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[ 0 => '{{For|the hypothetical scenario of dissolution of Russia|Dissolution of Russia}}[[File:Logo of the Free Nations of Russia Forum.svg|thumb|Free Nations of Russia, the biggest forum of separatists in Russia]]', 1 => ''''[[Separatism]] in Russia''' refers to bids for [[secession]] or [[autonomy]] for certain areas of the [[Russian Federation]].', 2 => '', 3 => '== Major movements ==', 4 => 'Many separatist movements in Russia have existed before the collapse of the Soviet Union and have some support from the local elites and people. Some have risen to relevance after the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].', 5 => '', 6 => '=== Northwestern Federal District ===', 7 => 'The main groups pushing for autonomy and separatism within the [[Northwestern Federal District]] are Finno-Ugric peoples but other civic nationalist movements are also prominent in the region. The movements are mainly located in the [[Kaliningrad Oblast|Kaliningrad]], [[Leningrad Oblast|Leningrad]] and [[Arkhangelsk Oblast|Arkhangelsk]] Oblasts as well as [[Republic of Karelia|Karelian]] and [[Komi Republic|Komi]] Republics.', 8 => '', 9 => '{{flagicon image|Flag baltic republican party.jpg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flagge Koenigsberg.jpg}} The '''Baltic Republic'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=protected |first=email |date=2017-08-02 |title=Kaliningrad Separatism Again on the Rise |url=https://jamestown.org/kaliningrad-separatism-again-on-the-rise/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Jamestown |language=en-US}}</ref> (or '''Land of [[Baltic amber|Amber]]'''/'''[[Yantarny, Kaliningrad Oblast|Yantarny]] Krai''')<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Янтарный край – Балтийская Республика или заложник кремлевской империи? |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=https://region.expert/baltic_republic/ |access-date=2023-01-02}}</ref> is a proposed state within the borders of [[Kaliningrad Oblast]]. The idea was mainly supported by the [[Baltic Republican Party]] which was dissolved in 2005. Currently, the idea is supported by Kaliningrad Public Movement, which is represented on the [[Free Nations of Russia Forum]], and the Respublika movement<ref>{{Cite news |title=БРП: история с продолжением |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=https://region.expert/brp-2/ |access-date=2023-01-02}}</ref>. Baltic separatists support [[decommunization]] and use of [[German exonyms (Kaliningrad Oblast)|German city names]].<ref name=":0" />', 10 => '', 11 => 'In 2022, the [[Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast]] said that there was an attempt to create a “German autonomy” by western agents to destabilize the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Патрушев заявил о попытках создания в Калининграде «немецкой автономии» |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/21/06/2022/62b1a1879a7947af778982fe |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=РБК |language=ru}}</ref>', 12 => '', 13 => '[[File:Nemtsov memorial meeting.2019-02-24.St.Petersburg.IMG 3596.jpg|thumb|Ingrian separatists during 2019 [[Boris Nemtsov#Memorial rallies|Nemtsov]] memorial meeting]]', 14 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Ingermanland.svg}} '''[[Ingermanland]]''' or '''Ingria''' is a proposed state within the borders of [[Leningrad Oblast]] and the city of [[Saint Petersburg]]. Ingrian separatism began in 1996 with the creation of the Movement for Autonomy of Petersburg and the Independent Petersburg movement.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Что такое Ингерманландия и чего хотят ее сторонники? Краткая история одной идеи из 1990-х годов |url=https://meduza.io/feature/2016/06/02/chto-takoe-ingermanlandiya-i-chego-hotyat-ee-storonniki |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Meduza |language=ru}}</ref> Currently, the idea is supported by the “Free Ingria” movement which is represented in the Free Nations of Russia Forum.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Политики и эксперты обсудят в польском Гданьске независимость Карелии, Ингрии, Кёнигсберга и других регионов России |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32042644.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}</ref> The main supporters of Ingermanland are [[Russians]] unhappy with the centralization or those who “like the aesthetics”.<ref name=":1" /> [[Ingrian Finns|Ethnic Finns]] have unsuccessfully requested the movement to stop using their ethnic flag.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Взятышева |first=Виктория |last2=Кудрявцева |first2=Анастасия |date=2017-12-28 |title=Почему нельзя путать ингерманландских финнов и «Свободную Ингрию»? |url=https://paperpaper.ru/ingria-independent/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=«Бумага» |language=ru-RU}}</ref>', 15 => '', 16 => 'In 2022 Russian rapper [[Oxxxymiron]] mentioned Ingria in his anti-war song [[Oyda (song)|Oyda]] in which he says “Ingria will be free”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian ’Internet safety’ advocacy group denounces rapper Oxxxymiron for lyrics allegedly calling for St. Petersburg’s secession |url=https://meduza.io/en/news/2022/10/26/russian-internet-safety-advocate-denounces-rapper-oxxxymiron-for-lyrics-allegedly-calling-for-st-petersburg-s-secession |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Meduza |language=en}}</ref>', 17 => '', 18 => '{{flagicon image|Karelian National Flag.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the White Sea Karelia.svg}} '''[[Karelians|Karelian]] separatism''' dates all the way back to the early 1900s, with the creation of the [[:ru:Союз_беломорских_карел|Union of White Sea Karelians]] and [[Republic of Uhtua|Uhtua Republic]]. The idea saw revival in the 90s and early 2000s due to [[Languages of Russia##Official_languages|unofficial status of the Karelian language]] in [[Republic of Karelia|Karelia]] and [[Economic history of the Russian Federation#1991–1992|the economic collapse]]. The main Karelian separatist organization in the 2010s was the [[Republican Movement of Karelia]] which was legally dissolved in 2019, although its founder, [[:ru:Штепа,_Вадим_Владимирович|Vadim Shtepa]], claims the organization is still active.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vadim Shtepa |url=https://t.me/vadimshtepa/1117 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Telegram}}</ref> Vadim Shtepa also claims that during and before the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] there was a [[popular front]] in Karelia similar to the [[Popular Front of Estonia|Popular Fronts of Estonia]], [[Popular Front of Latvia|Latvia]] and [[Sąjūdis|Lithuania]], but no other source seems to back that claim.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vadim Štepa: Eesti ja Karjala, iseseisvus ja ike |url=https://epl.delfi.ee/a/77359756 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Eesti Päevaleht |language=et}}</ref> In 2015, a trial began against Vladimir Zavarkin, a deputy of the city council of [[Suoyarvi|Suojärvi]], who was accused of supporting separatism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Когда развалится Россия: Воссоединятся ли братские Финляндия и Карелия – Последние новости мира. Главные мировые новости на портале «Depo.ua» |url=https://www.depo.ua/rus/svit/koli-rozvalitsya-rosiya-chi-vozz-ednayutsya-bratni-finlyandiya-27022016200000 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.depo.ua |language=ru}}</ref>', 19 => '', 20 => 'The idea of Karelian separatism is currently supported by the Republican Movement of Karelia and the “Stop the occupation of Karelia” movement, which is represented on the Free Nations of Russia Forum.<ref name=":2" /> The main difference between the movements lies in their treatment towards ethnic Russians and other non-[[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric peoples]]. The Republican Movement of Karelia supported the idea of a multiethnic state based on [[civic nationalism]] while Stop the Occupation of Karelia opposes Russians involving themselves in Karelian separatist movements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KARJALA-КАРЕЛИЯ |url=https://t.me/karjala474/94 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Telegram}}</ref>', 21 => '', 22 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Komi.svg}}{{flagicon image|Komi flag.png}} '''[[Komi peoples|Komi]] separatism''' primarily focuses on preservation of Komi culture and [[Komi language|language]] and local ecology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Это земля наших предков — они стоят и смотрят на нас Антимусорные протесты на станции Шиес привели к подъему националистов в республике Коми. Они недовольны «колониальной политикой» |url=https://meduza.io/feature/2019/12/12/eto-zemlya-nashih-predkov-oni-stoyat-i-smotryat-na-nas |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Meduza |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Чемашкин |first=Андрей |last2=Шихвердиев |first2=Ариф |date=February 2022 |title=Индигенный сепаратизм в Арктической зоне России как фактор риска национальной безопасности |url=http://www.riatr.ru/2022/2/Russia_and_ATR_2022-2_030-049.pdf |journal=Россия и АТР |language=Russian |issue=2 |pages=31-32}}</ref> Many cultural and language movements, such as Doryam asymös, have been labeled separatist by authorities<ref>{{Cite web |title="Опасная" приграничность |url=https://www.severreal.org/a/30152787.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Север.Реалии |language=ru}}</ref> and some of the members were even arrested.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Защитить себя родным языком: Активист из Республики Коми отказался от суда на русском |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/31105295.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}</ref> Komi separatists are represented on the Free Nations of Russia Forum.<ref name=":2" />', 23 => '', 24 => '[[File:Флаг общественной кампании на станции Шиес.jpg|thumb|Flag saying: "Pomorie is not a garbage dump" during [[:ru:Протесты_в_Шиесе|2018-2020 Shies protests]] ]]', 25 => '{{flagicon image|Pomor Republic flag.png}} '''Pomorie''' is a [[proposed state]] within the borders of [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]],<ref name=":3" /> some movements also include [[Murmansk Oblast]] and [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] as part of a proposed state. Pomor Institute of Native Peoples supported the idea of a Pomor Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=TV Rain |date=2012-11-22 |title=Поморский сепаратизм засудят в зародыше |url=https://tvrain.tv/teleshow/here_and_now/pomorskij_separatizm_zasudjat_v_zarodyshe-333233/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=tvrain.tv}}</ref> The name comes from the [[Pomors|Pomor people]], who historically inhabited the [[White Sea]] coast and Arkhangelsk Oblast. Most Pomor separatists focus on preservation of local culture and the ecological situation in the region.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2012-06-11 |title="Мы на своей земле не хозяева" |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1947315 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Поморье не… Поморье? |url=https://www.severreal.org/a/30227920.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Север.Реалии |language=ru}}</ref> Many Pomor cultural movements have been labeled as separatist for “disuniting Russian culture”.<ref name=":4" /> The former [[List of governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast|Governor of Arkhangelsk Oblast]] [[Anatoly Yefremov]] considered himself a Pomor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=СРЕДИ ГУБЕРНАТОРОВ ПОЯВИЛСЯ НАСТОЯЩИЙ ПОМОР |url=http://businesspress.ru/newspaper/article_mId_43_aId_129968.html |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=businesspress.ru}}</ref>', 26 => '', 27 => '=== Southern Federal District. ===', 28 => 'Separatism in the [[Southern Federal District]] is primarily ethnic but some civic nationalist movements are also active. The movements are mainly located in [[Astrakhan Oblast]], [[Crimea]], [[Krasnodar Krai]] and [[Kalmykia]]. Some political commentators believe that separatism in that region is founded by [[Ukraine]]<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />. ', 29 => '', 30 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Astrakhan Oblast.svg}}{{flagicon image|Nogai flag.svg}} '''[[Astrakhan Oblast|Astrakhan]] separatism''' may refer to the idea of uniting with [[Kalmykia]] as an independent state or a creation of an independent Astrakhan Republic<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Калмыцкое государство, Ногайская республика или "Поволжский Евросоюз"? |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32130107.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}</ref> or [[Nogais|Nogai]] Republic<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=Жителю Астраханской области дали 1,5 года условно за публичные призывы к сепаратизму |url=https://memohrc.org/ru/news_old/zhitelyu-astrahanskoy-oblasti-dali-15-goda-uslovno-za-publichnye-prizyvy-k-separatizmu |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Правозащитный центр «Мемориал»}}</ref>. Much of the territory of modern-day [[Astrakhan Oblast]] used to belong to the [[Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Kalmyk ASSR]] until the [[Deportation of the Kalmyks|deportation of Kalmyk people]]. Currently those former territories, and the entire Oblast in some cases, are claimed by most Kalmyk separatist movements.<ref name=":5" /> Other ethnic minorities, such as [[Kazakhs]], [[Tatars]] and [[Nogais]], and [[Russians]] suggested creating an Independent multinational republic.<ref name=":5" />', 31 => '', 32 => 'The biggest separatist movements are Free Nogai El and the [[Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress]], which is represented on the Free Nations of Russia Forum<ref name=":2" />.', 33 => '[[File:2016 Memorial day of Deportation of the Crimean Tatars in Kyiv 06.jpg|thumb|2016 Memorial day of [[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars]] in [[Kyiv]]]]', 34 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Crimea.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg}} '''[[Crimea|Crimean]] separatism''' refers to the idea of uniting with [[Ukraine]] as an [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea|autonomous republic]]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Crimean Tatar autonomy: Mejlis urges to introduce bills to Parliament |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/2822778-crimean-tatar-autonomy-mejlis-urges-to-introduce-bills-to-parliament.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.ukrinform.net |language=en}}</ref>. The vast majority of Crimean separatists are [[Crimean Tatars]] and [[Ukrainians]], who are unhappy with the treatment of their local culture and language by the federal government<ref>{{Cite news |title=ФСБ обвинила крымского журналиста Семену в призыве к сепаратизму |language=ru |work=BBC News Русская служба |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-38248137 |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-10 |title=Как в Крыму пытаются запретить меджлис крымских татар |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/international/2016/03/160309_crimea_dzhelyalov_interview |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=BBC News Русская служба |language=ru}}</ref>. [[Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People|Mejlis of the Crimean Tatars]] was banned in 2016 for not recognizing the [[Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)|Russian annexation]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Новости |first=Р. И. А. |date=26 April 2016 |title=В России запретили меджлис крымских татар |url=https://ria.ru/20160426/1420428908.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=РИА Новости |language=ru}}</ref>.', 35 => '', 36 => 'After the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine there have been reports of Crimean anti-government militias<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-11 |title="Бавовна" в Крыму: партизаны взяли ответственность за поджог казарм ВС РФ |url=https://focus.ua/voennye-novosti/540444-partizany-vzyali-na-sebya-otvetstvennost-za-podzhog-kazarm-v-okkupirovannom-krymu |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=ФОКУС |language=ru}}</ref>.', 37 => '', 38 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Kalmykia.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Kalmykia (1992).svg}} '''[[Kalmyks|Kalmyk]] separatism''' seeks the creation of an independent Kalmyk state and unification with Astrakhan Oblast<ref name=":5" />. The biggest movement is the [[Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress]], which is represented on the Free Nations of Russia Forum<ref name=":2" />. Promotion of Kalmyk culture has been viewed as separatism by central authorities<ref>{{Cite web |title="Если бы существовал рейтинг регионов по демократичности, Калмыкия заняла бы одно из последних мест" |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/31888751.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}</ref>. ', 39 => '', 40 => 'In 2022 Shajin Lama (the [[Spiritual Leader|spiritual leader]] of Kalmyk [[Buddhism|Buddhists]]) of Kalmykia denounced the Russian invasion of Ukraine<ref>{{Cite web |last=Узел |first=Кавказский |title=Пацифистское заявление верховного ламы Калмыкии вызвало дискуссии в соцсетях |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.org/articles/381722/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Кавказский Узел}}</ref>. ', 41 => '', 42 => '{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Kuban_People%27s_Republic.svg}} '''[[Kuban]] separatism''' or '''[[Kuban Cossacks|Kuban Cossack]] separatism''' originates during the [[Russian Civil War]] with the proclamation of [[Kuban People's Republic|Kuban People’s Republic]]. The idea saw revival in the 90s and early 2000s due to revitalization of the [[Cossacks|Cossack culture]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Как власти Краснодарского края поддерживают казачий сепаратизм |url=https://rossaprimavera.ru/article/f4f6dd65 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Красная весна |language=ru}}</ref>. The majority of Kuban separatist identify as Cossack, and, due to subsidization of many Cossack cultural movements, more and more people in Kuban identify as Cossack<ref>{{Cite web |title=РОИ :: Определить роль кубанского казачества и пресечь сепаратизм через попытки спекуляции фактами |url=https://www.roi.ru/42844/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.roi.ru}}</ref>. In 2017 Kuban Liberation Movement proclaimed independence of Kuban People’s Republic, but the stunt received no recognition<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-30 |title=В России провозгласили Кубанскую народную республику |url=https://politua.org/politika/34826-v-rossii-provozglasili-kubanskuju-nar/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=POLITua |language=ru-RU}}</ref>. Some Russian political commentators believe that Kuban separatism is being founded and supported by [[Ukraine]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Истоки сепаратизма на Кубани: украинский национализм и пример Татарстана |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2015/12/24/istoki-separatizma-na-kubani-ukrainskiy-nacionalizm-i-primer-tatarstana |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=EADaily |language=ru}}</ref>.', 43 => '', 44 => '=== North Caucasian Federal District ===', 45 => 'Separatism in [[North Caucasian Federal District]] is primarily ethnic. Almost all of the republics have an active separatist movement. The movements have large support among diaspora<ref name=":9" />.', 46 => '', 47 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Caucasian Emirate.svg}} [[Caucasus Emirate|'''Caucasus Emirate''']] was a [[Islamic extremism|radical movement]] to create an Islamic state on the territory of [[North Caucasian Federal District]] and [[Stavropol Krai]]. The group was active from 2007 to 2015, when most of the remaining forces joined in with the [[Islamic State]].', 48 => '[[File:Митинг в Страсбурге в память депортации чеченцев и ингушей (1).jpg|thumb|Protest in [[Strasbourg]] in memory of the [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush|deportation of Chechens and Ingush]]]]', 49 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (with Coat of Arms).svg', 50 => '}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg', 51 => '}} '''[[Chechen–Russian conflict|Chechen separatism]]''' dates all the way back to the 1800s and the [[Caucasian War|Caucasus war]]. Modern Chechen separatism began with the declaration of independence of the [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]]. After two wars Chechnya was reincorporated into the Russian Federation. After the war an [[Insurgency in the North Caucasus|insurgency movement]] to restore Chechen independence was started.', 52 => '', 53 => 'The government of Ichkeria is currently in exile<ref>{{Cite web |last=UaPosition |date=2022-11-28 |title=Ichkeria recognized the Holodomor as genocide of the Ukrainian people |url=https://uaposition.com/latest-news/ichkeria-recognized-the-holodomor-as-genocide-of-the-ukrainian-people/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Uaposition |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ichkeria was recognized as “temporarily occupied” by [[Verkhovna Rada|Ukranian parliament]] in 2022<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2022-10-18 |title=Ukraine lawmakers brand Chechnya 'Russian-occupied' in dig at Kremlin |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-lawmakers-brand-chechnya-russian-occupied-dig-kremlin-2022-10-18/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref>. Currently there are [[Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion|Chechen volunteers]] fighting for the Ukrainian army with the goal to restore independence. Other Chechen separatist movements, such as [[Adat People's Movement]], operate independently from Ichkerian government.', 54 => '', 55 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of the Confederation of Caucasian Mountain People.svg', 56 => '}}{{flagicon image|Конфедерация народов Кавказа.png', 57 => '}} The [[Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus|'''Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus''']] (or '''Confederation of Peoples of the Caucasus''')<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Мацаберидзе |first=Давид |date=2012 |title=РОЛЬ КОНФЕДЕРАЦИИ ГОРСКИХ НАРОДОВ В КОНФЛИКТЕ ВОКРУГ АБХАЗИИ |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rol-konfederatsii-gorskih-narodov-kavkaza-v-konflikte-vokrug-abhazii/viewer |journal=Кавказ и Глобализация |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=44-54}}</ref> is a proposed state within the borders of Russia’s Caucasian republics, [[South Ossetia]] and [[Abkhazia]]. The symbols used by the separatists are based on symbols of [[Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus|The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus]]. The main movement of the separatists is the Confederation of Peoples of the Caucasus, a paramilitary organization that fought in [[Chechen War|Chechnya]], [[War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)|Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia War|South Ossetia]]. The organization became inactive after its leader, Yusup Soslambekov, was assassinated in 2002.', 58 => '[[File:Çerkez sürgününün anılması 5.jpg|thumb|[[Circassian diaspora]] protest]]', 59 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Adygea.svg}} '''[[Circassia]]''' is proposed state that covers the land which was historically inhabited by [[Circassians|Circassian people]], such as [[Adygea|Adygeya]] (Part of [[Southern Federal District]]), north [[Kabardino-Balkaria]], north [[Karachay–Cherkessia|Karachay]][[Kabardino-Balkaria|-]]Cherkessia, south-east [[Krasnodar Krai]], and south [[Stavropol Krai]]. The independence of Circassia has some support in the republics, but most of the support comes from the [[Circassian diaspora]] and [[International Circassian Association]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Circassia |url=https://unpo.org/members/20855 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=unpo.org}}</ref> After the [[Russo-Georgian War|independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia]] the separatism in Circassian regions started to grow<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Бацилла сепаратизма |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/comments/2008/11/26_x_2895444.shtml |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Газета.Ru |language=ru}}</ref>.', 60 => '', 61 => '[[Circassian nationalism|Circassian nationalists]] protested the [[2014 Winter Olympics|2014 Sochi Olympiad]] due to the fact that [[Sochi]] used to be a Circassian city before the [[Circassian genocide]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Наш народ военный Россия так и не стала центром «черкесского мира» |url=https://lenta.ru/articles/2013/12/17/circassian/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Lenta.RU |language=ru}}</ref>', 62 => '', 63 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Dagestan.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Dagestan protesters (2022).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Dagestan (anti-mobilization).svg}} '''[[Dagestan]] separatism'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Националисты раскачивают Дагестан: Хамзаев призвал пресечь сепаратизм |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2022/10/26/nacionalisty-raskachivayut-dagestan-hamzaev-prizval-presech-separatizm |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=EADaily |language=ru}}</ref> can refer to the idea of an independent united Dagestan or disunited independent states, such as [[Aghul people|Aghulistan]], [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avaria]], [[Lezgistan]], [[Dargins|Darginstan]], [[Lakia|Lakistan]], [[Rutul people|Rutulstan]] and [[Tabasaran people|Tabarasanstan]]. Proponents of a united Dagestan want to create a multiethnic state<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=1993-09-09 |title=Рост сепаратизма на Северном Кавказе |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/58931 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru}}</ref>. Some of the local separatist movements have been represented in the [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization|UNPO]].', 64 => '', 65 => 'In 1999 the [[Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade]] [[War of Dagestan|invaded the Republic]] with an intent to create an islamic state.', 66 => '', 67 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Ingushetia.svg}}{{flagicon image|Wahhabist Ingushetia flag.svg}} '''[[Ingush people|Ingush]] separatism''' has been growing after the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|collapse of the Soviet Union]] due to the fact that the borders between [[Chechnya]], [[East Prigorodny conflict|Alania and Ingushetia have not been decided upon]]<ref name=":8" />. Some separatists suggested that Ingushetia should unite with [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Суд освободил от уголовной ответственности экс-редактора «Фортанги» по делу о призывах к сепаратизму |url=https://ovd.news/express-news/2021/01/19/sud-osvobodil-ot-ugolovnoy-otvetstvennosti-eks-redaktora-fortangi-po-delu-o |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=ОВД-News |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Узел |first=Кавказский |title=Провокация сепаратизмом |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/blogs/342/posts/38113 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Кавказский Узел}}</ref>.', 68 => '', 69 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of North Ossetia.svg}} [[North Ossetia–Alania|'''Alanian''']] (or [[Ossetians|'''Ossetian''']]) '''separatism''' refers to the movement to create an independent united Ossetian nation by uniting with [[South Ossetia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Почему все больше осетин не хотят быть россиянами |url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/459481.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Радио Свобода |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":8" />.', 70 => '', 71 => '=== Volga Federal District ===', 72 => 'Separatism in [[Volga Federal District]] is primarily ethnic. All the republics have an active separatist movement. ', 73 => '', 74 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Bashkortostan(Better ratio).png}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bashkortostan(1918).png}} Modern '''[[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] separatism''' began in the 90s and was influenced by [[Tatarstan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Сепаратизм в Татарии и Башкирии {{!}} Намедни-1992 |url=https://namednibook.ru/separatizm-v-tatarii-i-bashkirii.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=namednibook.ru |language=ru}}</ref>. Just like most other movements, Bashkir separatism continued to grow in the early 2000s and even got some support from the local government<ref>{{Cite web |title=Уфа продолжает политику "тихого сепаратизма" |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/29/08/2002/5703b4f09a7947783a5a3f66 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=РБК |language=ru}}</ref>. In 2020, separatists joined the protests against the occupation of [[Kushtau|Kushtau mountain]]<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |title=Башкорты и башкирцы |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=https://region.expert/bashkorts/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=В Башкирии тысячи человек вышли на протест против разработки на горе Куштау |url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/721961 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Interfax.ru |language=ru}}</ref>. Some Bashkir separatists, such as the Bashkort movement and Bashkir National-Political Center of [[Lithuania]], support a creation of a multiethnic state for both Bashkirs and Russians<ref name=":10" />. But some separatists support a creation of an [[ethnostate]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=В Башкирии после призывов сепаратистов опять жгут поклонные кресты |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/11/06/v-bashkirii-posle-prizyvov-separatistov-opyat-zhgut-poklonnye-kresty |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=EADaily |language=ru}}</ref>.', 75 => '', 76 => 'After the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, there have been reports of armed resistance in [[Bashkortostan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Как пытаются раскачать Башкирию |url=http://www.stoletie.ru/politika/kak_pytajutsa_raskachat_bashkiriju_223.htm |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.stoletie.ru}}</ref>.', 77 => '', 78 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Chuvashia.svg}} '''[[Chuvashia|Chuvash]] separatism''' focuses on the preservation of Chuvash language of culture and the creation of an independent Chuvash Republic of [[Volga Bulgaria]]<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Собираются ли чуваши "на выход" из тюрьмы народов – новости Донбасса |url=https://dn.depo.ua/rus/dn/chi-zbirayutsya-chuvashi-na-vihid-z-tyurmi-narodiv-27122016203400 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.depo.ua |language=ru}}</ref>. The main organizations are the Union of Chuvash local historians, Suvar movement, [[Chuvash National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Тоской по суверенитету из Чувашии вдохновились на Украине |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2016/01/19/toskoy-po-suverenitetu-iz-chuvashii-vdohnovilis-vragi-rossii-na-ukraine |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=EADaily |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":11" />.', 79 => '', 80 => '[[Vattisen Yaly|Chuvash peganists]] were criticized by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] for being separatists<ref>{{Cite web |title=Почему РПЦ считает чувашское язычество сепаратизмом? |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/27902160.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}</ref>.', 81 => '[[File:Основатели движения "Свободный Идель-Урал".jpg|thumb|Flags of [[Erzyas|Erzyan]] Mastor and [[Tatarstan]] being held by the founders of [[Free Idel-Ural]] Movement]]', 82 => '{{flagicon image|Erzya Flag.svg}} '''[[Erzya language|Erzyan]] Mastor''' ('''Land of Erzya''') is a proposed state by the Erzya National Congress. The movement claimed the territories of [[Republic of Mordovia]], [[Penza Oblast|Penza]], [[Ulyanovsk Oblast|Ulyanovsk]], [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Ryazan Oblast|Ryazan]] and [[Samara Oblast|Samara Oblasts]]<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-02 |title=Эрзянь Мастор |url=https://idel-ural.org/archives/эрзянь-мастор/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Свободный Идель-Урал |language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Эрзянский национальный съезд заговорил о независимости для эрзян |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32060857.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}</ref>. The movement wants to create a federative state with a [[Mokshas|Moksha]] autonomy<ref name=":12" />.', 83 => '', 84 => 'The movement is represented on the [[Free Nations of Russia Forum]].<ref name=":2" />', 85 => '', 86 => '{{flagicon image|Idel-Ural flag.svg}} The idea of a unified '''[[Idel-Ural]]''' began during the [[Russian Civil War]] with the creation of the [[Idel-Ural State]]. The name was later used by the [[Idel Ural Legion|Idel-Ural Legion]] of [[Nazi Germany]] during the [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion of the Soviet Union]].', 87 => '', 88 => 'The main movement of modern Idel-Ural separatists is the [[Free Idel-Ural]] movement, which was registered in 2018 in [[Kyiv]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2018 |title=Free Idel-Ural Movement takes shape in Kyiv |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2018/03/24/free-idel-ural-movement-takes-shape-in-kyiv/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=Euromaidan Press}}</ref>. The movement wants to create a multiethnic federal state<ref>{{Cite web |title=Программа общественного движения «Свободный Идель-Урал» |url=https://idel-ural.org/программа-общественного-движения-с/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Свободный Идель-Урал |language=ru-RU}}</ref>. Free Idel-Ural movement is represented on the [[Free Nations of Russia Forum]]<ref name=":2" />.', 89 => '', 90 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Mari El (2006).svg}}{{flagicon image|Mari Ushem flag.svg}} Modern '''[[Mari people|Mari]] separatism''' began with the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|collapse of the USSR]], compared to other [[Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics|ASSRs]], 43,8% of regional leaders said that the dissolution was needed, which was higher than national average<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Когда развалится Россия: Почему Йошкар-Оле не нужна Москва – Последние новости мира. Главные мировые новости на портале «Depo.ua» |url=https://www.depo.ua/rus/svit/koli-rozvalitsya-rosiya-chomu-yoshkar-oli-ne-potribna-moskva-24092016160000 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.depo.ua |language=ru}}</ref>. The biggest political organization of Mari separatists is [[Mari Ushem]], which is over 100 years old. Other movements include Kugeze mlande, a far-right separatist organization, Mari Mer Kagash, and the Association of Finno-Ugric Peoples<ref name=":13" />. [[Mari religion|Mari peganists]] were also criticized by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] for being separatists<ref>{{Cite web |title=Марийское язычество потеснит православную культуру |url=http://www.ng.ru/problems/2021-10-05/9_516_paganism.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.ng.ru |language=en}}</ref>.', 91 => '[[File:"Свободный Идель-Урал" пикетирует посольство РФ в Киеве.jpg|thumb|[[Free Idel-Ural|Free Idel Ural]] ativists in front of the [[Embassy of Russia, Kyiv|Russian embassy in Kyiv]], 2018]]', 92 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Tatarstan.svg}}{{flagicon image|Tatar Nationalist Flag.svg}} Modern '''[[Tatars|Tatar]] separatism''' began in 1990, when [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]] declared its sovereignty from the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] and the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]]. On October 18, 1991 the [[Tatarstan|Republic of Tatarstan]] declared its full independence<ref>{{Cite web |last=Makuhin |first=Fedor |date=14 May 2020 |title=Сепаратизм – спящий пёс Татарстана |url=https://rusplt.ru/policy/separatizm-%E2%80%93-spyashchii-pyos-5ebd2.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=Русская Планета}}</ref>. In 1992 an independence referendum was held, in which more than 50% voted for full independence from Russia<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-10-23 |title=РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ РЕФЕРЕНДУМА РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН 21 марта 1992 года П Р О Т О К О Л Центральной комиссии референдума Республики Татарстан |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991023001118/http://www.kcn.ru/tat_ru/politics/pan_for/wb77.htm |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>. In 1994 Tatarstan unified with Russia as an associated state, this agreement ended in 2017. In 2021 the government of Tatarstan refused to change the title of its [[President of Tatarstan|president]] to the head of the republic, which was interpreted by some political commentators as separatism<ref>{{Cite web |title=Татарский гамбит: почему Казань вновь вступила в противостояние с Москвой |url=https://news.ru/society/tatarskij-gambit-pochemu-kazan-vstupila-v-protivostoyanie-s-moskvoj/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=NEWS.ru |language=ru}}</ref>.', 93 => '', 94 => 'Many [[Political science|political scientists]] and commentators believe that Tatarstan is the leading separatist force in modern Russia and an example for other movements<ref>{{Cite web |title=Казань ответила Москве: Сепаратизм, ответ Путину, этнические обиды? |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/30732865.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=RFE/RL |language=ru}}</ref>. The main Tatar separatist movements are [[All-Tatar Public Center]] and the [[Ittifaq Party]].', 95 => '', 96 => 'Tatar separatist protest [[Siege of Kazan|1552 capture of Kazan]] every year<ref>{{Cite web |last=Коцюбинский |first=Даниил |date=18 October 2018 |title=Что делать со взятием Казани? |url=https://region.expert/kazan1552/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=Регион Эксперт}}</ref>.', 97 => '', 98 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Udmurtia.svg}}{{flagicon image|Udmurt national movement flag 1.svg}} '''[[Udmurt people|Udmurt]] separatism''' focuses on protection of local culture, [[Udmurt language|language]] and the creation of an [[Udmurtia|Udmurt state]]<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Почему удмурстким сепаратистам Будапешт ближе Москвы – новости Донбасса |url=https://dn.depo.ua/rus/dn/separatistskie-ugrozy-v-sovremennoy-rossii-udmurtiya-20170411554069 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.depo.ua |language=ru}}</ref>. Udmurt separatism is supported by various Finno-Ugric organizations<ref>{{Cite news |title=Финно-угры сочетают в себе глобальность и стремление к автономии |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=https://region.expert/finno-ugrians/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref>. The main organizations are Congress of Peoples of Udmurtia and Udmurt Kenesh movement<ref name=":14" />. Many ethnic Udmurts were not allowed to have seats in local parliaments due to fears that they might cause more separatism in the republic<ref name=":14" />.', 99 => '', 100 => 'In 2019, Udmurt linguist and activist [[Albert Razin]] committed [[self-immolation]] due to Russia’s new laws on its native languages<ref>{{Cite news |title="Тут нет поводов говорить по-удмуртски". Из-за чего погиб ижевский ученый Альберт Разин |language=ru |work=BBC News Русская служба |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-49745671 |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref>. He became a symbol of Udmurt separatists and activists<ref>{{Cite news |title=Нет человека – нет проблемы? |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=https://region.expert/no_guilty/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref>.', 101 => '', 102 => '=== Ural Federal District ===', 103 => 'Separatism in the [[Ural Federal District]] is primarily represented by the [[Ural Republic]] separatists.', 104 => '[[File:Vladimir Solovyov 2018.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Vladimir Solovjev]]', 105 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of ural.svg}} The [[Ural Republic|'''Ural Republic''']] is proposed state within the border of [[Sverdlovsk Oblast|Sverdlovsk]], [[Chelyabinsk Oblast|Chelyabinsk]], [[Kurgan Oblast|Kurgan]] and [[Orenburg Oblast|Orenburg Oblasts]] and [[Perm Krai]]<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-26 |title=История сепаратизма: Уральская республика |url=https://hromadske.ua/ru/posts/istoriya-separatizma-uralskaya-respublika |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=hromadske.ua |language=ru}}</ref>. Originally the idea was suggested by the [[Governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast]] in 1992, but it was not separatist in nature<ref>{{Cite web |title=Россель вспомнил об Уральской республике и преференциях для области |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/03/05/2022/62702c8e9a79477f160e5991 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=РБК |language=ru}}</ref>. The main movements are the Ural Republic Movement, Free Ural and The Ural Democratic foundation<ref>{{Cite news |title=Восстание российских регионов |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=http://region.expert/revolt/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=«Урал станет свободным, даже если Запад будет спасать Москву» |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=http://region.expert/free-ural/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><ref name=":15" />. In 2019, Ural separatists participated in protests against the constriction of a church in [[Yekaterinburg|Ekaterinburg]] city center<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-17 |title=Уральский сепаратизм поднял голову в Екатеринбурге: Лурье об опасности сторонников Навального и "Уральской республики" |url=https://tsargrad.tv/news/uralskij-separatizm-podnjal-golovu-v-ekaterinburge-lure-ob-opasnosti-storonnikov-navalnogo-i-uralskoj-respubliki_199753 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=tsargrad.tv |language=ru}}</ref>.', 106 => '', 107 => 'In 2022, Russian TV personality and [[propagandist]] [[Vladimir Solovyov (TV presenter)|Vladimir Solovjev]] proclaimed that Ekatiernburg is “the center of such vile liberals, which has given rise to many scum, [[Russian emigration following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine|now hiding abroad]]”. He also blamed the current Governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast [[Yevgeny Kuyvashev]] for separatism<ref>{{Cite news |title=Антиуральская истерика имперского пропагандиста |language=ru-RU |work=Регион.Эксперт |url=https://region.expert/antiural/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref>.', 108 => '', 109 => '=== Siberian Federal District ===', 110 => 'Separatism in the [[Siberian Federal District]] is primarily represented by the [[Siberia|Siberian]] separatists and ethnic separatists in the republics.', 111 => '', 112 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Siberia.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Provisional Siberian Government.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States of Siberia.svg}} '''[[Siberia|Siberian]] separatism''' originates from the [[:ru:Сибирское_областничество|Siberian Oblastiniki]] movement of the [[Russian Civil War]]. Modern Siberian separatism began in the 90s, when [[Aman Tuleyev|Aman Tuleev]] suggested creating a Siberian Republic as an autonomous subject of the Russian Federation<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-13 |title=Кремль предложит Аману Тулееву найти себе преемника :: Политика :: РосБизнесКонсалтинг |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213054206/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/12/02/2015/54dcc86e9a7947297612bb93 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>.', 113 => '', 114 => 'There are many [[Siberian regionalism|Siberian regionalist movements]], but the biggest one was the March for Federalization of Siberia in 2014. The movement also coined the phrase “Stop feeding Moscow!”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-31 |title=Движение за федерализацию Сибири |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/multimedia/2014/07/140731_siberia_federalisation |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=BBC News Русская служба |language=ru}}</ref>, which is now used by other separatists.', 115 => '', 116 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Tuva.svg}} '''[[Tuvans|Tuvan]] separatism''' was at its strongest in early 2000s, when various movements such as Free Tuva protested the new Tuvan constitution<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-09-04 |title="Национализм вполне согласуется с демократией" |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/702176 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Анайбан |first=З.В. |title=МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ И ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ ТУВЕ |publisher=ИЭА РАН |year=2011 |language=Russian}}</ref>. First modern Tuvan separatist organizations began in the 80s, with the creation of the Kaadyr-ool Bichildea movement. Other separatist organizations of pre-2000s include People’s Party of Sovereign Tuva and People’s Front of Tuva<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Сепаратистские угрозы современной России: Тува – новости Донбасса |url=https://dn.depo.ua/rus/dn/separatistskie-ugrozy-sovremennoy-rossii-tuva-02042016200000 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.depo.ua |language=ru}}</ref>.', 117 => '', 118 => 'Separatism in Tuva is caused due to the fact that Tuva is one of the [[List of federal subjects of Russia by GDP per capita|poorest regions of Russia]]. And the fact that [[Russians]] are a very small minority in the Republic<ref name=":16" />.', 119 => '', 120 => '=== Far Eastern Federal District ===', 121 => 'Separatism in the [[Far Eastern Federal District]] is primarly pushed for by Buryats, and Russians concerned about economic dependence on Moscow or economic exploitation.', 122 => '', 123 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Buryatia.svg}} '''[[Buryats|Buryat]] separatism''' may refer to the idea of an independent Buryat state<ref>{{Cite web |title=Четыре сценария развития Бурятии |url=https://newbur.ru/newsdetail/chetyre_stsenariya_razvitiya_buryatii/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Новая Бурятия |language=ru}}</ref> or the idea of [[Buryatia]] uniting with [[Mongolia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Кто и как раскачивает бурятский сепаратизм? |url=https://ulanude.bezformata.com/listnews/raskachivaet-buryatskiy-separatizm/107520130/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=ulanude.bezformata.com}}</ref> The biggest Buryat separatist movement is the [[Free Buryatia Foundation]], which is represented on the Free Nations of Russia Forum. There have been reports of Buryat separatists attacking ethnic Russians.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-12 |title=«Орус» означает «чужой» |url=https://svpressa.ru/society/article/56683/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=svpressa.ru |language=ru}}</ref>', 124 => '[[File:Митинг в Хабаровске 8 августа 2020 5.jpg|thumb|[[2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests]]]]', 125 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Far Eastern Republic.svg}}{{flagicon image|Far Eastern Republican Party Flag.png}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Khabarovsk Krai.svg}} The '''[[Far Eastern Republic]]''' is a proposed state within the border of the entire Far Eastern Federal District, excluding [[Sakha]] and [[Buryatia]]. The separatists see the proposed republic as the continuation of the Far Eastern Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=О сепаратистских тенденциях на Дальнем Востоке |url=https://rossaprimavera.ru/article/o-separatistskih-tendenciyah-na-dalnem-vostoke |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Красная весна |language=ru}}</ref> The idea of an autonomous republic was supported by the former [[Governor of Khabarovsk Krai]] [[Viktor Ishayev]]. The biggest current movement is the Far Eastern Alternative which participated in various anti government protests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Новый русский сепаратизм |url=http://www.ng.ru/politics/2009-03-25/3_kartblansh.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.ng.ru |language=en}}</ref> Other movements such as the Far Eastern Republican Party also existed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1990 |title=Дальневосточная республиканская партия свободы (ДВРПС) |work=Государственная Публичная Историческая Библиотека |url=http://www2001.shpl.ru/shpage.php%3Fmenu=1241.html |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> During the [[2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests]], some people advocated for the independence of [[Khabarovsk Krai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=Прочь от Москвы. Могут ли протесты в Хабаровске возродить региональный сепаратизм в РФ |url=https://focus.ua/world/459948-habarovsk-protesty-furgal-putin |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=ФОКУС |language=ru}}</ref> Far Eastern separatism is primarily caused by economic dependence on [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-13 |title=Предприниматель из Хабаровска: «У нас «сепаратистские настроения», потому что цены у нас скотские!» (фото) |url=https://www.fontanka.ru/2020/07/13/69364600/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=fontanka.ru - новости Санкт-Петербурга |language=ru}}</ref> ', 126 => '', 127 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Sakha.svg}} '''[[Sakha]]''' or '''[[Yakuts|Yakut]] separatism''' seeks the creation of an independent Yakutian state.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Русская линия / Библиотека периодической печати: Якутия: бархатный сепаратизм? |url=http://rusk.ru/st.php?idar=15773 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=rusk.ru |language=ru}}</ref> The primary cause of Yakut separatism is economic exploitation by the federal government.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Якутские алмазы заинтересовали Эрдогана – Анкара подогревает тюркский сепаратизм в России - YKTIMES.RU |url=https://www.yktimes.ru/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/yakutskie-almazyi-zainteresovali-erdogana-ankara-podogrevaet-tyurkskiy-separatizm-v-rossii/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.yktimes.ru}}</ref> Some journalists and politicians suggested that [[Turkey]] supports Sakha separatism financially and politically.<ref name=":18" />', 128 => '', 129 => '== Minor movements ==', 130 => 'Many smaller separatist movements also existed in Russia, most of them have little to no support from the people of the local elite. Many of them were founded after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.', 131 => '', 132 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Abazinia.svg}} [[Abazinia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nugzar Ashuba STK Kurdu {{!}} Abhazya haberleri |url=http://www.abhazyam.com/haber/5164/nugzar-ashuba-stk-kurdu.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.abhazyam.com}}</ref>', 133 => '', 134 => '* People: [[Abazins|Abazinians]]', 135 => '* Geography: Abazinia', 136 => '* Years of activity: 2010s', 137 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Murmansk Oblast.svg}}{{flagicon image|Sami flag.svg}} [[Murmansk Oblast|Murmansk]]/[[Lapland]]/[[Sámi|Sami]] Republic<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Форум свободных народов России |url=https://freenationsrf.org/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=freenationsrf.org |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Североморца осудили за мурманский сепаратизм |url=https://severpost.ru/read/64926/severpost.ru/read/64926/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=severpost.ru}}</ref>', 138 => '', 139 => '* People: Russians, Samis', 140 => '* Geography: Murmansk Oblast', 141 => '{{flagicon image|Naval ensign of Russia.svg}} North Russian Republic<ref>{{Cite web |title=Паноптикум регионалистов и сепаратистов — 3. О сторонниках Майдана на Северо-Западе России |url=https://rossaprimavera.ru/article/panoptikum-regionalistov-i-separatistov-3-o-storonnikah-maydana-na-severo-zapade-rossii |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Красная весна |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |title="Русский сепаратизм" : ориентация - север |url=https://www.newkaliningrad.ru/news/politics/40036-.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.newkaliningrad.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref> ', 142 => '', 143 => '* People: Russians', 144 => '* Geography: North-Western Federal District', 145 => '* Group: North Russian Republic', 146 => '* Years of activity: 2000s - ???', 147 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Pskov Oblast.svg}} [[Pskov Oblast|Pskov]] Republic<ref>{{Cite web |title=Причуды псковского сепаратизма |url=https://blogs.informpskov.ru/news/110909.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=ПАИ Новости Псковской области |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":19" />', 148 => '', 149 => '* People: Russians', 150 => '* Geography: Pskov Oblast', 151 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Smolensk Oblast.svg}} Smalandia<ref name=":19" />', 152 => '', 153 => '* People: Russians, [[Belarusians|Belarussians]]', 154 => '* Geography: [[Smolensk Oblast]]', 155 => '* Group: Smalandia', 156 => '* Years of activity: 2022 - currently<ref>{{Cite web |title=СМАЛАНДИЯ |url=https://twitter.com/smalandija/status/1609280664725078019 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>', 157 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Volga Germans.svg}} [[Volga]] Republic<ref>{{Cite web |title=Спикеры |url=https://freenationsrf.org/index.php?route=information/information&information_id=4 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=freenationsrf.org |language=ru}}</ref>', 158 => '', 159 => '* People: Russians, [[Volga Germans]]', 160 => '* Geography: Regions around the Volga river', 161 => '* Group: Wolgadeutsche', 162 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Zalesskaya Rusi.svg}} Zalessian Rus’<ref>{{Cite web |title=Проект "Республика Залесская Русь" |url=https://shiropaev.livejournal.com/39823.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=shiropaev.livejournal.com}}</ref>', 163 => '', 164 => '* People: Russians', 165 => '* Geography: Central Federal District', 166 => '* Group: Committee of National Democrats', 167 => '* Years of activity: 2000s - Late 2010s<ref>{{Cite web |title=Республика Залесская Русь {{!}} VK |url=https://vk.com/zalesskaya_rus |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=vk.com |language=en}}</ref>', 168 => '', 169 => '== References ==' ]