Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Capital city of Minnesota, United States}}
{{For|an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area|Minneapolis–Saint Paul}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saint Paul, Minnesota
| settlement_type = [[List of capitals in the United States|State capital city]]
| image_skyline =
{{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style = border:1;
| caption_align = center
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Saint Paul, Minnesota 9.jpg
| caption1 = [[Downtown Saint Paul]]
| image2 = Xcel Energy Center (15622401768).jpg
| caption2 = [[Xcel Energy Center]]
| image3 = James J. Hill House (1).jpg
| caption3 = [[James J. Hill House]]
| image4 = St Paul Cathedral 2012.jpg
| caption4 = [[Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota)|Cathedral of Saint Paul]]
| image5 = Smith Avenue High Bridge fall colors.jpg
| caption5 = [[Smith Avenue High Bridge]]
| image6 = Minnesota State Capitol 2017.jpg
| caption6 = [[Minnesota State Capitol]]}}
| image_flag = Flag of St. Paul, Minnesota.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Saint Paul, Minnesota
| image_seal = CitysealSaintPaul.gif
| nickname = "the Saintly City", "Twin Cities" (with [[Minneapolis]]), "Pig's Eye", "STP", "Last City of the East"
| named_for = [[St. Paul the Apostle]]
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=St. Paul|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
| mapsize = 300px
| map_caption = Interactive map of St. Paul
| coordinates = {{Coord|44|56|39|N|93|5|37|W|region:US-MN_type:city(310,000)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Minnesota|County]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Minnesota}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ramsey County, Minnesota|Ramsey]]
| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date = March 4, 1854
<!-- Area -->
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota|Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Melvin Carter (politician)|Melvin Carter]] ([[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party|DFL]])
| leader_title1 = Body
| leader_name1 = [[Saint Paul City Council]]
| total_type = City
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_27.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=July 24, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 145.31
| area_total_sq_mi = 56.10
| area_land_km2 = 134.61
| area_land_sq_mi = 51.97
| area_water_km2 = 10.70
| area_water_sq_mi = 4.13
| elevation_m = 214
| elevation_ft = 795
<!-- Population -->
| population_total = 311527
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est = 307193
| pop_est_as_of = 2021
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2021" />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)" />
| population_density_km2 = 2314.32
| population_density_sq_mi = 5994.02
| population_metro = 3690512 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical area|16th]])
| population_rank = US: [[List of United States cities by population|67th]] MN: [[List of cities in Minnesota|2nd]]
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1 = Saint Paulite
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code = 55101–55108, 55114, 55116, 55117, 55119, 55130
| area_code = [[Area code 651|651]]
| timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset = -6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = -5
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 27-58000
| blank1_name_sec1 = Major airport
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = Public transportation
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.stpaul.gov/|stpaul.gov}}
}}
'''Saint Paul''' (abbreviated '''St. Paul''') is the [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Minnesota]] and the [[county seat]] of [[Ramsey County, Minnesota|Ramsey County]].<ref name="StP_RC_MMSP">{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Ramsey County |url=http://www.metromsp.org/Communities/ramsey.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708184922/http://metromsp.org/Communities/ramsey.htm |archive-date=July 8, 2008 |access-date=July 30, 2008 |work=Metro MSP |publisher=Minneapolis Regional Chamber Development Foundation}}</ref> The city is situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2017 |title=The St. Paul and Pacific was a pioneering railroad in Minnesota, if not a very successful one (at least, at first) |url=https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2017/01/st-paul-and-pacific-was-pioneering-railroad-minnesota-if-not-very-successful-one-le/ |access-date=November 6, 2021 |website=MinnPost |language=en-US |archive-date=November 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106190540/https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2017/01/st-paul-and-pacific-was-pioneering-railroad-minnesota-if-not-very-successful-one-le/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Capital City Partnership |year=2006 |title=A City Where People Work |url=http://www.capitalcitypartnership.com/stpaulmrkt/work.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427204014/http://capitalcitypartnership.com/stpaulmrkt/work.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=April 27, 2008 |access-date=August 15, 2008 |publisher=Capital City Partnership}}</ref> The [[Minnesota State Capitol]] and the state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city's downtown district. One of the oldest cities in Minnesota, Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks, such as the [[Summit Avenue (St. Paul)|Summit Avenue Neighborhood]], the [[James J. Hill House]], and the [[Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota)|Cathedral of Saint Paul]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Saint Paul |url=https://www.stpaul.gov/residents/live-saint-paul/about-saint-paul |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=Saint Paul, Minnesota |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201042903/https://www.stpaul.gov/residents/live-saint-paul/about-saint-paul |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Paul: Minnesota's Livable & Dynamic Capital City |url=https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/planning-and-economic-development/saint-paul-minnesotas-livable-dynamic-capital-city |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=Saint Paul, Minnesota |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201042903/https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/planning-and-economic-development/saint-paul-minnesotas-livable-dynamic-capital-city |url-status=live}}</ref> Like the adjacent and larger city of [[Minneapolis]], Saint Paul is known for its cold, snowy winters and humid summers.
According to census estimates, in 2021 the city's population was 307,193, making it the [[List of United States cities by population|67th-largest city]] in the [[United States]] and the second-most populous in Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2019 |title=Cleveland.com News |url=https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2018/05/cleveland_is_nations_27th_most.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 28, 2022 |website=Cleveland.com |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126132132/https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2018/05/cleveland_is_nations_27th_most.html}}</ref><ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=April 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421033121/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the city lies east of the Mississippi River near its confluence with the [[Minnesota River]]. Minneapolis is mostly across the Mississippi River to the west. Together, they are known as the "Twin Cities" and make up the core of [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]] [[List of metropolitan areas of the United States|metropolitan area]], the third most populous metro in the Midwest.<ref name="population-metroarea">{{cite web |title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas on July 1, 2018 Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2018/index.html |access-date=June 1, 2018 |date=June 1, 2018}}{{dead link|date=June 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [https://www.apartmentsinstpaul.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PEP_2018_GCTPEPANNR.US23PR.pdf Alt URL]{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The Legislative Assembly of the [[Minnesota Territory]] established the Town of St. Paul as its capital near existing [[Dakota Sioux]] settlements in November 1849. It remained a town until 1854. The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is "Imnizaska" for the "white rock" bluffs along the river.<ref>Fun Facts, Visit St. Paul, Official Convention and Visitors Bureau webpage, 175 West Kellogg Boulevard,Suite 502, Saint Paul, MN [https://www.visitsaintpaul.com/discover-saint-paul/fun-facts-famous-saint-paulites/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927102111/https://www.visitsaintpaul.com/discover-saint-paul/fun-facts-famous-saint-paulites/|date=September 27, 2020}}</ref> The city has two sports venues: [[Xcel Energy Center]], home to the [[Minnesota Wild]], and [[Allianz Field]], home to [[Minnesota United FC|Minnesota United]].<ref name="StP_Hockey_returns">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/12/17/sports/main257971.shtml |title=Stars Can't Go Home Again |agency=Associated Press |work=CBS Sports |access-date=July 30, 2008 |date=December 17, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211172434/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/12/17/sports/main257971.shtml |archive-date=December 11, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Saint Paul has a [[mayor–council government]]. The current mayor is [[Melvin Carter (politician)|Melvin Carter III]], who was first elected in 2018.
==History==
{{Main|History of Saint Paul, Minnesota}}
[[File:Indian Mounds park.jpg|thumb|left|A burial mound at [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]]]]
Burial mounds in present-day [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]] suggest the area was inhabited by the [[Hopewell tradition|Hopewell]] Native Americans about 2,000 years ago.<ref name="Trimble">{{cite web |last=Trimble |first=Steve |title=A Short history of Indian Mounds Park |work=Neighborhood Pride Celebration |publisher=daytonsbluff.org |date=July 2, 2000 |url=http://www.daytonsbluff.org/old/AShortHistoryofMoundsPark.html |access-date=December 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501184552/http://www.daytonsbluff.org/old/AShortHistoryofMoundsPark.html |archive-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Mounds Park |work=Mississippi National River and recreation Area |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/indimoun.htm |access-date=December 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118001409/http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/indimoun.htm |archive-date=January 18, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> From the early 17th century to 1837, the [[Mdewakanton|Mdewakanton Dakota]], a tribe of the [[Sioux]], lived near the mounds after being displaced from their ancestral grounds by [[Mille Lacs Lake]] from advancing [[Ojibwe]].<ref name="Trimble" /><ref name="DakotaLife">{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.bloomington.mn.us/main_top/2_facilities/rec_facility/pond/signs/dakota_life/dakota_life.htm |title=Dakota Life |first=Mark |last=Morrison |publisher=City of Bloomington |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501122521/http://www.ci.bloomington.mn.us/main_top/2_facilities/rec_facility/pond/signs/dakota_life/dakota_life.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2008}}</ref> The Dakota called the area ''Imniza-Ska'' ("white cliffs") for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on the river's eastern side.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/adakotaenglishd00rigggoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/adakotaenglishd00rigggoog/page/n211 197] |quote=imniza ska. |title=A Dakota-English Dictionary |author1=Stephen Return Riggs |author2=James Owen Dorsey |publisher=University of Michigan |year=1892 |access-date=July 30, 2008}}</ref><ref name="NPS">{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/lambland.htm |title=Lambert's Landing |publisher=National Park Services |date=July 27, 2006 |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925172925/http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/lambland.htm |archive-date=September 25, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Imniza-Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota. The explorer [[Jonathan Carver]] documented the historic Wakan tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767. In the [[Menominee language]] St. Paul was called ''Sāēnepān-Menīkān'', which means "ribbon, silk or satin village", suggesting its role in trade throughout the region after the introduction of European goods.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/chart.aspx |title=Menominee Place Names in Wisconsin |last=Hoffman |first=Mike |website=The Menominee Clans Story |access-date=October 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005112532/https://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/chart.aspx |archive-date=October 5, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
After the 1803 [[Louisiana Purchase]], U.S Army Lieutenant [[Zebulon Pike]] negotiated approximately {{convert|100000|acre|ha sqmi}} of land from the indigenous Dakota in 1805 to establish a fort. A military reservation was intended for the confluence of the [[Mississippi river|Mississippi]] and [[Minnesota river]]s on both sides of the Mississippi up to [[Saint Anthony Falls]]. All of what is now the Highland park neighborhood was included in this. Pike planned a second military reservation at the confluence of the [[St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)|St. Croix]] and Mississippi rivers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.minnesotahistorycenter.org/exhibits/territory/territory/treaty/treaty4.html |title=The Treaty Story |publisher=Minnesota History Center |year=1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105010630/http://www.minnesotahistorycenter.org/exhibits/territory/territory/treaty/treaty4.html |archive-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> In 1819, [[Fort Snelling]] was built at the Minnesota and Mississippi confluence. The 1837 Treaty with the Sioux ceded all tribal lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm |title=Treaty with the Sioux, 1837 |date=September 29, 1837 |website=Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties |publisher=Oklahoma State University Library |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201174618/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm |archive-date=December 1, 2008}}</ref> [[Taoyateduta|Chief Little Crow V]] moved his village, [[Kaposia]], from south of Mounds Park across the river a few miles onto Dakota land.<ref>1983 Survey Dist 1.pdf - Historic Saint Paul, Historic Saint Paul website, 400 Landmark Center, 75 West 5th Street, Saint Paul, MN [https://www.historicsaintpaul.org/sites/default/files/1983%20Survey%20Dist%201.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127235806/https://www.historicsaintpaul.org/sites/default/files/1983%20Survey%20Dist%201.pdf|date=November 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |editor-last=Kappler |editor-first=Charles J., Washington: GPO |title=Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties |volume=II (Treaties, 1778–1883) |year=1904 |publisher=Oklahoma State University Library}}. and {{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm#mn1 |title=Treaty with the Sioux |date=September 29, 1837 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201174618/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm |archive-date=December 1, 2008}} and {{cite web |title=Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm |date=July 23, 1851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616144255/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm |archive-date=June 16, 2008}} and {{cite web |title=Treaty With the Sioux—Mdewakanton and Wapahkoota Bands |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm |date=August 5, 1851 |access-date=June 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711133037/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2007}}</ref> Fur traders, explorers, and settlers came to the area for the fort's security. Many were French-Canadians who predated American pioneers by some time. A whiskey trade flourished among the squatters and the fort's commander evicted them all from the fort's reservation. Fur trader turned [[rum-running|bootlegger]] [[Pierre Parrant|"Pig's Eye" Parrant]], who set up business just outside the reservation, particularly irritated the commander.<ref name="StP_PE_Schaper">{{cite book |last1=Schaper |first1=Julie |last2=Horwitz |first2=Steven |title=Twin Cities Noir |publisher=Akashic Books |year=2006 |location=New York, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/twincitiesnoir0000scha/page/16 16] |url=https://archive.org/details/twincitiesnoir0000scha |url-access=registration |isbn=978-1-888451-97-9 |access-date=July 28, 2008}}</ref><ref name="NPS" /> By the early 1840s, a community had developed nearby that locals called ''Pig's Eye'' (French: ''L'Œil du Cochon'') or ''Pig's Eye Landing'' after Parrant's popular tavern.<ref name="StP_PE_Schaper" /> In 1842, a raiding party of Ojibwe attacked the Kaposia encampment south of St. Paul. A battle ensued where a creek drained into wetlands two miles south of Wakan Tipi.<ref>Carver's Cave- Subterranean Twin Cities, Ramsey County History, G.A. Brick, p.17 [http://www.gregbrick.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Carvers_Cave_RCH_Spr_09.10462411.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128191922/http://www.gregbrick.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Carvers_Cave_RCH_Spr_09.10462411.pdf|date=November 28, 2020}}</ref> The creek was thereafter called Battle Creek and is today parkland. In the 1840s-70s the [[Métis]] brought their oxen and [[Red River Carts]] down Kellogg Street to Lambert's landing to send [[American Bison|buffalo]] hides to market from the [[Red River of the North]]. St. Paul was the southern terminus of the [[Red River Trails]]. In 1840, [[Pierre Bottineau]] became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement's center.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Pierre-Bottineau/6000000025889497293 |title=Pierre Bottineau, GENi, Joe Eickhoff, July 2020 |access-date=September 4, 2020 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429043351/https://www.geni.com/people/Pierre-Bottineau/6000000025889497293 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1841, Catholic missionary [[Lucien Galtier]] was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota. He had a chapel he named for [[Paul the Apostle|St. Paul]] built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cathedralsaintpaul.org/about/history.asp |title=Overview of the Cathedral |publisher=Cathedral of Saint Paul |year=2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806222821/http://cathedralsaintpaul.org/about/history.asp |archive-date=August 6, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mnaatf.org/LucienGaltierPMougel.pdf |title=Catholicisme dans le Midwest Lucien Galtier et l'origine du nom de la capitale du Minnesota |first=Patricia |last=Mougel |publisher=Reflets de l'étoile du nord |volume=27 |issue=3 |date=June 2007 |language=fr |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909212452/http://mnaatf.org/LucienGaltierPMougel.pdf |archive-date=September 9, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel's name for the settlement and cease the use of "Pigs Eye".<ref name="StP_PE_Schaper" /> In 1847, New York educator [[Harriet Bishop]] moved to the settlement and opened the city's first school.<ref name="Gilman">{{cite book |last=Gilman |first=Rhonda R. |title=The Story of Minnesota's Past |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |year=1989 |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota |pages=99–104 |isbn=978-0-87351-267-1}}</ref> The [[Minnesota Territory]] was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital. The U.S. Army made the territory's first improved road, Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road, in 1850. It passed through what became St. Paul neighborhoods.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/roadsides/historic/files/iforms/RA-SPC-2928.pdf |title=MNDOT Historic Roadside Development Structures Inventory, RA-SPC-2928 |access-date=September 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019074027/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/roadsides/historic/files/iforms/RA-SPC-2928.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1857, the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to [[St. Peter, Minnesota|Saint Peter]], but [[Joe Rolette]], a territorial legislator, stole the text of the bill and went into hiding, preventing the move.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rolette, Jr., Joseph "Joe" |work=Minnesota Legislators Past & Present |publisher=Minnesota Legislature |url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=14571 |access-date=July 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229135501/http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=14571 |archive-date=December 29, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul.jpg|thumb|Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul]]
The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul,<ref name="Gilman" /> making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or [[Dakota Territory]]. Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub. The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley's topography. For a time, Saint Paul was called "The Last City of the East."<ref name="OAH" /> Fort Snelling was important to St. Paul from the start. Direct access from St. Paul did not happen until the 7th bridge was built in 1880. Before that, there was a cable ferry crossing dating to at latest the 1840s. Once streetcars appeared, a new bridge to St. Paul was built in 1904. Until the town built its first jail the fort's brig served St. Paul. Industrialist [[James J. Hill]] founded his railroad empire in St. Paul. The [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] and the [[Northern Pacific Railway]] were both headquartered in St. Paul until they merged with the [[Burlington Northern]]. Today they are part of the BNSF Railway.<ref name="OAH">{{Cite web |url=http://www.oah.org/pubs/nl/2007feb/wingerd.html |title=Separated at Birth: The Sibling Rivalry of Minneapolis and St. Paul |access-date=November 19, 2007 |publisher=Organization of American Historians |first=Mary Lethert |last=Wingerd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707020313/http://www.oah.org/pubs/nl/2007feb/wingerd.html |archive-date=July 7, 2012}}</ref>
On August 20, 1904, severe [[thunderstorm]]s and [[tornado]]es damaged hundreds of downtown buildings, causing $1.78 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.78|1904|r=2}}}} million today) in damages and ripping spans from the [[High Bridge (St. Paul)|High Bridge]].<ref name="gendisasters">{{cite web |title=St. Paul, Minneapolis and other cities in Minnesota suffer from gale. |publisher=GenDisasters.com |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/mn/tornadoes/stpaul-minneapolis-tornado-aug1904.htm |access-date=March 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022194814/http://gendisasters.com/data1/mn/tornadoes/stpaul-minneapolis-tornado-aug1904.htm |archive-date=October 22, 2007}}</ref> During the 1960s, in conjunction with [[urban renewal]], Saint Paul razed neighborhoods west of downtown for the creation of the interstate freeway system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/112rondo.html |title=Rondo Neighborhood & the Building of I-94 |year=2008 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |access-date=July 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204100958/http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/112rondo.html |archive-date=February 4, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1959 to 1961, the [[Rondo Neighborhood]] was demolished for the construction of [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|Interstate 94]]. The loss of that [[African American]] enclave brought attention to [[racial segregation]] and unequal housing in northern cities.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Effects of a Freeway Displacement on Racial Housing Segregation in a Northern City |first=F. James |last=Davis |jstor=273848 |pages=209–215 |volume=26 |issue=3 |journal=Phylon |year=1965 |doi=10.2307/273848}}</ref> The annual [[Rondo Days]] celebration commemorates the African American community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rondoaveinc.org/history.html |title=Rondo Days official site |publisher=Rondo Avenue Inc. |access-date=August 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501191637/http://www.rondoaveinc.org/history.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=May 1, 2008}}</ref>
Downtown St. Paul had skyscraper-building booms beginning in the 1970s. Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction. The tallest buildings, such as [[Galtier Plaza]] (Jackson and Sibley Towers), The Pointe of Saint Paul condominiums, and the city's tallest building, [[Wells Fargo Place]] (formerly Minnesota World Trade Center), were constructed in the late 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=102508 |title=Tallest skyscrapers of Saint Paul |publisher=Emporis |year=2008 |access-date=August 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518162025/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=102508 |archive-date=May 18, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 1990s and 2000s, the tradition of bringing new immigrant groups to the city continued. As of 2004, nearly 10% of the city's population were recent [[Hmong people|Hmong]] immigrants from [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], and [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hmong Refugee Resettlement |publisher=Minnesota Council of Non-Profits |url=http://www.mncn.org/hmongbriefing.htm |access-date=March 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202073035/http://www.mncn.org/hmongbriefing.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=February 2, 2008}}</ref> Saint Paul is the location of the [[Hmong Archives]].<ref name="ht">{{cite news |last=Moua |first=Teng |title=Hmong Archives Reaches a Milestone |url=http://www.hmongtoday.com/page11501913.aspx |access-date=December 18, 2010 |newspaper=Hmong Today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515131920/http://www.hmongtoday.com/page11501913.aspx |archive-date=May 15, 2011}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Meeker Island Lock and Dam.jpg|thumb|The [[Meeker Island]] Lock and Dam was the first lock and dam on the Mississippi River in 1902.]]
Saint Paul's history and growth as a landing port are tied to water. The city's defining physical characteristic, the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, was carved into the region during the [[Wisconsin glaciation|last ice age]], as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built. Receding [[glacier]]s and [[Lake Agassiz]] forced torrents of water from a [[Glacial River Warren|glacial river]] that served the river valleys.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mississippi: River Facts |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |date=August 14, 2006 |url=http://www.nps.gov/miss/riverfacts.htm |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106103328/http://www.nps.gov/miss/riverfacts.htm |archive-date=January 6, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is situated in east-central Minnesota.
The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of the city's west, southwest, and southeast sides. [[Minneapolis]], the state's largest city, lies to the west. [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]], [[Lauderdale, Minnesota|Lauderdale]], [[Roseville, Minnesota|Roseville]], and [[Maplewood, Minnesota|Maplewood]] are north, with Maplewood lying to the east. The cities of [[West St. Paul, Minnesota|West Saint Paul]] and [[South Saint Paul]] are to the south, as are [[Lilydale, Minnesota|Lilydale]], [[Mendota, Minnesota|Mendota]], and [[Mendota Heights]], across the river from the city. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, which is part of the Mississippi, [[Lake Phalen]], and [[Lake Como (Minnesota)|Lake Como]]. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|56.18|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|51.98|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|4.20|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=July 2, 2012}}</ref>
The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.startribune.com/10242/story/1518765.html |title=In St. Paul, they're passionate about parks |last=Havens |first=Chris |date=October 31, 2007 |newspaper=[[Star Tribune]] |access-date=November 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102083806/http://www.startribune.com/10242/story/1518765.html |archive-date=November 2, 2007 |url-status=dead |pages=AA1 |issn=0895-2825}}</ref> The city ranked #2 in park access and quality, after only [[Minneapolis]], in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit [[Trust for Public Land]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |title=ParkScore |website=www.parkscore.tpl.org |language=en-US |access-date=May 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524003623/http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |archive-date=May 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Neighborhoods===
{{Main|Neighborhoods of Saint Paul}}
Saint Paul's Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into seventeen Planning Districts, created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use [[Community Development Block Grant]]s. With a funding agreement directly from the city, the councils share a pool of funds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Medcalf |first=Myron P. |title=St. Paul's neighborhood councils scrutinize their financial status |newspaper=Star Tribune |pages=B4 Local |date=September 11, 2007 |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/MN/lib00172,11997057F135EA68.html |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310193453/https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MN&p_theme=mn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=11997057F135EA68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |url-status=live}}</ref> The councils have significant land-use control, a voice in guiding development, and they organize residents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/index.asp?nid=1859 |title=District Councils |publisher=City of Saint Paul |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211145517/http://www.stpaul.gov/index.asp?NID=1859 |archive-date=February 11, 2009}}</ref> The boundaries are adjusted depending on population changes; as such, they sometimes overlap established neighborhoods.<ref name="District Council">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cpn.org/topics/community/stpaul.html |title=Saint Paul Participation |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=Citizen Participation Project |work=Citizen Participation Project Case Studies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209093404/https://www.cpn.org/topics/community/stpaul.html |archive-date=December 9, 2007}}</ref> Though these neighborhoods changed over time, preservationists have saved many of their historically significant structures.
The city's 17 Planning Districts are:
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
# [[Southeast, Saint Paul|Sunray-Battle Creek-Highwood]]
# [[Greater East Side, Saint Paul|Greater East Side]]
# [[West Side, Saint Paul|West Side]]
# [[Dayton's Bluff, Saint Paul|Dayton's Bluff]]
# [[Payne-Phalen, Saint Paul|Payne-Phalen]]
# [[North End, Saint Paul|North End]]
# [[Frogtown, Saint Paul|Thomas Dale (Frogtown)]]
# [[Summit-University, Saint Paul|Summit-University]]
# [[West Seventh, Saint Paul|West Seventh]]
# [[Como, Saint Paul|Como Park]]
# [[Hamline-Midway, Saint Paul|Hamline-Midway]]
# [[Saint Anthony Park (Saint Paul)|Saint Anthony Park]]
# [[Union Park, Saint Paul|Union Park]]
# [[Macalester-Groveland, Saint Paul|Macalester-Groveland]]
# [[Highland Park, Saint Paul|Highland Park]]
# [[Summit Hill, Saint Paul|Summit Hill]]
# [[Downtown Saint Paul|Downtown]]{{div col end}}
==Climate==
{{See also|Climate of the Twin Cities|Climate of Minnesota}}
[[File:Saint paul mn.jpg|thumb|The city skyline from the southwest in the winter]]
Saint Paul has a [[humid continental climate]] typical of the [[Upper Midwest|Upper Midwestern United States]]. Winters are frigid and snowy, while summers are warm to hot and humid. On the [[Köppen climate classification]], Saint Paul falls in the hot summer [[humid continental climate]] zone (''Dfa''). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, [[Rain and snow mixed|sleet]], ice, rain, [[thunderstorm]]s, [[tornado]]es, and [[fog]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kottek |first1=Markus |last2=Grieser |first2=Jürgen |last3=Beck |first3=Christoph |last4=Rudolf |first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel |first5=Franz |title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated |journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=259–263 |date=June 2006 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download;jsessionid=fmsejsjc7e0i3.alice?pub=infobike%3a%2f%2fschweiz%2fmz%2f2006%2f00000015%2f00000003%2fart00001&mimetype=application%2fpdf |doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130 |access-date=December 15, 2010 |bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic [[air mass]]es, especially during late December, January, and February. The average annual temperature of {{convert|46.5|°F|°C}} gives the Minneapolis−Saint Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the [[continental U.S.]]<ref>45.4 °F for 1971 through 2000 per [https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/07s0378.xls U.S. Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103012949/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/07s0378.xls |date=January 3, 2007 }} who cites {{cite web |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |title=Normals 1971–2000 |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmavg.txt |access-date=March 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401171717/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmavg.txt |archive-date=April 1, 2007 |url-status=live}} or {{convert|44.6|°F|°C|abbr=on}} per {{cite web |last=Fisk |first=Charles |url=http://home.att.net/~minn_climo/ |title=Minneapolis-Saint Paul Area Daily Climatological History of Temperature, Precipitation, and Snowfall, A Year-by-Year Graphical Portrayal (1820–present) |date=March 3, 2007 |access-date=March 25, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518201556/http://home.att.net/~minn_climo/ |archive-date=May 18, 2007}}</ref>
<div style="width:85%;">
{{Weather box
|location = [[St. Paul Downtown Airport]], Minnesota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 58
|Feb record high F = 64
|Mar record high F = 83
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 101
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 78
|Dec record high F = 63
|year record high F = 104
|Jan high F = 23.9
|Feb high F = 28.7
|Mar high F = 41.7
|Apr high F = 56.8
|May high F = 68.9
|Jun high F = 78.5
|Jul high F = 82.6
|Aug high F = 80.4
|Sep high F = 72.4
|Oct high F = 58.0
|Nov high F = 42.1
|Dec high F = 28.6
|year high F = 55.2
|Jan mean F = 16.3
|Feb mean F = 20.8
|Mar mean F = 33.1
|Apr mean F = 47.0
|May mean F = 58.9
|Jun mean F = 68.8
|Jul mean F = 73.3
|Aug mean F = 71.1
|Sep mean F = 62.9
|Oct mean F = 49.0
|Nov mean F = 34.6
|Dec mean F = 21.7
|year mean F = 46.5
|Jan low F = 8.6
|Feb low F = 12.9
|Mar low F = 24.6
|Apr low F = 37.2
|May low F = 48.9
|Jun low F = 59.2
|Jul low F = 64.0
|Aug low F = 61.7
|Sep low F = 53.4
|Oct low F = 40.0
|Nov low F = 27.1
|Dec low F = 14.8
|year low F = 37.7
|Jan record low F = −41
|Feb record low F = −33
|Mar record low F = −26
|Apr record low F = 6
|May record low F = 23
|Jun record low F = 34
|Jul record low F = 45
|Aug record low F = 39
|Sep record low F = 28
|Oct record low F = 8
|Nov record low F = −25
|Dec record low F = −39
|year record low F = -41
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.48
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.52
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.43
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.58
|May precipitation inch = 3.97
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.63
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.97
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.10
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.08
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.47
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.32
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.65
|year precipitation inch = 29.20
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 4.0
|Feb precipitation days = 4.3
|Mar precipitation days = 7.1
|Apr precipitation days = 10.6
|May precipitation days = 12.7
|Jun precipitation days = 13.0
|Jul precipitation days = 9.9
|Aug precipitation days = 10.0
|Sep precipitation days = 9.6
|Oct precipitation days = 9.2
|Nov precipitation days = 6.2
|Dec precipitation days = 4.9
|year precipitation days = 101.5
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mpx |title=NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817022055/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mpx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NCEIairport">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014927&format=pdf |title=Station: St Paul Downtown AP, MN |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204431/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014927&format=pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|source 2 = The Weather Channel<ref name="TWC">{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMN0664 |title=Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information |access-date=July 28, 2008 |publisher=The Weather Channel |date=August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510103256/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMN0664 |archive-date=May 10, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}
</div>
{{Clear}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 1112
|1860= 10401
|1870= 20030
|1880= 41473
|1890= 133156
|1900= 163065
|1910= 214744
|1920= 234698
|1930= 271606
|1940= 287736
|1950= 311349
|1960= 313411
|1970= 309980
|1980= 270230
|1990= 272235
|2000= 287151
|2010= 285068
|2020= 311527
|estyear=2021
|estimate=307193
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2021">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=June 24, 2022 |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=June 24, 2022}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |author=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 9, 2014 |author-link=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=March 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321050514/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2758000 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Main|Demographics of Saint Paul}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! Demographic profile !! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=st.%20paul,%20minnesota&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |publisher=US Census Bureau |title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) |access-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212060901/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=st.%20paul,%20minnesota&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live}}</ref>!!2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html |title=St. Paul (city), Minnesota |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916024758/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html |archive-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |title=Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 14, 2017 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> !! 1970<ref name="census1" />
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] (non-Hispanic) || 48.8% || 55.9% || 64.0% || 80.4% || 93.6%<ref name="fifteen">From 15% sample</ref>
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] (non-Hispanic) || 19.2% || 14.9% || 12.4% || 7.1% || 0.2%
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic) || 16.5% || 15.3% || 11.7% || 7.4% || 3.5%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 9.7% || 9.6% || 7.9% || 4.2% || 2.1%<ref name="fifteen" />
|}
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Minneapolis (5560453662).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]
===2020 census===
As of the [[2020 United States census|census of 2020]],<ref name="2020-census-2758000">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> the population was 311,527. The [[population density]] was {{convert|5,994.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 127,392 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,451.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. Ethnically, the population was 9.7% [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race. When counting both Hispanic and non-Hispanic people together by race, the city was 50.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 19.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 16.8% [[Black (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.8% from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|other races]], and 7.6% from two or more races.
The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing.<ref name="2020-P5-2758000">{{cite web|title=Group Quarters Population, 2020 Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P5 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>
According to the [[American Community Survey]] estimates for 2016-2020, the median income for a household in the city was $59,717, and the median income for a family was $74,852. Male full-time workers had a median income of $50,186 versus $45,541 for female workers. The [[per capita income]] was $32,779. About 13.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="2020-EconChar-2758000">{{cite web|title=Selected Economic Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP03 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher.<ref name="2020-SocChar-2758000">{{cite web|title=Selected Social Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP02 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>
===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]],<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov/ |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 13, 2012 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref> there were 285,068 people, 111,001 households, and 59,689 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|5484.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 120,795 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2323.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% white, 15.7% African American, 1.1% Native American, 15.0% Asian, 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of the population.
There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33.
The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.
===Ethnic history===
The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of the [[Hopewell tradition]], who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs (now [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]]). The next known inhabitants were the [[Mdewakanton]] [[Sioux|Dakota]] in the 17th century, who fled their ancestral home of [[Mille Lacs Lake]] in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the [[Ojibwa|Ojibwe]] nation.<ref name="DakotaLife" /> The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River.
By 1800, [[French-Canadian]] explorers came through the region and attracted fur traders. [[Fort Snelling]] and Pig's Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from [[New England]] and [[English people|English]], [[Irish people|Irish]], and [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[immigrant]]s, who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge. These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river. The first wave of immigration came with the Irish, who settled at [[Connemara Patch]] along the Mississippi, named for their home, [[Connemara]], Ireland. The Irish [[History of the Irish in Saint Paul|became prolific]] in politics, city governance, and public safety, much to the chagrin of the Germans and French, who had grown into the majority. In 1850, the first of many groups of [[Swedish people|Swedish immigrants]] passed through St. Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the [[Minnesota Territory|territory]]. A large group settled in [[Swede Hollow]], which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along [[Payne Avenue State Bank|Payne Avenue]] in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/curriculum/gomn/tc_geog/from_swede_hollow_to_arlington_hills.pdf |title=From Swede Hollow to Arlington Hills, From Snoose Boulevard to Minnehaha Parkway: Swedish Neighborhoods of the Twin Cities |year=2001 |first=David A. |last=Lanegran |publisher=Macalester College |access-date=July 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724113740/http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/curriculum/goMN/tc_geog/From_Swede_Hollow_to_Arlington_Hills.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2008}}</ref>
Of people who specified [[European American|European ancestry]] in the 2005–07 [[American Community Survey]] of St. Paul, 26.4% were [[German American|German]], 13.8% [[Irish American|Irish]], 8.4% [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]], 7.0% [[Swedish American|Swedish]], and 6.2% [[English American|English]]. There is also a visible community of people of [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population. By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as [[Frogtown]] (German: ''Froschburg''), became home to Vietnamese people who had left their war-torn country. A settlement program for the Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rchs.com/neighborhoods/frogtown.htm |title=District 7: Thomas-Dale or Frogtown |publisher=Ramsey County Historical Society |year=2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411064558/http://www.rchs.com/neighborhoods/frogtown.htm |archive-date=April 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-11-29-hmong-closerlook_x.htm |date=November 29, 2004 |title=Hmong get closer look since shootings |first=Tom |last=Kenworthy |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630193716/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-11-29-hmong-closerlook_x.htm |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hmong Resettlement Revisited |publisher=Bridging Refugee Youth and Children's Services |date=June 2004 |url=http://www.brycs.org/brycs_spotjune04.htm |access-date=November 4, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823120646/http://www.brycs.org/brycs_spotjune04.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul's West Side since the 1930s; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Paul Ethnic Population Growth |publisher=City of Saint Paul |url=http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/index.asp?NID=2020 |access-date=November 6, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116144505/http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/index.asp?NID=2020 |archive-date=January 16, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Bianca Vazquez |last=Toness |title=Mexican consulate opens in June |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |date=May 24, 2005 |url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/05/20_tonessb_consulate/ |access-date=November 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060918174236/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/05/20_tonessb_consulate/ |archive-date=September 18, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are [[Christianity|Christian]], split between the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and various [[Protestant]] denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[synagogue]]s such as [[Mount Zion Temple]] and relatively small populations of [[Hinduism|Hindus]], [[Islam|Muslims]], and [[Buddhism|Buddhists]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsey County, Minnesota |url=http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/27123_2000.asp |work=Religious Congregations and Membership in the United States, 2000 |publisher=Association of Religion Data Archives |access-date=December 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205193048/http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/27123_2000.asp |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large [[Wicca]]n population.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gihring |first=Tim |title=Welcome to Paganistan |work=Minnesota Monthly |access-date=May 23, 2011 |date=April 2009 |url=http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/April-2009/MNMO-Recommends/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908075718/http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/April-2009/MNMO-Recommends/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Economy==
[[File:MN Ford plant.jpg|thumb|The [[Ford Motor Company]]'s [[Twin Cities Assembly Plant]] in 2006]]
The Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington area employs 1,570,700 people in the private sector as of July 2008, 82.43% of whom work in private service providing-related jobs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject |work=Bureau of Labor Statistics |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |date=August 26, 2008 |url=http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet;jsessionid=f030f2337f5b$3F$3F$3 |access-date=August 26, 2008 |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310193448/https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/dbdown?REQUEST_ERROR_MESSAGE |url-status=live}} This data may not be directly reproducible via this link. [http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=sm BLS.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912103418/http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=sm |date=September 12, 2008 }}, Select "27 Minnesota" and "33460 Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN-WI" and all subsectors.</ref>
Major [[corporation]]s headquartered in Saint Paul include [[Ecolab]], a chemical and cleaning product company<ref>{{cite news |last=Orrick |first=Dave |title=Downtown goal: Fill storefronts — at least for now |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press|Pioneer Press]] |publisher=MediaNews Group |date=July 28, 2008 |url=http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_10021824 |access-date=July 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803030400/http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_10021824 |archive-date=August 3, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> that the ''Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal'' named in 2008 as the eighth-best place to work in the Twin Cites for companies with 1,000 full-time Minnesota employees,<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Kim |title=Business Journal names Best Places to Work |work=Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal |publisher=[[American City Business Journals]] |date=August 20, 2008 |url=http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/08/11/daily30.html?surround=lfn |access-date=August 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519190102/http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/08/11/daily30.html?surround=lfn |archive-date=May 19, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Securian Financial Group Inc.]]<ref><!-- Note: This is not the same reference to the MMAA in the museums section --> {{cite news |last=Abbe |first=Mary |title=Same old struggles at the MMAA |work=[[Star Tribune]] |pages=3 |publisher=Chris Harte |date=July 21, 2008 |url=http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |access-date=July 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918180413/http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |archive-date=September 18, 2008}}</ref>
The [[3M Company]] moved to St. Paul in 1910. It built a art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands. Headquarters operations moved to the Maplewood campus in 1964. 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St. Paul operations ceased.
The city was home to the [[Ford Motor Company]]'s [[Twin Cities Assembly Plant]], which opened in 1924 and closed at the end of 2011. The plant was in [[Highland Park, Saint Paul|Highland Park]] on the Mississippi River, adjacent to [[Lock and Dam No. 1, Mississippi River]], which generates hydroelectric power.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lock and Dam 1 |work=St. Paul District |publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers |url=http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=146 |access-date=August 27, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206183104/http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=146 |archive-date=December 6, 2008}}</ref> The site is now being cleared of buildings and tested for contamination to prepare for redevelopment.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=With Ford plant gone, St. Paul leaders seek model development |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_26195827/ford-plant-demolished-st-paul-leaders-seek-model |website=twincities.com |publisher=Pioneer Press |access-date=September 9, 2014 |date=July 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018114624/http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_26195827/ford-plant-demolished-st-paul-leaders-seek-model |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The lead developer, the Ryan Company, has released a proposed set of zoning changes that will shape how the land will be used.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stpaul.gov/sites/default/files/Media%20Root/Planning%20%26%20Economic%20Development/Updated-Staff-Review-Ryan-Proposed-Amendments-Ford.pdf |title=Updated Staff Review of Ryan Companies' (Ryan) Proposed Amendments to the ''Ford Site Zoning and Public Realm Master Plan'' |website=City of Saint Paul |first1=Menaka |last1=Mohan |first2=Mike |last2=Richardson |access-date=November 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124055025/https://www.stpaul.gov/sites/default/files/Media%20Root/Planning%20%26%20Economic%20Development/Updated-Staff-Review-Ryan-Proposed-Amendments-Ford.pdf |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Saint Paul has financed city development with [[Tax increment financing|tax increment financing (TIF)]]. In 2018, it had 55 TIF districts. Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the [[CHS Field|St. Paul Saints stadium]], and the [[affordable housing]] along the Twin Cities [[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|Metro Green Line]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.twincities.com/2018/04/14/frederick-melo-you-dont-know-tif/ |title=Frederick Melo: You don't know TIF! |date=April 14, 2018 |work=Twin Cities |access-date=April 15, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125039/https://www.twincities.com/2018/04/14/frederick-melo-you-dont-know-tif/ |archive-date=April 15, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Housing===
Saint Paul passed what critics have called "the nation's worst [[Rent Control|rent control]] law"<ref name="Reason, September 23rd, 2022">{{cite web |last1=BRITSCHGI |first1=CHRISTIAN |title=The Nation's Worst Rent Control Law Gets a Few Moderating Fixes |url=https://reason.com/2022/09/23/the-nations-worst-rent-control-law-gets-a-few-moderating-fixes/?utm_medium=email |website=reason.com |publisher=Reason |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> by voter referendum in November 2021, as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=St. Paul City Council likely to prune rent-control ordinance next week |url=https://www.twincities.com/2022/09/07/st-paul-city-council-likely-to-exempt-new-construction-for-rent-control-going-back-20-years/ |website=www.twincities.com |publisher=TwinCities Journal |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> Some claim the law has had the opposite effect by raising housing costs as "new building permit applications plunge[d] and developers [froze] in-progress housing projects, totaling thousands of units, as their financing partners skipped town". In September 2022, the St. Paul city council voted to amend and "water down"<ref name="Star Tribune, September 20th, 2022">{{cite web |last1=Galioto |first1=Katie |title=St. Paul leaders poised to limit controversial rent control policy |url=https://www.startribune.com/st-paul-leaders-poised-to-limit-controversial-rent-control-policy/600208717/?refresh=true |website=www.startribune.com |publisher=Star Tribune |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> the law.<ref name="Pioneer Press, September 21, 2022">{{cite web |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=St. Paul City Council amends rent control, exempts new construction with 5-2 vote |url=https://www.twincities.com/2022/09/21/st-paul-city-council-amends-rent-control-exempts-new-construction-exemption-with-5-2-vote/ |website=www.twincities.com |publisher=Pioneer Press |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>
==Culture==
[[File:Comoplant.jpg|thumb|left|[[Como Park Zoo and Conservatory]] is a free public greenhouse and urban zoo open year-round.]]
Every January, Saint Paul hosts the [[Saint Paul Winter Carnival]], a tradition that began in 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul "another [[Siberia]]". The organizers had a model in the [[Montreal Winter Carnivals|Montreal Winter Carnival]] the year before. Architect A. C. Hutchinson designed the Montreal ice castle and was hired to design St. Paul's first.<ref>Ice Palaces in Montreal 1883-89, The Ice Cubicle, [https://icecubicle.blog/2009/06/10/ice-palaces-in-montreal-1883-89/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014224040/https://icecubicle.blog/2009/06/10/ice-palaces-in-montreal-1883-89/|date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> The event has now been held 135 times with an attendance of 350,000. It includes an [[Ice sculpture|ice sculpting]] competition, a snow sculpting competition, a medallion [[Saint Paul Winter Carnival#Medallion Hunt|treasure hunt]], food, activities, and an ice palace when it can be arranged.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.winter-carnival.com/history/ |title=History of the Saint Paul Winter Carnival |year=2008 |publisher=St Paul Winter Carnival |access-date=July 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517155457/http://www.winter-carnival.com/history/ |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Como Zoo and Conservatory]] and adjoining Japanese Garden are popular year-round. The historic [[Landmark Center (St. Paul)|Landmark Center]] in downtown Saint Paul hosts cultural and arts organizations. The city's recreation sites include [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]], Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park, [[Highland Park, Saint Paul|Highland Park]], the [[Wabasha Street Caves]], [[Lake Como (Minnesota)|Lake Como]], [[Lake Phalen]], and [[Rice Park]], as well as several areas abutting the [[Mississippi River]]. The [[History of the Irish in Saint Paul|Irish Fair of Minnesota]] is held annually at the [[Harriet Island Pavilion]] area. The country's largest Hmong American sports festival, the Freedom Festival, is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park.
The city is associated with the [[Minnesota State Fair]] in neighboring [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]] just west of Como Park. The fair dates to before statehood. With the competing interests of Minneapolis and St. Paul, it was held on "neutral ground" between both. That area refused to become part of St. Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s. The [[University of Minnesota]] Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights.
[[Fort Snelling]] is often identified as being in St. Paul but is actually its own [[unincorporated area#U.S. Census Bureau|unorganized territory]]. The eastern part of Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory ([[Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport|MSP included]]) has a St. Paul mailing address. The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code.
[[File:Minnesota Centennial Showboat at night, October 2013.jpg|thumb|The [[Minnesota Centennial Showboat]] was anchored in the Mississippi River along Harriet Island.]]
Saint Paul is the birthplace of [[cartoonist]] [[Charles M. Schulz]], who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.familyhistoryfiles.com/site_text/documents/hfs_peanuts.htm |title=Harry F. Schroeder, Jr. The Kid After Whom Charles M. Schulz Named His Beethoven-Loving Character in His "Peanuts" Cartoon |year=2006 |publisher=Delehanty – Sullivan – Kinsman – Schroeder Family History Workspace |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729224335/http://www.familyhistoryfiles.com/site_text/documents/hfs_peanuts.htm |archive-date=July 29, 2012}}</ref> Schulz's ''[[Peanuts]]'' inspired giant, decorated sculptures around the city, a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=65389 |website=PRnewswire.co.uk |title=Saint Paul kicks off encore to the successful 'Peanuts on Parade' summer art project |access-date=August 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527095326/http://www2.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=65389 |archive-date=May 27, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Other notable residents include writer [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] and playwright [[August Wilson]], who premiered many of the ten plays in his [[August Wilson#The Pittsburgh Cycle|Pittsburgh Cycle]] at the local Penumbra Theater.<ref>{{cite web |others=Prepared by Connie L. Cartledge |title=John Vachon: A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/text/vachon.html |publisher=Manuscript Division, Library of Congress |year=2006 |access-date=October 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930111256/http://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/text/vachon.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref>
The [[Ordway Center for the Performing Arts]] hosts theater productions and the [[Minnesota Opera]] is a founding tenant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordway Center for the Performing Arts |publisher=Ordway Center for the Performing Arts |year=2006 |url=http://www.ordway.org/ |access-date=December 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205151543/http://www.ordway.org/ |archive-date=December 5, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[RiverCentre]], attached to [[Xcel Energy Center]], serves as the city's convention center. The city has contributed to the [[music of Minnesota]] and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues. Great jazz musicians have passed through the influential [[Artists' Quarter]], first established in the 1970s in [[Whittier, Minneapolis]], and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |last=Berryman |first=Don |title=Artists' Quarter |publisher=Jazz Police |date=April 21, 2004 |url=http://www.jazzpolice.com/content/view/1381/115/ |access-date=July 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705151354/https://www.jazzpolice.com/content/view/1381/115/ |archive-date=July 5, 2008}}</ref> Artists' Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam, home of the 2009 [[National Poetry Slam]] Champions. At The Black Dog, in Lowertown, many French or European jazz musicians (Evan Parker, Tony Hymas, Benoît Delbecq, François Corneloup) have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe. Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins, Dean Magraw/Davu Seru, Merciless Ghosts, and [[Willie Murphy (musician)|Willie Murphy]] are regulars. The [[Turf Club (venue)|Turf Club]] in Midway has been a music scene landmark since the 1940s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gelhhar |first=Jenny |title=The Turf Club |work=Features |publisher=Saint Paul Almanac |year=2007 |url=http://saintpaulalmanac.com/f-turf-club-st-paul.shtml |access-date=July 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106085957/http://saintpaulalmanac.com/f-turf-club-st-paul.shtml |archive-date=January 6, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed [[Rose Ensemble]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roseensemble.org/about/history.html |title=History of the Rose Ensemble |access-date=November 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222021006/http://www.roseensemble.org/about/history.html |archive-date=December 22, 2008}}</ref> As an Irish stronghold, the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music, such as Shamrocks, The Dubliner, and until its closure in 2019, O'Gara's.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Belcamino |first1=Kristi |title=O'Gara's Bar and Grill, a landmark St. Paul institution, won't reopen |url=https://www.twincities.com/2019/11/03/ogaras-bar-and-grill-a-landmark-st-paul-institution-wont-reopen/ |website=Twin Cities.com |date=November 4, 2019 |publisher=St. Paul Pioneer Press |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429045621/https://www.twincities.com/2019/11/03/ogaras-bar-and-grill-a-landmark-st-paul-institution-wont-reopen/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The internationally acclaimed [[Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra]] is the nation's only full-time professional chamber orchestra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chicagopresents.uchicago.edu/series/stpaul/ |title=Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra Three concerts |publisher=University of Chicago |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531162446/http://chicagopresents.uchicago.edu/series/stpaul/ |archive-date=May 31, 2008}}</ref> The [[Minnesota Centennial Showboat]] on the Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota's first centennial celebration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://showboat.umn.edu/ |title=Minnesota Centennial Showboat! |date=July 3, 2008 |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=July 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625194024/http://www.showboat.umn.edu/ |archive-date=June 25, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Saint Paul hosts a number of museums, including the University of Minnesota's Goldstein Museum of Design,<ref>{{cite web |title=Goldstein Museum of Design |work=College of Design |publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota |year=2008 |url=http://goldstein.che.umn.edu/ |access-date=July 31, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625032612/http://goldstein.che.umn.edu/ |archive-date=June 25, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the [[Minnesota Children's Museum]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Hours, Parking, and Directions |work=Visitor Information |publisher=Minnesota Children's Museum |year=2010 |url=http://www.mcm.org/visitor-information/hours-parking-directions/ |access-date=December 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213150044/http://www.mcm.org/visitor-information/hours-parking-directions/ |archive-date=December 13, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments,<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlson's legacy: Schubert Club: Thanks to him, once-tiny arts group attracts top artists to Twin Cities |work=Pioneer Press |date=July 31, 2006 |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-16156728_ITM |format=registration required |access-date=July 31, 2008 |first=Bao |last=Ong |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231113528/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-16156728_ITM |archive-date=December 31, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments |publisher=The Schubert Club |year=2008 |url=http://www.schubert.org/museum/ |access-date=July 31, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921232801/http://www.schubert.org/museum/ |archive-date=September 21, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Minnesota Museum of American Art]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Wyant |first=Carissa |title=St. Paul art museum loses director; searches for new home |work=Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal |publisher=American City Business Journals, Inc. |date=July 26, 2008 |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/07/21/daily1.html |access-date=July 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801202812/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/07/21/daily1.html |archive-date=August 1, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Abbe |first=Mary |title=Same old struggles at the MMAA |work=[[Star Tribune]] |pages=1 |publisher=Chris Harte |date=July 21, 2008 |url=http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |access-date=July 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918180413/http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |archive-date=September 18, 2008}}</ref> the Traces Center for History and Culture,<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Paul Culture: Museums |publisher=M.R. Danielson Advertising Associates |year=2002 |url=http://saint-paul.com/display.php?section=1&sub=6 |access-date=December 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031042121/http://www.saint-paul.com/display.php?section=1&sub=6 |archive-date=October 31, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the [[Minnesota History Center]], the [[Alexander Ramsey]] House, the [[James J. Hill House]], the [[Minnesota Transportation Museum]], the [[Science Museum of Minnesota]], and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum.
==Sports==
{{Main|Sports in Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Sports in Minnesota}}
[[File:2006 WCHA Final Five.jpg|thumb|The [[Xcel Energy Center]] hosts hockey and other professional sports in addition to concerts and other events.]]
The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schulman |first=Andrew |title=St. Paul takes SI Sportstown Honors for the Land of 10,000 Lakes |magazine=Sports Illustrated |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/magazine/features/si50/states/minnesota/sports_town/ |access-date=October 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007010753/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/magazine/features/si50/states/minnesota/sports_town/ |archive-date=October 7, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Saint Paul hosts a number of professional, semi-professional, and amateur sports teams. The [[Minnesota Wild]]<ref name="StP_Hockey_returns" /> play their home games in downtown Saint Paul's [[Xcel Energy Center]], which opened in 2000. The Wild brought the NHL back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the [[Minnesota North Stars]] left the state for [[Dallas, Texas]].<ref name="StP_Hockey_returns" /> (The [[World Hockey Association]]'s [[Minnesota Fighting Saints]] played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977.) Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels, ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' called Saint Paul the new [[Hockeytown|Hockeytown U.S.A.]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/michael_farber/12/04/hockeytown1210/index.html |date=December 4, 2007 |title=In Search of... Hockeytown U.S.A |first=Michael |last=Farber |magazine=Sports Illustrated |access-date=August 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511170659/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/michael_farber/12/04/hockeytown1210/index.html |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Xcel Energy Center, a multipurpose entertainment and sports venue, can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events. It occupies the site of the demolished [[Saint Paul Civic Center]]. The Xcel Energy Center hosts the [[Minnesota high school boys hockey]] tournament, the Minnesota high school girls' volleyball tournament, and concerts throughout the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in the US by [[ESPN]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About Xcel Energy Center |publisher=Minnesota Twins |url=http://www.minnesotatwinstickets.com/venues/xcel-energy-center-tickets.php |access-date=October 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812163117/http://www.minnesotatwinstickets.com/venues/xcel-energy-center-tickets.php |archive-date=August 12, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:CJ silks August.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Two [[Circus Juventas]] students on [[Aerial silk|silks]]]]
The [[St. Paul Saints]] are the city's [[Minor League Baseball]] team, which plays in the [[International League]] as an affiliate of the [[Minnesota Twins]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Mayo |first=Jonathan |title=MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/new-minor-league-baseball-structure |website=Major League Baseball |date=February 12, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306212148/https://www.mlb.com/news/new-minor-league-baseball-structure |url-status=live}}</ref> There have been several different teams called the Saints over the years. Founded in 1884, they were shut down in 1961 after the Minnesota Twins moved to [[Bloomington, Minnesota|Bloomington]]. The Saints were brought back in 1993 as an independent baseball team in the [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|Northern League]], moving to the [[American Association of Professional Baseball|American Association]] in 2006. They joined affiliated baseball in 2021. Their home games are played at the open-air [[CHS Field]] in downtown's [[Lowertown Historic District (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Lowertown Historic District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Paul Baseball History |publisher=[[St. Paul Saints]] |url=http://www.saintsbaseball.com/team/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717011141/http://saintsbaseball.com/team/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 17, 2006 |access-date=August 13, 2008}}</ref> Four noted Major League All-Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul: Hall of Fame outfielder [[Dave Winfield]], Hall of Fame infielder [[Paul Molitor]], Hall of Fame pitcher [[Jack Morris]], and first baseman [[Joe Mauer]]. The all-black [[St. Paul Colored Gophers]] played four seasons in Saint Paul from 1907 to 1911.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sheldon |first=Mark |title=Colored Gophers made history |website=MLB.com |date=February 7, 2003 |url=http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20030207&content_id=198142&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=null |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117045528/http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20030207&content_id=198142&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=null |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 17, 2008 |access-date=October 30, 2007}}</ref>
The [[St. Paul Twin Stars]] of the [[National Premier Soccer League]] play their home games at Macalester Stadium.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |publisher=[[St. Paul Twin Stars]] |url=http://minnesotatwinstars.com/crbst_6.html |access-date=December 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712085512/http://minnesotatwinstars.com/crbst_6.html |archive-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> St. Paul's first [[curling]] club was founded in 1888. The current club, the [[St. Paul Curling Club]], was founded in 1912 and is the largest curling club in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the St. Paul Curling Club |publisher=Saint Paul Curling Club |url=http://www.stpaulcurlingclub.org/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216100123/http://www.stpaulcurlingclub.org/about/history.html |archive-date=February 16, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Minnesota Roller Derby]] is a flat-track [[roller derby]] league based in the [[Roy Wilkins Auditorium]], made up of women and gender expansive athletes. Minnesota's oldest athletic organization, the [[Minnesota Boat Club Boathouse on Raspberry Island|Minnesota Boat Club]], resides in the Mississippi River on [[Raspberry Island (Minnesota)|Raspberry Island]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota Boat Club |url=http://www.boatclub.org/ |access-date=August 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511163726/http://www.boatclub.org/ |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saint Paul is also home to [[Circus Juventas]], the largest [[circus arts]] school in [[North America]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=''Pioneer Press'' staff |title=Tickets for Circus Juventas summer show announced |url=http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_20890920/tickets-circus-juventas-summer-show-announced |access-date=October 4, 2014 |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |date=June 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115212408/http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_20890920/tickets-circus-juventas-summer-show-announced |archive-date=January 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On March 25, 2015, [[Major League Soccer]] announced that it had awarded its 23rd MLS franchise to [[Minnesota United FC]], a team from the lower-level [[North American Soccer League (2011–2017)|North American Soccer League]]. [[William W. McGuire|Bill McGuire]] and his ownership group, which includes [[Jim Pohlad]] of the [[Minnesota Twins]], [[Glen Taylor]] of the [[Minnesota Timberwolves]], former [[Minnesota Wild]] investor Glen Nelson, and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the [[Carlson Companies|Carlson]] hospitality company, had intended to build a privately financed [[soccer-specific stadium]] in [[Downtown Minneapolis]] near the Minneapolis Farmer's Market. But their plan was met with heavy opposition from former Minneapolis Mayor [[Betsy Hodges]], who said her city was suffering from "stadium fatigue" after building three stadiums for the [[Minnesota Twins]], [[Minnesota Vikings]] and the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers]], within a six-year span.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com/north/story/mls-fight-won-minnesota-united-fc-still-going-through-process-of-financing-facility-051915 |title=MLS fight won, Minnesota United still going through 'process' of financing facility |first=Phil |last=Ervin |date=May 19, 2015 |access-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211122253/http://www.foxsports.com/north/story/mls-fight-won-minnesota-united-fc-still-going-through-process-of-financing-facility-051915 |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> On July 1, 2015, after failing to reach an agreement with the city of Minneapolis, McGuire and his partners turned their focus to Saint Paul.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/blog/sports-business/2015/07/mls-st-paul-expansion-united-fc-misses-deadline.html |title=MLS Turns to St. Paul After United FC Misses Stadium Deadline for Expansion Rights |website=Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal |access-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705202609/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/blog/sports-business/2015/07/mls-st-paul-expansion-united-fc-misses-deadline.html |archive-date=July 5, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On October 23, 2015, Bill McGuire of Minnesota United FC and former Saint Paul Mayor [[Chris Coleman (politician)|Chris Coleman]] announced that a privately financed soccer-specific stadium would be built on the vacant [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] bus barn site in Saint Paul's Midway neighborhood near the intersection of [[Minnesota State Highway 51|Snelling Avenue]] and [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-Saint Paul)|University Avenue]]. It is midway between downtown Saint Paul and downtown Minneapolis. The stadium, [[Allianz Field]], opened in April 2019 and seats 19,400.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mnufc.com/stadium/fast-facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712172626/https://www.mnufc.com/stadium/fast-facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 12, 2017 |title=Fast Facts |website=mnufc.com}}</ref> The team began playing in the MLS in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/look-minnesota-united-plays-first-mls-home-match-in-the-pouring-snow/ |title=Look: Minnesota United plays first MLS home match in the pouring snow |first=Roger |last=Gonzalez |date=March 12, 2017 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180234/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/look-minnesota-united-plays-first-mls-home-match-in-the-pouring-snow/ |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On May 15, 2018, the [[Minnesota Whitecaps]] joined the [[Premier Hockey Federation]] (the former National Women's Hockey League)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/sports/nwhl-rebrands-premier-hockey-federation-entering-7th-year/3258432/ |title=NWHL Rebrands to 'Premier Hockey Federation' to Promote Inclusivity, Inspire Youth |date=September 7, 2021 |first=John |last=Wawrow |work=WNBC |access-date=November 9, 2021 |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020030139/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/sports/nwhl-rebrands-premier-hockey-federation-entering-7th-year/3258432/ |url-status=live}}</ref> as its fifth franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/sports/mn-whitecaps-join-national-womens-hockey-league/89-552273434 |title=MN Whitecaps join National Women's Hockey League |first=Dana |last=Thiede |date=May 15, 2018 |website=kare11.com |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310193457/https://www.kare11.com/article/sports/mn-whitecaps-join-national-womens-hockey-league/89-552273434 |url-status=live}}</ref> Founded in 2004, the team originally played in the [[Western Women's Hockey League]] before going independent in 2010 when that league folded. The Whitecaps play their home games at [[TRIA Rink]], a 1,200-seat arena and practice facility in downtown Saint Paul.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theicegarden.com/2018/6/27/17509176/details-emerge-on-minnesota-whitecaps-upcoming-nwhl-season-schedule-air-travel-tria-rink-wild |title=The Whitecaps will call TRIA Rink home |first1=Erica |last1=Ayala |first2=Mike |last2=Murphy |date=June 27, 2018 |website=theicegarden.com |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175724/https://www.theicegarden.com/2018/6/27/17509176/details-emerge-on-minnesota-whitecaps-upcoming-nwhl-season-schedule-air-travel-tria-rink-wild |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The team began playing in the PHF in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nwhl.zone/news_article/show/937078 |title=2018–19 NWHL Schedule Released |date=August 26, 2018 |website=nwhl.zone |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175719/https://www.nwhl.zone/news_article/show/937078 |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[Minnesota Timberwolves|Timberwolves]], [[Minnesota Twins|Twins]], [[Minnesota Vikings|Vikings]], and [[Minnesota Lynx|Lynx]] all play in [[Minneapolis]].<ref name="meetmpls">{{cite web |title=Professional Sports |url=http://www.minneapolis.org/page/minnesota-professional-sports-teams.jsp |publisher=Meet Minneapolis |access-date=February 14, 2011 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201153832/http://www.minneapolis.org/page/minnesota-professional-sports-teams.jsp |archive-date=December 1, 2008}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+ Professional sports in Saint Paul
|-
! Club !! Sport !! League !! Venue (capacity) !! Championships
|-
| [[Minnesota Wild]] || [[Ice hockey]] || [[National Hockey League]] || [[Xcel Energy Center]] (17,954) ||
|-
| [[Minnesota Whitecaps]] || [[Ice hockey]] || [[Premier Hockey Federation]] || [[TRIA Rink]] (1,200) || [[Clarkson Cup]]: 2010
[[Isobel Cup]]: 2019
|-
|[[Minnesota United FC (MLS)|Minnesota United FC]] || [[Soccer]] || [[Major League Soccer]] || [[Allianz Field]] (19,400) || [[North American Soccer League (2011–2017)|NASL]]: 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2011/10/30/nsc-minnesota-stars-win-the-2011-nasl-championship/ |title=NSC Minnesota Stars Win the 2011 NASL Championship |first=Brian |last=Quarstad |date=October 30, 2011 |access-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211014110/http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2011/10/30/nsc-minnesota-stars-win-the-2011-nasl-championship/ |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/6105/north-american-soccer-league/2014/06/08/4868343/minnesota-united-crowned-2014-nasl-spring-champion |title=Minnesota United crowned 2014 NASL spring champion |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401070002/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/6105/north-american-soccer-league/2014/06/08/4868343/minnesota-united-crowned-2014-nasl-spring-champion |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Minnesota Wind Chill]] || [[Ultimate (sport)|Ultimate]] || [[American Ultimate Disc League]] || [[Sea Foam Stadium]] (3,500) ||
|-
| [[St. Paul Saints]] || [[Baseball]] || [[International League]] || [[CHS Field]] (7,210) || [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|NL]]: 1993, 1995, 1996, and 2004
[[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball|AA]]: 2019
|}
==Government and politics==
{{Main|Government and politics in Saint Paul, Minnesota|List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota}}
[[File:Minnesota State Capitol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Minnesota State Capitol]]]]
Saint Paul has a variant of the [[Mayor–council government#Strong-mayor form|strong mayor–council]] form of government.<ref name="Type">{{Cite web |url=http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/DocumentView.asp?DID=1114 |title=Description of Saint Paul's Form of Government |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=2008 Mayor's Proposed Budget |format=pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211013246/http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/DocumentView.asp?DID=1114 |archive-date=December 11, 2008}}</ref> The mayor is the [[chief executive]] and [[chief administrative officer]] of the city and the seven-member city council is its legislative body.<ref name="Mayor">{{cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ac002.html#sec2.01. |title=Sec. 2.01. Chief executive |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Administrative Code}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Legislative">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html#sec4.01. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214074428/http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |title=Sec. 4.01. Legislative power |access-date=November 11, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter}}</ref> The mayor is elected by the entire city, while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards of approximately equal population.<ref name="Elective">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch002.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214100233/http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch002.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |title=Sec. 2.01. Elective officials |access-date=November 11, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter}}</ref><ref name="Wards">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214074428/http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |title=Sec. 4.01.2. Initial districts |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter}}</ref> Both the mayor and council members serve four-year terms.<ref name="Terms">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/code/ch002.html |title=Sec. 2.02. Terms |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030217103345/http://www.stpaul.gov/code/ch002.html |archive-date=February 17, 2003}}</ref> The [[List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota|current mayor]] is [[Melvin Carter (politician)|Melvin Carter]] ([[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party|DFL]]), Saint Paul's first African-American mayor. Aside from [[Norm Coleman]], who became a Republican during his second term, Saint Paul has not elected a Republican mayor since 1952.<ref name="HHH">{{cite web |url=http://www.hhh.umn.edu/img/assets/23537/Twin%20Cities%20Mayoral%20Historical%20Overview.pdf |title=Twin Cities Mayoral Historical Overview |access-date=January 1, 2008 |publisher=Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs |first=Eric J. |last=Ostermeier |work=Center for the Study of Politics and Governance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625180938/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/img/assets/23537/Twin%20Cities%20Mayoral%20Historical%20Overview.pdf |archive-date=June 25, 2008}}</ref>
[[File:Saint Paul City Hall.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse]]]]
The city is also the county seat of [[Ramsey County, Minnesota|Ramsey County]], named for [[Alexander Ramsey]], the state's first governor. The county once spanned much of the present-day metropolitan area and was originally to be named Saint Paul County after the city. Today it is geographically the smallest county and the most densely populated.<ref name="StP_RC_MMSP" /> Ramsey is the only home rule county in Minnesota; the seven-member Board of Commissioners appoints a county manager whose office is in the combination city hall/county courthouse along with the Minnesota Second Judicial Courts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/cb/charter/index.htm |title=Ramsey County Home Rule Charter |publisher=Ramsey County |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018202430/http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/cb/charter/index.htm |archive-date=October 18, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/pm/location.asp |title=Ramsey County Building Locations |year=2008 |publisher=Ramsey County |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221131900/http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/pm/location.asp |archive-date=December 21, 2008}}</ref> The nearby Law Enforcement Center houses the Ramsey County Sheriff's office.
===State and federal===
{{See also|Minnesota Legislature|Politics of Minnesota#Federal representation}}
[[File:2020 United States Presidential Election in St. Paul, Minnesota.svg|thumb|'''2020 Presidential Election by Precinct'''<br /> '''Biden:''' {{legend0|#86b6f2ff|50–60%}} {{legend0|#4389e3ff|60–70%}} {{legend0|#1666cbff|70–80%}} {{legend0|#0645b4ff|80–90%}}]]
Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The city hosts the capitol building, designed by Saint Paul resident [[Cass Gilbert]], and the [[Minnesota House of Representatives|House]] and [[Minnesota Senate|Senate]] office buildings. The [[Minnesota Governor's Residence]], which is used for some state functions, is on [[Summit Avenue (St. Paul)|Summit Avenue]]. The [[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]] (affiliated with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]) is headquartered in Saint Paul. Numerous state departments and services are also headquartered in Saint Paul, such as the [[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]].
The city is split into four Minnesota Senate districts (64, 65, 66 and 67) and eight Minnesota House of Representatives districts (64A, 64B, 65A, 65B, 66A, 66B, 67A and 67B), all of which are held by Democrats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota Senate Maps & Data |work=Geographic Information Services |publisher=Minnesota State Legislature |year=2007 |url=http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/senmapdata.htm |access-date=July 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916201446/http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/senmapdata.htm |archive-date=September 16, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota House Maps & Data |work=Geographic Information Services |publisher=Minnesota State Legislature |year=2007 |url=http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/hsemapdata.htm |access-date=July 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916201441/http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/hsemapdata.htm |archive-date=September 16, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Saint Paul is the heart of [[Minnesota's 4th congressional district]], represented by Democrat [[Betty McCollum]]. The district has been in DFL hands without interruption since 1949. Minnesota is represented in the US [[United States Senate|Senate]] by Democrat [[Amy Klobuchar]], a former [[Hennepin County]] Attorney, and Democrat [[Tina Smith]], former Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
! colspan="26"|Minnesota House and Senate districts
|-
! ! colspan="4" |[[Minnesota Senate|Senate]]
! ! colspan="4" |[[Minnesota House of Representatives|House]]
|-
!
! Name
! First elected
! Party
!
! Name
! First elected
! Party
|-
! rowspan="2"| 64
|rowspan="2"| [[Erin Murphy (politician)|Erin Murphy]]
|rowspan="2"| 2020
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 64A
| [[Kaohly Her]]
| 2018
| DFL
|-
! 64B
| [[Dave Pinto]]
| 2014
| DFL
|-
! rowspan="2"| 65
|rowspan="2"| [[Sandy Pappas]]
|rowspan="2"| 1990
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 65A
| [[Rena Moran]]
| 2010
| DFL
|-
! 65B
| [[Carlos Mariani]]
| 1990
| DFL
|-
! rowspan="2"| 66
|rowspan="2"| [[John Marty]]*
|rowspan="2"| 1992
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 66A
| [[John Lesch]]
| 2002
| DFL
|-
! 66B
| [[Alice Hausman]]*
| 1989
| DFL
|-
! rowspan="2"| 67
|rowspan="2"| [[Foung Hawj]]
|rowspan="2"| 2012
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 67A
| [[Tim Mahoney (Minnesota politician)|Tim Mahoney]]
| 1998
| DFL
|-
! 67B
| [[Jay Xiong]]
| 2018
| DFL
|}
<small>*District also includes [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]], [[Lauderdale, Minnesota|Lauderdale]] and [[Roseville, Minnesota|Roseville]].</small>
==Education==
{{Main|Education in Saint Paul, Minnesota}}
[[File:1930s HU STUDENTS.jpg|thumb|left|1930s-era students at [[Hamline University]] taking finals]]
Saint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita, behind [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]].<ref>{{cite news |last=El Nasser |first=Haya |title=Most livable? Depends on your definition |newspaper=USA TODAY |date=April 11, 2004 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-04-11-most-livable_x.htm |access-date=October 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015014745/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-04-11-most-livable_x.htm |archive-date=October 15, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Higher education institutions that call Saint Paul home include three public and eight private colleges and universities and five post-secondary institutions. Well-known colleges and universities include the [[Saint Catherine University]], [[Concordia University, Saint Paul|Concordia University]], [[Hamline University]], [[Macalester College]], and the [[University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)|University of St. Thomas]]. [[Metropolitan State University]] and [[Saint Paul College]], which focus on non-traditional students, are based in Saint Paul, as well as a law school, [[Mitchell Hamline School of Law]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Minnesota Department of Education |title=Post-Secondary Schools |url=http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_e8.jsp |year=2005 |access-date=March 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212044815/http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_e8.jsp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=December 12, 2006}}</ref>
The [[Saint Paul Public Schools]] district is the state's largest school district and serves approximately 39,000 students. The district is extremely diverse with students from families speaking 90 different languages, although only five languages are used for most school communication: English, Spanish, [[Hmong language|Hmong]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], and [[Somali language|Somali]]. The district runs 82 different schools, including 52 [[elementary school]]s, 12 [[middle school]]s, seven [[High school (North America)|high schools]], ten [[alternative school]]s, and one [[special education]] school, employing over 6,500 teachers and staff. The school district also oversees community education programs for pre-K and adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, [[GED]] Diploma, language programs, and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 2006, Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |author=Saint Paul Public Schools |url=http://www.spps.org/About_Us2.html |access-date=June 8, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604155234/http://www.spps.org/About_Us2.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=June 4, 2007 |author-link=Saint Paul Public Schools}}</ref> Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota's open enrollment statute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://education.state.mn.us/mde/Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/Public_School_Choice/Open_Enrollment/index.html |title=Open Enrollment |publisher=Minnesota Department of Education |access-date=November 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826062337/http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/Public_School_Choice/Open_Enrollment/index.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=August 26, 2010}}</ref>
A variety of [[K–12 (education)|K-12]] [[Private school|private]], [[Parochial school|parochial]], and public [[charter school]]s are also represented in the city. In 1992, Saint Paul became the first city in the US to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charter School Facts |publisher=MN Association of Charter Schools |url=http://www.mncharterschools.org/page/facts.jsp |access-date=November 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024195329/http://www.mncharterschools.org/page/facts.jsp <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref> Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools as well as 38 private schools.<ref>{{cite web |author=Minnesota Department of Education |title=Alphabetical List of Nonpublic Schools |url=http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c14.jsp |year=2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818090501/http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c14.jsp |archive-date=August 18, 2007}} and {{cite web |title=Charter Schools |url=http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c11.jsp |year=2005 |access-date=June 8, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601215335/http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c11.jsp |archive-date=June 1, 2007}}</ref> The [[Saint Paul Public Library]] system includes a central library, twelve branch locations, and a bookmobile.<ref name="libraries">{{cite web |title=Find a Location |url=https://sppl.bibliocommons.com/locations/?_ga=2.88332123.1135683607.1636131354-1299252754.1636131354/ |publisher=[[Saint Paul Public Library]] |access-date=November 5, 2021 |year=2021 |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105170222/https://sppl.bibliocommons.com/locations/?_ga=2.88332123.1135683607.1636131354-1299252754.1636131354%2F |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Media==
{{Main|Media in the Twin Cities}}
[[File:Minnesota Public Radio Ticker Saint Paul 15188440793 e36b211583 o.jpg|thumb|Minnesota Public Radio headquarters in downtown Saint Paul]]
Residents of Saint Paul can receive 10 broadcast television stations, five of which broadcast from within Saint Paul. One daily newspaper, the ''[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]'', two weekly neighborhood newspapers, the ''[[East Side Review]]'' and ''[[City Pages]]'' (owned by [[Star Tribune|The Star Tribune Company]]), and several monthly or semimonthly neighborhood papers serve the city. It was the only city in the United States with a population of 250,000 or more to see an increase in circulation of Sunday newspapers in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2007/11/05/daily4.html |first=Carissa |last=Wyant |title=Report: Daily newspaper circulation falls over 2% |date=November 5, 2007 |access-date=September 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103055449/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2007/11/05/daily4.html |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Several media outlets based in neighboring Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community, including the ''[[Star Tribune]]''. Saint Paul is home to [[Minnesota Public Radio]] (MPR), a three-format system that broadcasts on nearly 40 stations<ref>{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/radio/stations/ |title=Stations |year=2008 |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |access-date=August 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918201456/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/radio/stations/ |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> around the Midwest. MPR locally delivers news and information, classical, and The Current (which plays a wide variety of music). The station has 110,000 regional members and more than 800,000 listeners each week throughout the Upper Midwest, the largest audience of any regional public radio network.<ref name="MPRAbout">{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/mpr/ |title=Company Information |year=2008 |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |access-date=August 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918172247/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/mpr/ |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Also operating as part of [[American Public Media]], MPR's programming reaches five million listeners, most notably through ''[[Live from Here]]'', hosted by [[Chris Thile]] (previously known as ''[[A Prairie Home Companion]]'', hosted by [[Garrison Keillor]], who also lives in the city).<ref name="MPRAbout" /> The [[Fitzgerald Theater]], renamed in 1994 for Saint Paul native and novelist [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], is home to the show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/fitzgerald_theater/ |title=The Fitzgerald Theater |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |year=2008 |access-date=August 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918201102/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/fitzgerald_theater/ |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Transportation==
===Interstate and roadways===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=20%}}
'''Interstate Highways'''<br />
[[File:I-35E.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|Interstate 35E]]<br />
[[File:I-94 (MN).svg|25px]] [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|Interstate 94]]<br />
{{col-break|width=15%}}
'''US Highways'''<br />
[[File:US 10.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 10 in Minnesota|US 10]]<br />
[[File:US 52.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 52 in Minnesota|US 52]]<br />
[[File:US 61.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 61 in Minnesota|US 61]]<br />
{{col-break|width=65%}}
'''Minnesota Highways'''<br />
[[File:MN-5.svg|25px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 5|Highway 5]]<br />
[[File:MN-51.svg|25px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 51|Highway 51]]<br />
[[File:MN-280 wide.svg|25px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 280|Highway 280]]<br />
{{col-end}}
{{Clear|right}}
[[File:Saint Paul-2005-10-27.jpg|thumb|I-94 as it enters downtown Saint Paul from the west]]
Residents use [[Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|Interstate 35E]] running north–south and [[Interstate 94]] running east–west. Trunk highways include [[U.S. Route 52 in Minnesota|U.S. Highway 52]], [[Minnesota State Highway 280]], and [[Minnesota State Highway 5]]. St. Paul has several unique roads such as [[Ayd Mill Road]], Phalen Boulevard and [[Shepard Road/Warner Road]], which diagonally follow particular geographic features in the city. Biking is also gaining popularity, due to the creation of more paved [[Segregated cycle facilities|bike lanes]] that connect to other bike routes throughout the [[metropolitan area]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bike-n-Ride by bus |publisher=Metro Transit |url=http://www.metrotransit.org/serviceInfo/bikeByBus.asp |access-date=September 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820225846/http://www.metrotransit.org/serviceInfo/bikeByBus.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=August 20, 2007}}</ref> and the creation of [[Nice Ride Minnesota]], a seasonally operated nonprofit bicycle sharing and rental system that has over 1,550 bicycles and 170 stations in both Minneapolis and St. Paul.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/local/229475001.html |title=Nice Ride Minnesota: Ambitious plans set for 2014 season |website=[[Star Tribune]] |access-date=November 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031092913/http://www.startribune.com/local/229475001.html |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Downtown St. Paul has a five-mile (8 km) enclosed [[skyway]] system over 25 city blocks.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=N.S. |publisher=About, Inc., The New York Times Company |work=About.com |title=Skyways: Downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul Skyways |url=http://minneapolis.about.com/od/travelweather/a/skyways.htm |access-date=March 15, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105064423/http://minneapolis.about.com/od/travelweather/a/skyways.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The {{convert|563|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Avenue of the Saints]] connects St. Paul with [[St. Louis, Missouri]].
The layout of city streets and roads has often drawn complaints. While he was [[Governor of Minnesota]], [[Jesse Ventura]] appeared on the ''[[Late Show with David Letterman]]'',<ref>{{cite web |last=Khoo |first=Michael |title=The days of Jesse |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |date=December 15, 2002 |url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200212/16_khoom_ventura/ |access-date=September 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812220137/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200212/16_khoom_ventura/ |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and remarked that the streets were designed by "drunken Irishmen".<ref name="stumbles">{{cite news |title=Gov. Ventura Stumbles |newspaper=New York Times |date=February 6, 1999 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/26/us/gov-ventura-stumbles.html |access-date=September 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607123502/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/26/us/gov-ventura-stumbles.html |archive-date=June 7, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> He later apologized, though people had been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point.<ref name="stumbles" /> Some of the city's road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River, hilly topography, conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city, and grand plans only half-realized. Outside of downtown, the roads are less confusing, but most roads are named, rather than numbered, increasing the difficulty for non-natives to navigate.<ref>{{cite book |last=L. Empson |first=Donald |title=The Street Where You Live |year=2006 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |isbn=978-0-8166-4729-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/streetwhereyouli0000emps/page/17 17] |url=https://archive.org/details/streetwhereyouli0000emps/page/17}}</ref>
===Mass transit===
[[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] provides bus service and light rail in the Minneapolis–St. Paul area. The [[METRO Green Line]] is an {{convert|11|mi|km|0|adj=on}} [[light rail]] line that connects downtown St. Paul to downtown Minneapolis with 14 stations in St. Paul. The Green Line runs west along [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul)|University Avenue]], through the [[University of Minnesota]] campus, until it links up and then shares stations with the [[Blue Line (Minnesota)|METRO Blue Line]] in downtown Minneapolis. Construction began in November 2010 and the line began service on June 14, 2014.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Metropolitan Council |title=Central Corridor next steps and timeline |date=April 2, 2007 |url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/centralcorridor.htm |access-date=April 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929121120/http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/centralcorridor.htm |archive-date=September 29, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2014/06/15/talking-points-green-line-opening-hailed-a-big-success/ |title=Talking Points: Green Line Opening Hailed A Big Success |first=Esme |last=Murphy |access-date=June 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022090528/http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2014/06/15/talking-points-green-line-opening-hailed-a-big-success/ |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Green Line averaged 42,500 rides per weekday in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kerr |first1=Drew |title=Light rail, Bus Rapid Transit lines set annual ridership records |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/light-rail-bus-rapid-transit-lines-set-annual-ridership-records |access-date=February 18, 2022 |work=Metro Transit |date=February 11, 2019 |archive-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524230051/https://www.metrotransit.org/light-rail-bus-rapid-transit-lines-set-annual-ridership-records |url-status=live}}</ref> Planning is underway for the [[Riverview Corridor]], a rail line that will connect downtown Saint Paul to the airport and Mall of America.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Janet |title=Early plans for streetcar route under Historic Fort Snelling raise concerns |url=https://www.startribune.com/riverview-corridor-streetcar-route-to-burrow-under-historic-fort-snelling/498936151/ |access-date=February 18, 2022 |work=Star Tribune |date=October 30, 2018 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218232323/https://www.startribune.com/riverview-corridor-streetcar-route-to-burrow-under-historic-fort-snelling/498936151/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[A Line (Minnesota)|METRO A Line]] opened in 2016 as Minneapolis–Saint Paul's first arterial [[bus rapid transit]] line. The A Line connects the Blue Line at [[46th Street (Metro Transit station)|46th Street station]] to [[Rosedale Center]] with a connection at the Green Line [[Snelling Avenue (Metro Transit station)|Snelling Avenue station]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.metrotransit.org/a-line-project |title=A-Line |access-date=August 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821001241/http://www.metrotransit.org/a-line-project |archive-date=August 21, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Future [[Metro (Minnesota)|METRO lines]] are planned that will serve Saint Paul with the [[Metro B Line|B Line]] and [[Metro E Line|E Line]] Line running primarily on arterial streets, and the [[Metro Gold Line (Minnesota)|Gold Line]] and [[Metro Purple Line (Minnesota)|Purple Line]] running primarily in their own right of way.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metro Network - Metro Transit |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/metro-network |website=www.metrotransit.org |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218232323/https://www.metrotransit.org/metro-network |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=Metro Transit seeks public feedback on B Line from downtown St. Paul to Uptown Minneapolis |url=https://www.twincities.com/2021/07/27/metro-transit-seeks-public-feedback-on-b-line-from-downtown-st-paul-to-uptown-minneapolis/ |access-date=February 18, 2022 |work=Twin Cities |date=July 27, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218232324/https://www.twincities.com/2021/07/27/metro-transit-seeks-public-feedback-on-b-line-from-downtown-st-paul-to-uptown-minneapolis/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Railroad===
[[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Empire Builder]]'' between [[Chicago]] and [[Seattle]] stops twice daily in each direction at the newly renovated [[Saint Paul Union Depot]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Amtrak |title=St. Paul-Minneapolis, MN (MSP) |url=http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/am2Station/Station_Page&c=am2Station&cid=1080080551718&ssid=85 |access-date=April 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404195900/http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak%2Fam2Station%2FStation_Page&c=am2Station&cid=1080080551718&ssid=85 |archive-date=April 4, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ridership on the train increased about 6% from 2005 to over 505,000 in fiscal year 2007.<ref name="SP_EB_WDN">{{cite news |last=Sommerhauser |first=Mark |title=Mayors claim more riders should spur more service on Amtrak line |work=[[Winona Daily News|The Winona Daily News]] |publisher=[[Lee Enterprises]] |date=July 24, 2008 |url=http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2008/07/24/news/00lead.txt |access-date=July 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801220458/http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2008/07/24/news/00lead.txt |archive-date=August 1, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A Minnesota Department of Transportation study found that increased daily service to Chicago should be economically viable, especially if it originates in St. Paul and does not experience delays from the rest of the western route of the Empire Builder.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.startribune.com/additional-twin-cities-chicago-rail-service-viable-study-finds/494081611/ |title=Additional Twin Cities-Chicago rail service viable, study finds |first=Janet |last=Moore |newspaper=Star Tribune |date=September 23, 2018 |access-date=November 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003724/http://www.startribune.com/additional-twin-cities-chicago-rail-service-viable-study-finds/494081611/ |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saint Paul is the site of the Pig's Eye Yard, a major freight [[classification yard]] for [[Canadian Pacific Railway]].<ref name="StP_PE_Rhodes">{{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Michael |title=North American Railyards |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |year=2003 |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota |pages=128 |isbn=978-0-7603-1578-1}}</ref> As of 2003, the yard handled over 1,000 freight cars per day.<ref name="StP_PE_Rhodes" /> Both [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]] and [[BNSF Railway|Burlington Northern Santa Fe]] run trains through the yard, though they are not classified at Pig's Eye.<ref name="StP_PE_Rhodes" /> Burlington Northern Santa Fe operates the large Northtown Yard in Minneapolis, which handles about 600 cars per day.<ref name="StP_NT_Rhodes">{{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Michael |title=North American Railyards |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |year=2003 |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota |pages=16 |isbn=978-0-7603-1578-1}}</ref> There are several other small yards located around the city.
[[File:20080312-StPaulDowntownAirport.jpg|thumb|Saint Paul Downtown Airport (Holman Field)]]
===Airports===
[[St. Paul Downtown Airport|Holman Airfield]] is across the river from downtown St. Paul. Lamprey Lake was there until the Army Corps of Engineers filled it with dredgings starting in the early 1920s. [[Northwest Airlines]] began initial operations from Holman in 1926. During WWII Northwest had a contract to install upgraded radar systems in [[B-24s]], employing 5,000 at the airfield. After WWII, Holman Airfield competed with the [[Speedway Field]] for the Twin Cities' growing aviation industry and lost out in the end. Today Holman is a [[FAA airport categories|reliever airport]] run by the [[Metropolitan Airports Commission]]. It is home to Minnesota's Air National Guard and a flight training school and is tailored to [[Companies based in Minneapolis–St. Paul|local corporate]] aviation. There are three runways, with the [[Holman Field Administration Building]] and [[Riverside Hangar]] on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="MAC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mspairport.com/relievers/st_paul/default.aspx |title=St. Paul Downtown Airport |access-date=November 19, 2007 |publisher=Metropolitan Airports Commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014840/http://www.mspairport.com/relievers/st_paul/default.aspx |archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> The historical importance of the original Northwest Airlines building was realized only after demolition commenced.
For the most part St. Paul's aviation needs are served by the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport]] (MSP), which sits on {{convert|2,930|acre|km2}} in the [[Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory]] bordering the city to the southwest. MSP serves 17 commercial passenger airlines<ref>{{cite web |title=Airlines |publisher=MSP Airport (mspairport.com) |url=https://www.mspairport.com/flights-and-airlines/airlines |access-date=June 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604225354/https://www.mspairport.com/flights-and-airlines/airlines |archive-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref> and is the hub of [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Mesaba Airlines]] and [[Sun Country Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Air Line Pilots Association |title=Pilot Groups |url=http://www.alpa.org/?tabid=183 |access-date=March 15, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709065118/http://www.alpa.org/?tabid=183 |archive-date=July 9, 2007}}</ref>
==Sister cities==
Saint Paul's [[Sister city|sister cities]] are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities and States of Minnesota |url=https://mn.gov/deed/business/exporting/about/sisters.jsp |website=mn.gov |publisher=Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=May 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516002147/https://mn.gov/deed/business/exporting/about/sisters.jsp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=St. Paul adds new sister city, Mogadishu. About a dozen others have that designation |url=https://www.twincities.com/2019/05/10/st-paul-mn-adds-a-new-sister-city-mogadishu/ |website=twincities.com |publisher=Twin Cities Pioneer Press |date=May 10, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012154052/https://www.twincities.com/2019/05/10/st-paul-mn-adds-a-new-sister-city-mogadishu/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Changsha]], China
*{{flagicon|SLV}} [[Usulután Department|Ciudad Romero]], El Salvador
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Culiacán]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|DJI}} [[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti City]], Djibouti
*{{flagicon|RSA}} [[George Local Municipality|George]], South Africa
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Modena]], Italy
*{{flagicon|SOM}} [[Mogadishu]], Somalia
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nagasaki]], Japan (from 1955 – the oldest sister city in Japan)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Neuss]], Germany
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Novosibirsk]], Russia
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tiberias]], Israel
{{div col end}}
==Notable people==
{{div col}}
* [[Walter Abel]] (1898–1987), actor
* [[Claude Henry Allen]] (1899–1974), Minnesota state legislator and lawyer
* [[Loni Anderson]] (born 1946), actress
* [[Louie Anderson]] (1953–2022), comedian
* [[Wendell Anderson]] (1933–2016), U.S. senator
* [[Richard Arlen]] (1899–1976), actor
* [[Merrill Ashley]] (born 1950), ballet dancer and ''répétiteur''
* [[Roger Awsumb]] (1928–2002), TV show host "Casey Jones"
* [[Azayamankawin]] ({{circa|1803}}–{{circa|1873}}), canoe ferry operator and entrepreneur known as "Old Bets"
* [[Ernest A. Beedle]] (1933–1968), Minnesota state legislator and lawyer
* [[Tony L. Bennett]] (1940–2022), Minnesota state legislator and police officer
* [[Harry Blackmun]] (1908–1999), U.S. Supreme Court associate justice, grew up in St. Paul
* [[Winfield S. Braddock]] (1848–1920), Wisconsin state assemblyman
* [[Herb Brooks]] (1937–2003), hockey coach
* [[Warren E. Burger]] (1907–1995), U.S. Supreme Court chief justice
* [[Margaret Mary Byrne]] (born 1949), Minnesota state legislator
* [[John T. Clawson]] (1945–2011), Minnesota state legislator and Lutheran minister
* [[Melva Clemaire]] (1874–1937), soprano singer
* [[Nia Coffey]] (born 1995), [[WNBA]] player
* [[Francis Roach Delano]] (1823–1887), state legislator
* [[Neil Dieterich]] (born 1943), state legislator and lawyer
* [[John Drew (Minnesota politician)|John Drew]] (1940–1997), Minnesota state legislator and businessman
* [[Robert Rankin Dunlap]] (1915–1992), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Kevin Eakin]] (born 1981), NFL player
* [[Leslie J. Edhlund]] (1911–1994), American politician and mechanical engineer
* [[Sarah K. England]], physiologist and biophysicist
* [[Eyedea]] (1981–2010), rap artist
* [[Ray W. Faricy]] (born 1934), Minnesota state legislator and lawyer
* [[Robert J. Ferderer]] (1934–2009), politician and businessman
* [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] (1896–1940), author
* [[George H. Gehan]] (1901–1968), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Michael J. George]] (1948–2010), state legislator and businessman
* [[Arthur T. Gibbons]] (1903–1986), state legislator and businessman
* [[Rollin Glewwe]] (1933–2020), state senator and businessman
* [[Conrad Gotzian]] (1835–1887), state legislator and merchant
* [[Karl F. Grittner]] (1922–2011), state legislator and educator
* [[William Sprigg Hall]] (1832–1875), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Daniel W. Hand]] (1869–1945), U.S. Army brigadier general<ref>{{cite news |date=October 13, 1945 |title=Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzxVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA250 |work=[[Army and Navy Journal]] |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Army and Navy Journal, Inc. |page=250 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref={{sfnRef|"Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand"}}}}</ref>
* [[Charles Robert Hansen]] (1909–2000), state senator and businessman
* [[Josh Hartnett]] (born 1978), actor
* [[Andrew Osborne Hayfield]] (1905–1981), businessman and state legislator
* [[Mitch Hedberg]] (1968–2005), comedian
* [[Hippo Campus]], indie rock band
* [[Paul Holmgren]] (born 1955), NHL player, general manager, president of Philadelphia Flyers
* [[Nellie A. Hope]] (1864–1918), violinist, music teacher, orchestra conductor
* [[JoAnna James]] (born 1980), singer/songwriter
* [[Timothy M. Kaine]] (born 1958), U.S. senator, [[governor of Virginia]]
* [[Rachel Keller (actress)|Rachel Keller]] (born 1992), actress
* [[Allan Kingdom]] (born 1993), rap artist
* [[Dick Kostohryz]] (1930–1994), police officer, businessman, and Minnesota state legislator
* [[Minneapolis Police Department|Thomas K. Lane]] (born 1983), former Minneapolis police officer who assisted [[Derek Chauvin]] in the [[murder of George Floyd]], born in St. Paul
* [[Jim Lange]] (1932–2014), TV presenter, game show host, and disc jockey
* [[Sunisa Lee]] (born 2003), Olympic gymnast and gold medalist
* [[Tony Levine]] (born 1972), football coach
* [[Joe Mauer]] (born 1983), MLB player
* [[Ryan McDonagh]] (born 1989), NHL player
* [[Robert O. McEachern]] (1927–2008), teacher and state legislator
* [[Margaret Bischell McFadden]], philanthropist and social worker
* [[Edwin H. Meihofer]] (1907–2003), labor union activist and state representative
* [[Frederick P. Memmer]] (1907–1984), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Peter J. Memmer]] (1886–1957), state senator and businessman
* [[Kate Millett]] (1934–2017), scholar, author, feminist
* [[Paul Molitor]] (born 1956), MLB player
* [[Jack Morris]] (born 1955), MLB player
* [[LeRoy Neiman]] (1921–2012), artist
* [[Thomas Warren Newcome]] (1923–2011), lawyer and state representative
* [[Kyle Okposo]] (born 1988), NHL player
* [[Sally Olsen (Minnesota politician)|Sally Olsen]] (1934–2022), lawyer and state legislator
* [[Bruce Olson]] (born 1941), missionary
* [[Joseph T. O'Neill]] (1931–2022), lawyer and state legislator
* [[Howard Orenstein]] (born 1955), state representative and lawyer
* [[Clifton T. Parks]] (1895–1976), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Tim Pawlenty]] (born 1960), governor of Minnesota
* [[Alfred E. Perlman]] (1902–1983), president of [[New York Central Railroad]] and its successor, [[Penn Central]]
* [[Walt Perlt]] (1927–2002), state representative
* [[Anthony Podgorski]] (1903–1987), businessman and state representative
* [[Joseph L. Prifrel]] (1905–1997), state representative, furrier, and businessman
* [[Robert W. Reif]] (1921–2011), state representative and physician
* [[Isaac Rosefelt]] (born 1985), American-Israeli basketball player
* [[Charles M. Schulz]] (1922–2000), cartoonist, born in Minneapolis, grew up in St. Paul
* [[Ervin Harold Schulz]] (1911–1978), businessman, newspaper editor, state representative, grew up in Saint Paul
* [[Chad Smith]] (born 1961), drummer of the [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] since 1988, born in Saint Paul
* [[William Smith (Paymaster general)|William Smith]] (1831–1912), [[paymaster-general of the United States Army]], worked in and retired to St. Paul<ref name="Marquis">{{cite book |editor-last=Marquis |editor-first=Albert N. |editor-link=Albert Nelson Marquis |date=1911 |title=Who's Who In America |volume=VI |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COkDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1785 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=A. N. Marquis |page=1785 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* [[Vernon L. Sommerdorf]] (1921–2009), state representative and physician
* [[Peter P. Stumpf Jr.]] (1948–2010), businessman and Minnesota state senator, born in Saint Paul
* [[Terrell Suggs]], NFL player
* [[Dennis Mark Sullivan]] (1841–1917), businessman, Saint Paul City Council member, state representative
* [[Frances Tarbox]] (1874–1959), composer
* [[John D. Tomlinson]] (1929–1992), Minnesota state legislator and businessman
* [[Fred Tschida]] (born 1949), artist, born in Saint Paul
* [[Kathleen Vellenga]] (born 1938), Minnesota state legislator and educator
* [[Lindsey Vonn]] (born 1984), Olympic skier and gold medalist
* [[DeWitt Wallace]] (1889–1981), magazine publisher and co-founder of ''Reader's Digest''
* [[Richard Ambrose Walsh]] (1862–1940), Minnesota state representative and lawyer
* [[Leslie L. Westin]] (1917–1985), American businessman, educator, and Minnesota state senator
* [[Dave Winfield]] (born 1951), MLB player
'''Medal of Honor recipients:'''
*Civil War: Private [[Marshall Sherman]], Co C 1st Minnesota captured [[28th Virginia battle flag|the flag]] of the [[28th Virginia Infantry]] at [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]]
*Indian Wars: Pvt. [[John Tracy (Medal of Honor)|John Tracy]] G Co. [[8th Cavalry Regiment|8th Cavalry]] Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, Apache War
*Indian Wars: [[Charles H. Welch (Medal of Honor)|Charles H. Welch]], I Co. [[9th Cavalry]] ([[Buffalo soldiers]]) [[Ghost Dance War]]
*Spanish-American War: Captain [[Jesse Dyer]] USMC, [[Battle of Vera Cruz|Vera Cruz]], Mexico
* World War II: Captain [[Richard E. Fleming|Richard Fleming]] USMC [[VMA-241]] Squadron, for whom [[South St. Paul Municipal Airport|Fleming Field]] is named
*Korean War: Lt. Colonel [[John U. D. Page|John Page]], U.S. Army, [[Battle of Chosin Reservoir]]
{{div col end}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Geography|North America|United States|Minnesota}}
* [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]
{{clear}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{sister project links|Saint Paul, Minnesota|wikt=Saint Paul|c=Category:Saint Paul, Minnesota|voy=Saint Paul|d=Q28848}}
* {{Official|https://www.stpaul.gov/}}
* [https://www.visitsaintpaul.com/ Official Tourism site]
* [https://video.tpt.org/video/tpt-documentaries-lowertown-rise-urban-village/ ''Lowertown: The Rise of an Urban Village''] – Documentary produced by [[Twin Cities PBS]]
{{City of Saint Paul}}
{{Saint Paul neighborhoods}}
{{navboxes
| title = Articles relating to Saint Paul and [[Ramsey County, Minnesota|Ramsey County]]
| list =
{{Ramsey County, Minnesota}}
{{Minnesota}}
{{United States state capitals}}
{{All-American City Award Hall of Fame}}
{{Minnesota cities and mayors of 100,000 population}}
{{Midwestern United States}}
{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
{{Minnesota county seats}}
}}
{{USPopulousCities}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Saint Paul, Minnesota| ]]
[[Category:1848 establishments in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Cities in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Cities in Ramsey County, Minnesota]]
[[Category:County seats in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]
[[Category:Minnesota populated places on the Mississippi River]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1848]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Capital city of Minnesota, United States}}
{{For|an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area|Minneapolis–Saint Paul}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saint Paul, Minnesota
| settlement_type = [[List of capitals in the United States|State capital city]]
| image_skyline =
{{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style = border:1;
| caption_align = center
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Saint Paul, Minnesota 9.jpg
| caption1 = [[Downtown Saint Paul]]
| image2 = Xcel Energy Center (15622401768).jpg
| caption2 = [[Xcel Energy Center]]
| image3 = James J. Hill House (1).jpg
| caption3 = [[James J. Hill House]]
| image4 = St Paul Cathedral 2012.jpg
| caption4 = [[Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota)|Cathedral of Saint Paul]]
| image5 = Smith Avenue High Bridge fall colors.jpg
| caption5 = [[Smith Avenue High Bridge]]
| image6 = Minnesota State Capitol 2017.jpg
| caption6 = [[Minnesota State Capitol]]}}
| image_flag = Flag of St. Paul, Minnesota.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Saint Paul, Minnesota
| image_seal = CitysealSaintPaul.gif
| nickname = "the Saintly City", "Twin Cities" (with [[Minneapolis]]), "Pig's Eye", "STP", "Last City of the East"
| named_for = [[St. Paul the Apostle]]
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=St. Paul|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
| mapsize = 300px
| map_caption = Interactive map of St. Paul
| coordinates = {{Coord|44|56|39|N|93|5|37|W|region:US-MN_type:city(310,000)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Minnesota|County]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Minnesota}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ramsey County, Minnesota|Ramsey]]
| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date = March 4, 1854
<!-- Area -->
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota|Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Melvin Carter (politician)|Melvin Carter]] ([[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party|DFL]])
| leader_title1 = Body
| leader_name1 = [[Saint Paul City Council]]
| total_type = City
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_27.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=July 24, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 145.31
| area_total_sq_mi = 56.10
| area_land_km2 = 134.61
| area_land_sq_mi = 51.97
| area_water_km2 = 10.70
| area_water_sq_mi = 4.13
| elevation_m = 214
| elevation_ft = 795
<!-- Population -->
| population_total = 311527
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est = 307193
| pop_est_as_of = 2021
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2021" />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)" />
| population_density_km2 = 2314.32
| population_density_sq_mi = 5994.02
| population_metro = 3690512 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical area|16th]])
| population_rank = US: [[List of United States cities by population|67th]] MN: [[List of cities in Minnesota|2nd]]
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1 = Saint Paulite
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code = 55101–55108, 55114, 55116, 55117, 55119, 55130
| area_code = [[Area code 651|651]]
| timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset = -6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = -5
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 27-58000
| blank1_name_sec1 = Major airport
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = Public transportation
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.stpaul.gov/|stpaul.gov}}
}}
'''Saint Paul''' (abbreviated '''St. Paul''') is the [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Minnesota]] and the [[county seat]] of [[Ramsey County, Minnesota|Ramsey County]].<ref name="StP_RC_MMSP">{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Ramsey County |url=http://www.metromsp.org/Communities/ramsey.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708184922/http://metromsp.org/Communities/ramsey.htm |archive-date=July 8, 2008 |access-date=July 30, 2008 |work=Metro MSP |publisher=Minneapolis Regional Chamber Development Foundation}}</ref> The city is situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Capital City Partnership |year=2006 |title=A City Where People Work |url=http://www.capitalcitypartnership.com/stpaulmrkt/work.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427204014/http://capitalcitypartnership.com/stpaulmrkt/work.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=April 27, 2008 |access-date=August 15, 2008 |publisher=Capital City Partnership}}</ref> The [[Minnesota State Capitol]] and the state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city's downtown district. One of the oldest cities in Minnesota, Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks, such as the [[Summit Avenue (St. Paul)|Summit Avenue Neighborhood]], the [[James J. Hill House]], and the [[Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota)|Cathedral of Saint Paul]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Saint Paul |url=https://www.stpaul.gov/residents/live-saint-paul/about-saint-paul |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=Saint Paul, Minnesota |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201042903/https://www.stpaul.gov/residents/live-saint-paul/about-saint-paul |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Paul: Minnesota's Livable & Dynamic Capital City |url=https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/planning-and-economic-development/saint-paul-minnesotas-livable-dynamic-capital-city |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=Saint Paul, Minnesota |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201042903/https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/planning-and-economic-development/saint-paul-minnesotas-livable-dynamic-capital-city |url-status=live}}</ref> Like the adjacent and larger city of [[Minneapolis]], Saint Paul is known for its cold, snowy winters and humid summers.
According to census estimates, in 2021 the city's population was 307,193, making it the [[List of United States cities by population|67th-largest city]] in the [[United States]] and the second-most populous in Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2019 |title=Cleveland.com News |url=https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2018/05/cleveland_is_nations_27th_most.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 28, 2022 |website=Cleveland.com |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126132132/https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2018/05/cleveland_is_nations_27th_most.html}}</ref><ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=April 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421033121/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the city lies east of the Mississippi River near its confluence with the [[Minnesota River]]. Minneapolis is mostly across the Mississippi River to the west. Together, they are known as the "Twin Cities" and make up the core of [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]] [[List of metropolitan areas of the United States|metropolitan area]], the third most populous metro in the Midwest.<ref name="population-metroarea">{{cite web |title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas on July 1, 2018 Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2018/index.html |access-date=June 1, 2018 |date=June 1, 2018}}{{dead link|date=June 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [https://www.apartmentsinstpaul.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PEP_2018_GCTPEPANNR.US23PR.pdf Alt URL]{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The Legislative Assembly of the [[Minnesota Territory]] established the Town of St. Paul as its capital near existing [[Dakota Sioux]] settlements in November 1849. It remained a town until 1854. The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is "Imnizaska" for the "white rock" bluffs along the river.<ref>Fun Facts, Visit St. Paul, Official Convention and Visitors Bureau webpage, 175 West Kellogg Boulevard,Suite 502, Saint Paul, MN [https://www.visitsaintpaul.com/discover-saint-paul/fun-facts-famous-saint-paulites/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927102111/https://www.visitsaintpaul.com/discover-saint-paul/fun-facts-famous-saint-paulites/|date=September 27, 2020}}</ref> The city has two sports venues: [[Xcel Energy Center]], home to the [[Minnesota Wild]], and [[Allianz Field]], home to [[Minnesota United FC|Minnesota United]].<ref name="StP_Hockey_returns">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/12/17/sports/main257971.shtml |title=Stars Can't Go Home Again |agency=Associated Press |work=CBS Sports |access-date=July 30, 2008 |date=December 17, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211172434/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/12/17/sports/main257971.shtml |archive-date=December 11, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Saint Paul has a [[mayor–council government]]. The current mayor is [[Melvin Carter (politician)|Melvin Carter III]], who was first elected in 2018.
==History==
{{Main|History of Saint Paul, Minnesota}}
[[File:Indian Mounds park.jpg|thumb|left|A burial mound at [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]]]]
Burial mounds in present-day [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]] suggest the area was inhabited by the [[Hopewell tradition|Hopewell]] Native Americans about 2,000 years ago.<ref name="Trimble">{{cite web |last=Trimble |first=Steve |title=A Short history of Indian Mounds Park |work=Neighborhood Pride Celebration |publisher=daytonsbluff.org |date=July 2, 2000 |url=http://www.daytonsbluff.org/old/AShortHistoryofMoundsPark.html |access-date=December 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501184552/http://www.daytonsbluff.org/old/AShortHistoryofMoundsPark.html |archive-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Mounds Park |work=Mississippi National River and recreation Area |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/indimoun.htm |access-date=December 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118001409/http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/indimoun.htm |archive-date=January 18, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> From the early 17th century to 1837, the [[Mdewakanton|Mdewakanton Dakota]], a tribe of the [[Sioux]], lived near the mounds after being displaced from their ancestral grounds by [[Mille Lacs Lake]] from advancing [[Ojibwe]].<ref name="Trimble" /><ref name="DakotaLife">{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.bloomington.mn.us/main_top/2_facilities/rec_facility/pond/signs/dakota_life/dakota_life.htm |title=Dakota Life |first=Mark |last=Morrison |publisher=City of Bloomington |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501122521/http://www.ci.bloomington.mn.us/main_top/2_facilities/rec_facility/pond/signs/dakota_life/dakota_life.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2008}}</ref> The Dakota called the area ''Imniza-Ska'' ("white cliffs") for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on the river's eastern side.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/adakotaenglishd00rigggoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/adakotaenglishd00rigggoog/page/n211 197] |quote=imniza ska. |title=A Dakota-English Dictionary |author1=Stephen Return Riggs |author2=James Owen Dorsey |publisher=University of Michigan |year=1892 |access-date=July 30, 2008}}</ref><ref name="NPS">{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/lambland.htm |title=Lambert's Landing |publisher=National Park Services |date=July 27, 2006 |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925172925/http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/lambland.htm |archive-date=September 25, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Imniza-Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota. The explorer [[Jonathan Carver]] documented the historic Wakan tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767. In the [[Menominee language]] St. Paul was called ''Sāēnepān-Menīkān'', which means "ribbon, silk or satin village", suggesting its role in trade throughout the region after the introduction of European goods.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/chart.aspx |title=Menominee Place Names in Wisconsin |last=Hoffman |first=Mike |website=The Menominee Clans Story |access-date=October 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005112532/https://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/chart.aspx |archive-date=October 5, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
After the 1803 [[Louisiana Purchase]], U.S Army Lieutenant [[Zebulon Pike]] negotiated approximately {{convert|100000|acre|ha sqmi}} of land from the indigenous Dakota in 1805 to establish a fort. A military reservation was intended for the confluence of the [[Mississippi river|Mississippi]] and [[Minnesota river]]s on both sides of the Mississippi up to [[Saint Anthony Falls]]. All of what is now the Highland park neighborhood was included in this. Pike planned a second military reservation at the confluence of the [[St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)|St. Croix]] and Mississippi rivers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.minnesotahistorycenter.org/exhibits/territory/territory/treaty/treaty4.html |title=The Treaty Story |publisher=Minnesota History Center |year=1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105010630/http://www.minnesotahistorycenter.org/exhibits/territory/territory/treaty/treaty4.html |archive-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> In 1819, [[Fort Snelling]] was built at the Minnesota and Mississippi confluence. The 1837 Treaty with the Sioux ceded all tribal lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm |title=Treaty with the Sioux, 1837 |date=September 29, 1837 |website=Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties |publisher=Oklahoma State University Library |access-date=July 15, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201174618/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm |archive-date=December 1, 2008}}</ref> [[Taoyateduta|Chief Little Crow V]] moved his village, [[Kaposia]], from south of Mounds Park across the river a few miles onto Dakota land.<ref>1983 Survey Dist 1.pdf - Historic Saint Paul, Historic Saint Paul website, 400 Landmark Center, 75 West 5th Street, Saint Paul, MN [https://www.historicsaintpaul.org/sites/default/files/1983%20Survey%20Dist%201.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127235806/https://www.historicsaintpaul.org/sites/default/files/1983%20Survey%20Dist%201.pdf|date=November 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |editor-last=Kappler |editor-first=Charles J., Washington: GPO |title=Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties |volume=II (Treaties, 1778–1883) |year=1904 |publisher=Oklahoma State University Library}}. and {{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm#mn1 |title=Treaty with the Sioux |date=September 29, 1837 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201174618/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm |archive-date=December 1, 2008}} and {{cite web |title=Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm |date=July 23, 1851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616144255/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm |archive-date=June 16, 2008}} and {{cite web |title=Treaty With the Sioux—Mdewakanton and Wapahkoota Bands |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm |date=August 5, 1851 |access-date=June 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711133037/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2007}}</ref> Fur traders, explorers, and settlers came to the area for the fort's security. Many were French-Canadians who predated American pioneers by some time. A whiskey trade flourished among the squatters and the fort's commander evicted them all from the fort's reservation. Fur trader turned [[rum-running|bootlegger]] [[Pierre Parrant|"Pig's Eye" Parrant]], who set up business just outside the reservation, particularly irritated the commander.<ref name="StP_PE_Schaper">{{cite book |last1=Schaper |first1=Julie |last2=Horwitz |first2=Steven |title=Twin Cities Noir |publisher=Akashic Books |year=2006 |location=New York, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/twincitiesnoir0000scha/page/16 16] |url=https://archive.org/details/twincitiesnoir0000scha |url-access=registration |isbn=978-1-888451-97-9 |access-date=July 28, 2008}}</ref><ref name="NPS" /> By the early 1840s, a community had developed nearby that locals called ''Pig's Eye'' (French: ''L'Œil du Cochon'') or ''Pig's Eye Landing'' after Parrant's popular tavern.<ref name="StP_PE_Schaper" /> In 1842, a raiding party of Ojibwe attacked the Kaposia encampment south of St. Paul. A battle ensued where a creek drained into wetlands two miles south of Wakan Tipi.<ref>Carver's Cave- Subterranean Twin Cities, Ramsey County History, G.A. Brick, p.17 [http://www.gregbrick.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Carvers_Cave_RCH_Spr_09.10462411.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128191922/http://www.gregbrick.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Carvers_Cave_RCH_Spr_09.10462411.pdf|date=November 28, 2020}}</ref> The creek was thereafter called Battle Creek and is today parkland. In the 1840s-70s the [[Métis]] brought their oxen and [[Red River Carts]] down Kellogg Street to Lambert's landing to send [[American Bison|buffalo]] hides to market from the [[Red River of the North]]. St. Paul was the southern terminus of the [[Red River Trails]]. In 1840, [[Pierre Bottineau]] became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement's center.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Pierre-Bottineau/6000000025889497293 |title=Pierre Bottineau, GENi, Joe Eickhoff, July 2020 |access-date=September 4, 2020 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429043351/https://www.geni.com/people/Pierre-Bottineau/6000000025889497293 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1841, Catholic missionary [[Lucien Galtier]] was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota. He had a chapel he named for [[Paul the Apostle|St. Paul]] built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cathedralsaintpaul.org/about/history.asp |title=Overview of the Cathedral |publisher=Cathedral of Saint Paul |year=2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806222821/http://cathedralsaintpaul.org/about/history.asp |archive-date=August 6, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mnaatf.org/LucienGaltierPMougel.pdf |title=Catholicisme dans le Midwest Lucien Galtier et l'origine du nom de la capitale du Minnesota |first=Patricia |last=Mougel |publisher=Reflets de l'étoile du nord |volume=27 |issue=3 |date=June 2007 |language=fr |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909212452/http://mnaatf.org/LucienGaltierPMougel.pdf |archive-date=September 9, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel's name for the settlement and cease the use of "Pigs Eye".<ref name="StP_PE_Schaper" /> In 1847, New York educator [[Harriet Bishop]] moved to the settlement and opened the city's first school.<ref name="Gilman">{{cite book |last=Gilman |first=Rhonda R. |title=The Story of Minnesota's Past |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |year=1989 |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota |pages=99–104 |isbn=978-0-87351-267-1}}</ref> The [[Minnesota Territory]] was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital. The U.S. Army made the territory's first improved road, Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road, in 1850. It passed through what became St. Paul neighborhoods.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/roadsides/historic/files/iforms/RA-SPC-2928.pdf |title=MNDOT Historic Roadside Development Structures Inventory, RA-SPC-2928 |access-date=September 9, 2020 |archive-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019074027/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/roadsides/historic/files/iforms/RA-SPC-2928.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1857, the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to [[St. Peter, Minnesota|Saint Peter]], but [[Joe Rolette]], a territorial legislator, stole the text of the bill and went into hiding, preventing the move.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rolette, Jr., Joseph "Joe" |work=Minnesota Legislators Past & Present |publisher=Minnesota Legislature |url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=14571 |access-date=July 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229135501/http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=14571 |archive-date=December 29, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul.jpg|thumb|Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul]]
The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul,<ref name="Gilman" /> making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or [[Dakota Territory]]. Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub. The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley's topography. For a time, Saint Paul was called "The Last City of the East."<ref name="OAH" /> Fort Snelling was important to St. Paul from the start. Direct access from St. Paul did not happen until the 7th bridge was built in 1880. Before that, there was a cable ferry crossing dating to at latest the 1840s. Once streetcars appeared, a new bridge to St. Paul was built in 1904. Until the town built its first jail the fort's brig served St. Paul. Industrialist [[James J. Hill]] founded his railroad empire in St. Paul. The [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] and the [[Northern Pacific Railway]] were both headquartered in St. Paul until they merged with the [[Burlington Northern]]. Today they are part of the BNSF Railway.<ref name="OAH">{{Cite web |url=http://www.oah.org/pubs/nl/2007feb/wingerd.html |title=Separated at Birth: The Sibling Rivalry of Minneapolis and St. Paul |access-date=November 19, 2007 |publisher=Organization of American Historians |first=Mary Lethert |last=Wingerd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707020313/http://www.oah.org/pubs/nl/2007feb/wingerd.html |archive-date=July 7, 2012}}</ref>
On August 20, 1904, severe [[thunderstorm]]s and [[tornado]]es damaged hundreds of downtown buildings, causing $1.78 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.78|1904|r=2}}}} million today) in damages and ripping spans from the [[High Bridge (St. Paul)|High Bridge]].<ref name="gendisasters">{{cite web |title=St. Paul, Minneapolis and other cities in Minnesota suffer from gale. |publisher=GenDisasters.com |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/mn/tornadoes/stpaul-minneapolis-tornado-aug1904.htm |access-date=March 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022194814/http://gendisasters.com/data1/mn/tornadoes/stpaul-minneapolis-tornado-aug1904.htm |archive-date=October 22, 2007}}</ref> During the 1960s, in conjunction with [[urban renewal]], Saint Paul razed neighborhoods west of downtown for the creation of the interstate freeway system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/112rondo.html |title=Rondo Neighborhood & the Building of I-94 |year=2008 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |access-date=July 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204100958/http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/112rondo.html |archive-date=February 4, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1959 to 1961, the [[Rondo Neighborhood]] was demolished for the construction of [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|Interstate 94]]. The loss of that [[African American]] enclave brought attention to [[racial segregation]] and unequal housing in northern cities.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Effects of a Freeway Displacement on Racial Housing Segregation in a Northern City |first=F. James |last=Davis |jstor=273848 |pages=209–215 |volume=26 |issue=3 |journal=Phylon |year=1965 |doi=10.2307/273848}}</ref> The annual [[Rondo Days]] celebration commemorates the African American community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rondoaveinc.org/history.html |title=Rondo Days official site |publisher=Rondo Avenue Inc. |access-date=August 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501191637/http://www.rondoaveinc.org/history.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=May 1, 2008}}</ref>
Downtown St. Paul had skyscraper-building booms beginning in the 1970s. Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction. The tallest buildings, such as [[Galtier Plaza]] (Jackson and Sibley Towers), The Pointe of Saint Paul condominiums, and the city's tallest building, [[Wells Fargo Place]] (formerly Minnesota World Trade Center), were constructed in the late 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=102508 |title=Tallest skyscrapers of Saint Paul |publisher=Emporis |year=2008 |access-date=August 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518162025/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=102508 |archive-date=May 18, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 1990s and 2000s, the tradition of bringing new immigrant groups to the city continued. As of 2004, nearly 10% of the city's population were recent [[Hmong people|Hmong]] immigrants from [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], and [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hmong Refugee Resettlement |publisher=Minnesota Council of Non-Profits |url=http://www.mncn.org/hmongbriefing.htm |access-date=March 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202073035/http://www.mncn.org/hmongbriefing.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=February 2, 2008}}</ref> Saint Paul is the location of the [[Hmong Archives]].<ref name="ht">{{cite news |last=Moua |first=Teng |title=Hmong Archives Reaches a Milestone |url=http://www.hmongtoday.com/page11501913.aspx |access-date=December 18, 2010 |newspaper=Hmong Today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515131920/http://www.hmongtoday.com/page11501913.aspx |archive-date=May 15, 2011}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Meeker Island Lock and Dam.jpg|thumb|The [[Meeker Island]] Lock and Dam was the first lock and dam on the Mississippi River in 1902.]]
Saint Paul's history and growth as a landing port are tied to water. The city's defining physical characteristic, the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, was carved into the region during the [[Wisconsin glaciation|last ice age]], as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built. Receding [[glacier]]s and [[Lake Agassiz]] forced torrents of water from a [[Glacial River Warren|glacial river]] that served the river valleys.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mississippi: River Facts |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |date=August 14, 2006 |url=http://www.nps.gov/miss/riverfacts.htm |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106103328/http://www.nps.gov/miss/riverfacts.htm |archive-date=January 6, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is situated in east-central Minnesota.
The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of the city's west, southwest, and southeast sides. [[Minneapolis]], the state's largest city, lies to the west. [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]], [[Lauderdale, Minnesota|Lauderdale]], [[Roseville, Minnesota|Roseville]], and [[Maplewood, Minnesota|Maplewood]] are north, with Maplewood lying to the east. The cities of [[West St. Paul, Minnesota|West Saint Paul]] and [[South Saint Paul]] are to the south, as are [[Lilydale, Minnesota|Lilydale]], [[Mendota, Minnesota|Mendota]], and [[Mendota Heights]], across the river from the city. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, which is part of the Mississippi, [[Lake Phalen]], and [[Lake Como (Minnesota)|Lake Como]]. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|56.18|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|51.98|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|4.20|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=July 2, 2012}}</ref>
The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.startribune.com/10242/story/1518765.html |title=In St. Paul, they're passionate about parks |last=Havens |first=Chris |date=October 31, 2007 |newspaper=[[Star Tribune]] |access-date=November 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102083806/http://www.startribune.com/10242/story/1518765.html |archive-date=November 2, 2007 |url-status=dead |pages=AA1 |issn=0895-2825}}</ref> The city ranked #2 in park access and quality, after only [[Minneapolis]], in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit [[Trust for Public Land]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |title=ParkScore |website=www.parkscore.tpl.org |language=en-US |access-date=May 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524003623/http://www.parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php |archive-date=May 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Neighborhoods===
{{Main|Neighborhoods of Saint Paul}}
Saint Paul's Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into seventeen Planning Districts, created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use [[Community Development Block Grant]]s. With a funding agreement directly from the city, the councils share a pool of funds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Medcalf |first=Myron P. |title=St. Paul's neighborhood councils scrutinize their financial status |newspaper=Star Tribune |pages=B4 Local |date=September 11, 2007 |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/MN/lib00172,11997057F135EA68.html |access-date=July 28, 2008 |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310193453/https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MN&p_theme=mn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=11997057F135EA68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |url-status=live}}</ref> The councils have significant land-use control, a voice in guiding development, and they organize residents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/index.asp?nid=1859 |title=District Councils |publisher=City of Saint Paul |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211145517/http://www.stpaul.gov/index.asp?NID=1859 |archive-date=February 11, 2009}}</ref> The boundaries are adjusted depending on population changes; as such, they sometimes overlap established neighborhoods.<ref name="District Council">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cpn.org/topics/community/stpaul.html |title=Saint Paul Participation |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=Citizen Participation Project |work=Citizen Participation Project Case Studies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209093404/https://www.cpn.org/topics/community/stpaul.html |archive-date=December 9, 2007}}</ref> Though these neighborhoods changed over time, preservationists have saved many of their historically significant structures.
The city's 17 Planning Districts are:
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
# [[Southeast, Saint Paul|Sunray-Battle Creek-Highwood]]
# [[Greater East Side, Saint Paul|Greater East Side]]
# [[West Side, Saint Paul|West Side]]
# [[Dayton's Bluff, Saint Paul|Dayton's Bluff]]
# [[Payne-Phalen, Saint Paul|Payne-Phalen]]
# [[North End, Saint Paul|North End]]
# [[Frogtown, Saint Paul|Thomas Dale (Frogtown)]]
# [[Summit-University, Saint Paul|Summit-University]]
# [[West Seventh, Saint Paul|West Seventh]]
# [[Como, Saint Paul|Como Park]]
# [[Hamline-Midway, Saint Paul|Hamline-Midway]]
# [[Saint Anthony Park (Saint Paul)|Saint Anthony Park]]
# [[Union Park, Saint Paul|Union Park]]
# [[Macalester-Groveland, Saint Paul|Macalester-Groveland]]
# [[Highland Park, Saint Paul|Highland Park]]
# [[Summit Hill, Saint Paul|Summit Hill]]
# [[Downtown Saint Paul|Downtown]]{{div col end}}
==Climate==
{{See also|Climate of the Twin Cities|Climate of Minnesota}}
[[File:Saint paul mn.jpg|thumb|The city skyline from the southwest in the winter]]
Saint Paul has a [[humid continental climate]] typical of the [[Upper Midwest|Upper Midwestern United States]]. Winters are frigid and snowy, while summers are warm to hot and humid. On the [[Köppen climate classification]], Saint Paul falls in the hot summer [[humid continental climate]] zone (''Dfa''). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, [[Rain and snow mixed|sleet]], ice, rain, [[thunderstorm]]s, [[tornado]]es, and [[fog]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kottek |first1=Markus |last2=Grieser |first2=Jürgen |last3=Beck |first3=Christoph |last4=Rudolf |first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel |first5=Franz |title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated |journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=259–263 |date=June 2006 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download;jsessionid=fmsejsjc7e0i3.alice?pub=infobike%3a%2f%2fschweiz%2fmz%2f2006%2f00000015%2f00000003%2fart00001&mimetype=application%2fpdf |doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130 |access-date=December 15, 2010 |bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic [[air mass]]es, especially during late December, January, and February. The average annual temperature of {{convert|46.5|°F|°C}} gives the Minneapolis−Saint Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the [[continental U.S.]]<ref>45.4 °F for 1971 through 2000 per [https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/07s0378.xls U.S. Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103012949/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/07s0378.xls |date=January 3, 2007 }} who cites {{cite web |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |title=Normals 1971–2000 |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmavg.txt |access-date=March 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401171717/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmavg.txt |archive-date=April 1, 2007 |url-status=live}} or {{convert|44.6|°F|°C|abbr=on}} per {{cite web |last=Fisk |first=Charles |url=http://home.att.net/~minn_climo/ |title=Minneapolis-Saint Paul Area Daily Climatological History of Temperature, Precipitation, and Snowfall, A Year-by-Year Graphical Portrayal (1820–present) |date=March 3, 2007 |access-date=March 25, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518201556/http://home.att.net/~minn_climo/ |archive-date=May 18, 2007}}</ref>
<div style="width:85%;">
{{Weather box
|location = [[St. Paul Downtown Airport]], Minnesota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 58
|Feb record high F = 64
|Mar record high F = 83
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 101
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 78
|Dec record high F = 63
|year record high F = 104
|Jan high F = 23.9
|Feb high F = 28.7
|Mar high F = 41.7
|Apr high F = 56.8
|May high F = 68.9
|Jun high F = 78.5
|Jul high F = 82.6
|Aug high F = 80.4
|Sep high F = 72.4
|Oct high F = 58.0
|Nov high F = 42.1
|Dec high F = 28.6
|year high F = 55.2
|Jan mean F = 16.3
|Feb mean F = 20.8
|Mar mean F = 33.1
|Apr mean F = 47.0
|May mean F = 58.9
|Jun mean F = 68.8
|Jul mean F = 73.3
|Aug mean F = 71.1
|Sep mean F = 62.9
|Oct mean F = 49.0
|Nov mean F = 34.6
|Dec mean F = 21.7
|year mean F = 46.5
|Jan low F = 8.6
|Feb low F = 12.9
|Mar low F = 24.6
|Apr low F = 37.2
|May low F = 48.9
|Jun low F = 59.2
|Jul low F = 64.0
|Aug low F = 61.7
|Sep low F = 53.4
|Oct low F = 40.0
|Nov low F = 27.1
|Dec low F = 14.8
|year low F = 37.7
|Jan record low F = −41
|Feb record low F = −33
|Mar record low F = −26
|Apr record low F = 6
|May record low F = 23
|Jun record low F = 34
|Jul record low F = 45
|Aug record low F = 39
|Sep record low F = 28
|Oct record low F = 8
|Nov record low F = −25
|Dec record low F = −39
|year record low F = -41
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.48
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.52
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.43
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.58
|May precipitation inch = 3.97
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.63
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.97
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.10
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.08
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.47
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.32
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.65
|year precipitation inch = 29.20
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 4.0
|Feb precipitation days = 4.3
|Mar precipitation days = 7.1
|Apr precipitation days = 10.6
|May precipitation days = 12.7
|Jun precipitation days = 13.0
|Jul precipitation days = 9.9
|Aug precipitation days = 10.0
|Sep precipitation days = 9.6
|Oct precipitation days = 9.2
|Nov precipitation days = 6.2
|Dec precipitation days = 4.9
|year precipitation days = 101.5
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mpx |title=NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817022055/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mpx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NCEIairport">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014927&format=pdf |title=Station: St Paul Downtown AP, MN |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204431/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014927&format=pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|source 2 = The Weather Channel<ref name="TWC">{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMN0664 |title=Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information |access-date=July 28, 2008 |publisher=The Weather Channel |date=August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510103256/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMN0664 |archive-date=May 10, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}
</div>
{{Clear}}
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 1112
|1860= 10401
|1870= 20030
|1880= 41473
|1890= 133156
|1900= 163065
|1910= 214744
|1920= 234698
|1930= 271606
|1940= 287736
|1950= 311349
|1960= 313411
|1970= 309980
|1980= 270230
|1990= 272235
|2000= 287151
|2010= 285068
|2020= 311527
|estyear=2021
|estimate=307193
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2021">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=June 24, 2022 |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=June 24, 2022}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |author=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 9, 2014 |author-link=United States Census Bureau |archive-date=March 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321050514/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2758000 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Main|Demographics of Saint Paul}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! Demographic profile !! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=st.%20paul,%20minnesota&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |publisher=US Census Bureau |title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) |access-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212060901/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=st.%20paul,%20minnesota&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live}}</ref>!!2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html |title=St. Paul (city), Minnesota |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916024758/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html |archive-date=September 16, 2008}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |title=Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 14, 2017 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> !! 1970<ref name="census1" />
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] (non-Hispanic) || 48.8% || 55.9% || 64.0% || 80.4% || 93.6%<ref name="fifteen">From 15% sample</ref>
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] (non-Hispanic) || 19.2% || 14.9% || 12.4% || 7.1% || 0.2%
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic) || 16.5% || 15.3% || 11.7% || 7.4% || 3.5%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 9.7% || 9.6% || 7.9% || 4.2% || 2.1%<ref name="fifteen" />
|}
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Minneapolis (5560453662).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]
===2020 census===
As of the [[2020 United States census|census of 2020]],<ref name="2020-census-2758000">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> the population was 311,527. The [[population density]] was {{convert|5,994.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 127,392 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,451.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. Ethnically, the population was 9.7% [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race. When counting both Hispanic and non-Hispanic people together by race, the city was 50.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 19.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 16.8% [[Black (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.8% from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|other races]], and 7.6% from two or more races.
The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing.<ref name="2020-P5-2758000">{{cite web|title=Group Quarters Population, 2020 Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P5 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>
According to the [[American Community Survey]] estimates for 2016-2020, the median income for a household in the city was $59,717, and the median income for a family was $74,852. Male full-time workers had a median income of $50,186 versus $45,541 for female workers. The [[per capita income]] was $32,779. About 13.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="2020-EconChar-2758000">{{cite web|title=Selected Economic Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP03 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher.<ref name="2020-SocChar-2758000">{{cite web|title=Selected Social Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2758000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP02 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>
===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]],<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov/ |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 13, 2012 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref> there were 285,068 people, 111,001 households, and 59,689 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|5484.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 120,795 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2323.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% white, 15.7% African American, 1.1% Native American, 15.0% Asian, 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of the population.
There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33.
The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.
===Ethnic history===
The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of the [[Hopewell tradition]], who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs (now [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]]). The next known inhabitants were the [[Mdewakanton]] [[Sioux|Dakota]] in the 17th century, who fled their ancestral home of [[Mille Lacs Lake]] in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the [[Ojibwa|Ojibwe]] nation.<ref name="DakotaLife" /> The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River.
By 1800, [[French-Canadian]] explorers came through the region and attracted fur traders. [[Fort Snelling]] and Pig's Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from [[New England]] and [[English people|English]], [[Irish people|Irish]], and [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[immigrant]]s, who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge. These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river. The first wave of immigration came with the Irish, who settled at [[Connemara Patch]] along the Mississippi, named for their home, [[Connemara]], Ireland. The Irish [[History of the Irish in Saint Paul|became prolific]] in politics, city governance, and public safety, much to the chagrin of the Germans and French, who had grown into the majority. In 1850, the first of many groups of [[Swedish people|Swedish immigrants]] passed through St. Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the [[Minnesota Territory|territory]]. A large group settled in [[Swede Hollow]], which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along [[Payne Avenue State Bank|Payne Avenue]] in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/curriculum/gomn/tc_geog/from_swede_hollow_to_arlington_hills.pdf |title=From Swede Hollow to Arlington Hills, From Snoose Boulevard to Minnehaha Parkway: Swedish Neighborhoods of the Twin Cities |year=2001 |first=David A. |last=Lanegran |publisher=Macalester College |access-date=July 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724113740/http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/curriculum/goMN/tc_geog/From_Swede_Hollow_to_Arlington_Hills.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2008}}</ref>
Of people who specified [[European American|European ancestry]] in the 2005–07 [[American Community Survey]] of St. Paul, 26.4% were [[German American|German]], 13.8% [[Irish American|Irish]], 8.4% [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]], 7.0% [[Swedish American|Swedish]], and 6.2% [[English American|English]]. There is also a visible community of people of [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population. By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as [[Frogtown]] (German: ''Froschburg''), became home to Vietnamese people who had left their war-torn country. A settlement program for the Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rchs.com/neighborhoods/frogtown.htm |title=District 7: Thomas-Dale or Frogtown |publisher=Ramsey County Historical Society |year=2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411064558/http://www.rchs.com/neighborhoods/frogtown.htm |archive-date=April 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-11-29-hmong-closerlook_x.htm |date=November 29, 2004 |title=Hmong get closer look since shootings |first=Tom |last=Kenworthy |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630193716/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-11-29-hmong-closerlook_x.htm |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hmong Resettlement Revisited |publisher=Bridging Refugee Youth and Children's Services |date=June 2004 |url=http://www.brycs.org/brycs_spotjune04.htm |access-date=November 4, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823120646/http://www.brycs.org/brycs_spotjune04.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul's West Side since the 1930s; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Paul Ethnic Population Growth |publisher=City of Saint Paul |url=http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/index.asp?NID=2020 |access-date=November 6, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116144505/http://www.ci.stpaul.mn.us/index.asp?NID=2020 |archive-date=January 16, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Bianca Vazquez |last=Toness |title=Mexican consulate opens in June |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |date=May 24, 2005 |url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/05/20_tonessb_consulate/ |access-date=November 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060918174236/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/05/20_tonessb_consulate/ |archive-date=September 18, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are [[Christianity|Christian]], split between the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and various [[Protestant]] denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[synagogue]]s such as [[Mount Zion Temple]] and relatively small populations of [[Hinduism|Hindus]], [[Islam|Muslims]], and [[Buddhism|Buddhists]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsey County, Minnesota |url=http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/27123_2000.asp |work=Religious Congregations and Membership in the United States, 2000 |publisher=Association of Religion Data Archives |access-date=December 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205193048/http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/27123_2000.asp |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large [[Wicca]]n population.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gihring |first=Tim |title=Welcome to Paganistan |work=Minnesota Monthly |access-date=May 23, 2011 |date=April 2009 |url=http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/April-2009/MNMO-Recommends/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908075718/http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/April-2009/MNMO-Recommends/ |archive-date=September 8, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Economy==
[[File:MN Ford plant.jpg|thumb|The [[Ford Motor Company]]'s [[Twin Cities Assembly Plant]] in 2006]]
The Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington area employs 1,570,700 people in the private sector as of July 2008, 82.43% of whom work in private service providing-related jobs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject |work=Bureau of Labor Statistics |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |date=August 26, 2008 |url=http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet;jsessionid=f030f2337f5b$3F$3F$3 |access-date=August 26, 2008 |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310193448/https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/dbdown?REQUEST_ERROR_MESSAGE |url-status=live}} This data may not be directly reproducible via this link. [http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=sm BLS.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912103418/http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=sm |date=September 12, 2008 }}, Select "27 Minnesota" and "33460 Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN-WI" and all subsectors.</ref>
Major [[corporation]]s headquartered in Saint Paul include [[Ecolab]], a chemical and cleaning product company<ref>{{cite news |last=Orrick |first=Dave |title=Downtown goal: Fill storefronts — at least for now |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press|Pioneer Press]] |publisher=MediaNews Group |date=July 28, 2008 |url=http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_10021824 |access-date=July 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803030400/http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_10021824 |archive-date=August 3, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> that the ''Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal'' named in 2008 as the eighth-best place to work in the Twin Cites for companies with 1,000 full-time Minnesota employees,<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Kim |title=Business Journal names Best Places to Work |work=Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal |publisher=[[American City Business Journals]] |date=August 20, 2008 |url=http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/08/11/daily30.html?surround=lfn |access-date=August 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519190102/http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/08/11/daily30.html?surround=lfn |archive-date=May 19, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Securian Financial Group Inc.]]<ref><!-- Note: This is not the same reference to the MMAA in the museums section --> {{cite news |last=Abbe |first=Mary |title=Same old struggles at the MMAA |work=[[Star Tribune]] |pages=3 |publisher=Chris Harte |date=July 21, 2008 |url=http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |access-date=July 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918180413/http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |archive-date=September 18, 2008}}</ref>
The [[3M Company]] moved to St. Paul in 1910. It built a art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands. Headquarters operations moved to the Maplewood campus in 1964. 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St. Paul operations ceased.
The city was home to the [[Ford Motor Company]]'s [[Twin Cities Assembly Plant]], which opened in 1924 and closed at the end of 2011. The plant was in [[Highland Park, Saint Paul|Highland Park]] on the Mississippi River, adjacent to [[Lock and Dam No. 1, Mississippi River]], which generates hydroelectric power.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lock and Dam 1 |work=St. Paul District |publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers |url=http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=146 |access-date=August 27, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206183104/http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=146 |archive-date=December 6, 2008}}</ref> The site is now being cleared of buildings and tested for contamination to prepare for redevelopment.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=With Ford plant gone, St. Paul leaders seek model development |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_26195827/ford-plant-demolished-st-paul-leaders-seek-model |website=twincities.com |publisher=Pioneer Press |access-date=September 9, 2014 |date=July 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018114624/http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_26195827/ford-plant-demolished-st-paul-leaders-seek-model |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The lead developer, the Ryan Company, has released a proposed set of zoning changes that will shape how the land will be used.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stpaul.gov/sites/default/files/Media%20Root/Planning%20%26%20Economic%20Development/Updated-Staff-Review-Ryan-Proposed-Amendments-Ford.pdf |title=Updated Staff Review of Ryan Companies' (Ryan) Proposed Amendments to the ''Ford Site Zoning and Public Realm Master Plan'' |website=City of Saint Paul |first1=Menaka |last1=Mohan |first2=Mike |last2=Richardson |access-date=November 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124055025/https://www.stpaul.gov/sites/default/files/Media%20Root/Planning%20%26%20Economic%20Development/Updated-Staff-Review-Ryan-Proposed-Amendments-Ford.pdf |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Saint Paul has financed city development with [[Tax increment financing|tax increment financing (TIF)]]. In 2018, it had 55 TIF districts. Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the [[CHS Field|St. Paul Saints stadium]], and the [[affordable housing]] along the Twin Cities [[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|Metro Green Line]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.twincities.com/2018/04/14/frederick-melo-you-dont-know-tif/ |title=Frederick Melo: You don't know TIF! |date=April 14, 2018 |work=Twin Cities |access-date=April 15, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415125039/https://www.twincities.com/2018/04/14/frederick-melo-you-dont-know-tif/ |archive-date=April 15, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Housing===
Saint Paul passed what critics have called "the nation's worst [[Rent Control|rent control]] law"<ref name="Reason, September 23rd, 2022">{{cite web |last1=BRITSCHGI |first1=CHRISTIAN |title=The Nation's Worst Rent Control Law Gets a Few Moderating Fixes |url=https://reason.com/2022/09/23/the-nations-worst-rent-control-law-gets-a-few-moderating-fixes/?utm_medium=email |website=reason.com |publisher=Reason |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> by voter referendum in November 2021, as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=St. Paul City Council likely to prune rent-control ordinance next week |url=https://www.twincities.com/2022/09/07/st-paul-city-council-likely-to-exempt-new-construction-for-rent-control-going-back-20-years/ |website=www.twincities.com |publisher=TwinCities Journal |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> Some claim the law has had the opposite effect by raising housing costs as "new building permit applications plunge[d] and developers [froze] in-progress housing projects, totaling thousands of units, as their financing partners skipped town". In September 2022, the St. Paul city council voted to amend and "water down"<ref name="Star Tribune, September 20th, 2022">{{cite web |last1=Galioto |first1=Katie |title=St. Paul leaders poised to limit controversial rent control policy |url=https://www.startribune.com/st-paul-leaders-poised-to-limit-controversial-rent-control-policy/600208717/?refresh=true |website=www.startribune.com |publisher=Star Tribune |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref> the law.<ref name="Pioneer Press, September 21, 2022">{{cite web |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=St. Paul City Council amends rent control, exempts new construction with 5-2 vote |url=https://www.twincities.com/2022/09/21/st-paul-city-council-amends-rent-control-exempts-new-construction-exemption-with-5-2-vote/ |website=www.twincities.com |publisher=Pioneer Press |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>
==Culture==
[[File:Comoplant.jpg|thumb|left|[[Como Park Zoo and Conservatory]] is a free public greenhouse and urban zoo open year-round.]]
Every January, Saint Paul hosts the [[Saint Paul Winter Carnival]], a tradition that began in 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul "another [[Siberia]]". The organizers had a model in the [[Montreal Winter Carnivals|Montreal Winter Carnival]] the year before. Architect A. C. Hutchinson designed the Montreal ice castle and was hired to design St. Paul's first.<ref>Ice Palaces in Montreal 1883-89, The Ice Cubicle, [https://icecubicle.blog/2009/06/10/ice-palaces-in-montreal-1883-89/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014224040/https://icecubicle.blog/2009/06/10/ice-palaces-in-montreal-1883-89/|date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> The event has now been held 135 times with an attendance of 350,000. It includes an [[Ice sculpture|ice sculpting]] competition, a snow sculpting competition, a medallion [[Saint Paul Winter Carnival#Medallion Hunt|treasure hunt]], food, activities, and an ice palace when it can be arranged.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.winter-carnival.com/history/ |title=History of the Saint Paul Winter Carnival |year=2008 |publisher=St Paul Winter Carnival |access-date=July 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517155457/http://www.winter-carnival.com/history/ |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Como Zoo and Conservatory]] and adjoining Japanese Garden are popular year-round. The historic [[Landmark Center (St. Paul)|Landmark Center]] in downtown Saint Paul hosts cultural and arts organizations. The city's recreation sites include [[Indian Mounds Park (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Indian Mounds Park]], Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park, [[Highland Park, Saint Paul|Highland Park]], the [[Wabasha Street Caves]], [[Lake Como (Minnesota)|Lake Como]], [[Lake Phalen]], and [[Rice Park]], as well as several areas abutting the [[Mississippi River]]. The [[History of the Irish in Saint Paul|Irish Fair of Minnesota]] is held annually at the [[Harriet Island Pavilion]] area. The country's largest Hmong American sports festival, the Freedom Festival, is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park.
The city is associated with the [[Minnesota State Fair]] in neighboring [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]] just west of Como Park. The fair dates to before statehood. With the competing interests of Minneapolis and St. Paul, it was held on "neutral ground" between both. That area refused to become part of St. Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s. The [[University of Minnesota]] Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights.
[[Fort Snelling]] is often identified as being in St. Paul but is actually its own [[unincorporated area#U.S. Census Bureau|unorganized territory]]. The eastern part of Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory ([[Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport|MSP included]]) has a St. Paul mailing address. The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code.
[[File:Minnesota Centennial Showboat at night, October 2013.jpg|thumb|The [[Minnesota Centennial Showboat]] was anchored in the Mississippi River along Harriet Island.]]
Saint Paul is the birthplace of [[cartoonist]] [[Charles M. Schulz]], who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.familyhistoryfiles.com/site_text/documents/hfs_peanuts.htm |title=Harry F. Schroeder, Jr. The Kid After Whom Charles M. Schulz Named His Beethoven-Loving Character in His "Peanuts" Cartoon |year=2006 |publisher=Delehanty – Sullivan – Kinsman – Schroeder Family History Workspace |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729224335/http://www.familyhistoryfiles.com/site_text/documents/hfs_peanuts.htm |archive-date=July 29, 2012}}</ref> Schulz's ''[[Peanuts]]'' inspired giant, decorated sculptures around the city, a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=65389 |website=PRnewswire.co.uk |title=Saint Paul kicks off encore to the successful 'Peanuts on Parade' summer art project |access-date=August 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527095326/http://www2.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=65389 |archive-date=May 27, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Other notable residents include writer [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] and playwright [[August Wilson]], who premiered many of the ten plays in his [[August Wilson#The Pittsburgh Cycle|Pittsburgh Cycle]] at the local Penumbra Theater.<ref>{{cite web |others=Prepared by Connie L. Cartledge |title=John Vachon: A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/text/vachon.html |publisher=Manuscript Division, Library of Congress |year=2006 |access-date=October 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930111256/http://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/text/vachon.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref>
The [[Ordway Center for the Performing Arts]] hosts theater productions and the [[Minnesota Opera]] is a founding tenant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordway Center for the Performing Arts |publisher=Ordway Center for the Performing Arts |year=2006 |url=http://www.ordway.org/ |access-date=December 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205151543/http://www.ordway.org/ |archive-date=December 5, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[RiverCentre]], attached to [[Xcel Energy Center]], serves as the city's convention center. The city has contributed to the [[music of Minnesota]] and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues. Great jazz musicians have passed through the influential [[Artists' Quarter]], first established in the 1970s in [[Whittier, Minneapolis]], and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |last=Berryman |first=Don |title=Artists' Quarter |publisher=Jazz Police |date=April 21, 2004 |url=http://www.jazzpolice.com/content/view/1381/115/ |access-date=July 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705151354/https://www.jazzpolice.com/content/view/1381/115/ |archive-date=July 5, 2008}}</ref> Artists' Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam, home of the 2009 [[National Poetry Slam]] Champions. At The Black Dog, in Lowertown, many French or European jazz musicians (Evan Parker, Tony Hymas, Benoît Delbecq, François Corneloup) have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe. Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins, Dean Magraw/Davu Seru, Merciless Ghosts, and [[Willie Murphy (musician)|Willie Murphy]] are regulars. The [[Turf Club (venue)|Turf Club]] in Midway has been a music scene landmark since the 1940s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gelhhar |first=Jenny |title=The Turf Club |work=Features |publisher=Saint Paul Almanac |year=2007 |url=http://saintpaulalmanac.com/f-turf-club-st-paul.shtml |access-date=July 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106085957/http://saintpaulalmanac.com/f-turf-club-st-paul.shtml |archive-date=January 6, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed [[Rose Ensemble]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roseensemble.org/about/history.html |title=History of the Rose Ensemble |access-date=November 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222021006/http://www.roseensemble.org/about/history.html |archive-date=December 22, 2008}}</ref> As an Irish stronghold, the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music, such as Shamrocks, The Dubliner, and until its closure in 2019, O'Gara's.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Belcamino |first1=Kristi |title=O'Gara's Bar and Grill, a landmark St. Paul institution, won't reopen |url=https://www.twincities.com/2019/11/03/ogaras-bar-and-grill-a-landmark-st-paul-institution-wont-reopen/ |website=Twin Cities.com |date=November 4, 2019 |publisher=St. Paul Pioneer Press |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429045621/https://www.twincities.com/2019/11/03/ogaras-bar-and-grill-a-landmark-st-paul-institution-wont-reopen/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The internationally acclaimed [[Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra]] is the nation's only full-time professional chamber orchestra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chicagopresents.uchicago.edu/series/stpaul/ |title=Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra Three concerts |publisher=University of Chicago |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531162446/http://chicagopresents.uchicago.edu/series/stpaul/ |archive-date=May 31, 2008}}</ref> The [[Minnesota Centennial Showboat]] on the Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota's first centennial celebration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://showboat.umn.edu/ |title=Minnesota Centennial Showboat! |date=July 3, 2008 |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=July 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625194024/http://www.showboat.umn.edu/ |archive-date=June 25, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Saint Paul hosts a number of museums, including the University of Minnesota's Goldstein Museum of Design,<ref>{{cite web |title=Goldstein Museum of Design |work=College of Design |publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota |year=2008 |url=http://goldstein.che.umn.edu/ |access-date=July 31, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625032612/http://goldstein.che.umn.edu/ |archive-date=June 25, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the [[Minnesota Children's Museum]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Hours, Parking, and Directions |work=Visitor Information |publisher=Minnesota Children's Museum |year=2010 |url=http://www.mcm.org/visitor-information/hours-parking-directions/ |access-date=December 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213150044/http://www.mcm.org/visitor-information/hours-parking-directions/ |archive-date=December 13, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments,<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlson's legacy: Schubert Club: Thanks to him, once-tiny arts group attracts top artists to Twin Cities |work=Pioneer Press |date=July 31, 2006 |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-16156728_ITM |format=registration required |access-date=July 31, 2008 |first=Bao |last=Ong |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231113528/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-16156728_ITM |archive-date=December 31, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments |publisher=The Schubert Club |year=2008 |url=http://www.schubert.org/museum/ |access-date=July 31, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921232801/http://www.schubert.org/museum/ |archive-date=September 21, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Minnesota Museum of American Art]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Wyant |first=Carissa |title=St. Paul art museum loses director; searches for new home |work=Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal |publisher=American City Business Journals, Inc. |date=July 26, 2008 |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/07/21/daily1.html |access-date=July 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801202812/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/07/21/daily1.html |archive-date=August 1, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Abbe |first=Mary |title=Same old struggles at the MMAA |work=[[Star Tribune]] |pages=1 |publisher=Chris Harte |date=July 21, 2008 |url=http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |access-date=July 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918180413/http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html |archive-date=September 18, 2008}}</ref> the Traces Center for History and Culture,<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Paul Culture: Museums |publisher=M.R. Danielson Advertising Associates |year=2002 |url=http://saint-paul.com/display.php?section=1&sub=6 |access-date=December 7, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031042121/http://www.saint-paul.com/display.php?section=1&sub=6 |archive-date=October 31, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the [[Minnesota History Center]], the [[Alexander Ramsey]] House, the [[James J. Hill House]], the [[Minnesota Transportation Museum]], the [[Science Museum of Minnesota]], and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum.
==Sports==
{{Main|Sports in Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Sports in Minnesota}}
[[File:2006 WCHA Final Five.jpg|thumb|The [[Xcel Energy Center]] hosts hockey and other professional sports in addition to concerts and other events.]]
The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schulman |first=Andrew |title=St. Paul takes SI Sportstown Honors for the Land of 10,000 Lakes |magazine=Sports Illustrated |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/magazine/features/si50/states/minnesota/sports_town/ |access-date=October 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007010753/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/magazine/features/si50/states/minnesota/sports_town/ |archive-date=October 7, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Saint Paul hosts a number of professional, semi-professional, and amateur sports teams. The [[Minnesota Wild]]<ref name="StP_Hockey_returns" /> play their home games in downtown Saint Paul's [[Xcel Energy Center]], which opened in 2000. The Wild brought the NHL back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the [[Minnesota North Stars]] left the state for [[Dallas, Texas]].<ref name="StP_Hockey_returns" /> (The [[World Hockey Association]]'s [[Minnesota Fighting Saints]] played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977.) Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels, ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' called Saint Paul the new [[Hockeytown|Hockeytown U.S.A.]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/michael_farber/12/04/hockeytown1210/index.html |date=December 4, 2007 |title=In Search of... Hockeytown U.S.A |first=Michael |last=Farber |magazine=Sports Illustrated |access-date=August 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511170659/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/michael_farber/12/04/hockeytown1210/index.html |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Xcel Energy Center, a multipurpose entertainment and sports venue, can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events. It occupies the site of the demolished [[Saint Paul Civic Center]]. The Xcel Energy Center hosts the [[Minnesota high school boys hockey]] tournament, the Minnesota high school girls' volleyball tournament, and concerts throughout the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in the US by [[ESPN]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About Xcel Energy Center |publisher=Minnesota Twins |url=http://www.minnesotatwinstickets.com/venues/xcel-energy-center-tickets.php |access-date=October 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812163117/http://www.minnesotatwinstickets.com/venues/xcel-energy-center-tickets.php |archive-date=August 12, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:CJ silks August.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Two [[Circus Juventas]] students on [[Aerial silk|silks]]]]
The [[St. Paul Saints]] are the city's [[Minor League Baseball]] team, which plays in the [[International League]] as an affiliate of the [[Minnesota Twins]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Mayo |first=Jonathan |title=MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/new-minor-league-baseball-structure |website=Major League Baseball |date=February 12, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306212148/https://www.mlb.com/news/new-minor-league-baseball-structure |url-status=live}}</ref> There have been several different teams called the Saints over the years. Founded in 1884, they were shut down in 1961 after the Minnesota Twins moved to [[Bloomington, Minnesota|Bloomington]]. The Saints were brought back in 1993 as an independent baseball team in the [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|Northern League]], moving to the [[American Association of Professional Baseball|American Association]] in 2006. They joined affiliated baseball in 2021. Their home games are played at the open-air [[CHS Field]] in downtown's [[Lowertown Historic District (Saint Paul, Minnesota)|Lowertown Historic District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Paul Baseball History |publisher=[[St. Paul Saints]] |url=http://www.saintsbaseball.com/team/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717011141/http://saintsbaseball.com/team/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 17, 2006 |access-date=August 13, 2008}}</ref> Four noted Major League All-Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul: Hall of Fame outfielder [[Dave Winfield]], Hall of Fame infielder [[Paul Molitor]], Hall of Fame pitcher [[Jack Morris]], and first baseman [[Joe Mauer]]. The all-black [[St. Paul Colored Gophers]] played four seasons in Saint Paul from 1907 to 1911.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sheldon |first=Mark |title=Colored Gophers made history |website=MLB.com |date=February 7, 2003 |url=http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20030207&content_id=198142&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=null |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117045528/http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20030207&content_id=198142&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=null |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 17, 2008 |access-date=October 30, 2007}}</ref>
The [[St. Paul Twin Stars]] of the [[National Premier Soccer League]] play their home games at Macalester Stadium.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |publisher=[[St. Paul Twin Stars]] |url=http://minnesotatwinstars.com/crbst_6.html |access-date=December 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712085512/http://minnesotatwinstars.com/crbst_6.html |archive-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> St. Paul's first [[curling]] club was founded in 1888. The current club, the [[St. Paul Curling Club]], was founded in 1912 and is the largest curling club in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the St. Paul Curling Club |publisher=Saint Paul Curling Club |url=http://www.stpaulcurlingclub.org/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216100123/http://www.stpaulcurlingclub.org/about/history.html |archive-date=February 16, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Minnesota Roller Derby]] is a flat-track [[roller derby]] league based in the [[Roy Wilkins Auditorium]], made up of women and gender expansive athletes. Minnesota's oldest athletic organization, the [[Minnesota Boat Club Boathouse on Raspberry Island|Minnesota Boat Club]], resides in the Mississippi River on [[Raspberry Island (Minnesota)|Raspberry Island]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota Boat Club |url=http://www.boatclub.org/ |access-date=August 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511163726/http://www.boatclub.org/ |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saint Paul is also home to [[Circus Juventas]], the largest [[circus arts]] school in [[North America]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=''Pioneer Press'' staff |title=Tickets for Circus Juventas summer show announced |url=http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_20890920/tickets-circus-juventas-summer-show-announced |access-date=October 4, 2014 |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |date=June 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115212408/http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_20890920/tickets-circus-juventas-summer-show-announced |archive-date=January 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On March 25, 2015, [[Major League Soccer]] announced that it had awarded its 23rd MLS franchise to [[Minnesota United FC]], a team from the lower-level [[North American Soccer League (2011–2017)|North American Soccer League]]. [[William W. McGuire|Bill McGuire]] and his ownership group, which includes [[Jim Pohlad]] of the [[Minnesota Twins]], [[Glen Taylor]] of the [[Minnesota Timberwolves]], former [[Minnesota Wild]] investor Glen Nelson, and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the [[Carlson Companies|Carlson]] hospitality company, had intended to build a privately financed [[soccer-specific stadium]] in [[Downtown Minneapolis]] near the Minneapolis Farmer's Market. But their plan was met with heavy opposition from former Minneapolis Mayor [[Betsy Hodges]], who said her city was suffering from "stadium fatigue" after building three stadiums for the [[Minnesota Twins]], [[Minnesota Vikings]] and the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers]], within a six-year span.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com/north/story/mls-fight-won-minnesota-united-fc-still-going-through-process-of-financing-facility-051915 |title=MLS fight won, Minnesota United still going through 'process' of financing facility |first=Phil |last=Ervin |date=May 19, 2015 |access-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211122253/http://www.foxsports.com/north/story/mls-fight-won-minnesota-united-fc-still-going-through-process-of-financing-facility-051915 |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> On July 1, 2015, after failing to reach an agreement with the city of Minneapolis, McGuire and his partners turned their focus to Saint Paul.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/blog/sports-business/2015/07/mls-st-paul-expansion-united-fc-misses-deadline.html |title=MLS Turns to St. Paul After United FC Misses Stadium Deadline for Expansion Rights |website=Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal |access-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705202609/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/blog/sports-business/2015/07/mls-st-paul-expansion-united-fc-misses-deadline.html |archive-date=July 5, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On October 23, 2015, Bill McGuire of Minnesota United FC and former Saint Paul Mayor [[Chris Coleman (politician)|Chris Coleman]] announced that a privately financed soccer-specific stadium would be built on the vacant [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] bus barn site in Saint Paul's Midway neighborhood near the intersection of [[Minnesota State Highway 51|Snelling Avenue]] and [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-Saint Paul)|University Avenue]]. It is midway between downtown Saint Paul and downtown Minneapolis. The stadium, [[Allianz Field]], opened in April 2019 and seats 19,400.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mnufc.com/stadium/fast-facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712172626/https://www.mnufc.com/stadium/fast-facts |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 12, 2017 |title=Fast Facts |website=mnufc.com}}</ref> The team began playing in the MLS in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/look-minnesota-united-plays-first-mls-home-match-in-the-pouring-snow/ |title=Look: Minnesota United plays first MLS home match in the pouring snow |first=Roger |last=Gonzalez |date=March 12, 2017 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905180234/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/look-minnesota-united-plays-first-mls-home-match-in-the-pouring-snow/ |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On May 15, 2018, the [[Minnesota Whitecaps]] joined the [[Premier Hockey Federation]] (the former National Women's Hockey League)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/sports/nwhl-rebrands-premier-hockey-federation-entering-7th-year/3258432/ |title=NWHL Rebrands to 'Premier Hockey Federation' to Promote Inclusivity, Inspire Youth |date=September 7, 2021 |first=John |last=Wawrow |work=WNBC |access-date=November 9, 2021 |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020030139/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/sports/nwhl-rebrands-premier-hockey-federation-entering-7th-year/3258432/ |url-status=live}}</ref> as its fifth franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/sports/mn-whitecaps-join-national-womens-hockey-league/89-552273434 |title=MN Whitecaps join National Women's Hockey League |first=Dana |last=Thiede |date=May 15, 2018 |website=kare11.com |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310193457/https://www.kare11.com/article/sports/mn-whitecaps-join-national-womens-hockey-league/89-552273434 |url-status=live}}</ref> Founded in 2004, the team originally played in the [[Western Women's Hockey League]] before going independent in 2010 when that league folded. The Whitecaps play their home games at [[TRIA Rink]], a 1,200-seat arena and practice facility in downtown Saint Paul.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theicegarden.com/2018/6/27/17509176/details-emerge-on-minnesota-whitecaps-upcoming-nwhl-season-schedule-air-travel-tria-rink-wild |title=The Whitecaps will call TRIA Rink home |first1=Erica |last1=Ayala |first2=Mike |last2=Murphy |date=June 27, 2018 |website=theicegarden.com |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175724/https://www.theicegarden.com/2018/6/27/17509176/details-emerge-on-minnesota-whitecaps-upcoming-nwhl-season-schedule-air-travel-tria-rink-wild |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The team began playing in the PHF in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nwhl.zone/news_article/show/937078 |title=2018–19 NWHL Schedule Released |date=August 26, 2018 |website=nwhl.zone |access-date=September 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175719/https://www.nwhl.zone/news_article/show/937078 |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[Minnesota Timberwolves|Timberwolves]], [[Minnesota Twins|Twins]], [[Minnesota Vikings|Vikings]], and [[Minnesota Lynx|Lynx]] all play in [[Minneapolis]].<ref name="meetmpls">{{cite web |title=Professional Sports |url=http://www.minneapolis.org/page/minnesota-professional-sports-teams.jsp |publisher=Meet Minneapolis |access-date=February 14, 2011 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201153832/http://www.minneapolis.org/page/minnesota-professional-sports-teams.jsp |archive-date=December 1, 2008}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+ Professional sports in Saint Paul
|-
! Club !! Sport !! League !! Venue (capacity) !! Championships
|-
| [[Minnesota Wild]] || [[Ice hockey]] || [[National Hockey League]] || [[Xcel Energy Center]] (17,954) ||
|-
| [[Minnesota Whitecaps]] || [[Ice hockey]] || [[Premier Hockey Federation]] || [[TRIA Rink]] (1,200) || [[Clarkson Cup]]: 2010
[[Isobel Cup]]: 2019
|-
|[[Minnesota United FC (MLS)|Minnesota United FC]] || [[Soccer]] || [[Major League Soccer]] || [[Allianz Field]] (19,400) || [[North American Soccer League (2011–2017)|NASL]]: 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2011/10/30/nsc-minnesota-stars-win-the-2011-nasl-championship/ |title=NSC Minnesota Stars Win the 2011 NASL Championship |first=Brian |last=Quarstad |date=October 30, 2011 |access-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211014110/http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2011/10/30/nsc-minnesota-stars-win-the-2011-nasl-championship/ |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/6105/north-american-soccer-league/2014/06/08/4868343/minnesota-united-crowned-2014-nasl-spring-champion |title=Minnesota United crowned 2014 NASL spring champion |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401070002/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/6105/north-american-soccer-league/2014/06/08/4868343/minnesota-united-crowned-2014-nasl-spring-champion |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Minnesota Wind Chill]] || [[Ultimate (sport)|Ultimate]] || [[American Ultimate Disc League]] || [[Sea Foam Stadium]] (3,500) ||
|-
| [[St. Paul Saints]] || [[Baseball]] || [[International League]] || [[CHS Field]] (7,210) || [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|NL]]: 1993, 1995, 1996, and 2004
[[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball|AA]]: 2019
|}
==Government and politics==
{{Main|Government and politics in Saint Paul, Minnesota|List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota}}
[[File:Minnesota State Capitol.jpg|thumb|left|[[Minnesota State Capitol]]]]
Saint Paul has a variant of the [[Mayor–council government#Strong-mayor form|strong mayor–council]] form of government.<ref name="Type">{{Cite web |url=http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/DocumentView.asp?DID=1114 |title=Description of Saint Paul's Form of Government |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=2008 Mayor's Proposed Budget |format=pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211013246/http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/DocumentView.asp?DID=1114 |archive-date=December 11, 2008}}</ref> The mayor is the [[chief executive]] and [[chief administrative officer]] of the city and the seven-member city council is its legislative body.<ref name="Mayor">{{cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ac002.html#sec2.01. |title=Sec. 2.01. Chief executive |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Administrative Code}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Legislative">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html#sec4.01. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214074428/http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |title=Sec. 4.01. Legislative power |access-date=November 11, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter}}</ref> The mayor is elected by the entire city, while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards of approximately equal population.<ref name="Elective">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch002.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214100233/http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch002.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |title=Sec. 2.01. Elective officials |access-date=November 11, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter}}</ref><ref name="Wards">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214074428/http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |title=Sec. 4.01.2. Initial districts |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter}}</ref> Both the mayor and council members serve four-year terms.<ref name="Terms">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stpaul.gov/code/ch002.html |title=Sec. 2.02. Terms |access-date=November 10, 2007 |publisher=City of Saint Paul |work=Saint Paul City Charter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030217103345/http://www.stpaul.gov/code/ch002.html |archive-date=February 17, 2003}}</ref> The [[List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota|current mayor]] is [[Melvin Carter (politician)|Melvin Carter]] ([[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party|DFL]]), Saint Paul's first African-American mayor. Aside from [[Norm Coleman]], who became a Republican during his second term, Saint Paul has not elected a Republican mayor since 1952.<ref name="HHH">{{cite web |url=http://www.hhh.umn.edu/img/assets/23537/Twin%20Cities%20Mayoral%20Historical%20Overview.pdf |title=Twin Cities Mayoral Historical Overview |access-date=January 1, 2008 |publisher=Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs |first=Eric J. |last=Ostermeier |work=Center for the Study of Politics and Governance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625180938/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/img/assets/23537/Twin%20Cities%20Mayoral%20Historical%20Overview.pdf |archive-date=June 25, 2008}}</ref>
[[File:Saint Paul City Hall.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse]]]]
The city is also the county seat of [[Ramsey County, Minnesota|Ramsey County]], named for [[Alexander Ramsey]], the state's first governor. The county once spanned much of the present-day metropolitan area and was originally to be named Saint Paul County after the city. Today it is geographically the smallest county and the most densely populated.<ref name="StP_RC_MMSP" /> Ramsey is the only home rule county in Minnesota; the seven-member Board of Commissioners appoints a county manager whose office is in the combination city hall/county courthouse along with the Minnesota Second Judicial Courts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/cb/charter/index.htm |title=Ramsey County Home Rule Charter |publisher=Ramsey County |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018202430/http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/cb/charter/index.htm |archive-date=October 18, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/pm/location.asp |title=Ramsey County Building Locations |year=2008 |publisher=Ramsey County |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221131900/http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/pm/location.asp |archive-date=December 21, 2008}}</ref> The nearby Law Enforcement Center houses the Ramsey County Sheriff's office.
===State and federal===
{{See also|Minnesota Legislature|Politics of Minnesota#Federal representation}}
[[File:2020 United States Presidential Election in St. Paul, Minnesota.svg|thumb|'''2020 Presidential Election by Precinct'''<br /> '''Biden:''' {{legend0|#86b6f2ff|50–60%}} {{legend0|#4389e3ff|60–70%}} {{legend0|#1666cbff|70–80%}} {{legend0|#0645b4ff|80–90%}}]]
Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The city hosts the capitol building, designed by Saint Paul resident [[Cass Gilbert]], and the [[Minnesota House of Representatives|House]] and [[Minnesota Senate|Senate]] office buildings. The [[Minnesota Governor's Residence]], which is used for some state functions, is on [[Summit Avenue (St. Paul)|Summit Avenue]]. The [[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]] (affiliated with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]) is headquartered in Saint Paul. Numerous state departments and services are also headquartered in Saint Paul, such as the [[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]].
The city is split into four Minnesota Senate districts (64, 65, 66 and 67) and eight Minnesota House of Representatives districts (64A, 64B, 65A, 65B, 66A, 66B, 67A and 67B), all of which are held by Democrats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota Senate Maps & Data |work=Geographic Information Services |publisher=Minnesota State Legislature |year=2007 |url=http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/senmapdata.htm |access-date=July 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916201446/http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/senmapdata.htm |archive-date=September 16, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota House Maps & Data |work=Geographic Information Services |publisher=Minnesota State Legislature |year=2007 |url=http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/hsemapdata.htm |access-date=July 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916201441/http://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/gis/hsemapdata.htm |archive-date=September 16, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Saint Paul is the heart of [[Minnesota's 4th congressional district]], represented by Democrat [[Betty McCollum]]. The district has been in DFL hands without interruption since 1949. Minnesota is represented in the US [[United States Senate|Senate]] by Democrat [[Amy Klobuchar]], a former [[Hennepin County]] Attorney, and Democrat [[Tina Smith]], former Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
! colspan="26"|Minnesota House and Senate districts
|-
! ! colspan="4" |[[Minnesota Senate|Senate]]
! ! colspan="4" |[[Minnesota House of Representatives|House]]
|-
!
! Name
! First elected
! Party
!
! Name
! First elected
! Party
|-
! rowspan="2"| 64
|rowspan="2"| [[Erin Murphy (politician)|Erin Murphy]]
|rowspan="2"| 2020
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 64A
| [[Kaohly Her]]
| 2018
| DFL
|-
! 64B
| [[Dave Pinto]]
| 2014
| DFL
|-
! rowspan="2"| 65
|rowspan="2"| [[Sandy Pappas]]
|rowspan="2"| 1990
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 65A
| [[Rena Moran]]
| 2010
| DFL
|-
! 65B
| [[Carlos Mariani]]
| 1990
| DFL
|-
! rowspan="2"| 66
|rowspan="2"| [[John Marty]]*
|rowspan="2"| 1992
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 66A
| [[John Lesch]]
| 2002
| DFL
|-
! 66B
| [[Alice Hausman]]*
| 1989
| DFL
|-
! rowspan="2"| 67
|rowspan="2"| [[Foung Hawj]]
|rowspan="2"| 2012
|rowspan="2"| DFL
! 67A
| [[Tim Mahoney (Minnesota politician)|Tim Mahoney]]
| 1998
| DFL
|-
! 67B
| [[Jay Xiong]]
| 2018
| DFL
|}
<small>*District also includes [[Falcon Heights, Minnesota|Falcon Heights]], [[Lauderdale, Minnesota|Lauderdale]] and [[Roseville, Minnesota|Roseville]].</small>
==Education==
{{Main|Education in Saint Paul, Minnesota}}
[[File:1930s HU STUDENTS.jpg|thumb|left|1930s-era students at [[Hamline University]] taking finals]]
Saint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita, behind [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]].<ref>{{cite news |last=El Nasser |first=Haya |title=Most livable? Depends on your definition |newspaper=USA TODAY |date=April 11, 2004 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-04-11-most-livable_x.htm |access-date=October 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015014745/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-04-11-most-livable_x.htm |archive-date=October 15, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Higher education institutions that call Saint Paul home include three public and eight private colleges and universities and five post-secondary institutions. Well-known colleges and universities include the [[Saint Catherine University]], [[Concordia University, Saint Paul|Concordia University]], [[Hamline University]], [[Macalester College]], and the [[University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)|University of St. Thomas]]. [[Metropolitan State University]] and [[Saint Paul College]], which focus on non-traditional students, are based in Saint Paul, as well as a law school, [[Mitchell Hamline School of Law]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Minnesota Department of Education |title=Post-Secondary Schools |url=http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_e8.jsp |year=2005 |access-date=March 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212044815/http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_e8.jsp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=December 12, 2006}}</ref>
The [[Saint Paul Public Schools]] district is the state's largest school district and serves approximately 39,000 students. The district is extremely diverse with students from families speaking 90 different languages, although only five languages are used for most school communication: English, Spanish, [[Hmong language|Hmong]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], and [[Somali language|Somali]]. The district runs 82 different schools, including 52 [[elementary school]]s, 12 [[middle school]]s, seven [[High school (North America)|high schools]], ten [[alternative school]]s, and one [[special education]] school, employing over 6,500 teachers and staff. The school district also oversees community education programs for pre-K and adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, [[GED]] Diploma, language programs, and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 2006, Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |author=Saint Paul Public Schools |url=http://www.spps.org/About_Us2.html |access-date=June 8, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604155234/http://www.spps.org/About_Us2.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=June 4, 2007 |author-link=Saint Paul Public Schools}}</ref> Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota's open enrollment statute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://education.state.mn.us/mde/Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/Public_School_Choice/Open_Enrollment/index.html |title=Open Enrollment |publisher=Minnesota Department of Education |access-date=November 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826062337/http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/Public_School_Choice/Open_Enrollment/index.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=August 26, 2010}}</ref>
A variety of [[K–12 (education)|K-12]] [[Private school|private]], [[Parochial school|parochial]], and public [[charter school]]s are also represented in the city. In 1992, Saint Paul became the first city in the US to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charter School Facts |publisher=MN Association of Charter Schools |url=http://www.mncharterschools.org/page/facts.jsp |access-date=November 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024195329/http://www.mncharterschools.org/page/facts.jsp <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref> Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools as well as 38 private schools.<ref>{{cite web |author=Minnesota Department of Education |title=Alphabetical List of Nonpublic Schools |url=http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c14.jsp |year=2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818090501/http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c14.jsp |archive-date=August 18, 2007}} and {{cite web |title=Charter Schools |url=http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c11.jsp |year=2005 |access-date=June 8, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601215335/http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c11.jsp |archive-date=June 1, 2007}}</ref> The [[Saint Paul Public Library]] system includes a central library, twelve branch locations, and a bookmobile.<ref name="libraries">{{cite web |title=Find a Location |url=https://sppl.bibliocommons.com/locations/?_ga=2.88332123.1135683607.1636131354-1299252754.1636131354/ |publisher=[[Saint Paul Public Library]] |access-date=November 5, 2021 |year=2021 |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105170222/https://sppl.bibliocommons.com/locations/?_ga=2.88332123.1135683607.1636131354-1299252754.1636131354%2F |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Media==
{{Main|Media in the Twin Cities}}
[[File:Minnesota Public Radio Ticker Saint Paul 15188440793 e36b211583 o.jpg|thumb|Minnesota Public Radio headquarters in downtown Saint Paul]]
Residents of Saint Paul can receive 10 broadcast television stations, five of which broadcast from within Saint Paul. One daily newspaper, the ''[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]'', two weekly neighborhood newspapers, the ''[[East Side Review]]'' and ''[[City Pages]]'' (owned by [[Star Tribune|The Star Tribune Company]]), and several monthly or semimonthly neighborhood papers serve the city. It was the only city in the United States with a population of 250,000 or more to see an increase in circulation of Sunday newspapers in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2007/11/05/daily4.html |first=Carissa |last=Wyant |title=Report: Daily newspaper circulation falls over 2% |date=November 5, 2007 |access-date=September 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103055449/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2007/11/05/daily4.html |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Several media outlets based in neighboring Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community, including the ''[[Star Tribune]]''. Saint Paul is home to [[Minnesota Public Radio]] (MPR), a three-format system that broadcasts on nearly 40 stations<ref>{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/radio/stations/ |title=Stations |year=2008 |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |access-date=August 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918201456/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/radio/stations/ |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> around the Midwest. MPR locally delivers news and information, classical, and The Current (which plays a wide variety of music). The station has 110,000 regional members and more than 800,000 listeners each week throughout the Upper Midwest, the largest audience of any regional public radio network.<ref name="MPRAbout">{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/mpr/ |title=Company Information |year=2008 |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |access-date=August 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918172247/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/mpr/ |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Also operating as part of [[American Public Media]], MPR's programming reaches five million listeners, most notably through ''[[Live from Here]]'', hosted by [[Chris Thile]] (previously known as ''[[A Prairie Home Companion]]'', hosted by [[Garrison Keillor]], who also lives in the city).<ref name="MPRAbout" /> The [[Fitzgerald Theater]], renamed in 1994 for Saint Paul native and novelist [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], is home to the show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/fitzgerald_theater/ |title=The Fitzgerald Theater |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |year=2008 |access-date=August 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918201102/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/fitzgerald_theater/ |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Transportation==
===Interstate and roadways===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=20%}}
'''Interstate Highways'''<br />
[[File:I-35E.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|Interstate 35E]]<br />
[[File:I-94 (MN).svg|25px]] [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|Interstate 94]]<br />
{{col-break|width=15%}}
'''US Highways'''<br />
[[File:US 10.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 10 in Minnesota|US 10]]<br />
[[File:US 52.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 52 in Minnesota|US 52]]<br />
[[File:US 61.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 61 in Minnesota|US 61]]<br />
{{col-break|width=65%}}
'''Minnesota Highways'''<br />
[[File:MN-5.svg|25px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 5|Highway 5]]<br />
[[File:MN-51.svg|25px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 51|Highway 51]]<br />
[[File:MN-280 wide.svg|25px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 280|Highway 280]]<br />
{{col-end}}
{{Clear|right}}
[[File:Saint Paul-2005-10-27.jpg|thumb|I-94 as it enters downtown Saint Paul from the west]]
Residents use [[Interstate 35E (Minnesota)|Interstate 35E]] running north–south and [[Interstate 94]] running east–west. Trunk highways include [[U.S. Route 52 in Minnesota|U.S. Highway 52]], [[Minnesota State Highway 280]], and [[Minnesota State Highway 5]]. St. Paul has several unique roads such as [[Ayd Mill Road]], Phalen Boulevard and [[Shepard Road/Warner Road]], which diagonally follow particular geographic features in the city. Biking is also gaining popularity, due to the creation of more paved [[Segregated cycle facilities|bike lanes]] that connect to other bike routes throughout the [[metropolitan area]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bike-n-Ride by bus |publisher=Metro Transit |url=http://www.metrotransit.org/serviceInfo/bikeByBus.asp |access-date=September 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820225846/http://www.metrotransit.org/serviceInfo/bikeByBus.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=August 20, 2007}}</ref> and the creation of [[Nice Ride Minnesota]], a seasonally operated nonprofit bicycle sharing and rental system that has over 1,550 bicycles and 170 stations in both Minneapolis and St. Paul.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/local/229475001.html |title=Nice Ride Minnesota: Ambitious plans set for 2014 season |website=[[Star Tribune]] |access-date=November 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031092913/http://www.startribune.com/local/229475001.html |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Downtown St. Paul has a five-mile (8 km) enclosed [[skyway]] system over 25 city blocks.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=N.S. |publisher=About, Inc., The New York Times Company |work=About.com |title=Skyways: Downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul Skyways |url=http://minneapolis.about.com/od/travelweather/a/skyways.htm |access-date=March 15, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105064423/http://minneapolis.about.com/od/travelweather/a/skyways.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The {{convert|563|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Avenue of the Saints]] connects St. Paul with [[St. Louis, Missouri]].
The layout of city streets and roads has often drawn complaints. While he was [[Governor of Minnesota]], [[Jesse Ventura]] appeared on the ''[[Late Show with David Letterman]]'',<ref>{{cite web |last=Khoo |first=Michael |title=The days of Jesse |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |date=December 15, 2002 |url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200212/16_khoom_ventura/ |access-date=September 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812220137/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200212/16_khoom_ventura/ |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and remarked that the streets were designed by "drunken Irishmen".<ref name="stumbles">{{cite news |title=Gov. Ventura Stumbles |newspaper=New York Times |date=February 6, 1999 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/26/us/gov-ventura-stumbles.html |access-date=September 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607123502/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/26/us/gov-ventura-stumbles.html |archive-date=June 7, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> He later apologized, though people had been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point.<ref name="stumbles" /> Some of the city's road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River, hilly topography, conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city, and grand plans only half-realized. Outside of downtown, the roads are less confusing, but most roads are named, rather than numbered, increasing the difficulty for non-natives to navigate.<ref>{{cite book |last=L. Empson |first=Donald |title=The Street Where You Live |year=2006 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |isbn=978-0-8166-4729-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/streetwhereyouli0000emps/page/17 17] |url=https://archive.org/details/streetwhereyouli0000emps/page/17}}</ref>
===Mass transit===
[[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] provides bus service and light rail in the Minneapolis–St. Paul area. The [[METRO Green Line]] is an {{convert|11|mi|km|0|adj=on}} [[light rail]] line that connects downtown St. Paul to downtown Minneapolis with 14 stations in St. Paul. The Green Line runs west along [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul)|University Avenue]], through the [[University of Minnesota]] campus, until it links up and then shares stations with the [[Blue Line (Minnesota)|METRO Blue Line]] in downtown Minneapolis. Construction began in November 2010 and the line began service on June 14, 2014.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Metropolitan Council |title=Central Corridor next steps and timeline |date=April 2, 2007 |url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/centralcorridor.htm |access-date=April 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929121120/http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/centralcorridor.htm |archive-date=September 29, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2014/06/15/talking-points-green-line-opening-hailed-a-big-success/ |title=Talking Points: Green Line Opening Hailed A Big Success |first=Esme |last=Murphy |access-date=June 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022090528/http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2014/06/15/talking-points-green-line-opening-hailed-a-big-success/ |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Green Line averaged 42,500 rides per weekday in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kerr |first1=Drew |title=Light rail, Bus Rapid Transit lines set annual ridership records |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/light-rail-bus-rapid-transit-lines-set-annual-ridership-records |access-date=February 18, 2022 |work=Metro Transit |date=February 11, 2019 |archive-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524230051/https://www.metrotransit.org/light-rail-bus-rapid-transit-lines-set-annual-ridership-records |url-status=live}}</ref> Planning is underway for the [[Riverview Corridor]], a rail line that will connect downtown Saint Paul to the airport and Mall of America.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Janet |title=Early plans for streetcar route under Historic Fort Snelling raise concerns |url=https://www.startribune.com/riverview-corridor-streetcar-route-to-burrow-under-historic-fort-snelling/498936151/ |access-date=February 18, 2022 |work=Star Tribune |date=October 30, 2018 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218232323/https://www.startribune.com/riverview-corridor-streetcar-route-to-burrow-under-historic-fort-snelling/498936151/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[A Line (Minnesota)|METRO A Line]] opened in 2016 as Minneapolis–Saint Paul's first arterial [[bus rapid transit]] line. The A Line connects the Blue Line at [[46th Street (Metro Transit station)|46th Street station]] to [[Rosedale Center]] with a connection at the Green Line [[Snelling Avenue (Metro Transit station)|Snelling Avenue station]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.metrotransit.org/a-line-project |title=A-Line |access-date=August 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821001241/http://www.metrotransit.org/a-line-project |archive-date=August 21, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Future [[Metro (Minnesota)|METRO lines]] are planned that will serve Saint Paul with the [[Metro B Line|B Line]] and [[Metro E Line|E Line]] Line running primarily on arterial streets, and the [[Metro Gold Line (Minnesota)|Gold Line]] and [[Metro Purple Line (Minnesota)|Purple Line]] running primarily in their own right of way.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metro Network - Metro Transit |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/metro-network |website=www.metrotransit.org |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218232323/https://www.metrotransit.org/metro-network |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Melo |first1=Frederick |title=Metro Transit seeks public feedback on B Line from downtown St. Paul to Uptown Minneapolis |url=https://www.twincities.com/2021/07/27/metro-transit-seeks-public-feedback-on-b-line-from-downtown-st-paul-to-uptown-minneapolis/ |access-date=February 18, 2022 |work=Twin Cities |date=July 27, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218232324/https://www.twincities.com/2021/07/27/metro-transit-seeks-public-feedback-on-b-line-from-downtown-st-paul-to-uptown-minneapolis/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Railroad===
[[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Empire Builder]]'' between [[Chicago]] and [[Seattle]] stops twice daily in each direction at the newly renovated [[Saint Paul Union Depot]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Amtrak |title=St. Paul-Minneapolis, MN (MSP) |url=http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/am2Station/Station_Page&c=am2Station&cid=1080080551718&ssid=85 |access-date=April 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404195900/http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak%2Fam2Station%2FStation_Page&c=am2Station&cid=1080080551718&ssid=85 |archive-date=April 4, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ridership on the train increased about 6% from 2005 to over 505,000 in fiscal year 2007.<ref name="SP_EB_WDN">{{cite news |last=Sommerhauser |first=Mark |title=Mayors claim more riders should spur more service on Amtrak line |work=[[Winona Daily News|The Winona Daily News]] |publisher=[[Lee Enterprises]] |date=July 24, 2008 |url=http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2008/07/24/news/00lead.txt |access-date=July 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801220458/http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2008/07/24/news/00lead.txt |archive-date=August 1, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A Minnesota Department of Transportation study found that increased daily service to Chicago should be economically viable, especially if it originates in St. Paul and does not experience delays from the rest of the western route of the Empire Builder.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.startribune.com/additional-twin-cities-chicago-rail-service-viable-study-finds/494081611/ |title=Additional Twin Cities-Chicago rail service viable, study finds |first=Janet |last=Moore |newspaper=Star Tribune |date=September 23, 2018 |access-date=November 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003724/http://www.startribune.com/additional-twin-cities-chicago-rail-service-viable-study-finds/494081611/ |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saint Paul is the site of the Pig's Eye Yard, a major freight [[classification yard]] for [[Canadian Pacific Railway]].<ref name="StP_PE_Rhodes">{{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Michael |title=North American Railyards |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |year=2003 |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota |pages=128 |isbn=978-0-7603-1578-1}}</ref> As of 2003, the yard handled over 1,000 freight cars per day.<ref name="StP_PE_Rhodes" /> Both [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]] and [[BNSF Railway|Burlington Northern Santa Fe]] run trains through the yard, though they are not classified at Pig's Eye.<ref name="StP_PE_Rhodes" /> Burlington Northern Santa Fe operates the large Northtown Yard in Minneapolis, which handles about 600 cars per day.<ref name="StP_NT_Rhodes">{{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Michael |title=North American Railyards |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |year=2003 |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota |pages=16 |isbn=978-0-7603-1578-1}}</ref> There are several other small yards located around the city.
[[File:20080312-StPaulDowntownAirport.jpg|thumb|Saint Paul Downtown Airport (Holman Field)]]
===Airports===
[[St. Paul Downtown Airport|Holman Airfield]] is across the river from downtown St. Paul. Lamprey Lake was there until the Army Corps of Engineers filled it with dredgings starting in the early 1920s. [[Northwest Airlines]] began initial operations from Holman in 1926. During WWII Northwest had a contract to install upgraded radar systems in [[B-24s]], employing 5,000 at the airfield. After WWII, Holman Airfield competed with the [[Speedway Field]] for the Twin Cities' growing aviation industry and lost out in the end. Today Holman is a [[FAA airport categories|reliever airport]] run by the [[Metropolitan Airports Commission]]. It is home to Minnesota's Air National Guard and a flight training school and is tailored to [[Companies based in Minneapolis–St. Paul|local corporate]] aviation. There are three runways, with the [[Holman Field Administration Building]] and [[Riverside Hangar]] on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="MAC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mspairport.com/relievers/st_paul/default.aspx |title=St. Paul Downtown Airport |access-date=November 19, 2007 |publisher=Metropolitan Airports Commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014840/http://www.mspairport.com/relievers/st_paul/default.aspx |archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> The historical importance of the original Northwest Airlines building was realized only after demolition commenced.
For the most part St. Paul's aviation needs are served by the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport]] (MSP), which sits on {{convert|2,930|acre|km2}} in the [[Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory]] bordering the city to the southwest. MSP serves 17 commercial passenger airlines<ref>{{cite web |title=Airlines |publisher=MSP Airport (mspairport.com) |url=https://www.mspairport.com/flights-and-airlines/airlines |access-date=June 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604225354/https://www.mspairport.com/flights-and-airlines/airlines |archive-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref> and is the hub of [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Mesaba Airlines]] and [[Sun Country Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Air Line Pilots Association |title=Pilot Groups |url=http://www.alpa.org/?tabid=183 |access-date=March 15, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709065118/http://www.alpa.org/?tabid=183 |archive-date=July 9, 2007}}</ref>
==Sister cities==
Saint Paul's [[Sister city|sister cities]] are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities and States of Minnesota |url=https://mn.gov/deed/business/exporting/about/sisters.jsp |website=mn.gov |publisher=Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=May 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516002147/https://mn.gov/deed/business/exporting/about/sisters.jsp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=St. Paul adds new sister city, Mogadishu. About a dozen others have that designation |url=https://www.twincities.com/2019/05/10/st-paul-mn-adds-a-new-sister-city-mogadishu/ |website=twincities.com |publisher=Twin Cities Pioneer Press |date=May 10, 2019 |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012154052/https://www.twincities.com/2019/05/10/st-paul-mn-adds-a-new-sister-city-mogadishu/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Changsha]], China
*{{flagicon|SLV}} [[Usulután Department|Ciudad Romero]], El Salvador
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Culiacán]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|DJI}} [[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti City]], Djibouti
*{{flagicon|RSA}} [[George Local Municipality|George]], South Africa
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Manzanillo, Colima|Manzanillo]], Mexico
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Modena]], Italy
*{{flagicon|SOM}} [[Mogadishu]], Somalia
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nagasaki]], Japan (from 1955 – the oldest sister city in Japan)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Neuss]], Germany
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Novosibirsk]], Russia
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tiberias]], Israel
{{div col end}}
==Notable people==
{{div col}}
* [[Walter Abel]] (1898–1987), actor
* [[Claude Henry Allen]] (1899–1974), Minnesota state legislator and lawyer
* [[Loni Anderson]] (born 1946), actress
* [[Louie Anderson]] (1953–2022), comedian
* [[Wendell Anderson]] (1933–2016), U.S. senator
* [[Richard Arlen]] (1899–1976), actor
* [[Merrill Ashley]] (born 1950), ballet dancer and ''répétiteur''
* [[Roger Awsumb]] (1928–2002), TV show host "Casey Jones"
* [[Azayamankawin]] ({{circa|1803}}–{{circa|1873}}), canoe ferry operator and entrepreneur known as "Old Bets"
* [[Ernest A. Beedle]] (1933–1968), Minnesota state legislator and lawyer
* [[Tony L. Bennett]] (1940–2022), Minnesota state legislator and police officer
* [[Harry Blackmun]] (1908–1999), U.S. Supreme Court associate justice, grew up in St. Paul
* [[Winfield S. Braddock]] (1848–1920), Wisconsin state assemblyman
* [[Herb Brooks]] (1937–2003), hockey coach
* [[Warren E. Burger]] (1907–1995), U.S. Supreme Court chief justice
* [[Margaret Mary Byrne]] (born 1949), Minnesota state legislator
* [[John T. Clawson]] (1945–2011), Minnesota state legislator and Lutheran minister
* [[Melva Clemaire]] (1874–1937), soprano singer
* [[Nia Coffey]] (born 1995), [[WNBA]] player
* [[Francis Roach Delano]] (1823–1887), state legislator
* [[Neil Dieterich]] (born 1943), state legislator and lawyer
* [[John Drew (Minnesota politician)|John Drew]] (1940–1997), Minnesota state legislator and businessman
* [[Robert Rankin Dunlap]] (1915–1992), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Kevin Eakin]] (born 1981), NFL player
* [[Leslie J. Edhlund]] (1911–1994), American politician and mechanical engineer
* [[Sarah K. England]], physiologist and biophysicist
* [[Eyedea]] (1981–2010), rap artist
* [[Ray W. Faricy]] (born 1934), Minnesota state legislator and lawyer
* [[Robert J. Ferderer]] (1934–2009), politician and businessman
* [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] (1896–1940), author
* [[George H. Gehan]] (1901–1968), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Michael J. George]] (1948–2010), state legislator and businessman
* [[Arthur T. Gibbons]] (1903–1986), state legislator and businessman
* [[Rollin Glewwe]] (1933–2020), state senator and businessman
* [[Conrad Gotzian]] (1835–1887), state legislator and merchant
* [[Karl F. Grittner]] (1922–2011), state legislator and educator
* [[William Sprigg Hall]] (1832–1875), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Daniel W. Hand]] (1869–1945), U.S. Army brigadier general<ref>{{cite news |date=October 13, 1945 |title=Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzxVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA250 |work=[[Army and Navy Journal]] |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Army and Navy Journal, Inc. |page=250 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref={{sfnRef|"Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand"}}}}</ref>
* [[Charles Robert Hansen]] (1909–2000), state senator and businessman
* [[Josh Hartnett]] (born 1978), actor
* [[Andrew Osborne Hayfield]] (1905–1981), businessman and state legislator
* [[Mitch Hedberg]] (1968–2005), comedian
* [[Hippo Campus]], indie rock band
* [[Paul Holmgren]] (born 1955), NHL player, general manager, president of Philadelphia Flyers
* [[Nellie A. Hope]] (1864–1918), violinist, music teacher, orchestra conductor
* [[JoAnna James]] (born 1980), singer/songwriter
* [[Timothy M. Kaine]] (born 1958), U.S. senator, [[governor of Virginia]]
* [[Rachel Keller (actress)|Rachel Keller]] (born 1992), actress
* [[Allan Kingdom]] (born 1993), rap artist
* [[Dick Kostohryz]] (1930–1994), police officer, businessman, and Minnesota state legislator
* [[Minneapolis Police Department|Thomas K. Lane]] (born 1983), former Minneapolis police officer who assisted [[Derek Chauvin]] in the [[murder of George Floyd]], born in St. Paul
* [[Jim Lange]] (1932–2014), TV presenter, game show host, and disc jockey
* [[Sunisa Lee]] (born 2003), Olympic gymnast and gold medalist
* [[Tony Levine]] (born 1972), football coach
* [[Joe Mauer]] (born 1983), MLB player
* [[Ryan McDonagh]] (born 1989), NHL player
* [[Robert O. McEachern]] (1927–2008), teacher and state legislator
* [[Margaret Bischell McFadden]], philanthropist and social worker
* [[Edwin H. Meihofer]] (1907–2003), labor union activist and state representative
* [[Frederick P. Memmer]] (1907–1984), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Peter J. Memmer]] (1886–1957), state senator and businessman
* [[Kate Millett]] (1934–2017), scholar, author, feminist
* [[Paul Molitor]] (born 1956), MLB player
* [[Jack Morris]] (born 1955), MLB player
* [[LeRoy Neiman]] (1921–2012), artist
* [[Thomas Warren Newcome]] (1923–2011), lawyer and state representative
* [[Kyle Okposo]] (born 1988), NHL player
* [[Sally Olsen (Minnesota politician)|Sally Olsen]] (1934–2022), lawyer and state legislator
* [[Bruce Olson]] (born 1941), missionary
* [[Joseph T. O'Neill]] (1931–2022), lawyer and state legislator
* [[Howard Orenstein]] (born 1955), state representative and lawyer
* [[Clifton T. Parks]] (1895–1976), state legislator and lawyer
* [[Tim Pawlenty]] (born 1960), governor of Minnesota
* [[Alfred E. Perlman]] (1902–1983), president of [[New York Central Railroad]] and its successor, [[Penn Central]]
* [[Walt Perlt]] (1927–2002), state representative
* [[Anthony Podgorski]] (1903–1987), businessman and state representative
* [[Joseph L. Prifrel]] (1905–1997), state representative, furrier, and businessman
* [[Robert W. Reif]] (1921–2011), state representative and physician
* [[Isaac Rosefelt]] (born 1985), American-Israeli basketball player
* [[Charles M. Schulz]] (1922–2000), cartoonist, born in Minneapolis, grew up in St. Paul
* [[Ervin Harold Schulz]] (1911–1978), businessman, newspaper editor, state representative, grew up in Saint Paul
* [[Chad Smith]] (born 1961), drummer of the [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] since 1988, born in Saint Paul
* [[William Smith (Paymaster general)|William Smith]] (1831–1912), [[paymaster-general of the United States Army]], worked in and retired to St. Paul<ref name="Marquis">{{cite book |editor-last=Marquis |editor-first=Albert N. |editor-link=Albert Nelson Marquis |date=1911 |title=Who's Who In America |volume=VI |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COkDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1785 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=A. N. Marquis |page=1785 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* [[Vernon L. Sommerdorf]] (1921–2009), state representative and physician
* [[Peter P. Stumpf Jr.]] (1948–2010), businessman and Minnesota state senator, born in Saint Paul
* [[Terrell Suggs]], NFL player
* [[Dennis Mark Sullivan]] (1841–1917), businessman, Saint Paul City Council member, state representative
* [[Frances Tarbox]] (1874–1959), composer
* [[John D. Tomlinson]] (1929–1992), Minnesota state legislator and businessman
* [[Fred Tschida]] (born 1949), artist, born in Saint Paul
* [[Kathleen Vellenga]] (born 1938), Minnesota state legislator and educator
* [[Lindsey Vonn]] (born 1984), Olympic skier and gold medalist
* [[DeWitt Wallace]] (1889–1981), magazine publisher and co-founder of ''Reader's Digest''
* [[Richard Ambrose Walsh]] (1862–1940), Minnesota state representative and lawyer
* [[Leslie L. Westin]] (1917–1985), American businessman, educator, and Minnesota state senator
* [[Dave Winfield]] (born 1951), MLB player
'''Medal of Honor recipients:'''
*Civil War: Private [[Marshall Sherman]], Co C 1st Minnesota captured [[28th Virginia battle flag|the flag]] of the [[28th Virginia Infantry]] at [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]]
*Indian Wars: Pvt. [[John Tracy (Medal of Honor)|John Tracy]] G Co. [[8th Cavalry Regiment|8th Cavalry]] Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, Apache War
*Indian Wars: [[Charles H. Welch (Medal of Honor)|Charles H. Welch]], I Co. [[9th Cavalry]] ([[Buffalo soldiers]]) [[Ghost Dance War]]
*Spanish-American War: Captain [[Jesse Dyer]] USMC, [[Battle of Vera Cruz|Vera Cruz]], Mexico
* World War II: Captain [[Richard E. Fleming|Richard Fleming]] USMC [[VMA-241]] Squadron, for whom [[South St. Paul Municipal Airport|Fleming Field]] is named
*Korean War: Lt. Colonel [[John U. D. Page|John Page]], U.S. Army, [[Battle of Chosin Reservoir]]
{{div col end}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Geography|North America|United States|Minnesota}}
* [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]
{{clear}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{sister project links|Saint Paul, Minnesota|wikt=Saint Paul|c=Category:Saint Paul, Minnesota|voy=Saint Paul|d=Q28848}}
* {{Official|https://www.stpaul.gov/}}
* [https://www.visitsaintpaul.com/ Official Tourism site]
* [https://video.tpt.org/video/tpt-documentaries-lowertown-rise-urban-village/ ''Lowertown: The Rise of an Urban Village''] – Documentary produced by [[Twin Cities PBS]]
{{City of Saint Paul}}
{{Saint Paul neighborhoods}}
{{navboxes
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| list =
{{Ramsey County, Minnesota}}
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{{All-American City Award Hall of Fame}}
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}}
{{USPopulousCities}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Saint Paul, Minnesota| ]]
[[Category:1848 establishments in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Cities in Minnesota]]
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1848]]' |
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27 => 'https://archive.org/details/adakotaenglishd00rigggoog',
28 => 'https://archive.org/details/adakotaenglishd00rigggoog/page/n211',
29 => 'http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/lambland.htm',
30 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080925172925/http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/lambland.htm',
31 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20181005112532/https://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/chart.aspx',
32 => 'https://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/chart.aspx',
33 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090105010630/http://www.minnesotahistorycenter.org/exhibits/territory/territory/treaty/treaty4.html',
34 => 'http://www.minnesotahistorycenter.org/exhibits/territory/territory/treaty/treaty4.html',
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36 => 'http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm',
37 => 'https://www.historicsaintpaul.org/sites/default/files/1983%20Survey%20Dist%201.pdf',
38 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201127235806/https://www.historicsaintpaul.org/sites/default/files/1983%20Survey%20Dist%201.pdf',
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42 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070711133037/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm',
43 => 'http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm',
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53 => 'http://mnaatf.org/LucienGaltierPMougel.pdf',
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93 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070103012949/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/07s0378.xls',
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96 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070518201556/http://home.att.net/~minn_climo/',
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104 => 'https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html',
105 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210321050514/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html',
106 => 'https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=st.%20paul,%20minnesota&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2',
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109 => 'http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html',
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111 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/',
112 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html',
113 => 'https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html',
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134 => 'http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet;jsessionid=f030f2337f5b$3F$3F$3',
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6 => 'http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/07/21/daily1.html',
7 => 'http://www.capitalcitypartnership.com/stpaulmrkt/work.shtml',
8 => 'http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2014/06/15/talking-points-green-line-opening-hailed-a-big-success/',
9 => 'http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/12/17/sports/main257971.shtml',
10 => 'http://mn-stpaul.civicplus.com/DocumentView.asp?DID=1114',
11 => 'http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/michael_farber/12/04/hockeytown1210/index.html',
12 => 'http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/magazine/features/si50/states/minnesota/sports_town/',
13 => 'http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=102508',
14 => 'http://www.familyhistoryfiles.com/site_text/documents/hfs_peanuts.htm',
15 => 'http://www.foxsports.com/north/story/mls-fight-won-minnesota-united-fc-still-going-through-process-of-financing-facility-051915',
16 => 'http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/mn/tornadoes/stpaul-minneapolis-tornado-aug1904.htm',
17 => 'http://www.hmongtoday.com/page11501913.aspx',
18 => 'http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download;jsessionid=fmsejsjc7e0i3.alice?pub=infobike://schweiz/mz/2006/00000015/00000003/art00001&mimetype=application/pdf',
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20 => 'http://www.jazzpolice.com/content/view/1381/115/',
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23 => 'http://www.minnesotatwinstickets.com/venues/xcel-energy-center-tickets.php',
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29 => 'http://saintpaulalmanac.com/f-turf-club-st-paul.shtml',
30 => 'http://www.saintsbaseball.com/team/history/',
31 => 'http://www.startribune.com/10242/story/1518765.html',
32 => 'http://www.startribune.com/additional-twin-cities-chicago-rail-service-viable-study-finds/494081611/',
33 => 'http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/art/25873384.html',
34 => 'http://www.startribune.com/local/229475001.html',
35 => 'http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/27123_2000.asp',
36 => 'http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_10021824',
37 => 'http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_20890920/tickets-circus-juventas-summer-show-announced',
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39 => 'http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMN0664',
40 => 'http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2008/07/24/news/00lead.txt',
41 => 'http://www.winter-carnival.com/history/',
42 => 'http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/curriculum/gomn/tc_geog/from_swede_hollow_to_arlington_hills.pdf',
43 => 'http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm#mn1',
44 => 'http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm',
45 => 'http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0591.htm',
46 => 'http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0493.htm',
47 => 'http://chicagopresents.uchicago.edu/series/stpaul/',
48 => 'http://goldstein.che.umn.edu/',
49 => 'http://www.hhh.umn.edu/img/assets/23537/Twin%20Cities%20Mayoral%20Historical%20Overview.pdf',
50 => 'http://showboat.umn.edu/',
51 => 'http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/outside.jsp?survey=sm',
52 => 'http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet;jsessionid=f030f2337f5b$3F$3F$3',
53 => 'http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/27/2758000.html',
54 => 'http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmavg.txt',
55 => 'http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/indimoun.htm',
56 => 'http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/lambland.htm',
57 => 'http://www.nps.gov/miss/riverfacts.htm',
58 => 'http://www.stpaul.gov/',
59 => 'http://www.stpaul.gov/code/ch002.html',
60 => 'http://www.stpaul.gov/index.asp?nid=1859',
61 => 'http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ac002.html#sec2.01.',
62 => 'http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch002.html',
63 => 'http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html',
64 => 'http://www.stpaul.gov/web/CityCode/ch004.html#sec4.01.',
65 => 'http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552598205171',
66 => 'http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/navigation/default.asp?pageid=145&subpageid=146',
67 => 'http://home.att.net/~minn_climo/',
68 => 'http://www.alpa.org/?tabid=183',
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70 => 'http://www.brycs.org/brycs_spotjune04.htm',
71 => 'http://www.cathedralsaintpaul.org/about/history.asp',
72 => 'http://www.cpn.org/topics/community/stpaul.html',
73 => 'http://www.daytonsbluff.org/old/AShortHistoryofMoundsPark.html',
74 => '//doi.org/10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130',
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80 => 'http://www.metromsp.org/Communities/ramsey.htm',
81 => 'http://www.metrotransit.org/a-line-project',
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83 => 'http://www.minneapolis.org/page/minnesota-professional-sports-teams.jsp',
84 => 'http://www.minnesotahistorycenter.org/exhibits/territory/territory/treaty/treaty4.html',
85 => 'http://mnaatf.org/LucienGaltierPMougel.pdf',
86 => 'http://www.mncharterschools.org/page/facts.jsp',
87 => 'http://www.mncn.org/hmongbriefing.htm',
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89 => 'http://www.oah.org/pubs/nl/2007feb/wingerd.html',
90 => 'http://www.ordway.org/',
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95 => 'http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/05/20_tonessb_consulate/',
96 => 'http://www.rondoaveinc.org/history.html',
97 => 'http://www.roseensemble.org/about/history.html',
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105 => 'http://www.ci.bloomington.mn.us/main_top/2_facilities/rec_facility/pond/signs/dakota_life/dakota_life.htm',
106 => 'http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/cb/charter/index.htm',
107 => 'http://www.co.ramsey.mn.us/pm/location.asp',
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109 => 'http://education.state.mn.us/mde/Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/Public_School_Choice/Open_Enrollment/index.html',
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111 => 'http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_c14.jsp',
112 => 'http://app.education.state.mn.us/Directories/report_e8.jsp',
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163 => 'https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt',
164 => 'https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2018/index.html',
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