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'{{short description|World's largest medical library}} [[File:Deus Wario.png|thumb|562x562px]] The '''United States National Library of Medicine''' ('''NLM'''), operated by the [[Federal government of the United States|United States federal government]], is the world's largest [[medical library]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=DeBakey ME |title=The National Library of Medicine. Evolution of a premier information center |journal=JAMA |volume=266 |issue=9 |pages=1252–58 |year=1991 |pmid=1870251|doi=10.1001/jama.266.9.1252}}</ref> Located in [[Bethesda, Maryland]], the NLM is an institute within the [[National Institutes of Health]]. Its collections include more than seven million [[book]]s, [[Scientific journal|journal]]s, [[technical report]]s, [[manuscript]]s, [[microform|microfilm]]s, [[photograph]]s, and images on medicine and related sciences, including some of the world's oldest and rarest works. The current director of the NLM is [[Patricia Flatley Brennan]].<ref name= welcomes>"[https://infocus.nlm.nih.gov/2016/08/15/national-library-of-medicine-welcomes-new-director-dr-patricia-flatley-brennan/ National Library of Medicine Welcomes New Director Dr. Patricia Flatley Brennan]". ''National Library of Medicine''. August 15, 2016.</ref> == History == {{For|details of the pre-1956 history of the Library|Library of the Surgeon General's Office}} The precursor of the National Library of Medicine, established in 1836, was the [[Library of the Surgeon General's Office]], a part of the office of the [[Surgeon General of the United States Army]]. The [[Armed Forces Institute of Pathology]] and its Medical Museum were founded in 1862 as the [[National Museum of Health and Medicine|Army Medical Museum]]. Throughout their history the Library of the Surgeon General's Office and the Army Medical Museum often shared quarters. From 1866 to 1887, they were housed in [[Ford's Theatre]] after production there was stopped, following the assassination of President [[Abraham Lincoln]]. In 1956, the library collection was transferred from the control of the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] to the [[United States Public Health Service|Public Health Service]] of the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]] and renamed the National Library of Medicine, through the instrumentality of [[Frank Bradway Rogers]], who was the director from 1956 to 1963. The library moved to its current quarters in [[Bethesda, Maryland]], on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, in 1962. ==Publications and informational resources== Since 1879, the National Library of Medicine has published the [[Index Medicus]], a monthly guide to articles, in nearly five thousand selected journals. The last issue of Index Medicus was printed in December 2004, but this information is offered in the freely accessible [[PubMed]], among the more than fifteen million [[MEDLINE]] journal article references and abstracts going back to the 1960s and 1.5 million references going back to the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web|title=PubMed|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/|publisher=United States National Library of Medicine|access-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> The National Library of Medicine runs the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]], which houses [[biological database]]s (PubMed among them) that are freely accessible on the Internet through the [[Entrez]] search engine <ref>{{cite web|title=NCBI Educational Resources|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/education/|publisher=United States National Library of Medicine|access-date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> and [[Lister Hill National Center For Biomedical Communications]].<ref>{{cite web |title=LHNCBC |url=https://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=1 August 2018}}</ref> As the United States National Release Center for [[SNOMED CT]], NLM provides SNOMED CT data and resources to licensees of the NLM [[UMLS]] Metathesaurus.<ref>{{cite web |title=SNOMED CT |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/healthit/snomedct/index.html |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> NLM maintains [[ClinicalTrials.gov]] registry for human interventional and observational studies. Additionally NLM runs ChemIDplus which is a [[chemical database]] of over 400,000 [[chemical]]s complete with names, synonyms, and [[chemical structure|structures]]. It includes links to NLM and other databases and resources, including links to federal, state and international agencies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp | title=ChemIDplus Lite - Chemical information with searchable synonyms, structures, and formulas }}</ref> ==Toxicology and environmental health == The Toxicology and Environmental Health Program was established at the National Library of Medicine in 1967 and is charged with developing computer databases compiled from the medical literature and from the files of governmental and nongovernmental organizations.<ref>"[https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/tehipfs.html Toxicology and Environmental Health Program]". ''National Library of Medicine''. Retrieved July 11, 2007.</ref> The program has implemented several information systems for chemical emergency response and public education, such as the [[Toxicology Data Network]], [[TOXMAP]], [[Tox Town]], [[Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders]], Toxmystery, and the [[Household Products Database]]. These resources are accessible without charge on the internet. ==Radiation exposure== The United States National Library of Medicine Radiation Emergency Management System<ref name="remm">"[http://www.remm.nlm.gov/index.html Radiation Emergency Management System]". ''National Library of Medicine''.</ref> provides: * Guidance for health care providers, primarily physicians, about clinical diagnosis and treatment of radiation injury during radiological and nuclear emergencies * Just-in-time, evidence-based, usable information with sufficient background and context to make complex issues understandable to those without formal radiation medicine expertise * Web-based information that may be downloaded in advance, so that it would be available during an emergency if the Internet were not accessible Radiation Emergency Management System is produced by the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]], Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Office of Planning and Emergency Operations, in cooperation with the [[National Library of Medicine]], Division of Specialized Information Services, with subject matter experts from the [[National Cancer Institute]], the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], and many U.S. and international consultants.<ref name="remm"/> ==Extramural division== The Extramural Division provides grants to support research in medical information science and to support planning and development of computer and communications systems in medical institutions. Research, publications, and exhibitions on the history of medicine and the life sciences also are supported by the History of Medicine Division. In April 2008 the current exhibition [[Against the Odds: Making a Difference in Global Health]] was launched. == National Center for Biotechnology Information division == [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] is an intramural division within National Library of Medicine that creates public databases in molecular biology, conducts research in [[computational biology]], develops software tools for analyzing molecular and genomic data, and disseminates biomedical information, all for the better understanding of processes affecting human health and disease. ==See also== * [[JournalReview.org]] * [[National Library of Medicine classification|National Library of Medicine classification system]] * [[PubMed]] == References == == Further reading == * ]{{Cite journal |last1=Schullian |first1=Dorothy |last2=Rogers |first2=Frank |date=January 1958 |title=The National Library of Medicine. I |jstor=4304714 |journal=The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |id=NLM 0135203 |doi=10.1086/618482 |pmid=19938388 |s2cid=37983204}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Schullian|first1=Dorothy|last2=Rogers|first2=Frank|date=April 1958|title=The National Library of Medicine. II|jstor=4304753|journal=The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy|volume=28|issue=2|pages=95–121|id=NLM 0135203|doi=10.1086/618521|pmid=19938389|s2cid=8301098 }} * {{Cite book|url=http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/8708723|title=Past, present, and future of biomedical information|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine|year=1987|location=Bethesda, Maryland|id=NLM 8708723|access-date=October 16, 2018}} == External links == {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/about/briefhistory.html ''A Brief History of NLM''] * [http://clinicaltrials.gov Clinical Trials], research information * [https://hivinfo.nih.gov/home-page HIV Info], treatment and clinical trial information * [http://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx History of Medicine Division: Finding Aids], a {{URL|https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/consortium/about.html|multi-institutional}} discovery service {{US National Libraries}} {{National Institutes of Health}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:United States National Library Of Medicine}} [[Category:United States National Library of Medicine| ]] [[Category:Medical libraries]] [[Category:National libraries in the United States|Medicine]] [[Category:National Institutes of Health|Library of Medicine]] [[Category:Libraries in Maryland]] [[Category:Bibliographic database providers]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Bethesda, Maryland]] [[Category:Buildings of the United States government|National Library of Medicine]] [[Category:Libraries established in 1836]] [[Category:1830s establishments in Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:1836 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:Library buildings completed in 1962]] [[Category:1962 establishments in Maryland]] [[Category:Research libraries in the United States]] [[Category:Chemical databases]]'