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[ 0 => '{{Short description|Indian tribe in Oklahoma, United States}}', 1 => '{{Infobox ethnic group', 2 => '|group=Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town', 3 => '|native_name=Oola Albaama-Kowassaati', 4 => '| population = 369<ref name=otpg />', 5 => '|popplace=United States (Oklahoma)', 6 => '|langs=[[English language|English]], [[Creek language|Mvskoke]], [[Alabama language]], [[Koasati language]]', 7 => '|rels=[[Protestantism]], traditional tribal religion', 8 => '|related=[[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] peoples: [[Miccosukee]], [[Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw]], [[Creek people|Creek]], and [[Seminole]]', 9 => '}}', 10 => '', 11 => 'The '''Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town''' ([[Alabama language|Alabama]]: ''Oola Albaama-Kosaati'', [[Coushatta language|Coushatta]]: ''Oola Albaamo-Kowassaati'') is both a [[Federally recognized tribes|federally recognized Native American tribe]] and a traditional township of [[Muskogean]]-speaking [[Alabama (tribe)|Alabama]] and [[Coushatta]] (also known as Quassarte) peoples. Their traditional languages include [[Alabama language|Alabama]], [[Koasati language|Koasati]], and [[Creek language|Mvskoke]]. {{As of|2014}}, the tribe includes 369 enrolled members, who live within the state of [[Oklahoma]] as well as Texas, Louisiana, and Arizona.<ref name="otpg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.okhistory.org/pdf/pocketguide.pdf|title=Oklahoma Tribal Pocket Guide|date=2014|website=Oklahoma Historical Society|publisher=Office of American Indian Culture & Preservation|access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref>', 12 => '', 13 => 'Other federally recognized Coushatta tribes are the [[Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana]] and the [[Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas]]. Two other Muscogee tribal towns are federally recognized, and 40 tribal towns, or ''talwa'', remain enrolled in the [[Muscogee Creek Nation]].<ref name=kia>[http://www.oha.doi.gov/IBIA/IbiaDecisions/19ibia/19ibia296.PDF "Kialegee Tribal Town v. Muskogee Area Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs."] ''Interior Board of Appeals.'' 17 April 1991 (retrieved 26 April 2010)</ref>', 14 => '', 15 => '==History==', 16 => 'The [[Coushatta|Quassarte]] and [[Alabama (people)|Alabama]] were originally two distinct tribes, who both lived on the banks of the [[Alabama River]] from [[Mobile, Alabama]] to the upper reaches of the river. Both the river and the state are named after the Alabama.<ref name="ohs">Moore, John H. [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AL001.html "Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127023535/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AL001.html |date=2013-01-27 }}, ''Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' (retrieved 31 Jan 09)</ref> The Quassarte are also known as the [[Coushatta]] or ''Koasati'', in their own language.', 17 => '', 18 => 'The two tribes shared many similarities in their language and culture, as they were both Muskogean-speaking.<ref name="aq">[http://www.alabama-quassarte.org/ Official Website of the Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town.] 2009. (retrieved 31 Jan 09)</ref> In the early 17th century, after a conflict with French settlers, the tribes formed an alliance. They intermarried freely and became active trading partners. In 1763, the two tribes joined the [[Muscogee Nation Confederacy]] (also called the [[Creek Confederacy]]).<ref name="ohs"/>', 19 => '', 20 => 'Before removal of the [[Creek (people)|Muscogee Creek]] people from [[Alabama]] in the 1830s, the Muscogee Nation Confederacy included over 44 different tribal towns. The Alabama and Quassarte peoples made up six to eight of those towns.<ref name="ohs"/> Facing increasing encroachment by European-American settlers, some of the Quassarte and Alabama peoples moved into Louisiana and Texas in the late 18th century and early 19th century. These emigrants and their descendants formed what are today the federally recognized [[Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana]] and the [[Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas]].<ref name="aq"/>', 21 => '', 22 => 'Those who stayed in Alabama joined forces and became a single town.<ref name="aq"/> The [[Indian Removal Act]] of 1830 forced the tribal town, along with the rest of the Muscogee, to [[Indian Territory]] west of the [[Mississippi River]]. They settled in what would become Hughes, McIntosh, Okfuskee, and Seminole counties.<ref name="aq"/> The [[Dawes Act|Dawes Allotment Act]] of 1887 and the [[Curtis Act of 1898]], intended to increase assimilation, provided for allotments of land to individual households from the communal reservation lands and sale of the "surplus"; in addition, it required the extinguishing of tribal governments and courts. The [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] took an increased role on the reservations.', 23 => '', 24 => 'The Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town maintained its cultural identity. It practiced traditional dances and beliefs at the Alabama Ceremonial Grounds near Wetumka.<ref name="aq"/> Other Native American peoples also survived culturally and preserved their religious practices. The town took the opportunity afforded by the federal [[Indian Reorganization Act of 1934]] under the President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] administration and the [[Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act]] of 1936 to set up a government. It organized as a distinct, federally recognized tribe in April 1939. Due to its historic relationship with the [[Muscogee Creek Nation]], which became federally recognized in 1972, tribal members can maintain dual citizenship in both tribes.<ref name="aq"/>', 25 => '', 26 => '==Government==', 27 => 'The Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town is headquartered in [[Wetumka, Oklahoma]]. Its tribal jurisdictional area, as opposed to a reservation, spans Creek, Hughes, Mayes, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okfuskee, Okmulgee, Rogers, Seminole, Tulsa, and Wagoner counties in Oklahoma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf|title=2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory|date=2011|website=OK.gov|publisher=Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524155332/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf|archive-date=2011-05-24}}</ref>', 28 => '', 29 => 'The Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town is governed by a chief, second chief, secretary, floor speaker, solicitor, chairman of the governing committee, and the governing committee itself, with twelve elected members.<ref name="con"/> Wilson Yargee is the elected chief, currently serving a four-year term.', 30 => '', 31 => 'Tribal enrollment is based on lineal descent from 1890 and 1895 tribal rolls. It does not require a minimum [[blood quantum]].<ref name="con">[http://google.com/search?q=cache:loPUNH6jNSYJ:thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/alaquassarte.pdf+alabama+quassarte+constitution&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us&client=firefox-a Constitution and By-Laws of the Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Oklahoma]. 10 Jan 1939 (retrieved 31 Jan 08)</ref> Certain federal benefits for qualified Native Americans, such as educational scholarships, do require certain blood quantum.', 32 => '', 33 => 'The tribe maintains a close relationship with the Muscogee Creek Nation and falls under the jurisdiction of their tribal courts. Some members are dually enrolled in the Muscogee Nation.<ref name=kia/>', 34 => '', 35 => '==Economic development==', 36 => 'The Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town operates a tribal housing program and a [[Casino|gaming center]] (Red Hawk Gaming) in Wetumka.<ref name="otpg" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alabama-quassarte.org/redhawk/contact.htm|title=Redhawk Gaming Center, Wetumka|website=Alabama Quassarte Tribal Town|access-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185014/http://www.alabama-quassarte.org/redhawk/contact.htm|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>', 37 => '', 38 => '==References==', 39 => '{{reflist}}', 40 => '', 41 => '==External links==', 42 => '* [http://www.alabama-quassarte.org/ Official Website to the Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town]', 43 => '* [http://www.tribalresourcecenter.org/ccfolder/alaquassarte.pdf Constitution and By-Laws of the Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Oklahoma]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} pdf document', 44 => '', 45 => '{{Native American Tribes in Oklahoma}}', 46 => '', 47 => '{{authority control}}', 48 => '', 49 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town}}', 50 => '[[Category:Koasati]]', 51 => '[[Category:Native American tribes in Oklahoma]]', 52 => '[[Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States]]', 53 => '[[Category:Muscogee tribal towns]]' ]