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'{{Short description|Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}} {{Infobox hurricane season | Basin=Atl | Year=2005 | Track=2005 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png | Track alt=Tracks of about 28 tropical storms, including 15 hurricanes, cluster in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, with some scattered in the Atlantic. Seven hurricanes are major, and most of them make landfall on the U.S. Gulf coast. | First storm formed=June 8, 2005 | Last storm dissipated=January 6, 2006 <br />(record latest, tied with [[1954 Atlantic hurricane season|1954]]) | Strongest storm name=[[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]]<br />(Most intense hurricane in the Atlantic basin) | Strongest storm pressure=882 | Strongest storm winds=160 | Average wind speed=1 | Total depressions=31 (record high, tied with [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020]]) | Total storms=28 | Total hurricanes=15 (record high) | Total intense=7 (record high, tied with [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020]]) | Damages= 172297 | Damagespost=Second-costliest [[tropical cyclone]] season on record | Fatalities=3,912 total | five seasons=[[2003 Atlantic hurricane season|2003]], [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]], '''2005''', [[2006 Atlantic hurricane season|2006]], [[2007 Atlantic hurricane season|2007]] | Season timeline=Timeline of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season | West Pacific season=2005 Pacific typhoon season | East Pacific season=2005 Pacific hurricane season | North Indian season=2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season }} The '''2005 Atlantic hurricane season''' was the most active Atlantic hurricane season in history, until the record was broken [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|15 years later in 2020]]. The season broke numerous records at the time, with 28<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/11/01/tropical-storm-eta-expected-become-hurricane-monday/6112670002/|title=Tropical Storm Eta expected to intensify into the season's 12th hurricane on Monday|publisher=USA Today|website=usatoday.com|last=Miller|first=Susan|quote="Eta is the 28th named storm of a historic season, which has tied 2005 for most storms on record."}}</ref>&nbsp;[[tropical cyclone|tropical]] or [[subtropical cyclone|subtropical]] storms recorded. The United States [[National Hurricane Center]]{{#tag:ref|The United States [[National Hurricane Center]] is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the [[tropical cyclone basins|North Atlantic basin]].<ref name="nhc">{{cite report|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|date=2011-09-11|title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Centers|access-date=March 19, 2020|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutrsmc.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321173303/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutrsmc.shtml|archive-date=March 21, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="nb"}} [[tropical cyclone naming|named]] 27&nbsp;storms, exhausting the annual pre-designated list and resulting in the usage of six [[Greek letter]] names, and also identified an [[2005 Azores subtropical storm|additional unnamed storm]] during a post-season re-analysis. A record 15&nbsp;storms attained hurricane status, with [[maximum sustained winds]] of at least 74&nbsp;[[miles per hour|mph]] (119&nbsp;[[km/h]]); of those, a record seven became major hurricanes, which are a Category&nbsp;3 or higher on the [[Saffir–Simpson scale]]. Four storms of this season became [[List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes|Category&nbsp;5 hurricanes]], the highest ranking on the scale. The four Category&nbsp;5 hurricanes that developed during the season were: [[Hurricane Emily (2005)|Emily]], [[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]], [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]], and [[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]]. In July, Emily reached peak intensity in the [[Caribbean Sea]], becoming the first Category&nbsp;5 hurricane of the season, later weakening and striking Mexico twice. In August, Katrina reached peak winds in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] but weakened by the time it struck the U.S. states of [[Louisiana]] and [[Mississippi]]. The most devastating effects of the season were felt on the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], where Katrina's [[storm surge]] crippled [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], for weeks and devastated the Mississippi coastline. Katrina became the [[List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes|costliest U.S. hurricane]], leaving $125&nbsp;billion in damage{{#tag:ref|All damage totals are in 2005 values of their respective currencies.|group="nb"}} and 1,836&nbsp;deaths. Rita followed in September, reaching peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico before weakening and hitting near the border of [[Texas]] and Louisiana. The season's strongest hurricane, Wilma, became the [[List of most intense tropical cyclones#North Atlantic Ocean|most intense]] Atlantic hurricane on record, as measured by [[atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]]. Lasting for ten days in October, Wilma moved over [[Cozumel]], the [[Yucatán Peninsula]], and [[Florida]], causing $19&nbsp;billion in damage and 48&nbsp;deaths. The season's impact was widespread and catastrophic. Its storms caused an estimated 3,912&nbsp;deaths and approximately $171.7&nbsp;billion in damage. It was the costliest season on record at the time, until its record was surpassed [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|12 years later]]. It also produced the second-highest [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) in the Atlantic basin, surpassed only by the [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933 season]]. The season officially began on June&nbsp;1, 2005, and the first storm – [[Tropical Storm Arlene (2005)|Arlene]] – developed on June&nbsp;8. [[Hurricane Dennis]] in July inflicted heavy damage to Cuba. [[Hurricane Stan]] in October was part of a broader weather system that killed 1,668&nbsp;people and caused $3.96&nbsp;billion in damage to eastern Mexico and Central America, with [[Guatemala]] hit the hardest. The final storm – [[Tropical Storm Zeta (2005)|Zeta]] – formed in late December and lasted until January&nbsp;6, 2006. Douglas bond of doom never dies! ==Seasonal forecasts== {| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:left; clear: right;" |+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2005 season''' |- style="background:#ccccff" |align="center"|'''Source''' |align="center"|'''Date''' |align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Named<br />storms</span>''' |align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Hurricanes</span>''' |align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Major<br />hurricanes</span>''' |align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Ref</span>''' |- |align="center" colspan="2"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1950–2004)</span>''|| 10.0 || 6.0 || 2.6 ||<ref>{{cite web | date=May 16, 2005 | title=Background Information: The North Atlantic hurricane season | publisher=United States Climate Prediction Center | access-date=March 8, 2020 | url=https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/background_information.html | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506153426/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/background_information.html | archive-date=May 6, 2017 }}</ref> |- | colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/> |- | CSU || December 3, 2004 || 11 || 6 || 3 ||<ref name="CSU Dec 2004">{{cite report|author1=Gray, William M |author2=Klotzbach, Philip J|author3=Thorson, William|date=December 3, 2004|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2004-12.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307053739/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/dec2004/|archive-date=March 7, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | TSR || December 10, 2004 || 9.6 || 5.7 || 3.3 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005">{{cite report|author1=Saunders, Mark|author2=Lea, Adam|date=July 7, 2005|title=July Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2005|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJul2005.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901071312/http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJul2005.pdf|archive-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref> |- | TSR || January 5, 2005 || 13.9 || 7.8 || 3.6 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | TSR || February 9, 2005 || 13.6 || 7.7 || 3.5 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | TSR || March 7, 2005 || 14.0 || 7.9 || 3.6 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | CSU || April 1, 2005 || 13 || 7 || 3 ||<ref name="CSU April">{{cite report|author1=Gray, William M|date=April 1, 2005|author2=Klotzbach, Philip J|author3=Thorson, William|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-04.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210150915/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/april2005/|archive-date=February 10, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | TSR || April 5, 2005 || 13.9 || 7.8 || 3.6 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | InsMet || May 2, 2005 || 13 || 7 || N/A ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | TSR || May 5, 2005 || 13.9 || 7.8 || 3.6 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | NOAA || May 16, 2005 || 12–15 || 7–9 || 3–5 ||<ref name="NOAA May">{{cite press release|date=May 16, 2005|title=NOAA: 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Outlook|publisher=United States Climate Prediction Center|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html|author=Bell, Gerald D|author2=Blake, Eric S|author3=Landsea, Christopher W|author4=Mo, Kingtse C|author5=Pasch, Richard J|author6=Chelliah, Muthuvel|author7=Goldenberg, Stanley B|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906022727/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html|archive-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | CSU || May 31, 2005 || 15 || 8 || 4 ||<ref name="CSU June">{{cite report|author1=Gray, William M|author2=Klotzbach, Philip J|author3=Thorson, William|date=April 1, 2005|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-06.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210150915/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/april2005/|archive-date=February 10, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | TSR || June 7, 2005 || 13.8 || 7.8 || 3.5 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | TSR || July 7, 2005 || 15.3 || 8.8 || 4.1 ||<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> |- | InsMet || August 1, 2005 || 20 || 9 || N/A ||<ref name="TSR Aug 2005">{{cite report|author1=Saunders, Mark|author2=Lea, Adam|date=August 5, 2005|title=August Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2005|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastAug2005.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901071444/http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastAug2005.pdf|archive-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref> |- | NOAA || August 2, 2005 || 18–21 || 9–11 || 5–7 ||<ref name="NOAA August">{{cite press release|date=August 2, 2005|title=NOAA: August 2005 Update to Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/August/hurricane.html|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|author=Bell, Gerald D|author2=Blake, Eric S|author3=Landsea, Christopher W|author4=Mo, Kingtse C|author5=Pasch, Richard J|author6=Chelliah, Muthuvel|author7=Goldenberg, Stanley B|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111202342/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/August/hurricane.html|archive-date=January 11, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | TSR || August 5, 2005 || 22.1 || 11.4 || 7.8 ||<ref name="TSR Aug 2005"/> |- | CSU || August 5, 2005 || 20 || 10 || 6 ||<ref name="CSU August">{{cite report|author1=Gray, William M|author2=Klotzbach, Philip J|author3=Thorson, William|date=August 5, 2005|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329095246/https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-08.pdf|archive-date=March 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | CSU || September 2, 2005 || 20 || 10 || 6 ||<ref name="CSU September">{{cite report|author1=Gray, William M|author2=Klotzbach, Philip J|author3=Thorson, William|date=September 2, 2005|title=Forecast of Atlantic hurricane activity for September and October 2005 and seasonal update through August|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/sep2005/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050923154633/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/sep2005/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 23, 2005}}</ref> |- | CSU || October 3, 2005 || 20 || 11 || 6 ||<ref name="CSU October">{{cite report|author1=Gray, William M|author2=Klotzbach, Philip J|author3=Thorson, William|date=October 3, 2005|title=Forecast of Atlantic hurricane activity for October 2005 and seasonal update through September|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=March 8, 2020|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/sep2005/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213204355/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/oct2005/|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 13, 2005}}</ref> |- | colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/> |- |align="left"| ||align="left"|'''Actual activity''' || '''28''' || '''15''' || '''7''' ||<ref name="MWR">{{cite journal|author1=Beven, John L|author2=Avila, Lixion A|author3=Blake, Eric S|author4=Brown, Daniel P|author5=Franklin, James L|author6=Knabb, Richard D|author7=Pasch, Richard J|author8=Rhome, Jamie R|author9=Stewart, Stacy R|title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005|journal=Monthly Weather Review|date=March 2008|volume=136|issue=3|pages=1109–1173|doi=10.1175/2007MWR2074.1|bibcode = 2008MWRv..136.1109B}}</ref> |} Ahead of the formal start of the season, various groups issued forecasts for the number of named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes in the upcoming season, including [[Colorado State University]] (CSU), the Cuban Institute of Meteorology (InsMet), Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), and the United States [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA). Some forecasts predicted how many tropical cyclones would affect a particular country or territory.<ref name="CSU Dec 2004"/><ref name="TSR July 2005"/> ===Pre-season forecasts=== The first of these forecasts was issued by CSU, which predicted on December&nbsp;5, 2004 that the season would be above average and feature 11&nbsp;named storms, 6&nbsp;hurricanes and 3&nbsp;intense hurricanes.<ref name="CSU Dec 2004"/> They also noted that the Caribbean and the entire United States coastline faced an increased risk of a major hurricane making landfall.<ref name="CSU Dec 2004"/> TSR issued its first forecast a few days later and predicted that the season would feature 9.6&nbsp;tropical storms, 5.7&nbsp;hurricanes, 3.3&nbsp;major hurricanes, and predicted that the [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) rating would be 145.<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> During January 2005, TSR increased its forecast to 13.9&nbsp;tropical storms, 7.8&nbsp;hurricanes, 3.6&nbsp;major hurricanes, and predicted that the ACE rating would be 157.<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> CSU issued its first updated forecast on April&nbsp;1, increasing their prediction to 13&nbsp;tropical storms, 7&nbsp;hurricanes, and 3&nbsp;major hurricanes, with a continued risk of a major hurricane landfall in the Caribbean or United States. The increase was based on the Atlantic continuing to warm and a strong belief that [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation|El Niño conditions]] would not persist into the hurricane season.<ref name="CSU April"/> On May&nbsp;2, the Cuban Institute of Meteorology (InsMet) issued their seasonal forecast, which predicted that the season would feature 13&nbsp;tropical storms and 7&nbsp;hurricanes.<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> This was followed on May&nbsp;16 by NOAA, who predicted a 70% chance of above normal activity, with 12–15 tropical storms, 7–9 hurricanes, and 3–5 major hurricanes.<ref name="NOAA May"/> CSU issued its second forecast update on May&nbsp;31, revising its forecast to 15&nbsp;named storms, 8&nbsp;hurricanes and 4&nbsp;major hurricanes; by this point, the group believed El Niño conditions were unlikely.<ref name="CSU June"/> ===Midseason outlooks=== In their July forecast update, TSR anticipated that the season would be exceptionally active and well above average; the group increased their forecast to 15.3&nbsp;tropical storms, 8.8&nbsp;hurricanes, and 4.1&nbsp;major hurricanes, with an ACE rating of 190.<ref name="TSR July 2005"/> By the end of July, seven tropical storms and two major hurricanes had developed within the basin, which prompted CSU, InsMet, NOAA and TSR to significantly increase their seasonal forecasts at the start of August.<ref name="TSR Aug 2005"/><ref name="NOAA August"/><ref name="CSU August"/> In their August&nbsp;5 update, CSU predicted that 13&nbsp;more storms would form, with seven more hurricanes and three more major hurricanes.<ref name="CSU August"/> At the start of September, CSU updated their forecasts and predicted that eight more storms would form, with six more hurricanes and three major hurricanes.<ref name="CSU September"/> By the end of September, 17&nbsp;named storms had developed, of which nine had developed into hurricanes and four had become major hurricanes. Within their final update for the year, CSU predicted that October would feature three named storms, two hurricanes and one major hurricane.<ref name="CSU October"/> {{clear}} ==Seasonal summary== {{For timeline}} <div class="center"> <timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:235 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/06/2005 till:31/01/2006 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/06/2005 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Depression_=_≤38_mph_(≤62_km/h) id:TS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Tropical_Storm_=_39–73_mph_(63–117_km/h) id:C1 value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Category_1_=_74–95_mph_(118–153_km/h) id:C2 value:rgb(1,0.91,0.46) legend:Category_2_=_96–110_mph_(154–177_km/h) id:C3 value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Category_3_=_111–129_mph_(178–208_km/h) id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.56,0.13) legend:Category_4_=_130–156_mph_(209–251_km/h) id:C5 value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Category_5_=_≥157_mph_(≥252_km/h) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:08/06/2005 till:13/06/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Arlene (2005)|Arlene (TS)]]" from:28/06/2005 till:30/06/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Bret (2005)|Bret (TS)]]" from:03/07/2005 till:07/07/2005 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Cindy (2005)|Cindy (C1)]]" from:04/07/2005 till:13/07/2005 color:C4 text:"[[Hurricane Dennis|Dennis (C4)]]" from:10/07/2005 till:21/07/2005 color:C5 text:"[[Hurricane Emily (2005)|Emily (C5)]]" from:21/07/2005 till:29/07/2005 color:TS text:"Franklin (TS)" from:23/07/2005 till:25/07/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Gert (2005)|Gert (TS)]]" from:02/08/2005 till:08/08/2005 color:TS text:"Harvey (TS)" from:04/08/2005 till:18/08/2005 color:C2 text:"[[Hurricane Irene (2005)|Irene (C2)]]" from:13/08/2005 till:14/08/2005 color:TD text:"Ten (TD)" barset:break from:22/08/2005 till:23/08/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Jose (2005)|Jose (TS)]]" from:23/08/2005 till:31/08/2005 color:C5 text:"[[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina (C5)]]" from:28/08/2005 till:29/08/2005 color:TD text: barset:break barset:skip barset:skip from:31/08/2005 till:02/09/2005 color:TS text:"Lee (TS)" from:01/09/2005 till:10/09/2005 color:C3 text:"[[Hurricane Maria (2005)|Maria (C3)]]" from:05/09/2005 till:10/09/2005 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Nate (2005)|Nate (C1)]]" from:06/09/2005 till:17/09/2005 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Ophelia (2005)|Ophelia (C1)]]" from:17/09/2005 till:23/09/2005 color:C1 text:"Philippe (C1)" from:18/09/2005 till:26/09/2005 color:C5 text:"[[Hurricane Rita|Rita (C5)]]" from:30/09/2005 till:02/10/2005 color:TD text:"Nineteen (TD)" from:01/10/2005 till:05/10/2005 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Stan|Stan (C1)]]" barset:break from:04/10/2005 till:05/10/2005 color:TS text:"[[2005 Azores subtropical storm|Unnamed (SS)]]" from:05/10/2005 till:06/10/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Tammy (2005)|Tammy (TS)]]" from:08/10/2005 till:10/10/2005 color:TD text:"Twenty-Two (SD)" from:08/10/2005 till:11/10/2005 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Vince (2005)|Vince (C1)]]" from:15/10/2005 till:25/10/2005 color:C5 text:"[[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma (C5)]]" from:22/10/2005 till:24/10/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Alpha (2005)|Alpha (TS)]]" from:26/10/2005 till:31/10/2005 color:C3 text:"[[Hurricane Beta|Beta (C3)]]" from:14/11/2005 till:16/11/2005 color:TS text: barset:break barset:skip barset:skip barset:skip barset:skip barset:skip barset:skip barset:skip from:18/11/2005 till:22/11/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Gamma (2005)|Gamma (TS)]]" from:22/11/2005 till:28/11/2005 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Delta (2005)|Delta (TS)]]" from:29/11/2005 till:08/12/2005 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Epsilon (2005)|Epsilon (C1)]]" barset:break from:30/12/2005 till:06/01/2006 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Zeta (2005)|Zeta (TS)]]" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/06/2005 till:01/07/2005 text:June from:01/07/2005 till:01/08/2005 text:July from:01/08/2005 till:01/09/2005 text:August from:01/09/2005 till:01/10/2005 text:September from:01/10/2005 till:01/11/2005 text:October from:01/11/2005 till:01/12/2005 text:November from:01/12/2005 till:31/12/2005 text:December from:01/01/2006 till:31/01/2006 text:January 2006 TextData = pos:(570,30) text:"(From the" pos:(617,30) text:"[[Saffir–Simpson scale]])" </timeline> </div> With 28 storms (27&nbsp;named storms and one unnamed), the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season set a new single-year record for most storms, surpassing the total of 20 from [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933]].<ref name="clim"/> This record stood until surpassed by the [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020 season]], which had 30 storms.<ref>{{cite news| last=Cappell|first=Bill|title=The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season ends as the third most active year ever|date=November 30, 2021|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/11/30/1060158141/2021-atlantic-hurricane-season-ends-third-most-active-year-ever|publisher=[[NPR]]|access-date=June 4, 2022}}</ref> A total of 7&nbsp;named storms formed before August&nbsp;1, which exceeded the record of 5&nbsp;set in [[1997 Atlantic hurricane season|1997]]; this record stood until 2020. The fourth named storm developed at a then-record early date, surpassed in [[2012 Atlantic hurricane season|2012]]. The fifth though eleventh and the thirteenth and onward named storms developed at then-record early dates that were later surpassed in 2020.<ref name="tae records">{{cite web|url=https://www.weather.gov/tae/climate_2005review_hurricanes|title=2005 Hurricane Season Records|publisher=National Weather Service Tallahassee, Florida|access-date=May 11, 2020}}</ref> Further, the months of July and November set records for number of named storms, with 5 and 3, respectively. The 2005 season featured 15&nbsp;hurricanes, surpassing the previous record of 12, set in [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969]]. Of the 15&nbsp;hurricanes, 5&nbsp;formed in September, with the season becoming only the sixth to feature 5 in that month.<ref name="tae records"/> The 2005 season also featured a record seven major hurricanes, one more than the previous record, set in [[1926 Atlantic hurricane season|1926]], 1933, [[1950 Atlantic hurricane season|1950]], [[1996 Atlantic hurricane season|1996]], and [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]]. The four Category&nbsp;5 hurricanes were also a record.<ref name="clim">{{Cite report|title=State of the Climate: Hurricanes and Tropical Storms – Annual 2005|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=January 2006|access-date=February 28, 2020|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tropical-cyclones/200513|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127180507/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tropical-cyclones/200513|archive-date=January 27, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hurdat"> {{cite report|title=North Atlantic Hurricane Basin (1851–2018) Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|date=June 2019|access-date=February 28, 2020|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227210958/https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|archive-date=February 27, 2020|url-status=live}} </ref> The season's activity was reflected with an ACE rating of 250, the second-highest value on record in the Atlantic basin, after the 1933 season.<ref>{{cite web|last=Linker|first=Josh|title=Why This Hurricane Season Isn't as Active as It Seems|date=September 16, 2020|url=https://www.baynews9.com/fl/tampa/weather/2020/09/15/lots-of-names--but-actually-pretty-average|website=baynews9.com|publisher=[[Bay News 9]]|location=St. Petersburg, Florida|access-date=December 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name="ACE">{{cite report|work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=February 2014|title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|access-date=July 10, 2014|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|location=Miami, Florida|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329014406/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|archive-date=March 29, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The extremely active 2005 hurricane season was a continuation of an extended sequence of active years for tropical activity in the Atlantic.<ref name="SmithEtAl">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Shawn R. |last2=Brolley |first2=Justin |last3=O’Brien |first3=James J. |last4=Tartaglione |first4=Carissa A. |title=ENSO's Impact on Regional U.S. Hurricane Activity |journal=Journal of Climate |date=April 2007 |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=1404–1414 |doi=10.1175/JCLI4063.1 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |location=Boston, Massachusetts |bibcode=2007JCli...20.1404S |doi-access=free }}</ref> Tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic Ocean between [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]] and [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]] was more active than any other decade in reliable record. With the exception of two years in which [[El Niño]] conditions were prevalent ([[1997 Atlantic hurricane season|1997]] and [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002]]), all hurricane seasons were individually above average. This was associated with an active phase of the [[Atlantic multidecadal oscillation]] (AMO), with a similar period of elevated tropical activity occurring between 1950 and 1969. The anomalously frequent formation of tropical storms and hurricanes reflected the emergence of unusually warm [[sea surface temperature]]s across the [[tropical Atlantic]].<ref name="BellChelliah">{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Gerald D. |last2=Chelliah |first2=Muthuvel |title=Leading Tropical Modes Associated with Interannual and Multidecadal Fluctuations in North Atlantic Hurricane Activity |journal=Journal of Climate |date=February 2006 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=590–612 |doi=10.1175/JCLI3659.1 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |location=Boston, Massachusetts |bibcode=2006JCli...19..590B |s2cid=45760322 }} {{open access}}</ref> The [[Climate Prediction Center]] (CPC) predicted in May&nbsp;2005 that the conditions associated with this active multi-decadal signal would continue into the 2005 hurricane season, providing favorable conditions for [[tropical cyclogenesis]] in the tropical Atlantic.<ref name="NOAAOutloook">{{cite web |title=NOAA: 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Outlook |url=https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html |website=Climate Prediction Center |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=May 14, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514182453/https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html |archive-date=May 14, 2020 |location=Camp Springs, Maryland |date=May 16, 2005}}</ref> ===Record activity=== {{List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons}} Chylek and Lesins (2008) determined that the likelihood of a season generating as much tropical activity as 2005 was less than 1&nbsp;percent. The consecutive occurrence of hurricane seasons as active as 2004 and 2005 in the Atlantic was unprecedented.<ref name="ChylekLesins">{{cite journal |last1=Chylek |first1=Petr |last2=Lesins |first2=Glen |title=Multidecadal variability of Atlantic hurricane activity: 1851–2007 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |date=25 November 2008 |volume=113 |issue=D22 |pages=D22106 |doi=10.1029/2008JD010036 |publisher=American Geophyiscal Union |bibcode=2008JGRD..11322106C |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1231299 |doi-access=free }} {{free access}}</ref> While environmental conditions favorable for the development of tropical cyclones were analogous to other active seasons, they were more pronounced and encompassed larger areas in 2005. The CPC determined that this environmental enhancement was primarily driven by four factors: the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, the reduction of [[atmospheric convection]] in the tropical Pacific, record-high sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean, and conducive wind and pressure patterns across the western Caribbean and [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The multidecadal oscillation increased the potency of conducive environmental factors for tropical development, including the increased strength of [[subtropical ridge]]s in the northern and southern Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. This amplified the [[African easterly jet]] and enhanced upper-level [[easterlies]], attenuating [[wind shear]] detrimental to tropical cyclogenesis across the central tropical Atlantic and the Caribbean. Frequent lulls in convection over the tropical Pacific also contributed to the strength of these ridges, focusing hurricane activity in the Atlantic. Most of the tropical storms and all major hurricanes in the Atlantic in 2005 formed when a lack of convection was present near the [[International Dateline]], while a brief uptick in storms near the International Dateline led to a lull in tropical cyclogenesis in the Atlantic for the first half of August.<ref name="sum">{{cite report|url=https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/hurrsummary_2005.pdf|title=The 2005 North Atlantic Hurricane Season A Climate Perspective|author=Bell, Gerald D|author2=Blake, Eric S|author3=Landsea, Christopher W|author4=Mo, Kingtse C|author5=Pasch, Richard J|author6=Chelliah, Muthuvel|author7=Goldenberg, Stanley B|publisher=United States Climate Prediction Center|access-date=February 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822021554/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/hurrsummary_2005.pdf|archive-date=August 22, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Gulf of Mexico saw record levels of tropical activity in 2005, with 11&nbsp;named storms entering the basin. The unusual activity was attributed to a persistent [[high pressure area]] over the [[Southeastern United States]], the northeastward displacement and amplification of the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] (ITCZ) over the eastern Pacific, and above average sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico. These factors reduced vertical wind shear and favored cyclonic flow, creating an environment highly supportive of tropical development. The high pressure area also steered incoming storms into the Gulf of Mexico.<ref name="sum" /> In addition, the [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation]] (ENSO) was in a neutral phase, lowering the likelihood of storms making [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] on the [[East Coast of the United States]] and leading to a concentration of impacts farther west.<ref name="SmithEtAl" /> This focusing mechanism led to a complementary reduction in storms [[Cape Verde hurricane|developing]] close to [[Cape Verde]].<ref name="Lim et al">{{cite journal |last1=Lim |first1=Young-Kwon |last2=Schubert |first2=Siegfried D. |last3=Reale |first3=Oreste |last4=Molod |first4=Andrea M. |last5=Suarez |first5=Max J. |last6=Auer |first6=Benjamin M. |title=Large-Scale Controls on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity on Seasonal Time Scales |journal=Journal of Climate |date=September 2016 |volume=29 |issue=18 |pages=6727–6749 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0098.1 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |location=Boston, Massachusetts |pmid=29928071 |pmc=6004610 |bibcode=2016JCli...29.6727L |doi-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref> During the peak of the 2005 season, the [[Loop Current]]&nbsp;– an ocean current that transports warm water from the Caribbean Sea northward into the Gulf of Mexico and offshore the U.S. East Coast&nbsp;– propagated northward, reaching its most poleward point in advance of Hurricane Katrina. This protrusion detached into a warm core ring, or a small region of warm waters to an abnormally deep depth, and began to drift southwest as Hurricane Rita traversed the region. By mid-October, the Loop Current returned to its typical position in the Yucatán Peninsula. This evolution provided enhanced [[ocean heat content]] to both hurricanes and was partially responsible for the extreme intensities attained by those cyclones.<ref>{{cite conference|last1=Jaimes|first1=Benjamin|last2=Shay|first2=Lynn|last3=Uhlhorn|first3=Eric|last4=Cook|first4=Thomas|last5=Brewster|first5=Jodi|last6=Halliwell|first6=George|last7=Black|first7=Peter|title=Influence of loop current ocean heat content on hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma|url=https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/108249.pdf|publisher=American Meteorological Society|conference=27th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology|date=December 1, 2006|access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> In addition to the unusually high amount of tropical activity, the 2005&nbsp;season also featured an abnormally high amount of storms in the typically inactive early and latter parts of the season.<ref name="Kossin">{{cite journal |last1=Kossin |first1=James P. |title=Is the North Atlantic hurricane season getting longer? |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=9 December 2008 |volume=35 |issue=23 |pages=L23705 |doi=10.1029/2008GL036012 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |bibcode=2008GeoRL..3523705K |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lowered sea-level atmospheric pressures in the late spring and early summer of 2005 curtailed the strength of [[trade wind]]s, resulting in a reduction of [[latent heat]] loss from the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean. This allowed the persistence of the anomalously warm sea surface temperatures that had contributed to the active 2004 hurricane season; this warmth remained until November&nbsp;2005.<ref name="VirmaniWeisberg">{{cite journal |last1=Virmani |first1=Jyotika I. |last2=Weisberg |first2=Robert H. |title=The 2005 hurricane season: An echo of the past or a harbinger of the future? |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=2006 |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=L05707 |doi=10.1029/2005GL025517 |publisher=American Geophyiscal Union |bibcode=2006GeoRL..33.5707V |s2cid=129097202 }} {{free access}}</ref> The activity in later parts of the 2005&nbsp;season was elevated by the unusual development of four tropical cyclones from non-tropical origins over the eastern Atlantic.<ref name="MaukHobgood">{{cite journal |last1=Mauk |first1=Rachel G. |last2=Hobgood |first2=Jay S. |title=Tropical Cyclone Formation in Environments with Cool SST and High Wind Shear over the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean* |journal=Weather and Forecasting |date=December 2012 |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=1433–1448 |doi=10.1175/WAF-D-11-00048.1 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |location=Boston, Massachusetts |bibcode=2012WtFor..27.1433M |s2cid=122484459 |url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275445016 }}</ref> In the wake of the season, questions arose regarding the potential impact of [[global warming]] on Atlantic hurricane activity. Hurricane experts noted that establishing a conclusive relationship would be difficult given the significant role that natural variability plays on hurricane formation and significantly improved tropical cyclone detection methods compared to decades past. A series of international workshops were established after 2005. After five years of analysis, researchers were unable to confirm whether the recent increase in tropical cyclone activity could be attributed more to climate change than natural variability. Models developed within the workshops projected that the number of tropical cyclones under Category&nbsp;3 intensity would fall over the 21st century, while the number of intense Category&nbsp;4–5 hurricanes would increase significantly. One potential hypothesis for these findings was a projected increase in vertical wind shear contradicted by warmer ocean temperatures for hurricanes to utilize. The team also concluded that the amount of precipitation produced by tropical cyclones would increase over the next century.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michon Scott|title=Will Hurricanes Change as the World Warms?|url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/will-hurricanes-change-world-warms|publisher=climate.gov|date=August 2, 2010|access-date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> In May&nbsp;2020, researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of Wisconsin at Madison built upon this research and, for the first time, established a statistically significant global trend toward more intense tropical cyclones, particularly in the Atlantic basin. The research not only reaffirmed a trend toward stronger, wetter tropical cyclones, but it also identified a trend toward increased rapid intensification events and a general slowing of tropical cyclones' forward motion near land.<ref>{{cite news|author=Andrew Freeman|author2=Jason Samenow|title=The strongest, most dangerous hurricanes are now far more likely because of climate change, study shows|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/05/18/hurricanes-stronger-climate-change/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 18, 2020|access-date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> === Impacts === [[File:KatrinaNewOrleansFlooded edit2.jpg|thumb|Flooding in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina|alt=Aerial view of Interstate 10 inundated by floodwaters]] The storms of the season were extraordinarily damaging and were responsible for significant loss of life. Total damage is estimated to be about US$171.7&nbsp;billion, and the seasons' storms contributed to the deaths of 3,912&nbsp;people.<ref name="MWR"/> There were a record 15&nbsp;storms making landfall,<ref name="sum"/> including seven storms that struck the United States.<ref name="clim"/> The hardest-hit area was the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|United States Gulf Coast]] from eastern Texas to [[Florida]], affected to varying degrees by [[Tropical Storm Arlene (2005)|Arlene]], [[Hurricane Cindy (2005)|Cindy]], Dennis, [[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]], [[Hurricane Ophelia (2005)|Ophelia]], [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]], [[Tropical Storm Tammy (2005)|Tammy]], and [[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]].<ref name=MWR /> Dennis left $2.23&nbsp;billion in damage along the Florida Panhandle.<ref name="DennisTCR"/> Katrina caused catastrophic damage to the Gulf Coast, devastating a long stretch of coast along [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], and [[Alabama]] with a 30-foot (9&nbsp;m) storm surge. Wind damage was reported well inland, slowing down recovery efforts. Storm surge also breached levees in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, flooding about 80% of the city. Total damage has been estimated at $125&nbsp;billion, making Katrina the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, surpassing [[Hurricane Andrew|Andrew]] in [[1992 Atlantic hurricane season|1992]] and tying [[Hurricane Harvey|Harvey]] in [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]]. At least 1,836&nbsp;people were killed by the storm, making it the deadliest hurricane in the U.S. since 1928.<ref name="KatrinaTCR"/><ref>{{cite web| author = Christopher Landsea| year = 2005| url = http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E12.html| title = AOML Frequently Asked Questions, E12| publisher =United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| access-date =April 3, 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060422015918/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E12.html| archive-date=April 22, 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="katreport">{{cite web|author=United States Department of Commerce |title=Hurricane Katrina Service Assessment Report |access-date=July 14, 2006 |url=http://www.weather.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/Katrina.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060723034359/http://www.weather.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/Katrina.pdf |archive-date=July 23, 2006 |url-status=dead |date=June 2006 |author-link=United States Department of Commerce }}</ref> Southeastern [[North Carolina]] suffered some damage from the slow-moving Ophelia.<ref name="OpheliaTCR"/> Rita struck near the border of Louisiana and Texas. The hurricane re-flooded New Orleans (though to a far less degree than Katrina), and caused about $18.5&nbsp;billion in damage.<ref name="Dead 2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf |title=The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts) |page=47 |access-date=August 10, 2011 |date=August 10, 2011 |author=National Climatic Data Center, National Hurricane Center |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221124852/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/nws-nhc-6.pdf |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wilma caused about $19&nbsp;billion in damage when it moved across southern Florida in October. The hurricane contributed to 30&nbsp;deaths, five of whom were killed directly by the storm.<ref name="usdam"/><ref name="pbp"/> Three hurricanes struck Mexico – Emily, Stan, and Wilma. Emily struck [[Quintana Roo]] and [[Tamaulipas]] as a major hurricane,<ref name="EmilyTCR"/> causing US$343&nbsp;million ($3.4&nbsp;billion MXN) in damage.<ref name="mexdam"/> Stan killed 80&nbsp;people in Mexico, and damage in the county was estimated at US$1.2&nbsp;billion ($13.2&nbsp;billion MXN). Stan was part of a broader weather system across Central America that killed 1,513&nbsp;people in Guatemala, where damage was estimated at US$996&nbsp;million.<ref name="ochagu"/><ref name="StanTCR"/><ref name="mexdam"/><ref name="gudam"/> Wilma dropped historic rainfall while drifting across the Yucatán peninsula.<ref name="wmo"/> It killed four people in the country and left US$454&nbsp;million ($4.8&nbsp;billion MXN) in damage.<ref name="WilmaTCR"/><ref name="mexdam"/> In the Caribbean, Cuba suffered the effects of Dennis and Wilma. The former killed 16&nbsp;people and left US$1.4&nbsp;billion in damage when it struck Cuba twice.<ref name="c05"/> Later, Wilma flooded parts of western Cuba, leaving US$704&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="c05"/> The island of [[Hispaniola]] experienced Dennis in July, which killed 56&nbsp;people in Haiti.<ref name="IFRCupdate3"/> Emily killed one person and left US$111&nbsp;million in damage when it struck [[Grenada]],<ref name="grendam"/> and later it killed five people on Jamaica.<ref name="EmilyTCR"/> Collectively, Dennis and Emily caused about US$96&nbsp;million ([[Jamaican dollar|J$]]6&nbsp;billion) in damage to Jamaica.<ref name="jamdam"/> Wilma killed 12&nbsp;people in Haiti and one in Jamaica.<ref name="WilmaTCR"/> [[Tropical Storm Alpha (2005)|Alpha]] killed 26&nbsp;people in the Caribbean.<ref name="AlphaTCR"/> In Central America, [[Hurricane Beta|Beta]] killed nine people and caused US$11.5&nbsp;million in damage when it struck [[Nicaragua]] in October.<ref name="NN1"/><ref name="Roads">{{cite news|author=Carlos Salinas|newspaper=El Nuevo Diario|date=November 1, 2005|access-date=October 18, 2009|title=Reconstrucción costará 300 millones|url=http://impreso.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2005/11/01/nacionales/4736|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706072218/http://impreso.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2005/11/01/nacionales/4736|archive-date=July 6, 2009}}</ref><ref name="b1"/><ref name="b2"/><ref name="b3"/><ref name="b4">{{cite news|author=Giorgio Trucchi|newspaper=UITA|date=November 16, 2005|access-date=March 8, 2010|title=Nicaragua: Abandono y desesperación en la Costa Caribe después del Huracán "Beta"|url=http://www.rel-uita.org/sociedad/la-casa-nuestra.htm|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716082544/http://www.rel-uita.org/sociedad/la-casa-nuestra.htm|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="b5">{{cite news|author=Sergio León C.|newspaper=La Prensa|date=November 8, 2005|access-date=July 5, 2010|title=Costa necesita 35 millones de córdobas a causa de Beta|url=http://archivo.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2005/noviembre/08/ultimahora/index.html|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724143755/http://archivo.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2005/noviembre/08/ultimahora/index.html|archive-date=July 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="b6">{{cite news|agency=EFE|newspaper=7dias|date=November 4, 2005|access-date=July 15, 2010|title=Calculan en unos nueve millones de dólares las pérdidas causadas por lluvias en Honduras|url=http://www.7dias.us/noticia/9254/calculan-en-unos-nueve-millones-de-d-lares-las-p-rdidas-causadas-por-lluvias-en-honduras|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903004553/http://www.7dias.us/noticia/9254/calculan-en-unos-nueve-millones-de-d-lares-las-p-rdidas-causadas-por-lluvias-en-honduras|archive-date=September 3, 2011}}</ref> In November, [[Tropical Storm Gamma]] killed two people in [[Bequia]] in the [[Grenadines]], 34&nbsp;people in Honduras, and 3 in Belize.<ref name="USAToday_1115"/><ref name="GammaTCR"/> Unusual impacts were felt in Europe and nearby islands. The [[Extratropical cyclone|remnants]] of [[Hurricane Maria (2005)|Maria]] caused a landslide in Norway that killed three people.<ref name="MariaTCR"/><ref name="marno"/> The unnamed subtropical storm in October moved through the Azores.<ref name="unn"/> Also in October, [[Hurricane Vince (2005)|Vince]] became the first recorded tropical cyclone to strike Spain, making landfall at tropical depression intensity.<ref name="VinceTCR"/> In November, the extratropical remnants of [[Tropical Storm Delta (2005)|Delta]] struck the [[Canary Islands]], causing 7 fatalities, with 12&nbsp;people missing.<ref name="DeltaTCR"/> {{clear}} ==Systems== ===Tropical Storm Arlene=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Arlene 11 june 2005 1645Z.jpg |Track=Arlene 2005 track.png |Formed=June 8 |Dissipated=June 13 |1-min winds=60 |Pressure=989 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Arlene (2005)}} The season's first tropical depression developed north of [[Honduras]] on June&nbsp;8 from the interaction of the ITCZ and a series of [[tropical wave]]s. A day later it intensified into Tropical Storm Arlene while taking a northward track. On June&nbsp;10, Arlene struck western Cuba. The storm intensified further in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, reaching winds of 70&nbsp;mph (110&nbsp;km/h) early on June&nbsp;11. Later that day, the storm moved ashore just west of [[Pensacola, Florida]]. Over the next two days, Arlene continued northward through the United States, dissipating over southeastern Canada on June&nbsp;14.<ref name="ArleneTCR">{{cite report| author=Lixion A. Avila|author2=Daniel P. Brown|date=July 20, 2005| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Arlene| publisher=National Hurricane Center| access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL012005_Arlene}}| format=PDF}}</ref> In western Cuba, Arlene produced wind gusts of {{convert|49|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at Punta del Este and {{convert|6.81|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall in the city of [[Pinar del Río]]. Arlene left mostly minor damage throughout the United States, estimated at $11.8&nbsp;million. Storm surge damaged coastal roads in the Florida Panhandle and Alabama. In [[Miami Beach, Florida]], a student died when she was caught in a [[rip current]].<ref name="ArleneTCR"/> Rainfall in the United States peaked at {{convert|9.84|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Lake Toxaway]], North Carolina.{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} The remnants of Arlene dropped approximately {{convert|6|to|7|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall in [[Warren County, New York]], in just two hours, washing out several roadways and flooding numerous homes.<ref name="sd6">{{cite journal|volume=47|number=6|journal=Storm Data|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|date=June 2005|issn=0039-1972|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|location=Asheville, North Carolina}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Bret=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Tsbret2005.jpg |Track=Bret 2005 track.png |Formed=June 28 |Dissipated=June 30 |1-min winds=35 |Pressure=1002 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Bret (2005)}} Between June&nbsp;24 and June&nbsp;27, a tropical wave and weak [[low-pressure area]] moved in tandem across Central America and eastern Mexico. The system then reached the [[Bay of Campeche]] early on June&nbsp;28 and quickly organized into a tropical depression that day around 18:00&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]. Six hours later, at 00:00&nbsp;UTC on June&nbsp;29, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Bret and peaked with sustained winds of 40&nbsp;mph (65&nbsp;km/h). Bret moved ashore northeastern Mexico near [[Tuxpan]], [[Veracruz]], around 12:00&nbsp;UTC, dissipating early on June&nbsp;30 over [[San Luis Potosí]].<ref name="BretTCR">{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch| date=January 23, 2006| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Bret| publisher=National Hurricane Center| access-date=February 3, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL022005_Bret}}| format=PDF}}</ref> Bret brought heavy rainfall across Mexico, reaching at least 10.47&nbsp;in (266&nbsp;mm) in El Raudal, Veracruz.<ref name="smn">{{cite report|author=Alberto Hernández Unzón|year=2005|title=Resumen de la tormenta tropical "Bret" del océano Atlántico|publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional|access-date=February 3, 2020|language=es|url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2005/atlantico/bret/bret.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070625134233/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2005/atlantico/bret/bret.pdf |archive-date = June 25, 2007}}</ref> One person drowned in [[Cerro Azul, Veracruz|Cerro Azul]], while another death occurred in [[Naranjos]] due to cardiac arrest.<ref name="univ"/> The floods forced the evacuation of approximately 2,800&nbsp;people,<ref name="mexdam">{{cite report|title=Características e Impacto Socioeconómico de los Principales Desastres Ocurridos en la República Mexicana en el Año 2005|date=August 2006|language=es|url=http://www.proteccioncivil.gob.mx/work/models/ProteccionCivil/Resource/375/1/images/no_7.pdf|publisher=Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil|access-date=February 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214015625/http://www.proteccioncivil.gob.mx/work/models/ProteccionCivil/Resource/375/1/images/no_7.pdf|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|251}} damaged around 3,000&nbsp;houses, isolated 66&nbsp;villages, and caused about $100&nbsp;million (MXN, US$9.2&nbsp;million) in damage.<ref name="univ">{{cite news|author=Édgar Ávila Pérez|year=2005|title=Deja "Bret" un muerto y miles de damnificados|page=2|newspaper=El Universal|access-date=February 3, 2020|language=es|url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2005/atlantico/bret/bret.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070625134233/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2005/atlantico/bret/bret.pdf |archive-date = June 25, 2007}}</ref><ref name="mexdam"/> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Cindy=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Hurricane Cindy 2005-07-05.jpg |Track=Cindy 2005 track.png |Formed=July 3 |Dissipated=July 7 |1-min winds=65 |Pressure=991 }} {{Main|Hurricane Cindy (2005)}} A tropical depression formed on July&nbsp;3 in the western Caribbean Sea from a tropical wave that moved off Africa nine days prior.<ref name="CindyTCR"/> The depression crossed the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] and dropped rainfall, reaching {{convert|71|mm|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} in [[Cancún]].<ref name="wmo">{{cite report|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINAL-REPORT-HC-28.pdf|title=Final Report of the RA IV Hurricane Committee Twenty-Eighth Session|year=2006|access-date=February 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184209/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINAL-REPORT-HC-28.pdf|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The system entered the Gulf of Mexico, strengthening into Tropical Storm Cindy early on July&nbsp;5. Cindy intensified further into a minimal hurricane early on July&nbsp;6, with peak winds of 75&nbsp;mph (120&nbsp;km/h). The hurricane struck southeastern Louisiana and later southern Mississippi. Cindy continued across the southeastern United States and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on July&nbsp;7 over [[The Carolinas]]; it eventually dissipated over the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]] on July&nbsp;12.<ref name="CindyTCR">{{cite report| author=Stacy R. Stewart| date=February 14, 2006| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Cindy| publisher=National Hurricane Center| access-date=July 29, 2011|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032005_Cindy}}| format=PDF}}</ref> Across the United States, the hurricane caused $320&nbsp;million in damage and three fatalities – one in Georgia from flooding, and two in Maryland from a car crash.<ref name="CindyTCR"/><ref name="NCDC1">{{cite web|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]|year=2005|access-date=February 6, 2020|title=Heavy Rain Event Report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5463646}}</ref> Across Louisiana, the hurricane left 280,000&nbsp;people without power.<ref name="CindyTCR"/> Rainfall in the United States peaked at {{convert|9.50|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Saint Bernard, Louisiana]].{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} Cindy spawned a large [[Hurricane Cindy (2005) tornado outbreak|tornado outbreak]], including an [[Fujita scale|F2]] tornado near [[Hampton, Georgia]], that caused over $40&nbsp;million in damage at the [[Atlanta Motor Speedway]] alone.<ref name="CindyTCR"/> The same tornado inflicted severe damage to 11&nbsp;planes and 5&nbsp;vintage helicopters at [[Atlanta South Regional Airport|Tara Field]] and impacted hundreds of homes to some degree.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5467460|title=Event Details: Tornado|date=2005|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|access-date=May 12, 2020}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Dennis=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Dennis_2005-07-10_0410Z.jpg |Track=Dennis 2005 track.png |Formed=July 4 |Dissipated=July 13 |1-min winds=130 |Pressure=930 }} {{Main|Hurricane Dennis}} A tropical wave led to the development of Tropical Depression Four in the southeastern Caribbean late on July&nbsp;4 and further strengthened into Tropical Storm Dennis early the next day. The storm moved west-northwestward, strengthening into a hurricane on July&nbsp;6 to the south of Hispaniola. On the next day, Dennis rapidly intensified into a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane while moving between [[Jamaica]] and [[Haiti]]. Early on July&nbsp;8, the hurricane briefly moved over [[Granma Province]] in southeastern Cuba. After briefly weakening, Dennis restrengthened to attain peak winds of 150&nbsp;mph (240&nbsp;km/h) in the [[Gulf of Guacanayabo]],<ref name="DennisTCR"/> making it the strongest Atlantic hurricane before August; its record was broken eight days later by Hurricane Emily.<ref name="nasa7">{{cite web|series=Featured Images|title=Hurricane Season 2005: Emily|publisher=NASA|access-date=May 13, 2020|url=https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/h2005_emily.html}}</ref> Later on July&nbsp;8, Dennis moved ashore again in [[Matanzas Province]]. The hurricane crossed Cuba entered the Gulf of Mexico on July&nbsp;9 as a weakened hurricane. Dennis re-intensified to a secondary peak of 145&nbsp;mph (230&nbsp;km/h) on July&nbsp;10, only to weaken prior to its final landfall later that day near Pensacola, Florida. Dennis weakened and moved through the southeastern United States, the [[Ohio Valley]], and eventually dissipating on July&nbsp;18 over [[Ontario]].<ref name="DennisTCR">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 9, 2014| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dennis|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042005_Dennis}}| format=PDF}}</ref> The outer rainbands of Dennis produced widespread flooding and landslides in Haiti, killing at least 56&nbsp;people and leaving US$50&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="IFRCupdate3">{{cite report|agency=[[International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies]]|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=August 9, 2005|access-date=November 21, 2015|title=Caribbean: Hurricanes Dennis & Emily Appeal No. 05EA14 Operations Update No. 3 – Focus on Haiti and Jamaica|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/C29AAF4FE27F09088525705800616F11-ifrc-carib-09aug.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094510/http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/C29AAF4FE27F09088525705800616F11-ifrc-carib-09aug.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IDD">{{cite web|publisher=Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters|year=2015|access-date=November 21, 2015|series=International Disaster Database|title=Disasters List|url=http://www.emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708003828/http://emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html|archive-date=July 8, 2015}}</ref> Dennis brought torrential rain to Jamaica, reaching {{convert|24.54|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Mavis Bank]]. One person died in Jamaica, and damage was estimated at US$31.7&nbsp;million.<ref name="DennisTCR"/> The storm's heaviest rainfall occurred in Cuba, reaching {{convert|1092|mm|in|abbr=on|order=flip}}, making Dennis the wettest storm for the island since [[Hurricane Flora]] of 1963.<ref name="CUBARAIN">{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos |year=2003 |title=Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas |language=es |access-date=February 10, 2007 |url=http://www.hidro.cu/hidrologia1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723032757/http://www.hidro.cu/hidrologia1.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2011 }}</ref> Across the island, Dennis killed 16&nbsp;people, and left US$1.4&nbsp;billion in damage, affecting agriculture, tourist areas, infrastructure, and houses.<ref name="c05">{{cite book|title=Los Efectos De Los Desastres En 2004 Y 2005: La Necesidad De Adaptacion De Largo Plazo|publisher=United Nations Publications|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmDIX8FI3U4C&q=huracan+dennis+danos+cuba+millones&pg=PA20|page=20|author=Ricardo Zapata Marti|isbn=9789213229613}}</ref> Dennis moved ashore Florida near where [[Hurricane Ivan]] struck ten months prior.<ref>{{cite web|title=Learning From Disaster |publisher=Federal Highway Administration|author=Steve Jacobitz|date=November 2005|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/05nov/05.cfm|access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> Damage from Dennis in the United States totaled $2.545&nbsp;billion, and there were 15&nbsp;deaths in the country, all but one in Florida.<ref name="DennisTCR" /> Rainfall in the United States reached {{convert|12.80|in|mm|abbr=on}} near [[Camden, Alabama]].{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} {{clear}} ===Hurricane Emily=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Emily 2005-07-16 1845Z.jpg |Track=Emily 2005 track.png |Formed=July 11 |Dissipated=July 21 |1-min winds=140 |Pressure=929 }} {{Main|Hurricane Emily (2005)}} On July&nbsp;11, a tropical wave spawned a tropical depression east of the [[Lesser Antilles]] which quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Emily. Moving westward, Emily strengthened into a minimal hurricane and struck Grenada at that intensity on July&nbsp;14. Continuing across the Caribbean Sea, Emily eventually strengthened into a Category&nbsp;5 hurricane on July&nbsp;16 to the southwest of Jamaica, reaching peak winds of 160&nbsp;mph (260&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="EmilyTCR"/> Emily broke the record set by Dennis for the strongest Atlantic hurricane before August.<ref name="nasa7"/> Emily weakened after its peak intensity, striking the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula on July&nbsp;18 with winds of 135&nbsp;mph (185&nbsp;km/h). Emily emerged into the Gulf of Mexico and restrengthened, making another landfall in Mexico on July&nbsp;18 in Tamaulipas with winds of 125&nbsp;mph (205&nbsp;km/h). A day later, Emily dissipated over land.<ref name="EmilyTCR">{{cite report| author=James L. Franklin|author2=Daniel P. Brown|date=March 10, 2006| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Emily| publisher=National Hurricane Center| access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL052005_Emily}}| format=PDF}}</ref> Emily was the earliest 5th named storm before being surpassed by [[Tropical Storm Edouard (2020)|Tropical Storm Edouard]] in 2020. In Grenada, Emily killed one person and caused US$111&nbsp;million in damage, with thousands of roofs damaged. The hurricane's large circulation also damaged houses in other nearby islands. Heavy rainfall from Emily affected Haiti, killing five people.<ref name="grendam"> {{cite report|series=World Food Programme Emergency Report 2005|number=30|publisher=United Nations World Food Programme|at=ReliefWeb|date=July 22, 2005|access-date=February 6, 2020|title=World Food Programme Emergency Report 2005|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/32B9BC9B73F927BE8525704600654009-wfp-emergency-22jul.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206191731/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/32B9BC9B73F927BE8525704600654009-wfp-emergency-22jul.pdf|archive-date=February 6, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="5EA">{{cite report|title=Caribbean: Hurricanes Dennis & Emily Appeal No. 05EA14 Operations Update No. 1|publisher=International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies|at=ReliefWeb|access-date=February 6, 2020|date=July 19, 2005|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/caribbean-hurricanes-dennis-emily-appeal-no-05ea14-operations-update-no-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213044053/https://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/caribbean-hurricanes-dennis-emily-appeal-no-05ea14-operations-update-no-1|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In Jamaica, Emily produced {{convert|15.43|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall; associated flooding killed five people on the island.<ref name="EmilyTCR"/> Collectively, Emily and earlier Hurricane Dennis left about US$96&nbsp;million (J$6&nbsp;billion) in damage to Jamaica.<ref name="jamdam">{{cite report|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/166904/ccs_jam_en.pdf;jsessionid=A66E1C1BEDA6866C809DB3F92EFBB9CB?sequence=1|page=13|date=November 2010|title=Country Cooperation Strategy 2010 – 2015|publisher=Pan American Health Organization}}</ref> In Honduras, a man drowned in a river swollen by rains from Emily.<ref name="TerraDaily1">{{cite web|work=Agence-France-Press|publisher=Terra Daily|date=July 19, 2005|access-date=August 5, 2011|title=Hurricane Emily Hits Mexico Resorts; Death Toll Mounts|url=http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05l.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.02.03-125013/http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05l.html|archive-date=February 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Damage was heaviest where Emily made its two landfalls in Mexico,<ref name="EmilyTCR"/> with damage in the country estimated at US$343&nbsp;million ($3.4&nbsp;billion MXN).<ref name="mexdam" /> Two [[helicopter]] pilots were killed when their aircraft crashed while evacuating offshore [[oil platform]]s operated by [[Pemex]]. A man in [[Playa del Carmen]] was electrocuted to death while preparing for the hurricane.<ref name="TerraDaily1"/> The outskirts of Emily dropped heavy rainfall in southern Texas, damaging about $4.7&nbsp;million worth of cotton.<ref name="USDA1">{{cite web|publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]]|url=http://www.rma.usda.gov/fcic/2005/805managersreport.pdf|date=August 5, 2005|access-date=August 5, 2011|title=Manager's Report Exhibit No. 2800|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306115836/http://www.rma.usda.gov/fcic/2005/805managersreport.pdf|archive-date=March 6, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Franklin=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=TS Franklin 23 july 2005 1545Z.jpg |Track=Franklin 2005 track.png |Formed=July 21 |Dissipated=July 29 |1-min winds=60 |Pressure=997 }} Tropical Depression Six formed northeast of the Bahamas on July&nbsp;21, originating from a tropical wave that exited the coast of Africa on July&nbsp;10. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Franklin, but wind shear disrupted the storm's initial development. As the storm moved to the north and northeast, it intensified; on July&nbsp;23, Franklin attained peak winds of 70&nbsp;mph (110&nbsp;km/h). Three days later the storm passed west of Bermuda. An approaching [[Trough (meteorology)|trough]] turned Franklin to the northwest and weakened Franklin to a minimal tropical storm. Franklin restrengthened slightly as it accelerated northeastward. On July&nbsp;30, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south of Nova Scotia, and a day later it was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm near [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. Franklin held the record for the earliest sixth named storm until it was broken by [[Tropical Storm Fay (2020)|Tropical Storm Fay]] in 2020.<ref name="FranklinTCR">{{cite report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=March 17, 2006| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Franklin|author=Richard D. Knabb| access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062005_Franklin}}| format=PDF}}</ref> On July&nbsp;26, Bermuda recorded wind gusts of 37&nbsp;mph (59&nbsp;km/h) while the storm made its closest approach.<ref name="FranklinTCR"/> The storm brought light rainfall to Newfoundland.<ref>{{cite web|work=Canadian Hurricane Centre|title=Post-Tropical Storm Franklin Intermediate Information Statement|author=Danièle LaFortune|date=July 30, 2005 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=April 27, 2006 |url=http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/bulletins/20050730143826.Franklin.txt.en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002063438/http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/bulletins/20050730143826.Franklin.txt.en |archive-date=October 2, 2006 }}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Gert=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Gert Jul 24 2005 1935Z.jpg |Track=Gert 2005 track.png |Formed=July 23 |Dissipated=July 25 |1-min winds=40 |Pressure=1005 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Gert (2005)}} A tropical wave, the same that spawned Tropical Storm Franklin, moved off Africa on July&nbsp;10. It tracked west-northwest into the Bay of Campeche on July&nbsp;23, where it contributed to the development of a tropical depression later that day. As convection increased near the center, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Gert early on July&nbsp;24. The cyclone did not persist long over water, instead moving ashore north of [[Cabo Rojo (Mexico)|Cabo Rojo, Mexico]], with 45&nbsp;mph (75&nbsp;km/h) winds early on July&nbsp;25. It continued inland, affecting the same areas impacted by Hurricane Emily just days prior, and quickly dissipated over high terrain at the end of that day.<ref name="GertTCR">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 10, 2005| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Gert|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072005_Gert}}| format=PDF}}</ref> Gert dropped heavy rainfall, reaching {{convert|214.9|mm|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} in San Luis Potosí.<ref name="wmo"/> Gert caused about US$6&nbsp;million ($60&nbsp;million 2005 MXN) in damage,<ref name="damage totals">{{cite web|author=González Olivo, Marisol |url=http://www.diarioveracruz.com/REGIONAL-ANUARIO%204P.htm |title=Veracruz: entre catástrofes naturales y políticas |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504063312/http://www.diarioveracruz.com/REGIONAL-ANUARIO%204P.htm |archive-date=May 4, 2007 |url-status=dead |date=November 25, 2006 |access-date=November 25, 2006 }}</ref> and resulted in one fatality in Nuevo León.<ref name="gertde">{{cite news|newspaper=El Siglo de Torreón|date=July 27, 2005|title=Deja Gert un muerto en NL|language=es|access-date=February 10, 2020|url=https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/161394.deja-gert-un-muerto-en-nl.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303212514/https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/161394.deja-gert-un-muerto-en-nl.html|archive-date=March 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Gert was the earliest seventh named storm until it was surpassed by [[Tropical Storm Gonzalo (2020)|Tropical Storm Gonzalo]] in 2020. {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Harvey=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Harvey 2005-08-04 1740Z.jpg |Track=Harvey 2005 track.png |Formed=August 2 |Dissipated=August 8 |1-min winds=55 |Pressure=994 }} Tropical Depression Eight formed on August&nbsp;2 southwest of Bermuda from a tropical wave that left the African coast on July&nbsp;22. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Harvey on August&nbsp;3 while moving northeastward.<ref name="HarveyTCR">{{cite report|author=Richard D. Knabb|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Harvey|date=March 17, 2006|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 8, 2020|format=PDF|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082005_Harvey}}}}</ref> Due to strong wind shear, Harvey initially exhibited [[subtropical cyclone|subtropical]] characteristics.<ref name="NHC-disc1">{{cite report|author=James L. Franklin|title=Tropical Depression Eight Discussion Number 1|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 8, 2020|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al082005.discus.001.shtml|date=August 2, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928052914/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al082005.discus.001.shtml|archive-date=September 28, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> On August&nbsp;4, Harvey passed 45&nbsp;miles (75&nbsp;km) south of Bermuda. After moving away from the island, Harvey attained peak winds of 65&nbsp;mph (100&nbsp;km/h) late on August&nbsp;4 and continued northeastward for a few days, transitioning into an extratropical storm on August&nbsp;9. The storm gradually weakened and eventually dissipated northwest of the [[Azores]] on August&nbsp;14.<ref name="HarveyTCR"/> Harvey was the earliest eighth named storm on record before being surpassed by [[Hurricane Hanna (2020)|Hurricane Hanna]] during the [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season]]. On Bermuda, Harvey dropped {{convert|5.02|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall at [[Bermuda International Airport]], flooding some roads. Sustained winds on the island reached 45&nbsp;mph (75&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="HarveyTCR"/> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Irene=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Irene 2005-08-16.jpg |Track=Irene 2005 track.png |Formed=August 4 |Dissipated=August 18 |1-min winds=90 |Pressure=970 }} {{Main|Hurricane Irene (2005)}} A high-latitude tropical wave led to the genesis of Tropical Depression Nine west of [[Cabo Verde]] on August&nbsp;4. It moved to the northwest without much initial development. On August&nbsp;7, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Irene, only to weaken into a tropical depression again the next day. Irene turned to the west, and later resumed its northwest track. It re-intensified into a tropical storm on August&nbsp;11. On August&nbsp;15, the storm turned to the north, passing between Bermuda and North Carolina. On the next day, it strengthened into a hurricane.<ref name="IreneTCR"/> Irene intensified further after turning to the northeast and later east. Late on August&nbsp;16, the cyclone attained peak winds of 105&nbsp;mph (165&nbsp;km/h). An approaching trough weakened Irene and caused it to accelerate northeastward. On August&nbsp;18, Irene weakened into a tropical storm, and later that day was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm to the southeast of Newfoundland.<ref name="IreneTCR">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 20, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Irene|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092005_Irene}}| format=PDF}}</ref> Rip currents near [[Long Beach, New York]] killed a 16-year-old boy.<ref name="nyir">{{cite web|author=Richard Weir and Michael White|work=New York Daily News|date=August 16, 2005|access-date=December 29, 2009|title=Lost Boy's Body Found On Shore|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/lost-boy-body-found-shore-article-1.555381|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409094033/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/lost-boy-body-found-shore-article-1.555381|archive-date=April 9, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Irene was the earliest ninth named storm on record before being surpassed by [[Hurricane Isaias]] in 2020. {{clear}} ===Tropical Depression Ten=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=10L 2005-08-13 1550Z.jpg |Track=10-L 2005 track.png |Formed=August 13 |Dissipated=August 14 |1-min winds=30 |Pressure=1008 }} Tropical Depression Ten formed between the Lesser Antilles and Cabo Verde on August&nbsp;13 from a tropical wave that entered the Atlantic five days earlier.<ref name="TenTCR"/> The depression moved slowly westward in an environment of strong vertical shear. Some [[weather model]]s predicted relaxing shear and intensification of the system;<ref>{{cite web|author=Stewart, Stacy R.|title=Tropical Depression Ten Discussion Number 2|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al102005.discus.002.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=August 13, 2005|access-date=January 21, 2008|location=Miami, Florida|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070904040441/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al102005.discus.002.shtml|archive-date=September 4, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> however, the hostile conditions ripped the system apart, causing the depression to degenerate into a remnant low, and the NHC discontinued advisories on August&nbsp;14, when no organized deep [[Convection#Atmospheric convection|convection]] remained. The remnants of Tropical Depression Ten continued drifting northwestward, before degenerating further into a tropical wave north of the [[Leeward Islands]], on August&nbsp;18. Soon afterward, the low-level and mid-level circulations split, with the mid-level circulation lagging behind to the east. The remnant low-level circulation continued westward, before dissipating near Cuba on August&nbsp;21. Producing occasional bursts of convection, the mid-level remnant circulation eventually merged with another tropical wave approaching from the east, on August&nbsp;19. This new system would become Tropical Depression Twelve over the Bahamas and, eventually, [[Hurricane Katrina]].<ref name="TenTCR">{{cite report| author=John L. Beven|date=January 17, 2006| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Ten| publisher=National Hurricane Center| access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL102005_Ten}}| format=PDF}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Jose=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Jose 2005-08-23 Terra.jpg |Track=Jose 2005 track.png |Formed=August 22 |Dissipated=August 23 |1-min winds=50 |Pressure=998 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Jose (2005)}} A tropical wave, plausibly the same that spawned Tropical Depression Ten nine days earlier, led to the formation of Tropical Depression Eleven over the Bay of Campeche on August&nbsp;22. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Jose later that day and achieved a maximum strength of 60&nbsp;mph (95&nbsp;km/h). Jose made landfall in the Mexican state of Veracruz near the [[Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Station]] on August&nbsp;23. The cyclone became more organized two hours before making landfall and was forming an eye, but its winds remained under hurricane strength. Jose rapidly weakened and soon dissipated as it moved inland over Mexico. Jose was the earliest 10th named storm until surpassed by Tropical Storm Josephine in 2020.<ref name="JoseTCR"/> While drenching Mexico's Gulf coast, Jose forced some 25,000&nbsp;residents from their homes in Veracruz state and damaged at least 16,000&nbsp;homes in the state.<ref name="joseAN">{{cite news|title=Tropical storm Jose hits Mexico, loses power|agency=Reuters|date=August 23, 2005|url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N23540113.htm |access-date=February 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051023004648/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N23540113.htm |archive-date=October 23, 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Teorema Ambiental"/> Jose killed 11&nbsp;people in Veracruz and 5 in Oaxaca.<ref name="mexdam"/><ref name="JoseTCR">{{cite report| author=James L. Franklin|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 13, 2006| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Jose|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL112005_Jose}}| format=PDF}}</ref> Damage in Mexico totaled roughly $45&nbsp;million.<ref name="Teorema Ambiental">{{cite news|title=Estiman daños en Veracruz por 500 millones de pesos|date=August 26, 2005|agency=El Universal|newspaper=Teorema Ambiental |access-date=February 8, 2020|url=http://www.teorema.com.mx/articulos.php?id_sec=44&id_art=184 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930065725/http://www.teorema.com.mx/articulos.php?id_sec=44&id_art=184 |archive-date=September 30, 2007|language=es}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Katrina=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Katrina 2005-08-28 1700Z.jpg |Track=Katrina 2005 track.png |Formed=August 23 |Dissipated=August 30 |1-min winds=150 |Pressure=902 }} {{Main|Hurricane Katrina}} A tropical depression developed on August&nbsp;23 from the complex interaction of a tropical wave, the mid-level remnants of Tropical Depression Ten, and a nearby upper-level trough. The depression became a tropical storm on August&nbsp;24 and a hurricane on August&nbsp;25, making landfall as a Category&nbsp;1 hurricane in southeastern Florida.<ref name="KatrinaTCR"/> Katrina imparted about $500&nbsp;million in crop and infrastructure damage to the state.<ref>{{cite report|date=September 19, 2005|access-date=February 20, 2020|title=A Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of Katrina and Drought on U.S. Agriculture|url=https://www.usda.gov/oce/newsroom/archives/releases/2007files/Katrinadamage_1_2.pdf|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213110005/https://www.usda.gov/oce/newsroom/archives/releases/2007files/Katrinadamage_1_2.pdf|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Event Report for Florida|access-date=February 20, 2020|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5470157|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618120206/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5470157|archive-date=June 18, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The hurricane quickly crossed Florida and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. Katrina rapidly intensified to Category&nbsp;5 status early on August&nbsp;28, becoming the seventh most intense Atlantic hurricane. Turning northward, the hurricane weakened as it approached the northern Gulf Coast. On August&nbsp;29 at 11:10&nbsp;UTC, Katrina made landfall in southeastern Louisiana as a Category&nbsp;3 hurricane, with 125&nbsp;mph (200&nbsp;km/h) winds, and a barometric pressure of {{convert|920|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}};<ref name="KatrinaTCR"/> it was the third lowest pressure for a landfalling United States hurricane at the time, and fourth as of 2018.<ref name="KatrinaTCR"/>{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} Katrina then crossed the [[Breton Sound]], making a third and final landfall with 120&nbsp;mph (190&nbsp;km/h) winds near [[Pearlington, Mississippi]]. The cyclone quickly weakened after moving inland and became extratropical over [[Kentucky]] on August&nbsp;30.<ref name="KatrinaTCR">{{cite report|author=Richard D. Knabb|author2=Jamie R. Rhome|author3=Daniel P. Brown|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 14, 2011| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL122005_Katrina}}| format=PDF}}</ref> On August&nbsp;27, the New Orleans [[National Weather Service]] issued an [[National Weather Service bulletin for Hurricane Katrina|urgent weather bulletin]] describing potentially catastrophic impacts, comparing Katrina to [[Hurricane Camille]] of 1969. A day later, New Orleans mayor [[Ray Nagin]] issued the city's first-ever mandatory evacuation. About 80% of the city and 83% of neighboring [[Jefferson Parish, Louisiana|Jefferson Parish]] evacuated ahead of the storm.<ref name="katas">{{cite report|url=https://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/Katrina.pdf|title=Hurricane Katrina Service Assessment|publisher=National Weather Service|date=June 2006|access-date=May 12, 2020}}</ref> The hurricane left catastrophic damage across southern Louisiana, with more than 300,000&nbsp;houses damaged or destroyed; most of these were in [[Orleans Parish, Louisiana|Orleans Parish]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/GulfCoast_Hsngdmgest.pdf|title=Current Housing Unit Damage Estimates, Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma|publisher=United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|date=February 12, 2006|access-date=February 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231657/http://www.huduser.org/Publications/pdf/GulfCoast_HsngDmgEst.pdf|archive-date=September 26, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[New Orleans]], [[storm surge]] breached the [[levee]]s along the [[Gulf Intracoastal Waterway]] and [[17th Street Canal|17th Street]] and [[London Avenue Canal]]s, flooding about 80% of the city. Portions of the city remained underwater for 43&nbsp;days.<ref name="KatrinaTCR"/> The Mississippi and Alabama coastlines also suffered catastrophic damage from the storm's 30&nbsp;ft (9&nbsp;m) storm surge, with very few structures remaining on the coast of the former.<ref name="KatrinaTCR" /> Across the region, the hurricane flooded and ruined about 350,000&nbsp;vehicles. About 2.4&nbsp;million people lost access to clean drinking water.<ref name="nrdc">{{cite report|author=Erik D. Olson|publisher=National Resources Defense Council|title=The Environmental Effects of Hurricane Katrina|date=October 6, 2005|access-date=May 14, 2020|url=https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/leg_05100601A.pdf}}</ref> Katrina also spawned an [[Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak|outbreak of 62&nbsp;tornadoes]] across the eight states in the eastern United States.<ref name="KatrinaTCR" /> Hurricane Katrina imparted catastrophic damage in portions of Louisiana and Mississippi, with overall damage estimated at $173&nbsp;billion; this makes Katrina the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Throughout the United States, Katrina killed 1,836&nbsp;people, making it one of the deadliest [[List of United States hurricanes|hurricanes in the United States]],<ref name="MWR 2005AHS">{{cite journal |first1=John L. II |last1=Beven |first2=Lixion A. |last2=Avila |first3=Eric S. |last3=Blake |first4=Daniel P. |last4=Brown |first5=James L. |last5=Franklin |first6=Richard D. |last6=Knabb |first7=Richard J. |last7=Pasch |first8=Jamie R. |last8=Rhome |first9=Stacy R. |last9=Stewart |date=March 2008 |title=Annual Summary: Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005 |journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]] |volume=136 |issue=3 |pages=1131–1141 |access-date=July 6, 2014 |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/2005.pdf |doi=10.1175/2007MWR2074.1 |bibcode=2008MWRv..136.1109B |citeseerx=10.1.1.212.8973 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910002905/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/2005.pdf |archive-date=September 10, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DHHLouisiana">{{cite journal|first1=Joan |last1=Brunkard |first2=Gonza |last2=Namulanda |first3=Raoult |last3=Ratard |journal=Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness |date=August 28, 2008 |title=Hurricane Katrina deaths, Louisiana, 2005 |doi=10.1097/DMP.0b013e31818aaf55 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=215–223 |pmid=18756175 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="KatrinaTCR" /> and the deadliest American hurricane since [[1928 Okeechobee hurricane|1928]].<ref name="katas"/> The [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) managed the aftermath of the hurricane, and faced [[Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina|criticism for its response time]], lack of coordination with state agencies, supply shortages, and insufficient housing for federal workers.<ref>{{cite news|date=April 14, 2006|title=Report: Criticism of FEMA's Katrina response deserved|author=Mike M. Ahlers|publisher=CNN|access-date=May 14, 2020|url=https://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/04/14/fema.ig/}}</ref> Tens of thousands of people lost their jobs following the hurricane.<ref name="katas"/> Residents across the New Orleans area suffered [[Social effects of Hurricane Katrina#Health issues|health effects]], including rashes and respiratory problems, from polluted water and air following the hurricane.<ref name="nrdc"/> Katrina forced about 800,000&nbsp;people to move temporarily, which was the greatest number of [[internally displaced person|displaced people]] in the country since the [[Dust Bowl]]. The United States federal government spent $110.6&nbsp;billion in relief, recovery and rebuilding efforts, including $16&nbsp;billion toward rebuilding houses, which was the nation's largest ever housing recovery project. Within a year of the storm, most of the levees were largely repaired.<ref name="State">{{cite report|title=Hurricane Katrina: What Government Is Doing |publisher=United States Department of State|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/150082.pdf|date=September 24, 2006|access-date=May 13, 2020}}</ref> Various [[International response to Hurricane Katrina|countries and international agencies]] sent supplies or financial aid to assist in the hurricane response.<ref>{{cite news|agency=BBC|date=September 2, 2005|access-date=May 14, 2020|title=World mobilises to aid US victims |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4210264.stm}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Lee=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Lee 2005-08-31 1415Z.jpg |Track=Lee 2005 track.png |Formed=August 28 |Dissipated=September 2 |1-min winds=35 |Pressure=1006 }} A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August&nbsp;24. It developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen on August&nbsp;28 while 960&nbsp;miles (1550&nbsp;km) east of the Lesser Antilles. Strong wind shear prevented much organization, and the depression degenerated into a low pressure area late on August&nbsp;29. The remnants moved to the north and northeast, steered by a larger non-tropical system to the north. The convection increased on August&nbsp;31; that day the system regenerated into a tropical depression, which strengthened further into Tropical Storm Lee. The storm attained peak winds of 40&nbsp;mph (65&nbsp;km/h) while located between [[Bermuda]] and [[Azores|the Azores]]. After 12&nbsp;hours as a tropical storm, Lee weakened back to a tropical depression as it turned to the northwest, steered by the larger non-tropical storm. On September&nbsp;2, the depression degenerated into a remnant low, which was absorbed by a [[cold front]] two days later.<ref name="LeeTCR">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Lee|date=December 7, 2005|access-date=April 25, 2006|format=PDF|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL132005_Lee}}}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Maria=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=File:Maria_2005-09-06_0135Z.jpg |Track=Maria 2005 track.png |Formed=September 1 |Dissipated=September 10 |1-min winds=100 |Pressure=962 }} {{Main|Hurricane Maria (2005)}} A strong tropical wave entered the eastern Atlantic on August&nbsp;27. The broad disturbance was initially hindered by strong wind shear but eventually organized into a tropical depression about halfway between the Leeward Islands and Cabo Verde early on September&nbsp;1. The tropical cyclone moved northwest and steadily organized as upper-level winds became more conducive. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Maria on September&nbsp;2 and eventually became the sixth hurricane of the season early on September&nbsp;4. As the cyclone developed a well-defined eye, Maria reached peak winds of 115&nbsp;mph (185&nbsp;km/h), Category&nbsp;3 strength, early on September&nbsp;6. Around the time of its peak, Maria turned to the north and northeast, moving around the subtropical ridge as it gradually weakened. Maria fell to tropical storm intensity on September&nbsp;9 and became extratropical a day later between Newfoundland and the Azores. The former hurricane re-intensified over the northern Atlantic Ocean, only to weaken before passing near southern Iceland. On September&nbsp;14, the extratropical storm that was once Maria merged with another extratropical storm while approaching [[Norway]]. The remnants of Maria brought resulted in heavy rainfall to Norway, triggering a landslide in [[Bergen]] that killed three people and injured seven others.<ref name="MariaTCR">{{cite report|author1=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Eric S. Blake|date=February 8, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Maria| publisher=National Hurricane Center| access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL142005_Maria}}|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=September 14, 2005|title=Weakened Hurricane Maria Leaves One Dead In Norway|publisher=Terra Daily|access-date=February 10, 2020|url=http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05zzv.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.02.03-145901/http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05zzv.html|archive-date=February 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="marno">{{cite report|date=May 31, 2011|title=Climate Change and Territorial Effects on Regions and Local Economies|author=Ove Langeland|author2=Per Medby|author3=Bjørg Langset|publisher=[[Interreg|European Observation Network]]|access-date=February 10, 2020|url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/AppliedResearch/CLIMATE/ESPON_Climate_Final_Report_Annex5_Bergen_Case_Study.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307000334/https://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/AppliedResearch/CLIMATE/ESPON_Climate_Final_Report_Annex5_Bergen_Case_Study.pdf|archive-date=March 7, 2016}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Nate=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Nate Sept 7 2005 1730Z.jpg |Track=Nate 2005 track.png |Formed=September 5 |Dissipated=September 10 |1-min winds=80 |Pressure=979 }} {{Main|Hurricane Nate (2005)}} A tropical wave left Africa on August&nbsp;30 and moved into the southwestern Atlantic, where subsequent interaction with an [[Cold-core low|upper-level low]] led to the genesis of a tropical depression south-southwest of Bermuda on September&nbsp;5. This depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Nate, which moved slowly northeastward. On September&nbsp;7, Nate intensified into the seventh hurricane of the season. A day later, the hurricane passed southeast of [[Bermuda]],<ref name="NateTCR">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|date=November 29, 2005|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Nate|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL152005_Nate}}|format=PDF}}</ref> where it produced wind gusts of 50&nbsp;mph (80&nbsp;km/h).<ref>{{cite news|title=Hurricane Nate spares Bermuda, passes well south of island|date=September 8, 2005|agency=Associated Press|access-date=January 5, 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-112955376.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022212734/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-112955376.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 22, 2012}}</ref> Early on September&nbsp;9, Nate attained peak winds of 90&nbsp;mph (150&nbsp;km/h) as it accelerated northeastward ahead of a trough. The same trough created unfavorable conditions, causing Nate to weaken quickly back to tropical storm status. On September&nbsp;10, Nate transitioned into an extratropical storm which was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm near the Azores on September&nbsp;13.<ref name="NateTCR"/> Canadian Navy [[ships]] headed to the U.S. Gulf Coast to help in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina were slowed down trying to avoid Nate and Ophelia.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sun News : 09/11/2005 : Storms delay Katrina-aid ships |url=http://www.myrtlebeachonline.com/mld/myrtlebeachonline/news/nation/12616069.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129124213/http://www.myrtlebeachonline.com/mld/myrtlebeachonline/news/nation/12616069.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 29, 2013 |access-date=December 3, 2005 }}</ref> Rip currents caused by hurricanes Nate and Maria killed one person in New Jersey and severely injured another person.<ref name="nancdc">{{cite web|title=Rip Current Event Report for New Jersey|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|access-date=February 10, 2020|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5474156}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Ophelia=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Hurricane Ophelia 14 sept 2005 1605Z.jpg |Track=Ophelia 2005 track.png |Formed=September 6 |Dissipated=September 17 |1-min winds=75 |Pressure=976 }} {{Main|Hurricane Ophelia (2005)}} The interplay of a [[cold front]] and a trough led to the development of Tropical Depression Sixteen over the northern [[Bahamas]] on September&nbsp;6. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Ophelia on September&nbsp;7 and briefly into a hurricane on September&nbsp;9 while stalled off the east coast of Florida. Ophelia fluctuated between hurricane and tropical storm intensity for the next week as it meandered off the southeastern United States. Twice it attained peak winds of 85&nbsp;mph (140&nbsp;km/h). On September&nbsp;14, the northern [[eye (cyclone)|eyewall]] moved over the North Carolina coast from [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]] to [[Morehead City, North Carolina|Morehead City]]. After moving away from the state, Ophelia weakened to tropical storm status for a fourth and final time due to stronger [[wind shear]] and dry air. The storm accelerated northeastward and passed southeast of [[Cape Cod]]. Ophelia transitioned into an extratropical storm on September&nbsp;18 and subsequently crossed Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, eventually dissipating on September&nbsp;23 north of the Scandinavian Peninsula.<ref name="OpheliaTCR">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven|author2=Hugh D. Cobb III|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ophelia|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|format=PDF|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL162005_Ophelia}}|date=June 14, 2006}}</ref> Ophelia caused significant [[coastal erosion]] from the churning waves. The hurricane caused extensive damage in the [[Outer Banks]] and around [[Cape Fear (headland)|Cape Fear]]. Damage in the United States was estimated at $70&nbsp;million. The storm's remnants produced strong winds and heavy rain over [[Atlantic Canada]]. Ophelia killed three people – a drowning in Florida from high surf, a traffic fatality in North Carolina, and a death from a fall in [[Nova Scotia]].<ref name="OpheliaTCR"/><ref name="ophdea">{{cite news|title=Ophelia Comes Knocking ... and Knocking ... Knocking|date=September 16, 2005|author=Margaret Lillard|agency=Associated Press|access-date=February 17, 2020|url=https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/2005/09-16/68085_ophelia_comes_knocking_____and_k.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218015215/https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/2005/09-16/68085_ophelia_comes_knocking_____and_k.html|archive-date=February 18, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Philippe=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Philippe 2005-09-19 1445Z.jpg |Track=Philippe 2005 track.png |Formed=September 17 |Dissipated=September 23 |1-min winds=70 |Pressure=985 }} On September&nbsp;17, Tropical Depression Seventeen formed from a [[tropical wave]] about 350&nbsp;miles (560&nbsp;km) east of [[Barbados]]. It quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Philippe while taking a track to the north-northwest. Early on September&nbsp;19, Philippe attained hurricane status and reached peak winds of 80&nbsp;mph (130&nbsp;km/h) a day later. Wind shear from an upper-level low caused the hurricane to weaken back to a tropical storm, exposing the center from the convection. On September&nbsp;21, Philippe accelerated to the north and began moving around the upper-level low, which had extended to the surface and developed into a non-tropical cyclone. The storm briefly threatened Bermuda as it turned to the northwest and began a counterclockwise loop. On September&nbsp;23, Philippe weakened to a tropical depression and later a remnant low; it was absorbed by the larger non-tropical cyclone a day later.<ref name="PhilippeTCR">{{cite report|author1=James L. Franklin|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Philippe|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|format=PDF|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL172005_Philippe}}|date=February 9, 2006}}</ref> Philippe brought gusty winds and moisture to Bermuda, with 0.15&nbsp;inches (3.8&nbsp;mm) of precipitation reported on September&nbsp;23. The circulation that absorbed Philippe dropped light rainfall on the island, and was responsible for the lowest barometric pressure during the month.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bermuda Weather Service |year=2005 |title=Weather Summary for September 2005 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2005-09.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706151347/http://www.weather.bm/data/2005-09.html |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> When Philippe formed in September 17, Philippe became the earliest 16th named storm on record until the record was broken by 2020's [[Hurricane Paulette]] by 10 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2020/al17/al172020.discus.001.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Paulette Discussion Number 3|website=www.nhc.noaa.gov|author=David Zelinsky|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|date=September 7, 2020|access-date=September 7, 2020}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Rita=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=File:Rita 2005-09-21 1915Z.jpg |Track=Rita 2005 track.png |Formed=September 18 |Dissipated=September 26 |1-min winds=155 |Pressure=895 }} {{Main|Hurricane Rita}} {{see also|Hurricane Rita tornado outbreak}} In mid-September, the southern extent of a [[stationary front]] devolved into a trough north of the Leeward Islands. A tropical wave interacted with this feature to form a tropical depression near the [[Turks and Caicos Islands]] on September&nbsp;18. It organized into Tropical Storm Rita later that day. Moving to the west-northwest, the storm's intensification attenuated over the Bahamas before resuming thereafter, becoming a hurricane on September&nbsp;20 between Cuba and Florida. [[Rapid deepening|Rapid intensification]] ensued as Rita moved into the Gulf of Mexico. Late on September&nbsp;21, Rita strengthened into a Category&nbsp;5 hurricane, and the next day it attained peak winds of 180&nbsp;mph (285&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="RitaTCR" /> Its minimum pressure of 895&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 26.43&nbsp;inHg) was the lowest of any storm in the Gulf of Mexico on record.<ref name="RitaLCH">{{cite web |title=Hurricane Rita |url=https://www.weather.gov/lch/rita_main |website=Tropical Weather |publisher=National Weather Service Lake Charles, Louisiana |access-date=February 22, 2020 |location=Lake Charles, Louisiana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222164947/https://www.weather.gov/lch/rita_main |archive-date=February 22, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The hurricane weakened as it approached the northwest Gulf Coast. On September&nbsp;24, Rita made landfall near the [[Texas]]–Louisiana border with sustained winds of 115&nbsp;mph (185&nbsp;km/h). It rapidly weakened over land as it turned to the north and northeast, and was later absorbed by an approaching cold front on September&nbsp;26 over [[Illinois]].<ref name="RitaTCR">{{cite report|author1=Richard D. Knabb|author2=Daniel P. Brown|author3=Jamie R. Rhome |date=September 14, 2011|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Rita|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL182005_Rita}}|format=PDF}}</ref> Across the United States, Rita imparted $18.5&nbsp;billion in damage and killed 120&nbsp;people, although only seven deaths were directly related to the hurricane.<ref name="usdam">{{cite report|title=Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 26, 2018|access-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083930/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf|archive-date=January 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="illi">{{cite web|title=Climatology of Tropical Storm/Hurricane Remnants in Central and Southeast Illinois|url=https://www.weather.gov/ilx/tropical_climo|publisher=Central Illinois Weather Forecast Office|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224163049/https://www.weather.gov/ilx/tropical_climo|archive-date=February 24, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RitaTCR" /> Early in its evolution, Rita flooded houses in northern Cuba and the Florida Keys.<ref name="CC1">{{cite web|publisher=Cuba En Cuentro|date=September 22, 2005|access-date=April 20, 2009|title=El huracán Rita afectó a ocho provincias|url=http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/cuba/noticias/el-huracan-rita-afecto-a-ocho-provincias-5211|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708213351/http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/cuba/noticias/el-huracan-rita-afecto-a-ocho-provincias-5211|archive-date=July 8, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RitaTCR"/> Rita's approach to the U.S. Gulf Coast prompted one of the largest [[list of mass evacuations|mass evacuations]] in the country's history, with an estimated 3.7&nbsp;million people fleeing the Texas coast between [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]] and [[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]].<ref name="RitaTCR" /><ref name="EvacuatonPlanningTexas">{{cite report |volume=79 |issue=2 |title=Evacuation Planning in Texas: Before and After Hurricane Rita |url=https://hro.house.texas.gov/interim/int79-2.pdf |website=House Research Organization |publisher=Texas House of Representatives |access-date=February 22, 2020 |location=Austin, Texas |date=February 14, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825055905/https://hro.house.texas.gov/interim/int79-2.pdf |archive-date=August 25, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Due in part to high temperatures preceding Rita's landfall and elderly susceptibility to excessive heat, at least 80&nbsp;people died during the mass evacuation;<ref name="IndirectUSFatalities">{{cite journal |last1=Rappaport |first1=Edward N. |last2=Blanchard |first2=B. Wayne |title=Fatalities in the United States Indirectly Associated with Atlantic Tropical Cyclones |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |date=July 2016 |volume=97 |issue=7 |pages=1139–1148 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00042.1 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |bibcode=2016BAMS...97.1139R |doi-access=free }}</ref> a [[coach (bus)|coach]] fire en route to [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]] claimed 23&nbsp;lives.<ref name="NTSBRitaBus">{{cite report |title=Motorcoach Fire on Interstate 45 During Hurricane Rita Evacuation Near Wilmer, Texas |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAR0701.pdf |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |access-date=February 22, 2020 |location=Washington, D. C. |type=Accident Report |id=NTSB/HAR-07/01 |date=February 21, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430142019/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAR0701.pdf |archive-date=April 30, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rita generated a 15-foot (4.6&nbsp;m) storm surge that devastated parts of [[Cameron Parish, Louisiana|Cameron Parish]] in Louisiana,<ref name="LAHurricanes">{{cite report |last1=Roth |first1=David M. |title=Louisiana Hurricane History |url=https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/lahur.pdf |website=Weather Prediction Center |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=February 22, 2020 |location=Camp Springs, Maryland |date=April 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403164213/https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/lahur.pdf |archive-date=April 3, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> destroying most structures in towns like [[Cameron, Louisiana|Cameron]] and [[Holly Beach, Louisiana|Holly Beach]]. Storm surge also damaged homes in adjoining [[Jefferson County, Texas|Jefferson County]] in Texas. In New Orleans, Rita produced additional flooding and overtopped levees that had been repaired after Hurricane Katrina a month earlier. Impacts from heavy rainfall, gusty winds, and tornadoes associated with Rita affected much of the lower Mississippi River Valley, and over a million electricity customers lost power.<ref name="RitaTCR" /> A third of Cameron Parish's population left the parish following the devastation wrought by Rita.<ref name="SmallerCameron">{{cite news |last1=Gunn |first1=Billy |title=A smaller Cameron Parish emerges 10 years after Hurricane Rita's devastation |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/article_5c3e5bdb-a239-5f8e-8733-2c1e9281be5d.html |access-date=May 21, 2020 |work=The Acadiana Advocate |publisher=The Advocate |date=September 27, 2015 |location=Cameron, Louisiana}}</ref> FEMA granted over $1.3&nbsp;billion to Louisiana to support recovery efforts; $668.8&nbsp;million was allocated in the form of public assistance grants for initial recovery measures, and $523.5&nbsp;million was sent to individuals as part of the agency's [[Individuals and Households program]].<ref name="DR-1603/07-995">{{cite press release|title=Hurricane Rita: Eight Years of Recovery and Federal Aid |url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2013/09/23/hurricane-rita-eight-years-recovery-and-federal-aid |publisher=FEMA |access-date=May 22, 2020 |location=Washington, D.C. |date=January 3, 2018}}</ref> Over $1&nbsp;billion in federal assistance was also disbursed to Texas.<ref name="R6-15-060">{{cite press release|title=Hurricane Rita In Texas: 10 Years Later |url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2015/09/23/hurricane-rita-texas-10-years-later |publisher=FEMA |access-date=May 22, 2020 |location=Denton, Texas|date=January 3, 2018}}</ref> Texas' Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Program aided 1.85&nbsp;million people in addition to supporting longer-term infrastructure repairs.<ref name="GLORita">{{cite web |title=Hurricane Rita |url=https://recovery.texas.gov/action-plans/hurricane-rita/index.html |publisher=The Texas General Land Office |location=Austin, Texas}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Depression Nineteen=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=TD 19 2005-09-30.jpg |Track=19-L 2005 track.png |Formed=September 30 |Dissipated=October 2 |1-min winds=30 |Pressure=1006 }} On September&nbsp;30, a [[tropical wave]] developed into Tropical Depression Nineteen to the west of Cabo Verde. The newly formed cyclone exhibited deep convection in the southern semicircle,<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard D. Knabb|author2=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Depression Nineteen Discussion Number 1|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al192005.discus.001.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 30, 2005|access-date=March 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329095245/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al192005.discus.001.shtml|archive-date=March 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> but its cloud pattern quickly deteriorated under the influence of strong wind shear. The system moved northwestward and failed to intensify beyond winds of 35&nbsp;mph (55&nbsp;km/h), instead dissipating on October&nbsp;2 without affecting land.<ref name="NineteenTCR">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|date=January 1, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Nineteen|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL192005_Nineteen}}|format=PDF}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Stan=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=File:Stan 2005-10-04 1720Z.png |Track=Stan 2005 track.png |Formed=October 1 |Dissipated=October 5 |1-min winds=70 |Pressure=977 }} {{Main|Hurricane Stan}} A tropical wave emerged from Africa on September&nbsp;17 and moved across the central Atlantic, hampered by north-northeasterly wind shear. The disturbance eventually traveled into the western Caribbean Sea, where it organized into a tropical depression southeast of Cozumel around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;1. High pressure directed the cyclone toward the west-northwest, and the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Stan shortly before making landfall along the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Stan briefly weakened to a tropical depression as it crossed over land, but it regained tropical storm strength over the Bay of Campeche on October&nbsp;3, when ridging further intensified and forced the storm west-southwest. Rapid intensification ensued, allowing Stan to become a Category&nbsp;1 hurricane before its second landfall east-southeast of [[Veracruz]] early on October&nbsp;4. Once inland, the system rapidly unraveled over the mountainous terrain of Mexico, dissipating in the state of Oaxaca just after 06:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;5.<ref name="StanTCR"/> Stan killed 80&nbsp;people in Mexico, and damage in the county was estimated at US$1.2&nbsp;billion ($13.2&nbsp;billion MXN).<ref name="StanTCR"/><ref name="mexdam"/> Stan was associated with a larger weather system across eastern Mexico and Central America.<ref name="StanTCR">{{cite report|author1=Richard J. Pasch|author2=David P. Roberts|date=February 14, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Stan|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL202005_Stan}}|format=PDF}}</ref> Torrential rainfall across this region killed 1,513&nbsp;people in Guatemala,<ref name="ochagu">{{cite report|title=One year after Stan, Guatemala needs more assistance|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/one-year-after-stan-guatemala-needs-more-assistance|at=ReliefWeb|date=October 10, 2006|access-date=February 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222023544/https://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/one-year-after-stan-guatemala-needs-more-assistance|archive-date=February 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> making it the deadliest natural disaster in the country's history.<ref>{{cite news|title=At least 500 Dead in Guatemalan Mudslides, Death Toll Expected to Rise|date=October 29, 2005|publisher=VOA|access-date=February 21, 2020|url=https://www.voanews.com/archive/least-500-dead-guatemalan-mudslides-death-toll-expected-rise|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222033001/https://www.voanews.com/archive/least-500-dead-guatemalan-mudslides-death-toll-expected-rise|archive-date=February 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Damage in Guatemala was estimated at US$996&nbsp;million.<ref name="gudam">{{cite report|page=8|url=https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/climate-change-country-profile-2011-guatemala.pdf|title=Vulnerability, Risk Reduction, and Adaptation to Climate Change Guatemala|publisher=Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery|date=April 2011|access-date=March 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222032100/https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/climate-change-country-profile-2011-guatemala.pdf|archive-date=February 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> El Salvador's [[Santa Ana Volcano]] erupted on October&nbsp;1, occurring simultaneous to the flooding.<ref>{{cite report|title=Central America – Hurricane Stan and volcanic eruption|publisher=Baptist World Aid|date=October 11, 2005|access-date=February 21, 2020|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/central-america-hurricane-stan-and-volcanic-eruption|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222032602/https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/central-america-hurricane-stan-and-volcanic-eruption|archive-date=February 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The flooding killed 69&nbsp;people in the country, and damage from the two disasters was estimated at US$355.6&nbsp;million.<ref name="eldam">{{cite report|date=May 3, 2006|title=Humanitarian assistance and rehabilitation for El Salvador and Guatemala – UN SG Report (A/61/78-E/2006/61)|publisher=United Nations General Assembly|at=ReliefWeb|access-date=February 28, 2020|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/humanitarian-assistance-and-rehabilitation-el-salvador-and-guatemala-un-sg-report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228152457/https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/humanitarian-assistance-and-rehabilitation-el-salvador-and-guatemala-un-sg-report|archive-date=February 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="stanel">{{cite report|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/central-america-and-mexico-floods-fact-sheet-3-fiscal-year-fy-2006|title=Central America and Mexico – Floods Fact Sheet #3, Fiscal Year (FY) 2006|date=October 18, 2005|publisher=United States Agency for International Development|access-date=February 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222023844/https://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/central-america-and-mexico-floods-fact-sheet-3-fiscal-year-fy-2006|archive-date=February 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In Honduras, the weather system killed seven people and left US$100&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="hondam">{{cite report|page=172|url=https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/drm-country-note-2010-honduras.pdf|title=Disaster Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: GFDRR Country Notes Honduras|publisher=Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery|year=2010|access-date=February 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228150634/https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/drm-country-note-2010-honduras.pdf|archive-date=February 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> There were also three deaths in Nicaragua and one in Costa Rica.<ref name="stanrc">{{cite report|publisher=American Red Cross|title=American Red Cross int'l response: Hurricane Stan – Mexico, Central America 21 Oct 2005|date=October 21, 2005|at=ReliefWeb|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/american-red-cross-intl-response-hurricane-stan-mexico-central-america-21-oct-2005|access-date=February 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222025216/https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/american-red-cross-intl-response-hurricane-stan-mexico-central-america-21-oct-2005|archive-date=February 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Road damage in Costa Rica from Stan and earlier Hurricane Rita was estimated at US$57&nbsp;million (₡28&nbsp;billion ([[Costa Rican colón|CRC]]).<ref name="crdam">{{cite web|title=Nation is short $51 million to repair roads|publisher=A.M. Costa Rica|date=November 16, 2005|access-date=February 28, 2020|url=http://www.amcostarica.com/111605.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901235339/http://www.amcostarica.com/111605.htm|archive-date=September 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Unnamed subtropical storm=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Type=subtropical |Image=Unnamed SS 2005-10-04 1220Z.jpg |Track=2005 Atlantic subtropical storm 19 track.png |Formed=October 4 |Dissipated=October 5 |1-min winds=45 |Pressure=997 }} {{Main|2005 Azores subtropical storm}} In the post-season analysis, the [[National Hurricane Center]] identified an additional subtropical storm that had gone unclassified during the course of the season. In late September, an upper-level low formed west of the Canary Islands and moved westward, organizing into a subtropical depression early on October&nbsp;4. It quickly intensified into a subtropical storm while curving northeast ahead of an approaching cold front. The storm attained peak winds of 50&nbsp;mph (85&nbsp;km/h) as it moved through the eastern Azores, where [[Santa María Island|Santa Maria Island]] reported sustained winds up to 40&nbsp;mph (60&nbsp;km/h). Early on October&nbsp;5, the storm merged with the cold front; later that day, its remains were absorbed by a non-tropical low. The low that absorbed the storm would eventually become Hurricane Vince.<ref name="unn">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven|author2=Eric S. Blake|date=April 10, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Unnamed Subtropical Storm|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL212005_Unnamed}}|format=PDF}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Tammy=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Tammy 2005-10-05 1625Z.jpg |Track=Tammy 2005 track.png |Formed=October 5 |Dissipated=October 6 |1-min winds=45 |Pressure=1001 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Tammy}} On October&nbsp;5, Tropical Storm Tammy developed east of Florida following the interaction of a tropical wave and an upper-level trough. That day, it strengthened to reach peak winds of 50&nbsp;mph (85&nbsp;km/h) and made landfall near [[Jacksonville, Florida]]. Tammy weakened as it moved inland, crossing southern Georgia and Alabama. It was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on October&nbsp;6. Tammy dropped locally heavy rainfall along its path, causing minor damage.<ref name="TammyTCR">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|date=January 28, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Tammy|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL222005_Tammy}}|format=PDF}}</ref> The frontal system that absorbed Tammy was a partial cause for [[Northeast U.S. flooding of October 2005|severe flooding]] in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]] and [[New England]] that killed 10&nbsp;people in mid-October.<ref name="alnws">{{cite report|url=https://www.weather.gov/aly/MajorFloods|title=Major Floods|publisher=National Weather Service Albany, New York|access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215042513/https://www.weather.gov/aly/MajorFloods|archive-date=February 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="globoct">{{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/200510|title=Global Hazards And Significant Events October 2005|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215042508/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/200510|archive-date=February 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Type=subtropical |Image=SD 22 2005-10-08 1647Z.jpg |Track=22-L 2005 track.png |Formed=October 8 |Dissipated=October 10 |1-min winds=30 |Pressure=1008 }} Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two formed from a non-tropical low 450&nbsp;miles (725&nbsp;km) southeast of Bermuda on October&nbsp;8. The system encountered unfavorable conditions as it turned westward and degenerated into a remnant low on October&nbsp;10, before becoming extratropical on the following day. The NHC continued to monitor the remnant as it headed towards the East Coast of the United States. The extratropical system transported tropical moisture northward,<ref name="TwentytwoTCR">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven|date=January 17, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL232005_Twenty-Two}}|format=PDF}}</ref> and was, along with Tropical Storm Tammy, a partial cause of [[Northeast U.S. flooding of October 2005|severe flooding]] in New York, New Jersey and New England during early-to-mid-October.<ref name="alnws"/> The flooding killed 10&nbsp;people after {{convert|6|to|10|in|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation fell in some locales.<ref name="globoct"/> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Vince=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Vince2005.jpg |Track=Vince 2005 track.png |Formed=October 8 |Dissipated=October 11 |1-min winds=65 |Pressure=988 }} {{Main|Hurricane Vince}} Subtropical Storm Vince formed in the eastern Atlantic near [[Madeira]] on October&nbsp;8 from the same non-tropical low that absorbed the unnamed subtropical storm.<ref name="unn" /> Vince transitioned into a tropical storm on the following day and was upgraded to a hurricane shortly thereafter. Although Vince was a very small and short-lived storm that only briefly reached hurricane strength, it was notable for developing in the northeastern Atlantic, well away from where hurricanes usually form. Vince made landfall on the [[Iberian Peninsula]] near [[Huelva]], Spain, on October&nbsp;11 just after weakening to a tropical depression. Vince was the first tropical cyclone on record to make landfall in Spain.<ref name="VinceTCR">{{cite report|author=James L. Franklin|date=February 22, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Vince|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL242005_Vince}}|format=PDF}}</ref> The storm left minor flooding in some areas.<ref name="Ronda_de_Poniente">{{cite news|author=F. J. Poyato|newspaper=ABC.es|date=February 5, 2008|access-date=February 14, 2020|title=La conexión de la Ronda de Poniente con la red viaria tardará en cerrarse más de un año|language=es|url=http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-02-05-2008/sevilla/Cordoba/la-conexion-de-la-ronda-de-poniente-con-la-red-viaria-tardara-en-cerrarse-mas-de-un-a%C3%B1o_1641838177271.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904213303/http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-02-05-2008/sevilla/Cordoba/la-conexion-de-la-ronda-de-poniente-con-la-red-viaria-tardara-en-cerrarse-mas-de-un-a%C3%B1o_1641838177271.html|archive-date=September 4, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Córdoba_flooding">{{cite news|newspaper=Diario Córdoba|date=October 13, 2005|access-date=February 14, 2020|title=Problemas en varias carreteras de la provincia|language=es|url=http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=210378|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916100506/http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=210378|archive-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Wilma=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Wilma 2005-10-19 0712Z.jpg |Track=Wilma 2005 track.png |Formed=October 15 |Dissipated=October 25 |1-min winds=160 |Pressure=882 }} {{Main|Hurricane Wilma}} {{see also|Meteorological history of Hurricane Wilma|Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Mexico|Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida|Effects of Hurricane Wilma in The Bahamas}} An upper-level low over the southwestern Atlantic helped facilitate the formation of a large, [[monsoon]]-like gyre over the Caribbean Sea in middle October. A series of tropical waves moved into this area of disturbed weather and helped form a low-pressure system that developed into Tropical Depression Twenty-Four southwest of Jamaica on October&nbsp;15. It intensified into Tropical Storm Wilma two days later. Wilma moved slowly through the warm waters of the western Caribbean Sea and began a period of rapid deepening on October&nbsp;18 that lasted into the following day. This culminated in the cyclone attaining Category&nbsp;5 hurricane status, reaching peak winds of 185&nbsp;mph (295&nbsp;km/h) and setting a record for the lowest barometric pressure in an Atlantic hurricane; at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;19, the [[Hurricane Hunters]] recorded a pressure of {{convert|882|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} in the center of the tiny, well-defined eye of Wilma. Wilma weakened to Category&nbsp;4 intensity by the time it made landfall on [[Cozumel]] on October&nbsp;21. It later crossed the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, turning northeast. On October&nbsp;24, Wilma made landfall in southwestern Florida at [[Cape Romano]] with winds of 120&nbsp;mph (190&nbsp;km/h). The hurricane quickly crossed the state and continued across the western Atlantic Ocean. Wilma transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October&nbsp;26, which was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm a day later over Atlantic Canada.<ref name="WilmaTCR">{{cite report|author1=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Eric S. Blake|author3=Hugh D. Cobb III|author4=David P. Roberts|date=September 9, 2014|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Wilma|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL252005_Wilma}}|format=PDF}}</ref> In its formative stages, Wilma's large circulation spread across much of the western Caribbean Sea, killing 12&nbsp;people in Haiti and one in Jamaica.<ref name="WilmaTCR"/> Wilma set a record in Mexico, and for the entire Western Hemisphere, for the highest 24&nbsp;hour rainfall total, with {{convert|1633.98|mm|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} recorded at [[Isla Mujeres]].<ref name="wmo"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Randall Cerveny|author2=Valentina Davydova Belitskaya|author3=Pierre Bessemoulin|author4=Miguel Cortez|author5=Chris Landsea|author6=Thomas C. Peterson|title=A New Western Hemisphere 24-hour Rainfall Record|year=2007|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|url=https://public.wmo.int/en/bulletin/new-western-hemisphere-24-hour-rainfall-record|access-date=April 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506052659/https://public.wmo.int/en/bulletin/new-western-hemisphere-24-hour-rainfall-record|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> There were four deaths in Mexico, and nationwide damage was estimated at US$454&nbsp;million ($4.8&nbsp;billion MXN).<ref name="WilmaTCR"/><ref name="mexdam"/> Local and federal troops quelled looting and rioting in Cancún.<ref name="ocha6">{{cite report|work=U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|at=ReliefWeb|access-date=March 12, 2020|date=October 25, 2005|title=The Caribbean: Hurricane Wilma OCHA Situation Report No. 6|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/cuba/caribbean-hurricane-wilma-ocha-situation-report-no-6}}</ref><ref name="ifrc6">{{cite report|title=Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico: Hurricane Wilma – Information Bulletin n° 4|work=International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies|at=ReliefWeb|date=October 24, 2005|access-date=March 12, 2020|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/cuba/caribbean-central-america-and-mexico-hurricane-wilma-information-bulletin-n-4}}</ref> Cancún's airport was closed to the public in the days after the storm, forcing stranded visitors to fly out of [[Mérida, Yucatán]], the region's closest functioning airport.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sofia Miselem|title=After Wilma Hits Mexico, All Buses Lead To Merida|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=October 24, 2005|access-date=April 18, 2020|url=https://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05zzzzze.html|publisher=Terra Daily}}</ref> On November&nbsp;28, Mexico declared a disaster area for 9 of Quintana Roo's [[municipalities of Quintana Roo|11&nbsp;municipalities]].<ref name="mexdam"/> Mexico's [[Development finance institution|development bank]] – Nacional Financiera – provided financial assistance for businesses affected by Wilma and Stan through a $400&nbsp;million fund (MXN, US$38&nbsp;million).<ref name="elun">{{cite news|title=Wilma: Inicia la reconstrucción mxm (martes)|language=es|publisher=El Universal|date=October 26, 2005|access-date=March 18, 2020|url=https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/312456.html}}</ref> A significant storm surge flooded areas of western Cuba, leaving US$704&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="c05"/> In Florida, Wilma caused $19&nbsp;billion in damage and killed 30&nbsp;people; five of the deaths were caused directly by the hurricane.<ref name="usdam"/><ref name="pbp">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30543605/the-palm-beach-post/|title=30 Deaths in Florida|date=November 6, 2005|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|access-date=February 26, 2020}}</ref><ref name="WilmaTCR" /> Wilma's storm surge caused the worst flooding in the Florida Keys since [[Hurricane Betsy]] in 1965.<ref name="O'Hara">{{cite news|newspaper=The Key West Citizen|title=Flooded cars litter the Keys|date=October 27, 2005|author=Timothy O'Hara|author2=Sara Matthis}}</ref> Wilma inflicted a multi-billion dollar disaster in the Miami metropolitan area, including $2.9&nbsp;billion in damage in Palm Beach County,<ref name="pbcdamage">{{cite news|title=Adding Up Wilma's Fury: $2.9 Billion Countywide – More than 55,000 Homes, 3,600 Businesses Damaged|author1=Luis F. Perez |author2=Angel Streeter |author3=Ushma Patel |date=December 18, 2005|newspaper=Sun-Sentinel|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47054546/south-florida-sun-sentinel/|access-date=March 21, 2020|page=1A|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> $2&nbsp;billion in Miami-Dade County, and $1.2&nbsp;billion in Broward County.<ref name="daniel">{{cite news|title=Year later, Wilma's wrath still visible|date=October 24, 2006|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55565349/the-miami-herald/|newspaper=Miami Herald|author=Trenton Daniel|page=1B|access-date=July 17, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Numerous homes and businesses experienced some degree of impact, with over 55,000&nbsp;dwellings and 3,600&nbsp;workplaces damaged in Palm Beach County alone.<ref name="pbcdamage"/> On October&nbsp;24, 2005, the same day Wilma made landfall in Florida, President [[George W. Bush]] approved a disaster declaration for 13&nbsp;[[List of counties in Florida|Florida counties]]. FEMA expended $342.5&nbsp;million to the 227,321&nbsp;approved applicants. Additionally, public assistance from FEMA totaled over $1.4&nbsp;billion and grants for hazard mitigation projects exceeded $141.5&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2015/10/22/hurricane-wilma-ten-years-later|title=Hurricane Wilma: Ten Years Later|date=October 22, 2015|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|access-date=April 17, 2020}}</ref> After leaving Florida, Wilma killed one person and left US$6.4&nbsp;million in damage to the Bahamas, when it passed northwest of the country.<ref name="WilmaTCR" /><ref name="wmo"/> On Bermuda, Hurricane Wilma produced wind gusts of 51&nbsp;mph (81&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="wmo"/> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Alpha=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Alpha 2005-10-22 1530Z.jpg |Track=Alpha 2005 track.png |Formed=October 22 |Dissipated=October 24 |1-min winds=45 |Pressure=998 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Alpha (2005)}} A tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-Five in the eastern Caribbean on October&nbsp;22. Later that day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Alpha as it moved west-northwestward. Around 10:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;23, Alpha made landfall near [[Barahona (city)|Barahona]], [[Dominican Republic]], with winds of 50&nbsp;mph (85&nbsp;km/h). Alpha weakened to a tropical depression over Hispaniola's steep mountains. The cyclone emerged into the Atlantic Ocean, where it was absorbed by Hurricane Wilma on October&nbsp;24. Alpha was the 22nd named system in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, breaking the [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933]] season's record, and became the first tropical storm to be named using the Greek Alphabet. The storm claimed 26&nbsp;lives, with more than half of them in [[Haiti]].<ref name="AlphaTCR">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|date=January 4, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Alpha|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL262005_Alpha}}|format=PDF}}</ref> Alpha destroyed 43&nbsp;homes and damaged 191&nbsp;others in Haiti.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/haiti-tropical-storm-alpha-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-1|title=Haiti: Tropical Storm Alpha, Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 1|work=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=October 25, 2005|access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215040739/https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/haiti-tropical-storm-alpha-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-1|archive-date=February 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Beta=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Beta 2005-10-30 0655Z.jpg |Track=Beta 2005 track.png |Formed=October 26 |Dissipated=October 31 |1-min winds=100 |Pressure=962 }} {{Main|Hurricane Beta}} Late on October&nbsp;26, the same tropical wave that spawned Tropical Storm Alpha led to the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Six over the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Early the next day, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Beta. The storm strengthened into a hurricane on October&nbsp;29 and reached major hurricane intensity on October&nbsp;30, with sustained winds around 115&nbsp;mph (185&nbsp;km/h). That brought the total number of major hurricanes in the 2005 season to seven, a record breaking achievement. However, Beta weakened to a Category&nbsp;2 prior to landfall in Nicaragua. The storm rapidly weakened inland and dissipated on October&nbsp;31.<ref name="BetaTCR"/> The [[Colombia]]n island of [[San Andrés and Providencia|Providencia]] was subjected to hurricane-force winds for several hours as the center of the storm moved very slowly by the island. Reports indicate extensive damage to homes and a loss of communications with the islanders.<ref name="BetaTCR">{{cite report|author1=Richard J. Pasch |author2=David P. Roberts|date=March 28, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Beta|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL272005_Beta}}|format=PDF}}</ref> In Honduras and Nicaragua, over 1,000&nbsp;structures were damaged by the storm, hundreds of which were destroyed. Overall, Beta caused nine fatalities and more than $15.5&nbsp;million in damage across four countries.<ref name="b1">{{cite web|author=Pérez R. Wilder|newspaper=La Prensa|date=October 28, 2005|access-date=March 5, 2010|title=Beta apunta a Nicaragua|url=http://lp2000.guegue.com/archivo/2005/octubre/28/nacionales/nacionales-20051028-14.html|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711132654/http://lp2000.guegue.com/archivo/2005/octubre/28/nacionales/nacionales-20051028-14.html|archive-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="b2">{{cite news|newspaper=El Siglo De Durango|date=October 29, 2005|access-date=July 15, 2010|title=Perecen dos panameños por la tormenta tropical "Beta"|url=http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/82337.perecen-dos-panamenos-por-la-tormenta-tropica.html|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722223630/https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/82337.perecen-dos-panamenos-por-la-tormenta-tropica.html|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref><ref name="b3">{{cite report|work=Government of Colombia|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=April 10, 2006|access-date=February 14, 2020|title=Colombia: $ 1.409 millones costó recuperación de Providencia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-1409-millones-cost%C3%B3-recuperaci%C3%B3n-de-providencia|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919235030/http://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-1409-millones-cost%C3%B3-recuperaci%C3%B3n-de-providencia|archive-date=September 19, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NN1">{{cite news|author=Hannah GivenWilson|newspaper=Nicaragua News Service|date=November 14, 2005|access-date=December 28, 2008|title=US$2.1&nbsp;million required to repair infrastructure damage from Beta|url=http://www.tulane.edu/~libweb/RESTRICTED/NICANEWS/2005_1108.txt|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060921030145/http://www.tulane.edu/~libweb/RESTRICTED/NICANEWS/2005_1108.txt|archive-date=September 21, 2006}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Gamma=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Gamma 2005-11-19 1515Z.jpg |Track=Gamma 2005 track.png |Formed=November 14 |Dissipated=November 21 |1-min winds=45 |Pressure=1002 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Gamma (2005)}} Late on November&nbsp;13, Tropical Depression Twenty-Seven formed from a tropical wave about {{convert|115|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} west-southwest of [[St. Lucia]].<ref name="GammaTCR"/> While passing through the Lesser Antilles, the heavy rainfall caused mudslides, killing two people on Bequia.<ref name="USAToday_1115"/> The cyclone briefly attained tropical storm status, but wind shear prevented further development of the system, and advisories were discontinued on November&nbsp;16 as it lost its closed circulation about {{convert|305|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} southeast of [[Kingston, Jamaica]]. The remnants of the depression continued westward and moved along the northern shore of Honduras, merging with parts of a larger low pressure system. It is uncertain whether the remnants of Gamma absorbed the low pressure system or vice versa. The storm strengthened and a closed circulation formed on November&nbsp;18, making Gamma a tropical storm for the second time. After regeneration, and after making landfall over northern Honduras, floods from Gamma killed 34&nbsp;people in Honduras. Three people died in Belize related to the storm. Gamma meandered in the Caribbean Sea for a short time, until slowly weakening and eventually disintegrating into a remnant low late on November&nbsp;20.<ref name="GammaTCR"/> The storm caused 39&nbsp;deaths in total.<ref name="GammaTCR">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|date=November 24, 2005|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Gamma|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL282005_Gamma}}|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="USAToday_1115">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=USA Today|date=November 14, 2005|access-date=February 14, 2020|title=Tropical depression kills two in Caribbean|url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/2005-11-14-td-27_x.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126173405/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/2005-11-14-td-27_x.htm|archive-date=November 26, 2005|url-status=live}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Delta=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Ts delta 112405.jpg |Track=Delta 2005 track.png |Formed=November 22 |Dissipated=November 28 |1-min winds=60 |Pressure=980 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Delta (2005)}} Delta originated from a broad and non-tropical low-pressure area that arose 1,380&nbsp;miles (2,220&nbsp;km) southwest of the Azores on November&nbsp;19, initially moving northeast along the trailing fringes of a passing cold front. Convection developed atop the center of the nascent disturbance two days later, and satellite data suggested that it was acquiring thermodynamic characteristics exhibited by tropical cyclones. On November&nbsp;22, the NHC classified the low-pressure system as a subtropical storm with the name ''Delta''. Delta took a south-southwestward course and further coalesced its associated showers, leading to its re-designation as a tropical storm on November&nbsp;23. It stalled 1,320&nbsp;miles (2,130&nbsp;km) west-southwest of the Canary Islands and attained peak winds of 70&nbsp;mph (110&nbsp;km/h) on November&nbsp;24. Delta moved erratically over the next two days and weakened to a low-end tropical storm in response to increasing wind shear. A strengthening trough over western Europe accelerated Delta towards the east-northeast on November&nbsp;27, concurrent with the brief emergence of an eye and a period of intensification. Delta's tropical characteristics later succumbed to wind shear and cold air, resulting in its extratropical transition on November&nbsp;28 while 250&nbsp;miles (400&nbsp;mi) west-northwest of the western Canary Islands; as an extratropical system, Delta tracked east, passing north of the Canary Islands before moving into [[Morocco]] and [[Algeria]] on November&nbsp;29, where it dissipated.<ref name="DeltaTCR" /> Delta caused severe damage in the Canary Islands and claimed at least seven lives, including six who drowned after boats overturned; there were 12&nbsp;people missing from the overturned boat.<ref name="DeltaTCR">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven|date=February 14, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Delta|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL292005_Delta}}|format=PDF}}</ref> [[El Dedo de Dios]], a geological feature which had been pointing towards the sky for over a millennium and an important landmark for the Canary Islands, was toppled during the storm.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/11/29/sociedad/1133264398.html|title=Gran Canaria pierde el 'Dedo de Dios'|date=November 29, 2005|author=José Manuel Bustamante|newspaper=El Mundo|access-date=February 14, 2020|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303010834/https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/11/29/sociedad/1133264398.html|archive-date=March 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Damage throughout the Canary Islands was estimated at [[Euro|€]]312&nbsp;million ($364&nbsp;million 2005 [[US dollars]]).<ref name="deltadam">{{cite news|title=Delta: impact and aftermath|url=http://www.tenerifenews.com/cms/front_content.php?client=1&lang=1&idcat=47&idart=3091|access-date=May 29, 2006|publisher=Tenerife News|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021033/http://www.tenerifenews.com/cms/front_content.php?client=1&lang=1&idcat=47&idart=3091 |archive-date = September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Delta also caused power outages, leaving some 200,000&nbsp;people without power and forcing airports to close down.<ref name="DeltaTCR" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Planet Ark : Canary Islands Struggle to Restore Power After Storm |url=http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33737/story.htm | access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007155311/http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33737/story.htm|archive-date=October 7, 2007}}</ref> The remnants of Delta later moved into Morocco, bringing needed rain.<ref>{{cite news| title= Canary Islands feel the full force of deadly Storm Delta |url=http://www.capetimes.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=272&fArticleId=3016238 |newspaper=Cape Times| access-date=February 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627150325/http://www.capetimes.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=272&fArticleId=3016238|archive-date=June 27, 2006}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Epsilon=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Epsilon 2005-12-05 1545Z.jpg |Track=Epsilon 2005 track.png |Formed=November 29 |Dissipated=December 8 |1-min winds=75 |Pressure=981 }} {{Main|Hurricane Epsilon (2005)}} A surface low attached to a stationary front formed underneath an upper-level low east of Bermuda on November&nbsp;27. The surface low detached from the frontal zone and acquired tropical characteristics as deep convection wrapped around its center, leading to the development of Tropical Storm Epsilon early on November&nbsp;29. The NHC consistently forecast that the storm would weaken; however, Epsilon gradually intensified as it moved westward and later looped to the northeast. The storm attained hurricane status on December&nbsp;2 as the track shifted to the east. Epsilon attained peak winds of 85&nbsp;mph (140&nbsp;km/h) on December&nbsp;5, maintaining its intensity due to low wind shear. A ridge turned Epsilon to the southwest on December&nbsp;6. Epsilon lasted as a hurricane until December&nbsp;7, the most for any Atlantic tropical cyclone in December. Epsilon degenerated into a remnant low on December&nbsp;8; the circulation dissipated two days later.<ref name="EpsilonTCR">{{cite report|author=James L. Franklin|date=January 7, 2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Epsilon|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL302005_Epsilon}}|format=PDF}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Zeta=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl |Image=Tropical Storm Zeta 2005.jpg |Track=Zeta 2005 track.png |Formed=December 30 |Dissipated=January 6 |1-min winds=55 |Pressure=994 }} {{Main|Tropical Storm Zeta (2005)}} Towards the end of December, an upper-level low interacted with a cold front, which produced an area of low-pressure by December&nbsp;28, about {{convert|750|mi|km|round=5|abbr=on}} to the west-northwest of Cabo Verde.<ref name="ZetaTCR">{{cite web|author=Knabb, Richard D|author2=Brown, Daniel P|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Zeta|date=March 17, 2006|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=March 11, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL312005_Zeta}}}}</ref> Over the next couple of days, the system developed a low-level circulation and atmospheric convection increased as it moved north-westwards, before the NHC classified it as Tropical Storm Zeta during December&nbsp;30.<ref name="ZetaTCR"/> As a result, Zeta became the second latest-forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic on record behind [[Hurricane Alice (December 1954)|Alice]] of December&nbsp;1954.<ref name="ZetaTCR"/> Over the next couple of days, the system gradually intensified further in a region of favorable [[anticyclone|anticyclonic]] [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]], as it slowly moved west-northwest in response to a mid-level low to the southwest.<ref name="ZetaTCR"/> During January 1, Zeta became only the second tropical storm on record to exist in two calendar years, while it peaked with 1-minute sustained winds of 65&nbsp;mph (100&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="ZetaTCR"/> It weakened on January&nbsp;2, only to re-intensify to its peak intensity on January&nbsp;3. Zeta weakened again as it turned westward, degenerating into a remnant low on January&nbsp;6; the circulation dissipated on the next day to the southeast of Bermuda.<ref name="ZetaTCR"/> Zeta affected the 2005 [[Atlantic Rowing Race]] by producing high swells that moved boats off course.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nathan Bevan|publisher=Wales Online|date=January 29, 2006|access-date=January 9, 2010|title=Rower in terrifying shark ordeal|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid=16641385&method=full&siteid=50082&headline=rower-in--terrifying-shark-ordeal-name_page.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617211627/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid%3D16641385%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D50082%26headline%3Drower-in--terrifying-shark-ordeal-name_page.html|archive-date=June 17, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> {{clear}} ==Storm names== {{see also|Tropical cyclone naming|History of tropical cyclone naming|List of historical tropical cyclone names|List of retired Atlantic hurricane names}} The list below highlights the names used in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. This was the same list used for the [[1999 Atlantic hurricane season|1999 season]], with the exceptions of ''Franklin'' and ''Lee'', which replaced ''[[Hurricane Floyd|Floyd]]'' and ''[[Hurricane Lenny|Lenny]]''.<ref name="FloydLennyTakenOut">{{cite news |last1=Atwater |first1=Andi |title=Floyd, Lenny taken out of rotation |newspaper=News-Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51121277/|via=Newspapers.com |access-date=May 15, 2020 |agency=The News-Press |date=August 7, 2000 |location=Fort Myers, Florida |page=2B}}</ref><ref name="HurricaneNames">{{cite news |title=Hurricane names |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51121480/|via=Newspapers.com |access-date=May 15, 2020 |work=The Oklahoman |date=May 31, 2005 |location=Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |page=E1}}</ref> The names not retired from this list were used again in the [[2011 Atlantic hurricane season|2011 season]].<ref name="wmo" /><ref name="WhyIsItNamedIrene">{{cite news |last1=Richardson |first1=Chris |title=Hurricane names: Why is it named Hurricane Irene? |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2011/0826/Hurricane-names-Why-is-it-named-Hurricane-Irene |access-date=May 15, 2020 |work=The Christian Science Monitor |publisher=The Christian Science Monitor |date=August 26, 2011}}</ref> The names ''Franklin'', ''Lee'', ''Maria'', ''Nate'', ''Ophelia'', ''Philippe'', ''Rita'', ''Stan'', ''Tammy'', ''Vince'' and ''Wilma'' from the regular list were used for the first (and only, in the cases of ''Rita'', ''Stan'' and ''Wilma'') time this year, as were the auxiliary list [[Greek letter]] names of ''Alpha'', ''Beta'', ''Gamma'', ''Delta'', ''Epsilon'' and ''Zeta''. The 2005 season was the first Atlantic hurricane season to have storm names beginning with 'V' and&nbsp;'W'. Also, when the list of 21&nbsp;storm names pre-approved for the season by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO) was exhausted, 2005 became the first to move into the auxiliary list of names.<ref name="RememberingCatstrophic2005">{{cite news |last1=Rice |first1=Doyle |title=Remembering the catastrophic 2005 hurricane season |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2015/08/24/2005-hurricane-season-katrina/32269245/ |access-date=May 15, 2020 |work=USA Today |date=August 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name="2005HurricaneSeasonRecordsTLH">{{cite report |title=2005 Hurricane Season Records |url=https://www.weather.gov/tae/climate_2005review_hurricanes |publisher=National Weather Service Tallahassee, Florida |access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> {| class:"wikitable" style="bgcolor: white; width:90%" |- | * [[Tropical Storm Arlene (2005)|Arlene]] * [[Tropical Storm Bret (2005)|Bret]] * [[Hurricane Cindy (2005)|Cindy]] * [[Hurricane Dennis (2005)|Dennis]] * [[Hurricane Emily (2005)|Emily]] * Franklin * [[Tropical Storm Gert (2005)|Gert]] | * Harvey * [[Hurricane Irene (2005)|Irene]] * [[Tropical Storm Jose (2005)|Jose]] * [[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]] * Lee * [[Hurricane Maria (2005)|Maria]] * [[Hurricane Nate (2005)|Nate]] | * [[Hurricane Ophelia (2005)|Ophelia]] * Philippe * [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]] * [[Hurricane Stan|Stan]] * [[Tropical Storm Tammy|Tammy]] * [[Hurricane Vince|Vince]] * [[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]] |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center"| '''Auxiliary List''' |- | * [[Tropical Storm Alpha (2005)|Alpha]] * [[Hurricane Beta|Beta]] | * [[Tropical Storm Gamma (2005)|Gamma]] * [[Tropical Storm Delta (2005)|Delta]] | * [[Hurricane Epsilon (2005)|Epsilon]] * [[Tropical Storm Zeta (2005)|Zeta]] |} ===Retirement=== After the season had ended, the WMO's hurricane committee retired five names: ''Dennis'', ''Katrina'', ''Rita'', ''Stan'' and ''Wilma'' and replaced them with ''Don'', ''Katia'', ''Rina'', ''Sean'' and ''Whitney'' for the 2011 season.<ref name="wmo"/> This surpassed the previous record for the number of hurricane names retired after a single season{{snd}}four, held by the [[1955 Atlantic hurricane season|1955]], [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]], [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]] seasons.{{#tag:ref|Subsequently, the [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017 season]] also had four storm names retired.<ref>{{cite news| last=Kier| first=Justin| title=4 deadly 2017 hurricane names retired| date=April 13, 2018| url=https://wach.com/amp/weather/4-deadly-2017-hurricane-names-retired| publisher=[[WACH]]| location=Columbia, South Carolina| access-date=October 11, 2021}}</ref>|group="nb"}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/retirednames.shtml|title=Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954 |date=March 16, 2011|publisher=United States National Hurricane Center|access-date=March 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628193705/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/retirednames.shtml| archive-date=June 28, 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref> There was considerable discussion on the usage of the Greek alphabet. The committee agreed that the usage of the Greek alphabet had a "major important political, economic and social impact globally, which might not have happened if a secondary or circular list of names had been used",<ref name="wmo"/> and that the Greek alphabet would be used again if the traditional naming list was exhausted. It was also decided that it was not practical to retire a Greek letter. Storms named with Greek letters that would otherwise be eligible for retirement would appear in the retired name list, but have a notation affixed with the circumstances.<ref name="wmo"/> However, due to the devastation caused by [[Hurricane Eta|Eta]] and [[Hurricane Iota|Iota]] during the [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020 season]], the next season that the auxiliary Greek alphabet had to be used, the WMO decided to discontinue the entire Greek alphabet to avoid any confusion and replaced it with a new auxiliary list of given names to be used, which will allow the names to be retired.<ref name="bye">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2021-03-17/assumptions-about-hurricane-season-face-winds-of-change|agency=Associated Press|title=Bye Alpha, Eta: Greek alphabet ditched for hurricane names|author=Seth Borenstein|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|date=March 17, 2021|access-date=September 30, 2021}}</ref> ==Season effects== A table of the storms that formed during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season is given below: it includes storm name, duration, peak strength, areas affected, damage, and death total. Damage and deaths include amounts while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low. The death toll includes all indirect deaths, such as traffic accidents or electrocutions. Damage figures are in 2005 USD. {{TC stats table start3|year=2005|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone|Saffir-simpson=yes}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Arlene (2005)|Arlene]]|dates=June 8–13|max-winds=70 (110)|min-press=989|areas=[[Cayman Islands]], [[Cuba]], [[Southeast United States]]|damage=$11.8 million|deaths=1}}<ref name="ArleneTCR"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Bret (2005)|Bret]]|dates=June 28–30|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1002|areas=Central [[Mexico]]|damage=$9.2&nbsp;million|deaths=2}}<ref name="mexdam"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Cindy (2005)|Cindy]]|dates=July 3–7|max-winds=75 (120)|min-press=991|areas=[[Yucatan Peninsula]], Southeastern US, [[East Coast of the United States]]|damage=$320 million|deaths=3}}<ref name="CindyTCR"/><ref name="NCDC1"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Dennis|Dennis]]|dates=July 4–13|max-winds=150 (240)|min-press=930|areas=[[Windward Islands]], [[Greater Antilles]], Southeastern US, [[Great Lakes Region]]|damage=$4.026 billion|deaths=88}}<ref name="IDD"/><ref name="IFRCupdate3"/><ref name="DennisTCR"/><ref name="c05"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat5|name=[[Hurricane Emily (2005)|Emily]]|dates=July 11–21|max-winds=160 (260)|min-press=929|areas=[[Lesser Antilles]], Greater Antilles, [[South America]], Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, [[Texas]]|damage=$1.001 billion|deaths=17}}<ref name="grendam"/><ref name="5EA"/><ref name="EmilyTCR"/><ref name="TerraDaily1"/><ref name="mexdam"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Franklin|dates=July 21–29|max-winds=70 (110)|min-press=997|areas=[[Bahamas]], [[Bermuda]], [[Newfoundland]]|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Gert (2005)|Gert]]|dates=July 23–25|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=1005|areas=Central Mexico|damage=$6 million|deaths=1}}<ref name="damage totals"/><ref name="gertde"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Harvey|dates=August&nbsp;2–8|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=994|areas=Bermuda|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Irene (2005)|Irene]]|dates=August&nbsp;4–18|max-winds=105 (165)|min-press=970|areas=East Coast of the US|damage=None|deaths=1}}<ref name="nyir"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Ten|dates=August&nbsp;13–14|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1008|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Jose (2005)|Jose]]|dates=August&nbsp;22–23|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=998|areas=Central Mexico|damage=$45 million|deaths=16}}<ref name="mexdam"/><ref name="JoseTCR"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat5|name=[[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]]|dates=August&nbsp;23–30|max-winds=175 (280)|min-press=902|areas= Bahamas, [[South Florida]], Cuba, Southeastern US, Eastern US|damage=$125 billion|deaths=1,836}}<ref name="harv">{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|author2=David A. Zelinsky|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=May 9, 2018| title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Harvey|access-date=February 9, 2020|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092017_Harvey}}| format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="KatrinaTCR" /> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Lee|dates=August 28 – September 2|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1006|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=[[Hurricane Maria (2005)|Maria]]|dates=September 1–10|max-winds=115 (185)|min-press=962|areas=[[Iceland]], [[Scotland]]|damage=$3.1 million|deaths=3}}<ref name="MariaTCR"/><ref name="marno"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Nate (2005)|Nate]]|dates=September 5–10|max-winds=90 (150)|min-press=979|areas=Bermuda, [[Azores]]|damage=None|deaths=1}}<ref name="nancdc"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Ophelia (2005)|Ophelia]]|dates=September 6–17|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=976|areas=Bahamas, [[Florida]], [[The Carolinas]], East Coast of the US, [[Atlantic Canada]], [[Europe]]|damage=$70 million|deaths=3}}<ref name="OpheliaTCR"/><ref name="ophdea"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Philippe|dates=September 17–23|max-winds=80 (130)|min-press=985|areas=Bermuda|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat5|name=[[Hurricane Rita|Rita]]|dates=September 18–26|max-winds=180 (285)|min-press=895|areas=[[Hispaniola]], Bahamas, Cuba, Florida, [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], [[Midwestern United States]]|damage=$18.5 billion|deaths=120}}<ref name="usdam"/><ref name="illi"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Nineteen|dates=September 30 – October 2|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1006|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Stan|Stan]]|dates=October 1–5|max-winds=80 (130)|min-press=977|areas=[[Central America]], Mexico|damage=$2.708 billion{{#tag:ref|The damage total in El Salvador included impacts from a simultaneous volcano eruption.<ref name="eldam"/>|group="nb"}}|deaths=1,669}}<ref name="StanTCR"/><ref name="mexdam"/><ref name="ochagu"/><ref name="gudam"/><ref name="stanel"/><ref name="eldam"/><ref name="stanrc"/><ref name="hondam"/><ref name="crdam"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=sstorm|name=[[2005 Azores subtropical storm|Unnamed]]|dates=October&nbsp;4–5|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=997|areas=Azores|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Tammy (2005)|Tammy]]|dates=October&nbsp;5–6|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1001|areas=Bahamas, Southeastern US|damage=Minor|deaths=10}}<ref name="alnws"/><ref name="globoct"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=sdepression|name=Twenty-Two|dates=October 8–10|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1008|areas=Bermuda, [[New England]]|damage=Minimal|deaths={{#tag:ref|The remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy and Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two contributed to flooding over the northeastern United States that killed 10&nbsp;people.<ref name="globoct"/>|group="nb"}}}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Vince (2005)|Vince]]|dates=October 8–11|max-winds=75 (120)|min-press=988|areas=[[Portugal]], [[Spain]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat5|name=[[Hurricane Wilma|Wilma]]|dates=October&nbsp;15–26|max-winds=185 (295)|min-press=882|areas= Bahamas, [[Jamaica]], Central America, Yucatan Peninsula, Cuba, South Florida, Bahamas, Atlantic Canada|damage=$20.2 billion|deaths=48}}<ref name="WilmaTCR"/><ref name="mexdam"/><ref name="c05"/><ref name="pbp"/><ref name="usdam"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Alpha (2005)|Alpha]]|dates=October&nbsp;22–24|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=998|areas=Hispaniola, Bahamas|damage=Unknown|deaths=26}}<ref name="AlphaTCR"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=[[Hurricane Beta|Beta]]|dates=October 26–31|max-winds=115 (185)|min-press=962|areas=Central America, [[Colombia]]|damage=$15.5 million|deaths=9}}<ref name="NN1"/><ref name="Roads"/><ref name="b1"/><ref name="b2"/><ref name="b3"/><ref name="b4"/><ref name="b5"/><ref name="b6"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Gamma (2005)|Gamma]]|dates=November&nbsp;14–21|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1002|areas=Lesser Antilles, Central America|damage=$18 million|deaths=39}}<ref name="USAToday_1115"/><ref name="GammaTCR"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Delta (2005)|Delta]]|dates=November&nbsp;22–28|max-winds=70 (110)|min-press=980|areas=[[Canary Islands]], [[North Africa]]|damage=$364 million|deaths=19}}<ref name="DeltaTCR"/><ref name="deltadam"/> {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Epsilon (2005)|Epsilon]]|dates=November 29 – December 8|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=981|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Zeta (2005)|Zeta]]|dates=December 30 – January 6|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=994|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} {{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=31|dates=June 8, 2005 – January 6, 2006|max-winds=185 (295)|min-press=882|tot-areas=|tot-damage=$172.297 billion|tot-deaths=3,912}} ==See also== {{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} * [[Tropical cyclones in 2005]] * [[List of Atlantic hurricanes]] * [[Atlantic hurricane season]] * [[2005 Pacific hurricane season]] * [[2005 Pacific typhoon season]] * [[2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]] * South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2004–05]], [[2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2005–06]] * Australian region cyclone seasons: [[2004–05 Australian region cyclone season|2004–05]], [[2005–06 Australian region cyclone season|2005–06]] * South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[2004–05 South Pacific cyclone season|2004–05]], [[2005–06 South Pacific cyclone season|2005–06]] * [[Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone]] ==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}} ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Further reading== * {{cite journal |author=Benjamin P. Horton|author2=Veronica Rossi|author3=Andrea D. Hawkes|year=2009 |title=The sedimentary record of the 2005 hurricane season from the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines |journal=Quaternary International |volume=195 |issue=1–2 |pages=15–30 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.004 |bibcode = 2009QuInt.195...15H }} ==External links== {{Wikinews category|Hurricane season, 2005}} {{Commons}} * [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/tws/MIATWSAT_nov.shtml NHC preliminary summary of 2005 wind speeds and deaths] * [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/ National Hurricane Center's 2005 Archive] * [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/tropstorms.shtml Weather Prediction Center's 2005 Advisory Archive] * [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/2005.html U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2005] * [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html U.S. National Climatic Data Center&nbsp;– Atlantic Basin 2005 Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201033336/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html |date=December 1, 2005 }} * [http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003300/a003354/index.html 27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta (SVS Animation 3354)]&nbsp;– animation of all the tropical storms of the season, omitting the unnamed subtropical storm ([[NASA]]/[[Goddard Space Flight Center]] Scientific Visualization Studio) {{Highest ACE Atlantic hurricane seasons navbox}} {{2005 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}} {{TC Decades|Year=2000|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}} {{Featured article}} {{DEFAULTSORT:2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season}} [[Category:2005 Atlantic hurricane season| ]] [[Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons]] [[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2005|2005 Atl]]'