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'{{Short description|Pakistan-based militant Islamist organization}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox War Faction | name = Lashkar-e-Taiba<br />{{lang|ur|لشکرِ طیبہ}} | other_name = Jamaat-ud-Dawa<br />{{lang|ur|جماعت الدعوہ}} | image = [[File:Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg|border|200px]] | caption = Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba | dates = 1985, but officially in 1986<ref name=reuters20090706 /><ref name="satp" /><ref name=cronin />–present | headquarters = [[Muridke]], [[Punjab Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]] | founders = | leader1_title = [[Emir|Ameer]] | leader1_name = [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed]] | leader2_title = [[Naib]] [[Emir|Ameer]] | leader2_name = [[Abdul Rehman Makki]] | motives = Integration of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] with Pakistan<ref name="Harvey">Encyclopedia of Terrorism, pp 212–213, By Harvey W. Kushner, Edition: illustrated, Published by SAGE, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7619-2408-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7619-2408-1}}</ref><ref name="Dawn-Who is Lashkar-e-Tayyiba">{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.net/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/news/world/who-are-the-lashkar-e-tayiba-yn |title=Who is Lashkar-e-Tayiba |work=Dawn |date=3 December 2008 |access-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706221147/http://www.dawn.net/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/news/world/who-are-the-lashkar-e-tayiba-yn |archive-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> | partof = [[United Jihad Council]]<ref name="map"/> | status = Active | clans = *The Resistance Front and United Liberation Front{{efn|TRF And ULF active in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] Lashkar-e-Taiba and [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] leaders form the core of the TRF in [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] and ULF is Group of [[Al Badr]] but also working with TRF against [[India]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Pak launches terror's new face in Kashmir, Imran Khan follows up on Twitter|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pak-launches-terror-s-new-face-in-kashmir-imran-khan-follows-up-on-twitter/story-vDmvByzkeowrW8OKruhS3M.html|last=Gupta|first=Shishir|date=2020-05-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|title='Pakistan trying to securalise Kashmir militancy': Lashkar regroups in Valley as The Resistance Front|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jammu-kashmir-lashkar-regroups-as-the-resistance-front-6394158/|date=2020-05-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref name="Gupta">{{Cite web|title=New J&K terror outfit run by LeT brass: Intel|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-j-k-terror-outfit-run-by-let-brass-intel/story-wLZ5ACFQJMHVa8kt7weTPO.html|last=Gupta|first=Shishir|date=2020-05-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref name="The Economic Times">{{Cite news|last1=Pubby|first1=Manu|last2=Chaudhury|first2=Dipanjan Roy|date=2020-04-29|title=The Resistance Front: New name of terror groups in Kashmir|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/the-resistance-front-new-name-of-terror-groups-in-kashmir/articleshow/75440416.cms|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref name="CNN News18">{{cite news |title=Security Forces Have Eliminated Over 100 Militants in Jammu and Kashmir This Year, Say Officials |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/security-forces-have-eliminated-over-100-militants-in-jammu-and-kashmir-this-year-say-officials-2659491.html |access-date=8 June 2020 |publisher=CNN News18 |date=8 June 2020}}</ref>}} *[[Virginia jihad network]]<ref name="Markon">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/25/AR2006082500460.html |title=Teacher Sentenced for Aiding Terrorists |access-date=5 December 2008 |last=Markon |first=Jerry |date=26 August 2006 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108055542/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/25/AR2006082500460.html |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> | area = Worldwide Predominantly in the [[Indian subcontinent]] * [[Pakistan]]<ref name="Harvey" /> * [[India]]<ref name='tankel201104' /> * [[Afghanistan]]<ref>{{cite news| title=Militant Group Expands Attacks in Afghanistan Indian Targeted by Laskar-e-taiba| website=[[The New York Times]]| date=16 June 2010| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/world/asia/16lashkar.html| last1=Rubin| first1=Alissa J.}}</ref><ref name="satp"/><ref name="cronin">{{cite report|last=Kurth Cronin|first=Audrey|author2=Huda Aden|author3=Adam Frost|author4=Benjamin Jones|date=6 February 2004|title=Foreign Terrorist Organizations|url=https://fas.org/irp/crs/RL32223.pdf|url-status=live|publisher=Congressional Research Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304065259/http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32223.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2009|access-date=4 March 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> * [[Australia]]<ref name=hogan>Shandon Harris-Hogan. "The Australian Neojihadist network: Origins, evolution and structure." ''Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict'', Volume 5, Issue 1. Global Terrorism Research Centre. Monash University. Victoria: Australia. (2012): pp. 18- 30.</ref><ref name=Koschade>Koschade, Stuart Andrew. "The internal dynamics of terrorist cells: a social network analysis of terrorist cells in an Australian context." (2007).</ref> * [[United States]]<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/press-release-archive-1997-1/pr61797.html |title=Statement by CIA and FBI on Arrest of Mir Aimal Kansi |access-date=17 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926231331/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/press-releases-statements/press-release-archive-1997-1/pr61797.html |archive-date=26 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Bangladesh]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2010/0805/Pakistani-militants-expand-abroad-starting-in-Bangladesh|title=Pakistani militants expand abroad, starting in Bangladesh|journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=5 August 2010 }}</ref> * [[Nepal]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Militants hiding in Poonch forests getting help from Nepal|website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcK5wvvVsdA&ab_channel=HindustanTimes |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/BcK5wvvVsdA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|access-date=28 October 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | active = | ideology = [[Ahl-e-Hadith]] (in polítics)<ref>Christine Fair, ''Understanding the Lashkar-e-Tayyaba'', Oxford University Press (2019), p. 91</ref><br /> [[Islamism]]<ref name=haqqani>{{cite journal |last1=Haqqani |first1=Husain |year=2005 |title=The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups |journal=[[Current Trends in Islamist Ideology]] |publisher=[[Hudson Institute]] |volume=1 |pages=12–26 |url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Ideologies.pdf |access-date=11 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080139/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Ideologies%2Epdf |archive-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Globalecco">{{Cite web|url=https://globalecco.org/ctx-v1n1/lashkar-e-taiba|title=THE FINANCING OF LASHKAR-E-TAIBA|date=June 2018|website=Global Ecco}}</ref><br /> [[Islamic fundamentalism]]<ref name=hindu20081206/><ref name=saAnalysis>{{cite news|url=http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/papers4/paper374.html |title=The Lashkar-e-Toiba (LET) |author=Raman, B. |date=15 December 2001 |access-date=6 December 2008 |publisher=South Asia Analysis Group |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613182244/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers4/paper374.html |archive-date=13 June 2010 }}</ref><br /> [[Jihad]]ism<ref name=haqqani /><br /> [[Ghazwa-e-Hind]]<ref name="Haqqani2015">{{cite web |last1=Haqqani |first1=Husain |title=Prophecy & the Jihad in the Indian subcontinent - by Husain Haqqani |url=https://www.hudson.org/research/11167-prophecy-the-jihad-in-the-indian-subcontinent |publisher=Hudson Institute |language=en |date=27 March 2015|quote=For example, Lashkar-e-Taiba has often spoken of Ghazwa-e-Hind as a means of liberating Kashmir from Indian control. The group’s founder, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, has declared repeatedly that “[i]f freedom is not given to the Kashmiris, then we will occupy the whole of India including Kashmir. We will launch Ghazwa-e-Hind. Our homework is complete to get Kashmir.” Pakistani propagandist Zaid Hamid has also repeatedly invoked Ghazwa-e-Hind as a battle against Hindu India led from Muslim Pakistan. According to Hamid, “Allah has destined the people of Pakistan” with victory and “Allah is the aid and helper of Pakistan.”}}</ref> <br /> [[Anti-Zionism]]<ref name="adl.org">Anti-Defamation League, [http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/LET_Targets_Jews_West.htm "LET Targets Jewish and Western Interests" 2 December 2009]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006083239/http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/LET_Targets_Jews_West.htm |date=6 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="AP">[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/29/nyregion/29chabad.html?_r=0 Jewish Zionist Center Is Stormed by Pak-backed Lashkar-e-Taiba Islamist Group, and 6 Israeli Hostages Died] The New York Times (28 November 2008)</ref><ref name="Remembering the Terror in Mumbai">Warren Kozak, [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204630904577055863900368528 Remembering the Terror in Mumbai] The Wall Street Journal</ref> <br /> [[Anti-Hindu|Anti-Hindu sentiment]]<ref>[https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204630904577055863900368528 Remembering the Terror in Mumbai] The Wall Street Journal</ref><br />[[Anti-Communism|Anti-Soviet]]<ref name="tellis2010c">{{cite news|author=Ashley J. Tellis|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0311_testimony_tellis.pdf|title=Bad Company – Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Mujahidein in Pakistan|date=11 March 2010|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411035030/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/0311%5Ftestimony%5Ftellis%2Epdf|archive-date=11 April 2010|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|quote=The group's earliest operations were focused on the Kunar and Paktia provinces in Afghanistan, where LeT had set up several training camps in support of the jihad against the Soviet occupation.|df=dmy-all}} </ref> | position = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]<ref name="eastasiaforum.org">{{cite web|date=27 December 2017|title=Democracy between military might and the ultra-right in Pakistan|url=http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/12/27/democracy-between-military-might-and-the-ultra-right-in-pakistan/|website=East Asia Forum|access-date=4 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202435/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/12/27/democracy-between-military-might-and-the-ultra-right-in-pakistan/|archive-date=5 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Didier Chaudet">{{cite web|language=fr|author=Didier Chaudet|date=3 July 2012|title=L'extrême-droite pakistanaise est-elle une menace pour les Etats-Unis?|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/didier-chaudet/difa-e-pakistan--extreme-droite-menace-etats-unis_b_1633325.html|website=Huffington Post|access-date=6 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022859/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/didier-chaudet/difa-e-pakistan--extreme-droite-menace-etats-unis_b_1633325.html|archive-date=7 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | attacks = * [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu & Kashmir attacks]] * [[2000 terrorist attack on Red Fort|December 2000 terrorist attack on Red Fort]] * [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]] * [[2005 Delhi bombings]] * [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]] | designated_as_terror_group_by = {{hlist| |United States |Australia |India |United Kingdom |Russia |Japan<ref>[https://www.moj.go.jp/psia/ITH/organizations/SW_S-asia/LeT.html 公安調査庁 - ラシュカレ・タイバ（LeT）]. [[Ministry of Justice (Japan)]].</ref> |Pakistan<ref> {{cite web|date=30 January 2016|title=Lashkar-e-Taiba|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/79#designated|website=Stanford University|access-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726031820/https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/79#designated|archive-date=26 July 2018|url-status=live}} </ref>}}|[[EU]]|[[UN]] | size = | war = [[Soviet-Afghan war]]<ref name="tellis2010">{{cite news|author=Ashley J. Tellis|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0311_testimony_tellis.pdf|title=Bad Company – Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Mujahidein in Pakistan and Afghanistan|date=11 March 2010|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411035030/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/0311%5Ftestimony%5Ftellis%2Epdf|archive-date=11 April 2010|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|quote=The group's earliest operations were focused on the Kunar and Paktia provinces in Afghanistan, where LeT had set up several training camps in support of the jihad against the Soviet occupation.|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <br /> [[Kashmir conflict]] <br /> [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] <br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaama.com/8-foreign-terrorists-killed-wounded-as-afghan-forces-target-lashkar-e-taiba-compound-03612/|title=8 foreign terrorists killed, wounded as Afghan forces target Lashkar-e-Taiba compound|newspaper=The Khaama Press News Agency|publisher=Khaama Press|access-date=13 June 2019|date=13 June 2019|last1=Says|first1=Amail Khan Yar}}</ref> | allegiance = Pakistan<ref name="Winchell 2003 374–388">{{citation |title=Pakistan's ISI: The Invisible Government |first=Sean P. |last=Winchell |journal=International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence |volume=16 |pages=374–388 |number=3 |year=2003 |doi=10.1080/713830449 |s2cid=154924792 |ref={{sfnref|Winchell, Pakistan's ISI: The Invisible Government|2003}}}}</ref><ref name="tellis2010b"> {{cite news|author=Ashley J. Tellis|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0311_testimony_tellis.pdf|title=Bad Company – Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Mujahidein in Pakistan|date=11 March 2010|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411035030/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/0311%5Ftestimony%5Ftellis%2Epdf|archive-date=11 April 2010|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|quote=The group's earliest operations were focused on the Kunar and Paktia provinces in Afghanistan, where LeT had set up several training camps in support of the jihad against the Soviet occupation.|df=dmy-all}} </ref><ref name="eastasiaforum.org">{{cite web|date=27 December 2017|title=Democracy between military might and the ultra-right in Pakistan|url=http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/12/27/democracy-between-military-might-and-the-ultra-right-in-pakistan/|website=East Asia Forum|access-date=4 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202435/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/12/27/democracy-between-military-might-and-the-ultra-right-in-pakistan/|archive-date=5 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Didier Chaudet"/><ref name='tankel201104'/> | allies = '''Non-state allies''' * {{flagdeco|Taliban}} [[Haqqani network]]<ref name=toi_brother-in-law>{{cite news|last=Parashar|first=Sachin|title=Hafiz Saeed's brother-in-law Abdul Rehman Makki is a conduit between Lashkar-e-Taiba and Taliban|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701093459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 April 2012}}</ref> * {{flag|Taliban}}<ref name=toi_brother-in-lawb>{{cite news|last=Parashar|first=Sachin|title=Hafiz Saeed's brother-in-law Abdul Rehman Makki is a conduit between Lashkar-e-Taiba and Taliban|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701093459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 April 2012}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] * {{flagicon image|}} [[Hizbul Mujahideen]] * {{flagicon image|Al-badr flag.png}} [[Al-Badr (India)|Al-Badr]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]] * {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam]]<ref>[http://archives.dawn.com/archives/34839 Sri Lankan report links LTTE with LeT] ''Dawn'' – 9 March 2009</ref> * {{flagicon image|Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg}} [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind.svg}} [[Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind]] * [[Al Rashid Trust]] * [[Jamaat-ud-Dawa]]<ref name="map">[http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/maps/view/pak Pakistan]. ''Mapping Militants''. [[Stanford University]].</ref> * [[Indian Mujahideen]]<ref>[https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/database/indian-mujahideen-2012 Indian Mujahideen]. [[Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism]].</ref> * [[People’s Anti-Fascist Front]]<ref name="tt">{{cite web | url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/peoples-anti-fascist-front-paff-jammu-and-kashmir/ | title=People's Anti-Fascist Front (PAFF) - Jammu & Kashmir |website= Tracking Terrorism}}</ref> '''State allies''' * {{flag|Pakistan}} | opponents = '''State opponents''' * {{flagdeco|India}} India * {{flag|United States}}<ref name="cia.gov"/><ref name="Markon"/><ref name="ReferenceA">Anti-Defamation League, [http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/tarek_mehanna_arrest.htm "Massachusetts Man Arrested for Attempting to Wage ‘Violent Jihad’ against America" 22 October 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109083826/http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/tarek_mehanna_arrest.htm |date=9 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="FBI – Help Us Catch a Terrorist">{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2012/october/help-us-catch-a-terrorist/help-us-catch-a-terrorist |title=FBI – Help Us Catch a Terrorist |publisher=Fbi.gov |access-date=7 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007005531/http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2012/october/help-us-catch-a-terrorist/help-us-catch-a-terrorist/ |archive-date=7 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Fox News Channel">{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/10/03/massachusetts-man-sought-for-supporting-al-qaeda-50g-reward-offered/ |title=FBI offering $50G reward for Massachusetts man wanted for supporting Al Qaeda |publisher=Fox News Channel |access-date=7 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006155313/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/10/03/massachusetts-man-sought-for-supporting-al-qaeda-50g-reward-offered/ |archive-date=6 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> * {{flag|Turkey}} * {{flag|Israel}}<ref name="Remembering the Terror in Mumbai">Warren Kozak, [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204630904577055863900368528 Remembering the Terror in Mumbai] The Wall Street Journal</ref> * {{flagdeco|Islamic State of Afghanistan}} [[Afghan Northern Alliance|Northern Alliance]]<ref name="SAGE">{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Gus|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition|publisher=SAGE|page=341|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAVqklkq2uUC&pg=PA341|isbn=978-1-4129-8016-6|date=15 June 2011}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2021}} ''Formerly'': * {{flagdeco|Soviet Union}} Soviet Union <small>(1987–1989)</small><ref name="tellis2010c"/> * Democratic Republic of Afghanistan <small>(until 1992)</small> * [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] <small>(until 2021)</small><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaama.com/8-foreign-terrorists-killed-wounded-as-afghan-forces-target-lashkar-e-taiba-compound-03612/|title=8 foreign terrorists killed, wounded as Afghan forces target Lashkar-e-Taiba compound|newspaper=The Khaama Press News Agency|publisher=Khaama Press|access-date=13 June 2019|date=13 June 2019|last1=Says|first1=Amail Khan Yar}}</ref> }} '''Lashkar-e-Taiba''' ('''LeT'''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|لشکرِ طیبہ}}}} {{IPA-hns|ˈləʃkər eː ˈt̪ɛːjba|}}; literally ''Army of the Good'', translated as ''Army of the Righteous'', or ''Army of the Pure'' and alternatively spelled as ''Lashkar-e-Tayyiba'', ''Lashkar-e-Toiba'', ''Lashkar-i-Taiba'', ''Lashkar-i-Tayyeba'')<ref name="satp">{{cite web| title=Lashkar-e-Toiba 'Army of the Pure'| publisher=South Asia Terrorism Portal| year=2001| url=http://satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm| access-date=21 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117041048/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm| archive-date=17 January 2009| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="cfrprofile">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/|title=Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (a.k.a. Lashkar e-Tayyiba, Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba)|author=Jayshree Bajoria|date=14 January 2010|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605151918/http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/|archive-date=5 June 2010|access-date=11 May 2010}}</ref><ref name=bbcprofile/> is a [[militant]] [[Islamist]] organisation operating against India in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai Terror Attacks Fast Facts|date=19 September 2013 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/18/world/asia/mumbai-terror-attacks/|publisher=CNN|access-date=21 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522031149/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/18/world/asia/mumbai-terror-attacks/|archive-date=22 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It was founded by [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed|Hafiz Saeed]], [[Abdullah Yusuf Azzam|Abdullah Azzam]] and several other [[Islamist]] [[Afghan mujahideen|mujahideen]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of Global Jihad |url=http://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0118_pakistan_america.aspx |publisher=Brookings.edu |access-date=28 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127080018/http://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0118_pakistan_america.aspx |archive-date=27 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of Global Jihad, transcript |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2011/0118_pakistan/20110118_deadly_embrace.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20111029182345/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2011/0118_pakistan/20110118_deadly_embrace.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=Brookings.edu |access-date=28 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The 9/11 Attacks' Spiritual Father |url=http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0911_riedel.aspx |publisher=Brookings.edu |access-date=28 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127015845/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0911_riedel.aspx |archive-date=27 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/02sld15.htm|title=The 15 faces of terror |work=Rediff.com|access-date=28 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122023124/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/02sld15.htm|archive-date=22 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> with funding from [[Osama bin Laden]]<ref name="Stephen E. Atkins">{{cite book|last1=E. Atkins|first1=Stephen|title=Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups|date=2004|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0313324857|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000atki/page/173 173]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000atki|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Globalecco" /> during the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].<ref name="tellis2010d"> {{cite news|author=Ashley J. Tellis|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0311_testimony_tellis.pdf|title=Bad Company – Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Mujahidein in Pakistan and Afghanistan|date=11 March 2010|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411035030/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/0311%5Ftestimony%5Ftellis%2Epdf|archive-date=11 April 2010|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|quote=The group's earliest operations were focused on the Kunar and Paktia provinces in Afghanistan, where LeT had set up several training camps in support of the jihad against the Soviet occupation.}} </ref> The organisation is allegedly part of [[Operation Tupac]] and trained and funded by the [[Pakistan Army]] and the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/pak-terrorist-spills-the-beans-on-camera-admits-lashkar-pakistan-army-gave-him-money-for-terror-activities/videoshow/86614487.cms|title=Pak terrorist spills the beans on camera, admits Lashkar, Pakistan Army gave him money for terror activities |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="Winchell 2003 374–388"/><ref name="tellis2010e">{{cite news|author=Ashley J. Tellis|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0311_testimony_tellis.pdf|title=Bad Company – Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Mujahidein in Pakistan|date=11 March 2010|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411035030/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/0311%5Ftestimony%5Ftellis%2Epdf|archive-date=11 April 2010|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|quote=The group's earliest operations were focused on the Kunar and Paktia provinces in Afghanistan, where LeT had set up several training camps in support of the jihad against the Soviet occupation.|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The organization is designated as a [[terrorist organization|terrorist organisation]] by Pakistan, India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx |title=Banned Terrorist Organizations |publisher=[[National Investigation Agency]] |access-date=2 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110115355/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx|archive-date=10 January 2016}}</ref> the United States,<ref> [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031226/world.htm#4 USA redesignates Pakistan-based terror groups] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906073238/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031226/world.htm#4 |date=6 September 2006}} ''The Tribune''</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref> {{cite act |title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]] |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |access-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121085241/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2 |url-status=live |archive-date=21 January 2013}}</ref> the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003D0902:EN:HTML |title=Council Decision of 22 December 2003 |publisher=Eur-lex.europa.eu |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930012828/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003D0902:EN:HTML |archive-date=30 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Russia, Australia,<ref name="ANS1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/default.aspx |title=Listed terrorist organizations |publisher=Australian National Security |access-date=16 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025195553/https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=25 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the United Nations (under the UNSC Resolution 1267 Al-Qaeda Sanctions List).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list |title=Sanctions List Materials &#124; United Nations Security Council |access-date=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216040651/https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The organization's stated objective is to merge the whole of [[Kashmir]] with Pakistan.<ref name="Dawn-Who is Lashkar-e-Tayyiba" /><ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html The evolution of Islamic Terrorism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912020220/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html|date=12 September 2017}} by John Moore, PBS </ref> Though formally banned by Pakistan,<ref name="Arshad">{{Cite news |author=Arshad, Muhammad |title=JUD not included in revised list |date=7 November 2011 |newspaper=Pakistan Observer |location=Islamabad |url=http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=123885 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051335/http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=123885 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="No-coverage">{{Cite news |title=No Coverage of JUD, other proscribed outfits |date=3 November 2015 |newspaper=Pakistan Observer |location=Islamabad |url=http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=277875 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051251/http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=277875 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the general view of India and some Western analysts is that [[Inter-Services Intelligence|Pakistan's main intelligence agency]] continues to give LeT help and protection.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/2011/05/coll-likely-bin-laden-successor-will-struggle.html |title=Steve Coll: "Zawahiri's record suggests he will struggle" &#124; FRONTLINE |publisher=PBS |date=2 May 2011 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113140533/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/2011/05/coll-likely-bin-laden-successor-will-struggle.html |archive-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CSIS">{{Citation |last1=Cordesman |first1=Anthony H. |last2=Burke |first2=Arleigh A. |last3=Vira |first3=Varun |title=Pakistan: Violence vs. Stability |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/70694522/Pakistan-Violence-Versus-Stability |series=Burke Chair in Strategy |date=25 July 2011 |pages=183–184 |place=Washington, DC |publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012043028/https://www.scribd.com/doc/70694522/Pakistan-Violence-Versus-Stability |archive-date=12 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Indian government's view is that Pakistan, particularly through [[Inter-Services Intelligence|its intelligence agency]], has both supported the group and sheltered the group's leader [[Hafiz Saeed]];<ref name="Atkins" /> It has been accused by India of attacking military and civilian targets in India, most notably the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]], the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] and the [[2019 Pulwama attack|2019 Pulwama attack on Armed Forces]].<ref name="David">{{cite web |publisher=European Foundation for South Asian Studies |title=David Coleman Headley: Tinker, Tailor, American, Lashkar-e-Taiba, ISI Spy |url=https://www.efsas.org/publications/study-papers/david-coleman-headley-tinker,-tailor,-american,-lashkar-e-taibah,-isi-spy/}}</ref> ==Objectives== While the primary area of operations of LeT's terrorist activities is the [[Kashmir Valley]], their professed goal is not limited to challenging India's sovereignty over Jammu and [[Kashmir]]. LeT sees the issue of Kashmir as part of a wider global struggle.<ref name=randjan2009>{{cite book|first=Angel|last=Rabasa|author2=Robert D. Blackwill|author3=Peter Chalk|author4=Kim Cragin|author5=C. Christine Fair|author6=Brian A. Jackson|author7=Brian Michael Jenkins|author8=Seth G. Jones|author9=Nathaniel Shestak|author10=Ashley J. Tellis|title=The Lessons of Mumbai|publisher=The [[RAND Corporation]]|year=2009|url=http://rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP249/|access-date=27 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120091831/http://rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP249/|archive-date=20 January 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The group has adopted maximalist agenda of global [[jihad]] though its operations have so far been limited to Kashmir. The group justifies its ideology on [[The Jihad verse (Quran 2:216)|verse 2:216]] of the [[Quran]]. Extrapolating from this verse, the group asserts that military jihad is a religious obligation of all Muslims and defines the many circumstances under which it must be carried out. In a pamphlet entitled "Why Are We Waging Jihad?", the group states that all of India along with many other countries were once ruled by Muslims and were Muslim lands, which is their duty to take it back from the non-Muslims. It declared United States, India, and Israel as "existential enemies of Islam".<ref name=haqqani /><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4416771.stm Who are the Kashmir militants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228011213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4416771.stm |date=28 February 2017}}, [[BBC News]], 6 April 2005</ref> LeT believes that jihad is the duty of all Muslims and must be waged until eight objectives are met: Establishing Islam as the dominant way of life in the world, forcing disbelievers to pay [[jizya]] (a tax on non-Muslims), fighting for the weak and feeble against oppressors, exacting revenge for killed Muslims, punishing enemies for violating oaths and treaties, defending all Muslim states, and recapturing occupied Muslim territory. The group construes lands once ruled by Muslims as Muslim lands and considers it as their duty to get them back. It embraces a pan-Islamist rationale for military action.<ref name='tankel201104'>{{citation |first=Stephen |last=Tankel |title=Lashkar-e-Taiba: Past Operations and Future Prospects |series=National Security Studies Program Policy Paper |publisher=New America Foundation |place=Washington, DC |date=27 April 2011|url=http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Tankel_LeT_0.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507114538/http://newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Tankel_LeT_0.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=haqqani /> Although it views Pakistan's ruling powers as hypocrites, it doesn't support revolutionary jihad at home because the struggle in Pakistan "is not a struggle between Islam and disbelief". The pamphlet "Why do we do Jihad?" states, "If we declare war against those who have professed Faith, we cannot do war with those who haven’t." The group instead seeks reform through [[Dawah|dawa]]. It aims to bring Pakistanis to LeT's interpretation of Ahl-e-Hadith Islam and thus, transforming the society in which they live.<ref name='tankel201104' /> LeT's leaders have argued that Indian-administered Kashmir was the closest occupied land, and observed that the ratio of occupying forces to the population there was one of the highest in the world, meaning this was among the most substantial occupations of Muslim land. Thus, LeT cadres could volunteer to fight on other fronts but were obligated to fight in Indian-administered Kashmir.<ref name='tankel201104' /> The group was also said to be motivated by the 1992 [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|demolition of the Babri Mosque]] by Hindu nationalists, for attacks directed against India.<ref name="Gordon">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xllmBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|title=India's Rise as an Asian Power: Nation, Neighborhood, and Region|last2=Gordon|first2=A. D. D.|date=2014|publisher=Georgetown University Press|isbn=9781626160743|pages=54–58|last1=Gordon|first1=Sandy}}</ref> In the wake of the [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]], investigations of computer and email accounts revealed a list of 320 locations worldwide deemed as possible targets for attack. Analysts believed that the list was a statement of intent rather than a list of locations where LeT cells had been established and were ready to strike.<ref> {{cite news|last=Ramesh|first=Randeep|title=Mumbai attackers had hit list of 320 world targets|work=The Guardian|date=19 February 2009|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/19/mumbai-attacks-list-targets|access-date=19 February 2009|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906045003/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/19/mumbai-attacks-list-targets|archive-date=6 September 2013|url-status=live}} </ref> In January 2009, LeT publicly declared that it would pursue a peaceful resolution in the Kashmir issue and that it did not have global jihadist aims, but the group is still believed to be active in several other spheres of anti-Indian terrorism.<ref name="Roul-A">{{cite journal|last=Roul|first=Animesh|title=Pakistan's Lashkar-e-Taiba Chooses Between Kashmir and the Global Jihad |journal=Terrorism Focus |volume=6|issue=3|publisher=Jamestown Foundation |location=Washington, D.C.|year=2009 |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=34421 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061011/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=34421 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The disclosures of [[Abu Jundal]], who was sent to India by the Saudi Arabian government, however, revealed that LeT is planning to revive militancy in Jammu and Kashmir and conduct major terror strikes in India. ==Leadership== * [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed]] – founder of LeT and ''aamir'' of its political arm, JuD.<ref name=TimesofIndia-2008-12-05-Lashkar-chief>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-05/india/27905413_1_terror-attacks-terror-list-muridke|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103080104/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-05/india/27905413_1_terror-attacks-terror-list-muridke|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|title=We didn't attack Mumbai, says Lashkar chief|date=5 December 2008|access-date=25 May 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Shortly after the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] Saeed denied any links between the two groups: "No Lashkar-e-Taiba man is in Jamaat-ud-Dawa and I have never been a chief of Lashkar-e-Taiba." On 25 June 2014, the United States declared JuD an affiliate of LeT.<ref>{{cite news|title=US names jud as terror outfit, sanctions 2 let leaders|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/us-names-jud-as-terror-outfit-sanctions-2-let-leaders/1014377|access-date=26 June 2014|work=Patrika Group|language=hi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628223538/http://www.patrika.com/news/us-names-jud-as-terror-outfit-sanctions-2-let-leaders/1014377|archive-date=28 June 2014}}</ref> * [[Abdul Rehman Makki]] – living in Pakistan – second in command of LeT. He is the brother-in-law of [[Hafiz Muhammad Saeed]].<ref name=toi_brother-in-lawc>{{cite news|last=Parashar|first=Sachin|title=Hafiz Saeed's brother-in-law Abdul Rehman Makki is a conduit between Lashkar-e-Taiba and Taliban|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103074453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-05/pakistan/31293871_1_hafiz-saeed-indian-agencies-mullah-omar|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|access-date=25 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 April 2012}}</ref> The US has offered a reward of $2 million for information leading to the location of Makki.<ref name=rewardsforjustice.net>{{cite web |title=Hafiz Abdul Rahman Makki |url=http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=makki&language=english |work=Articles |publisher=Rewards for Justice Website |access-date=25 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424071335/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=makki&language=english |archive-date=24 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Walsh> {{cite news|last=Walsh|first=Declan|title=U.S. Offers $10 Million Reward for Pakistani Militant Tied to Mumbai Attacks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/04/world/asia/us-offers-10-million-reward-for-pakistani-militant.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=The New York Times|date=3 April 2012|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629213147/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/04/world/asia/us-offers-10-million-reward-for-pakistani-militant.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=live}} </ref> * [[Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi]] – released on bail from custody of Pakistan military<ref name="LakhviArrestWaPo"> {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/08/AR2008120800331.html |title=Pakistan Arrests Suspected Mastermind of Mumbai Attacks |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=9 December 2008 |access-date=17 December 2011 |first=Candace |last=Rondeaux |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217232147/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/08/AR2008120800331.html |archive-date=17 February 2011 |url-status=live}} </ref> – senior member of LeT. Named as one of the masterminds of the 2008 Mumbai attacks.<ref name=IndianExpress-2008-12-04>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/-Lakhvi-and-Muzammil-of-LeT-masterminded-Mumbai-attacks-/394219|title=Lakhvi, Yusuf of LeT planned Mumbai attack|agency=Associated Press|date=4 December 2008|access-date=5 December 2008}}</ref><ref name=buncombe>{{cite news |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |title='Uncle' named as Mumbai terror conspirator |work=The Independent |date=8 December 2008 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uncle-named-as-mumbai-terror-conspirator-1057699.html |access-date=27 January 2009 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211104909/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uncle-named-as-mumbai-terror-conspirator-1057699.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 18 December 2014 (two days after the [[2014 Peshawar school massacre|Peshawar school attack]]), the Pakistani anti-terrorism court granted Lakhvi bail against payment of surety bonds worth Rs. 500,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=ATC approves bail of Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi in Mumbai attacks case |work=Dawn |date=18 December 2014 |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1151617/atc-approves-bail-of-zakiur-rehman-lakhvi-in-mumbai-attacks-case |access-date=18 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223121845/http://www.dawn.com/news/1151617/atc-approves-bail-of-zakiur-rehman-lakhvi-in-mumbai-attacks-case |archive-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Yusuf Muzammil – senior member of LeT and named as a mastermind of the 2008 Mumbai attacks by surviving gunman [[Ajmal Kasab]].<ref name=IndianExpress-2008-12-04 /> * [[Zarrar Shah]] – in Pakistani custody – one of LeT's primary liaisons to the ISI. A US official said that he was a "central character" in the planning behind the 2008 Mumbai attacks.<ref name="ZarrarShahMention"> {{cite news |last=Schmitt |first=Eric |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/08/world/asia/08terror.html |title=Pakistan's Spies Aided Group Tied to Mumbai Siege, Eric Schmitt, et al., NYT, 7 December 2008 |location=Mumbai (India);Pakistan |work=The New York Times |date=7 December 2008 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110221217/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/08/world/asia/08terror.html |archive-date=10 November 2012 |url-status=live}} </ref> Zarrar Shah has boasted to Pakistani investigators about his role in the attacks.<ref name="NYTZarrarRole"> {{cite news |last=Oppel |first=Richard A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/01/world/asia/01pstan.html |title=Pakistani Militants Admit Role in Siege, Official Says, Richard Oppel, Jr., NYT, 2008-12-31 |location=India;Pakistan |work=The New York Times |date=31 December 2008 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215130506/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/01/world/asia/01pstan.html |archive-date=15 December 2018 |url-status=live}} </ref> * Muhammad Ashraf – LeT's top financial officer. Although not directly connected to the Mumbai plot, after the attacks he was added to the UN list of people that sponsor terrorism.<ref name="NYTUNSanctions">{{cite news |last=Worth |first=Robert F. |title=Indian Police Name 2 More Men as Trainers and Supervisors of Mumbai Attackers |work=The New York Times |date=10 December 2008 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/world/asia/11mumbai.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |access-date=22 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115547/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/world/asia/11mumbai.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, Geo TV reported that six years earlier Ashraf became seriously ill while in custody and died at Civil Hospital on 11 June 2002.<ref name=UNdeclares4>{{cite news |title=Four Pakistani militants added to UN terrorism sanctions list |publisher=UN News Center |date=11 December 2008 |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29272&Cr=terror&Cr1= |access-date=22 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223150428/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29272&Cr=terror&Cr1= |archive-date=23 December 2008 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> * [[Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq]] – the leader of LeT in Saudi Arabia and one of its financiers. Although not directly connected to the Mumbai plot, after the attacks he was added to the UN list of people that sponsor terrorism.<ref name="NYTUNSanctions" /><ref name=UNdeclares4 /> * [[Nasr Javed]] – a Kashmiri senior operative, is on the [[list of individuals banned from entering the United Kingdom]] for "engaging in unacceptable behaviour by seeking to foment, justify or glorify terrorist violence in furtherance of particular beliefs."<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://press.homeoffice.gov.uk/press-releases/hate-promoters-banned-UK-named |title=Home Office name hate promoters excluded from the UK |date=5 May 2009 |publisher=UK Home Office |access-date=6 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507181855/http://press.homeoffice.gov.uk/press-releases/hate-promoters-banned-UK-named |archive-date=7 May 2009}}</ref> * Abu Nasir (Srinagar commander) ==History== ===Formation=== In 1985, [[Hafiz Mohammed Saeed]] and [[Zafar Iqbal (Islamist)|Zafar Iqbal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/individual/zafar-iqbal |title=Zafar Iqbal |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=14 March 2012}}</ref> formed the ''Jamaat-ud-Dawa'' (Organization for Preaching, or JuD) as a small missionary group dedicated to promoting an [[Ahl-e-Hadith]] version of Islam. In the next year, Zaki-ur Rehman Lakvi merged his group of anti-Soviet jihadists with the JuD to form the ''Markaz-ud Dawa-wal-Irshad'' (Center for Preaching and Guidance, or MDI). The MDI had 17 founders originally, and notable among them was [[Abdullah Azzam]]. The LeT was formed in Afghanistan's [[Kunar province]] in 1990<ref name="satp" /> and gained prominence in the early 1990s as a military offshoot of MDI.<ref name="cronin"/> MDI's primary concerns were [[dawah]] and the LeT focused on jihad although the members did not distinguish between the two groups' functions. According to Hafiz Saeed, "Islam propounds both dawa[h] and jihad. Both are equally important and inseparable. Since our life revolves around Islam, therefore both dawa and jihad are essential; we cannot prefer one over the other."<ref name='tankel201104' /> Most of these training camps were located in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier Province]] (NWFP) and many were shifted to [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistan Administered Kashmir]] for the sole purpose of training volunteers for the Kashmir Jihad. From 1991 onward, militancy surged in Indian Kashmir, as many Lashkar-e-Taiba volunteers were infiltrated into Indian Kashmir from Pakistan Administered Kashmir with the help of the [[Pakistan Army]] and ISI.<ref name="tellis2010f">{{cite news|author=Ashley J. Tellis|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/0311_testimony_tellis.pdf|title=Bad Company – Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Mujahidein in Pakistan|date=11 March 2010|access-date=20 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411035030/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/0311%5Ftestimony%5Ftellis%2Epdf|archive-date=11 April 2010|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|quote=The group's earliest operations were focused on the Kunar and Paktia provinces in Afghanistan, where LeT had set up several training camps in support of the jihad against the Soviet occupation.|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As of 2010, the degree of control that Pakistani intelligence retains over LeT's operations is not known. ===Designation as terrorist group=== On 28 March 2001, in Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 1261, British [[Home Secretary]] [[Jack Straw]] designated the group a [[Terrorism Act 2000|Proscribed Terrorist Organization]] under the [[Terrorism Act 2000]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020116/text/20116w06.htm |title=Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards |access-date=5 December 2008 |date=16 January 2002 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605032943/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020116/text/20116w06.htm |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2001/1261/contents/made |title=Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 1261: The Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed Organizations) (Amendment) Order 2001 |access-date=5 December 2008 |date=28 March 2001 |publisher=legislation.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218033836/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2001/1261/contents/made |archive-date=18 December 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 5 December 2001, the group was added to the [[Patriot Act Terrorist Exclusion List|Terrorist Exclusion List]]. In a notification dated 26 December 2001, [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Colin Powell]], designated Lashkar-e-Taiba a [[U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations|Foreign Terrorist Organization]].<ref name=satp /> Lashkar-e-Taiba was banned in Pakistan on 12 January 2002.<ref name=bbcprofile>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181925.stm |title=Profile: Lashkar-e-Toiba |access-date=5 December 2008 |date=4 December 2008 |publisher=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205062329/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181925.stm |archive-date=5 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is banned in India as a designated terrorist group under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]]. It was [[Designated terrorist organisations in Australia|listed as a terrorist organization]] in Australia under the ''Security Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002'' on 11 April 2003 and was re-listed on 11 April 2005 and 31 March 2007.<ref name=ANS1/><ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_reg_es/ccar200712n267o2007414.html |title=CRIMINAL CODE AMENDMENT REGULATIONS 2007 (NO. 12) (SLI NO 267 OF 2007) |publisher=Austlii.edu.au |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025225804/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_reg_es/ccar200712n267o2007414.html |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live}} </ref> On 2 May 2008, it was placed on the Consolidated List established and maintained by the committee established by the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267]] as an entity associated with [[al-Qaeda]]. The report also proscribed Jamaat-ud-Dawa as a front group of the LeT.<ref>[http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/12/un_declares_jamaatud.php UN declares Jamaat-ud-Dawa a terrorist front group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202023430/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/12/un_declares_jamaatud.php |date=2 February 2017}} ''Long War Journal'' – 11 December 2008</ref> [[Bruce Riedel]], an expert on terrorism, believes that LeT with the support of its Pakistani backers is more dangerous than al-Qaeda.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/NorthAmerica/Lashkar-e-Taiba-now-more-dangerous-than-al-Qaeda-US-expert/Article1-886143.aspx| title=Lashkar-e-Taiba now more dangerous than al Qaeda: US expert |date=10 July 2012 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713013200/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/NorthAmerica/Lashkar-e-Taiba-now-more-dangerous-than-al-Qaeda-US-expert/Article1-886143.aspx|archive-date=13 July 2012}}</ref> ===Aftermath of Mumbai attacks=== According to a media report, the US accused JuD of being the front group for the prime suspects of the [[November 2008 Mumbai attacks]], the Lashkar-e-Taiba, the organization that trained the 10 gunmen involved in these attacks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/201243111015364712.html |title=Hafiz Saeed rejects US terrorism accusations |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=2 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910092436/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/04/201243111015364712.html |archive-date=10 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 December 2008, under pressure from the US and India, Pakistani army launched an operation against LeT and raided a ''markaz'' (center) of the LeT at Shawai Nullah, 5&nbsp;km from [[Muzaffarabad]] in Pakistan-controlled [[Kashmir|Pakistan Administered Kashmir]]. The army arrested more than twenty members of the LeT including [[Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi]], the alleged mastermind of the Mumbai attacks. They are said to have sealed off the center, which included a [[madrasah]] and a mosque alongside offices of the LeT according to the government of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/09/stories/2008120960721300.htm|title=Shut down LeT operations, India tells Pakistan|author=Subramanian, Nirupama|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2008|access-date=10 December 2008|location=Chennai, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212105203/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/09/stories/2008120960721300.htm|archive-date=12 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 December 2008, India formally requested the [[United Nations Security Council]] to designate JuD as a terrorist organization. Subsequently, Pakistan's ambassador to the United Nations Abdullah Hussain gave an undertaking, saying,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-10/india/27910122_1_ban-jamaat-ud-dawa-consequential-actions-jud|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126031320/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-10/india/27910122_1_ban-jamaat-ud-dawa-consequential-actions-jud|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|title=Pakistan likely to ban Jamaat-ud-Dawa|work=The Times of India|date=10 December 2008|access-date=10 December 2008}}</ref> {{quote|After the designation of Jamaat-ud-Dawah (JUD) under (resolution) 1267, the government on receiving communication from the Security Council shall proscribe the JUD and take other consequential actions, as required, including the freezing of assets.}} A similar assurance was given by Pakistan in 2002 when it clamped down on the LeT; however, the LeT was covertly allowed to function under the guise of the JuD. While arrests have been made, the Pakistani government has categorically refused to allow any foreign investigators access to Hafiz Muhammad Saeed. On 11 December 2008, the United Nations Security Council imposed sanctions on JuD, declaring it a global terrorist group. Saeed, the chief of JuD, declared that his group would challenge the sanctions imposed on it in all forums. Pakistan's government also banned the JuD on the same day and issued an order to seal the JuD in all [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|four provinces]], as well as Pakistan-controlled Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-12/pakistan/27919623_1_jamaat-leaders-johar-town-exit-control-list|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716054724/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-12/pakistan/27919623_1_jamaat-leaders-johar-town-exit-control-list|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 July 2012|title=Pakistan bans Jamaat-ud-Dawa, shuts offices|work=The Times of India|date=11 December 2008|access-date=11 December 2008}}</ref> Before the ban JuD, ran a weekly newspaper named ''Ghazwah'', two monthly magazines called ''Majalla Tud Dawaa'' and ''Zarb e Taiba'', and a fortnightly magazine for children, ''Nanhe Mujahid''. The publications have since been banned by the Pakistani government. In addition to the prohibition of JuD's print publications, the organization's websites were also shut down by the Pakistani government. After the UNSC ban, [[Hindu]] minority groups in Pakistan came out in support of JuD. At protest marches in [[Hyderabad (Pakistan)|Hyderabad]], Hindu groups said that JuD does charity work such as setting up water wells in desert regions and providing food to the poor.<ref name="Reuters_Pak_Hindus_Rally">{{cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-37059320081216 |title=Pakistani Hindus rally to support Islamic charity |author=Hamid Shaikh |date=16 December 2008 |work=Reuters |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508111114/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-37059320081216 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hindus rally for Muslim charity">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7786495.stm |title=Hindus rally for Muslim charity |date=16 December 2008 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=17 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216231427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7786495.stm |archive-date=16 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, according to the [[BBC]], the credibility of the level of support for the protest was questionable as protesters on their way to what they believed was a rally against price rises had been handed signs in support of JuD.<ref name="Hindus rally for Muslim charity" /> The JuD ban has been met with heavy criticism in many Pakistani circles,{{By whom|date=February 2010}} as JuD was the first to react to the [[2005 Kashmir earthquake|Kashmir earthquake]] and the [[2008 Ziarat earthquake|Ziarat earthquake]]. It also ran over 160 schools with thousands of students and provided aid in hospitals as well. JuD disguises terrorist activities by showing fake welfare trusts.<ref name=aj20100218>{{cite news |title=Jamaat chief rejects Indian charges |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=18 February 2010 |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/02/201021785121810598.html |access-date=22 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203110956/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2010/02/201021785121810598.html |archive-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In January 2009, JuD spokesperson, [[Abdullah Muntazir]], stressed that the group did not have global jihadist aspirations and would welcome a peaceful resolution of the Kashmir issue. He also publicly disowned LeT commanders Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi and [[Zarrar Shah]], who have both been accused of being the masterminds behind the Mumbai attacks.<ref name="Roul-A" /> In response to the UN resolution and the government ban, the JuD reorganized itself under the name of Tehreek-e-Tahafuz Qibla Awal (TTQA).<ref name="Roul-A" /> On 25 June 2014, the United States added several of LeT affiliates including Jamaat-ud-Dawa, Al-Anfal Trust, Tehrik-e-Hurmat-e-Rasool, and Tehrik-e-Tahafuz Qibla Awwal to the list of foreign terrorist organizations.<ref>{{cite web|title=US adds LeT's parent Jama'at-ud-Dawa to list of Terror Organizations|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/us-adds-lets-parent-jamaat-ud-dawa-to-list-of-terror-organizations/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=26 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708055744/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/us-adds-lets-parent-jamaat-ud-dawa-to-list-of-terror-organizations/|archive-date=8 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Milli Muslim League=== {{main|Milli Muslim League}} Jamaat-ud-Dawa members on 7 August 2017 announced the creation of a [[political party]] called ''Milli Muslim League''. Tabish Qayoum, a JuD activist working as the party spokesman, stated they had filed registration papers for a new party with Pakistan's electoral commission.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pakistan-politics-jihad/charity-run-by-hafiz-saeed-launches-political-party-in-pakistan-idINKBN1AN1IN |title=Charity run by Hafiz Saeed launches political party in Pakistan |work=Reuters |first=Asif |last=Shahzad |date=7 August 2017 |access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Later in August, JuD under the banner of the party fielded a candidate for the 2017 by-election of [[Constituency NA-120]]. Muhammad Yaqoob Sheikh filed his nomination papers as an independent candidate.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nation.com.pk/national/13-Aug-2017/na-120-by-polls-jud-fields-candidate |title=NA-120 by-polls: JUD fields candidate |newspaper=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|4=The Nation]] |date=13 August 2017 |access-date=8 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909094952/http://nation.com.pk/national/13-Aug-2017/na-120-by-polls-jud-fields-candidate |archive-date=9 September 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The registration application of the party was rejected by ECP on the 12th of October.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/milli-muslim-league-registration-rejected-ecp-171012072803257.html |title=Milli Muslim League registration rejected by ECP |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=12 October 2017 |access-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012085514/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/milli-muslim-league-registration-rejected-ecp-171012072803257.html |archive-date=12 October 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hafiz Saeed announced in December, a few days after release from house arrest on 24 November, that his organization will contest the [[2018 Pakistani general election|2018 elections]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/hafiz-saeed-backed-mml-to-contest-elections-in-2018/article21256381.ece |title=Hafiz Saeed-backed MML to contest polls|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 December 2017}}</ref> ===Name Changes=== In February 2019, after the Pulwama attack, the Pakistan government placed the ban once again on Jamat-ud-Dawa and its charity organization [[Falah-e-Insaniat Foundation]] (FIF).<ref name="TH_Feb2019">{{cite news |title=Jamat-ud-Dawa, its charity arm Falah-e-Insaniyat Foundation change name, bypass ban |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/jud-fif-change-name-bypass-ban/article26358300.ece |access-date=25 February 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=24 February 2019 }}</ref> To evade the ban, their names were changed to Al Madina and Aisar Foundation respectively and they continued their work as before.<ref name="DailyTimesRename">{{cite news |title=Ban not fully enforced |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/357982/ban-not-fully-enforced/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |work=Daily Times |date=23 February 2019}}</ref> ===The Resistance Front=== {{Main|The Resistance Front}} The Resistance Front (TRF) was launched after the [[revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] in 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Pak launches terror's new face in Kashmir, Imran Khan follows up on Twitter|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pak-launches-terror-s-new-face-in-kashmir-imran-khan-follows-up-on-twitter/story-vDmvByzkeowrW8OKruhS3M.html|last=Gupta|first=Shishir|date=2020-05-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Lashkar-e-Taiba leaders form the core of the TRF.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|title='Pakistan trying to securalise Kashmir militancy': Lashkar regroups in Valley as The Resistance Front|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jammu-kashmir-lashkar-regroups-as-the-resistance-front-6394158/|date=2020-05-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> TRF has taken responsibility for various attacks in Kashmir in 2020 including the deaths of five Indian Army para commandos .<ref name="Gupta">{{Cite web|title=New J&K terror outfit run by LeT brass: Intel|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-j-k-terror-outfit-run-by-let-brass-intel/story-wLZ5ACFQJMHVa8kt7weTPO.html|last=Gupta|first=Shishir|date=2020-05-08|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref name="The Economic Times">{{Cite news|last1=Pubby|first1=Manu|last2=Chaudhury|first2=Dipanjan Roy|date=2020-04-29|title=The Resistance Front: New name of terror groups in Kashmir|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/the-resistance-front-new-name-of-terror-groups-in-kashmir/articleshow/75440416.cms|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> In June 2020, Army's [[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]] commander Lt General B S Raju said "There is no organisation called TRF. It is a social media entity which is trying to take credit for anything and everything that is happening within the Valley. It is in the electronic domain."<ref name="CNN News18" /> ===People’s Anti-Fascist Front=== {{Main|People’s Anti-Fascist Front}} {{Main|Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir}} The PAFF was originally thought to be a faction of [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] according to Indian officials.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://trackingterrorism.org/group/peoples-anti-fascist-front-paff-jammu-and-kashmir/ | title=People's Anti-Fascist Front (PAFF) - Jammu & Kashmir }}</ref> The Indian police claimed it is an offshoot of [[Jaish-e-Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/4/kashmir-police-arrest-suspect-in-murder-of-top-prison-official | title=Kashmir police arrest suspect in murder of top prison official }}</ref> The PAFF was created during the wake of the [[2019 Kashmir Protests]] after the [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revocation of autonomy]] of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1713436 | title=Prison chief killed in India-occupied Kashmir as Amit Shah visits | date=4 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://scroll.in/latest/1034232/jammu-and-kashmir-director-general-prisons-found-dead-at-home-police-suspect-murder | title=Jammu and Kashmir police deny any terror link in murder case of DGP Hemant Lohia }}</ref> The PAFF has claimed responsibility of many attacks in Kashmir against Indian forces.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/jks-new-terror-outfit-peoples-anti-fascist-front-releases-attention-grabbing-video-watch/628324 | title=J&K's new terror outfit 'People's Anti-Fascist Front' releases attention-grabbing video - WATCH }}</ref> ===Influence in Kashmir=== {{Main|Kashmir conflict}} {{Main|Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir}} After the [[Mujahideen]] victory against the [[Soviet-Afghan war|Soviet Union occupation in Afghanistan]], Lahkar-e-Taiba and Mujahideen fighters, with the aid of [[Pakistan]], slowly infiltrated [[Kashmir]] with the goal of spreading a Radical [[Islamism|Islamist Ideology]] to [[Jihad]] against [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|Indian occupation in Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="Dawn-Who is Lashkar-e-Tayyiba">{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.net/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/news/world/who-are-the-lashkar-e-tayiba-yn |title=Who is Lashkar-e-Tayiba |work=Dawn |date=3 December 2008 |access-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706221147/http://www.dawn.net/wps/wcm/connect/Dawn%20Content%20Library/dawn/news/world/who-are-the-lashkar-e-tayiba-yn |archive-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> ==Activities== The group conducts training camps and humanitarian work. Across Pakistan, the organization runs 16 Islamic institutions, 135 secondary schools, an ambulance service, mobile clinics, blood banks and seminaries according to the South Asia Terrorism Portal.<ref name="satp" /> The group actively carried out attacks on [[Indian Armed Forces]] in Jammu and Kashmir. Some breakaway Lashkar members have been accused of carrying out attacks in Pakistan, particularly in [[Karachi]], to mark its opposition to the policies of former president [[Pervez Musharraf]].<ref name=bbcprofile /><ref> [http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indians-in-pak-ready-to-work-for-let-headley/160600-2.html Indians in Pak ready to work for LeT: Headley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620022822/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indians-in-pak-ready-to-work-for-let-headley/160600-2.html |date=20 June 2011}}, Press Trust of India, 18 June 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/some-karachibased-indians-willing-to-work-with-let-headley/805527/ Some Karachi-based Indians willing to work with LeT: Headley], Agencies, Sat 18 June 2011</ref> ===Publications=== [[Christine Fair]] estimates that, through its editing house Dar al Andalus, "LeT is perhaps the most prolific producer of ''[[jihadi]]'' literature in Pakistan." By the end of the 90s, the Urdu monthly magazine ''Mujallah al-Dawah'' had a circulation of 100 000, another monthly magazine, ''Ghazwa'', of 20 000, while other weekly and monthly publications target students (''Zarb-e-Tayyaba''), women (''Tayyabaat''), children and those who are literate in English (''Voice of Islam'' and ''Invite'') or Arabic (''al-Ribat''.) It also publishes, every year, around 100 booklets, in many languages.<ref>C. Christine Fair, ''In Their Own Words: Understanding Lashkar-e-Tayyaba'', Oxford University Press (2018), pp. 86–87</ref> It has been described as a "profitable department, selling [[lakh|lacs]] of books every year."<ref>Muḥammad ʻĀmir Rānā & Amir Mir, ''A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan'', Mashal Books (2004), p. 327</ref> ===Training camps=== The LeT training camps are presently located at a number of locations in Pakistan. These camps, which include its base camp, Markaz-e-Taiba in [[Muridke]] near [[Lahore]] and the one near Manshera, are used to impart training to militants. In these camps, the following trainings are imparted: * the 21-day religious course (''Daura-e-Sufa'')<ref name=telegraphManipur /> * the 21-day basic combat course (''Daura-e-Aam'')<ref name=hindu20081206>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/02/stories/2008120259961000.htm|title=A journey into the Lashkar|author=Swami, Praveen|date=2 December 2008|access-date=5 December 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205005025/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/02/stories/2008120259961000.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> * the three-months advanced combat course (''Daura-e-Khaas'')<ref name=hindu20081206/><ref name="saAnalysis" /> [[2008 Mumbai attacks|26/11]] mastermind, Zabiuddin Ansari alias, Abu Jundal arrested recently by Indian intelligence agencies is reported to have disclosed that paragliding training was also included in the training curriculum of LeT cadres at is camps in Muzaffarabad.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Paragliding-part-of-LeT-training-camp-Jundal/Article1-880615.aspx |title=Paragliding part of LeT training camp: Jundal |date=29 June 2012 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617024138/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Paragliding-part-of-LeT-training-camp-Jundal/Article1-880615.aspx|archive-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> These camps have long been tolerated since Inception by the Pakistan's powerful [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) agency because of their usefulness against India and in Afghanistan although they have been instructed not to mount any operations for now.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7141272 |title=The trouble with Pakistan by Economist |newspaper=The Economist |date=6 July 2006 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202022548/http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7141272 |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Update after|2010|09|23}} A French anti-terrorism expert, Jean-Louis Bruguière, in his ''Some Things that I Wasn’t Able to Say'' has stated that the regular Pakistani army officers trained the militants in the LeT training camps until recently. He reached this conclusion after interrogating a French militant, Willy Brigitte, who had been trained by the LeT and arrested in Australia in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_pakistani-army-ran-muslim-extremist-training-camps-anti-terrorist-expert_1311559|title=Pakistani Army ran Muslim extremist training camps: Anti-terrorist expert|date=14 November 2009|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=23 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091117111832/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_pakistani-army-ran-muslim-extremist-training-camps-anti-terrorist-expert_1311559|archive-date=17 November 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6916408.ece|title=Pakistani Army ran Muslim extremist training camps, says anti-terrorist expert|last=Bremner |first=Charles|date=14 November 2009|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=23 November 2009}}</ref> ====Markaz-e-Taiba==== The LeT base camp Markaz-e-Taiba is in Nangal Saday, about 5&nbsp;km North of [[Muridke]], on East side of G.T. road; about 30&nbsp;km from Lahore, was established in 1988. It is spread over {{convert|200|acre|km2}} of land and contains a madrassa, hospital, market, residences, a fish farm and agricultural tracts. The initial sectarian religious training, ''Daura-e-Sufa'' is imparted here to the militants.<ref name=telegraphManipur>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061228/asp/guwahati/story_7192271.asp|title=Lid off Lashkar's Manipur mission|author=Dholabhai, Nishit|work=The Telegraph|date=28 December 2006|access-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021165839/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061228/asp/guwahati/story_7192271.asp|archive-date=21 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Other training camps==== In 1987, LeT established two training camps in [[Afghanistan]]. The first one was the Muaskar-e-Taiba at [[Jaji District|Jaji]] in [[Paktia Province]] and the second one was the Muaskar-e-Aqsa in [[Kunar Province]].<ref>Rao, Aparna, Michael Bollig & Monika Böck. (ed.). (2008) ''The Practice of War: Production, Reproduction and Communication of Armed Violence'', Oxford: Berghahn Books, {{ISBN|978-1-84545-280-3}}, pp.136–137</ref> US [[intelligence analysts]] justify the [[extrajudicial]] detention of at least one [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp|Guantanamo detainee]] because they allege he attended a LeT training camp in Afghanistan. A memorandum summarizing the factors for and against the continued detention of [[Saudi detainees at Guantanamo Bay|Bader Al Bakri Al Samiri]] asserts that he attended a LeT [[Afghan training camp|training camp]]. [[Mariam Abou Zahab]] and [[Olivier Roy (political scientist)|Olivier Roy]] in their ''Islamist Networks: The Afghan-Pakistan Connection'' (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2004) mentioned three training camps in [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir]], the principal one is the Umm-al-Qura training camp at [[Muzaffarabad]]. Every month five hundred militants are trained in these camps. Muhammad Amir Rana in his ''A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan'' (Lahore: Mashal, 2004) listed five training camps. Four of them, the Muaskar-e-Taiba, the Muaskar-e-Aqsa, the Muaskar Umm-al-Qura and the Muaskar Abdullah bin Masood are in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and the Markaz Mohammed bin Qasim training camp is in [[Sanghar District]] of [[Sindh]]. Ten thousand militants had been trained in these camps till 2004. ===Funding=== The government of Pakistan began to fund the LeT during the early 1990s and by around 1995 the funding had grown considerably. During this time the army and the ISI helped establish the LeT's military structure with the specific intent to use the militant group against India. The LeT also obtained funds through efforts of the MDI's Department of Finance.<ref name='tankel201104' /> Until 2002, the LeT collected funds through public fundraising events usually using charity boxes in shops. The group also received money through donations at MDI offices, through personal donations collected at public celebrations of an operative's martyrdom, and through its website.<ref name='tankel201104' /> The LeT also collected donations from the Pakistani immigrant community in the [[Persian Gulf]] and United Kingdom, Islamic Non-Governmental Organizations, and Pakistani and Kashmiri businessmen.<ref name="satp" /><ref name='tankel201104' /><ref>[https://fas.org/irp/world/para/lashkar.htm Lashkar-e-Taiba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723125658/http://fas.org/irp/world/para/lashkar.htm |date=23 July 2015}}, Federation of American Scientists Intelligence Resource Program</ref> LeT operatives have also been apprehended in India, where they had been obtaining funds from sections of the Muslim community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/28lashkar.htm |title=Meet the Lashkar-e-Tayiba's fundraiser |work=Rediff.com |date=31 December 2004 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120000114/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/28lashkar.htm |archive-date=20 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although many of the funds collected went towards legitimate uses, e.g. factories and other businesses, a significant portion was dedicated to military activities. According to US intelligence, the LeT had a military budget of more than $5 million by 2009.<ref name='tankel201104' /> ====Use of charity aid to fund relief operations==== LeT assisted victims after the [[2005 Kashmir earthquake]].<ref name="bbc20061005">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5402756.stm |title=UN quake aid went to extremists |publisher=BBC News |date=5 October 2006 |access-date=28 February 2012 |author=7=Kate Clark |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528142916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5402756.stm |archive-date=28 May 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |author-link=Kate Clark (journalist)}}</ref> In many instances, they were the first on the scene, arriving before the army or other civilians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-461/i.html |title=Jihadis in Kashmir: The Politics of an Earthquake |access-date=5 December 2008 |last=McGirk |first=Jan |date=October 2005 |publisher=Qantara |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201170519/http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-461/i.html |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> A large amount of funds collected among the Pakistani expatriate community in Britain to aid victims of the earthquake were funneled for the activities of LeT although the donors were unaware. About [[Pound sterling|£]]5 million were collected, but more than half of the funds were directed towards LeT rather than towards relief efforts. Intelligence officials stated that some of the funds were used to prepare for [[2006 transatlantic aircraft plot|an attack that would have detonated explosives on board transatlantic airflights]].<ref> {{cite news|last=Partlow|first=Joshua|author2=Kamran Khan|title=Charity Funds Said to Provide Clues to Alleged Terrorist Plot|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=15 August 2006|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/14/AR2006081401196.html|access-date=21 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006081254/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/14/AR2006081401196.html|archive-date=6 October 2008|url-status=live}} </ref> Other investigations also indicated the aid given for earthquake victims was directly involved to expand Lashkar-e-Taiba's activities within India.<ref> {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080103021234/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111705951200.htm Quake came as a boon for Lashkar leadership]}}, ''The Hindu'', 17 November 2005 </ref> ===Notable incidents=== * [[1998 Wandhama massacre]]: 23 Kashmiri [[pandit]]s were murdered on 25 January 1998.<ref name="bbc20011214">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/865818.stm|title=Violent 'army of the pure'|date=14 December 2001|publisher=BBC News|access-date=25 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227093323/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/865818.stm|archive-date=27 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> * In March 2000, Lashkar-e-Taiba militants are claimed to have been involved in the [[Chittisinghpura massacre]], where 35 [[Sikh]]s in the town of [[Chittisinghpura]] in [[Kashmir]] were killed. An 18-year-old male, who was arrested in December of that year, admitted in an interview with a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[correspondent]] to the involvement of the group and expressed no regret in perpetrating the anti-Sikh massacre. In a separate interview with the same correspondent, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed denied knowing the young man and dismissed any possible involvement of LeT.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/dec/31sikh.htm|title=Lashkar militant admits killing Sikhs in Chittisinghpura|work=Rediff.com|access-date=28 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018141614/http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/dec/31sikh.htm|archive-date=18 October 2012|url-status=live}} </ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bearak |first=Barry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/magazine/home/20001231mag-kashmir.html |title=A Kashmiri Mystery |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=31 December 2000 |access-date=4 November 2009}}</ref> In 2010, the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) associate [[David Headley]], who was arrested in connection with the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]], reportedly confessed to the [[National Investigation Agency]] that the LeT carried out the Chittisinghpura massacre.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lashkar-behind-Sikh-massacre-in-Kashmir-in-2000-says-Headley/Article1-617459.aspx|title=Lashkar behind Sikh massacre in Kashmir in 2000, says Headley|work=The Hindustan Times|date=25 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114013820/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Lashkar-behind-Sikh-massacre-in-Kashmir-in-2000-says-Headley/Article1-617459.aspx|archive-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> He is said to have identified an LeT militant named Muzzamil as part of the group which carried out the killings apparently to create communal tension just before Clinton's visit.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101026/j&k.htm#2 Chittisinghpura Massacre: Obama’s proposed visit makes survivors recall tragedy ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116225028/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101026/j%26k.htm#2 |date=16 November 2017}}. ''The Tribune'', Chandigarh. 25 October 2010.</ref> * The LeT was also held responsible by the government for the [[2000 terrorist attack on Red Fort]], New Delhi.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001228/main1.htm Red Fort attackers’ accomplice shot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226190316/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001228/main1.htm |date=26 February 2007}},''The Tribune''</ref> LeT confirmed its participation in the Red Fort attack.<ref name=reuters20090706>{{cite news|title=Q+A – Who is Pakistan's Hafiz Mohammad Saeed?|work=Reuters|date=6 July 2009|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40835920090706?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=11584&sp=true|access-date=7 July 2009}}</ref> * LeT claimed responsibility for an attack on the [[Srinagar Airport]] that left five Indians and six militants dead.<ref name=reuters20090706 /> * The group claimed responsibility for an attack on Indian security forces along the border.<ref name=reuters20090706 /> * The Indian government blamed LeT, in coordination with [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], for a 13 December 2001 [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|assault on parliament]] in Delhi.<ref name=prashant>{{cite news|last=Prashant|first=Pandey|title=Jaish, Lashkar carried out attack with ISI guidance: police|work=The Hindu|date=17 December 2001|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/12/17/stories/2001121700210100.htm|access-date=4 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114073003/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/12/17/stories/2001121700210100.htm|archive-date=14 January 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref> * [[2002 Kaluchak massacre]] 31 killed 14 May 2002. Australian government attributed this massacre to Lashkar-e-Taiba when it designated it as a terrorist organization. * [[2003 Nadimarg Massacre]] 24 Kashmiri pandits gunned down on the night of 23 March 2003. * [[29 October 2005 Delhi bombings|2005 Delhi bombings]]: During [[Diwali]], Lashkar-e-Taiba bombed crowded festive Delhi markets killing 60 civilians and maiming 527. It claimed the attack under the pseudonym of "Islami Inqilabi Mahaz" (Islamic Revolutionary Front) on a jihadist website.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Sanjoy|last=Majumder|date=October 31, 2005|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4390460.stm|accessdate=December 24, 2009|title=Who is behind the Delhi bombings?|location=[[Delhi]]|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=October 31, 2005|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/30/AR2005103000900.html|accessdate=December 24, 2009|title=Group Says It Staged Indian Blasts|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/nov/15dblast.htm |title=Delhi Metro was in LeT's cross-hairs |work=Rediff.com |date=15 November 2005 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118194110/http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/nov/15dblast.htm |archive-date=18 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> * [[2006 Varanasi bombings]]: Lashkar-e-Taiba was involved in serial blasts in [[Varanasi]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. 37 people died and 89 were seriously injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/09up.htm |title=Lashkar behind blasts: UP official |work=Rediff.com |date=9 March 2006 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703201047/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/09up.htm |archive-date=3 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> * [[2006 Doda massacre]] 34 Hindus were killed in Kashmir on 30 April 2006. * [[11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings|2006 Mumbai train bombings]]: The investigation launched by Indian forces and US officials have pointed to the involvement of Lashkar-e-Taiba in Mumbai serial blasts on 11 July 2006. The Mumbai serial blasts on 11 July claimed 211 lives and maimed about 407 people and seriously injured another 768.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060714/main1.htm |title=350 rounded up in Maharashtra |work=The Tribune |access-date=17 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717032627/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060714/main1.htm |archive-date=17 July 2006 }}</ref> * On 12 September 2006 the propaganda arm of the Lashkar-e-Taiba issued a [[fatwa]] against [[Pope Benedict XVI]] demanding that Muslims assassinate him for [[Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy|his controversial statements]] about [[Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Raman, B.|date=2 October 2006|publisher=South Asia Analysis Group (SAAG)|title=LeT Issues Fatwa to Kill the Pope (Paper no. 1974)|url=http://www.saag.org/papers20/paper1974.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012053305/http://www.saag.org/papers20/paper1974.html|archive-date=12 October 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> * On 16 September 2006, a top Lashkar-e-Taiba militant, Abu Saad, was killed by the troops of 9-Rashtriya Rifles in Nandi Marg forest in Kulgam. Saad belongs to [[Lahore]] in Pakistan and also oversaw LeT operations for the past three years in Gul Gulabhgash as the outfit's area commander. Apart from a large quantity of arms and ammunition, high denomination Indian and Pakistani currencies were also recovered from the slain militant.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Top Lashkar-e-Taiba militant killed |date=16 September 2007 |newspaper=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/morenews/showmorestory.asp?category=National&slug=Top+Lashkar-e-Toiba+militant+killed+++++%0D&id=93264 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311134440/http://www.ndtv.com/morenews/showmorestory.asp?category=National&slug=Top%2BLashkar-e-Toiba%2Bmilitant%2Bkilled%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%0D&id=93264 |archive-date=11 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] In November 2008, Lashkar-e-Taiba was the primary suspect behind the Mumbai attacks but denied any part.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2008/11/27/le-bilan-des-attentats-de-bombay-s-alourdit_1124194_3216.html#ens_id=1123577 |title=Chaos reigns throughout Bombay |access-date=5 December 2008 |date=27 November 2008 |work=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204063537/http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2008/11/27/le-bilan-des-attentats-de-bombay-s-alourdit_1124194_3216.html#ens_id=1123577 |archive-date=4 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The lone surviving gunman, [[Ajmal Amir Kasab]], captured by Indian authorities admitted the attacks were planned and executed by the organization.<ref name=Reuters>{{cite news|title=Three Pakistani militants held in Mumbai|work=Reuters|date=28 November 2008|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINSP20287920081128|access-date=28 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203073550/http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINSP20287920081128|archive-date=3 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/28/stories/2008112862080100.htm|title=Lashkar-e-Taiba responsible for Mumbai terroristic act|location=Chennai, India|work=The Hindu|date=28 November 2008|access-date=30 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201100010/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/28/stories/2008112862080100.htm|archive-date=1 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> United States intelligence sources confirmed that their evidence suggested Lashkar-e-Taiba is behind the attacks.<ref>{{cite news |title=US Intelligence focuses on Pakistani Group |date=28 November 2008 |newspaper=The New York Times |author=Mark Mazzetti |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/29/world/asia/29intel.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113205354/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/29/world/asia/29intel.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |archive-date=13 January 2018 |url-status=live |author-link=Mark Mazzetti}}</ref> A July 2009 report from Pakistani investigators confirmed that LeT was behind the attack.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hussain|first=Zahid|title=Islamabad Tells of Plot by Lashkar|location=Islamabad|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=28 July 2009|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124872197786784603?mod=googlenews_wsj|access-date=28 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009144837/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124872197786784603?mod=googlenews_wsj|archive-date=9 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> * On 7 December 2008, under pressure from USA and India, the Pakistan Army launched an operation against LeT and Jamat-ud-Dawa to arrest people suspected of 26/11 Mumbai attacks.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/12/08/pakistan.india.mumbai.arrests/index.html#cnnSTCText |publisher=CNN |title=Pakistan raids camp over Mumbai attacks |date=8 December 2008 |access-date=7 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121063238/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/12/08/pakistan.india.mumbai.arrests/index.html#cnnSTCText |archive-date=21 January 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> * In August 2009, LeT issued an ultimatum to impose [[Hijab|Islamic dress code]] in all colleges in Jammu and Kashmir, sparking fresh fears in the tense region.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videoshow/4944357.cms|access-date=28 August 2009|title=Impose Islamic dress code in colleges: LeT|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830225457/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videoshow/4944357.cms|archive-date=30 August 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> * In September and October 2009, Israeli and Indian intelligence agencies issued alerts warning that LeT was planning to attack Jewish religious places in Pune, India and other locations visited by Western and Israeli tourists in India. The gunmen who attacked the Mumbai headquarters of the Chabad Lubavitch movement during the November 2008 attacks were reportedly instructed that, "Every person you kill where you are is worth 50 of the ones killed elsewhere."<ref name="adl.org"/> * News sources have reported that members of LeT were planning to attack the U.S. and Indian embassies in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 26 November 2009, to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the November 2008 Mumbai attacks. At least seven men were arrested in connection to the plot, including a senior member of LeT.<ref name="adl.org" /> * Two Chicago residents, [[David Coleman Headley]] and [[Tahawwur Hussain Rana]], were allegedly working with LeT in planning an attack against the offices and employees of ''[[Jyllands-Posten]]'', a Danish newspaper that published controversial cartoons of [[Muhammad]]. Indian news sources also implicated the men in the November 2008 Mumbai attacks and in LeT's Fall 2009 plans to attack the U.S. and Indian embassies in Bangladesh. ==Losing of LeT Group Heads== #Abrar, Intelligence Chief of LeT in Afghanistan was arrested and 8 other militants were killed by [[National Directorate of Security|NDS]] in Nangarhar Province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/afghan-special-forces-arrest-key-member-of-la-711270.html|title=Afghan Special Forces Arrest Key Member of Laskar-e-Taiba Militant Group - Spokesman|publisher=The Urdu Point|access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaama.com/8-foreign-terrorists-killed-wounded-as-afghan-forces-target-lashkar-e-taiba-compound-03612/|title=8 foreign terrorists killed, wounded as Afghan forces target Lashkar-e-Taiba compound|newspaper=The Khaama Press News Agency|publisher=Khaama Press|access-date=13 June 2019|date=13 June 2019|last1=Says|first1=Amail Khan Yar}}</ref> #Abu Dujana, Chief of Lashkar-e-taiba in [[Kashmir Valley]] was killed by Indian security forces on 2 August 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/abu-dujana-ruthless-terrorist-with-a-weakness-for-women-10-points-1732103|title=Abu Dujana, Ruthless Terrorist with a Weakness For Women: 10 Points|publisher=NDTV|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> #Abu Qasim, operations commander of the terrorist group, was killed in a joint operation by the Indian army and the special operations group of the [[Jammu and Kashmir police]] on 30 October 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/nMpIgp1DTqw7pRJ2WBK0BO/LashkareTaiba-leader-Abu-Qasim-killed-by-army-JK-police.html%3ffacet=amp|title=Lashkar-e-Taiba leader Abu Qasim killed by army, J&K police|newspaper=LiveMint|access-date=30 October 2015}}</ref> #Junaid Mattoo, Lashkar-e-Taiba commander for Kulgam was killed in an encounter with security forces in Arvani.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/top-lashkar-terrorist-junaid-matoo-killed-in-jammu-and-kashmir-encounter-say-forces-1713388|title=Top Lashkar Terrorist Junaid Mattoo Killed in Jammu And Kashmir Encounter, Say Police|work=NDTV.com|access-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005195022/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/top-lashkar-terrorist-junaid-matoo-killed-in-jammu-and-kashmir-encounter-say-forces-1713388|archive-date=5 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> #Waseem Shah, responsible for recruiting fresh cadres and involved in many attacks on security forces in south Kashmir was killed on 14 October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/let-commander-waseem-shah-another-militant-killed-in-pulwama-encounter-1546103.html |title=LeT Commander Waseem Shah, The Don of Heff, Killed in Pulwama Encounter |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234538/http://www.news18.com/news/india/let-commander-waseem-shah-another-militant-killed-in-pulwama-encounter-1546103.html |archive-date=14 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> # Six top LeT commanders including Owaid, son of [[Abdul Rehman Makki]] and nephew of Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, wanted commanders Zargam and Mehmood, were killed on 18 November 2017. Mehmood was responsible for killing a constable on 27 September and two [[Garud Commando Force|Garud commandos]] on 11 October.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-zaki-ur-rehman-lakhvi-s-nephew-among-six-terrorists-killed-in-kashmir-2560957 |title=Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi's nephew among six terrorists killed in Kashmir |access-date=23 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927040803/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-zaki-ur-rehman-lakhvi-s-nephew-among-six-terrorists-killed-in-kashmir-2560957 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |url-status=live |date=19 November 2017}}</ref> ==External relationships== ===Support from Saudi Arabia=== According to a secret December 2009 paper signed by the US secretary of state, "Saudi Arabia remains a critical financial support base for [[al-Qaeda]], the [[Taliban]], LeT and other terrorist groups."<ref>{{cite web|title=US embassy cables: Hillary Clinton says Saudi Arabia 'a critical source of terrorist funding'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/220186|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 December 2010|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/220186|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> LeT used a Saudi-based front company to fund its activities in 2005.<ref name=Guardian-WikiLeaks>{{cite web|last=Walsh|first=Declan|title=WikiLeaks cables portray Saudi Arabia as a cash machine for terrorists|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/05/wikileaks-cables-saudi-terrorist-funding|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 December 2010|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023137/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/05/wikileaks-cables-saudi-terrorist-funding|archive-date=15 December 2016|url-status=live}} </ref><ref>{{cite web|title=US embassy cables: Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorists raise funds in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/220186|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 December 2010|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/220186|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> {{see also|Saudi Arabia and terrorism}} ===Role in India-Pakistan relations=== LeT attacks have increased tensions in the already contentious [[India–Pakistan relations|relationship between India and Pakistan]]. Part of the LeT strategy may be to deflect the attention of Pakistan's military away from the tribal areas and towards its border with India. Attacks in India also aim to exacerbate tensions between India's Hindu and Muslim communities and help LeT recruitment strategies in India.<ref name=randjan2009 /> LeT cadres have also been arrested in different cities of India. On 27 May, a LeT militant was arrested from Hajipur in Gujarat. On 15 August 2001, a LeT militant was arrested from [[Bhatinda]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Lashkar militant arrested|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010817/punjab1.htm|access-date=9 August 2015|agency=Tribune News Service|date=16 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207033049/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010817/punjab1.htm|archive-date=7 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Mumbai police's interrogation of LeT operative, Abu Jundal revealed that LeT has planned 10 more terror attacks across India and he had agreed to participate in these attacks.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/LeT-has-planned-10-terror-strikes-in-India-Jundal/Article1-902877.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728062826/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/LeT-has-planned-10-terror-strikes-in-India-Jundal/Article1-902877.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 July 2012|title=LeT has planned 10 terror strikes in India: Jundal|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> A top US counter-terrorism official, Daniel Benjamin, in a news conference on 31 July 2012, told that LeT was a threat to the stability in South Asia urging Pakistan to take strong action against the terror outfit.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/Americas/LeT-a-threat-to-stability-in-South-Asia-Pak-should-act-against-it-US/Article1-906292.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801101651/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/Americas/LeT-a-threat-to-stability-in-South-Asia-Pak-should-act-against-it-US/Article1-906292.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2012|title=LeT a threat to stability in South Asia, Pak should act against it: US|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=1 August 2012}}</ref> Interrogation of Jundal revealed that LeT was planning to carry out aerial attacks on Indian cities and had trained 150 paragliders for this. He knew of these plans when he visited a huge bungalow in eastern Karachi where top LeT men, supervised by a man called Yakub were planning aerial and sea route attacks on India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/abu-jundal-lashkar-planning-aerial-attacks-on-cities-in-india-253673?pfrom=home-india|title=Abu Jundal: Lashkar planning aerial attacks on Indian cities, has trained paragliders|date=11 August 2012|access-date=11 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812010046/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/abu-jundal-lashkar-planning-aerial-attacks-on-cities-in-india-253673?pfrom=home-india|archive-date=12 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Inter-Services Intelligence involvement==== The [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] have provided financial and material support to LeT.<ref name=Atkins>{{cite book|last=Atkins|first=Stephen E.|title=Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-32485-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000atki/page/173 173]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo0000atki/page/173}}</ref> In 2010, [[Interpol]] issued warrants for the arrest of two serving officers in the Pakistan army for alleged involvement in the 2008 Mumbai attacks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nelson |first=Dean |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8050866/Interpol-issues-Pakistan-army-arrest-warrants-over-Mumbai-attacks.html |title=Interpol issues Pakistan army arrest warrants over Mumbai attacks |work=Telegraph|date=8 October 2010 |access-date=2 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022052608/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8050866/Interpol-issues-Pakistan-army-arrest-warrants-over-Mumbai-attacks.html |archive-date=22 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The LeT was also reported to have been directed by the ISI to widen its network in the Jammu region where a considerable section of the populace comprised Punjabis. The LeT has a large number of activists who hail from Indian Punjab and can thus effectively penetrate into Jammu society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eyespymag.com/terrorgroupsL-M.htm |title=Lashkar-e-Taiba |work=Eyespymag |access-date=28 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212222910/http://www.eyespymag.com/terrorgroupsL-M.htm |archive-date=12 February 2012}}</ref> A 13 December 2001 news report cited a LeT spokesperson as saying that LeT wanted to avoid a clash with the Pakistani government. He claimed a clash was possible because of the suddenly conflicting interests of the government and of the militant outfits active in Jammu and Kashmir even though the government had been an ardent supporter of Muslim freedom movements, particularly that of Kashmir. Pakistan denies giving orders to LeT's activities. However, the Indian government and many non-governmental think-tanks allege that the Pakistani ISI is involved with the group.<ref name="satp" /> The situation with LeT causes considerable strain in [[Indo-Pakistani relations]], which are already mired in suspicion and mutual distrust. ===Role in Afghanistan=== The LeT was created to participate in the [[Mujahideen]] conflict against the [[Mohammad Najibullah|Najibullah]] regime in [[Afghanistan]]. In the process, the outfit developed deep linkages with Afghanistan and has several Afghan nationals in its cadre. The outfit had also cultivated links with the former [[Taliban]] regime in Afghanistan and also with [[Osama bin Laden]] and his [[Al Qaeda|al-Qaeda]] network. Even while refraining from openly displaying these links, the LeT office in [[Muridke]] was reportedly used as a transit camp for third country recruits heading for Afghanistan. Guantanamo detainee [[Khalid Bin Abdullah Mishal Thamer Al Hameydani]]'s [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]] said that he had received training via Lashkar-e-Taiba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wid.ap.org/documents/detainees/khalidmishalalhameydani.pdf |title=Khalid Bin Abdullah Mishal Thamer Al Hameydani's Combatant Status Review Tribunal|access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref> Lashkar-e-Taiba's directed attacks against Indian targets in Afghanistan. Three major attacks occurred against Indian government employees and private workers in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Militant Group Expands Attacks in Afghanistan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 June 2010|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/world/asia/16lashkar.html|last1=Rubin|first1=Alissa J.}}</ref> The Combatant Status Review Tribunals of [[Taj Mohammed (Guantanamo detainee)|Taj Mohammed]] and [[Rafiq Bin Bashir Bin Jalud Al Hami]], and the [[Administrative Review Board]] hearing of [[Abdullah Mujahid]] and [[Zia Ul Shah]] allege that they too were members or former members of Lashkar-e-Taiba.<ref name=CsrtMohammed>{{cite web|url=http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/Detainee/csrt_arb/Set_36_2493-2577.pdf |title=Summarized transcripts (pdf), from Taj Mohammed's ''Combatant Status Review Tribunal'' |pages=49–58 |access-date=28 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016203619/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/Detainee/csrt_arb/Set_36_2493-2577.pdf |archive-date=16 October 2012 }}</ref><ref name=CsrtAlHami>[http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/Detainee/csrt_arb/Set_34_2426-2457.pdf Summarized transcripts (.pdf), from Rafiq Bin Bashir Bin Jalud Al Hami's ''Combatant Status Review Tribunal''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210224227/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/Detainee/csrt_arb/Set_34_2426-2457.pdf |date=10 February 2013}} – pages 20–22</ref><ref name=ArbMujahid>[http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/Detainee/csrt_arb/ARB_Transcript_Set_11_21662-22010..pdf Summarized transcript (.pdf), from Abdullah Mujahid's ''Administrative Review Board hearing'']{{Dead link|date=July 2015}} – page 206</ref><ref name=ArbShah>[http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/Detainee/csrt_arb/ARB_Transcript_Set_5_20000-20254.pdf Summarized transcript (.pdf), from Zia Ul Shah's ''Administrative Review Board hearing''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408032048/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/operation_and_plans/Detainee/csrt_arb/ARB_Transcript_Set_5_20000-20254.pdf |date=8 April 2013}} – page 1</ref> ===Links with other militant groups=== While the primary focus for the Lashkar is the operations in Indian Kashmir, it has frequently provided support to other international terrorist groups. Primary among these is the al-Qaeda Network in Afghanistan. LeT members also have been reported to have engaged in conflicts in the [[Philippines]], [[Bosnia]], the Middle East and [[Chechnya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LT) |publisher=Center for Defense Information (CDI) |date=12 August 2002 |url=http://www.cdi.org/program/issue/document.cfm?DocumentID=1620&IssueID=56&StartRow=21&ListRows=10&appendURL=&Orderby=DateLastUpdated&ProgramID=39&issueID=56 |access-date=4 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211212410/http://www.cdi.org/program/issue/document.cfm?DocumentID=1620&IssueID=56&StartRow=21&ListRows=10&appendURL=&Orderby=DateLastUpdated&ProgramID=39&issueID=56 |archive-date=11 February 2009}}</ref> There are also allegations that members of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] conducted arms transfers and made deals with LeT in the early 1990s.<ref>[http://archives.dawn.com/archives/34839 Sri Lankan report links LTTE with LeT] ''Dawn'' – 9 March 2009</ref> ====Al-Qaeda==== * The Lashkar is claimed to have operated a military camp in post–11 September Afghanistan, and extending support to the ousted Taliban regime. The outfit had claimed that it had assisted the Taliban militia and Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network in Afghanistan during November and December 2002 in their fight against the US-aided [[Afghan Northern Alliance|Northern Alliance]].<ref name="SAGE">{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Gus|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition|publisher=SAGE|page=341|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAVqklkq2uUC&pg=PA341|isbn=978-1-4129-8016-6|date=15 June 2011}}</ref> * A leading al-Qaeda operative [[Abu Zubaydah]], who became operational chief of al-Qaeda after the death of [[Mohammed Atef]], was caught in a [[Al-Qaeda guest houses, Faisalabad|Lashkar safehouse at Faisalabad]] in Pakistan.<ref name=cfrprofile/><ref name=wsj2008124> {{cite news|last=Schmidt|first=Susan|author2=Siobhan Gorman|title=Lashkar-e-Taiba Served as Gateway for Western Converts Turning to Jihad|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=4 December 2008|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122834970727777709?mod=googlenews_wsj|access-date=27 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022051604/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122834970727777709?mod=googlenews_wsj|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} </ref> * A news report in the aftermath of [[11 September attacks]] in the U.S. has indicated that the outfit provides individuals for the outer circle of bin Laden's personal security.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} * Other notable al-Qaeda operatives said to have received instruction and training in LeT camps include [[David Hicks]], [[Richard Reid (shoe bomber)|Richard Reid]] and [[Dhiren Barot]].<ref name=wsj2008124 /> ====Jaish-e-Mohammed==== News reports, citing security forces, said that the latter suspect that on 13 December 2001 [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|attack]] on India's Parliament in New Delhi, a joint group from the LeT and the [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] (JeM) were involved. The attack precipitated the [[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff]]. ====Hizb-ul-Mujahideen==== The Lashkar is reported to have conducted several of its major operations in tandem with the [[Hizb-ul-Mujahideen]].They conducted various operations together and it's believed that they still work together in j&k ====Ties to attacks in the United States==== * The Markaz campus at Muridke in Lahore, its headquarters, was used as a hide-out for both [[Ramzi Yousef]], involved in the [[1993 World Trade Center bombing]], and [[Mir Aimal Kansi]], convicted and executed for the January 1993 killing of two [[Central Intelligence Agency]] officers outside the agency's headquarters in [[Langley, Virginia]].<ref name="cia.gov" /> * A group of men dubbed the [[Virginia Jihad Network]] attended LeT training camps and were convicted in 2006 of conspiring to [[provide material support to the LeT]].<ref name="Markon" /> The leader of the group, [[Ali al-Timimi]], urged the men to attend the LeT camps and to "go abroad to join the mujahideen engaged in jihad in Afghanistan." The men also trained with weapons in Virginia.<ref> Anti-Defamation League, [http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/chicago_men_denmark_attack.htm "Chicago Men Charged with Plotting Terrorist Attack in Denmark" 2 December 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201133550/http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/chicago_men_denmark_attack.htm |date=1 December 2009}} </ref> * Two U.S. citizens, [[Syed Haris Ahmed]] and [[Ehsanul Sadequee]] were arrested in 2006 for attempting to join LeT. Ahmed traveled to Pakistan in July 2005 to attend a [[terrorist training camp]] and join LeT. The men also shot videos of U.S. landmarks in the Washington, D.C. area for potential terrorist attacks. They were convicted in Atlanta during the summer of 2009 for conspiring to [[provide material support to terrorists]].<ref> Anti-Defamation League, [http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/syed_haris_ahmed_conviction.htm "Americans Convicted on Terrorism Charges in Atlanta" 12 June 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006083302/http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/syed_haris_ahmed_conviction.htm |date=6 October 2012}} </ref> * U.S. citizen [[Ahmad Abousamra]] was indicted in November 2009 for providing material support to terrorists. He allegedly went to Pakistan in 2002 to join the Taliban and LeT, but failed.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> The [[F.B.I.]] issued a $50,000 reward for his capture on 3 October 2012.<ref name="FBI – Help Us Catch a Terrorist" /><ref name="Fox News Channel" /> ==See also== {{Portal|Pakistan}} {{colbegin}} * [[Ghazwa-e-Hind]] * [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] * [[Abdul Rauf Asghar]] * [[Ajmal Kasab]] * [[al Qaeda]] * [[All Parties Hurriyat Conference]] * [[Burhan Wani]] * [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir conflict and Problems before Plebiscite]] * [[Lascar]] * [[List of designated terrorist groups]] * [[List of organizations banned by the Government of India]] * [[Osama bin Laden]] * [[Rukhsana Kausar]] * [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] {{colend}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * {{citation|doi=10.1080/0163660X.2019.1594135|title=Preventing the Next Lashkar-e-Tayyiba Attack|journal=The Washington Quarterly|volume=42|pages=53–70|year=2019|last1=Bacon|first1=Tricia|s2cid=159406934}} ==External links== * [https://rewardsforjustice.net/rewards/lashkar-e-tayyiba-let/ Lashkar-e Tayyiba (LeT)]. [[Rewards for Justice Program|Rewards for Justice]]. * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/05/AR2008120501582.html Profile of Lashkar-e-Taiba], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 2008-12-05 * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3181925.stm Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba] – [[BBC News]] * [https://www.c-span.org/video/?296999-2/lashkar-taibi-pakistan Lashkar-e-Taibi and Pakistan] (conference video), Jamestown Foundation, [[C-SPAN]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060911224716/http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/lashkaretaiba.asp Report on the Lashkar-e-Toiba by the Anti-Defamation League] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120513000855/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm Report on Lashkar-e-Toiba by the South Asia Terrorism Portal] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061021173831/http://saag.org/papers20/paper1972.html Should Mohd. Afzal Guru be executed?] International Terrorism Monitor—Paper # 132. * [http://www.sacw.net/DC/CommunalismCollection/ArticlesArchive/sikand20Nov2003.html Islamist Militancy in Kashmir: The Case of the Lashkar-i Tayyeba] – by Prof. [[Yoginder Sikand]] * [http://harvardpress.typepad.com/hup_publicity/2008/12/the-fidayeen-of-lashkaretaiba.html Background on the ''fidayeen'' tactics of Lashkar-e-Toiba] * [https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/blog/2006/11/kashmir_quake_a.html PBS report about Jamat-ud-Dawa's relief work in Kashmir] * [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/10/17/MNGJEF9G0M1.DTL ''San Francisco Chronicle'' article about the Ad-Dawa relief work] * [https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo44805 Protecting the Homeland Against Mumbai-Style Attacks and the Threat from Lashkar-E-Taiba: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, 12 June 2013] {{2008 Mumbai attacks}} {{Kashmir separatist movement}} {{Militant Islamism in South Asia}} {{al-Qaeda direct franchises}} {{War on Terrorism}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lashkar-E-Taiba}} [[Category:Lashkar-e-Taiba| ]] [[Category:1987 establishments in Afghanistan]] [[Category:1987 establishments in Pakistan]] [[Category:Ahl-i Hadith]] [[Category:Far-right politics in Pakistan]] [[Category:Groups affiliated with al-Qaeda]] [[Category:Jihadist groups in Afghanistan]] [[Category:Jihadist groups in India]] [[Category:Jihadist groups in Jammu and Kashmir]] [[Category:Jihadist groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia]] [[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]] [[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada]] [[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Russia]] [[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States]] [[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1987]] [[Category:Supraorganizations]] [[Category:Violence against Hindus in India]] [[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by Pakistan]]'