> | 104,005 | 6.43 | 1,616,332 | style="text-align:center;" | CT |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Delaware|Delaware]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 126,054 | 43.52 | 3 | 102,313 | 35.78 | – | 59,213 | 20.45 <!--| –--> | 935 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 1,105 | 0.38 <!--| –--> | 23,741 | 7.74 | 289,620 | style="text-align:center;" | DE |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia|D.C.]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 192,619 | 84.64 | 3 | 20,698 | 9.10 | – | 9,681 | 4.25 <!--| –--> | 467 | 0.21 <!--| –--> | 4,107 | 1.80 <!--| –--> | 171,921 | 75.54 | 227,572 | style="text-align:center;" | DC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Florida|Florida]] | style="text-align:center;" | 25 | 2,072,698 | 39.00 | – | 2,173,310 | 40.89 | 25 | 1,053,067 | 19.82 <!--| –--> | 15,079 | 0.28 <!--| –--> | 238 | 0.00 <!--| –--> | −100,612 | −1.89 | 5,314,392 | style="text-align:center;" | FL |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Georgia|Georgia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 1,008,966 | 43.47 | 13 | 995,252 | 42.88 | – | 309,657 | 13.34 <!--| –--> | 7,110 | 0.31 <!--| –--> | 148 | 0.01 <!--| –--> | 13,714 | 0.59 | 2,321,133 | style="text-align:center;" | GA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Hawaii|Hawaii]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 179,310 | 48.09 | 4 | 136,822 | 36.70 | – | 53,003 | 14.22 <!--| –--> | 1,119 | 0.30 <!--| –--> | 2,588 | 0.69 <!--| –--> | 42,488 | 11.39 | 372,842 | style="text-align:center;" | HI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Idaho|Idaho]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 137,013 | 28.42 | – | 202,645 | 42.03 | 4 | 130,395 | 27.05 <!--| –--> | 1,167 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 10,894 | 2.26 <!--| –--> | −65,632 | −13.61 | 482,114 | style="text-align:center;" | ID |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Illinois|Illinois]] | style="text-align:center;" | 22 | 2,453,350 | 48.58 | 22 | 1,734,096 | 34.34 | – | 840,515 | 16.64 <!--| –--> | 9,218 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | 12,978 | 0.26 <!--| –--> | 719,254 | 14.24 | 5,050,157 | style="text-align:center;" | IL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Indiana|Indiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 848,420 | 36.79 | – | 989,375 | 42.91 | 12 | 455,934 | 19.77 <!--| –--> | 7,936 | 0.34 <!--| –--> | 4,206 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | −140,955 | −6.12 | 2,305,871 | style="text-align:center;" | IN |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Iowa|Iowa]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 586,353 | 43.29 | 7 | 504,891 | 37.27 | – | 253,468 | 18.71 <!--| –--> | 1,076 | 0.08 <!--| –--> | 8,819 | 0.65 <!--| –--> | 81,462 | 6.02 | 1,354,607 | style="text-align:center;" | IA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Kansas|Kansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 390,434 | 33.74 | – | 449,951 | 38.88 | 6 | 312,358 | 26.99 <!--| –--> | 4,314 | 0.37 <!--| –--> | 199 | 0.02 <!--| –--> | −59,517 | −5.14 | 1,157,256 | style="text-align:center;" | KS |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky|Kentucky]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 665,104 | 44.55 | 8 | 617,178 | 41.34 | – | 203,944 | 13.66 <!--| –--> | 4,513 | 0.30 <!--| –--> | 2,161 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | 47,926 | 3.21 | 1,492,900 | style="text-align:center;" | KY |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 815,971 | 45.58 | 9 | 733,386 | 40.97 | – | 211,478 | 11.81 <!--| –--> | 3,155 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | 26,027 | 1.45 <!--| –--> | 82,585 | 4.61 | 1,790,017 | style="text-align:center;" | LA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Maine|Maine †]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 263,420 | 38.77 | 2 | 206,504 | 30.39 | – | 206,820 | 30.44 <!--| –--> | 1,681 | 0.25 <!--| –--> | 1,074 | 0.16 <!--| –--> | 56,600 | 8.33 | 679,499 | style="text-align:center;" | ME |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Maine's 1st congressional district|''Maine-1'']] |style="text-align:center;"|''1'' |''145,191''||''39.9''||''1''||''115,697''||''31.8''||–||''102,828''||''28.3''||–||–||–||–||''29,494''||''8.11''||''363,716''||''ME1'' |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Maine's 2nd congressional district|''Maine-2'']] |style="text-align:center;"|''1'' |''118,229''||''37.8''||''1''||''90,807''||''29.0''||–||''103,992''||''33.2''||–||–||–||–||''14,237''||''4.55''||''313,028''||''ME2'' |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Maryland|Maryland]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 988,571 | 49.80 | 10 | 707,094 | 35.62 | – | 281,414 | 14.18 <!--| –--> | 4,715 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 3,252 | 0.16 <!--| –--> | 281,477 | 14.18 | 1,985,046 | style="text-align:center;" | MD |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 1,318,662 | 47.54 | 12 | 805,049 | 29.03 | – | 632,312 | 22.80 <!--| –--> | 7,458 | 0.27 <!--| –--> | 10,093 | 0.36 <!--| –--> | 513,613 | 18.51 | 2,773,574 | style="text-align:center;" | MA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]] | style="text-align:center;" | 18 | 1,871,182 | 43.77 | 18 | 1,554,940 | 36.38 | – | 824,813 | 19.30 <!--| –--> | 10,175 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 13,563 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 316,242 | 7.39 | 4,274,673 | style="text-align:center;" | MI |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota|Minnesota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 1,020,997 | 43.48 | 10 | 747,841 | 31.85 | – | 562,506 | 23.96 <!--| –--> | 3,374 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | 13,230 | 0.56 <!--| –--> | 273,156 | 11.63 | 2,347,948 | style="text-align:center;" | MN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 400,258 | 40.77 | – | 487,793 | 49.68 | 7 | 85,626 | 8.72 <!--| –--> | 2,154 | 0.22 <!--| –--> | 5,962 | 0.61 <!--| –--> | −87,535 | −8.91 | 981,793 | style="text-align:center;" | MS |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Missouri|Missouri]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 1,053,873 | 44.07 | 11 | 811,159 | 33.92 | – | 518,741 | 21.69 <!--| –--> | 7,497 | 0.31 <!--| –--> | – | – <!--| –--> | 242,714 | 10.15 | 2,391,270 | style="text-align:center;" | MO |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Montana|Montana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 154,507 | 37.63 | 3 | 144,207 | 35.12 | – | 107,225 | 26.12 <!--| –--> | 986 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 3,658 | 0.89 <!--| –--> | 10,300 | 2.51 | 410,583 | style="text-align:center;" | MT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska|Nebraska †]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 217,344 | 29.40 | – | 344,346 | 46.58 | 2 | 174,687 | 23.63 <!--| –--> | 1,344 | 0.18 <!--| –--> | 1,562 | 0.21 <!--| –--> | −127,002 | −17.18 | 739,283 | style="text-align:center;" | NE |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Nebraska's 1st congressional district|''Nebraska-1'']] |style="text-align:center;" |1 |''80,696''||''32.6''||–||''107,081''||''43.2''||1||''59,974''||''24.2''||–||–||–||–||''-28,847''||''-10.6''||''247,751''||''NE1'' |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|''Nebraska-2'']] |style="text-align:center;" |1 |''78,701''||''32.4''||–||''115,255''||''47.5''||1||''48,657''||''20.1''||–||–||–||–||''-32,226''||''-15.1''||''242,613''||''NE2'' |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |style="text-align:center;"|[[Nebraska's 3rd congressional district|''Nebraska-3'']] |style="text-align:center;" |1 |''57,467''||''23.5''||–||''121,342''||''49.7''||1||''65,473''||''26.8''||–||–||–||–||''-55,869''||''-26.1''||''244,282''||''NE3'' |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Nevada|Nevada]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 189,148 | 37.36 | 4 | 175,828 | 34.73 | – | 132,580 | 26.19 <!--| –--> | 1,835 | 0.36 <!--| –--> | 6,927 | 1.37 <!--| –--> | 13,320 | 2.63 | 506,318 | style="text-align:center;" | NV |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 209,040 | 38.91 | 4 | 202,484 | 37.69 | – | 121,337 | 22.59 <!--| –--> | 3,548 | 0.66 <!--| –--> | 806 | 0.15 <!--| –--> | 6,556 | 1.22 | 537,215 | style="text-align:center;" | NH |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey|New Jersey]] | style="text-align:center;" | 15 | 1,436,206 | 42.95 | 15 | 1,356,865 | 40.58 | – | 521,829 | 15.61 <!--| –--> | 6,822 | 0.20 <!--| –--> | 21,872 | 0.65 <!--| –--> | 79,341 | 2.37 | 3,343,594 | style="text-align:center;" | NJ |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico|New Mexico]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 261,617 | 45.90 | 5 | 212,824 | 37.34 | – | 91,895 | 16.12 <!--| –--> | 1,615 | 0.28 <!--| –--> | 2,035 | 0.36 <!--| –--> | 48,793 | 8.56 | 569,986 | style="text-align:center;" | NM |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in New York|New York]] | style="text-align:center;" | 33 | 3,444,450 | 49.73 | 33 | 2,346,649 | 33.88 | – | 1,090,721 | 15.75 <!--| –--> | 13,451 | 0.19 <!--| –--> | 31,654 | 0.46 <!--| –--> | 1,097,801 | 15.85 | 6,926,925 | style="text-align:center;" | NY |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 14 | 1,114,042 | 42.65 | – | 1,134,661 | 43.44 | 14 | 357,864 | 13.70 <!--| –--> | 5,171 | 0.20 <!--| –--> | 112 | 0.00 <!--| –--> | −20,619 | −0.79 | 2,611,850 | style="text-align:center;" | NC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in North Dakota|North Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 99,168 | 32.18 | – | 136,244 | 44.22 | 3 | 71,084 | 23.07 <!--| –--> | 416 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | 1,221 | 0.40 <!--| –--> | −37,076 | −12.04 | 308,133 | style="text-align:center;" | ND |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]] | style="text-align:center;" | 21 | 1,984,942 | 40.18 | 21 | 1,894,310 | 38.35 | – | 1,036,426 | 20.98 <!--| –--> | 7,252 | 0.15 <!--| –--> | 17,034 | 0.34 <!--| –--> | 90,632 | 1.83 | 4,939,964 | style="text-align:center;" | OH |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 473,066 | 34.02 | – | 592,929 | 42.65 | 8 | 319,878 | 23.01 <!--| –--> | 4,486 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | – | – <!--| –--> | −119,863 | −8.63 | 1,390,359 | style="text-align:center;" | OK |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Oregon|Oregon]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 621,314 | 42.48 | 7 | 475,757 | 32.53 | – | 354,091 | 24.21 <!--| –--> | 4,277 | 0.29 <!--| –--> | 7,204 | 0.49 <!--| –--> | 145,557 | 9.95 | 1,462,643 | style="text-align:center;" | OR |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] | style="text-align:center;" | 23 | 2,239,164 | 45.15 | 23 | 1,791,841 | 36.13 | – | 902,667 | 18.20 <!--| –--> | 21,477 | 0.43 <!--| –--> | 4,661 | 0.09 <!--| –--> | 447,323 | 9.02 | 4,959,810 | style="text-align:center;" | PA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 213,299 | 47.04 | 4 | 131,601 | 29.02 | – | 105,045 | 23.16 <!--| –--> | 571 | 0.13 <!--| –--> | 2,961 | 0.65 <!--| –--> | 81,698 | 18.02 | 453,477 | style="text-align:center;" | RI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina|South Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 479,514 | 39.88 | – | 577,507 | 48.02 | 8 | 138,872 | 11.55 <!--| –--> | 2,719 | 0.23 <!--| –--> | 3,915 | 0.33 <!--| –--> | −97,993 | −8.14 | 1,202,527 | style="text-align:center;" | SC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in South Dakota|South Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 124,888 | 37.14 | – | 136,718 | 40.66 | 3 | 73,295 | 21.80 <!--| –--> | 814 | 0.24 <!--| –--> | 539 | 0.16 <!--| –--> | −11,830 | −3.52 | 336,254 | style="text-align:center;" | SD |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 933,521 | 47.08 | 11 | 841,300 | 42.43 | – | 199,968 | 10.09 <!--| –--> | 1,847 | 0.09 <!--| –--> | 6,002 | 0.30 <!--| –--> | 92,221 | 4.65 | 1,982,638 | style="text-align:center;" | TN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 32 | 2,281,815 | 37.08 | – | 2,496,071 | 40.56 | 32 | 1,354,781 | 22.01 <!--| –--> | 19,699 | 0.32 <!--| –--> | 1,652 | 0.03 <!--| –--> | −214,256 | −3.48 | 6,154,018 | style="text-align:center;" | TX |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Utah|Utah]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 183,429 | 24.65 | – | 322,632 | 43.36 | 5 | 203,400 | 27.34 <!--| –--> | 1,900 | 0.26 <!--| –--> | 32,637 | 4.39 <!--| –--> | −119,232 | −16.02 | 743,998 | style="text-align:center;" | UT |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Vermont|Vermont]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 133,592 | 46.11 | 3 | 88,122 | 30.42 | – | 65,991 | 22.78 <!--| –--> | 501 | 0.17 <!--| –--> | 1,495 | 0.52 <!--| –--> | 45,470 | 15.70 | 289,701 | style="text-align:center;" | VT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Virginia|Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 1,038,650 | 40.59 | – | 1,150,517 | 44.97 | 13 | 348,639 | 13.63 <!--| –--> | 5,730 | 0.22 <!--| –--> | 15,129 | 0.59 <!--| –--> | −111,867 | −4.38 | 2,558,665 | style="text-align:center;" | VA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|Washington]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 993,037 | 43.41 | 11 | 731,234 | 31.97 | – | 541,780 | 23.68 <!--| –--> | 7,533 | 0.33 <!--| –--> | 13,981 | 0.61 <!--| –--> | 261,803 | 11.44 | 2,287,565 | style="text-align:center;" | WA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 331,001 | 48.41 | 5 | 241,974 | 35.39 | – | 108,829 | 15.91 <!--| –--> | 1,873 | 0.27 <!--| –--> | – | – <!--| –--> | 89,027 | 13.02 | 683,677 | style="text-align:center;" | WV |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 1,041,066 | 41.13 | 11 | 930,855 | 36.78 | – | 544,479 | 21.51 <!--| –--> | 2,877 | 0.11 <!--| –--> | 11,837 | 0.47 <!--| –--> | 110,211 | 4.35 | 2,531,114 | style="text-align:center;" | WI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 68,160 | 34.10 | – | 79,347 | 39.70 | 3 | 51,263 | 25.65 <!--| –--> | 844 | 0.42 <!--| –--> | 270 | 0.14 <!--| –--> | −11,187 | −5.60 | 199,884 | style="text-align:center;" | WY |- ! {{sort|z|}}TOTALS: ! 538 ! 44,909,889 ! 43.01 ! 370 ! 39,104,550 ! 37.45 ! 168 ! 19,743,821 ! 18.91 <!--! –--> ! 290,087 ! 0.28 <!--! –--> ! 375,659 ! 0.36 <!--! –--> ! 5,805,256 ! 5.56 ! 104,423,923 ! style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|z|}}US |} ====Maine and Nebraska district results==== <sup>†</sup>Maine and Nebraska each allowed their electoral votes to be split between candidates using the Congressional District Method for electoral vote assignment. In both states, two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote was awarded to the winner of each congressional district.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |last2=Ujifusa |first2=Grant |title=The Almanac of American Politics 2000 |date=July 1999 |publisher=Crown Publishing Group}}</ref> District results for Maine and Nebraska do not include results for Marrou or other candidates and so totals differ from those for the states' at-large. Because Perot finished in 2nd place in some districts, the margins of the districts do not match the margin at-large. === Close states === States with margin of victory less than 1% (27 electoral votes): # <span style="color:blue;">'''Georgia – 0.59% (13,714 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''North Carolina – 0.79% (20,619 votes)'''</span> States/Districts with margin of victory less than 5% (175 electoral votes): # <span style="color:blue;">'''New Hampshire – 1.22% (6,556 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Ohio – 1.83% (90,632 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Florida – 1.89% (100,612 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Arizona – 1.95% (29,036 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''New Jersey – 2.37% (79,341 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Montana – 2.51% (10,300 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Nevada – 2.63% (13,320 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Kentucky – 3.21% (47,926 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Texas – 3.48% (214,256 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''South Dakota – 3.52% (11,830 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Colorado – 4.26% (66,831 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Wisconsin – 4.35% (110,211 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Virginia – 4.37% (111,867 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Maine's 2nd Congressional District – 4.54% (14,237 votes)'''</span> (margin over Ross Perot) # <span style="color:blue;">'''Louisiana – 4.61% (82,585 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Tennessee – 4.65% (92,221 votes)'''</span> (tipping point state) States with margin of victory between 5% and 10% (131 electoral votes): # <span style="color:red;">'''Kansas – 5.14% (59,517 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Wyoming – 5.60% (11,187 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Iowa – 6.02% (81,462 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Indiana – 6.12% (140,955 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Connecticut – 6.43% (104,005 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Alabama – 6.77% (114,203 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Michigan – 7.39% (316,242 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''South Carolina – 8.14% (97,993 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Maine's 1st Congressional District – 8.11% (29,494 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Delaware – 8.19% (23,741 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Maine – 8.33% (56,600 votes)'''</span> (margin over Ross Perot) # <span style="color:blue;">'''New Mexico – 8.56% (48,793 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Oklahoma – 8.63% (119,863 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Mississippi – 8.91% (87,535 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Pennsylvania – 9.02% (447,323 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Alaska – 9.17% (23,706 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Oregon – 9.95% (145,557 votes)'''</span> [https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm Source: New York Times President Map] ==== Statistics ==== <ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1992&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|title=1992 Presidential General Election Data – National|website=Uselectionatlas.org|access-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref> Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic) # '''<span style="color:blue;">Washington, D.C. 84.64%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Starr County, Texas]] 82.80%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Macon County, Alabama]] 82.78%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Duval County, Texas]] 79.56%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Jefferson County, Mississippi]] 79.39%</span>''' Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican) # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Jackson County, Kentucky]] 74.96%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Sioux County, Iowa]] 72.21%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Hansford County, Texas]] 69.08%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Ochiltree County, Texas]] 68.06%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Shelby County, Alabama]] 67.97%</span>''' Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Other) # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Loving County, Texas]] 46.88%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[San Juan County, Colorado]] 40.40%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Billings County, North Dakota]] 39.82%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Somerset County, Maine]] 38.95%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Esmeralda County, Nevada]] 37.67%</span>''' === Voter demographics === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! colspan=5 |Presidential vote in social groups (in percentage) |- |- ! Social group ! {{party shading/Democratic}}|Clinton ! {{party shading/Republican}}|Bush ! Perot ! % of<br/>total vote |- | Total vote | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 100 |- ! colspan=5|'''Party and ideology''' |- | Liberal Republicans | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right;" | 2 |- | Moderate Republicans | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 63 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 |- | Conservative Republicans | style="text-align:right;" | 5 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 82 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 |- | Liberal Independents | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 29 | style="text-align:right;" | 4 |- | Moderate Independents | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 |- | Conservative Independents | style="text-align:right;" | 17 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 53 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 |- | Liberal Democrats | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 85 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 | style="text-align:right;" | 5 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 |- | Moderate Democrats | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 76 | style="text-align:right;" | 9 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 |- | Conservative Democrats | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 |- ! colspan=5|'''Gender and marital status''' |- | Married men | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- | Married women | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- | Unmarried men | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 48 | style="text-align:right;" | 29 | style="text-align:right;" | 22 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 |- | Unmarried women | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 53 | style="text-align:right;" | 31 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 |- ! colspan=5|'''Race''' |- | White | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 84 |- | Black | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 83 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 |- | Hispanic | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 25 | style="text-align:right;" | 14 | style="text-align:right;" | 4 |- | Asian | style="text-align:right;" | 30 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 55 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 1 |- ! colspan=5|'''Religion''' |- | White Protestant | style="text-align:right;" | 32 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 47 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 46 |- | Catholic | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 44 | style="text-align:right;" | 35 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 29 |- | Jewish | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 80 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 | style="text-align:right;" | 9 | style="text-align:right;" | 3 |- | Born Again, religious right | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- ! colspan=5|'''Age''' |- | 18–29 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 34 | style="text-align:right;" | 22 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- | 30–44 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 38 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- | 45–59 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | 60 and older | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 50 | style="text-align:right;" | 38 | style="text-align:right;" | 12 | style="text-align:right;" | 24 |- ! colspan=5|'''Education''' |- | Not a high school graduate | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:right;" | 18 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 |- | High school graduate | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 36 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 24 |- | Some college education | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 27 |- | College graduate | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | Post graduate education | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 50 | style="text-align:right;" | 36 | style="text-align:right;" | 14 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- ! colspan=5|'''Family income''' |- | Under $15,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 58 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 |- | $15,000–29,999 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 45 | style="text-align:right;" | 35 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 27 |- | $30,000–49,999 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 41 | style="text-align:right;" | 38 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | $50,000-$75,000 | style="text-align:right;" | 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 |- | Over $75,000 | style="text-align:right;" | 36 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 48 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 |- ! colspan=5|'''Region''' |- | East | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 47 | style="text-align:right;" | 35 | style="text-align:right;" | 18 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 |- | Midwest | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 37 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | South | style="text-align:right;" | 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 |- | West | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 34 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 |- ! colspan=5|'''Community size''' |- | Population over 500,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 58 | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 |- | Population 50,000 to 500,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 50 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 |- | Suburbs | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 | style="text-align:right;" | 39 |- | Rural areas, towns | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 |} '''Source:''' [[Voter News Service]] [[exit poll]], reported in ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 10, 1996, 28. == See also == * [[Newspaper endorsements in the 1992 United States presidential election]] * [[Chicken George (politics)|Chicken George]] * "[[Giant sucking sound]]" * "[[It's the economy, stupid]]" * "[[Read my lips: no new taxes]]" * [[1992 United States gubernatorial elections]] * [[1992 United States Senate elections]] * [[1992 United States House of Representatives elections]] * [[First inauguration of Bill Clinton]] == References == {{Reflist|30em}} * {{cite web| url=http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/bridge.htm| title=Outline of U.S. History: Chapter 15: Bridge to the 21st century| work=Official web site of the U.S. Department of State| access-date=December 10, 2005| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214030614/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/bridge.htm| archive-date=December 14, 2005| df=mdy-all}} ** Bulk of article text as of January 9, 2003 copied from this page, when it was located at <nowiki>http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/history/ch13.htm#1992</nowiki> and titled "An Outline of American History: Chapter 13: Toward the 21st century". ** An {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm |date=November 3, 2004 |title=archival version of this page is available }} ** This page is in the public domain as a government publication. == Further reading == {{Further|Ross Perot#Further reading}} * {{Citation |doi=10.2307/2960276 |last=Abramowitz |first=Alan I. |year=1995 |title=It's Abortion, Stupid: Policy Voting in the 1992 Presidential Election |journal=Journal of Politics |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=176–186 |issn=0022-3816 |jstor=2960276 |s2cid=155087138 }} * {{Citation |first1=Herbert E. |last1=Alexander |first2=Anthony |last2=Corrado |year=1995 |title=Financing the 1992 Election |publisher=Sharpe |location=Armonk |isbn=978-1-56324-437-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/financing1992ele0000alex }} * Buell Jr, Emmett H. "The 1992 Elections." ''Journal of Politics'' (1994): 1133-1144; reviews leading political science studies of the election * Ceaser, James, and Andrew Busch. ''Upside Down and Inside Out: The 1992 Elections and American Politics'' (1993). * Crotty, William, ed. ''America's Choice: The Election of 1992'' (1993) * {{citation |last=DeFrank |first=Thomas M. |title=Quest for the Presidency, 1992 |year=1994 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |location=College Station |isbn=978-0-89096-644-0 |display-authors=etal}} * {{Citation| first1=Rodolfo O.| last1=De la Garza| first2=Louis| last2=Desipio| year=1996| title=Ethnic Ironies: Latino Politics in the 1992 Elections| publisher=Westview| location=Boulder| isbn=978-0-8133-8910-3| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicironieslat0000unse}} * Doherty, Kathryn M., and James G. Gimpel. "Candidate Character vs. the Economy in the 1992 Election." ''Political Behavior'' 19.3 (1997): 177-196. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James_Gimpel/publication/225228184_Candidate_Character_vs_The_Economy_in_the_1992_Election/links/5ce48ef6458515712eba605a/Candidate-Character-vs-The-Economy-in-the-1992-Election.pdf online] * Germond, Jack, and Jules Witcover. ''Mad As Hell: Revolt at the Ballot Box, 1992'' (1993). [https://archive.org/details/madashellrevolta00germ online] * Goldman, Peter. et al. ''Quest for the Presidency 1992'' (1994) 805pp. * Herron, Michael C., et al. "Measurement of political effects in the United States economy: A study of the 1992 presidential election." ''Economics & Politics'' 11.1 (1999): 51-81. * {{Citation|doi=10.2307/2991792 |last1=Lacy |first1=Dean |last2=Burden |first2=Barry C. |year=1999 |title=The Vote-Stealing and Turnout Effects of Ross Perot in the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election |journal=American Journal of Political Science |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=233–255 |jstor=2991792 }} * {{Citation| first=Bryan D.| last=Jones| year=1995| title=The New American Politics: Reflections on Political Change and the Clinton Administration |publisher=Westview |location=Boulder |isbn=978-0-8133-1972-8 }} * Kellstedt, Lyman A., et al. "Religious voting blocs in the 1992 election: The year of the evangelical?." ''Sociology of Religion'' 55.3 (1994): 307-326. [Kellstedt, Lyman A., et al. "Religious voting blocs in the 1992 election: The year of the evangelical?." Sociology of Religion 55.3 (1994): 307-326. online] * Klein, Jill Gabrielle. "Negativity in impressions of presidential candidates revisited: The 1992 election." ''Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin'' 22.3 (1996): 288-295. * Ladd, Everett Carll. "The 1992 vote for President Clinton: Another brittle mandate?." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 108.1 (1993): 1-28. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152483 online] * Lipset, Seymour Martin. "The significance of the 1992 election." ''PS: Political Science and Politics'' 26.1 (1993): 7-16. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/419496 online] * Nelson, Michael ed. ''The Elections of 1992'' (1993) * Nelson, Michael. ''Clinton's Elections: 1992, 1996, and the Birth of a New Era of Governance'' (2020) [https://www.amazon.com/Clintons-Elections-1992-Birth-Governance/dp/0700629173/ excerpt] * O'Mara, Margaret. ''Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century'' (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history * Ornstein, Norman J. "Foreign policy and the 1992 election." ''Foreign Affairs'' 71.3 (1992): 1-16. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045226 online] * Pomper, Gerald M. ed. ''The Election of 1992'' (1993). * Post, Jerrold M. "The Political psychology of the Ross Perot phenomenon." in ''The Clinton Presidency'' (Routledge, 2019. 37-56). * {{Citation| first=Tom.| last=Rosenstiel| year=1993| title=Strange Bedfellows: How Television and the Presidential Candidates Changed American Politics, 1992| publisher=Hyperion| location=New York| isbn=978-1-56282-859-2| url=https://archive.org/details/strangebedfellow00rose}} * {{Citation| first=Robert P.| last=Steed| year=1994| title=The 1992 Presidential Election in the South: Current Patterns of Southern Party and Electoral Politics |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport |isbn=978-0-275-94534-3 }} * Troy, Gil. "Stumping in the bookstores: A literary history of the 1992 presidential campaign." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' (1995): 697-710. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551506 online] * Weaver, David, and Dan Drew. "Voter learning in the 1992 presidential election: Did the “nontraditional” media and debates matter?." ''Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly'' 72.1 (1995): 7-17. ===Political commentary and campaign statements=== * Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele. ''America: What Went Wrong?'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/americawhatwentw00barl online]. * Clinton, Bill, and Al Gore. ''Putting People First: How We Can All Change America'' (1992) * Cramer, Richard Ben. ''What It Takes: The Way to the White House'' (1992). [https://archive.org/details/whatittakeswayt00cram online]. * Dionne, E. J. ''Why Americans Hate Politics'' (1992). [https://archive.org/details/whyamericanshate00dion online] * Duffy, Michael, and Dan Goodgame. ''Marching in Place: The Status Quo Presidency of George Bush'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/marchinginplaces00duff online]. * Edsall Thomas Byrne, and Mary D. Edsall. ''Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/chainreactionimp00edsa_0 online]. * Ehrenhalt, Alan. ''The United States of Ambition: Politicians, Power, and the Pursuit of Office'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesofam00ehre online]. * Gore, Al. ''Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit'' (1992). [https://archive.org/details/earthinbalancefo0000gore/page/n5/mode/2up online] * Greider, William. ''Who Will Tell the People: The Betrayal of American Democracy'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/whowilltellpeopl00grei online]. * Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. ''Dirty Politics: Deception, Distraction, and Democracy'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/dirtypoliticsdec00jami online]. * Perot, Ross. ''United We Stand: How We Can Take Back Our Country'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/unitedwestandhow00pero online]. * Phillips, Kevin. ''The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/politicsofrichpo1991phil online]. * Sabato, Larry J. ''Feeding Frenzy: How Attack Journalism Has Transformed American Politics'' (1991) [https://archive.org/details/feedingfrenzyhow00saba online] * Will, George F. ''Restoration: Congress, Term Limits and the Recovery of Deliberative Democracy'' (1992) [https://archive.org/details/restorationcongr00will online]. == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1992 The Election Wall's 1992 Election Video Page] * [http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1992.htm 1992 popular vote by counties] * [http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1992.txt 1992 popular vote by state] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1992 1992 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)] * [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/CampaignCommercials19 Presidential Campaign Commercials], [[C-SPAN]] * [http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1992 Campaign commercials from the 1992 election] * {{YouTube|wApxxm-vOgQ|Film footage of Gore speech on the election campaign trail}} * [https://www.c-span.org/video/?48269-1/strange-bedfellows ''Booknotes'' interview with Tom Rosenstiel on ''Strange Bedfellows: How Television and the Presidential Candidates Changed American Politics, 1992'', August 8, 1993.] * [http://www.countingthevotes.com/1992/ Election of 1992 in Counting the Votes] {{1992 United States presidential election}} {{State results of the 1992 U.S. presidential election}} {{1992 United States elections}} {{United States presidential elections}} {{US Third Party Election}} {{Bill Clinton}} {{Al Gore}} {{George H. W. Bush}} {{Dan Quayle}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1992 United States presidential election| ]] [[Category:Al Gore]] [[Category:Dan Quayle]] [[Category:Presidency of George H. W. Bush]] [[Category:George H. W. Bush]] [[Category:Bill Clinton]] [[Category:Ross Perot]] [[Category:November 1992 events in the United States]]'
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'@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}} {{Infobox election -| election_name = 1992 United States presidential election +| election_name = 1992 United States presidential election | country = United States | flag_year = 1992 @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ | turnout = 55.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/index.html |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref> {{increase}} 5.0 [[percentage point|pp]] | image_size = x160px -| image1 = Bill Clinton.jpg +| image1 = your mom.jpg | nominee1 = '''[[Bill Clinton]]''' | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) '
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'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wApxxm-vOgQ', 90 => 'https://www.c-span.org/video/?48269-1/strange-bedfellows', 91 => 'http://www.countingthevotes.com/1992/', 92 => 'http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566598005171', 93 => 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008109608' ]
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links)
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'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/18/us/the-1992-campaign-overview-poll-gives-clinton-a-post-perot-post-convention-boost.html', 77 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/16/magazine/the-republicans-can-they-get-it-together.html', 78 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/17/news/party-in-the-spotlight-bush-trails-to-varying-degrees-in-3-polls.html', 79 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/26/us/the-1992-campaign-bush-s-gains-from-convention-nearly-evaporate-in-latest-poll.html', 80 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/22/us/the-1992-campaign-clinton-takes-21-point-lead-over-president-in-a-new-poll.html', 81 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/30/us/1992-campaign-campaign-strategy-2-camps-regard-perot-revival-with-less-fear.html', 82 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/25/us/1992-campaign-overview-contest-tightens-perot-resurges-clinton-slips.html', 83 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/26/us/1992-campaign-overview-perot-says-he-quit-july-thwart-gop-dirty-tricks.html', 84 => 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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html)
'<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">52nd quadrennial U.S. presidential election</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="line-height: 1.5em; width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary" style="font-size: 125%;">1992 United States presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="line-height:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="line-height:130%;"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">&#8592;&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>November 2, 1993</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a>&#160;&#8594;</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="font-weight:normal;"><hr />538 members of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />270 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historical_polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections#1992_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical polling for United States presidential elections">Opinion&#160;polls</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5em;white-space:nowrap;">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center;">55.2%<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> <img alt="Increase" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5.0 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:center;"> <table style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>&#160; </td> <td style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3333FF;"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Your_mom.jpg" class="new" title="File:Your mom.jpg">File:Your mom.jpg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E81B23;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_(cropped_2).jpg" class="image"><img alt="George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped 2).jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/122px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="160" class="notpageimage" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1634" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DDDDBB;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:RossPerotColor.jpg" class="image"><img alt="RossPerotColor.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/RossPerotColor.jpg/120px-RossPerotColor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="notpageimage" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="856" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (United States)">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home&#160;state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running&#160;mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale">James Stockdale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral&#160;vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>370</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">168 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States&#160;carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>32 + <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">DC</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">18 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular&#160;vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>44,909,889</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">39,104,550 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">19,743,821 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>43.0%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">37.5% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">18.9% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:center;"><hr /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><div class="noresize" style="height: 202px; width: 348px; "><map name="ImageMap_ecc9866ab88da8f1"><area href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" shape="poly" 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United States presidential election in Vermont" title="1992 United States presidential election in Vermont" /><area href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="rect" coords="273,14,296,20" alt="1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" /></map><img alt="ElectoralCollege1992.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ElectoralCollege1992.svg/348px-ElectoralCollege1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="348" height="202" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ElectoralCollege1992.svg/522px-ElectoralCollege1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ElectoralCollege1992.svg/696px-ElectoralCollege1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" usemap="#ImageMap_ecc9866ab88da8f1" /><div style="margin-left: 328px; margin-top: -20px; text-align: left;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1992.svg" title="About this image"><img alt="About this image" src="/enwiki/w/extensions/ImageMap/resources/desc-20.png?15600" style="border: none;" /></a></div></div></div></div><div>Presidential election results map. <span style="color:blue;">Blue</span> denotes states won by Clinton/Gore and <span style="color:red;">red</span> denotes those won by Bush/Quayle. Numbers indicate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_votes" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral votes">electoral votes</a> cast by each state and the District of Columbia.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:center;"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a><br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a><br /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_(cropped_2).jpg" class="image"><img alt="George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped 2).jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/75px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1634" /></a></td> <td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><div style="font-size:88%; line-height:normal;"><span style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush"><span style="color: #FFF">George H. W. Bush</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George H. W. Bush">Electoral history</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Pre-vice presidency</div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Texas&#39;s 7th congressional district">U.S. Representative for Texas's 7th</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_United_States" title="Ambassadors of the United States">U.S. Ambassador</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">U.N.</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_China#List_of_Chiefs_of_the_U.S._Liaison_Office_in_Beijing" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to China">China</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_National_Committee#Chairs_of_the_Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Chair of the RNC</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">43rd Vice President of the United States</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush#Vice_Presidency_(1981–1989)" title="George H. W. Bush">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">first inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan">second inauguration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan">Reagan assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">41st President of the United States</div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inauguration_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Inauguration of George H. W. Bush">Inauguration</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Policies</div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States#The_George_H._W._Bush_Administration_(1989–1993)" title="Environmental policy of the United States">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George H. W. Bush">international trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George H. W. Bush">Pardons</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Appointments</div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush#Administration" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">Judiciary</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Tenure</div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thousand_points_of_light" title="Thousand points of light">Thousand points of light</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Points_of_Light" title="Points of Light">foundation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unified_Task_Force" title="Unified Task Force">Operation Restore Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">NAFTA</a></li> <li>Timeline <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1989)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1989)">'89</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1990)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1990)">'90</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1991)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1991)">'91</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1992%E2%80%93January_1993)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1992–January 1993)">'92–'93</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush#1980_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush">1980</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1988_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">"No new taxes"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1988 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Post-presidency</div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H.W._Bush_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George H. W. Bush">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_George_H._W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by George H. W. Bush">Honors and awards</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bush_School_of_Government_and_Public_Service" title="Bush School of Government and Public Service">Bush School of Government</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush&#39;s signature"><img alt="George H. W. Bush&#39;s signature" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/George_HW_Bush_Signature.svg/130px-George_HW_Bush_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="42" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/George_HW_Bush_Signature.svg/195px-George_HW_Bush_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/George_HW_Bush_Signature.svg/260px-George_HW_Bush_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="132" /></a><br /> </p> <img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:George_H._W._Bush_serie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:George H. W. Bush serie (page does not exist)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:George_H._W._Bush_serie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:George H. W. Bush serie (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:George_H._W._Bush_serie&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1992 United States presidential election</b> was the 52nd quadrennial <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">presidential election</a>, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> Governor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> defeated incumbent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, independent businessman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and a number of minor candidates. The election marked the end of a period of Republican dominance in American politics that began in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>, and also marked the end of 12 years of Republican rule of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Until <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, this would be the last time the incumbent president failed to win a second term. </p><p>Bush had alienated many of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatives</a> in his party by breaking his 1988 campaign <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">pledge against raising taxes</a>, but he fended off a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">primary challenge</a> from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">paleoconservative</a> commentator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a>. Bush's popularity following his success in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> dissuaded high-profile Democratic candidates like <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Mario Cuomo</a> from entering the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1992 Democratic primaries</a>. Clinton, a leader of the centrist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council">Democratic Leadership Council</a>, established himself as the front-runner for the Democratic nomination by sweeping the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a> primaries. He defeated former Governor of California <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a>, and other candidates to win his party's nomination, and chose <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> as his running mate. Billionaire Ross Perot launched <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign">an independent campaign</a>, emphasizing his opposition to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> and his plan to reduce the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">national debt</a>. </p><p>The economy had recovered from a recession in the spring of 1991, followed by 19 consecutive months of economic growth, but perceptions of the economy's slow growth harmed Bush, for he had inherited a substantial economic boom from his predecessor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. Bush's greatest strength, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a>, was regarded as much less important following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> and the end of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, as well as the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the Gulf War. Perot led in several polls taken in June 1992, but severely damaged his candidacy by temporarily dropping out of the race in July. The Bush campaign criticized Clinton's character and emphasized Bush's foreign policy successes, while Clinton <a href="/enwiki/wiki/It%27s_the_economy,_stupid" title="It&#39;s the economy, stupid">focused on the economy</a>. </p><p>Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote and a majority of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral vote</a>, breaking a streak of three consecutive Republican victories. He won states in every region of the country; he swept the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West Coast</a>, marking the start of Democratic dominance in both regions in both presidential and statewide elections. Clinton also performed well in the eastern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mountain_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain States">Mountain West</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>, and parts of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">South</a>. This election was the first time a Democrat had won the presidency without <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">its statehood</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1844 United States presidential election in North Carolina">1844</a>. This was the last time a presidential candidate won an election without winning the battleground state of Florida until <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, as Clinton went on to carry Florida when he won reelection in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a>. This was also the last time to date that the state of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> voted Democratic in a presidential election, and the last time until 2020 that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> did so. Clinton flipped a total of 22 states that had voted Republican in the election of 1988. Clinton would win with the smallest vote share of the national vote since Woodrow Wilson in 1912, when the Republican Party experienced a drastic split. </p><p>Along with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a>), and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>), Bush is one of four incumbent presidents since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to lose a bid for a second term. </p><p>Perot won 18.9% of the popular vote, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_third_party_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third party performances in United States presidential elections">highest share</a> of the vote won by a candidate outside of the two major parties since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>. Although he failed to win any electoral votes, he beat either main candidate in some states and found significant support in every state, resulting in no state giving an absolute majority to any candidate except Clinton's home state of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a>. As such, this is the final election to date in which the Democratic nominee won less than 50% of the vote in California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont; and in which the Republican nominee won less than 50% in Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Kansas, and Nebraska. It is also the third and final election since the Civil War in which a Republican or Democratic nominee failed to break 50% in a single state, the first two being <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a>. As of 2022, this is the last time that either a Democratic or Republican candidate received less than 40% of the popular vote. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Nominations"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Nominations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Democratic_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Democratic Party nomination</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Republican_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Republican Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Ross_Perot"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ross Perot</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Minor_parties_and_independents"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Minor parties and independents</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Libertarian_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Libertarian Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#New_Alliance_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">New Alliance Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Natural_Law_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Natural Law Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#U.S._Taxpayers&#39;_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. Taxpayers' Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Populist_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Populist Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Lyndon_LaRouche&#39;s_candidacy"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Lyndon LaRouche's candidacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Socialist_Workers&#39;_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Socialist Workers' Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Ron_Daniels_candidacy"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Ron Daniels candidacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Other_nominations"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.9</span> <span class="toctext">Other nominations</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#General_election"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">General election</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Campaign"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Campaign</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Presidential_debates"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential debates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Character_issues"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Character issues</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Results"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Results</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Analysis"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Analysis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Implications"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Implications</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Detailed_results"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Detailed results</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Results_by_state"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Results by state</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Maine_and_Nebraska_district_results"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Maine and Nebraska district results</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Close_states"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Close states</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Statistics"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Statistics</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Voter_demographics"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Voter demographics</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Political_commentary_and_campaign_statements"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Political commentary and campaign statements</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Nominations">Nominations</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Democratic_Party_nomination">Democratic Party nomination</span></h3> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><img alt="Democratic Party (United States)" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticLogo.svg/65px-DemocraticLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="63" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticLogo.svg/98px-DemocraticLogo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticLogo.svg/130px-DemocraticLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1170" /></a></div></div><big><b>1992 Democratic Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton"><span style="color:white">Bill Clinton</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore"><span style="color:white">Al Gore</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bill_clinton_1987.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Bill clinton 1987.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bill_clinton_1987.jpg/147px-Bill_clinton_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="209" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="275" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Sengore.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Sengore.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sengore.jpg/160px-Sengore.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="196" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="612" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Arkansas" title="List of governors of Arkansas">40th and 42nd</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governor_of_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Arkansas">Governor of Arkansas</a><br /><small>(1979–1981, 1983–1992)</small> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a><br /><small>(1985–1993)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Clinton_Gore_1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="Clinton Gore 1992.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Clinton_Gore_1992.svg/200px-Clinton_Gore_1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Clinton_Gore_1992.svg/300px-Clinton_Gore_1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Clinton_Gore_1992.svg/400px-Clinton_Gore_1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="290" /></a></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <center><b>Democratic candidates:</b></center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106.66666666667px"><div style="width: 106.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104.66666666667px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Jerry_Brown_in_1978_crop.jpg" class="image" title="Former Governor Jerry Brown of California"><img alt="Former Governor Jerry Brown of California" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Jerry_Brown_in_1978_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="160" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="201" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></b><br />of California</div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"><div style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Senator_Paul_Tsongas.jpg" class="image" title="Former Senator Paul Tsongas from Massachusetts"><img alt="Former Senator Paul Tsongas from Massachusetts" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Senator_Paul_Tsongas.jpg/192px-Senator_Paul_Tsongas.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" data-file-width="3357" data-file-height="4198" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a></b><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"><div style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Senator_Bob_Kerrey.jpg" class="image" title="Senator Bob Kerrey from Nebraska"><img alt="Senator Bob Kerrey from Nebraska" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Senator_Bob_Kerrey.jpg/190px-Senator_Bob_Kerrey.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="160" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="610" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Senator<br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Kerrey" title="Bob Kerrey">Bob Kerrey</a></b><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"><div style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Tom_Harkin_portrait.jpg" class="image" title="Senator Tom Harkin from Iowa"><img alt="Senator Tom Harkin from Iowa" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tom_Harkin_portrait.jpg/189px-Tom_Harkin_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="160" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1234" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Senator<br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a></b><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"><div style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Douglas_Wilder_2003_NIH.jpg" class="image" title="Governor Douglas Wilder of Virginia"><img alt="Governor Douglas Wilder of Virginia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Douglas_Wilder_2003_NIH.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="160" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="177" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a></b><br />of Virginia</div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"><div style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:EugeneMcCarthy.jpg" class="image" title="Former Senator Eugene McCarthy from Minnesota"><img alt="Former Senator Eugene McCarthy from Minnesota" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/EugeneMcCarthy.jpg/192px-EugeneMcCarthy.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1501" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></b><br />from Minnesota</div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 133.33333333333px"><div style="width: 133.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 131.33333333333px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Patschroeder.jpg" class="image" title="Representative Pat Schroeder from Colorado"><img alt="Representative Pat Schroeder from Colorado" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patschroeder.jpg/197px-Patschroeder.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="160" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="2658" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></b><br />from Colorado</div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"><div style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Official_City_Portrait_of_Larry_Agran.jpg" class="image" title="Former Mayor of Irvine, California Larry Agran from California"><img alt="Former Mayor of Irvine, California Larry Agran from California" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Official_City_Portrait_of_Larry_Agran.jpg/188px-Official_City_Portrait_of_Larry_Agran.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="160" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="255" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former Mayor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a> <br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Agran" title="Larry Agran">Larry Agran</a></b><br />from California</div> </div> </div></li> </ul> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span></h4> <p>Following the successful performance by U.S. and coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War, President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>'s approval ratings were 89%. His re-election was considered very likely; several high-profile candidates, such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Mario Cuomo</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> refused to seek the Democratic nomination. Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> refused to seek the nomination due to the fact his son had been struck by a car and was undergoing surgery and physical therapy. However, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Agran" title="Larry Agran">Larry Agran</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Kerrey" title="Bob Kerrey">Bob Kerrey</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> chose to run as candidates. </p><p>U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (Iowa) ran as a populist liberal with labor union support. Former U.S. Senator Paul Tsongas (Mass.) highlighted his political independence and fiscal conservatism. Former California Governor Jerry Brown, who had run for the Democratic nomination in 1976 and 1980, declared a significant reform agenda, including Congressional <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limits</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a>, and the adoption of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flat_tax" title="Flat tax">flat income tax</a>. Nebraska Senator Bob Kerrey was an attractive candidate based on his business and military background, but made several gaffes on the campaign trail. Arkansas Governor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> positioned himself as a centrist, or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Democrats" title="New Democrats">New Democrat</a>. He was relatively unknown nationally before the primary season. That quickly changed however, when <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gennifer_Flowers" title="Gennifer Flowers">Gennifer Flowers</a> alleged an extramarital affair. Clinton denied the story, appearing on <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i> with his wife, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>; in 1998, he admitted the affair.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The primary began with Harkin winning his native Iowa as expected. Tsongas won the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire primary</a> on February 18, but Clinton's second-place finish, helped by his speech labeling himself "The Comeback Kid," energized his campaign. Brown won the Maine caucus and Kerrey won <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>. Clinton won his first primary in Georgia. Tsongas won the Utah and Maryland primaries and a caucus in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. Harkin won caucuses in Idaho and Minnesota while Jerry Brown won Colorado. Kerrey dropped out two days later. Clinton won the South Carolina and Wyoming primaries and Tsongas won Arizona. Harkin dropped out. Brown won the Nevada caucus. Clinton swept nearly all of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a> primaries on March 10 making him the solid front runner. Clinton won the Michigan and Illinois primaries. Tsongas dropped out after finishing 3rd in Michigan. Brown, however, began to pick up steam, aided by using a phone number to receive funding from small donors. Brown scored surprising wins in Connecticut, Vermont and Alaska. As the race moved to the primaries in New York and Wisconsin, Brown had taken the lead in polls in both states. Then he made a serious gaffe by announcing to an audience of New York City's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-American">Jewish</a> community that he would consider Reverend <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> as a vice presidential candidate; Jackson had offended many Jewish people with remarks he had made during his own presidential campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-aims_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aims-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Clinton won dramatically in New York (41%–26%) and closely in Wisconsin (37%–34%). Clinton then proceeded to win a long streak of primaries leading up to Brown's home state of California. Clinton won this state 48% to 41% and secured the delegates needed to lock the nomination. </p><p>The convention met in New York City, and the official tally was: </p> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> 3,372</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a> 596</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a> 289</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_P._Casey" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert P. Casey">Robert P. Casey</a> 10</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a> 5</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Agran" title="Larry Agran">Larry Agran</a> 3</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> 1</li></ul> <p>Clinton chose U.S. Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>) to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. Choosing fellow Southerner Gore went against the popular strategy of balancing a Southern candidate with a Northern partner. Gore served to balance the ticket in other ways, as he was perceived as strong on family values and environmental issues, while Clinton was not.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> Also, Gore's similarities to Clinton allowed him to push some of his key campaign themes, such as centrism and generational change.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Republican_Party_nomination">Republican Party nomination</span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">1992 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)"><img alt="Republican Party (United States)" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Republicanlogo.svg/65px-Republicanlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="56" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Republicanlogo.svg/98px-Republicanlogo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Republicanlogo.svg/130px-Republicanlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="521" /></a></div></div><big><b>1992 Republican Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush"><span style="color:white">George H. W. Bush</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle"><span style="color:white">Dan Quayle</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/152px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2100" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Dan_Quayle_crop.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Dan Quayle crop.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dan_Quayle_crop.jpg/154px-Dan_Quayle_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" data-file-width="1675" data-file-height="2175" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">41st</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1989–1993)</small> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">44th</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1989–1993)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">Campaign</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Bush_Quayle_%2792_logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="Bush Quayle &#39;92 logo.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bush_Quayle_%2792_logo.svg/200px-Bush_Quayle_%2792_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bush_Quayle_%2792_logo.svg/300px-Bush_Quayle_%2792_logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bush_Quayle_%2792_logo.svg/400px-Bush_Quayle_%2792_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="964" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <center><b>Republican candidates:</b></center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"><div style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pat_Buchanan_1985.jpg" class="image" title="White House Communications Director Pat Buchanan from Virginia"><img alt="White House Communications Director Pat Buchanan from Virginia" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pat_Buchanan_1985.jpg/216px-Pat_Buchanan_1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="160" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="291" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Director</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></b><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px"><div style="width: 124px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="image" title="President George H. W. Bush from Texas"><img alt="President George H. W. Bush from Texas" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/183px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="160" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2100" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">President<br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></b><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"><div style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rsz_davidduke_(cropped).jpg" class="image" title="State Representative David Duke from Louisiana"><img alt="State Representative David Duke from Louisiana" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rsz_davidduke_%28cropped%29.jpg/191px-Rsz_davidduke_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="389" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">State Representative</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></b><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></div> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"><div style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg" class="image" title="Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota"><img alt="Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg/192px-Harold_Stassen_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="538" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Governor_of_Minnesota" title="Governor of Minnesota">Governor</a><br /><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></b><br />of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></div> </div> </div></li> </ul> <p>Paleoconservative journalist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> was the primary opponent of President Bush; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a>, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a>'s presidential nominee in 1988, had planned to run against the President, but dropped out shortly after Buchanan's entry in December. Buchanan's best showing was in the New Hampshire primary on February 18, 1992—where Bush won by a 53–38% margin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> President Bush won 73% of all primary votes, with 9,199,463 votes. Buchanan won 2,899,488 votes; unpledged delegates won 287,383 votes, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grand_Wizard" title="Grand Wizard">Grand Wizard</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, won 119,115 votes. Just over 100,000 votes were cast for all other candidates, half of which were write-in votes for H. Ross Perot.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> Former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen, who had run for President 9 times since 1944, also mounted his final campaign. </p><p>President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and Vice President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> easily won renomination by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>. However, the success of the opposition forced the moderate Bush to move further to the right than in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">the previous election</a>, and to incorporate many socially conservative planks in the party platform. Bush allowed Buchanan to give a prime time address at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas, and his <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture war</a> speech alienated many moderates. </p><p>With intense pressure on the Buchanan delegates to relent, the tally for president went as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> 2166</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> 18</li> <li>former ambassador <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> 1</li></ul> <p>Vice President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> was renominated by voice vote. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ross_Perot">Ross Perot</span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign">Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="2"><big><b>Independent Ticket, 1992</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot"><span style="color:white">Ross Perot</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale"><span style="color:white">James Stockdale</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#90EE90;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ross_Perot_in_his_office_Allan_Warren_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Ross Perot in his office Allan Warren (cropped) (cropped).jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ross_Perot_in_his_office_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ross_Perot_in_his_office_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="764" /></a> </td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:US_Navy_050706-N-0000X-004_Vice_Admiral_James_Bond_Stockdale.jpg" class="image"><img alt="US Navy 050706-N-0000X-004 Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/US_Navy_050706-N-0000X-004_Vice_Admiral_James_Bond_Stockdale.jpg/156px-US_Navy_050706-N-0000X-004_Vice_Admiral_James_Bond_Stockdale.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" data-file-width="2636" data-file-height="3368" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>President and CEO of <br />Perot Systems<br /><small>(1988–2009)</small> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_Naval_War_College" title="President of the Naval War College">President of the Naval War College</a><br /><small>(1977–1979)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ross_Perot_1992_campaign_logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="Ross Perot 1992 campaign logo.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ross_Perot_1992_campaign_logo.svg/200px-Ross_Perot_1992_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="89" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ross_Perot_1992_campaign_logo.svg/300px-Ross_Perot_1992_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ross_Perot_1992_campaign_logo.svg/400px-Ross_Perot_1992_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="297" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofRossPerot1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ross Perot was on the ballot in every state; in six states <i>(Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Louisiana, Oregon, Pennsylvania)</i> Perot was placed on the ballot through the formation of a political party supporting his candidacy. His electoral performance in each of those states led to those parties being given ballot-qualified status.</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ross_Perot_7_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ross_Perot_7_Allan_Warren.jpg/200px-Ross_Perot_7_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="326" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2918" data-file-height="4752" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ross_Perot_7_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Businessman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> from Texas</div></div></div> <p>The public's concern about the federal budget deficit and fears of professional politicians allowed the independent candidacy of billionaire Texan <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> to explode on the scene in dramatic fashion—at one point Perot was leading the major party candidates in the polls.<sup id="cite_ref-PerotJuly_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PerotJuly-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> Perot crusaded against the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA), and internal and external national debt, tapping into voters' potential fear of the deficit. His volunteers succeeded in collecting enough signatures to get his name on the ballot in all 50 states. In June, Perot led the national public opinion polls with support from 39% of the voters (versus 31% for Bush and 25% for Clinton).<sup id="cite_ref-PerotJuly_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PerotJuly-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> Perot severely damaged his credibility by dropping out of the presidential contest in July and remaining out of the race for several weeks before re-entering. He compounded this damage by eventually claiming, without evidence, that his withdrawal was due to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> operatives attempting to disrupt his daughter's wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Perot and retired Vice Admiral <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale">James Stockdale</a> drew <b>19,743,821</b> votes (19% of the popular vote). </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Minor_parties_and_independents">Minor parties and independents</span></h3> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;font-size:big" colspan="30"><b>Minor party candidates, 1992</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"><span style="color:white">Libertarian</span> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"><span style="color:white">New Alliance</span> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"><span style="color:white">Natural Law</span> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"><span style="color:white">Populist</span> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"><span style="color:white">U.S. Taxpayers'</span> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8B0000; width:100px;"><span style="color:white">National Economic<br /> Recovery</span> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#F08080;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a></b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a></b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a></b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Phillips (politics)">Howard Phillips</a></b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a></b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Marrou-1988-Richmond.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Marrou-1988-Richmond.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Marrou-1988-Richmond.jpg/100px-Marrou-1988-Richmond.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="359" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lenora_Fulani.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Lenora Fulani.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lenora_Fulani.jpg/67px-Lenora_Fulani.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="873" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:John_S._Hagelin.jpg" class="image"><img alt="John S. Hagelin.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/John_S._Hagelin.jpg/87px-John_S._Hagelin.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="100" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="576" /></a></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Howard_Phillips_retusche.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Howard Phillips retusche.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Howard_Phillips_retusche.jpg/66px-Howard_Phillips_retusche.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="100" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="392" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Lyndon_LaRouche.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Lyndon LaRouche.jpg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lyndon_LaRouche.jpg/100px-Lyndon_LaRouche.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="518" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska State<br /> Representative</a><br /><small>(1985–1987)</small> </td> <td>Psychologist and <br />political activist </td> <td>Scientist<br />and researcher </td> <td>Conservative<br />political activist </td> <td>Conservative<br />political activist </td> <td>Political activist </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Libertarian_Party_nomination">Libertarian Party nomination</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofAndreMarrou1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Andre Marrou was on the ballot in every state.</div></div></div> <p>Libertarian candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">State Representative</a> and 1988 vice presidential nominee</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Boddie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard B. Boddie (page does not exist)">Richard B. Boddie</a>, political science professor from California</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1991_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1991 Libertarian National Convention">6th Libertarian Party National Convention</a> was held in Chicago, Illinois. There, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> nominated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">State Representative</a> and the Party's 1988 vice-presidential candidate, for President. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Lord" title="Nancy Lord">Nancy Lord</a> was his running mate. </p><p>Marrou and Lord drew 291,627 votes (0.28% of the popular vote). </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="New_Alliance_Party_nomination">New Alliance Party nomination</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofLenoraFulani1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Lenora Fulani was on the ballot in thirty-nine states <i>(352 Electoral Votes)</i>. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which she was an official write-in candidate.</div></div></div> <p>New Alliance candidate: </p> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a>, Psychotherapist and political activist from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, and the 1988 Presidential nominee</li></ul> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a>, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a>, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992. Unlike in 1988, Fulani failed to gain ballot access in every state, deciding to concentrate some of that campaign funding towards exposure of her candidacy and the Party to the national public. </p><p>Fulani also sought the endorsement of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a> of California, but despite winning a majority in that party's primary, she would lose the nomination to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Daniels_(politician)" title="Ronald Daniels (politician)">Ronald Daniels</a>, the former Director the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainbow/PUSH" title="Rainbow/PUSH">National Rainbow Coalition</a>. Rather than pursuing a ballot space of her own, Fulani would endorse Daniels's candidacy in California. </p><p>Fulani and her running mate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Elizabeth_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Maria Elizabeth Muñoz">Maria Elizabeth Muñoz</a> received 73,622 votes (0.1% of the popular vote). </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Natural_Law_Party_nomination">Natural Law Party nomination</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofJohnHagelin1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>John Hagelin was on the ballot in twenty-eight states <i>(264 Electoral Votes)</i>. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.</div></div></div> <p>The newly formed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a> nominated scientist and researcher <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a> for President and Mike Tompkins for Vice President. The Natural Law Party had been founded in 1992 by Hagelin and 12 others who felt that governmental problems could be solved more effectively by following "Natural Laws". The party platform included preventive health care, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. During this and future campaigns, Hagelin favored abortion rights without public financing, campaign finance law reform, improved gun control, a flat tax, the eradication of PACs, a ban on soft money contributions, and school vouchers. </p><p>The party's first presidential ticket appeared on the ballot in 28 states and drew 37,137 votes (&lt;0.1% of the popular vote). </p> <h4><span id="U.S._Taxpayers.27_Party_nomination"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._Taxpayers'_Party_nomination">U.S. Taxpayers' Party nomination</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofHowardPhillips1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Howard Phillips was on the ballot in twenty-one states <i>(215 Electoral Votes)</i>. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.</div></div></div> <p>U.S. Taxpayers' candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Phillips (politics)">Howard Phillips</a>, conservative political activist from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a>, conservative columnist from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> (declined interest)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gordon_J._Humphrey" title="Gordon J. Humphrey">Gordon J. Humphrey</a>, former Senator from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (declined interest)</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Taxpayers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Taxpayers Party">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a> ran its first presidential ticket in 1992, having only been formed the prior year. Initially <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Phillips (politics)">Howard Phillips</a> had hoped to successfully entice a prominent conservative politician, such as the former Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gordon_J._Humphrey" title="Gordon J. Humphrey">Gordon J. Humphrey</a> from New Hampshire, or even <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Patrick Buchanan</a> who at the time had only been mulling over running against President Bush (he would officially declare in December 1991). </p><p>No one, however, announced any intention to seek the Taxpayers Party nomination; Buchanan himself in the end endorsed President Bush at the Republican National Convention in Houston. Phillips had been unofficially nominated earlier in the year so as to allow the Party to be able to seek ballot access properly. While initially a temporary post, it was made permanent at the party's national convention, which was held in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> on September 4 and 5. At the convention, which was attended by delegates from thirty-two states and Washington, D.C., Phillips received 264 votes on the first ballot, while <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albion_W._Knight_Jr." title="Albion W. Knight Jr.">Albion Knight</a> was approved as his running mate by acclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 412">&#58;&#8202;412&#8202;</span></sup> </p><p>Earlier that year, in the June 2 California primary, Phillips had received 15,456 votes in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a> primary. On August 30, the American Independent Party voted to affiliate with the U.S. Taxpayers Party, an affiliation which continued until 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 378">&#58;&#8202;378&#8202;</span></sup> </p><p>Phillips and Knight drew 43,369 votes (&lt;0.1% of the popular vote). </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Populist_Party_nomination">Populist Party nomination</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofBoGritz1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Bo Gritz was on the ballot in eighteen states <i>(161 Electoral Votes)</i>. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.</div></div></div> <p>Populist candidate: </p> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a>, Former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">Special Forces</a> officer and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam_veteran" title="Vietnam veteran">Vietnam veteran</a></li></ul> <p>Former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">Special Forces</a> officer and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam_veteran" title="Vietnam veteran">Vietnam veteran</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a> was the nominee of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist Party</a>, facing virtually no opposition. Under the campaign slogan "God, Guns and Gritz" and publishing his political manifesto "The Bill of Gritz" (playing on his last name rhyming with "rights"), he called for staunch opposition to what he called "global government" and "The New World Order", ending all foreign aid, abolishing federal income tax, and abolishing the Federal Reserve System. During the campaign, Gritz openly proclaimed the United States to be a "Christian Nation", stating that the country's legal statutes "should reflect unashamed acceptance of Almighty God and His Laws". His run on the America First/Populist Party ticket was prompted by his association with another far-right political Christian talk radio host, Tom Valentine. During his campaign, part of Gritz's standard stump speech was an idea to pay off the National debt by minting a coin at the Treasury and sending it to the Federal Reserve. This predates the 2012 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trillion_dollar_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trillion dollar coin">trillion dollar coin</a> concept. </p><p>During August 1992, Gritz attracted national attention as mediator during the government standoff with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randy_Weaver" title="Randy Weaver">Randy Weaver</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ruby_Ridge" title="Ruby Ridge">Ruby Ridge</a>, Idaho. </p><p>He received 106,152 votes nationwide (0.1% of the popular vote). In two states he had a respectable showing for a minor third party candidate: Utah, where he received 3.8% of the vote and Idaho, where he received 2.1% of the vote. In some counties, his support topped 10%, and in Franklin County, Idaho, was only a few votes away from pushing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> into fourth place in the county. </p> <h4><span id="Lyndon_LaRouche.27s_candidacy"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Lyndon_LaRouche's_candidacy">Lyndon LaRouche's candidacy</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofLyndonLaRouche1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Lyndon LaRouche was on the ballot in seventeen states <i>(156 Electoral Votes)</i>. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.</div></div></div> <p>While officially running for the Democratic Presidential nomination, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> also decided to run as an Independent in the general election, standing as the <b>National Economic Recovery</b> candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> LaRouche was in jail at the time, having been convicted of conspiracy to commit mail fraud in December 1988; it was only the second time in history that the presidency was sought from a prison cell (after Socialist Party candidate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>, while imprisoned for his opposition to U.S. involvement in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, ran in 1920). His running-mate was <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a>, a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_child_prostitution_ring_allegations" title="Franklin child prostitution ring allegations">Franklin child prostitution ring allegations</a>. </p><p>In addition to the displayed states, LaRouche had nearly made the ballot in the states of New York and Mississippi. In the case of New York, while his petition was valid and had enough signatures, none of his electors filed declarations of candidacy; in the cases of Mississippi a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sore-loser_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sore-loser law">sore-loser law</a> was in place, and because he ran in that state's Democratic presidential primary he was ineligible to run as an Independent in the general. Ohio also had a sore-loser law, but it was ruled in Brown vs. Taft that it did not apply to presidential candidates. LaRouche and Beval drew 22,863 votes. (&lt;0.1% of the popular vote). </p> <h4><span id="Socialist_Workers.27_Party_nomination"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Socialist_Workers'_Party_nomination">Socialist Workers' Party nomination</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofJamesWarren1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>James Warren was on the ballot in thirteen states <i>(148 Electoral Votes)</i>. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.</div></div></div> <p>Socialist Workers candidate: </p> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">James Warren</a>, journalist and steel worker from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, and the 1988 Presidential nominee</li></ul> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">James Warren</a>, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a>, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party on the first of November 1991. Warren had two running mates that varied from state to state; <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Estelle_DeBates&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Estelle DeBates (page does not exist)">Estelle DeBates</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Willie Mae Reid</a>, the latter also a resident of Illinois. </p><p>Warren received 22,882 votes (&lt;0.1% of the popular vote). </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Ron_Daniels_candidacy">Ron Daniels candidacy</span></h4> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg/220px-BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg/330px-BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg/440px-BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:BallotAccessofRonDaniels1992.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ron Daniels was on the ballot in eight states <i>(126 Electoral Votes)</i>. Those states with a lighter shade are states in which he was an official write-in candidate.</div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Daniels_(politician)" title="Ronald Daniels (politician)">Ronald Daniels</a>, former director of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainbow/PUSH" title="Rainbow/PUSH">National Rainbow Coalition</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Daniels_(politician)" title="Ronald Daniels (politician)">Ronald Daniels</a> was the former executive director for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights">Center for Constitutional Rights</a>, the former director of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rainbow/PUSH" title="Rainbow/PUSH">National Rainbow Coalition</a>, and the worked on both of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>'s campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asiba_Tupahache" title="Asiba Tupahache">Asiba Tupahache</a>, a Native American activist from New York was his running-mate. </p><p>Though running an Independent campaign under the label <b>"Campaign for a Better Tomorrow"</b>, Daniels was endorsed by a number of third parties across the states, most notably the Peace and Freedom Party of California; though he had lost that party's presidential primary to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a>, the nominee of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a>, the delegates at its convention voted in favor of his candidacy 110–91, the only time it has ever nominated someone other than the winner of the primary. </p><p>Daniels and Tupachache drew 27,396 votes (&lt;0.1% of the popular vote). </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_nominations">Other nominations</span></h4> <p>The 1992 campaign also marked the entry of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> into presidential politics as a candidate. Despite the advice of several liberal and environmental groups, Nader did not formally run. Rather, he tried to make an impact in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primaries">New Hampshire primaries</a>, urging members of both parties to write-in his name.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> As a result, several thousand Democrats and Republicans wrote-in Nader's name. Despite supporting mostly liberal legislation during his career as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Consumer_advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer advocate">consumer advocate</a>, Nader received more votes from Republicans than Democrats. </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Worker's League</a> nominated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helen_Halyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Halyard">Helen Halyard</a> for President; she was the party's nominee for Vice President in 1984 and 1988. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fred_Mazelis" title="Fred Mazelis">Fred Mazelis</a> was nominated for Vice President. Halyard and Mazelis drew 3,050 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Michigan, New Jersey <i>(33 Electoral)</i> </p><p><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=John_A._Yiamouyiannis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John A. Yiamouyiannis (page does not exist)">John Yiamouyiannis</a>, a major opponent of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" title="Water fluoridation controversy">water fluoridation</a>, ran as an Independent under the label <b>"Take Back America"</b>. Allen C. McCone was his running-mate. Yiamouyiannis and McCone drew 2,199 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Tennessee <i>(33 Electoral)</i> </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a> nominated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/J._Quinn_Brisben" title="J. Quinn Brisben">J. Quinn Brisben</a> for President and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Garson" title="Barbara Garson">Barbara Garson</a> for Vice President. Brisben and Garson drew 2,909 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> DC, Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin <i>(30 Electoral)</i> </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grassroots_Party" title="Grassroots Party">Grassroots Party</a> nominated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Herer" title="Jack Herer">Jack Herer</a>, a noted cannabis activist for President and Derrick Grimmer for Vice President. Herer and Grimmer drew 3,875 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin <i>(28 Electoral)</i> </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a> nominated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a>, the party's chairman for President and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Ormsby_(politician)" title="George Ormsby (politician)">George Ormsby</a> for Vice President. Dodge and Ormsby drew 935 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Arkansas, New Mexico, Tennessee <i>(22 Electoral)</i> </p><p>Drew Bradford was an Independent candidate for the Presidency; he did not have a running-mate. Bradford drew 4,749 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> New Jersey <i>(15 Electoral)</i> </p><p>Eugene R. Hem was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label <b>"The Third Party"</b>. His running-mate was Joanne Roland. Hem and Roland drew 405 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Wisconsin <i>(11 Electoral)</i> </p><p>Delbert Ehlers was an Independent candidate for the Presidency. His running-mate was Rick Wendt. Ehlers and Wendt drew 1,149 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Iowa <i>(7 Electoral)</i> </p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Boren" title="James Boren">James Boren</a> was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label <b>"Apathy"</b>. His running-mate was Bill Weidman. Boren and Weidman drew 956 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Arkansas <i>(6 Electoral)</i> </p><p>Professor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a> was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label <b>"Looking Back"</b>. Her running-mate was her son, Walter Ray Masters. Masters drew 327 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Arkansas <i>(6 Electoral)</i> </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a> nominated Robert J. Smith for President and Doris Feimer for Vice President. However, for a time neither the Utah or South Carolina state parties would endorse the ticket. The American Party of South Carolina would ultimately endorse the candidacy of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Phillips (politics)">Howard Phillips</a>, the nominee of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._Taxpayers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Taxpayers Party">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a>, while the American Party of Utah would decide to endorse Smith. Smith and Feimer drew 291 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> Utah <i>(5 Electoral)</i> </p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a> nominated <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a> for President and Larry Holmes for Vice President. Initially the party had voted not to field a presidential candidate in 1992, but it was later found that the party would need to get at least half a percent of the vote in New Mexico in order to maintain its ballot access in that state. La Riva and Holmes drew 181 votes. </p><p><b>Ballot Access:</b> New Mexico <i>(5 Electoral)</i> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="General_election">General election</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Campaign">Campaign</span></h3> <p>After <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> secured the Democratic Party's nomination in the spring of 1992, polls showed Ross Perot leading the race, followed by President Bush and Clinton in third place after a grueling nomination process. Two-way trial heats between Bush and Clinton in early 1992 showed Bush in the lead.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> As the economy continued to sour and the President's approval rating continued to slide, the Democrats began to rally around their nominee. On July 9, 1992, Clinton chose Tennessee senator and former 1988 presidential candidate Al Gore to be his running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> As Governor Clinton's nomination acceptance speech approached, Ross Perot dropped out of the race, convinced that staying in the race with a "revitalized Democratic Party" would cause the race to be decided by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> Clinton gave his acceptance speech on July 16, 1992, promising to bring a "new covenant" to America, and to work to heal the gap that had developed between the rich and the poor during the Reagan/Bush years.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> The Clinton campaign received the biggest convention "bounce" in history<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> which brought him from 25 percent in the spring, behind Bush and Perot, to 55 percent versus Bush's 31 percent. </p><p>After the convention, Clinton and Gore began a bus tour around the United States, while the Bush/Quayle campaign began to criticize Clinton's character, highlighting accusations of infidelity and draft dodging. The Bush campaign emphasized its foreign policy successes such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert Storm">Desert Storm</a>, and the end of the Cold War. Bush also contrasted his military service to Clinton's lack thereof, and criticized Clinton's lack of foreign policy expertise. However, as the economy was the main issue, Bush's campaign floundered across the nation, even in strongly Republican areas,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup> and Clinton maintained leads with over 50 percent of the vote nationwide consistently, while Bush typically saw numbers in the upper 30s.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> As Bush's economic edge had evaporated, his campaign looked to energize its socially conservative base at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992 Republican National Convention</a> in Houston, Texas. At the convention, Bush's primary campaign opponent Pat Buchanan gave his famous "culture war" speech, criticizing Clinton's and Gore's social progressiveness, and voicing skepticism on his "New Democrat" brand. After President Bush accepted his renomination, his campaign saw a small bounce in the polls, but this was short-lived, as Clinton maintained his lead.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_26-08-1992_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_26-08-1992-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> The campaign continued with a lopsided lead for Clinton through September,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup> until Ross Perot decided to re-enter the race.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup> Ross Perot's re-entry in the race was welcomed by the Bush campaign, as Fred Steeper, a poll taker for Bush, said, "He'll be important if we accomplish our goal, which is to draw even with Clinton." Initially, Perot's return saw the Texas billionaire's numbers stay low, until he was given the opportunity to participate in a trio of unprecedented three-man debates. The race narrowed, as Perot's numbers significantly improved as Clinton's numbers declined, while Bush's numbers remained more or less the same from earlier in the race<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_25-10-1992_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_25-10-1992-26">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup> as Perot and Bush began to hammer at Clinton on character issues once again. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidential_debates">Presidential debates</span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1992 United States presidential debates">1992 United States presidential debates</a></div> <p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commission_on_Presidential_Debates" title="Commission on Presidential Debates">Commission on Presidential Debates</a> organized four presidential debates<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Debates among candidates for the 1992 U.S. presidential election</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Host </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Panelists </th> <th>Moderator </th> <th>Participants </th> <th>Viewership <p>(Millions) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td>P1 </td> <td>Sunday, October 11, 1992 </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sander_Vanocur" title="Sander Vanocur">Sander Vanocur</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ann_Compton" title="Ann Compton">Ann Compton</a><br />John Mashek </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Jim Lehrer</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">President George H. W. Bush</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Governor Bill Clinton</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Mr. Ross Perot</a> </td> <td>62.4<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VP </td> <td>Tuesday, October 13, 1992 </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Institute of Technology</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a> </td> <td>n/a </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hal_Bruno" title="Hal Bruno">Hal Bruno</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Vice President Dan Quayle</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Senator Al Gore</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale">Admiral James Stockdale</a> </td> <td>51.2<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P2 </td> <td>Thursday, October 15, 1992 </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a> </td> <td>n/a </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carole_Simpson" title="Carole Simpson">Carole Simpson</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">President George H. W. Bush</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Governor Bill Clinton</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Mr. Ross Perot</a> </td> <td>69.9<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P3 </td> <td>Monday, October 19, 1992 </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Lansing,_Michigan" title="East Lansing, Michigan">East Lansing, Michigan</a> </td> <td>Gene Gibbons<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helen_Thomas" title="Helen Thomas">Helen Thomas</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susan_Rook" title="Susan Rook">Susan Rook</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Jim Lehrer</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">President George H. W. Bush</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Governor Bill Clinton</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Mr. Ross Perot</a> </td> <td>66.9<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Character_issues">Character issues</span></h3> <p>Many character issues were raised during the campaign, including allegations that Clinton had <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Draft_dodging" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft dodging">dodged the draft</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, and had used <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">marijuana</a>, which Clinton claimed he had pretended to smoke, but "didn't inhale." Bush also accused Clinton of meeting with communists on a trip to Russia he took as a student. Clinton was often accused of being a philanderer by political opponents. </p><p>Allegations were also made that Bill Clinton had engaged in a long-term extramarital affair with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gennifer_Flowers" title="Gennifer Flowers">Gennifer Flowers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup> Clinton denied ever having an affair with Flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1992prescountymap2.PNG" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/1992prescountymap2.PNG/400px-1992prescountymap2.PNG" decoding="async" width="400" height="260" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="983" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1992prescountymap2.PNG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Election results by county<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#1560BD; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#E32636; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#00A550; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1992_Presidential_Election,_Results_by_Congressional_District.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/1992_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png/400px-1992_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="257" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="965" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1992_Presidential_Election,_Results_by_Congressional_District.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Results by congressional district.</div></div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Results">Results</span></h3> <p>On November 3, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> won the election to serve as the 42nd president of the United States by a wide margin in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>, receiving 43% of the popular vote against Bush's 37.4% and Perot's 18.9%. It was the first time since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a> that a candidate won the White House with under 50% of the popular vote. Only Washington, D.C. and Clinton's home state of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> gave the majority of their votes to a single candidate in the entire country; the rest were won by pluralities of the vote. </p><p>Even though Clinton roughly received 3.1 million more votes than Democratic nominee <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> had four years earlier, the Democrats recorded a 2.6 percentage point <i>decrease</i> in their share of the popular vote compared to 1988 due to the higher turnout. His 43% share of the popular vote was the second-lowest for any winning candidate in the 20th century after <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a> (41.8%). President Bush's 37.4% was the lowest percentage total for a sitting president seeking re-election since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>, also in 1912 (23.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> 1992 was, as the 1912 election was, a three-way race (that time between Taft, Wilson, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>). It was also the lowest percentage for a major-party candidate since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a> received 36.5% of the vote in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>. Bush had a lower percentage of the popular vote than even <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>, who was defeated in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a> (39.7%). However, none of these races included a major third candidate. Bush was the last president voted out of office after one term until <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, as Clinton, Bush’s son <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> were all re-elected to second terms in office. </p><p>Independent candidate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> received 19,743,821 with 18.9% of the popular vote. The billionaire used his own money to advertise extensively, and is the only third-party candidate ever allowed into the nationally televised <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._presidential_election_debates" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election debates">presidential debates</a> with both major party candidates (Independent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">John Anderson</a> debated Republican <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a>, but without Democrat <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, who had refused to appear in a three-man debate). Speaking about the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a>, Perot described its effect on American jobs as causing a "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giant_sucking_sound" title="Giant sucking sound">giant sucking sound</a>". For a period of time, Perot was leading in the polls,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup> but he lost much of his support when he temporarily withdrew from the election, only to declare himself a candidate again soon after. This was also the most recent time that a third-party candidate won at least one county. </p><p>Perot's almost 19% of the popular vote made him the most successful third-party presidential candidate in terms of popular vote since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> in the 1912 election. Also, his 19% of the popular vote was the highest ever for a candidate who did not win any <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_electoral_college" class="mw-redirect" title="United States electoral college">electoral votes</a>. Although he did not win any states, Perot managed to finish ahead of one of the two major party candidates in two states: In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, he received 30.44% of the vote to Bush's 30.39% (Clinton won Maine with 38.77%); in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, he collected 27.34% of the vote to Clinton's 24.65%. Bush won that state with 43.36%. He also came in 2nd in Maine's 2nd Congressional District where he had his best overall showing. He won 33.2% of the vote there and missed out on the district's 1 elector by only 4.5% of the vote. </p><p>The election was the most recent in which <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> voted for the Democratic candidate, the last time <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> backed the losing candidate and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> voted for the Democratic candidate until <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, and the last time that Colorado voted Democratic until 2008. This was also the first time since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>' admission to the Union in 1845 that a Democrat won the White House without winning the state, and the second time a Democrat won the White House without North Carolina (the first was 1844), and the second time since Florida's admission (also in 1845) that a Democrat won without winning the state (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> was the first). </p><p>Clinton was also the only Democrat at that point to win every electoral vote in the Northeast except for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1964">1964</a>. John Kerry and Barack Obama have been the only Democrats to repeat this since. Also, this was the first time since 1964 that the following nine states had voted Democratic: California, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. </p><p>The 168 electoral votes received by Bush, added to the 426 electoral votes he received in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a>, gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president only once (594), and the ninth largest number of electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president behind <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>'s 664, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s 697, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s 712, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s 749, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>'s 821, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>'s 899, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s 1,014 and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s 1,876 total electoral votes. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Analysis">Analysis</span></h3> <p>Several factors made the results possible. First, the campaign came on the heels of an economic slowdown. Exit polling showed that 75% thought the economy was in fairly or very bad shape while 63% thought their personal finances were better or the same as four years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup> The decision by Bush to accept a tax increase adversely affected his re-election bid. Pressured by rising <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deficit_spending" title="Deficit spending">budget deficits</a>, Bush agreed to a budget compromise with Congress which raised taxes and reduced the federal budget deficit. Clinton was able to condemn the tax increase effectively on both its own merits and as a reflection of Bush's dishonesty. Effective Democratic TV ads were aired showing a clip of Bush's 1988 acceptance speech in which he promised "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">Read my lips … No new taxes.</a>" Most importantly, Bush's coalition was in disarray, for both the aforementioned reasons and for unrelated reasons. The end of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> allowed old rivalries among conservatives to re-emerge and meant that other voters focused more on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Domestic_policy" title="Domestic policy">domestic policy</a>, to the detriment of Bush, a social and fiscal moderate. The consequence of such a perception depressed conservative turnout.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_11-11-1992_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_11-11-1992-34">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Unlike Bush, Clinton was able to unite his fractious and ideologically diverse party behind his candidacy, even when its different wings were in conflict. To garner the support of moderates and conservative Democrats, he attacked <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sister_Souljah" title="Sister Souljah">Sister Souljah</a>, an obscure <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">rap musician</a> whose lyrics Clinton condemned. Furthermore, Clinton made clear his support of the death penalty and would later champion making <a href="/enwiki/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">school uniforms</a> in public schools a requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_01-27-1996_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_01-27-1996-35">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup> Clinton could also point to his centrist record as governor of Arkansas. More liberal Democrats were impressed by Clinton's record on abortion and affirmative action. His strong connections to African Americans also played a key role. In addition, he organized significant numbers of young voters and became a symbol of the rise of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">Baby Boomer</a> generation to political power.<sup id="cite_ref-time_11-16-1992_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time_11-16-1992-36">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup> Supporters remained energized and confident, even in times of scandal or missteps. </p><p>The effect of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a>'s candidacy has been a contentious point of debate for many years. In the ensuing months after the election, various Republicans asserted that Perot had acted as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spoiler_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoiler effect">spoiler</a>, enough to the detriment of Bush to lose him the election. While many disaffected conservatives may have voted for Ross Perot to protest Bush's tax increase, further examination of the Perot vote in the Election Night exit polls not only showed that Perot siphoned votes nearly equally among Bush and Clinton,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup> but roughly two-thirds of those voters who cited Bush's broken "No New Taxes" pledge as "very important" (25%) voted for Bill Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> The voting numbers reveal that to win the electoral vote Bush would have had to win 10 of the 11 states Clinton won by less than five percentage points. For Bush to earn a majority of the popular vote, he would have needed 12.2% of Perot's 18.9% of the vote, 65% of Perot's support base.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup> State exit polls suggested that Perot did not alter the electoral college count, except potentially in one state (Ohio), which nonetheless showed a result in the margin of error.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup> Furthermore, Perot was most popular in states that strongly favored either Clinton or Bush, limiting his real electoral impact for either candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Perot gained relatively little support in the Southern states and happened to have the best showing in states with few electoral votes. Perot appealed to disaffected voters all across the political spectrum who had grown weary of the two-party system. NAFTA played a role in Perot's support, and Perot voters were relatively moderate on hot-button social issues.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup> A 1999 study in the <i>American Journal of Political Science</i> estimated that Perot's candidacy hurt the Clinton campaign, reducing "Clinton's margin of victory over Bush by seven percentage point."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup> In 2016, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a></i> stated that it was "unlikely" that Perot was a spoiler.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Clinton, Bush, and Perot did not focus on abortion during the campaign. Exit polls, however, showed that attitudes toward abortion "significantly influenced" the vote, as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Support_for_the_legalization_of_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Support for the legalization of abortion">pro-choice</a> Republicans defected from Bush.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Implications">Implications</span></h3> <p>According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seymour_Martin_Lipset" title="Seymour Martin Lipset">Seymour Martin Lipset</a>, this election had several unique characteristics. Voters felt that economic conditions were worse than they actually were, which harmed Bush. A rare event was a strong third-party candidate. Liberals launched a backlash against 12 years of a conservative White House. The chief factor was Clinton's uniting his party, and winning over a number of heterogeneous groups.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Clinton's election ended an era in which the Republican Party had controlled the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> for 12 consecutive years, and for 20 of the previous 24 years. The election also brought the Democrats full control of the legislative and executive branches of the federal government, including both houses of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> and the presidency, for the first time since the administration of the last Democratic president, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. This would not last for very long, however, as the Republicans won control of both the House and Senate in 1994. Reelected in 1996, Clinton would become the first Democratic President since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> to serve two full terms in the White House. </p><p>1992 was arguably a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_realignment" title="Political realignment">political realignment</a> election. It made the Democratic Party dominant in presidential elections in the Northeast, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> region (until <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>) and the West Coast, where many states had previously either been swing states or Republican-leaning. Clinton picked up several states that went Republican in 1988, and which have remained in the Democratic column ever since: California, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, most of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> (besides the state's second congressional district, which broke the state's total straight Democratic voting record since, when it voted for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in 2016), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. Vermont, carried by Clinton, had been heavily Republican for generations prior to the election, voting for a Democrat only once (in 1964).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup> The state has been won by the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since. Bill Clinton narrowly defeated Bush in New Jersey (by two points), which had voted for the Republican nominee all but twice since <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>. Clinton would later win the state in 1996 by eighteen points; like Vermont, Republicans have not won the state since.<sup id="cite_ref-AD100313_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AD100313-53">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup> California, which had been a Republican stronghold since 1952, was now trending Democratic. Clinton, a native Southerner, was able to carry several states in the South that the GOP had won for much of the past two decades, but ultimately won only four of eleven former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> states. This reflected the final shift of the South to the Republican Party. In subsequent presidential elections from 1996 to 2020, 28 out of the 50 states were carried by the same party as in 1992 (15 for the Democrats and 13 for the Republicans). </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Detailed_results">Detailed results</span></h2> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral<br />vote </th> <th colspan="3">Running mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Vice-presidential candidate </th> <th>Home state </th> <th>Electoral vote </th></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">William Jefferson Clinton</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,909,889 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">370 </td> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_Arnold_Gore,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.">Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">370 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George Herbert Walker Bush</a> (Incumbent)</b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,104,550 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.45% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">168 </td> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Danforth_Quayle" class="mw-redirect" title="James Danforth Quayle">James Danforth Quayle</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">168 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Ross_Perot" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ross Perot">Henry Ross Perot</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,743,821 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.91% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Bond_Stockdale" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond Stockdale">James Bond Stockdale</a></b> </td> <td>California </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andre_Verne_Marrou" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Verne Marrou">Andre Verne Marrou</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">290,087 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.28% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Lord" title="Nancy Lord">Nancy Lord</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">106,152 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.10% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Cyril_Minett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyril Minett (page does not exist)">Cyril Minett</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a> </td> <td>New York </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73,622 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.07% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Elizabeth_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Maria Elizabeth Muñoz">Maria Elizabeth Muñoz</a></b> </td> <td>California </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Phillips (politics)">Howard Phillips</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,369 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.04% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albion_Knight,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Albion Knight, Jr.">Albion Knight, Jr.</a></b> </td> <td>Florida </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>152,516 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <td>104,423,923 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>538 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>538 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="5">Needed to win </th> <td>270 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>270 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source (Popular Vote):</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeip" class="citation web cs1">Leip, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1992&amp;f=0&amp;off=0&amp;elect=0">"1992 Presidential Election Results"</a>. <i>Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&amp;rft.atitle=1992+Presidential+Election+Results&amp;rft.aulast=Leip&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1992%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> </p><p><b>Source (Electoral Vote):</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1992#certificates">"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Box+Scores+1789%E2%80%931996&amp;rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1992%23certificates&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Clinton</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:43.01%; overflow: hidden;">&#8201;</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">43.01%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Bush</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:37.45%; overflow: hidden;">&#8201;</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">37.45%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Perot</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DDDDBB; width:18.91%; overflow: hidden;">&#8201;</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.91%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Marrou</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FED105; width:0.28%; overflow: hidden;">&#8201;</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.35%; overflow: hidden;">&#8201;</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.35%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Clinton</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:68.77%; overflow: hidden;">&#8201;</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">68.77%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Bush</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:31.23%; overflow: hidden;">&#8201;</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">31.23%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:652px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1992-Large.png" class="image"><img alt="ElectoralCollege1992-Large.png" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ElectoralCollege1992-Large.png/650px-ElectoralCollege1992-Large.png" decoding="async" width="650" height="349" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="635" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1992-Large.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div></div></div></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1629px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"><div style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px;"><div style="margin:23.5px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:1992_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="image" title="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate&#39;s percentage of the vote"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate&#39;s percentage of the vote" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/1992_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/500px-1992_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="317" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/1992_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/750px-1992_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/1992_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/1000px-1992_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="352" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote </p> </div> </div></li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Results_by_state">Results by state</span></h3> <p><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Legend </caption> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td colspan="2">States/districts won by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td colspan="2">States/districts won by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush">Bush</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>†</td> <td>At-large results (For states that split electoral votes) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="6">Candidates with electoral votes (<small><abbr title="electoral votes">E</abbr></small>) </th> <th colspan="6">Candidates with no electoral votes </th> <th colspan="4">Overall popular vote </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Bill Clinton<br />Democratic </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">George H.W. Bush<br />Republican </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Ross Perot<br />Independent </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Andre Marrou<br />Libertarian </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Others </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Top-2 margin<br /><small>(+/− if won by <abbr title="Democrat">D</abbr>/<abbr title="Republican">R</abbr>)</small> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">State Total </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">State </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><small><abbr title="electoral votes">E</abbr></small> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""><abbr title="Popular votes">Vote</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><small><abbr title="electoral votes">E</abbr></small> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""><abbr title="Popular votes">Vote</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><small><abbr title="electoral votes">E</abbr></small> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""><abbr title="Popular votes">Vote</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""><abbr title="Popular votes">Vote</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""><abbr title="Popular votes">Vote</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""><abbr title="Popular votes">Vote</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""><abbr title="Popular votes">Vote</abbr> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1992 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>690,080 </td> <td>40.88 </td> <td>– </td> <td>804,283 </td> <td>47.65 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>183,109 </td> <td>10.85 </td> <td>5,737 </td> <td>0.34 </td> <td>4,851 </td> <td>0.29 </td> <td>−114,203 </td> <td>−6.77 </td> <td>1,688,060 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>78,294 </td> <td>30.29 </td> <td>– </td> <td>102,000 </td> <td>39.46 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>73,481 </td> <td>28.43 </td> <td>1,378 </td> <td>0.53 </td> <td>3,353 </td> <td>1.29 </td> <td>−23,706 </td> <td>−9.17 </td> <td>258,506 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AK </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>543,050 </td> <td>36.52 </td> <td>– </td> <td>572,086 </td> <td>38.47 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>353,741 </td> <td>23.79 </td> <td>6,781 </td> <td>0.46 </td> <td>11,348 </td> <td>0.76 </td> <td>−29,036 </td> <td>−1.95 </td> <td>1,487,006 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AZ </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>505,823 </td> <td>53.21 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>337,324 </td> <td>35.48 </td> <td>– </td> <td>99,132 </td> <td>10.43 </td> <td>1,261 </td> <td>0.13 </td> <td>7,113 </td> <td>0.75 </td> <td>168,499 </td> <td>17.73 </td> <td>950,653 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AR </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1992 United States presidential election in California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">54 </td> <td>5,121,325 </td> <td>46.01 </td> <td>54 </td> <td>3,630,574 </td> <td>32.61 </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,296,006 </td> <td>20.63 </td> <td>48,139 </td> <td>0.43 </td> <td>35,677 </td> <td>0.32 </td> <td>1,490,751 </td> <td>13.40 </td> <td>11,131,721 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="1992 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>629,681 </td> <td>40.13 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>562,850 </td> <td>35.87 </td> <td>– </td> <td>366,010 </td> <td>23.32 </td> <td>8,669 </td> <td>0.55 </td> <td>1,970 </td> <td>0.13 </td> <td>66,831 </td> <td>4.26 </td> <td>1,569,180 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CO </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1992 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>682,318 </td> <td>42.21 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>578,313 </td> <td>35.78 </td> <td>– </td> <td>348,771 </td> <td>21.58 </td> <td>5,391 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>1,539 </td> <td>0.10 </td> <td>104,005 </td> <td>6.43 </td> <td>1,616,332 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1992 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>126,054 </td> <td>43.52 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>102,313 </td> <td>35.78 </td> <td>– </td> <td>59,213 </td> <td>20.45 </td> <td>935 </td> <td>0.32 </td> <td>1,105 </td> <td>0.38 </td> <td>23,741 </td> <td>7.74 </td> <td>289,620 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">DE </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia">D.C.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>192,619 </td> <td>84.64 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>20,698 </td> <td>9.10 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,681 </td> <td>4.25 </td> <td>467 </td> <td>0.21 </td> <td>4,107 </td> <td>1.80 </td> <td>171,921 </td> <td>75.54 </td> <td>227,572 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">DC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1992 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 </td> <td>2,072,698 </td> <td>39.00 </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,173,310 </td> <td>40.89 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>1,053,067 </td> <td>19.82 </td> <td>15,079 </td> <td>0.28 </td> <td>238 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>−100,612 </td> <td>−1.89 </td> <td>5,314,392 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">FL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1992 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>1,008,966 </td> <td>43.47 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>995,252 </td> <td>42.88 </td> <td>– </td> <td>309,657 </td> <td>13.34 </td> <td>7,110 </td> <td>0.31 </td> <td>148 </td> <td>0.01 </td> <td>13,714 </td> <td>0.59 </td> <td>2,321,133 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">GA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="1992 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>179,310 </td> <td>48.09 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>136,822 </td> <td>36.70 </td> <td>– </td> <td>53,003 </td> <td>14.22 </td> <td>1,119 </td> <td>0.30 </td> <td>2,588 </td> <td>0.69 </td> <td>42,488 </td> <td>11.39 </td> <td>372,842 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">HI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1992 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>137,013 </td> <td>28.42 </td> <td>– </td> <td>202,645 </td> <td>42.03 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>130,395 </td> <td>27.05 </td> <td>1,167 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>10,894 </td> <td>2.26 </td> <td>−65,632 </td> <td>−13.61 </td> <td>482,114 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ID </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1992 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22 </td> <td>2,453,350 </td> <td>48.58 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>1,734,096 </td> <td>34.34 </td> <td>– </td> <td>840,515 </td> <td>16.64 </td> <td>9,218 </td> <td>0.18 </td> <td>12,978 </td> <td>0.26 </td> <td>719,254 </td> <td>14.24 </td> <td>5,050,157 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1992 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>848,420 </td> <td>36.79 </td> <td>– </td> <td>989,375 </td> <td>42.91 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>455,934 </td> <td>19.77 </td> <td>7,936 </td> <td>0.34 </td> <td>4,206 </td> <td>0.18 </td> <td>−140,955 </td> <td>−6.12 </td> <td>2,305,871 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1992 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>586,353 </td> <td>43.29 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>504,891 </td> <td>37.27 </td> <td>– </td> <td>253,468 </td> <td>18.71 </td> <td>1,076 </td> <td>0.08 </td> <td>8,819 </td> <td>0.65 </td> <td>81,462 </td> <td>6.02 </td> <td>1,354,607 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>390,434 </td> <td>33.74 </td> <td>– </td> <td>449,951 </td> <td>38.88 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>312,358 </td> <td>26.99 </td> <td>4,314 </td> <td>0.37 </td> <td>199 </td> <td>0.02 </td> <td>−59,517 </td> <td>−5.14 </td> <td>1,157,256 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>665,104 </td> <td>44.55 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>617,178 </td> <td>41.34 </td> <td>– </td> <td>203,944 </td> <td>13.66 </td> <td>4,513 </td> <td>0.30 </td> <td>2,161 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>47,926 </td> <td>3.21 </td> <td>1,492,900 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KY </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1992 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>815,971 </td> <td>45.58 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>733,386 </td> <td>40.97 </td> <td>– </td> <td>211,478 </td> <td>11.81 </td> <td>3,155 </td> <td>0.18 </td> <td>26,027 </td> <td>1.45 </td> <td>82,585 </td> <td>4.61 </td> <td>1,790,017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1992 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine †</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td> <td>263,420 </td> <td>38.77 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>206,504 </td> <td>30.39 </td> <td>– </td> <td>206,820 </td> <td>30.44 </td> <td>1,681 </td> <td>0.25 </td> <td>1,074 </td> <td>0.16 </td> <td>56,600 </td> <td>8.33 </td> <td>679,499 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ME </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Maine&#39;s 1st congressional district"><i>Maine-1</i></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>1</i> </td> <td><i>145,191</i></td> <td><i>39.9</i></td> <td><i>1</i></td> <td><i>115,697</i></td> <td><i>31.8</i></td> <td>–</td> <td><i>102,828</i></td> <td><i>28.3</i></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td><i>29,494</i></td> <td><i>8.11</i></td> <td><i>363,716</i></td> <td><i>ME1</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maine%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Maine&#39;s 2nd congressional district"><i>Maine-2</i></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>1</i> </td> <td><i>118,229</i></td> <td><i>37.8</i></td> <td><i>1</i></td> <td><i>90,807</i></td> <td><i>29.0</i></td> <td>–</td> <td><i>103,992</i></td> <td><i>33.2</i></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td><i>14,237</i></td> <td><i>4.55</i></td> <td><i>313,028</i></td> <td><i>ME2</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1992 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>988,571 </td> <td>49.80 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>707,094 </td> <td>35.62 </td> <td>– </td> <td>281,414 </td> <td>14.18 </td> <td>4,715 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>3,252 </td> <td>0.16 </td> <td>281,477 </td> <td>14.18 </td> <td>1,985,046 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MD </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>1,318,662 </td> <td>47.54 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>805,049 </td> <td>29.03 </td> <td>– </td> <td>632,312 </td> <td>22.80 </td> <td>7,458 </td> <td>0.27 </td> <td>10,093 </td> <td>0.36 </td> <td>513,613 </td> <td>18.51 </td> <td>2,773,574 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1992 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18 </td> <td>1,871,182 </td> <td>43.77 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1,554,940 </td> <td>36.38 </td> <td>– </td> <td>824,813 </td> <td>19.30 </td> <td>10,175 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>13,563 </td> <td>0.32 </td> <td>316,242 </td> <td>7.39 </td> <td>4,274,673 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>1,020,997 </td> <td>43.48 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>747,841 </td> <td>31.85 </td> <td>– </td> <td>562,506 </td> <td>23.96 </td> <td>3,374 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>13,230 </td> <td>0.56 </td> <td>273,156 </td> <td>11.63 </td> <td>2,347,948 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>400,258 </td> <td>40.77 </td> <td>– </td> <td>487,793 </td> <td>49.68 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>85,626 </td> <td>8.72 </td> <td>2,154 </td> <td>0.22 </td> <td>5,962 </td> <td>0.61 </td> <td>−87,535 </td> <td>−8.91 </td> <td>981,793 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1992 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td>1,053,873 </td> <td>44.07 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>811,159 </td> <td>33.92 </td> <td>– </td> <td>518,741 </td> <td>21.69 </td> <td>7,497 </td> <td>0.31 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>242,714 </td> <td>10.15 </td> <td>2,391,270 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MO </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="1992 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>154,507 </td> <td>37.63 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>144,207 </td> <td>35.12 </td> <td>– </td> <td>107,225 </td> <td>26.12 </td> <td>986 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>3,658 </td> <td>0.89 </td> <td>10,300 </td> <td>2.51 </td> <td>410,583 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska †</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td> <td>217,344 </td> <td>29.40 </td> <td>– </td> <td>344,346 </td> <td>46.58 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>174,687 </td> <td>23.63 </td> <td>1,344 </td> <td>0.18 </td> <td>1,562 </td> <td>0.21 </td> <td>−127,002 </td> <td>−17.18 </td> <td>739,283 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NE </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nebraska%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Nebraska&#39;s 1st congressional district"><i>Nebraska-1</i></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td><i>80,696</i></td> <td><i>32.6</i></td> <td>–</td> <td><i>107,081</i></td> <td><i>43.2</i></td> <td>1</td> <td><i>59,974</i></td> <td><i>24.2</i></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td><i>-28,847</i></td> <td><i>-10.6</i></td> <td><i>247,751</i></td> <td><i>NE1</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nebraska%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Nebraska&#39;s 2nd congressional district"><i>Nebraska-2</i></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td><i>78,701</i></td> <td><i>32.4</i></td> <td>–</td> <td><i>115,255</i></td> <td><i>47.5</i></td> <td>1</td> <td><i>48,657</i></td> <td><i>20.1</i></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td><i>-32,226</i></td> <td><i>-15.1</i></td> <td><i>242,613</i></td> <td><i>NE2</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nebraska%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Nebraska&#39;s 3rd congressional district"><i>Nebraska-3</i></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td><i>57,467</i></td> <td><i>23.5</i></td> <td>–</td> <td><i>121,342</i></td> <td><i>49.7</i></td> <td>1</td> <td><i>65,473</i></td> <td><i>26.8</i></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td><i>-55,869</i></td> <td><i>-26.1</i></td> <td><i>244,282</i></td> <td><i>NE3</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1992 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>189,148 </td> <td>37.36 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>175,828 </td> <td>34.73 </td> <td>– </td> <td>132,580 </td> <td>26.19 </td> <td>1,835 </td> <td>0.36 </td> <td>6,927 </td> <td>1.37 </td> <td>13,320 </td> <td>2.63 </td> <td>506,318 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NV </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>209,040 </td> <td>38.91 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>202,484 </td> <td>37.69 </td> <td>– </td> <td>121,337 </td> <td>22.59 </td> <td>3,548 </td> <td>0.66 </td> <td>806 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>6,556 </td> <td>1.22 </td> <td>537,215 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NH </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15 </td> <td>1,436,206 </td> <td>42.95 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1,356,865 </td> <td>40.58 </td> <td>– </td> <td>521,829 </td> <td>15.61 </td> <td>6,822 </td> <td>0.20 </td> <td>21,872 </td> <td>0.65 </td> <td>79,341 </td> <td>2.37 </td> <td>3,343,594 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NJ </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>261,617 </td> <td>45.90 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>212,824 </td> <td>37.34 </td> <td>– </td> <td>91,895 </td> <td>16.12 </td> <td>1,615 </td> <td>0.28 </td> <td>2,035 </td> <td>0.36 </td> <td>48,793 </td> <td>8.56 </td> <td>569,986 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NM </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1992 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">33 </td> <td>3,444,450 </td> <td>49.73 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>2,346,649 </td> <td>33.88 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,090,721 </td> <td>15.75 </td> <td>13,451 </td> <td>0.19 </td> <td>31,654 </td> <td>0.46 </td> <td>1,097,801 </td> <td>15.85 </td> <td>6,926,925 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NY </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td>1,114,042 </td> <td>42.65 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,134,661 </td> <td>43.44 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>357,864 </td> <td>13.70 </td> <td>5,171 </td> <td>0.20 </td> <td>112 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td>−20,619 </td> <td>−0.79 </td> <td>2,611,850 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1992 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>99,168 </td> <td>32.18 </td> <td>– </td> <td>136,244 </td> <td>44.22 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>71,084 </td> <td>23.07 </td> <td>416 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>1,221 </td> <td>0.40 </td> <td>−37,076 </td> <td>−12.04 </td> <td>308,133 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ND </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1992 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21 </td> <td>1,984,942 </td> <td>40.18 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>1,894,310 </td> <td>38.35 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,036,426 </td> <td>20.98 </td> <td>7,252 </td> <td>0.15 </td> <td>17,034 </td> <td>0.34 </td> <td>90,632 </td> <td>1.83 </td> <td>4,939,964 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OH </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>473,066 </td> <td>34.02 </td> <td>– </td> <td>592,929 </td> <td>42.65 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>319,878 </td> <td>23.01 </td> <td>4,486 </td> <td>0.32 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>−119,863 </td> <td>−8.63 </td> <td>1,390,359 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OK </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="1992 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>621,314 </td> <td>42.48 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>475,757 </td> <td>32.53 </td> <td>– </td> <td>354,091 </td> <td>24.21 </td> <td>4,277 </td> <td>0.29 </td> <td>7,204 </td> <td>0.49 </td> <td>145,557 </td> <td>9.95 </td> <td>1,462,643 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OR </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1992 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">23 </td> <td>2,239,164 </td> <td>45.15 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>1,791,841 </td> <td>36.13 </td> <td>– </td> <td>902,667 </td> <td>18.20 </td> <td>21,477 </td> <td>0.43 </td> <td>4,661 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>447,323 </td> <td>9.02 </td> <td>4,959,810 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1992 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>213,299 </td> <td>47.04 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>131,601 </td> <td>29.02 </td> <td>– </td> <td>105,045 </td> <td>23.16 </td> <td>571 </td> <td>0.13 </td> <td>2,961 </td> <td>0.65 </td> <td>81,698 </td> <td>18.02 </td> <td>453,477 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">RI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>479,514 </td> <td>39.88 </td> <td>– </td> <td>577,507 </td> <td>48.02 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>138,872 </td> <td>11.55 </td> <td>2,719 </td> <td>0.23 </td> <td>3,915 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>−97,993 </td> <td>−8.14 </td> <td>1,202,527 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1992 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>124,888 </td> <td>37.14 </td> <td>– </td> <td>136,718 </td> <td>40.66 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>73,295 </td> <td>21.80 </td> <td>814 </td> <td>0.24 </td> <td>539 </td> <td>0.16 </td> <td>−11,830 </td> <td>−3.52 </td> <td>336,254 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SD </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td>933,521 </td> <td>47.08 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>841,300 </td> <td>42.43 </td> <td>– </td> <td>199,968 </td> <td>10.09 </td> <td>1,847 </td> <td>0.09 </td> <td>6,002 </td> <td>0.30 </td> <td>92,221 </td> <td>4.65 </td> <td>1,982,638 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">32 </td> <td>2,281,815 </td> <td>37.08 </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,496,071 </td> <td>40.56 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>1,354,781 </td> <td>22.01 </td> <td>19,699 </td> <td>0.32 </td> <td>1,652 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>−214,256 </td> <td>−3.48 </td> <td>6,154,018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TX </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="1992 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>183,429 </td> <td>24.65 </td> <td>– </td> <td>322,632 </td> <td>43.36 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>203,400 </td> <td>27.34 </td> <td>1,900 </td> <td>0.26 </td> <td>32,637 </td> <td>4.39 </td> <td>−119,232 </td> <td>−16.02 </td> <td>743,998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">UT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1992 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>133,592 </td> <td>46.11 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>88,122 </td> <td>30.42 </td> <td>– </td> <td>65,991 </td> <td>22.78 </td> <td>501 </td> <td>0.17 </td> <td>1,495 </td> <td>0.52 </td> <td>45,470 </td> <td>15.70 </td> <td>289,701 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1992 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>1,038,650 </td> <td>40.59 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,150,517 </td> <td>44.97 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>348,639 </td> <td>13.63 </td> <td>5,730 </td> <td>0.22 </td> <td>15,129 </td> <td>0.59 </td> <td>−111,867 </td> <td>−4.38 </td> <td>2,558,665 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="1992 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td>993,037 </td> <td>43.41 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>731,234 </td> <td>31.97 </td> <td>– </td> <td>541,780 </td> <td>23.68 </td> <td>7,533 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>13,981 </td> <td>0.61 </td> <td>261,803 </td> <td>11.44 </td> <td>2,287,565 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>331,001 </td> <td>48.41 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>241,974 </td> <td>35.39 </td> <td>– </td> <td>108,829 </td> <td>15.91 </td> <td>1,873 </td> <td>0.27 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>89,027 </td> <td>13.02 </td> <td>683,677 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WV </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1992 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td> <td>1,041,066 </td> <td>41.13 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>930,855 </td> <td>36.78 </td> <td>– </td> <td>544,479 </td> <td>21.51 </td> <td>2,877 </td> <td>0.11 </td> <td>11,837 </td> <td>0.47 </td> <td>110,211 </td> <td>4.35 </td> <td>2,531,114 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>68,160 </td> <td>34.10 </td> <td>– </td> <td>79,347 </td> <td>39.70 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>51,263 </td> <td>25.65 </td> <td>844 </td> <td>0.42 </td> <td>270 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>−11,187 </td> <td>−5.60 </td> <td>199,884 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WY </td></tr> <tr> <th><span data-sort-value="z&#160;!"></span>TOTALS: </th> <th>538 </th> <th>44,909,889 </th> <th>43.01 </th> <th>370 </th> <th>39,104,550 </th> <th>37.45 </th> <th>168 </th> <th>19,743,821 </th> <th>18.91 </th> <th>290,087 </th> <th>0.28 </th> <th>375,659 </th> <th>0.36 </th> <th>5,805,256 </th> <th>5.56 </th> <th>104,423,923 </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="z&#160;!"></span>US </th></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Maine_and_Nebraska_district_results">Maine and Nebraska district results</span></h4> <p><sup>†</sup>Maine and Nebraska each allowed their electoral votes to be split between candidates using the Congressional District Method for electoral vote assignment. In both states, two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote was awarded to the winner of each congressional district.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup> District results for Maine and Nebraska do not include results for Marrou or other candidates and so totals differ from those for the states' at-large. Because Perot finished in 2nd place in some districts, the margins of the districts do not match the margin at-large. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Close_states">Close states</span></h3> <p>States with margin of victory less than 1% (27 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Georgia – 0.59% (13,714 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>North Carolina – 0.79% (20,619 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <p>States/Districts with margin of victory less than 5% (175 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Hampshire – 1.22% (6,556 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Ohio – 1.83% (90,632 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Florida – 1.89% (100,612 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Arizona – 1.95% (29,036 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Jersey – 2.37% (79,341 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Montana – 2.51% (10,300 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Nevada – 2.63% (13,320 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Kentucky – 3.21% (47,926 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Texas – 3.48% (214,256 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>South Dakota – 3.52% (11,830 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Colorado – 4.26% (66,831 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Wisconsin – 4.35% (110,211 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Virginia – 4.37% (111,867 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Maine's 2nd Congressional District – 4.54% (14,237 votes)</b></span> (margin over Ross Perot)</li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Louisiana – 4.61% (82,585 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Tennessee – 4.65% (92,221 votes)</b></span> (tipping point state)</li></ol> <p>States with margin of victory between 5% and 10% (131 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:red;"><b>Kansas – 5.14% (59,517 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Wyoming – 5.60% (11,187 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Iowa – 6.02% (81,462 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Indiana – 6.12% (140,955 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Connecticut – 6.43% (104,005 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Alabama – 6.77% (114,203 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Michigan – 7.39% (316,242 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>South Carolina – 8.14% (97,993 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Maine's 1st Congressional District – 8.11% (29,494 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Delaware – 8.19% (23,741 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Maine – 8.33% (56,600 votes)</b></span> (margin over Ross Perot)</li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Mexico – 8.56% (48,793 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Oklahoma – 8.63% (119,863 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Mississippi – 8.91% (87,535 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Pennsylvania – 9.02% (447,323 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Alaska – 9.17% (23,706 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Oregon – 9.95% (145,557 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm">Source: New York Times President Map</a> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Statistics">Statistics</span></h4> <p><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:blue;">Washington, D.C. 84.64%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Starr_County,_Texas" title="Starr County, Texas">Starr County, Texas</a> 82.80%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macon_County,_Alabama" title="Macon County, Alabama">Macon County, Alabama</a> 82.78%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duval_County,_Texas" title="Duval County, Texas">Duval County, Texas</a> 79.56%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson County, Mississippi">Jefferson County, Mississippi</a> 79.39%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jackson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jackson County, Kentucky">Jackson County, Kentucky</a> 74.96%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sioux_County,_Iowa" title="Sioux County, Iowa">Sioux County, Iowa</a> 72.21%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hansford_County,_Texas" title="Hansford County, Texas">Hansford County, Texas</a> 69.08%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ochiltree_County,_Texas" title="Ochiltree County, Texas">Ochiltree County, Texas</a> 68.06%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shelby_County,_Alabama" title="Shelby County, Alabama">Shelby County, Alabama</a> 67.97%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Other) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loving_County,_Texas" title="Loving County, Texas">Loving County, Texas</a> 46.88%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Juan_County,_Colorado" title="San Juan County, Colorado">San Juan County, Colorado</a> 40.40%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billings_County,_North_Dakota" title="Billings County, North Dakota">Billings County, North Dakota</a> 39.82%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maine" title="Somerset County, Maine">Somerset County, Maine</a> 38.95%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Esmeralda_County,_Nevada" title="Esmeralda County, Nevada">Esmeralda County, Nevada</a> 37.67%</span></b></li></ol> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Voter_demographics">Voter demographics</span></h3> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Presidential vote in social groups (in percentage) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Social group </th> <th style="background-color:#B0CEFF">Clinton </th> <th style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Bush </th> <th>Perot </th> <th>% of<br />total vote </th></tr> <tr> <td>Total vote </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Party and ideology</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Liberal Republicans </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moderate Republicans </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">63 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conservative Republicans </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">82 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberal Independents </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moderate Independents </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conservative Independents </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberal Democrats </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">85 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moderate Democrats </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">76 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conservative Democrats </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">61 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Gender and marital status</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Married men </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Married women </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unmarried men </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unmarried women </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">53 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Race</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>White </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">84 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">83 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hispanic </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">61 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Religion</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>White Protestant </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">47 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Catholic </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jewish </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">80 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Born Again, religious right </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">61 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Age</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>18–29 years old </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30–44 years old </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45–59 years old </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 and older </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Education</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Not a high school graduate </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High school graduate </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some college education </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>College graduate </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Post graduate education </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Family income</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Under $15,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">58 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$15,000–29,999 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">45 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$30,000–49,999 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$50,000-$75,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Over $75,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Region</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>East </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">47 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Midwest </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><b>Community size</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Population over 500,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">58 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Population 50,000 to 500,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suburbs </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rural areas, towns </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Voter_News_Service" title="Voter News Service">Voter News Service</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exit_poll" title="Exit poll">exit poll</a>, reported in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, November 10, 1996, 28. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 1992 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements in the 1992 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chicken_George_(politics)" title="Chicken George (politics)">Chicken George</a></li> <li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giant_sucking_sound" title="Giant sucking sound">Giant sucking sound</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/It%27s_the_economy,_stupid" title="It&#39;s the economy, stupid">It's the economy, stupid</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">Read my lips: no new taxes</a>"</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1992 United States gubernatorial elections">1992 United States gubernatorial elections</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1992 United States Senate elections">1992 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections">1992 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="First inauguration of Bill Clinton">First inauguration of Bill Clinton</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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(December 30, 1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081128173902/http://www.epi.org/briefingpapers/1993_bp_political.pdf"><i>The Political Arithmetic of the NAFTA Vote</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epi.org/briefingpapers/1993_bp_political.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 28, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Political+Arithmetic+of+the+NAFTA+Vote&amp;rft.date=1998-12-30&amp;rft.aulast=Mishel&amp;rft.aufirst=Lawrence&amp;rft.au=Teixeira%2C+Ruy+A.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epi.org%2Fbriefingpapers%2F1993_bp_political.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLacyBurden1999" class="citation journal cs1">Lacy, Dean; Burden, Barry C. (1999). "The Vote-Stealing and Turnout Effects of Ross Perot in the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election". <i>American Journal of Political Science</i>. <b>43</b> (1): 233. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2991792">10.2307/2991792</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0092-5853">0092-5853</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.jstor.org/stable/2991792">2991792</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Political+Science&amp;rft.atitle=The+Vote-Stealing+and+Turnout+Effects+of+Ross+Perot+in+the+1992+U.S.+Presidential+Election&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=233&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.issn=0092-5853&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2991792%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2991792&amp;rft.aulast=Lacy&amp;rft.aufirst=Dean&amp;rft.au=Burden%2C+Barry+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDruke2016" class="citation news cs1">Druke, Galen (October 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/long-before-trump-there-was-ross-perot/">"Long Before Trump, There Was Ross Perot"</a>. 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(2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intendedconseque00crit_0/page/221"><i>Intended Consequences: Birth Control, Abortion, and the Federal Government in Modern America</i></a>, New York: Oxford University Press, p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intendedconseque00crit_0/page/221">221</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504657-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504657-1"><bdi>978-0-19-504657-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Intended+Consequences%3A+Birth+Control%2C+Abortion%2C+and+the+Federal+Government+in+Modern+America&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=221&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-504657-1&amp;rft.aulast=Critchlow&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintendedconseque00crit_0%2Fpage%2F221&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abramowitz (1995)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour Martin Lipset, "The significance of the 1992 election." <i>PS: Political Science and Politics</i> 26.1 (1993): 7-16 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/419496">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.270towin.com/states/Vermont">"Vermont Presidential Election Voting History"</a>. <i>270towin.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=270towin.com&amp;rft.atitle=Vermont+Presidential+Election+Voting+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.270towin.com%2Fstates%2FVermont&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AD100313-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AD100313_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-250_162-652197.html">"Surprise Swing States"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. February 11, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBS+News&amp;rft.atitle=Surprise+Swing+States&amp;rft.date=2009-02-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2F2100-250_162-652197.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1992&amp;datatype=national&amp;def=1&amp;f=0&amp;off=0&amp;elect=0">"1992 Presidential General Election Data – National"</a>. <i>Uselectionatlas.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Uselectionatlas.org&amp;rft.atitle=1992+Presidential+General+Election+Data+%E2%80%93+National&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fdata.php%3Fyear%3D1992%26datatype%3Dnational%26def%3D1%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBaroneUjifusa1999" class="citation book cs1">Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant (July 1999). <i>The Almanac of American Politics 2000</i>. Crown Publishing Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Almanac+of+American+Politics+2000&amp;rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=1999-07&amp;rft.aulast=Barone&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.au=Ujifusa%2C+Grant&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1992&amp;datatype=national&amp;def=1&amp;f=0&amp;off=0&amp;elect=0">"1992 Presidential General Election Data – National"</a>. <i>Uselectionatlas.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Uselectionatlas.org&amp;rft.atitle=1992+Presidential+General+Election+Data+%E2%80%93+National&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fdata.php%3Fyear%3D1992%26datatype%3Dnational%26def%3D1%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051214030614/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/bridge.htm">"Outline of U.S. History: Chapter 15: Bridge to the 21st century"</a>. <i>Official web site of the U.S. Department of State</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/histryotln/bridge.htm">the original</a> on December 14, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Official+web+site+of+the+U.S.+Department+of+State&amp;rft.atitle=Outline+of+U.S.+History%3A+Chapter+15%3A+Bridge+to+the+21st+century&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusinfo.state.gov%2Fproducts%2Fpubs%2Fhistryotln%2Fbridge.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Bulk of article text as of January 9, 2003 copied from this page, when it was located at http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/history/ch13.htm#1992 and titled "An Outline of American History: Chapter 13: Toward the 21st century".</li> <li>An <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041103020223/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch13.htm">archival version of this page is available</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>&#32;(archived November 3, 2004)</li> <li>This page is in the public domain as a government publication.</li></ul></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot#Further_reading" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot §&#160;Further reading</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAbramowitz1995" class="citation cs2">Abramowitz, Alan I. (1995), "It's Abortion, Stupid: Policy Voting in the 1992 Presidential Election", <i>Journal of Politics</i>, <b>57</b> (1): 176–186, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2960276">10.2307/2960276</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3816">0022-3816</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.jstor.org/stable/2960276">2960276</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155087138">155087138</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Politics&amp;rft.atitle=It%27s+Abortion%2C+Stupid%3A+Policy+Voting+in+the+1992+Presidential+Election&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=176-186&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.issn=0022-3816&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155087138%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2960276%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2960276&amp;rft.aulast=Abramowitz&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+I.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAlexanderCorrado1995" class="citation cs2">Alexander, Herbert E.; Corrado, Anthony (1995), <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/financing1992ele0000alex"><i>Financing the 1992 Election</i></a></span>, Armonk: Sharpe, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-437-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-437-7"><bdi>978-1-56324-437-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Financing+the+1992+Election&amp;rft.place=Armonk&amp;rft.pub=Sharpe&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56324-437-7&amp;rft.aulast=Alexander&amp;rft.aufirst=Herbert+E.&amp;rft.au=Corrado%2C+Anthony&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffinancing1992ele0000alex&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Buell Jr, Emmett H. "The 1992 Elections." <i>Journal of Politics</i> (1994): 1133-1144; reviews leading political science studies of the election</li> <li>Ceaser, James, and Andrew Busch. <i>Upside Down and Inside Out: The 1992 Elections and American Politics</i> (1993).</li> <li>Crotty, William, ed. <i>America's Choice: The Election of 1992</i> (1993)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDeFrank1994" class="citation cs2">DeFrank, Thomas M.; et&#160;al. (1994), <i>Quest for the Presidency, 1992</i>, College Station: Texas A&amp;M University Press, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89096-644-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89096-644-0"><bdi>978-0-89096-644-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Quest+for+the+Presidency%2C+1992&amp;rft.place=College+Station&amp;rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-89096-644-0&amp;rft.aulast=DeFrank&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_GarzaDesipio1996" class="citation cs2">De la Garza, Rodolfo O.; Desipio, Louis (1996), <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnicironieslat0000unse"><i>Ethnic Ironies: Latino Politics in the 1992 Elections</i></a></span>, Boulder: Westview, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8910-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8910-3"><bdi>978-0-8133-8910-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnic+Ironies%3A+Latino+Politics+in+the+1992+Elections&amp;rft.place=Boulder&amp;rft.pub=Westview&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8133-8910-3&amp;rft.aulast=De+la+Garza&amp;rft.aufirst=Rodolfo+O.&amp;rft.au=Desipio%2C+Louis&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethnicironieslat0000unse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Doherty, Kathryn M., and James G. Gimpel. "Candidate Character vs. the Economy in the 1992 Election." <i>Political Behavior</i> 19.3 (1997): 177-196. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James_Gimpel/publication/225228184_Candidate_Character_vs_The_Economy_in_the_1992_Election/links/5ce48ef6458515712eba605a/Candidate-Character-vs-The-Economy-in-the-1992-Election.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Germond, Jack, and Jules Witcover. <i>Mad As Hell: Revolt at the Ballot Box, 1992</i> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madashellrevolta00germ">online</a></li> <li>Goldman, Peter. et al. <i>Quest for the Presidency 1992</i> (1994) 805pp.</li> <li>Herron, Michael C., et al. "Measurement of political effects in the United States economy: A study of the 1992 presidential election." <i>Economics &amp; Politics</i> 11.1 (1999): 51-81.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLacyBurden1999" class="citation cs2">Lacy, Dean; Burden, Barry C. (1999), "The Vote-Stealing and Turnout Effects of Ross Perot in the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election", <i>American Journal of Political Science</i>, <b>43</b> (1): 233–255, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2991792">10.2307/2991792</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="/enwiki//www.jstor.org/stable/2991792">2991792</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Political+Science&amp;rft.atitle=The+Vote-Stealing+and+Turnout+Effects+of+Ross+Perot+in+the+1992+U.S.+Presidential+Election&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=233-255&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2991792&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2991792%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Lacy&amp;rft.aufirst=Dean&amp;rft.au=Burden%2C+Barry+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJones1995" class="citation cs2">Jones, Bryan D. (1995), <i>The New American Politics: Reflections on Political Change and the Clinton Administration</i>, Boulder: Westview, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1972-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1972-8"><bdi>978-0-8133-1972-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+American+Politics%3A+Reflections+on+Political+Change+and+the+Clinton+Administration&amp;rft.place=Boulder&amp;rft.pub=Westview&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8133-1972-8&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Bryan+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kellstedt, Lyman A., et al. "Religious voting blocs in the 1992 election: The year of the evangelical?." <i>Sociology of Religion</i> 55.3 (1994): 307-326. [Kellstedt, Lyman A., et al. "Religious voting blocs in the 1992 election: The year of the evangelical?." Sociology of Religion 55.3 (1994): 307-326. online]</li> <li>Klein, Jill Gabrielle. "Negativity in impressions of presidential candidates revisited: The 1992 election." <i>Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</i> 22.3 (1996): 288-295.</li> <li>Ladd, Everett Carll. "The 1992 vote for President Clinton: Another brittle mandate?." <i>Political Science Quarterly</i> 108.1 (1993): 1-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152483">online</a></li> <li>Lipset, Seymour Martin. "The significance of the 1992 election." <i>PS: Political Science and Politics</i> 26.1 (1993): 7-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/419496">online</a></li> <li>Nelson, Michael ed. <i>The Elections of 1992</i> (1993)</li> <li>Nelson, Michael. <i>Clinton's Elections: 1992, 1996, and the Birth of a New Era of Governance</i> (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Clintons-Elections-1992-Birth-Governance/dp/0700629173/">excerpt</a></li> <li>O'Mara, Margaret. <i>Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century</i> (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history</li> <li>Ornstein, Norman J. "Foreign policy and the 1992 election." <i>Foreign Affairs</i> 71.3 (1992): 1-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045226">online</a></li> <li>Pomper, Gerald M. ed. <i>The Election of 1992</i> (1993).</li> <li>Post, Jerrold M. "The Political psychology of the Ross Perot phenomenon." in <i>The Clinton Presidency</i> (Routledge, 2019. 37-56).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRosenstiel1993" class="citation cs2">Rosenstiel, Tom. (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strangebedfellow00rose"><i>Strange Bedfellows: How Television and the Presidential Candidates Changed American Politics, 1992</i></a>, New York: Hyperion, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56282-859-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56282-859-2"><bdi>978-1-56282-859-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Strange+Bedfellows%3A+How+Television+and+the+Presidential+Candidates+Changed+American+Politics%2C+1992&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Hyperion&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56282-859-2&amp;rft.aulast=Rosenstiel&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrangebedfellow00rose&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSteed1994" class="citation cs2">Steed, Robert P. (1994), <i>The 1992 Presidential Election in the South: Current Patterns of Southern Party and Electoral Politics</i>, Westport: Praeger, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94534-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94534-3"><bdi>978-0-275-94534-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+1992+Presidential+Election+in+the+South%3A+Current+Patterns+of+Southern+Party+and+Electoral+Politics&amp;rft.place=Westport&amp;rft.pub=Praeger&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-275-94534-3&amp;rft.aulast=Steed&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1992+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Troy, Gil. "Stumping in the bookstores: A literary history of the 1992 presidential campaign." <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i> (1995): 697-710. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551506">online</a></li> <li>Weaver, David, and Dan Drew. "Voter learning in the 1992 presidential election: Did the “nontraditional” media and debates matter?." <i>Journalism &amp; Mass Communication Quarterly</i> 72.1 (1995): 7-17.</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_commentary_and_campaign_statements">Political commentary and campaign statements</span></h3> <ul><li>Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele. <i>America: What Went Wrong?</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americawhatwentw00barl">online</a>.</li> <li>Clinton, Bill, and Al Gore. <i>Putting People First: How We Can All Change America</i> (1992)</li> <li>Cramer, Richard Ben. <i>What It Takes: The Way to the White House</i> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatittakeswayt00cram">online</a>.</li> <li>Dionne, E. J. <i>Why Americans Hate Politics</i> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyamericanshate00dion">online</a></li> <li>Duffy, Michael, and Dan Goodgame. <i>Marching in Place: The Status Quo Presidency of George Bush</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marchinginplaces00duff">online</a>.</li> <li>Edsall Thomas Byrne, and Mary D. Edsall. <i>Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chainreactionimp00edsa_0">online</a>.</li> <li>Ehrenhalt, Alan. <i>The United States of Ambition: Politicians, Power, and the Pursuit of Office</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesofam00ehre">online</a>.</li> <li>Gore, Al. <i>Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit</i> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earthinbalancefo0000gore/page/n5/mode/2up">online</a></li> <li>Greider, William. <i>Who Will Tell the People: The Betrayal of American Democracy</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whowilltellpeopl00grei">online</a>.</li> <li>Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. <i>Dirty Politics: Deception, Distraction, and Democracy</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dirtypoliticsdec00jami">online</a>.</li> <li>Perot, Ross. <i>United We Stand: How We Can Take Back Our Country</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedwestandhow00pero">online</a>.</li> <li>Phillips, Kevin. <i>The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofrichpo1991phil">online</a>.</li> <li>Sabato, Larry J. <i>Feeding Frenzy: How Attack Journalism Has Transformed American Politics</i> (1991) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feedingfrenzyhow00saba">online</a></li> <li>Will, George F. <i>Restoration: Congress, Term Limits and the Recovery of Deliberative Democracy</i> (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/restorationcongr00will">online</a>.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1992">The Election Wall's 1992 Election Video Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1992.htm">1992 popular vote by counties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1992.txt">1992 popular vote by state</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1992">1992 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/CampaignCommercials19">Presidential Campaign Commercials</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1992">Campaign commercials from the 1992 election</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wApxxm-vOgQ"><span class="plainlinks">Film footage of Gore speech on the election campaign trail</span></a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?48269-1/strange-bedfellows"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Tom Rosenstiel on <i>Strange Bedfellows: How Television and the Presidential Candidates Changed American Politics, 1992</i>, August 8, 1993.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countingthevotes.com/1992/">Election of 1992 in Counting the Votes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clintonism" title="Clintonism">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Agran" title="Larry Agran">Larry Agran</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Harkin_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Harkin 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Kerrey" title="Bob Kerrey">Bob Kerrey</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Woods_(politician)" title="Charles Woods (politician)">Charles Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennie_Rogers" title="Tennie Rogers">Tennie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidate: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ross_Perot_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP candidate: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale">James Stockdale</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_independent_and_third_party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" title="Third party (United States)">third party</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1991_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1991 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Lord" title="Nancy Lord">Nancy Lord</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Tompkins" title="Mike Tompkins">Mike Tompkins</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maria_Elizabeth_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Maria Elizabeth Muñoz">Maria Elizabeth Muñoz</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Ormsby_(politician)" title="George Ormsby (politician)">George Ormsby</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J._Quinn_Brisben" title="J. Quinn Brisben">J. Quinn Brisben</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Garson" title="Barbara Garson">Barbara Garson</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">James Warren</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Willie Mae Reid</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE; : &#39;&#39;&#91;&#91;Constitution Party National Convention#1992 Convention&#124;Convention&#93;&#93;&#39;&#39;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albion_W._Knight_Jr." title="Albion W. Knight Jr.">Albion W. Knight Jr.</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b>Larry Holmes</b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Daniels_(politician)" title="Ronald Daniels (politician)">Ronald Daniels</a></b> (running mate: <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asiba_Tupahache" title="Asiba Tupahache">Asiba Tupahache</a></b>)</dd> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1992 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1992 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1992 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_district_results_of_the_1992_U.S._presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:State_results_of_the_1992_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template:State results of the 1992 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:State_results_of_the_1992_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template talk:State results of the 1992 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:State_results_of_the_1992_U.S._presidential_election&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_district_results_of_the_1992_U.S._presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State and district results of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1992 U.S. presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1992 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1992 United States presidential election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="1992 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1992 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1992 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1992 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1992 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="1992 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1992 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1992 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1992 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1992 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1992 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1992 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1992 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1992 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1992 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="1992 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1992 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1992 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1992 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1992 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="1992 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1992 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1992 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1992 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1992 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="1992 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1992 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1992 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="1992 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1992 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1992.svg" class="image" title="Electoral map, 1992 election"><img alt="Electoral map, 1992 election" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ElectoralCollege1992.svg/150px-ElectoralCollege1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ElectoralCollege1992.svg/225px-ElectoralCollege1992.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ElectoralCollege1992.svg/300px-ElectoralCollege1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(1991_←)_1992_United_States_elections_(→_1993)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:1992_United_States_elections" title="Template:1992 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:1992_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:1992 United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:1992_United_States_elections&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(1991_←)_1992_United_States_elections_(→_1993)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1991_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1991 elections in the United States">1991 &#8592;</a>) &#160; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_elections" title="1992 United States elections">1992 United States elections</a> &#160; (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1993_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1993 elections in the United States">&#8594; 1993</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1992 United States presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1992 United States Senate elections">U.S. Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1992 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1992 United States Senate election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_California" title="1992 United States Senate special election in California">California (special)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Colorado" title="1992 United States Senate election in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="1992 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="1992 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1992 United States Senate election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1992 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="1992 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="1992 United States Senate election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="1992 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Iowa" title="1992 United States Senate election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="1992 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1992 United States Senate election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1992 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="1992 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1992 United States Senate election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada" title="1992 United States Senate election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1992 United States Senate election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1992 United States Senate election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1992 United States Senate election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1992 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1992 United States Senate special election in North Dakota">North Dakota (special)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1992 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1992 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" title="1992 United States Senate election in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1992 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1992 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1992 United States Senate election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1992 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1992 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Washington" title="1992 United States Senate election in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1992 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections">U.S.<br />House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_California" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Georgia" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kansas" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maryland" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Michigan" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Montana" title="1992 United States House of Representatives election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Vermont" title="1992 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Virginia" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" title="1992 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1992 United States gubernatorial elections">Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_American_Samoa_gubernatorial_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 American Samoa gubernatorial election (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Montana_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Montana gubernatorial election">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 North Carolina gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Puerto_Rico_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Puerto Rico gubernatorial election">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_state_legislature_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1992 state legislature elections in the United States">State<br />legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>California <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_California_State_Assembly_election" title="1992 California State Assembly election">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_California_State_Senate_election" title="1992 California State Senate election">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Iowa_Senate_election" title="1992 Iowa Senate election">Iowa Senate</a></li> <li>Minnesota <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Minnesota_House_of_Representatives_election" title="1992 Minnesota House of Representatives election">House</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Minnesota_Senate_election" title="1992 Minnesota Senate election">Senate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_elections" title="1992 United States elections">Mayors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_Baton_Rouge_mayoral_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Baton Rouge mayoral election (page does not exist)">Baton Rouge, <abbr title="Louisiana">LA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Irvine_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Irvine mayoral election">Irvine <abbr title="California">CA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Orlando_mayoral_election" title="1992 Orlando mayoral election">Orlando, <abbr title="Florida">FL</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_San_Diego_mayoral_election" title="1992 San Diego mayoral election">San Diego, <abbr title="California">CA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 San Juan, Puerto Rico mayoral election">San Juan, <abbr title="Puerto Rico">PR</abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1992 elections in the United States">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Alabama_elections" title="Category:1992 Alabama elections">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Alaska_elections" title="Category:1992 Alaska elections">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_American_Samoan_general_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 American Samoan general election (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Arizona_elections" title="Category:1992 Arizona elections">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Arkansas_elections" title="Category:1992 Arkansas elections">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_California_elections" title="Category:1992 California elections">California</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Colorado_elections" title="Category:1992 Colorado elections">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Connecticut_elections" title="Category:1992 Connecticut elections">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Delaware_elections" title="Category:1992 Delaware elections">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Florida_elections" title="Category:1992 Florida elections">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Georgia_(U.S._state)_elections" title="Category:1992 Georgia (U.S. state) elections">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_Guamanian_general_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Guamanian general election (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Hawaii_elections" title="Category:1992 Hawaii elections">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Idaho_elections" title="Category:1992 Idaho elections">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Illinois_elections" title="1992 Illinois elections">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Indiana_elections" title="Category:1992 Indiana elections">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Iowa_elections" title="Category:1992 Iowa elections">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Kansas_elections" title="Category:1992 Kansas elections">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Kentucky_elections" title="Category:1992 Kentucky elections">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Louisiana_elections" title="Category:1992 Louisiana elections">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Maine_elections" title="Category:1992 Maine elections">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Maryland_elections" title="Category:1992 Maryland elections">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Massachusetts_elections" title="Category:1992 Massachusetts elections">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Michigan_elections" title="Category:1992 Michigan elections">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Minnesota_elections" title="Category:1992 Minnesota elections">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Mississippi_elections" title="Category:1992 Mississippi elections">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Missouri_elections" title="Category:1992 Missouri elections">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Montana_elections" title="Category:1992 Montana elections">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Nebraska_elections" title="Category:1992 Nebraska elections">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Nevada_elections" title="Category:1992 Nevada elections">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_New_Hampshire_elections" title="Category:1992 New Hampshire elections">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_New_Jersey_elections" title="Category:1992 New Jersey elections">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_New_Mexico_elections" title="Category:1992 New Mexico elections">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_New_York_(state)_elections" title="Category:1992 New York (state) elections">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_North_Carolina_elections" title="Category:1992 North Carolina elections">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_North_Dakota_elections" title="Category:1992 North Dakota elections">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Ohio_elections" title="Category:1992 Ohio elections">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_Oklahoma_state_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Oklahoma state elections (page does not exist)">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_Oregon_state_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Oregon state elections (page does not exist)">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_Pennsylvania_state_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Pennsylvania state elections (page does not exist)">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1992 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Rhode_Island_elections" title="Category:1992 Rhode Island elections">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_South_Carolina_elections" title="Category:1992 South Carolina elections">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_South_Dakota_elections" title="Category:1992 South Dakota elections">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Tennessee_elections" title="Category:1992 Tennessee elections">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Texas_elections" title="Category:1992 Texas elections">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_United_States_Virgin_Islands_general_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 United States Virgin Islands general election (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Utah_elections" title="Category:1992 Utah elections">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Vermont_elections" title="Category:1992 Vermont elections">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Virginia_elections" title="Category:1992 Virginia elections">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Washington_(state)_elections" title="Category:1992 Washington (state) elections">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_West_Virginia_elections" title="Category:1992 West Virginia elections">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1992_Wisconsin_state_elections&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Wisconsin state elections (page does not exist)">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:1992_Wyoming_elections" title="Category:1992 Wyoming elections">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template talk:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_presidential_elections&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_states_by_participation_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of states by participation in United States presidential elections">Elections by state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alabama" title="United States presidential elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alaska" title="United States presidential elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arizona" title="United States presidential elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arkansas" title="United States presidential elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_California" title="United States presidential elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Colorado" title="United States presidential elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Connecticut" title="United States presidential elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Delaware" title="United States presidential elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Florida" title="United States presidential elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Georgia" title="United States presidential elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Hawaii" title="United States presidential elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Idaho" title="United States presidential elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois" title="United States presidential elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Indiana" title="United States presidential elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Iowa" title="United States presidential elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kansas" title="United States presidential elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kentucky" title="United States presidential elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Louisiana" title="United States presidential elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maine" title="United States presidential elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maryland" title="United States presidential elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="United States presidential elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Michigan" title="United States presidential elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Minnesota" title="United States presidential elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Mississippi" title="United States presidential elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Missouri" title="United States presidential elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Montana" title="United States presidential elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nebraska" title="United States presidential elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nevada" title="United States presidential elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="United States presidential elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Jersey" title="United States presidential elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="United States presidential elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_York" title="United States presidential elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Ohio" title="United States presidential elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="United States presidential elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oregon" title="United States presidential elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Rhode_Island" title="United States presidential elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Tennessee" title="United States presidential elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Texas" title="United States presidential elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Utah" title="United States presidential elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Vermont" title="United States presidential elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="United States presidential elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="United States presidential elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wyoming" title="United States presidential elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Primaries and caucuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_Hampshire_presidential_primary" title="New Hampshire presidential primary">New Hampshire presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nevada_presidential_caucuses" title="Nevada presidential caucuses">Nevada presidential caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Carolina_presidential_primary" title="South Carolina presidential primary">South Carolina presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Nominating conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List of nominating conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brokered_convention" title="Brokered convention">Brokered convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Convention_bounce" title="Convention bounce">Convention bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />and popular vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Results <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_summary" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election summary">summary</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">elections in which the winner lost the popular vote</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_Electoral_College_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin">Electoral College margins</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_results_by_state" title="List of United States presidential election results by state">Electoral College results by state</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_vote_changes_between_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections">electoral vote changes between elections</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">electoral vote recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of votes received">popular votes received</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin">popular-vote margins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Certificate_of_ascertainment" title="Certificate of ascertainment">Certificate of ascertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Certificate_of_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of vote">Certificate of vote</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent election</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">Faithless elector</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unpledged_elector" title="Unpledged elector">Unpledged elector</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Voter turnout in United States presidential elections">Voter turnout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans" title="List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans">Campaign slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historical_polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical polling for United States presidential elections">Historical election polling</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_major_party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States major party presidential tickets">Major party tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Major party losers</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">Presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">Swing state</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tipping-point_state" title="Tipping-point state">Tipping-point state</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Election_recount" title="Election recount">Election recount</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Guam" title="United States presidential straw polls in Guam">Guam straw poll</a></li> <li>Vice presidential confirmations: <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1973_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1973 United States vice presidential confirmation">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1974 United States vice presidential confirmation">1974</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="Template:United States House of Representatives elections">House elections</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:United_States_Senate_elections" title="Template:United States Senate elections">Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="Template:United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notable_third_party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Notable_third_party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template:Notable third party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Notable_third_party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:Notable third party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Notable_third_party_performances_in_United_States_elections&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_third_party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_third_party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third party and independent performances in United States elections">Notable third party performances in United States elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_is_endorsed_by_a_major_party">* Third party is endorsed by a major party</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_third_party_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third party performances in United States presidential elections">Presidential</a> (since 1832)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a>*</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senatorial (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1940 United States Senate election in California">California 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1940 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1940</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1940 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1940</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate special election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="1942 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1942 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1944 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="1944 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1946 United States Senate special election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1946 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1950 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Senate election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1952 United States Senate election in California">California 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1952 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1952 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1952 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1952</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 1954 (Democratic write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1954 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1958 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1958 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1960 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1964 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1966 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate special election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="1968 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="1970 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1970 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1970</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1970 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1970</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1970 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1970</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1972 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="1974 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1974 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1974 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1974 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1976 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1976</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1976 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1976</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1978 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1978 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1978 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1978 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1980 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1982_United_States_Senate_election_in_Washington" title="1982 United States Senate election in Washington">Washington 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1984 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1990 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1992 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1992 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1992 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1994 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1994 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1994 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1994 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1994 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1996 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1996 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2000 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2002 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2002 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2002 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="2002 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2002 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="2002 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2004</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 2006</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2006 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2006 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2006 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2006</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2008 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2008 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" title="2008 United States Senate election in Oregon">Oregon 2008</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2010 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2010 (Republican write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="2010 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2010 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2010 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2010 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2012</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States Senate election in Missouri">Missouri 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Montana">Montana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2012 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2012</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2014 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="2014 United States Senate election in South Dakota">South Dakota 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wyoming" title="2014 United States Senate election in Wyoming">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2016 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2016 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2016 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2016 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2016 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2016</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2018 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2018</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico">New Mexico 2018</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2018 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2018</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2020</a>*</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_third_party_performances_in_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="List of third party performances in United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a> (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1940_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_New_York_state_election" title="1942 New York state election">New York 1942</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1942_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1942</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1944_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1944_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1946_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1946 California gubernatorial election">California 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1950_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1950 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1952_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1954_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1954 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1956_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1956_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1956_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1958_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1958_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1960_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1960 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1962_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1965_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1965 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">Georgia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Arkansas gubernatorial election">Arkansas 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1971_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1971 Mississippi gubernatorial election">Mississippi 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1972_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1972_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1972_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1973_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1973 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1973</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1974</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_Nevada_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nevada gubernatorial election">Nevada 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1976 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 California gubernatorial election">California 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1982_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1982_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1982_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1988 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1988</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1990</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1990</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1994</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1994</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1998</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1998</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1998</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1999_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1999 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_California_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 California gubernatorial election">California 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New York gubernatorial election">New York 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2002_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2006_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2007_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2007 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2008_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2009_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="2009 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Colorado gubernatorial election">Colorado 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2010</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2010</a></b></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="2011 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2013 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 2013</a></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2014</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2020</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" title="Third party (United States)">Third party (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third-party_officeholders_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-party officeholders in the United States">Third party officeholders in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third-party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives">Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bill_Clinton" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Bill_Clinton" title="Template:Bill Clinton"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Clinton" title="Template talk:Bill Clinton"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Bill_Clinton&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bill_Clinton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_42nd_President_of_the_United_States_(1993–2001)_*_40th_and_42nd_Governor_of_Arkansas_(1979–1981,_1983–1992)"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">42nd</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1993–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Arkansas" title="List of governors of Arkansas">40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas</a> (1979–1981, 1983–1992)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="First inauguration of Bill Clinton">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Second inauguration of Bill Clinton">2nd inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1993)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1993)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1994)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1994)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1995)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1995)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1996)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1996)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1997)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1997)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1998)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1998)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1999)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1999)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(2000%E2%80%93January_2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (2000–January 2001)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(2000%E2%80%93January_2001)#January_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (2000–January 2001)">January 2001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Economic policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AmeriCorps" title="AmeriCorps">AmeriCorps</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">Health care plan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Balanced_Budget_Act_of_1997" title="Balanced Budget Act of 1997">Balanced Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of international presidential trips made by Bill Clinton">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_Doctrine" title="Clinton Doctrine">Clinton Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oslo_I_Accord" title="Oslo I Accord">Oslo I Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a></li> <li>Cruise missile strikes on Iraq <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1993_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1993 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1996 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">1996</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach" title="Operation Infinite Reach">Operation Infinite Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">Bombing of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bombing_of_Iraq_(1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Iraq (1998)">Bombing of Iraq (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Highway_System_(United_States)" title="National Highway System (United States)">National Highway System Designation Act of 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Century" title="Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century">Transportation Equity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/One_America_Initiative" title="One America Initiative">One America Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riegle-Neal_Interstate_Banking_and_Branching_Efficiency_Act_of_1994" title="Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994">Riegle-Neal Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gramm%E2%80%93Leach%E2%80%93Bliley_Act" title="Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act">Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States" title="Lead-based paint in the United States">Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act" title="Safe Drinking Water Act">Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nannygate" title="Nannygate">Nannygate</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom_for_contributors_controversy" title="Lincoln Bedroom for contributors controversy">Lincoln Bedroom for contributors controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commerce_Department_trade_mission_controversy" title="Commerce Department trade mission controversy">Commerce Department trade mission controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_campaign_finance_controversy" title="1996 United States campaign finance controversy">1996 United States campaign finance controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton%E2%80%93Lewinsky_scandal" title="Clinton–Lewinsky scandal">Clinton–Lewinsky scandal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Starr_Report" title="Starr Report">Starr Report</a></i></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">Impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Bill_Clinton" title="Efforts to impeach Bill Clinton">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment inquiry against Bill Clinton">inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment trial of Bill Clinton">trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House_Millennium_Council" title="White House Millennium Council">White House Millennium Council</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_pardon_controversy" title="Bill Clinton pardon controversy">Pardons</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of people pardoned by Bill Clinton">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton#Administration" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Bill Clinton judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Jefferson_Clinton/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:William Jefferson Clinton/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Jefferson_Clinton/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:William Jefferson Clinton/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/100px-Bill_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="3000" /><br /><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_William_Jefferson_Clinton_Birthplace_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site">Childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Early life and career of Bill Clinton">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_Presidential_Center" title="Clinton Presidential Center">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Post-presidency of Bill Clinton">Post-presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_School_of_Public_Service" title="Clinton School of Public Service">Clinton School of Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_Boulevard" title="Bill Clinton Boulevard">Clinton Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Constitution_Center#NCC_and_presidents" title="National Constitution Center">Chairman, National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Bill Clinton">Honors and awards</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_image_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Public image of Bill Clinton">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troopergate_(Bill_Clinton)" title="Troopergate (Bill Clinton)">Troopergate</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_sexual_misconduct_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Clinton sexual misconduct allegations">Sexual misconduct allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1994_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1994 State of the Union Address">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1995_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1995 State of the Union Address">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1996 State of the Union Address">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1997_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1997 State of the Union Address">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1998 State of the Union Address">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1999_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1999 State of the Union Address">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2000 State of the Union Address">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Electoral history of Bill Clinton">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1974_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1974 United States House of Representatives elections">1974</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1980 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1982_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1984 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">1992 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1992 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don%27t_Stop_(Fleetwood_Mac_song)#Political_significance" title="Don&#39;t Stop (Fleetwood Mac song)">theme song</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">1996 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1996 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Bill Clinton">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Between_Hope_and_History" title="Between Hope and History"><i>Between Hope and History</i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/My_Life_(Clinton_autobiography)" title="My Life (Clinton autobiography)"><i>My Life</i> (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Giving:_How_Each_of_Us_Can_Change_the_World" title="Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World"><i>Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Back_to_Work_(book)" title="Back to Work (book)"><i>Back to Work</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_President_Is_Missing_(novel)" title="The President Is Missing (novel)"><i>The President Is Missing</i> (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_President%27s_Daughter_(novel)" title="The President&#39;s Daughter (novel)"><i>The President's Daughter</i> (2021)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Bill Clinton"><i>Saturday Night Live</i> parodies of Bill Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_War_Room" title="The War Room"><i>The War Room</i> (1993 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Hams" title="The Silence of the Hams"><i>The Silence of the Hams</i> (1994 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Primary_Colors_(film)" title="Primary Colors (film)"><i>Primary Colors</i> (1998 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Final_Days_(2000_film)" title="The Final Days (2000 film)"><i>The Final Days</i> (2000 short film)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Hunting_of_the_President" title="The Hunting of the President"><i>The Hunting of the President</i> (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Special_Relationship_(film)" title="The Special Relationship (film)"><i>The Special Relationship</i> (2010 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_(film)" title="Clinton (film)"><i>Clinton</i> (2012 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton"><i>Hillary and Clinton</i> (2016 play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_family" title="Clinton family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Rodham Clinton</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chelsea_Clinton" title="Chelsea Clinton">Chelsea Clinton</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Jefferson_Blythe_Jr." title="William Jefferson Blythe Jr.">William Jefferson Blythe Jr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia_Clinton_Kelley" title="Virginia Clinton Kelley">Virginia Clinton Kelley</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Clinton_Sr." title="Roger Clinton Sr.">Roger Clinton Sr.</a> (first stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Dwire" title="Jeff Dwire">Jeff Dwire</a> (second stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Socks_(cat)" title="Socks (cat)">Socks</a> (cat)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_(dog)" title="Buddy (dog)">Buddy</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whitehaven_(house)" title="Whitehaven (house)">Whitehaven</a> (residence)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">← George H. W. Bush</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Bill_Clinton" title="Category:Bill Clinton">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bill_Clinton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bill Clinton">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Al_Gore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Al_Gore" title="Template:Al Gore"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Al_Gore" title="Template talk:Al Gore"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Al_Gore&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Al_Gore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_45th_Vice_President_of_the_United_States_(1993–2001)_*_U.S._Senator_from_Tennessee_(1985–1993)_*_U.S._Representative_for_TN–4_and_TN–6_(1977–1985)"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">45th</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">from Tennessee</a> (1985–1993)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Tennessee&#39;s 4th congressional district">TN–4</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tennessee%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Tennessee&#39;s 6th congressional district">TN–6</a> (1977–1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atari_Democrat" title="Atari Democrat">Atari Democrat</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prevention_of_Genocide_Act_of_1988" title="Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988">Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Al_Gore" title="Vice presidency of Al Gore">Vice presidency</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="floatright"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/100px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></div><br /><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><img alt="Seal of the Vice President of the United States.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Al_Gore" title="Electoral history of Al Gore">Electoral History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1980 United States House of Representatives elections">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1982_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1982 United States House of Representatives elections">1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1984 United States Senate elections">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1990 United States Senate elections">1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">1992 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1992 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates#October_13:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Atlanta,_Georgia)" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">1996 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_debates#October_9:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Mahaffey_Theater)" title="1996 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">election</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Marshall_Plan" title="Global Marshall Plan">Global Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore_and_the_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Gore and the environment">Environmental activism</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alliance_for_Climate_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Climate Protection">Alliance for Climate Protection</a></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth" title="An Inconvenient Truth">An Inconvenient Truth</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Need_to_Wake_Up" title="I Need to Wake Up">I Need to Wake Up</a>"</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Live_Earth" title="Live Earth">Live Earth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Sequel:_Truth_to_Power" title="An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power">An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore_and_information_technology" title="Al Gore and information technology">Role in information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Performance_Computing_Act_of_1991" title="High Performance Computing Act of 1991">High Performance Computing Act of 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Information_Infrastructure" title="National Information Infrastructure">National Information Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Information_superhighway" title="Information superhighway">Information superhighway</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Superhighway_Summit" title="Superhighway Summit">The Superhighway Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">Deep Space Climate Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/24_Hours_in_Cyberspace" title="24 Hours in Cyberspace">24 Hours in Cyberspace</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NetDay" title="NetDay">NetDay</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Digital_Earth" title="Digital Earth">Digital Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Current_TV" title="Current TV">Current TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_awards_received_by_Al_Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards received by Al Gore">Awards and honors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earth_in_the_Balance" title="Earth in the Balance">Earth in the Balance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Truth (book)">An Inconvenient Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Assault_on_Reason" title="The Assault on Reason">The Assault on Reason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Our_Choice" title="Our Choice">Our Choice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Future:_Six_Drivers_of_Global_Change" title="The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change">The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Sequel_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Sequel (book)">An Inconvenient Sequel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tipper_Gore" title="Tipper Gore">Tipper Gore</a> (wife, <i>separated</i>)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karenna_Gore" title="Karenna Gore">Karenna Gore</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kristin_Gore" title="Kristin Gore">Kristin Gore</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albert_Gore_Sr." title="Albert Gore Sr.">Albert Gore Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pauline_LaFon_Gore" title="Pauline LaFon Gore">Pauline LaFon Gore</a> (mother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Al_Gore" title="Category:Al Gore">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_H._W._Bush" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:George_H._W._Bush" title="Template:George H. W. Bush"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:George_H._W._Bush" title="Template talk:George H. W. Bush"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:George_H._W._Bush&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_H._W._Bush" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*41st_President_of_the_United_States_(1989–1993)_*43rd_Vice_President_of_the_United_States_(1981–1989)_*Director_of_Central_Intelligence_(1976–1977)_*UN_Ambassador_(1971–1973)_*U.S._Representative_for_TX–7_(1967–1971)"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">41st</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1989–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">43rd</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1981–1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> (1976–1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">UN Ambassador</a> (1971–1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Texas%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Texas&#39;s 7th congressional district">TX–7</a> (1967–1971)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inauguration_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Inauguration of George H. W. Bush">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1989)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1989)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1990)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1990)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1991)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1991)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1992%E2%80%93January_1993)" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1992–January 1993)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency_(1992%E2%80%93January_1993)#January_1993" title="Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency (1992–January 1993)">January 1993</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States#The_George_H._W._Bush_Administration_(1989–1993)" title="Environmental policy of the United States">Environmental policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Acid_Rain_Program" title="Acid Rain Program">Acid Rain Program</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lead_and_Copper_Rule" title="Lead and Copper Rule">Lead and Copper Rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union summits</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malta_Summit" title="Malta Summit">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Helsinki_Summit_(1990)" title="Helsinki Summit (1990)">Helsinki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_Chemical_Weapons_Accord" title="1990 Chemical Weapons Accord">Chemical Weapons Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intermodal_Surface_Transportation_Efficiency_Act" title="Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act">Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">1991 Madrid Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Financial_Institutions_Reform,_Recovery,_and_Enforcement_Act_of_1989" title="Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989">FIRRE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation_Improvement_Act_of_1991" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991">FDIC Improvement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Truth_in_Savings_Act" title="Truth in Savings Act">Truth in Savings Act</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Housing_and_Community_Development_Act_of_1992" title="Housing and Community Development Act of 1992">Housing and Community Development Act of 1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Residential_Lead-Based_Paint_Hazard_Reduction_Act" title="Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act">Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Space_Council" title="National Space Council">National Space Council</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_world_order_(politics)#The_Gulf_War_and_Bush&#39;s_formulation" title="New world order (politics)">New world order</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unified_Task_Force" title="Unified Task Force">Unified Task Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement#Negotiation_and_U.S._ratification" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">Negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_vomiting_incident" title="George H. W. Bush vomiting incident">Vomiting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_broccoli_comments" title="George H. W. Bush broccoli comments">Broccoli comments</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House_horseshoe_pit" title="White House horseshoe pit">White House horseshoe pit</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George H. W. Bush">Presidential pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George H. W. Bush">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/C%26O_desk" title="C&amp;O desk">Oval Office desk</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush#Administration" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_Herbert_Walker_Bush/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George Herbert Walker Bush/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_Herbert_Walker_Bush/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George Herbert Walker Bush/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-George_H._W._Bush_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2100" /><br /><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H.W._Bush_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bush_School_of_Government_and_Public_Service" title="Bush School of Government and Public Service">Bush School of Government and Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walker%27s_Point_Estate" title="Walker&#39;s Point Estate">Walker's Point Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Post-presidency of George H. W. Bush">Post-presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1990_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1990 State of the Union Address">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1991_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1991 State of the Union Address">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1992 State of the Union Address">1992</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chicken_Kiev_speech" title="Chicken Kiev speech">Chicken Kiev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George H. W. Bush">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="1964 United States Senate election in Texas">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="1970 United States Senate election in Texas">1970</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1966 United States House of Representatives elections">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections">1968</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign">1980 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1980 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1984 presidential campaign">1984 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush#1980_presidential_election" title="George H. W. Bush">1980 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1988_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1988 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thousand_points_of_light" title="Thousand points of light">"a thousand points of light"</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">"Read my lips: no new taxes"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1988 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush#Public_image" title="George H. W. Bush">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of George H. W. Bush">Saturday Night Live parodies</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_X-Presidents" title="The X-Presidents">The X-Presidents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_Reunion" title="Presidential Reunion">Presidential Reunion</a></i> (2010 short film)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Naked_Gun_2%C2%BD:_The_Smell_of_Fear" title="The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear">The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/What_It_Takes:_The_Way_to_the_White_House" title="What It Takes: The Way to the White House">What It Takes: The Way to the White House</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Hams" title="The Silence of the Hams">The Silence of the Hams</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Bush:_The_Life_of_a_Lone_Star_Yankee" title="George Bush: The Life of a Lone Star Yankee">George Bush: The Life of a Lone Star Yankee</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Family:_The_Real_Story_of_the_Bush_Dynasty" title="The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty">The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H.W._Bush_(film)" title="George H.W. Bush (film)">George H.W. Bush</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bad_for_Democracy" title="Bad for Democracy">Bad for Democracy</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Family_of_Secrets" title="Family of Secrets">Family of Secrets</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/41:_A_Portrait_of_My_Father" title="41: A Portrait of My Father">41: A Portrait of My Father</a></i> (2014 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Destiny_and_Power" title="Destiny and Power">Destiny and Power</a></i> (2015 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George H. W. Bush">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A_World_Transformed" title="A World Transformed">A World Transformed</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_the_Best_(book)" title="All the Best (book)">All the Best</a></i> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_memorials,_honors,_and_awards_of_George_H._W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of memorials, honors, and awards of George H. W. Bush">Legacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George H. W. Bush">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H.W._Bush_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bush_School_of_Government_and_Public_Service" title="Bush School of Government and Public Service">Bush School of Government</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Freedom_Award" title="Ronald Reagan Freedom Award">Reagan Award</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport" title="George Bush Intercontinental Airport">George Bush Intercontinental Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USS_George_H.W._Bush" title="USS George H.W. Bush">USS <i>George H.W. Bush</i> (CVN-77)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (son</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">presidency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_Bush" title="Pauline Robinson Bush">Pauline Robinson Bush</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Bush" title="Neil Bush">Neil Bush</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marvin_Bush" title="Marvin Bush">Marvin Bush</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Bush_Coyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Bush Coyne">Barbara Bush Coyne</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager" title="Jenna Bush Hager">Jenna Bush Hager</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_P._Bush" title="George P. Bush">George P. Bush</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lauren_Bush" title="Lauren Bush">Lauren Bush</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pierce_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierce Bush">Pierce Bush</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prescott_Bush" title="Prescott Bush">Prescott Bush</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dorothy_Walker_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Walker Bush">Dorothy Walker Bush</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Walker_Bush_Ellis" title="Nancy Walker Bush Ellis">Nancy Walker Bush Ellis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Bush" title="Jonathan Bush">Jonathan Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_H._T._Bush" title="William H. T. Bush">William H. T. Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_P._Bush" title="Samuel P. Bush">Samuel P. Bush</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Herbert_Walker" title="George Herbert Walker">George Herbert Walker</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Smith_Bush" title="James Smith Bush">James Smith Bush</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Obadiah_Bush" title="Obadiah Bush">Obadiah Bush</a> (great-great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millie_(dog)" title="Millie (dog)">Millie</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sully_(dog)" title="Sully (dog)">Sully (service dog)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">← Ronald Reagan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">← Walter Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:George_H._W._Bush" title="Category:George H. W. Bush">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dan_Quayle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Dan_Quayle" title="Template:Dan Quayle"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Dan_Quayle" title="Template talk:Dan Quayle"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Dan_Quayle&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dan_Quayle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_44th_Vice_President_of_the_United_States_(1989–1993)&amp;#95;_*_U.S._Senator_from_Indiana_(1981—1989)&amp;#95;_*_U.S._Representative_for_IN–4_(1977—1981)"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Indiana" title="List of United States senators from Indiana">from Indiana</a> (1981—1989)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indiana%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Indiana&#39;s 4th congressional district">IN–4</a> (1977—1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Dan_Quayle" title="Electoral history of Dan Quayle">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">1978</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="1980 United States Senate election in Indiana">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1986_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="1986 United States Senate election in Indiana">1986</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1988_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1988 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_debates#October_5:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Omaha_Civic_Auditorium)" title="1988 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates#October_13:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Atlanta,_Georgia)" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Dan Quayle 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="floatright"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dan_Quayle_crop.jpg/100px-Dan_Quayle_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" data-file-width="1675" data-file-height="2175" /></div><br /><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><img alt="Seal of the Vice President of the United States.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senator,_you%27re_no_Jack_Kennedy" title="Senator, you&#39;re no Jack Kennedy">Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle#Murphy_Brown" title="Dan Quayle"><i>Murphy Brown</i> speech</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Quayle#Gaffes" title="Dan Quayle">Gaffes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danny_Goes_to_Mars" title="Danny Goes to Mars">Danny Goes to Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quayle_Vice_Presidential_Learning_Center" title="Quayle Vice Presidential Learning Center">Quayle Vice Presidential Learning Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cerberus_Capital_Management" title="Cerberus Capital Management">Cerberus Capital Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_C._Pulliam" title="Eugene C. Pulliam">Eugene C. Pulliam</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_C._Quayle" title="James C. Quayle">James C. Quayle</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nina_Mason_Pulliam" title="Nina Mason Pulliam">Nina Mason Pulliam</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marilyn_Quayle" title="Marilyn Quayle">Marilyn Quayle</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Quayle" title="Ben Quayle">Ben Quayle</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">← George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore →</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control:_National_libraries_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699776#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control:_National_libraries_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699776#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control: National libraries</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699776#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007566598005171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008109608">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>'
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
'1665071605'
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AbuseLog/33543940"