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'{{Short description|German baroness, wife of D. H. Lawrence}} {{Infobox person | name = Frieda Lawrence | image = Portrait of Frieda Lawrence, Taos, N.M. LCCN2004663190 (cropped).jpg | caption = Lawrence in [[Taos, New Mexico]], as photographed by [[Carl Van Vechten]] in 1950 | image_size = | birth_name = {{lang|de|Emma Maria Frieda Johanna ''[[Freiin]]'' von Richthofen|italic=unset}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1879|8|11}} | birth_place = [[Metz]], [[Alsace-Lorraine]], [[German Empire]]<br/><small>(now in {{lang|fr|[[Grand Est]]|italic=no}}, [[France]])</small> | death_date = {{death date and age|1956|8|11|1879|8|11}} | death_place = [[Taos, New Mexico]], USA }} '''Frieda Lawrence''' (August 11, 1879 – August 11, 1956) was a German author and wife of the British novelist [[D.H. Lawrence]]. ==Life== '''Emma Maria Frieda Johanna Freiin''' (Baroness) '''von Richthofen'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00072/hrc-00072.html |title=Frieda Lawrence: An Inventory of Her Collection |website=Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center |publisher=[[University of Texas at Austin]] |language=en |access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> (also known under her married names as Frieda Weekley,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/27/books/a-thing-about-men-and-a-thing-about-women.html |title=A Thing About Men, and a Thing About Women |last=Kendrick |first=Walter |date=November 27, 1994 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 13, 2018}}</ref> Frieda Lawrence, and Frieda Lawrence Ravagli) was born into the [[German nobility]] at [[Metz]]. Her father was Baron Friedrich Ernst Emil Ludwig von Richthofen (1844&ndash;1916), an engineer in the [[Imperial German Army]], and her mother was Anna Elise Lydia Marquier (1852&ndash;1930). In 1899, she married a British philologist and professor of modern languages, [[Ernest Weekley]], with whom she had three children, Charles Montague (born 1900), Elsa Agnès (born 1902) and Barbara Joy (born 1904). They settled in [[Nottingham]], where Ernest was an academic at the university. During her marriage to Weekley she began to translate [[German literature]], mainly fairy tales, into English. She met [[D.H. Lawrence]], a former student of her husband, in 1912; soon she fell in love with him, and they eloped to Germany.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6usYrPlvfGkC&q=frieda+lawrence+elope+to+germany&pg=PA82 |title=Engendering Inspiration: Visionary Strategies in Rilke, Lawrence, and H.D. |last=Sword |first=Helen |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0472105946 |location=Ann Arbor |pages=82 |lccn=95040616 |oclc=33131763}}</ref> During their stay Lawrence was arrested for spying; after the intervention of Frieda's father, the couple walked south over the [[Alps]] to Italy. Following her divorce, Frieda and Lawrence married in 1914. She had been legally obliged to leave her children with Weekley; divorced adulterous women were unable to gain custody.<ref>{{cite news |last=Anderson |first=Hephzibah |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/nov/18/frieda-original-lady-chatterley-review-annabel-abbs-dh-lawrence |title=Frieda: The Original Lady Chatterley by Annabel Abbs review – DH Lawrence's muse |work=The Observer |date=18 November 2018 |access-date=18 November 2018}}</ref>Additionally, Hephzibah Anderson writes (11th December 2018) a review of Annabel Abbs novel, "Frieda" regarding Lawrence: "He becomes jealous of her children, and as actually happened, writes to Weekley, telling him of their affair, setting in motion divorce proceedings that will strip her of her maternal rights, nearly destroying her." While they had intended to return to the continent, the outbreak of war kept them in England, where they endured official harassment and [[censorship]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/24/dh-lawrence-war-poetry-censorship |title=D.H. Lawrence's Poetry Saved from the Censor's Pen |last=Alberge |first=Dalya |date=March 23, 2013 |work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> They also struggled with limited resources and D.H. Lawrence's already frail health.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/12/19/the-deep-end |title=The Deep End |last=Kunkel |first=Benjamin |date=December 19, 2005 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=August 13, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> Leaving postwar England at the earliest opportunity, they traveled widely, eventually settling at the [[D.H. Lawrence Ranch|Kiowa Ranch]] near [[Taos, New Mexico]], and in Lawrence's last years at the Villa Mirenda, near [[Scandicci]] in [[Tuscany]]. After her husband's death in [[Vence]], France, in 1930, she returned to Taos to live with her third husband, [[Angelo Ravagli]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1484562/DH-Lawrences-wife-was-the-real-Lady-Chatterley.html |title=DH Lawrence's Wife 'Was the Real Lady Chatterley' |date=February 28, 2005 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> The ranch is now owned by the [[University of New Mexico]] at [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abqjournal.com/523485/brushing-the-cobwebs-off-the-dh-lawrence-ranch.html |title=Brushing the Cobwebs Off the D.H. Lawrence Ranch |last1=Bush |first1=Mike |date=January 9, 2015 |work=[[Albuquerque Journal]] |access-date=August 13, 2018 |last2=Stiny |first2=Andy}}</ref> [[Georgia O'Keeffe]], who knew her in Taos, said in 1974: "Frieda was very special. I can remember very clearly the first time I ever saw her, standing in a doorway, with her hair all frizzed out, wearing a cheap red calico dress that looked as though she'd just wiped out the frying pan with it. She was not thin, and not young, but there was something radiant and wonderful about her."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1974/03/04/the-rose-in-the-eye-looked-pretty-fine |title=Georgia O'Keeffe's Vision |last=Tomkins |first=Calvin |date=March 4, 1974 |work=The New Yorker |access-date=May 25, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mainly through her elder sister [[Else von Richthofen]], Frieda became acquainted with many intellectuals and authors, including the [[Socioeconomics|socioeconomist]] [[Alfred Weber]] and sociologist [[Max Weber]], the radical psychoanalyst [[Otto Gross]] (who became her lover), and the writer [[Fanny zu Reventlow]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Roth |first=Gunther |date=July 2010 |title=Edgar Jaffé and Else von Richthofen in the Mirror of Newly Found Letters|journal=Max Weber Studies |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=151–188 |doi=10.15543/mws/2010/2/3 |issn=1470-8078 |jstor=24579567}}</ref> By her approval of the dramatization for the theatre of Lawrence's ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]''—thought to be based partly on her own relationship as an [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocrat]] with the [[working-class]] Lawrence—it became his only novel ever to be staged. John Harte's play was the only dramatization to be accepted by her, and she did her best to get it produced. Although she loved the play when she read it, the copyright to Lawrence's story had already been acquired by [[Philippe de Rothschild|Baron Philippe de Rothschild]], who was a close friend. He did not relinquish it until 1960, after [[Lady Chatterley's Lover (1955 film)|his film version]] had been released. John Harte's play was first produced at The [[Arts Theatre]], London in 1961, five years after her death.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Theatre_of_D_H_Lawrence/jzVJCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=lady+chatterley%27s+lover++The+Arts+Theatre,+London+in+1961&pg=PT242&printsec=frontcover Moran, James, ''The Theatre of D.H. Lawrence: Dramatic Modernist and Theatrical Innovator''], London and New York: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2015.</ref> ==Death== Frieda Lawrence died on her seventy-seventh birthday in Taos.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/journeyiseveryth00bevi |url-access=registration |quote=frieda lawrence death birthday taos. |title=The Journey is Everything: A Journal of the Seventies |last=Bevington |first=Helen Smith |date=1983 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-0822305538 |location=Durham, NC |pages=[https://archive.org/details/journeyiseveryth00bevi/page/134 134] |lccn=83005582 |oclc=9412283}}</ref> ==In popular culture== She is an important character in ''[[On the Rocks (2008 play)|On the Rocks]]'', a play by [[Amy Rosenthal]] which deals with her sometimes difficult relationship with D.H. Lawrence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/jul/02/theatre.reviews3 |title=Theatre Review: On the Rocks |last=Billington |first=Michael |date=July 2, 2008 |work=The Guardian |access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> Lawrence was the inspiration for the character Harriet Somers, played by [[Judy Davis]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-04-04/entertainment/ca-1135_1_kangaroo |title=Judy Davis is Back on the U.S. Scene in 'Kangaroo' |last=Mills |first=Nancy |date=April 4, 1987 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> in the Australian film ''[[Kangaroo (1987 film)|Kangaroo]]'' (1987). The film is based on D.H. Lawrence's semi-autobiographical [[Kangaroo (novel)|novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/kangaroo-1987 |title=Kangaroo Movie Review & Film Summary (1987) |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |date=March 27, 1987|website=RogerEbert.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401170306/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/kangaroo-1987 |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> ==Bibliography== ===Autobiography=== *Lawrence, Frieda von Richthofen. ''Not I, but the Wind...'' With an afterword by Harry T. Moore. New York: [[Viking (publisher)|Viking]], 1934. **Reprint. Carbondale: [[Southern Illinois University Press]], 1974. {{LCCN|74008660}} {{ISBN|0809306905}}. ===Biographies=== * Byrne, Janet. ''A Genius for Living: The Life of Frieda Lawrence''. New York: [[HarperCollins]], 1995. {{ISBN|0060190019}}. * Crotch, Martha Gordon. ''Memories of Frieda Lawrence''. Edinburgh: Tragara Press, 1975. {{ISBN|0902616196}}. * Green, Martin. ''The von Richthofen Sisters: The Triumphant and the Tragic Modes of Love: Else and Frieda Von Richthofen, Otto Gross, Max Weber, and D.H. Lawrence, in the Years 1870–1970''. New York: [[Basic Books]], 1974. {{ISBN|0465090508}}. * Jackson, Rosie. ''Frieda Lawrence'' (Including ''Not I, But the Wind'' and other autobiographical writings). London and San Francisco: Pandora, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, 1994. * Lawrence, Frieda von Richthofen, Harry T. Moore, and Dale B. Montague, eds. ''Frieda Lawrence and Her Circle: Letters from, to, and About Frieda Lawrence''. London: [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]], 1981. {{ISBN|0333276000}}. * Tedlock, Jr., E. W., ed. ''Frieda Lawrence: The Memoirs and Correspondence''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{FadedPage|id=Lawrence, Frieda von Richthofen|name=Frieda Lawrence|author=yes}} {{D. H. Lawrence|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Frieda}} [[Category:1879 births]] [[Category:1956 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century German women writers]] [[Category:20th-century German women writers]] [[Category:D. H. Lawrence]] [[Category:German baronesses]] [[Category:Lorraine-German people]] [[Category:Writers from Metz]] [[Category:People from Taos, New Mexico]] [[Category:Richthofen family|Frieda von Richthofen]]'