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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Military operation of the Syrian Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)
| width = 420px
| partof = the [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[Russian military intervention in Syria]]
| image = SyrianDesert2.svg
| image_size = 320px
| caption = {{plainlist|
*{{leftlegend|#db4141|Controlled by the [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syrian government]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#cae7c4|Controlled by the [[Syrian opposition]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#cc829b|Controlled by the [[Federal government of Iraq|Iraqi government]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#b3b2ae|Controlled by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]}}}}
| date = 7 May – 13 July 2017<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=13|year2=2017}})
| place = [[Syrian Desert]], [[Syria]]
* South, eastern and central [[Homs Governorate]]<ref name="syriahr2"/>
* Eastern [[as-Suwayda Governorate]]<ref name="chunk"/>
* South and eastern [[Rif Dimashq Governorate]]
| territory =
| result =
| status = Decisive [[Syrian Arab Army|Syrian Army]] and allies victory
*In late May, Syrian Army captured over 20,000 sq km of territory,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/col-taarruzu-suriye-ordusu-20-000-kilometrekare-alani-kontrol-altina-aldi/|title=Çöl taarruzu: Suriye ordusu, +20.000 kilometrekare alanı kontrol altına aldı|date=10 June 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]|access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> including the [[Damascus]]–[[Palmyra]] highway<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/|title=Syrian Army liberates roads between Damascus, Palmyra: video|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=26 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]|access-date=27 May 2017}}</ref> and a large part of the eastern half of [[as-Suwayda Governorate|As-Suwayda province]],<ref name="chunk"/> encircling the rebel-held Eastern Qalamoun pocket<ref>{{Citation |title=The World على Facebook Watch |url=https://ar-ar.facebook.com/TheWorldWeAre/videos/on-may-26th-2017-the-syrian-arab-army-saa-and-its-allies-announced-start-of-the-/1213225135469969/ |access-date=2022-03-09}}</ref>
*Syrian Army secured part of [[Iraq–Syria border|Syrian-Iraqi border]] for the first time since 2015, at the same time erasing the frontline between US-backed forces and ISIL
*Syrian Army approaches and enters the province of [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]] from the south, cutting the [[Al-Qa'im (town)|Al-Qaim]]-[[Al-Sukhnah, Syria|Al-Sukhnah]] road{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
*By mid-July, Syrian Army captured 3,000 sq km of territory from the FSA in the north-eastern part [[as-Suwayda Governorate|As-Suwayda province]] and southern [[Rif Dimashq Governorate|Rif Dimashq province]]<ref name="blitz"/>
| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Arab Republic]]}}
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Armed Forces]]
* Pro-gov. militias<ref name="chunk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-lose-large-chunk-territory-syrian-army-east-sweida/|title=US-backed rebels lose large chunk of territory to Syrian Army in east Sweida|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=20 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia]]<ref name="russian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-forces-arrive-southern-syria/|title=Russian forces arrive in southern Syria|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><br/>''Allied militias:''<br/>{{Flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated militias<ref name="poised">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-iraqi-forces-poised-help-syrian-army-capture-baghdad-damascus-highway/|title=Hezbollah, Iraqi forces poised to help Syrian Army capture Baghdad-Damascus Highway|author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="pour">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-syrian-desert-despite-us-airstrikes/|title=In pictures: Syrian Army reinforcements pour into the Syrian desert despite US airstrikes|last=Tomson|first=Chris|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=19 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]]<ref name="afghan">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Afghan Fatemiyoun Division operative killed near US base in southeastern Syria|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=7 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref><br/>'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|UAE}}<br/>{{flag|Egypt}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256|title=Gulf state's support for the Russian military campaign against Syria, leaked document from the Air Force confirms|date=11 July 2018|access-date=5 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215213055/http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256|archive-date=13 July 2018}}</ref>
| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]}}<br/>
'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568|title=The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat|first=ABC|last=News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manson |first=Katrina |date=2017-05-18 |title=US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Financial Times}}</ref>
<br/>{{flag|Jordan}}<br/>{{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name="test" /><br/>{{flag|Norway}}<ref name="test" />
| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] <small>(since 23 May)</small>
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Iran}} Maj. Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]]<ref name="soleimani">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php|title=Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[Quds Force]] chief commander)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Mowafiq As'ad<ref name="eastern commander">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/|title=Syrian military names new commander in eastern provinces |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria until 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. Rafiq Shahadeh<ref name="eastern commander" /><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria from 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour{{KIA}}<ref name="top army">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27445.html|title=ISIS kills top army commander in Syrian desert|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Syrian Army top commander)}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Syria}} Turki Albu Hamad<ref name="Muqatili">{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19789/quwat-muqatili-al-ashair-tribal-auxiliary-forces |title=Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=2 April 2017|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|}} Mohammad Hosseini "Salman"{{KIA}}<ref name="afghan"/><br/>{{small|(Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade intelligence chief)}}
| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Tlas Salama<ref name=tlas>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1851KY|title=Syrian planes strike rebel outposts near Jordanian border|last=Al-Khalidi|first=Suleiman|date=9 May 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref><br/>({{small|Lions of the East Army commander}})<br/>
{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Lt. Col. Muhannad Tala<ref name=base>{{Cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html|title=Syrian rebel commander: 150 US troops at al-Tanf base|work=[[Al-Monitor]]|author=Muhammad Ersan|date=1 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612084048/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html|archive-date=12 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br/> ({{small|Revolutionary Commando Army commander}})
| commander3 = Unknown
| units1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Army.svg}} [[Syrian Army]]<ref name="assad army">{{cite news|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/26145.html|title=Assad army deploys troops near the borderline with Jordan, Iraq|work=Zaman al-Wasl|date=14 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="setback">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-suffer-major-setback-syrian-army-troops-capture-much-eastern-sweida/|title=US-backed rebels suffer major setback as Syrian Army troops capture much of eastern Sweida|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=18 May 2017|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
** [[3rd Armoured Division (Syria)|3rd Division]]
*** [[File:Qalamoun Shield Forces infobox logo.png|16px]] [[Qalamoun Shield Forces]]
** [[4th Armoured Division (Syria)|4th Division]]
** [[5th Armoured Division (Syria)|5th Division]]
** [[7th Infantry Division (Syria)|7th Division]]
** [[15th Special Forces Division]]
** 5th Corps
* {{flagicon image|InfoboxNDF.png}} [[National Defence Forces (Syria)|National Defence Forces]]<ref name="reinforcements"/>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Air Force.svg}} [[Syrian Arab Air Force]]
{{flagicon|Syria}} Syrian pro-government militias
*[[File:Emblem of the Palestine Liberation Army.svg|19px]] [[Palestine Liberation Army]]<ref name="partaking">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-pro-syria-palestinian-troops-partaking-huge-badia-offensive/|title=In pictures: Pro-Syria Palestinian troops partaking in huge Badia offensive|date=11 July 2017}}</ref>
** 413th Battalion<ref name="partaking"/>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party|SSNP]]<ref name="pour" />
* [[File:Emblem of Liwa Al-Quds.svg|18px]] [[Liwa al-Quds]]<ref name="quds">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27483.html|title=Liwa al Quds mourns 17 militants killed by ISIS in Palmyra|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=27 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>
* [[Baqir Brigade]]<ref name="soleimani" />
* [[Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes]]<ref name="Muqatili"/>
* Saraya al-Areen<ref name="chunk" />
* Jaafariyah Force<ref name="outpacing">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iran-is-outpacing-assad-for-control-of-syrias-shia-militias |title= Iran Is Outpacing Assad for Control of Syria's Shia Militias |author=Phillip Smyth |work=Washington Institute |date=12 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref>
** Sayyida al Raqqia Brigade<ref name="test" /><ref name="outpacing"/>
* al-Mukhtar al-Thiqfi Brigade<ref name="outpacing"/>
{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated Iraqi militias
* [[Kata'ib al-Imam Ali]]<ref name="reinforcements"/>
* [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]]<ref name="reinforcements"/>
* [[Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada]]<ref name="test" />
* [[Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas]]<ref name="test" />
* [[Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba]]<ref name="soleimani" />
* [[Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham|LAAG]]<ref name="who leads">{{cite web|url=http://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/story/12043/Who-leads-operates-Iran-militias-in-al-Tanf |title=Who leads, operates Iran militias in al-Tanf? |author=Mostapha Hassan |work=Baghdad Post|date=13 June 2017|access-date=23 September 2017}}</ref>
* Harakat al Abdal<ref name="test" />
* Iraqi Liberation Movement<ref name="bringing">{{cite news|url=http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677|title=Assad regime bringing in new Iraqi militias|work=El-Dorar Al-Shamia|date=12 May 2017|access-date=15 May 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826095055/http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677|archive-date=26 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Force 313<ref name="bringing" />
* Ansar Allah al Awfiya in Iraq and Syria<ref name="soleimani" />
* Jihad Companies<ref name="soleimani" />
* Liwa'a Zulfiqar<ref name="who leads" />
{{flagicon image|}} Liwa Fatemiyoun
* Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade<ref name="afghan"/>
{{flagicon image|Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg}} [[Russian Armed Forces]] and affiliated units
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian Air Force.svg}} [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]
* {{flagicon image|Герб ССО.png|border=no}} [[Special Operations Forces (Russia)|Special operations forces]]<ref name="russian" />
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian Airborne Troops.svg}} [[Russian Airborne Troops]]
** [[31st Guards Air Assault Brigade]] <small>(allegedly)</small><ref name="russian" /><ref>[https://www.vz.ru/news/2017/5/26/871986.html СМИ: Элитные отряды сирийской армии и российские морпехи переброшены на восток Хамы] [[Vzglyad (newspaper)]], 26 May 2017.</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} "Thorbrandr" {{small|([[Scandinavia]]n volunteers)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aldrimer.no/nordmenn-kjempet-pa-russisk-side-i-syria/ |title=Nordmenn kjempet på russisk side i Syria |trans-title=Norwegians fought in Syria on the Russian side |author=Kjetil Stormark |work=AldriMer.no |language=no |date=11 May 2018 |access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref>
| units2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]
*{{flagicon image|Logo of the Southern Front.png|border=no}} [[Southern Front (Syrian rebel group)|Southern Front]]
**[[Lions of the East Army]]<ref name="instead isis">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-divert-resources-fighting-syrian-army-instead-isis/|title=VIDEO: US-backed rebels divert all resources to fighting the Syrian Army instead of ISIS|author=Chris Tomson|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>
**[[Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo]]<ref name="instead isis" />
*[[Army of Free Tribes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omrandirasat.org/images/M.C.E.UN.P/Territorial%20Control%20Map%20-%20Sham%20Desert%20-%2005%20Jan%202017.pdf|title=Territorial Control Map – Sham Desert|work=Omran Dirasat|date=4 January 2017}}</ref>
*[[Revolutionary Commando Army]]<ref name=base />
*Al-Qaratayn Martyrs Brigade
| units3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Military of ISIL]]
* Wilayat Homs
| strength1 = 50,000 <small>(pro-government claim)</small><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/ Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive], ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}}{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} 3,000+<ref name="test" />
| strength2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Revolutionary Commando Army: "Hundreds"<ref name=base /><br/>{{flagicon|United States}} 150 US troops,<ref name=base/> 1 [[HIMARS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html|title=Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time|author=Ryan Browne|work=[[CNN]]|date=13 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref>
| strength3 = Unknown
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}
}}
The '''Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)''' was a large-scale [[military operation]] of the [[Syrian Army]] that initially started along the highway from [[Damascus]] to the border with [[Iraq]] against [[Syrian opposition|rebel forces]] during the [[Syrian Civil War]]. Its first intended goal was to capture both the highway and the [[Al Waleed border crossing|al-Tanf border crossing]], thus securing the Damascus countryside from a potential rebel attack.<ref name="focus"/><ref name="important"/> Later, multiple other fronts were opened as part of the operation throughout the desert, as well as operation "'''Grand Dawn'''" against [[ISIL]] with the aim of reopening the Damascus-Palmyra highway and preparing for an offensive towards [[Deir ez-Zor]].<ref name="fronts">{{cite web|url=https://smmsyria.wordpress.com/2017/05/24/saa-opens-six-fronts-in-badiyeh-region-to-face-terrorists/|title=SAA Opens Six Fronts in Badiyeh Region to Face Terrorists|date=24 May 2017|publisher=smmsyria.wordpress blog|access-date=27 May 2017}}</ref>
Since 2016, the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]] operated and manned a training facility in [[al-Tanf]] (the "Al Tanf Garrison"), with their special operations troops advising a Syrian rebel group known as the [[Revolutionary Commando Army]].<ref name="cnntanf">[http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/us-led-coalition-strike-pro-syrian-regime-forces/ US-led coalition strikes pro-Syrian regime forces] CNN, 6 June 2017.</ref><ref name="cbstanf" /> The garrison was reinforced in May, and then expanded in June 2017, with more advanced U.S. offensive weapons, including the [[HIMARS]] [[multiple rocket launcher]]s.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/coalition-forces-reinforce-at-key-al-tanf-garrison-in-syria-1.2037146 Coalition forces reinforce at key Al Tanf garrison in Syria] Gulf News, 2 June 2017.</ref><ref name="cnndeploys">[http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time] CNN, 13 June 2016.</ref><ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-tanf-idUKKBN1952C8?il=0 U.S. moves long-range rocket launchers into southern Syria, intelligence sources say] Reuters, 14 June 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-exclusive-idUSKBN1951YX|title=Exclusive: U.S. expands presence in Syrian desert, rebels say|date=14 June 2017|newspaper=Reuters|last1=Al-Khalidi|first1=Suleiman}}</ref> On a number of occasions, U.S. forces struck advancing pro-government troops and militia in what U.S. forces dubbed ″self-defense strikes″.<ref name="cnndeploys" />
==Background==
{{Main|Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)}}
In the months prior to the offensive, the rebel [[Free Syrian Army]] (FSA) [[2017 Southern Syrian Desert campaign|waged a campaign]] against the jihadist [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) in the desert border region known as the [[Badia (region)|Badia]], which ended with ISIL being fully expelled from the southern Syrian desert. This also brought the rebels closer to the southeastern countryside of [[Damascus]] and government-held territory.
==The offensive==
===Advance along the Baghdad–Damascus highway===
On 7 May 2017, the [[Syrian Arab Army]], led by the [[Syrian Army#5th Corps|5th Corps]] and Iranian-backed militias, launched an attack on the FSA in the [[Sabaa Biyar]] area of Homs province.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/syria-army-moves-area-rebels-evicted-isil-170515043533965.html Syria army 'moves into area' where rebels evicted ISIL], Al-Jazeera, 15 May 2017</ref><ref name="important">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-important-operation-prevent-us-jordanian-troops-entering-damascus/|author=Leith Fadel|publisher=almasdarnews.com|title=Syrian Army begins important operation to prevent US-Jordanian troops from entering Damascus|date=7 May 2017|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> By the following day, the SAA had advanced some 45 kilometers<ref name="focus">{{cite web|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/article149433474.html|publisher=miamiherald.com|title=Syrian troops shift focus to IS-held east | Miami Herald|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> and captured several sites east of the Al-Seen Airbase in the advance, including: the Zaza Checkpoint, the Sabihiyah Mountains and the Sabaa Biyar area. The advance gave them fire control over this rural region.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-jordanian-military-presence-growing-southern-syria-amid-new-government-offensive/|title=US, Jordanian military presence growing in southern Syria amid new government offensive|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=8 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=9 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="stepagency-sy">{{cite web|url=http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/144951|publisher=stepagency-sy.net|title=معركة جديدة لميليشيات الأسد للاستيلاء على مواقع المعارضة بالقلمون الشرقي | Step News Agency|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref>
The FSA began a counteroffensive on 9 May,<ref name="syriahr">{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=66085|publisher=syriahr.com|title=Attack by Usoud al-Sharqiyyah in the Syria desert between Homs and al-Qalamoun in an attempt to advance|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> with the intended goal of recapturing these areas as well as the large mountains overlooking the Baghdad-Damascus road.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsa-launches-large-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/|title=FSA launches large counter-offensive in southeast Damascus|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=9 May 2017|work=Al-Masdar News|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref> The commander of the [[Lions of the East Army]], Tlas al-Salama, claimed that Syrian warplanes had struck rebel outposts near the Syrian-Jordanian border after which his group fired missiles towards Khalhala airport.<ref name=tlas/> At the end of the day, the rebels recaptured the Zaza checkpoint, but failed to re-enter the Sabaa Biyar area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsas-makes-little-advance-launching-big-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/|title=FSA's makes little advance after launching big counter-offensive in southeast Damascus|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=10 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 10 May, clashes renewed in the Zaza area<ref name="syriahr2">{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=66168|publisher=syriahr.com|title=The factions continue their offensive for the second day in the southeastern desert of Homs|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> and two days later the Army recaptured the Zaza checkpoint, as well as the Sabihiyah Mountains.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-resumes-offensive-seal-iraqi-border/|title=Syrian Army resumes offensive to seal Iraqi border|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=12 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref> In an attempt to counter the Army's advances, the rebels fired dozens of [[BM-21 Grad|'Grad']] rockets on Army positions. In retaliation, the Syrian Air Force hit FSA convoys and their rearguard headquarters at the [[Al Waleed border crossing|al-Tanf border crossing]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-launch-grad-rockets-syrian-army-positions-east-damascus/|title=VIDEO: US-backed rebels launch GRAD rockets on Syrian Army positions east of Damascus|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=13 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref> and on 12 May Iraqi Shi'ite militias launched an offensive from the east to drive the militants from the desert region.<ref name="toward">{{cite news|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN18B01D-OCATP|title=Syrian army sends reinforcements toward border with Iraq: rebels |first=Suleiman|last=Al-Khalidi|website=Reuters|date=15 May 2017 }}</ref>
In the night between 14 and 15 May, pro-government reinforcements arrived in the area, including Iraqi Shiite militias.<ref name="reinforcements">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-government-iraqi-reinforcements-reach-southeast-damascus-upcoming-offensive/|title=Syrian government, Iraqi reinforcements reach southeast Damascus for upcoming offensive|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=15 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref><ref name="bringing"/><ref name="toward"/> The reinforcements concentrated in the town of Biyar Al-Saba.<ref name="toward"/> More Army tanks, as well as surface-to-air missiles, were brought closer to the frontline.<ref name="special">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/15/syrian-troops-advancing-towards-us-british-special-forces/?WT.mc_id=tmg_share_tw|title=Syrian troops advancing towards U.S. and British special forces|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=15 May 2017|last1=Ensor|first1=Josie|last2=Safwan|first2=Luna}}</ref> By this point, government forces were within 24 and 100 kilometers of [[Al Waleed border crossing|al-Tanf]].<ref name="special"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-prepares-seize-jordanian-iraqi-borders/|title=Syrian Army prepares to seize the Jordanian and Iraqi borders|author=Izat Charkatli|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=15 May 2017|access-date=17 May 2017}}</ref> Meanwhile, U.S. and British special forces had arrived at the border crossing<ref name="special"/> to assist the rebels in their ongoing offensive towards ISIL-held Deir ez-Zor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/32040/2/|title=MINA Breaking News|website=macedoniaonline.eu}}</ref>
On 18 May, National Defense Forces, alongside the 5th and 7th Armored Divisions of the Syrian Army, advanced 35 kilometers into rebel-held areas in eastern [[As-Suwayda Governorate]].<ref name="setback"/> Meanwhile, government forces were probing to determine how near they could get to al-Tanf and reached positions about 27 kilometers from the town,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-idUKKCN18E2JE|title=U.S. strikes Syria militia threatening U.S.-backed forces - officials|first=Phil Stewart and Suleiman|last=Al-Khalidi|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> when the lead portion of their advancing convoy was hit by US-led Coalition air-strikes. According to a U.S. defense official, before the strikes were conducted, government troops were warned they were getting too close to Coalition forces garrisoned in al-Tanf but did not respond.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2017/05/18/US-led-Coalition-strikes-pro-regime-convoy-in-Syria-near-Jordan.html|title=US-led coalition strikes pro-regime convoy in Syria near Jordan|date=18 May 2017 }}</ref> According to the U.S., four or five vehicles were destroyed, including a tank<ref name="rare">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-launches-rare-intentional-strike-on-pro-government-forces-in-syria/2017/05/18/9e4e2830-3bf0-11e7-8854-21f359183e8c_story.html|title=U.S. launches rare intentional strike on pro-government forces in Syria|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> and two bulldozers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/05/18/united-states-official-airstrike-syria/101835198/|title=Military official: U.S. airstrike hits pro-regime forces in Syria|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> In contrast, the Syrian Army reported that two tanks were destroyed and a [[ZSU-23-4|Shilka]] [[self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|SPAAG]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/details-us-attack-syrian-military-southern-syria/|title=Details of U.S. attack on Syrian military in southern Syria|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=18 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref><ref>Scott Lucas [http://eaworldview.com/2017/05/syria-developing-us-warplanes-and-rebels-hit-pro-assad-forces-in-east/ Syria Developing: US Warplanes, Supporting Rebels, Hit Pro-Assad Forces in East], 'EAWorldview'' 18 May 2017</ref> Eight soldiers were killed.<ref name="rare"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syria-us-airstrike-killed-soldiers-jordan-47506449|title=Syria says US airstrike killed several soldiers near Jordan|website=[[ABC News]]|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>
The next day, despite the US-led Coalition's air-strikes, pro-government forces captured the Zarqa junction near al-Tanf.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2017/19-may-tanf-front-saa-hezbollah--allies-advance-reached-zarqa|title=Tanf front: SAA, Hezbollah & allies advance reached Zarqa junction so far|website=Map of Syrian Civil war/ Global conflict in Syria - Syria news - syria.liveuamap.com|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> The Army also sent more reinforcements to the highway.<ref name="pour"/><ref name="auto"/> Meanwhile, the pro-government Iranian-backed militias advanced southwards from the government-held eastern [[An-Nabek District|Qalamoun]] area on the 19th, taking territory from US-backed rebels in the Badia.<ref>[http://syriadirect.org/news/pro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%E2%80%98coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%E2%80%99/ Pro-regime forces advance toward base in Syrian desert as US warns: Coalition will 'defend' itself], SyriaDirect, 22 May 2017</ref>
===Push along the Jordanian border===
On 20 May, the Syrian Army, alongside their paramilitary allies, captured part of the eastern part of [[As-Suwayda Governorate|as-Suwayda]] province, namely the [[al-Zuluf]] area.<ref name="chunk"/> The following day, government forces further advanced and captured several positions in the southern Syrian desert.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/pro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%E2%80%98coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%E2%80%99/|title=Pro-regime forces advance toward base in Syrian desert as US warns: Coalition will 'defend' itself|website=Syria Direct}}</ref> In response to the government advances, FSA groups in the area launched an operation named "Badia Volcano" to fight the pro-government forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/syrian-opposition-launch-burkan-al-badeya-offensive/|title=Syrian opposition launch "Burkan al-Badeya" offensive|date=23 May 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aletihadpress.com/2017/05/22/بركان-البادية-معركة-جديدة-لطرد-الميلي/|title=بركان البادية: معركة جديدة لطرد الميليشيات الشيعية|work=Al Etihad Press|date=22 May 2017}}</ref>
On 22 May, the Army captured the Al-Rahbeh area, 25 kilometers north of the Zuluf dam, with no direct clashes taking place, save for an artillery duel. Thus the Army was 30 kilometers from cutting off a large, sparsely populated, rebel-held area in the south-eastern Damascus countryside. Also, during the last week, the Syrian Army managed to secure 70 kilometers of the [[Syrian-Jordanian border]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-blitz-offensive-secures-70-kilometers-jordanian-border-one-week/|title=Syrian Army blitz offensive secures 70 kilometers of Jordanian border in one week|last=Tomson|first=Chris|date=23 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Towards the end of the day, the Syrian Army reached positions six kilometers south of the newly captured Scientific Research Battalion, while other forces advanced east of the Zuluf Dam. These advances, brought the Army close to completely encircling and cutting off rebel forces in the south-eastern part of Damascus governorate from their comrades in and around [[Al-Tanf]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-continues-blitz-offensive-besiege-us-backed-rebels-syrian-badiyah/|title=Syrian Army continues blitz offensive to besiege US-backed rebels in Syrian Badiyah|last=Charkatli|first=Izat|date=24 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The government forces appeared to use advanced Russian-made arms and were supported by Russian helicopters, a report acknowledged on 26 May by the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence ministry]]′s [[Zvezda (TV channel)|media outlet]].<ref>[https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201705261525-kfts.htm Ми-35 ВКС РФ наносит удар по террористам у границ Иордании: видео] [[Zvezda (TV channel)]], 26 May 2017.</ref>
===Reopening of the Damascus–Palmyra highway===
On 23 May, the Syrian Army opened a new 100-kilometer front against ISIL, with the intended aim to open the Damascus-Palmyra highway and to prevent the US-backed rebels from linking up with their allies in the Eastern Qalamoun mountains. Government forces swiftly captured over 1,200 square kilometers of territory, including numerous hills and villages from ISIL.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-new-front-isis-surprise-offensive/|title=Syrian Army opens new front against ISIS in a surprise offensive|last=Charkatli|first=Izat|date=23 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-100-km-front-isis-new-surprise-offensive/|title=Syrian Army opens a 100 km front against ISIS in new surprise offensive|last=Charkatli|first=Izat|date=24 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, the Army made a push south and east of Palmyra as well, capturing several locations, including Abtar mountain and Arak gas fields.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} This brought the total number of open fronts as part of the operation to clear the Syrian desert of rebels and ISIL to six.<ref name="fronts"/>
On 25 May, the Army captured half a dozen locations, paving the way for the reopening of the Damascus-Palmyra highway the following day.<ref>Waleed Khaled a-Noufal [http://syriadirect.org/news/us-backs-off-battling-pro-assad-forces-in-east-syrian-desert/ US-backed rebels losing territory in east Syrian desert to regime], ''Syria Direct'', 29 May 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/|title=Syrian Army liberates roads between Damascus, Palmyra: video|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=26 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=26 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Syrian Army reaches the Iraqi border ===
On 30 May, the Syrian Army, alongside the National Defense Forces and Iraqi paramilitary units, captured the Helba area in south-eastern Homs province, thus coming within 50 km of the border with Iraq.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-territory-retreating-us-backed-rebels-near-iraqi-border/|title=Syrian Army captures more territory from retreating US-backed rebels near Iraqi border|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=30 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=30 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, FSA groups launched a counteroffensive called ''Operation This is Our Land'' and launched barrages of [[BM-21 Grad]] rockets at government forces. The rebels claimed to have broken through the first government lines of defense near the Zaza checkpoint. In response, the Syrian and Russian Air Forces conducted airstrikes against the rebels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/153070|title="Free Army" ignites the desert counter attack .. The Russians are interfering|work=[[Enab Baladi]]|date=31 May 2017}}</ref>
On 3 June, the Syrian Army captured several positions along the highway, six kilometers west of Arak.<ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-make-significant-push-towards-deir-ezzor-palmyra/ Syrian Army, Hezbollah make significant push towards Deir Ezzor from Palmyra] ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl Army Retakes Key Town From Isis And Gains Ground In East] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040928/http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl |date=10 September 2017 }}, ''[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]]''</ref> Three days later, the Army reported it had captured three areas from ISIL south of Palmyra, creating the conditions for a simultaneous push towards both the T3 pumping station and Arak.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/saa-scores-massive-advances-isis-east-homs/|title=SAA scores massive advances against ISIS in east Homs|last=Feyerabend|first=Henri|date=6 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=6 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
Meanwhile, on 6 June, the Syrian Army captured the hilltop of [[Tal Al-Abd]] along with some adjacent points, thus putting them close to the [[Dawkah]] area, while the [[United States Air Force|USAF]] had struck pro-government forces 25 miles from the US-UK training area at al-Tanf earlier in the day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-strikes-back-us-backed-forces-southeast-syria/|title=Syrian Army strikes back against US-backed forces in southeast Syria|date=6 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=7 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The U.S. forces stated the government forces were a threat to the U.S.-backed fighters and allied troops based at the Coalition training area at al-Tanf.<ref name="cbstanf">[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-led-coalition-strikes-pro-government-forces-in-syria/ U.S.-led coalition strikes pro-government forces in Syria] CBS News, 6 June 2017.</ref><ref name="cnntanf" /> The next day, the Syrian government′s allies threatened retaliatory strikes in the event of further U.S. strikes on Syria′s forces.<ref>[https://ria.ru/syria/20170607/1496014448.html Штаб союзников Сирии пригрозил США ответным ударом] RIA Novosti, 7 June 2017.</ref>
[[File:Qasem Soleimani in Syrian Desert (June 2017).jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|Major general [[Qasem Soleimani]] gives a prayer of thanks for the success of the offensive near the Iraqi border, together with [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]] fighters.<ref name="soleimani" />]]
On 7 June, government forces seized several hills around Arak. Advances were also made southeast of Palmyra.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-palestinian-paramilitary-advance-isis-en-route-deir-ezzor-video/|title=Syrian Army, Palestinian paramilitary advance against ISIS en route to Deir Ezzor (VIDEO)|date=7 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=7 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="syriahr.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=67733|title=Regime forces achieve advancement in the northeastern desert of Palmyra and aerial bombardment targets its areas|access-date=14 June 2017|date=7 June 2017}}</ref> On 8 June, the Syrian Army captured the Dakwah hilltop from the rebels and some hilltops and the Bir Abbasiyah area from ISIL.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-overruns-us-backed-rebels-recaptures-strategic-hilltop/|title=BREAKING: Syrian Army overruns US-backed rebels, recaptures strategic hilltop|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/map-update-government-forces-regain-territories-syrian-desert/|title=Map Update: Government forces regain more territories in Syrian Desert|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-allies-score-significant-gains-isis-southeast-homs-video/|title=Syrian Army and allies score significant gains against ISIS in southeast Homs (VIDEO)|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Meanwhile, during the same day, the USAF struck the Syrian Army operating near al-Tanf again, while the rebels showered SAA positions with Grad rockets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-pound-syrian-army-positions-damascus-baghdad-highway/|title=VIDEO: US-backed rebels pound Syrian Army positions on the Damascus-Baghdad highway|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 9 June, government forces advanced eastwards and set up positions around 70 kilometers (40 miles) northeast of al-Tanf, thus reaching and securing a part of the [[Iraq–Syria border|Syrian-Iraqi border]] for the first time since 2015.<ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/syria-army-reaches-iraq-border-us-tensions-monitor-171922078.html Syria says troops reach Iraq border after US tensions] AFP, 9 June 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2017/06/syria-conflict-iraq-us-is-border.html|title=Syria army reaches Iraq border after US tensions: monitor|date=9 June 2017|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sana.sy/en/?p=107808|title=Syrian Army reaches Syrian-Iraqi borders northeast of al-Tanf, thwarts ISIS attack in Deir Ezzor – Syrian Arab News Agency|website=sana.sy|date=9 June 2017|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref> The advance also cut off the U.S.-backed forces from the [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-cutoff-us-backed-rebels-deir-ezzor/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah cutoff US-backed rebels from Deir Ezzor|date=9 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=9 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-hezbollah-reaches-border-iraq-first-time-years/|title=BREAKING: Syrian Army, Hezbollah reaches border with Iraq for the first time in years|date=9 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=9 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> On 11 June, five rebel fighters were killed by Jordanian forces, as they tried to return to Jordan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jordanian-army-shoots-dead-five-us-backed-rebels-tried-evade-syrian-army/|title=Jordanian Army shoots dead five US-backed rebels who tried to evade the Syrian Army|date=11 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=12 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> On 23 June, Syrian Army captured Ard Al-Washash, Al-Waer Dam, Al-Waer Canyon region and considerable desert areas, coming within 25 km from T2 pumping station.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/exclusive-syrian-army-enters-deir-ezzor-province/|title=Exclusive: Syrian Army enters Deir Ezzor province|date=23 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> On 26 June Bi'r al-Duliayat area was captured by Syrian Army from ISIL rebel forces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-pro-government-forces-liberate-strategic-area-isis-syrias-badia/|title=VIDEO: Pro-government forces liberate strategic area from ISIS in Syria's Badia|date=26 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=26 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== SAA advance towards [[Al-Sukhnah, Syria|al-Sukhnah]] and into [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate|Deir ez-Zor]]===
[[File:Syrian rebel BM-21 launcher launching rockets in Syrian Desert.jpg|250px|left|thumb|A Syrian rebel [[BM-21 Grad]] launcher launching rockets at Syrian Army forces in the Syrian Desert.]]
On 13 June, the Syrian Army captured the town of [[Arak, Syria|Arak]] and nearby Arak Gas Fields.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Later on that day, almost the entire 103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard was deployed to the area from the [[Latakia Governorate]], to participate in an upcoming large-scale offensive to break ISIL's [[Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–present)|siege of Deir ez-Zor city]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/|title=Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive|date=14 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=14 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, the Syrian Army captured the Arak triangle, which includes the T3 pumping station, as well as the Talilah area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isil-completely-collapses-east-palmyra/|title=ISIL completely collapses east of Palmyra|date=14 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=14 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
{{main|2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike}}
On 18 June, the Syrian Army reportedly cut the road between ISIL-held towns of [[Al-Qa'im (town)|Al-Qaim]] to [[Al-Sukhnah, Syria|Al-Sukhnah]], entered Deir ez-Zor Governorate from the south, while capturing large parts of the Syrian Desert from ISIL.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Meanwhile, [[IRGC Aerospace Force]] bases in west Iran fired six [[Surface-to-surface missile|surface-to-surface]] mid-range missiles targeting ISIL forces in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. It was officially announced as a response to the [[2017 Tehran attacks|terrorist attacks in Tehran]] earlier that month.<ref name="iv">{{cite web | url =http://www.iransview.com/why-iran-targets-isis-positions-in-syrias-deir-ezzur/1729/ |title=Why Iran Targets ISIS Positions in Syria's Deir Ezzur?|publisher=Iran's View| date=19 June 2017| access-date =18 June 2017}}</ref>
On 19 June, ISIL fighters reportedly stormed a military camp held by the Revolutionary Commando Army, resulting in the capture and subsequent execution of eight rebels.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-attacks-pro-u-s-militants-southeast-syria-executes-eight/|title=In pictures: ISIS attacks pro-U.S. militants in southeast Syria, executes eight|date=19 June 2017|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref> The next day, a USAF F-15E shot down a pro-government Shahed-129 UCAV as it approached the 55 kilometer exclusion zone surrounding the Coalition base at Al-Tanf.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/20/politics/us-syria-shoots-down-pro-regime-drone/index.html|title=First on CNN: US shoots down another pro-regime drone in Syria|author=Ryan Browne and Barbara Starr|website=CNN|date=20 June 2017}}</ref> On 21 June, the Syrian Army attacked the rebel-held Bir Qassab area, 75 kilometers southeast of Damascus, eventually capturing it.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKBN19B2V3 Rebels say Syrian army, Iranian-backed militias launch offensive in eastern desert], Reuters</ref><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-captures-important-area-us-backed-militants-east-damascus/ Breaking: Syrian Army captures important area from US-backed militants in east Damascus], Al-Masdar</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/151167|title=وكالة ستيب الإخبارية|website=stepagency-sy.net|access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=68903|title=Hit-and-run clashes southeast of Rif Dimashq between the regime forces and International Coalition-backed factions|date=26 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/877118875950645251|title=#Syria // #Damascus // US backed rebels withdraw from Bīr Qassab area.|last=Source|first=The Inside|date=20 June 2017|website=twitter.com|access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref>
On 22 June, the Syrian Army reported it had come within 20 km of Al-Sukhnah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-pushes-east-palmyra-recaptures-strategic-gas-field/|title=Syrian Army pushes east of Palmyra, recaptures strategic gas field|date=22 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=22 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Two days later, pro-government forces seized the Arak Gas Station as they continued their push towards Deir ez-Zor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-arak-gas-station-push-east-deir-ezzor/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture Arak Gas Station as they push east to Deir Ezzor|date=24 June 2017}}</ref>
On 26 June, government forces made significant advances toward [[Abu Kamal]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/deir-ezzor-liberation-within-sight-syrian-army-pounces-isis-held-desert/|title=Deir Ezzor liberation within sight as Syrian Army pounces through ISIS-held desert|author=Chris Tomson|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> and over the next two days captured more territory from ISIL in eastern Homs Governorate. ISIL resistance was heavy, however,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-inch-closer-deir-ezzor/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah inch closer to Deir Ezzor |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=27 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-footage-syrian-army-pushing-east-deir-ezzor/|title=Video footage of the Syrian Army pushing east to Deir Ezzor|author=Leith Fadel|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-new-sites-along-palmyra-deir-ezzor-highway/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture new sites along Palmyra-Deir Ezzor Highway |author=Leith Fadel|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> and the government forces suffered numerous casualties, including Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour.<ref name="top army" /><ref name="quds" /> Meanwhile, FSA groups continued to attack government outposts in the desert.<ref name="instead isis" /> During the first day of July, the Syrian Army pushed deeper into Syrian Desert, capturing two hills overlooking Hamimah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-syrian-army-tanks-race-headlong-towards-isis-bastion-southern-deir-ezzor/|title=VIDEO: Syrian Army tanks race headlong towards ISIS bastion in southern Deir Ezzor|date=2 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=2 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 6 July, after two days of fighting, pro-government forces advanced 10 kilometers, coming within 15 kilometers of Al-Sukhnah. 35 ISIL jihadists and 22 pro-government fighters were killed during the clashes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=69539|title=About 60 persons were killed during the advancement of the regime forces to 15 km from the last city controlled by the "Islamic State" organization in Homs province|date=7 July 2017}}</ref> On 9 July ISIL fighters overran hill of Al-Mashirfah near town of [[Jubb al-Jarrah|Jubb Al-Jarrah]], stating that they killed 20 SAA soldiers. The next day Syrian Army pressed on towards Sukhnah, capturing most of al-Qalilat mountain chain north-west of al-Hail gas field, stating that they killed over 20 ISIL fighters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-carries-rare-successful-counter-offensive-eastern-homs/|title=In pictures: ISIS carries out rare successful counter-offensive in eastern Homs|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pro-syria-forces-smash-key-isis-defense-line-sukhnah-capture-strategic-high-ground/|title=Pro-Syria forces smash key ISIS defense line before Sukhnah, capture strategic high-ground|date=9 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 11 July, the al-Hail gas field was captured by the Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-allies-fully-secure-strategic-site-isis-eastern-homs/|title=BREAKING: Syrian Army and allies fully secure strategic site from ISIS in eastern Homs|date=11 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-army/syrian-army-takes-more-oil-fields-from-islamic-state-in-raqqa-and-eastern-desert-idUSKBN1A00PC|title=Syrian army takes more oil fields from Islamic State in Raqqa and eastern desert|date=15 July 2017|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref>
=== SAA advances in [[As-Suwayda Governorate|as-Suwayda]] and [[Rif Dimashq Governorate|Rif-Dimashq]] governorates ===
Despite an internationally agreed ceasefire,<ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/10/southern-syria-ceasefire-holds-despite-sporadic-violations Southern Syria ceasefire holds despite sporadic violations], Al-Araby, 10 July 2017</ref> on 10 July Syrian government troops and Iranian-backed militias initiated the second phase of Operation Big Dawn,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-kicks-off-2nd-phase-operation-big-dawn-southeast-syria/|title=Breaking: Syrian Army kicks off 2nd phase of Operation Big Dawn in southeast Syria|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> launching an assault upon eight rebel-held villages east of Khalkhalah airbase in a sparsely-populated, mainly Druze desert area, capturing the hilltop of Tal al-Asfar alongside several smaller hills overlooking the village of Al-Asfar.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-south/syrian-army-militias-attack-rebels-in-southeast-desert-idUSKBN19V1SQ Syrian army, militias attack rebels in southeast desert], Reuters, 10 July 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/11/syria-regime-breaks-ceasefire-with-attacks-on-suweida-daraa Syria regime breaks ceasefire with attacks on Free Syrian Army in Suweida and Daraa], Al-Araby, 11 July 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-several-sites-northern-sweida/|title=Syrian Army captures several sites in northern Sweida|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The area was held by [[Jaysh Ahrar al Ashaer]], a rebel group composed of tribal fighters operating in the border area with Jordan, and the rebels claimed the government assault included aerial bombing.<ref name="auto1"/> Concurrently, another assault was launched on rebel positions in Suwayda and Rif-Dimashq governorates near al-Seen airbase.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/syrian-ceasefire-broken-after-a-day-sksgswqcr Ceasefire in Syria broken after a day], The Times, 11 July 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-large-parts-southeast-damascus-us-backed-rebels/|title=Syrian Army seizes large parts of southeast Damascus from US-backed rebels|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> During the first day of the renewed push, government forces captured 3,000 square kilometers of territory from the rebels.<ref name="blitz">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/titanic-blitz-offensive-pro-syria-forces-sees-3000-km2-liberated-just-12-hours-map-update/|title=Titanic blitz offensive by pro-Syria forces sees 3,000 km2 liberated in just 12 hours: Map update|date=10 July 2017}}</ref> Over the next several days, by 13 July, the Syrian Army and its allies captured an additional 200 square kilometers,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pro-government-forces-destroy-fsa-base-syrias-badia-capture-200-km2-territory/|title=Pro-government forces destroy FSA base in Syria's Badia, liberate 200 km2 of territory|date=13 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=13 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> coming within 20 km from completely encircling a large rebel-held mountainous semi-desert area straddling across eastern Suwayda and Rif-Dimashq governorates.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-fsa-salient-syrian-desert-cut-off-annihilated-pro-syria-forces-map/|title=Massive FSA salient in Syrian desert to be cut-off and annihilated by pro-Syria forces: Map|date=12 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=69941|title=In their quest to besiege the factions and regain full control over the second province in Syria… the regime forces supported by their loyal gunmen advance in the Syrian Desert}}</ref>
Following a short-lived ceasefire with the FSA in Syria's south-western Badia region, brokered by Russia and the United States,<ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/10/southern-syria-ceasefire-holds-despite-sporadic-violations Southern Syria ceasefire holds despite sporadic violations], ''al-Araby'', 10 July 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/11/syria-regime-breaks-ceasefire-with-attacks-on-suweida-daraa Syria regime breaks ceasefire with attacks on Free Syrian Army in Suweida and Daraa], ''al-Araby'', 11 July 2017</ref> government forces started redeploying to the east of Palmyra for [[Central Syria campaign (July 2017–present)|a new offensive]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-pro-government-reinforcements-arrive-eastern-homs-upcoming-offensive/|title=Massive pro-government reinforcements arrive in eastern Homs for upcoming offensive|date=25 July 2017}}</ref>
==Aftermath==
{{Main|Central Syria campaign (2017)}}
On 1 August, the rebels announced a new offensive against the Syrian Arab Army in Syria's desert region. The rebels stated they would continue to fight government forces despite the rejection of US support for their battle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/09/10/world/middleeast/10reuters-mideast-crisis-syria-south.html?|title=Syrian Rebels Say U.S. Allies Push for Retreat From Southeast Syria|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebels-announce-new-offensive-syrian-army-central-syria/|title=Rebels announce new offensive against Syrian Army in central Syria|date=1 August 2017}}</ref> On 4 August, the Syrian Arab Army resumed their operations against the FSA, making advances near the Jordanian border.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-allies-recommence-offensive-syria-jordan-border-region/|title=Syrian Army, allies recommence offensive in Syria-Jordan border region|date=4 August 2017}}</ref> Government advances continued in As-Suwayda the next day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/watch-syrian-army-seize-new-sites-near-jordanian-border/|date=6 August 2017|title=Watch the Syrian Army seize new sites near the Jordanian border}}</ref> Late in August, rebel fighters assaulted Syrian Army border posts along the border with Jordan in As-Suwayda governorate, but were forced to fall back to Jordan after failing to break through the defenses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-fall-back-across-jordanian-border-failed-offensive-sweida-video/|title=US-backed rebels fall back across the Jordanian border after failed offensive in Sweida: video|date=2017-08-21|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=2017-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}
{{Syrian Civil War}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Syrian Desert campaign (2017 05-07)}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 2017]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2017]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Free Syrian Army]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian government]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Russia]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the United States]]
[[Category:May 2017 events in Syria]]
[[Category:June 2017 events in Syria]]
[[Category:July 2017 events in Syria]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Military operation of the Syrian Army}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)
| width = 420px
| partof = the [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[Russian military intervention in Syria]]
| image = SyrianDesert2.svg
| image_size = 320px
| caption = {{plainlist|
*{{leftlegend|#db4141|Controlled by the [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syrian government]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#cae7c4|Controlled by the [[Syrian opposition]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#cc829b|Controlled by the [[Federal government of Iraq|Iraqi government]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#b3b2ae|Controlled by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]}}}}
| date = 7 May – 13 July 2017<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=13|year2=2017}})
| place = [[Syrian Desert]], [[Syria]]
* South, eastern and central [[Homs Governorate]]<ref name="syriahr2"/>
* Eastern [[as-Suwayda Governorate]]<ref name="chunk"/>
* South and eastern [[Rif Dimashq Governorate]]
| territory =
| result =
| status = Decisive [[Syrian Arab Army|Syrian Army]] and allies victory
*In late May, Syrian Army captured over 20,000 sq km of territory,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/col-taarruzu-suriye-ordusu-20-000-kilometrekare-alani-kontrol-altina-aldi/|title=Çöl taarruzu: Suriye ordusu, +20.000 kilometrekare alanı kontrol altına aldı|date=10 June 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]|access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> including the [[Damascus]]–[[Palmyra]] highway<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/|title=Syrian Army liberates roads between Damascus, Palmyra: video|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=26 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]|access-date=27 May 2017}}</ref> and a large part of the eastern half of [[as-Suwayda Governorate|As-Suwayda province]],<ref name="chunk"/> encircling the rebel-held Eastern Qalamoun pocket<ref>{{Citation |title=The World على Facebook Watch |url=https://ar-ar.facebook.com/TheWorldWeAre/videos/on-may-26th-2017-the-syrian-arab-army-saa-and-its-allies-announced-start-of-the-/1213225135469969/ |access-date=2022-03-09}}</ref>
*Syrian Army secured part of [[Iraq–Syria border|Syrian-Iraqi border]] for the first time since 2015, at the same time erasing the frontline between US-backed forces and ISIL
*Syrian Army approaches and enters the province of [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]] from the south, cutting the [[Al-Qa'im (town)|Al-Qaim]]-[[Al-Sukhnah, Syria|Al-Sukhnah]] road{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
*By mid-July, Syrian Army captured 3,000 sq km of territory from the FSA in the north-eastern part [[as-Suwayda Governorate|As-Suwayda province]] and southern [[Rif Dimashq Governorate|Rif Dimashq province]]<ref name="blitz"/>
| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Arab Republic]]}}
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Armed Forces]]
* Pro-gov. militias<ref name="chunk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-lose-large-chunk-territory-syrian-army-east-sweida/|title=US-backed rebels lose large chunk of territory to Syrian Army in east Sweida|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=20 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia]]<ref name="russian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-forces-arrive-southern-syria/|title=Russian forces arrive in southern Syria|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><br/>''Allied militias:''<br/>{{Flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated militias<ref name="poised">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-iraqi-forces-poised-help-syrian-army-capture-baghdad-damascus-highway/|title=Hezbollah, Iraqi forces poised to help Syrian Army capture Baghdad-Damascus Highway|author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="pour">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-syrian-desert-despite-us-airstrikes/|title=In pictures: Syrian Army reinforcements pour into the Syrian desert despite US airstrikes|last=Tomson|first=Chris|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=19 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]]<ref name="afghan">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Afghan Fatemiyoun Division operative killed near US base in southeastern Syria|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=7 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref>
| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]}}<br/>
'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568|title=The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat|first=ABC|last=News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manson |first=Katrina |date=2017-05-18 |title=US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Financial Times}}</ref>
<br/>{{flag|Jordan}}<br/>{{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name="test" /><br/>{{flag|Norway}}<ref name="test" />
| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] <small>(since 23 May)</small>
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Iran}} Maj. Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]]<ref name="soleimani">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php|title=Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[Quds Force]] chief commander)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Mowafiq As'ad<ref name="eastern commander">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/|title=Syrian military names new commander in eastern provinces |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria until 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. Rafiq Shahadeh<ref name="eastern commander" /><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria from 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour{{KIA}}<ref name="top army">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27445.html|title=ISIS kills top army commander in Syrian desert|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Syrian Army top commander)}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Syria}} Turki Albu Hamad<ref name="Muqatili">{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19789/quwat-muqatili-al-ashair-tribal-auxiliary-forces |title=Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=2 April 2017|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|}} Mohammad Hosseini "Salman"{{KIA}}<ref name="afghan"/><br/>{{small|(Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade intelligence chief)}}
| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Tlas Salama<ref name=tlas>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1851KY|title=Syrian planes strike rebel outposts near Jordanian border|last=Al-Khalidi|first=Suleiman|date=9 May 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref><br/>({{small|Lions of the East Army commander}})<br/>
{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Lt. Col. Muhannad Tala<ref name=base>{{Cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html|title=Syrian rebel commander: 150 US troops at al-Tanf base|work=[[Al-Monitor]]|author=Muhammad Ersan|date=1 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612084048/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html|archive-date=12 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br/> ({{small|Revolutionary Commando Army commander}})
| commander3 = Unknown
| units1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Army.svg}} [[Syrian Army]]<ref name="assad army">{{cite news|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/26145.html|title=Assad army deploys troops near the borderline with Jordan, Iraq|work=Zaman al-Wasl|date=14 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="setback">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-suffer-major-setback-syrian-army-troops-capture-much-eastern-sweida/|title=US-backed rebels suffer major setback as Syrian Army troops capture much of eastern Sweida|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=18 May 2017|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
** [[3rd Armoured Division (Syria)|3rd Division]]
*** [[File:Qalamoun Shield Forces infobox logo.png|16px]] [[Qalamoun Shield Forces]]
** [[4th Armoured Division (Syria)|4th Division]]
** [[5th Armoured Division (Syria)|5th Division]]
** [[7th Infantry Division (Syria)|7th Division]]
** [[15th Special Forces Division]]
** 5th Corps
* {{flagicon image|InfoboxNDF.png}} [[National Defence Forces (Syria)|National Defence Forces]]<ref name="reinforcements"/>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Air Force.svg}} [[Syrian Arab Air Force]]
{{flagicon|Syria}} Syrian pro-government militias
*[[File:Emblem of the Palestine Liberation Army.svg|19px]] [[Palestine Liberation Army]]<ref name="partaking">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-pro-syria-palestinian-troops-partaking-huge-badia-offensive/|title=In pictures: Pro-Syria Palestinian troops partaking in huge Badia offensive|date=11 July 2017}}</ref>
** 413th Battalion<ref name="partaking"/>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg}} [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party|SSNP]]<ref name="pour" />
* [[File:Emblem of Liwa Al-Quds.svg|18px]] [[Liwa al-Quds]]<ref name="quds">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27483.html|title=Liwa al Quds mourns 17 militants killed by ISIS in Palmyra|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=27 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>
* [[Baqir Brigade]]<ref name="soleimani" />
* [[Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes]]<ref name="Muqatili"/>
* Saraya al-Areen<ref name="chunk" />
* Jaafariyah Force<ref name="outpacing">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iran-is-outpacing-assad-for-control-of-syrias-shia-militias |title= Iran Is Outpacing Assad for Control of Syria's Shia Militias |author=Phillip Smyth |work=Washington Institute |date=12 April 2018 |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref>
** Sayyida al Raqqia Brigade<ref name="test" /><ref name="outpacing"/>
* al-Mukhtar al-Thiqfi Brigade<ref name="outpacing"/>
{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated Iraqi militias
* [[Kata'ib al-Imam Ali]]<ref name="reinforcements"/>
* [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]]<ref name="reinforcements"/>
* [[Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada]]<ref name="test" />
* [[Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas]]<ref name="test" />
* [[Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba]]<ref name="soleimani" />
* [[Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham|LAAG]]<ref name="who leads">{{cite web|url=http://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/story/12043/Who-leads-operates-Iran-militias-in-al-Tanf |title=Who leads, operates Iran militias in al-Tanf? |author=Mostapha Hassan |work=Baghdad Post|date=13 June 2017|access-date=23 September 2017}}</ref>
* Harakat al Abdal<ref name="test" />
* Iraqi Liberation Movement<ref name="bringing">{{cite news|url=http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677|title=Assad regime bringing in new Iraqi militias|work=El-Dorar Al-Shamia|date=12 May 2017|access-date=15 May 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826095055/http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677|archive-date=26 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Force 313<ref name="bringing" />
* Ansar Allah al Awfiya in Iraq and Syria<ref name="soleimani" />
* Jihad Companies<ref name="soleimani" />
* Liwa'a Zulfiqar<ref name="who leads" />
{{flagicon image|}} Liwa Fatemiyoun
* Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade<ref name="afghan"/>
{{flagicon image|Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg}} [[Russian Armed Forces]] and affiliated units
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian Air Force.svg}} [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]
* {{flagicon image|Герб ССО.png|border=no}} [[Special Operations Forces (Russia)|Special operations forces]]<ref name="russian" />
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian Airborne Troops.svg}} [[Russian Airborne Troops]]
** [[31st Guards Air Assault Brigade]] <small>(allegedly)</small><ref name="russian" /><ref>[https://www.vz.ru/news/2017/5/26/871986.html СМИ: Элитные отряды сирийской армии и российские морпехи переброшены на восток Хамы] [[Vzglyad (newspaper)]], 26 May 2017.</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} "Thorbrandr" {{small|([[Scandinavia]]n volunteers)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aldrimer.no/nordmenn-kjempet-pa-russisk-side-i-syria/ |title=Nordmenn kjempet på russisk side i Syria |trans-title=Norwegians fought in Syria on the Russian side |author=Kjetil Stormark |work=AldriMer.no |language=no |date=11 May 2018 |access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref>
| units2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]
*{{flagicon image|Logo of the Southern Front.png|border=no}} [[Southern Front (Syrian rebel group)|Southern Front]]
**[[Lions of the East Army]]<ref name="instead isis">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-divert-resources-fighting-syrian-army-instead-isis/|title=VIDEO: US-backed rebels divert all resources to fighting the Syrian Army instead of ISIS|author=Chris Tomson|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>
**[[Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo]]<ref name="instead isis" />
*[[Army of Free Tribes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omrandirasat.org/images/M.C.E.UN.P/Territorial%20Control%20Map%20-%20Sham%20Desert%20-%2005%20Jan%202017.pdf|title=Territorial Control Map – Sham Desert|work=Omran Dirasat|date=4 January 2017}}</ref>
*[[Revolutionary Commando Army]]<ref name=base />
*Al-Qaratayn Martyrs Brigade
| units3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Military of ISIL]]
* Wilayat Homs
| strength1 = 50,000 <small>(pro-government claim)</small><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/ Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive], ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}}{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} 3,000+<ref name="test" />
| strength2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Revolutionary Commando Army: "Hundreds"<ref name=base /><br/>{{flagicon|United States}} 150 US troops,<ref name=base/> 1 [[HIMARS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html|title=Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time|author=Ryan Browne|work=[[CNN]]|date=13 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref>
| strength3 = Unknown
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}
}}
The '''Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)''' was a large-scale [[military operation]] of the [[Syrian Army]] that initially started along the highway from [[Damascus]] to the border with [[Iraq]] against [[Syrian opposition|rebel forces]] during the [[Syrian Civil War]]. Its first intended goal was to capture both the highway and the [[Al Waleed border crossing|al-Tanf border crossing]], thus securing the Damascus countryside from a potential rebel attack.<ref name="focus"/><ref name="important"/> Later, multiple other fronts were opened as part of the operation throughout the desert, as well as operation "'''Grand Dawn'''" against [[ISIL]] with the aim of reopening the Damascus-Palmyra highway and preparing for an offensive towards [[Deir ez-Zor]].<ref name="fronts">{{cite web|url=https://smmsyria.wordpress.com/2017/05/24/saa-opens-six-fronts-in-badiyeh-region-to-face-terrorists/|title=SAA Opens Six Fronts in Badiyeh Region to Face Terrorists|date=24 May 2017|publisher=smmsyria.wordpress blog|access-date=27 May 2017}}</ref>
Since 2016, the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]] operated and manned a training facility in [[al-Tanf]] (the "Al Tanf Garrison"), with their special operations troops advising a Syrian rebel group known as the [[Revolutionary Commando Army]].<ref name="cnntanf">[http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/us-led-coalition-strike-pro-syrian-regime-forces/ US-led coalition strikes pro-Syrian regime forces] CNN, 6 June 2017.</ref><ref name="cbstanf" /> The garrison was reinforced in May, and then expanded in June 2017, with more advanced U.S. offensive weapons, including the [[HIMARS]] [[multiple rocket launcher]]s.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/coalition-forces-reinforce-at-key-al-tanf-garrison-in-syria-1.2037146 Coalition forces reinforce at key Al Tanf garrison in Syria] Gulf News, 2 June 2017.</ref><ref name="cnndeploys">[http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time] CNN, 13 June 2016.</ref><ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-tanf-idUKKBN1952C8?il=0 U.S. moves long-range rocket launchers into southern Syria, intelligence sources say] Reuters, 14 June 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-exclusive-idUSKBN1951YX|title=Exclusive: U.S. expands presence in Syrian desert, rebels say|date=14 June 2017|newspaper=Reuters|last1=Al-Khalidi|first1=Suleiman}}</ref> On a number of occasions, U.S. forces struck advancing pro-government troops and militia in what U.S. forces dubbed ″self-defense strikes″.<ref name="cnndeploys" />
==Background==
{{Main|Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)}}
In the months prior to the offensive, the rebel [[Free Syrian Army]] (FSA) [[2017 Southern Syrian Desert campaign|waged a campaign]] against the jihadist [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) in the desert border region known as the [[Badia (region)|Badia]], which ended with ISIL being fully expelled from the southern Syrian desert. This also brought the rebels closer to the southeastern countryside of [[Damascus]] and government-held territory.
==The offensive==
===Advance along the Baghdad–Damascus highway===
On 7 May 2017, the [[Syrian Arab Army]], led by the [[Syrian Army#5th Corps|5th Corps]] and Iranian-backed militias, launched an attack on the FSA in the [[Sabaa Biyar]] area of Homs province.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/syria-army-moves-area-rebels-evicted-isil-170515043533965.html Syria army 'moves into area' where rebels evicted ISIL], Al-Jazeera, 15 May 2017</ref><ref name="important">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-important-operation-prevent-us-jordanian-troops-entering-damascus/|author=Leith Fadel|publisher=almasdarnews.com|title=Syrian Army begins important operation to prevent US-Jordanian troops from entering Damascus|date=7 May 2017|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> By the following day, the SAA had advanced some 45 kilometers<ref name="focus">{{cite web|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/article149433474.html|publisher=miamiherald.com|title=Syrian troops shift focus to IS-held east | Miami Herald|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> and captured several sites east of the Al-Seen Airbase in the advance, including: the Zaza Checkpoint, the Sabihiyah Mountains and the Sabaa Biyar area. The advance gave them fire control over this rural region.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-jordanian-military-presence-growing-southern-syria-amid-new-government-offensive/|title=US, Jordanian military presence growing in southern Syria amid new government offensive|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=8 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=9 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="stepagency-sy">{{cite web|url=http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/144951|publisher=stepagency-sy.net|title=معركة جديدة لميليشيات الأسد للاستيلاء على مواقع المعارضة بالقلمون الشرقي | Step News Agency|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref>
The FSA began a counteroffensive on 9 May,<ref name="syriahr">{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=66085|publisher=syriahr.com|title=Attack by Usoud al-Sharqiyyah in the Syria desert between Homs and al-Qalamoun in an attempt to advance|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> with the intended goal of recapturing these areas as well as the large mountains overlooking the Baghdad-Damascus road.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsa-launches-large-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/|title=FSA launches large counter-offensive in southeast Damascus|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=9 May 2017|work=Al-Masdar News|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref> The commander of the [[Lions of the East Army]], Tlas al-Salama, claimed that Syrian warplanes had struck rebel outposts near the Syrian-Jordanian border after which his group fired missiles towards Khalhala airport.<ref name=tlas/> At the end of the day, the rebels recaptured the Zaza checkpoint, but failed to re-enter the Sabaa Biyar area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsas-makes-little-advance-launching-big-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/|title=FSA's makes little advance after launching big counter-offensive in southeast Damascus|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=10 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 10 May, clashes renewed in the Zaza area<ref name="syriahr2">{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=66168|publisher=syriahr.com|title=The factions continue their offensive for the second day in the southeastern desert of Homs|access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> and two days later the Army recaptured the Zaza checkpoint, as well as the Sabihiyah Mountains.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-resumes-offensive-seal-iraqi-border/|title=Syrian Army resumes offensive to seal Iraqi border|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=12 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref> In an attempt to counter the Army's advances, the rebels fired dozens of [[BM-21 Grad|'Grad']] rockets on Army positions. In retaliation, the Syrian Air Force hit FSA convoys and their rearguard headquarters at the [[Al Waleed border crossing|al-Tanf border crossing]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-launch-grad-rockets-syrian-army-positions-east-damascus/|title=VIDEO: US-backed rebels launch GRAD rockets on Syrian Army positions east of Damascus|first=Chris|last=Tomson|date=13 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref> and on 12 May Iraqi Shi'ite militias launched an offensive from the east to drive the militants from the desert region.<ref name="toward">{{cite news|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN18B01D-OCATP|title=Syrian army sends reinforcements toward border with Iraq: rebels |first=Suleiman|last=Al-Khalidi|website=Reuters|date=15 May 2017 }}</ref>
In the night between 14 and 15 May, pro-government reinforcements arrived in the area, including Iraqi Shiite militias.<ref name="reinforcements">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-government-iraqi-reinforcements-reach-southeast-damascus-upcoming-offensive/|title=Syrian government, Iraqi reinforcements reach southeast Damascus for upcoming offensive|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=15 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref><ref name="bringing"/><ref name="toward"/> The reinforcements concentrated in the town of Biyar Al-Saba.<ref name="toward"/> More Army tanks, as well as surface-to-air missiles, were brought closer to the frontline.<ref name="special">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/15/syrian-troops-advancing-towards-us-british-special-forces/?WT.mc_id=tmg_share_tw|title=Syrian troops advancing towards U.S. and British special forces|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=15 May 2017|last1=Ensor|first1=Josie|last2=Safwan|first2=Luna}}</ref> By this point, government forces were within 24 and 100 kilometers of [[Al Waleed border crossing|al-Tanf]].<ref name="special"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-prepares-seize-jordanian-iraqi-borders/|title=Syrian Army prepares to seize the Jordanian and Iraqi borders|author=Izat Charkatli|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=15 May 2017|access-date=17 May 2017}}</ref> Meanwhile, U.S. and British special forces had arrived at the border crossing<ref name="special"/> to assist the rebels in their ongoing offensive towards ISIL-held Deir ez-Zor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/32040/2/|title=MINA Breaking News|website=macedoniaonline.eu}}</ref>
On 18 May, National Defense Forces, alongside the 5th and 7th Armored Divisions of the Syrian Army, advanced 35 kilometers into rebel-held areas in eastern [[As-Suwayda Governorate]].<ref name="setback"/> Meanwhile, government forces were probing to determine how near they could get to al-Tanf and reached positions about 27 kilometers from the town,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-idUKKCN18E2JE|title=U.S. strikes Syria militia threatening U.S.-backed forces - officials|first=Phil Stewart and Suleiman|last=Al-Khalidi|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> when the lead portion of their advancing convoy was hit by US-led Coalition air-strikes. According to a U.S. defense official, before the strikes were conducted, government troops were warned they were getting too close to Coalition forces garrisoned in al-Tanf but did not respond.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2017/05/18/US-led-Coalition-strikes-pro-regime-convoy-in-Syria-near-Jordan.html|title=US-led coalition strikes pro-regime convoy in Syria near Jordan|date=18 May 2017 }}</ref> According to the U.S., four or five vehicles were destroyed, including a tank<ref name="rare">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-launches-rare-intentional-strike-on-pro-government-forces-in-syria/2017/05/18/9e4e2830-3bf0-11e7-8854-21f359183e8c_story.html|title=U.S. launches rare intentional strike on pro-government forces in Syria|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> and two bulldozers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/05/18/united-states-official-airstrike-syria/101835198/|title=Military official: U.S. airstrike hits pro-regime forces in Syria|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> In contrast, the Syrian Army reported that two tanks were destroyed and a [[ZSU-23-4|Shilka]] [[self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|SPAAG]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/details-us-attack-syrian-military-southern-syria/|title=Details of U.S. attack on Syrian military in southern Syria|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=18 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]}}</ref><ref>Scott Lucas [http://eaworldview.com/2017/05/syria-developing-us-warplanes-and-rebels-hit-pro-assad-forces-in-east/ Syria Developing: US Warplanes, Supporting Rebels, Hit Pro-Assad Forces in East], 'EAWorldview'' 18 May 2017</ref> Eight soldiers were killed.<ref name="rare"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syria-us-airstrike-killed-soldiers-jordan-47506449|title=Syria says US airstrike killed several soldiers near Jordan|website=[[ABC News]]|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>
The next day, despite the US-led Coalition's air-strikes, pro-government forces captured the Zarqa junction near al-Tanf.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2017/19-may-tanf-front-saa-hezbollah--allies-advance-reached-zarqa|title=Tanf front: SAA, Hezbollah & allies advance reached Zarqa junction so far|website=Map of Syrian Civil war/ Global conflict in Syria - Syria news - syria.liveuamap.com|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> The Army also sent more reinforcements to the highway.<ref name="pour"/><ref name="auto"/> Meanwhile, the pro-government Iranian-backed militias advanced southwards from the government-held eastern [[An-Nabek District|Qalamoun]] area on the 19th, taking territory from US-backed rebels in the Badia.<ref>[http://syriadirect.org/news/pro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%E2%80%98coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%E2%80%99/ Pro-regime forces advance toward base in Syrian desert as US warns: Coalition will 'defend' itself], SyriaDirect, 22 May 2017</ref>
===Push along the Jordanian border===
On 20 May, the Syrian Army, alongside their paramilitary allies, captured part of the eastern part of [[As-Suwayda Governorate|as-Suwayda]] province, namely the [[al-Zuluf]] area.<ref name="chunk"/> The following day, government forces further advanced and captured several positions in the southern Syrian desert.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/pro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%E2%80%98coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%E2%80%99/|title=Pro-regime forces advance toward base in Syrian desert as US warns: Coalition will 'defend' itself|website=Syria Direct}}</ref> In response to the government advances, FSA groups in the area launched an operation named "Badia Volcano" to fight the pro-government forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/syrian-opposition-launch-burkan-al-badeya-offensive/|title=Syrian opposition launch "Burkan al-Badeya" offensive|date=23 May 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aletihadpress.com/2017/05/22/بركان-البادية-معركة-جديدة-لطرد-الميلي/|title=بركان البادية: معركة جديدة لطرد الميليشيات الشيعية|work=Al Etihad Press|date=22 May 2017}}</ref>
On 22 May, the Army captured the Al-Rahbeh area, 25 kilometers north of the Zuluf dam, with no direct clashes taking place, save for an artillery duel. Thus the Army was 30 kilometers from cutting off a large, sparsely populated, rebel-held area in the south-eastern Damascus countryside. Also, during the last week, the Syrian Army managed to secure 70 kilometers of the [[Syrian-Jordanian border]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-blitz-offensive-secures-70-kilometers-jordanian-border-one-week/|title=Syrian Army blitz offensive secures 70 kilometers of Jordanian border in one week|last=Tomson|first=Chris|date=23 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Towards the end of the day, the Syrian Army reached positions six kilometers south of the newly captured Scientific Research Battalion, while other forces advanced east of the Zuluf Dam. These advances, brought the Army close to completely encircling and cutting off rebel forces in the south-eastern part of Damascus governorate from their comrades in and around [[Al-Tanf]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-continues-blitz-offensive-besiege-us-backed-rebels-syrian-badiyah/|title=Syrian Army continues blitz offensive to besiege US-backed rebels in Syrian Badiyah|last=Charkatli|first=Izat|date=24 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The government forces appeared to use advanced Russian-made arms and were supported by Russian helicopters, a report acknowledged on 26 May by the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence ministry]]′s [[Zvezda (TV channel)|media outlet]].<ref>[https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201705261525-kfts.htm Ми-35 ВКС РФ наносит удар по террористам у границ Иордании: видео] [[Zvezda (TV channel)]], 26 May 2017.</ref>
===Reopening of the Damascus–Palmyra highway===
On 23 May, the Syrian Army opened a new 100-kilometer front against ISIL, with the intended aim to open the Damascus-Palmyra highway and to prevent the US-backed rebels from linking up with their allies in the Eastern Qalamoun mountains. Government forces swiftly captured over 1,200 square kilometers of territory, including numerous hills and villages from ISIL.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-new-front-isis-surprise-offensive/|title=Syrian Army opens new front against ISIS in a surprise offensive|last=Charkatli|first=Izat|date=23 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-100-km-front-isis-new-surprise-offensive/|title=Syrian Army opens a 100 km front against ISIS in new surprise offensive|last=Charkatli|first=Izat|date=24 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, the Army made a push south and east of Palmyra as well, capturing several locations, including Abtar mountain and Arak gas fields.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} This brought the total number of open fronts as part of the operation to clear the Syrian desert of rebels and ISIL to six.<ref name="fronts"/>
On 25 May, the Army captured half a dozen locations, paving the way for the reopening of the Damascus-Palmyra highway the following day.<ref>Waleed Khaled a-Noufal [http://syriadirect.org/news/us-backs-off-battling-pro-assad-forces-in-east-syrian-desert/ US-backed rebels losing territory in east Syrian desert to regime], ''Syria Direct'', 29 May 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/|title=Syrian Army liberates roads between Damascus, Palmyra: video|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=26 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=26 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Syrian Army reaches the Iraqi border ===
On 30 May, the Syrian Army, alongside the National Defense Forces and Iraqi paramilitary units, captured the Helba area in south-eastern Homs province, thus coming within 50 km of the border with Iraq.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-territory-retreating-us-backed-rebels-near-iraqi-border/|title=Syrian Army captures more territory from retreating US-backed rebels near Iraqi border|last=Fadel|first=Leith|date=30 May 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=30 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, FSA groups launched a counteroffensive called ''Operation This is Our Land'' and launched barrages of [[BM-21 Grad]] rockets at government forces. The rebels claimed to have broken through the first government lines of defense near the Zaza checkpoint. In response, the Syrian and Russian Air Forces conducted airstrikes against the rebels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/153070|title="Free Army" ignites the desert counter attack .. The Russians are interfering|work=[[Enab Baladi]]|date=31 May 2017}}</ref>
On 3 June, the Syrian Army captured several positions along the highway, six kilometers west of Arak.<ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-make-significant-push-towards-deir-ezzor-palmyra/ Syrian Army, Hezbollah make significant push towards Deir Ezzor from Palmyra] ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl Army Retakes Key Town From Isis And Gains Ground In East] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040928/http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl |date=10 September 2017 }}, ''[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]]''</ref> Three days later, the Army reported it had captured three areas from ISIL south of Palmyra, creating the conditions for a simultaneous push towards both the T3 pumping station and Arak.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/saa-scores-massive-advances-isis-east-homs/|title=SAA scores massive advances against ISIS in east Homs|last=Feyerabend|first=Henri|date=6 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=6 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
Meanwhile, on 6 June, the Syrian Army captured the hilltop of [[Tal Al-Abd]] along with some adjacent points, thus putting them close to the [[Dawkah]] area, while the [[United States Air Force|USAF]] had struck pro-government forces 25 miles from the US-UK training area at al-Tanf earlier in the day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-strikes-back-us-backed-forces-southeast-syria/|title=Syrian Army strikes back against US-backed forces in southeast Syria|date=6 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=7 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The U.S. forces stated the government forces were a threat to the U.S.-backed fighters and allied troops based at the Coalition training area at al-Tanf.<ref name="cbstanf">[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-led-coalition-strikes-pro-government-forces-in-syria/ U.S.-led coalition strikes pro-government forces in Syria] CBS News, 6 June 2017.</ref><ref name="cnntanf" /> The next day, the Syrian government′s allies threatened retaliatory strikes in the event of further U.S. strikes on Syria′s forces.<ref>[https://ria.ru/syria/20170607/1496014448.html Штаб союзников Сирии пригрозил США ответным ударом] RIA Novosti, 7 June 2017.</ref>
[[File:Qasem Soleimani in Syrian Desert (June 2017).jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|Major general [[Qasem Soleimani]] gives a prayer of thanks for the success of the offensive near the Iraqi border, together with [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]] fighters.<ref name="soleimani" />]]
On 7 June, government forces seized several hills around Arak. Advances were also made southeast of Palmyra.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-palestinian-paramilitary-advance-isis-en-route-deir-ezzor-video/|title=Syrian Army, Palestinian paramilitary advance against ISIS en route to Deir Ezzor (VIDEO)|date=7 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=7 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="syriahr.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=67733|title=Regime forces achieve advancement in the northeastern desert of Palmyra and aerial bombardment targets its areas|access-date=14 June 2017|date=7 June 2017}}</ref> On 8 June, the Syrian Army captured the Dakwah hilltop from the rebels and some hilltops and the Bir Abbasiyah area from ISIL.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-overruns-us-backed-rebels-recaptures-strategic-hilltop/|title=BREAKING: Syrian Army overruns US-backed rebels, recaptures strategic hilltop|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/map-update-government-forces-regain-territories-syrian-desert/|title=Map Update: Government forces regain more territories in Syrian Desert|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-allies-score-significant-gains-isis-southeast-homs-video/|title=Syrian Army and allies score significant gains against ISIS in southeast Homs (VIDEO)|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Meanwhile, during the same day, the USAF struck the Syrian Army operating near al-Tanf again, while the rebels showered SAA positions with Grad rockets.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-pound-syrian-army-positions-damascus-baghdad-highway/|title=VIDEO: US-backed rebels pound Syrian Army positions on the Damascus-Baghdad highway|date=8 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=8 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 9 June, government forces advanced eastwards and set up positions around 70 kilometers (40 miles) northeast of al-Tanf, thus reaching and securing a part of the [[Iraq–Syria border|Syrian-Iraqi border]] for the first time since 2015.<ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/syria-army-reaches-iraq-border-us-tensions-monitor-171922078.html Syria says troops reach Iraq border after US tensions] AFP, 9 June 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2017/06/syria-conflict-iraq-us-is-border.html|title=Syria army reaches Iraq border after US tensions: monitor|date=9 June 2017|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sana.sy/en/?p=107808|title=Syrian Army reaches Syrian-Iraqi borders northeast of al-Tanf, thwarts ISIS attack in Deir Ezzor – Syrian Arab News Agency|website=sana.sy|date=9 June 2017|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref> The advance also cut off the U.S.-backed forces from the [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-cutoff-us-backed-rebels-deir-ezzor/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah cutoff US-backed rebels from Deir Ezzor|date=9 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=9 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-hezbollah-reaches-border-iraq-first-time-years/|title=BREAKING: Syrian Army, Hezbollah reaches border with Iraq for the first time in years|date=9 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=9 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> On 11 June, five rebel fighters were killed by Jordanian forces, as they tried to return to Jordan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jordanian-army-shoots-dead-five-us-backed-rebels-tried-evade-syrian-army/|title=Jordanian Army shoots dead five US-backed rebels who tried to evade the Syrian Army|date=11 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=12 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> On 23 June, Syrian Army captured Ard Al-Washash, Al-Waer Dam, Al-Waer Canyon region and considerable desert areas, coming within 25 km from T2 pumping station.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/exclusive-syrian-army-enters-deir-ezzor-province/|title=Exclusive: Syrian Army enters Deir Ezzor province|date=23 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=23 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> On 26 June Bi'r al-Duliayat area was captured by Syrian Army from ISIL rebel forces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-pro-government-forces-liberate-strategic-area-isis-syrias-badia/|title=VIDEO: Pro-government forces liberate strategic area from ISIS in Syria's Badia|date=26 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=26 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== SAA advance towards [[Al-Sukhnah, Syria|al-Sukhnah]] and into [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate|Deir ez-Zor]]===
[[File:Syrian rebel BM-21 launcher launching rockets in Syrian Desert.jpg|250px|left|thumb|A Syrian rebel [[BM-21 Grad]] launcher launching rockets at Syrian Army forces in the Syrian Desert.]]
On 13 June, the Syrian Army captured the town of [[Arak, Syria|Arak]] and nearby Arak Gas Fields.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Later on that day, almost the entire 103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard was deployed to the area from the [[Latakia Governorate]], to participate in an upcoming large-scale offensive to break ISIL's [[Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–present)|siege of Deir ez-Zor city]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/|title=Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive|date=14 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=14 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, the Syrian Army captured the Arak triangle, which includes the T3 pumping station, as well as the Talilah area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isil-completely-collapses-east-palmyra/|title=ISIL completely collapses east of Palmyra|date=14 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=14 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
{{main|2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike}}
On 18 June, the Syrian Army reportedly cut the road between ISIL-held towns of [[Al-Qa'im (town)|Al-Qaim]] to [[Al-Sukhnah, Syria|Al-Sukhnah]], entered Deir ez-Zor Governorate from the south, while capturing large parts of the Syrian Desert from ISIL.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Meanwhile, [[IRGC Aerospace Force]] bases in west Iran fired six [[Surface-to-surface missile|surface-to-surface]] mid-range missiles targeting ISIL forces in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. It was officially announced as a response to the [[2017 Tehran attacks|terrorist attacks in Tehran]] earlier that month.<ref name="iv">{{cite web | url =http://www.iransview.com/why-iran-targets-isis-positions-in-syrias-deir-ezzur/1729/ |title=Why Iran Targets ISIS Positions in Syria's Deir Ezzur?|publisher=Iran's View| date=19 June 2017| access-date =18 June 2017}}</ref>
On 19 June, ISIL fighters reportedly stormed a military camp held by the Revolutionary Commando Army, resulting in the capture and subsequent execution of eight rebels.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-attacks-pro-u-s-militants-southeast-syria-executes-eight/|title=In pictures: ISIS attacks pro-U.S. militants in southeast Syria, executes eight|date=19 June 2017|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref> The next day, a USAF F-15E shot down a pro-government Shahed-129 UCAV as it approached the 55 kilometer exclusion zone surrounding the Coalition base at Al-Tanf.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/20/politics/us-syria-shoots-down-pro-regime-drone/index.html|title=First on CNN: US shoots down another pro-regime drone in Syria|author=Ryan Browne and Barbara Starr|website=CNN|date=20 June 2017}}</ref> On 21 June, the Syrian Army attacked the rebel-held Bir Qassab area, 75 kilometers southeast of Damascus, eventually capturing it.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKBN19B2V3 Rebels say Syrian army, Iranian-backed militias launch offensive in eastern desert], Reuters</ref><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-captures-important-area-us-backed-militants-east-damascus/ Breaking: Syrian Army captures important area from US-backed militants in east Damascus], Al-Masdar</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/151167|title=وكالة ستيب الإخبارية|website=stepagency-sy.net|access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=68903|title=Hit-and-run clashes southeast of Rif Dimashq between the regime forces and International Coalition-backed factions|date=26 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/877118875950645251|title=#Syria // #Damascus // US backed rebels withdraw from Bīr Qassab area.|last=Source|first=The Inside|date=20 June 2017|website=twitter.com|access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref>
On 22 June, the Syrian Army reported it had come within 20 km of Al-Sukhnah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-pushes-east-palmyra-recaptures-strategic-gas-field/|title=Syrian Army pushes east of Palmyra, recaptures strategic gas field|date=22 June 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=22 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Two days later, pro-government forces seized the Arak Gas Station as they continued their push towards Deir ez-Zor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-arak-gas-station-push-east-deir-ezzor/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture Arak Gas Station as they push east to Deir Ezzor|date=24 June 2017}}</ref>
On 26 June, government forces made significant advances toward [[Abu Kamal]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/deir-ezzor-liberation-within-sight-syrian-army-pounces-isis-held-desert/|title=Deir Ezzor liberation within sight as Syrian Army pounces through ISIS-held desert|author=Chris Tomson|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> and over the next two days captured more territory from ISIL in eastern Homs Governorate. ISIL resistance was heavy, however,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-inch-closer-deir-ezzor/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah inch closer to Deir Ezzor |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=27 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-footage-syrian-army-pushing-east-deir-ezzor/|title=Video footage of the Syrian Army pushing east to Deir Ezzor|author=Leith Fadel|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-new-sites-along-palmyra-deir-ezzor-highway/|title=Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture new sites along Palmyra-Deir Ezzor Highway |author=Leith Fadel|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> and the government forces suffered numerous casualties, including Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour.<ref name="top army" /><ref name="quds" /> Meanwhile, FSA groups continued to attack government outposts in the desert.<ref name="instead isis" /> During the first day of July, the Syrian Army pushed deeper into Syrian Desert, capturing two hills overlooking Hamimah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-syrian-army-tanks-race-headlong-towards-isis-bastion-southern-deir-ezzor/|title=VIDEO: Syrian Army tanks race headlong towards ISIS bastion in southern Deir Ezzor|date=2 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=2 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 6 July, after two days of fighting, pro-government forces advanced 10 kilometers, coming within 15 kilometers of Al-Sukhnah. 35 ISIL jihadists and 22 pro-government fighters were killed during the clashes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=69539|title=About 60 persons were killed during the advancement of the regime forces to 15 km from the last city controlled by the "Islamic State" organization in Homs province|date=7 July 2017}}</ref> On 9 July ISIL fighters overran hill of Al-Mashirfah near town of [[Jubb al-Jarrah|Jubb Al-Jarrah]], stating that they killed 20 SAA soldiers. The next day Syrian Army pressed on towards Sukhnah, capturing most of al-Qalilat mountain chain north-west of al-Hail gas field, stating that they killed over 20 ISIL fighters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-carries-rare-successful-counter-offensive-eastern-homs/|title=In pictures: ISIS carries out rare successful counter-offensive in eastern Homs|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pro-syria-forces-smash-key-isis-defense-line-sukhnah-capture-strategic-high-ground/|title=Pro-Syria forces smash key ISIS defense line before Sukhnah, capture strategic high-ground|date=9 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 11 July, the al-Hail gas field was captured by the Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-allies-fully-secure-strategic-site-isis-eastern-homs/|title=BREAKING: Syrian Army and allies fully secure strategic site from ISIS in eastern Homs|date=11 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-army/syrian-army-takes-more-oil-fields-from-islamic-state-in-raqqa-and-eastern-desert-idUSKBN1A00PC|title=Syrian army takes more oil fields from Islamic State in Raqqa and eastern desert|date=15 July 2017|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref>
=== SAA advances in [[As-Suwayda Governorate|as-Suwayda]] and [[Rif Dimashq Governorate|Rif-Dimashq]] governorates ===
Despite an internationally agreed ceasefire,<ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/10/southern-syria-ceasefire-holds-despite-sporadic-violations Southern Syria ceasefire holds despite sporadic violations], Al-Araby, 10 July 2017</ref> on 10 July Syrian government troops and Iranian-backed militias initiated the second phase of Operation Big Dawn,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-kicks-off-2nd-phase-operation-big-dawn-southeast-syria/|title=Breaking: Syrian Army kicks off 2nd phase of Operation Big Dawn in southeast Syria|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> launching an assault upon eight rebel-held villages east of Khalkhalah airbase in a sparsely-populated, mainly Druze desert area, capturing the hilltop of Tal al-Asfar alongside several smaller hills overlooking the village of Al-Asfar.<ref name="auto1">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-south/syrian-army-militias-attack-rebels-in-southeast-desert-idUSKBN19V1SQ Syrian army, militias attack rebels in southeast desert], Reuters, 10 July 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/11/syria-regime-breaks-ceasefire-with-attacks-on-suweida-daraa Syria regime breaks ceasefire with attacks on Free Syrian Army in Suweida and Daraa], Al-Araby, 11 July 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-several-sites-northern-sweida/|title=Syrian Army captures several sites in northern Sweida|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The area was held by [[Jaysh Ahrar al Ashaer]], a rebel group composed of tribal fighters operating in the border area with Jordan, and the rebels claimed the government assault included aerial bombing.<ref name="auto1"/> Concurrently, another assault was launched on rebel positions in Suwayda and Rif-Dimashq governorates near al-Seen airbase.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/syrian-ceasefire-broken-after-a-day-sksgswqcr Ceasefire in Syria broken after a day], The Times, 11 July 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-large-parts-southeast-damascus-us-backed-rebels/|title=Syrian Army seizes large parts of southeast Damascus from US-backed rebels|date=10 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> During the first day of the renewed push, government forces captured 3,000 square kilometers of territory from the rebels.<ref name="blitz">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/titanic-blitz-offensive-pro-syria-forces-sees-3000-km2-liberated-just-12-hours-map-update/|title=Titanic blitz offensive by pro-Syria forces sees 3,000 km2 liberated in just 12 hours: Map update|date=10 July 2017}}</ref> Over the next several days, by 13 July, the Syrian Army and its allies captured an additional 200 square kilometers,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pro-government-forces-destroy-fsa-base-syrias-badia-capture-200-km2-territory/|title=Pro-government forces destroy FSA base in Syria's Badia, liberate 200 km2 of territory|date=13 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=13 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> coming within 20 km from completely encircling a large rebel-held mountainous semi-desert area straddling across eastern Suwayda and Rif-Dimashq governorates.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-fsa-salient-syrian-desert-cut-off-annihilated-pro-syria-forces-map/|title=Massive FSA salient in Syrian desert to be cut-off and annihilated by pro-Syria forces: Map|date=12 July 2017|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=69941|title=In their quest to besiege the factions and regain full control over the second province in Syria… the regime forces supported by their loyal gunmen advance in the Syrian Desert}}</ref>
Following a short-lived ceasefire with the FSA in Syria's south-western Badia region, brokered by Russia and the United States,<ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/10/southern-syria-ceasefire-holds-despite-sporadic-violations Southern Syria ceasefire holds despite sporadic violations], ''al-Araby'', 10 July 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/11/syria-regime-breaks-ceasefire-with-attacks-on-suweida-daraa Syria regime breaks ceasefire with attacks on Free Syrian Army in Suweida and Daraa], ''al-Araby'', 11 July 2017</ref> government forces started redeploying to the east of Palmyra for [[Central Syria campaign (July 2017–present)|a new offensive]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-pro-government-reinforcements-arrive-eastern-homs-upcoming-offensive/|title=Massive pro-government reinforcements arrive in eastern Homs for upcoming offensive|date=25 July 2017}}</ref>
==Aftermath==
{{Main|Central Syria campaign (2017)}}
On 1 August, the rebels announced a new offensive against the Syrian Arab Army in Syria's desert region. The rebels stated they would continue to fight government forces despite the rejection of US support for their battle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/09/10/world/middleeast/10reuters-mideast-crisis-syria-south.html?|title=Syrian Rebels Say U.S. Allies Push for Retreat From Southeast Syria|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebels-announce-new-offensive-syrian-army-central-syria/|title=Rebels announce new offensive against Syrian Army in central Syria|date=1 August 2017}}</ref> On 4 August, the Syrian Arab Army resumed their operations against the FSA, making advances near the Jordanian border.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-allies-recommence-offensive-syria-jordan-border-region/|title=Syrian Army, allies recommence offensive in Syria-Jordan border region|date=4 August 2017}}</ref> Government advances continued in As-Suwayda the next day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/watch-syrian-army-seize-new-sites-near-jordanian-border/|date=6 August 2017|title=Watch the Syrian Army seize new sites near the Jordanian border}}</ref> Late in August, rebel fighters assaulted Syrian Army border posts along the border with Jordan in As-Suwayda governorate, but were forced to fall back to Jordan after failing to break through the defenses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-fall-back-across-jordanian-border-failed-offensive-sweida-video/|title=US-backed rebels fall back across the Jordanian border after failed offensive in Sweida: video|date=2017-08-21|work=AMN - Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=2017-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}
{{Syrian Civil War}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Syrian Desert campaign (2017 05-07)}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 2017]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2017]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Free Syrian Army]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian government]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Russia]]
[[Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the United States]]
[[Category:May 2017 events in Syria]]
[[Category:June 2017 events in Syria]]
[[Category:July 2017 events in Syria]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -2,39 +2,39 @@
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
-| conflict = Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)
-| width = 420px
-| partof = the [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[Russian military intervention in Syria]]
-| image = SyrianDesert2.svg
-| image_size = 320px
-| caption = {{plainlist|
+| conflict = Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)
+| width = 420px
+| partof = the [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[Russian military intervention in Syria]]
+| image = SyrianDesert2.svg
+| image_size = 320px
+| caption = {{plainlist|
*{{leftlegend|#db4141|Controlled by the [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syrian government]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#cae7c4|Controlled by the [[Syrian opposition]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#cc829b|Controlled by the [[Federal government of Iraq|Iraqi government]]}}
*{{leftlegend|#b3b2ae|Controlled by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]}}}}
-| date = 7 May – 13 July 2017<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=13|year2=2017}})
-| place = [[Syrian Desert]], [[Syria]]
+| date = 7 May – 13 July 2017<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=13|year2=2017}})
+| place = [[Syrian Desert]], [[Syria]]
* South, eastern and central [[Homs Governorate]]<ref name="syriahr2"/>
* Eastern [[as-Suwayda Governorate]]<ref name="chunk"/>
* South and eastern [[Rif Dimashq Governorate]]
-| territory =
-| result =
-| status = Decisive [[Syrian Arab Army|Syrian Army]] and allies victory
+| territory =
+| result =
+| status = Decisive [[Syrian Arab Army|Syrian Army]] and allies victory
*In late May, Syrian Army captured over 20,000 sq km of territory,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/col-taarruzu-suriye-ordusu-20-000-kilometrekare-alani-kontrol-altina-aldi/|title=Çöl taarruzu: Suriye ordusu, +20.000 kilometrekare alanı kontrol altına aldı|date=10 June 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]|access-date=10 June 2017}}</ref> including the [[Damascus]]–[[Palmyra]] highway<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/|title=Syrian Army liberates roads between Damascus, Palmyra: video|first=Leith|last=Fadel|date=26 May 2017|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]|access-date=27 May 2017}}</ref> and a large part of the eastern half of [[as-Suwayda Governorate|As-Suwayda province]],<ref name="chunk"/> encircling the rebel-held Eastern Qalamoun pocket<ref>{{Citation |title=The World على Facebook Watch |url=https://ar-ar.facebook.com/TheWorldWeAre/videos/on-may-26th-2017-the-syrian-arab-army-saa-and-its-allies-announced-start-of-the-/1213225135469969/ |access-date=2022-03-09}}</ref>
*Syrian Army secured part of [[Iraq–Syria border|Syrian-Iraqi border]] for the first time since 2015, at the same time erasing the frontline between US-backed forces and ISIL
*Syrian Army approaches and enters the province of [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]] from the south, cutting the [[Al-Qa'im (town)|Al-Qaim]]-[[Al-Sukhnah, Syria|Al-Sukhnah]] road{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
*By mid-July, Syrian Army captured 3,000 sq km of territory from the FSA in the north-eastern part [[as-Suwayda Governorate|As-Suwayda province]] and southern [[Rif Dimashq Governorate|Rif Dimashq province]]<ref name="blitz"/>
-| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Arab Republic]]}}
+| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Arab Republic]]}}
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Armed Forces]]
* Pro-gov. militias<ref name="chunk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-lose-large-chunk-territory-syrian-army-east-sweida/|title=US-backed rebels lose large chunk of territory to Syrian Army in east Sweida|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=20 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref>
-{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia]]<ref name="russian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-forces-arrive-southern-syria/|title=Russian forces arrive in southern Syria|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><br/>''Allied militias:''<br/>{{Flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated militias<ref name="poised">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-iraqi-forces-poised-help-syrian-army-capture-baghdad-damascus-highway/|title=Hezbollah, Iraqi forces poised to help Syrian Army capture Baghdad-Damascus Highway|author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="pour">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-syrian-desert-despite-us-airstrikes/|title=In pictures: Syrian Army reinforcements pour into the Syrian desert despite US airstrikes|last=Tomson|first=Chris|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=19 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]]<ref name="afghan">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Afghan Fatemiyoun Division operative killed near US base in southeastern Syria|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=7 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref><br/>'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|UAE}}<br/>{{flag|Egypt}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256|title=Gulf state's support for the Russian military campaign against Syria, leaked document from the Air Force confirms|date=11 July 2018|access-date=5 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215213055/http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256|archive-date=13 July 2018}}</ref>
-| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]}}<br/>
+{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia]]<ref name="russian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-forces-arrive-southern-syria/|title=Russian forces arrive in southern Syria|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><br/>''Allied militias:''<br/>{{Flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated militias<ref name="poised">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-iraqi-forces-poised-help-syrian-army-capture-baghdad-damascus-highway/|title=Hezbollah, Iraqi forces poised to help Syrian Army capture Baghdad-Damascus Highway|author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="pour">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-syrian-desert-despite-us-airstrikes/|title=In pictures: Syrian Army reinforcements pour into the Syrian desert despite US airstrikes|last=Tomson|first=Chris|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=19 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]]<ref name="afghan">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Afghan Fatemiyoun Division operative killed near US base in southeastern Syria|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=7 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref>
+| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]}}<br/>
'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568|title=The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat|first=ABC|last=News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manson |first=Katrina |date=2017-05-18 |title=US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria |url=https://www.ft.com/content/76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Financial Times}}</ref>
<br/>{{flag|Jordan}}<br/>{{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name="test" /><br/>{{flag|Norway}}<ref name="test" />
-| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] <small>(since 23 May)</small>
-| commander1 = {{flagicon|Iran}} Maj. Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]]<ref name="soleimani">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php|title=Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[Quds Force]] chief commander)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Mowafiq As'ad<ref name="eastern commander">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/|title=Syrian military names new commander in eastern provinces |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria until 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. Rafiq Shahadeh<ref name="eastern commander" /><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria from 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour{{KIA}}<ref name="top army">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27445.html|title=ISIS kills top army commander in Syrian desert|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Syrian Army top commander)}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Syria}} Turki Albu Hamad<ref name="Muqatili">{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19789/quwat-muqatili-al-ashair-tribal-auxiliary-forces |title=Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=2 April 2017|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|}} Mohammad Hosseini "Salman"{{KIA}}<ref name="afghan"/><br/>{{small|(Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade intelligence chief)}}
-| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Tlas Salama<ref name=tlas>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1851KY|title=Syrian planes strike rebel outposts near Jordanian border|last=Al-Khalidi|first=Suleiman|date=9 May 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref><br/>({{small|Lions of the East Army commander}})<br/>
+| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] <small>(since 23 May)</small>
+| commander1 = {{flagicon|Iran}} Maj. Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]]<ref name="soleimani">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php|title=Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[Quds Force]] chief commander)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Mowafiq As'ad<ref name="eastern commander">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/|title=Syrian military names new commander in eastern provinces |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria until 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. Rafiq Shahadeh<ref name="eastern commander" /><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria from 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour{{KIA}}<ref name="top army">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27445.html|title=ISIS kills top army commander in Syrian desert|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Syrian Army top commander)}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Syria}} Turki Albu Hamad<ref name="Muqatili">{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19789/quwat-muqatili-al-ashair-tribal-auxiliary-forces |title=Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=2 April 2017|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|}} Mohammad Hosseini "Salman"{{KIA}}<ref name="afghan"/><br/>{{small|(Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade intelligence chief)}}
+| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Tlas Salama<ref name=tlas>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1851KY|title=Syrian planes strike rebel outposts near Jordanian border|last=Al-Khalidi|first=Suleiman|date=9 May 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref><br/>({{small|Lions of the East Army commander}})<br/>
{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Lt. Col. Muhannad Tala<ref name=base>{{Cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html|title=Syrian rebel commander: 150 US troops at al-Tanf base|work=[[Al-Monitor]]|author=Muhammad Ersan|date=1 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612084048/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html|archive-date=12 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br/> ({{small|Revolutionary Commando Army commander}})
-| commander3 = Unknown
-| units1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces
+| commander3 = Unknown
+| units1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Army.svg}} [[Syrian Army]]<ref name="assad army">{{cite news|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/26145.html|title=Assad army deploys troops near the borderline with Jordan, Iraq|work=Zaman al-Wasl|date=14 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="setback">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-suffer-major-setback-syrian-army-troops-capture-much-eastern-sweida/|title=US-backed rebels suffer major setback as Syrian Army troops capture much of eastern Sweida|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=18 May 2017|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
** [[3rd Armoured Division (Syria)|3rd Division]]
@@ -79,5 +79,5 @@
** [[31st Guards Air Assault Brigade]] <small>(allegedly)</small><ref name="russian" /><ref>[https://www.vz.ru/news/2017/5/26/871986.html СМИ: Элитные отряды сирийской армии и российские морпехи переброшены на восток Хамы] [[Vzglyad (newspaper)]], 26 May 2017.</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Norway.svg}} "Thorbrandr" {{small|([[Scandinavia]]n volunteers)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aldrimer.no/nordmenn-kjempet-pa-russisk-side-i-syria/ |title=Nordmenn kjempet på russisk side i Syria |trans-title=Norwegians fought in Syria on the Russian side |author=Kjetil Stormark |work=AldriMer.no |language=no |date=11 May 2018 |access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref>
-| units2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]
+| units2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]
*{{flagicon image|Logo of the Southern Front.png|border=no}} [[Southern Front (Syrian rebel group)|Southern Front]]
**[[Lions of the East Army]]<ref name="instead isis">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-divert-resources-fighting-syrian-army-instead-isis/|title=VIDEO: US-backed rebels divert all resources to fighting the Syrian Army instead of ISIS|author=Chris Tomson|publisher=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref>
@@ -86,15 +86,15 @@
*[[Revolutionary Commando Army]]<ref name=base />
*Al-Qaratayn Martyrs Brigade
-| units3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Military of ISIL]]
+| units3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Military of ISIL]]
* Wilayat Homs
-| strength1 = 50,000 <small>(pro-government claim)</small><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/ Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive], ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref>
-*{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}}{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} 3,000+<ref name="test" />
-| strength2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Revolutionary Commando Army: "Hundreds"<ref name=base /><br/>{{flagicon|United States}} 150 US troops,<ref name=base/> 1 [[HIMARS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html|title=Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time|author=Ryan Browne|work=[[CNN]]|date=13 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref>
-| strength3 = Unknown
-| casualties1 =
-| casualties2 =
-| casualties3 =
-| notes =
-| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}
+| strength1 = 50,000 <small>(pro-government claim)</small><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/ Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive], ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref>
+*{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}}{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} 3,000+<ref name="test" />
+| strength2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Revolutionary Commando Army: "Hundreds"<ref name=base /><br/>{{flagicon|United States}} 150 US troops,<ref name=base/> 1 [[HIMARS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html|title=Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time|author=Ryan Browne|work=[[CNN]]|date=13 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref>
+| strength3 = Unknown
+| casualties1 =
+| casualties2 =
+| casualties3 =
+| notes =
+| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}
}}
' |
New page size (new_size) | 61596 |
Old page size (old_size) | 61815 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -219 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '| conflict = Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)',
1 => '| width = 420px',
2 => '| partof = the [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[Russian military intervention in Syria]]',
3 => '| image = SyrianDesert2.svg',
4 => '| image_size = 320px',
5 => '| caption = {{plainlist|',
6 => '| date = 7 May – 13 July 2017<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=13|year2=2017}})',
7 => '| place = [[Syrian Desert]], [[Syria]]',
8 => '| territory = ',
9 => '| result = ',
10 => '| status = Decisive [[Syrian Arab Army|Syrian Army]] and allies victory',
11 => '| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Arab Republic]]}}',
12 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia]]<ref name="russian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-forces-arrive-southern-syria/|title=Russian forces arrive in southern Syria|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><br/>''Allied militias:''<br/>{{Flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated militias<ref name="poised">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-iraqi-forces-poised-help-syrian-army-capture-baghdad-damascus-highway/|title=Hezbollah, Iraqi forces poised to help Syrian Army capture Baghdad-Damascus Highway|author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="pour">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-syrian-desert-despite-us-airstrikes/|title=In pictures: Syrian Army reinforcements pour into the Syrian desert despite US airstrikes|last=Tomson|first=Chris|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=19 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]]<ref name="afghan">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Afghan Fatemiyoun Division operative killed near US base in southeastern Syria|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=7 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref>',
13 => '| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]}}<br/>',
14 => '| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] <small>(since 23 May)</small>',
15 => '| commander1 = {{flagicon|Iran}} Maj. Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]]<ref name="soleimani">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php|title=Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[Quds Force]] chief commander)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Mowafiq As'ad<ref name="eastern commander">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/|title=Syrian military names new commander in eastern provinces |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria until 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. Rafiq Shahadeh<ref name="eastern commander" /><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria from 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour{{KIA}}<ref name="top army">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27445.html|title=ISIS kills top army commander in Syrian desert|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Syrian Army top commander)}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Syria}} Turki Albu Hamad<ref name="Muqatili">{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19789/quwat-muqatili-al-ashair-tribal-auxiliary-forces |title=Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=2 April 2017|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|}} Mohammad Hosseini "Salman"{{KIA}}<ref name="afghan"/><br/>{{small|(Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade intelligence chief)}}',
16 => '| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Tlas Salama<ref name=tlas>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1851KY|title=Syrian planes strike rebel outposts near Jordanian border|last=Al-Khalidi|first=Suleiman|date=9 May 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref><br/>({{small|Lions of the East Army commander}})<br/>',
17 => '| commander3 = Unknown',
18 => '| units1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces',
19 => '| units2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]',
20 => '| units3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Military of ISIL]]',
21 => '| strength1 = 50,000 <small>(pro-government claim)</small><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/ Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive], ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref>',
22 => '*{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}}{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} 3,000+<ref name="test" />',
23 => '| strength2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Revolutionary Commando Army: "Hundreds"<ref name=base /><br/>{{flagicon|United States}} 150 US troops,<ref name=base/> 1 [[HIMARS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html|title=Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time|author=Ryan Browne|work=[[CNN]]|date=13 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref>',
24 => '| strength3 = Unknown',
25 => '| casualties1 = ',
26 => '| casualties2 = ',
27 => '| casualties3 = ',
28 => '| notes = ',
29 => '| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| conflict = Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)',
1 => '| width = 420px',
2 => '| partof = the [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[Russian military intervention in Syria]]',
3 => '| image = SyrianDesert2.svg',
4 => '| image_size = 320px',
5 => '| caption = {{plainlist|',
6 => '| date = 7 May – 13 July 2017<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=13|year2=2017}})',
7 => '| place = [[Syrian Desert]], [[Syria]]',
8 => '| territory =',
9 => '| result = ',
10 => '| status = Decisive [[Syrian Arab Army|Syrian Army]] and allies victory',
11 => '| combatant1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Arab Republic]]}}',
12 => '{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia]]<ref name="russian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-forces-arrive-southern-syria/|title=Russian forces arrive in southern Syria|last=Fadel|first=Leith|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><br/>''Allied militias:''<br/>{{Flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]]-affiliated militias<ref name="poised">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-iraqi-forces-poised-help-syrian-army-capture-baghdad-damascus-highway/|title=Hezbollah, Iraqi forces poised to help Syrian Army capture Baghdad-Damascus Highway|author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=21 May 2017|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<ref name="pour">{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-syrian-desert-despite-us-airstrikes/|title=In pictures: Syrian Army reinforcements pour into the Syrian desert despite US airstrikes|last=Tomson|first=Chris|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=19 May 2017|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|}} [[Liwa Fatemiyoun]]<ref name="afghan">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Afghan Fatemiyoun Division operative killed near US base in southeastern Syria|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=7 June 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref><br/>'''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|UAE}}<br/>{{flag|Egypt}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256|title=Gulf state's support for the Russian military campaign against Syria, leaked document from the Air Force confirms|date=11 July 2018|access-date=5 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215213055/http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256|archive-date=13 July 2018}}</ref>',
13 => '| combatant2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]}}<br/>',
14 => '| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] <small>(since 23 May)</small>',
15 => '| commander1 = {{flagicon|Iran}} Maj. Gen. [[Qasem Soleimani]]<ref name="soleimani">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php|title=Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border|author=Amir Toumaj|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=14 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|([[Quds Force]] chief commander)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Mowafiq As'ad<ref name="eastern commander">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/|title=Syrian military names new commander in eastern provinces |author=Leith Fadel|work=[[al-Masdar News]]|date=28 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria until 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. Rafiq Shahadeh<ref name="eastern commander" /><br/>{{small|(Chief of staff for eastern Syria from 28 June)}}<br/>{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour{{KIA}}<ref name="top army">{{cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27445.html|title=ISIS kills top army commander in Syrian desert|publisher=Zaman al-Wasl|date=26 June 2017|access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Syrian Army top commander)}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Syria}} Turki Albu Hamad<ref name="Muqatili">{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/19789/quwat-muqatili-al-ashair-tribal-auxiliary-forces |title=Quwat Muqatili al-Asha'ir: Tribal Auxiliary Forces of the Military Intelligence |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=2 April 2017|access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes)}}<br/>{{flagicon image|}} Mohammad Hosseini "Salman"{{KIA}}<ref name="afghan"/><br/>{{small|(Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade intelligence chief)}}',
16 => '| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Tlas Salama<ref name=tlas>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1851KY|title=Syrian planes strike rebel outposts near Jordanian border|last=Al-Khalidi|first=Suleiman|date=9 May 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref><br/>({{small|Lions of the East Army commander}})<br/>',
17 => '| commander3 = Unknown',
18 => '| units1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces.svg}} Syrian Armed Forces',
19 => '| units2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]',
20 => '| units3 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Military of ISIL]]',
21 => '| strength1 = 50,000 <small>(pro-government claim)</small><ref>[https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/ Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive], ''[[Al-Masdar News]]''</ref>',
22 => '*{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}}{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} 3,000+<ref name="test" /> ',
23 => '| strength2 = {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Revolutionary Commando Army: "Hundreds"<ref name=base /><br/>{{flagicon|United States}} 150 US troops,<ref name=base/> 1 [[HIMARS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html|title=Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time|author=Ryan Browne|work=[[CNN]]|date=13 June 2017|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref>',
24 => '| strength3 = Unknown',
25 => '| casualties1 =',
26 => '| casualties2 =',
27 => '| casualties3 =',
28 => '| notes = ',
29 => '| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian Civil War}}'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [
0 => 'http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256',
1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200215213055/http://nedaa-sy.com/en/news/7256'
] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-lose-large-chunk-territory-syrian-army-east-sweida/',
1 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-forces-arrive-southern-syria/',
2 => 'http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php',
3 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-iraqi-forces-poised-help-syrian-army-capture-baghdad-damascus-highway/',
4 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-syrian-desert-despite-us-airstrikes/',
5 => 'http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php',
6 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568',
7 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd',
8 => 'http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=66168',
9 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/col-taarruzu-suriye-ordusu-20-000-kilometrekare-alani-kontrol-altina-aldi/',
10 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/',
11 => 'https://ar-ar.facebook.com/TheWorldWeAre/videos/on-may-26th-2017-the-syrian-arab-army-saa-and-its-allies-announced-start-of-the-/1213225135469969/',
12 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/titanic-blitz-offensive-pro-syria-forces-sees-3000-km2-liberated-just-12-hours-map-update/',
13 => 'http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php',
14 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/',
15 => 'https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27445.html',
16 => 'http://www.aymennjawad.org/19789/quwat-muqatili-al-ashair-tribal-auxiliary-forces',
17 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1851KY',
18 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170612084048/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html',
19 => 'http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html',
20 => 'https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/26145.html',
21 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-suffer-major-setback-syrian-army-troops-capture-much-eastern-sweida/',
22 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-government-iraqi-reinforcements-reach-southeast-damascus-upcoming-offensive/',
23 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-pro-syria-palestinian-troops-partaking-huge-badia-offensive/',
24 => 'https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27483.html',
25 => 'https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iran-is-outpacing-assad-for-control-of-syrias-shia-militias',
26 => 'http://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/story/12043/Who-leads-operates-Iran-militias-in-al-Tanf',
27 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170826095055/http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677',
28 => 'http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677',
29 => 'https://www.vz.ru/news/2017/5/26/871986.html',
30 => 'https://www.aldrimer.no/nordmenn-kjempet-pa-russisk-side-i-syria/',
31 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-divert-resources-fighting-syrian-army-instead-isis/',
32 => 'https://www.omrandirasat.org/images/M.C.E.UN.P/Territorial%20Control%20Map%20-%20Sham%20Desert%20-%2005%20Jan%202017.pdf',
33 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/',
34 => 'http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html',
35 => 'http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/article149433474.html',
36 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-important-operation-prevent-us-jordanian-troops-entering-damascus/',
37 => 'https://smmsyria.wordpress.com/2017/05/24/saa-opens-six-fronts-in-badiyeh-region-to-face-terrorists/',
38 => 'http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/us-led-coalition-strike-pro-syrian-regime-forces/',
39 => 'http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-led-coalition-strikes-pro-government-forces-in-syria/',
40 => 'http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/coalition-forces-reinforce-at-key-al-tanf-garrison-in-syria-1.2037146',
41 => 'http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-tanf-idUKKBN1952C8?il=0',
42 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-exclusive-idUSKBN1951YX',
43 => 'http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/syria-army-moves-area-rebels-evicted-isil-170515043533965.html',
44 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-jordanian-military-presence-growing-southern-syria-amid-new-government-offensive/',
45 => 'http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/144951',
46 => 'http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=66085',
47 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsa-launches-large-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/',
48 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsas-makes-little-advance-launching-big-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/',
49 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-resumes-offensive-seal-iraqi-border/',
50 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-launch-grad-rockets-syrian-army-positions-east-damascus/',
51 => 'http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN18B01D-OCATP',
52 => 'https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/15/syrian-troops-advancing-towards-us-british-special-forces/?WT.mc_id=tmg_share_tw',
53 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-prepares-seize-jordanian-iraqi-borders/',
54 => 'http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/32040/2/',
55 => 'http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-idUKKCN18E2JE',
56 => 'http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2017/05/18/US-led-Coalition-strikes-pro-regime-convoy-in-Syria-near-Jordan.html',
57 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-launches-rare-intentional-strike-on-pro-government-forces-in-syria/2017/05/18/9e4e2830-3bf0-11e7-8854-21f359183e8c_story.html',
58 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/05/18/united-states-official-airstrike-syria/101835198/',
59 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/details-us-attack-syrian-military-southern-syria/',
60 => 'http://eaworldview.com/2017/05/syria-developing-us-warplanes-and-rebels-hit-pro-assad-forces-in-east/',
61 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syria-us-airstrike-killed-soldiers-jordan-47506449',
62 => 'http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2017/19-may-tanf-front-saa-hezbollah--allies-advance-reached-zarqa',
63 => 'http://syriadirect.org/news/pro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%E2%80%98coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%E2%80%99/',
64 => 'http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/syrian-opposition-launch-burkan-al-badeya-offensive/',
65 => 'http://aletihadpress.com/2017/05/22/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A/',
66 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-blitz-offensive-secures-70-kilometers-jordanian-border-one-week/',
67 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-continues-blitz-offensive-besiege-us-backed-rebels-syrian-badiyah/',
68 => 'https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201705261525-kfts.htm',
69 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-new-front-isis-surprise-offensive/',
70 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-100-km-front-isis-new-surprise-offensive/',
71 => 'http://syriadirect.org/news/us-backs-off-battling-pro-assad-forces-in-east-syrian-desert/',
72 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-territory-retreating-us-backed-rebels-near-iraqi-border/',
73 => 'https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/153070',
74 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-make-significant-push-towards-deir-ezzor-palmyra/',
75 => 'http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl',
76 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040928/http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl',
77 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/saa-scores-massive-advances-isis-east-homs/',
78 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-strikes-back-us-backed-forces-southeast-syria/',
79 => 'https://ria.ru/syria/20170607/1496014448.html',
80 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-palestinian-paramilitary-advance-isis-en-route-deir-ezzor-video/',
81 => 'http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=67733',
82 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-overruns-us-backed-rebels-recaptures-strategic-hilltop/',
83 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/map-update-government-forces-regain-territories-syrian-desert/',
84 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-allies-score-significant-gains-isis-southeast-homs-video/',
85 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-pound-syrian-army-positions-damascus-baghdad-highway/',
86 => 'https://sports.yahoo.com/syria-army-reaches-iraq-border-us-tensions-monitor-171922078.html',
87 => 'http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2017/06/syria-conflict-iraq-us-is-border.html',
88 => 'http://sana.sy/en/?p=107808',
89 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-cutoff-us-backed-rebels-deir-ezzor/',
90 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-hezbollah-reaches-border-iraq-first-time-years/',
91 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jordanian-army-shoots-dead-five-us-backed-rebels-tried-evade-syrian-army/',
92 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/exclusive-syrian-army-enters-deir-ezzor-province/',
93 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-pro-government-forces-liberate-strategic-area-isis-syrias-badia/',
94 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isil-completely-collapses-east-palmyra/',
95 => 'http://www.iransview.com/why-iran-targets-isis-positions-in-syrias-deir-ezzur/1729/',
96 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-attacks-pro-u-s-militants-southeast-syria-executes-eight/',
97 => 'http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/20/politics/us-syria-shoots-down-pro-regime-drone/index.html',
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108 => 'https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-new-sites-along-palmyra-deir-ezzor-highway/',
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Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
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132 => 'https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/syrian-ceasefire-broken-after-a-day-sksgswqcr'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military operation of the Syrian Army</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="mw-stack stack-container stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;;width:420px"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in Syria">Russian military intervention in Syria</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:SyrianDesert2.svg" class="image"><img alt="SyrianDesert2.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SyrianDesert2.svg/320px-SyrianDesert2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="200" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SyrianDesert2.svg/480px-SyrianDesert2.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SyrianDesert2.svg/640px-SyrianDesert2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="900" /></a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#db4141; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Republic">Syrian government</a></div></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#cae7c4; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a></div></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#cc829b; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Iraqi government</a></div></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#b3b2ae; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></div></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>7 May – 13 July 2017<br />(2 months and 6 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>
<ul><li>South, eastern and central <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs Governorate</a><sup id="cite_ref-syriahr2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syriahr2-9">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li>Eastern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">as-Suwayda Governorate</a><sup id="cite_ref-chunk_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chunk-1">[1]</a></sup></li>
<li>South and eastern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate" title="Rif Dimashq Governorate">Rif Dimashq Governorate</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status">
<p>Decisive <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Army">Syrian Army</a> and allies victory
</p>
<ul><li>In late May, Syrian Army captured over 20,000 sq km of territory,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>–<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a> highway<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> and a large part of the eastern half of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">As-Suwayda province</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-chunk_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chunk-1">[1]</a></sup> encircling the rebel-held Eastern Qalamoun pocket<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></li>
<li>Syrian Army secured part of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Syria_border" title="Iraq–Syria border">Syrian-Iraqi border</a> for the first time since 2015, at the same time erasing the frontline between US-backed forces and ISIL</li>
<li>Syrian Army approaches and enters the province of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</a> from the south, cutting the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">Al-Qaim</a>-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Sukhnah,_Syria" title="Al-Sukhnah, Syria">Al-Sukhnah</a> road<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li>By mid-July, Syrian Army captured 3,000 sq km of territory from the FSA in the north-eastern part <a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">As-Suwayda province</a> and southern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate" title="Rif Dimashq Governorate">Rif Dimashq province</a><sup id="cite_ref-blitz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blitz-13">[13]</a></sup></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">
<p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Republic">Syrian Arab Republic</a></span>
</p>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li>
<li>Pro-gov. militias<sup id="cite_ref-chunk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chunk-1">[1]</a></sup></li></ul>
<span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-russian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russian-2">[2]</a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><sup id="cite_ref-test_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup><br /><i>Allied militias:</i><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/23px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/35px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/46px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">PMF</a>-affiliated militias<sup id="cite_ref-poised_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poised-4">[4]</a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a><sup id="cite_ref-pour_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pour-5">[5]</a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a><sup id="cite_ref-afghan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afghan-6">[6]</a></sup></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em">
<p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/23px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/35px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/45px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></span><br />
<b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-test_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a><sup id="cite_ref-test_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em">
<span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg/20px-AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg/31px-AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg/40px-AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> <small>(since 23 May)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">
<span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> Maj. Gen. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a><sup id="cite_ref-soleimani_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soleimani-14">[14]</a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> chief commander)</span><br /><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Mowafiq As'ad<sup id="cite_ref-eastern_commander_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eastern_commander-15">[15]</a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Chief of staff for eastern Syria until 28 June)</span><br /><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Brig. Gen. Rafiq Shahadeh<sup id="cite_ref-eastern_commander_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eastern_commander-15">[15]</a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Chief of staff for eastern Syria from 28 June)</span><br /><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-top_army_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_army-16">[16]</a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Syrian Army top commander)</span><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span> Turki Albu Hamad<sup id="cite_ref-Muqatili_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muqatili-17">[17]</a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes)</span><br /><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span> Mohammad Hosseini "Salman" <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-afghan_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afghan-6">[6]</a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade intelligence chief)</span></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em">
<p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/23px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/35px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/45px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Tlas Salama<sup id="cite_ref-tlas_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlas-18">[18]</a></sup><br />(<span style="font-size:85%;">Lions of the East Army commander</span>)<br />
</p>
<span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/23px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/35px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/45px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Lt. Col. Muhannad Tala<sup id="cite_ref-base_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-base-19">[19]</a></sup><br /> (<span style="font-size:85%;">Revolutionary Commando Army commander</span>)</td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em">
Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">
<p><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span> Syrian Armed Forces
</p>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-assad_army_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assad_army-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-setback_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-setback-21">[21]</a></sup>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/3rd_Armoured_Division_(Syria)" title="3rd Armoured Division (Syria)">3rd Division</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Qalamoun_Shield_Forces_infobox_logo.png" class="image"><img alt="Qalamoun Shield Forces infobox logo.png" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Qalamoun_Shield_Forces_infobox_logo.png/16px-Qalamoun_Shield_Forces_infobox_logo.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="350" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_Shield_Forces" title="Qalamoun Shield Forces">Qalamoun Shield Forces</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/4th_Armoured_Division_(Syria)" title="4th Armoured Division (Syria)">4th Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5th_Armoured_Division_(Syria)" title="5th Armoured Division (Syria)">5th Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(Syria)" title="7th Infantry Division (Syria)">7th Division</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/15th_Special_Forces_Division" title="15th Special Forces Division">15th Special Forces Division</a></li>
<li>5th Corps</li></ul></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/InfoboxNDF.png/22px-InfoboxNDF.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="268" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Defence_Forces_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Defence Forces (Syria)">National Defence Forces</a><sup id="cite_ref-reinforcements_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reinforcements-22">[22]</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="341" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Air Force">Syrian Arab Air Force</a></li></ul>
<p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Syrian pro-government militias
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Army.svg" class="image"><img alt="Emblem of the Palestine Liberation Army.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Army.svg/19px-Emblem_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="18" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Army.svg/29px-Emblem_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Army.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Army.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="643" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-partaking_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partaking-23">[23]</a></sup>
<ul><li>413th Battalion<sup id="cite_ref-partaking_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partaking-23">[23]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">SSNP</a><sup id="cite_ref-pour_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pour-5">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg" class="image"><img alt="Emblem of Liwa Al-Quds.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg/18px-Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg/27px-Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg/36px-Emblem_of_Liwa_Al-Quds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="1318" /></a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">Liwa al-Quds</a><sup id="cite_ref-quds_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quds-24">[24]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Baqir_Brigade" title="Baqir Brigade">Baqir Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-soleimani_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soleimani-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forces_of_the_Fighters_of_the_Tribes" title="Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes">Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes</a><sup id="cite_ref-Muqatili_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muqatili-17">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li>Saraya al-Areen<sup id="cite_ref-chunk_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chunk-1">[1]</a></sup></li>
<li>Jaafariyah Force<sup id="cite_ref-outpacing_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outpacing-25">[25]</a></sup>
<ul><li>Sayyida al Raqqia Brigade<sup id="cite_ref-test_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-outpacing_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outpacing-25">[25]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>al-Mukhtar al-Thiqfi Brigade<sup id="cite_ref-outpacing_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outpacing-25">[25]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/23px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/35px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/46px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">PMF</a>-affiliated Iraqi militias
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kata%27ib_al-Imam_Ali" title="Kata'ib al-Imam Ali">Kata'ib al-Imam Ali</a><sup id="cite_ref-reinforcements_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reinforcements-22">[22]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a><sup id="cite_ref-reinforcements_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reinforcements-22">[22]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a><sup id="cite_ref-test_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas" title="Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas">Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas</a><sup id="cite_ref-test_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba" title="Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba">Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba</a><sup id="cite_ref-soleimani_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soleimani-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_Assad_Allah_al-Ghalib_fi_al-Iraq_wa_al-Sham" title="Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham">LAAG</a><sup id="cite_ref-who_leads_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who_leads-26">[26]</a></sup></li>
<li>Harakat al Abdal<sup id="cite_ref-test_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup></li>
<li>Iraqi Liberation Movement<sup id="cite_ref-bringing_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bringing-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li>Force 313<sup id="cite_ref-bringing_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bringing-27">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li>Ansar Allah al Awfiya in Iraq and Syria<sup id="cite_ref-soleimani_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soleimani-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li>Jihad Companies<sup id="cite_ref-soleimani_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soleimani-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li>Liwa'a Zulfiqar<sup id="cite_ref-who_leads_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who_leads-26">[26]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span> Liwa Fatemiyoun
</p>
<ul><li>Hazrat-e Fatemeh Zahra Brigade<sup id="cite_ref-afghan_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afghan-6">[6]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/20px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/30px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/39px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1300" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> and affiliated units
</p>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9E.png/14px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9E.png" decoding="async" title="no" width="14" height="15" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="269" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special operations forces</a><sup id="cite_ref-russian_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russian-2">[2]</a></sup></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/31st_Guards_Air_Assault_Brigade" title="31st Guards Air Assault Brigade">31st Guards Air Assault Brigade</a> <small>(allegedly)</small><sup id="cite_ref-russian_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russian-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span> "Thorbrandr" <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> volunteers)</span><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em">
<p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/23px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/35px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/45px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>
</p>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Logo_of_the_Southern_Front.png/23px-Logo_of_the_Southern_Front.png" decoding="async" title="no" width="23" height="15" data-file-width="1337" data-file-height="858" /></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Front_(Syrian_rebel_group)" title="Southern Front (Syrian rebel group)">Southern Front</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lions_of_the_East_Army" title="Lions of the East Army">Lions of the East Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-instead_isis_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instead_isis-30">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Forces_of_Martyr_Ahmad_al-Abdo" title="Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo">Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo</a><sup id="cite_ref-instead_isis_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instead_isis-30">[30]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-base_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-base-19">[19]</a></sup></li>
<li>Al-Qaratayn Martyrs Brigade</li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em">
<p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg/20px-AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg/31px-AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg/40px-AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_of_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of ISIL">Military of ISIL</a>
</p>
<ul><li>Wilayat Homs</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">
<p>50,000 <small>(pro-government claim)</small><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/23px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/35px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiism_arabic_blue.svg/46px-Shiism_arabic_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span> 3,000+<sup id="cite_ref-test_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-3">[3]</a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em">
<span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/23px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/35px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/45px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Revolutionary Commando Army: "Hundreds"<sup id="cite_ref-base_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-base-19">[19]</a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> 150 US troops,<sup id="cite_ref-base_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-base-19">[19]</a></sup> 1 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HIMARS" class="mw-redirect" title="HIMARS">HIMARS</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em">
Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Template:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Syrian civil war</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<dl><dt><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></dt></dl>
<ul><li><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">January–April 2012</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–August 2012</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">September–December 2012</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">January–April 2013</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–December 2013</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">January–July 2014</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">August–December 2014</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">January–July 2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">August–December 2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">January–April 2016</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–August 2016</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">September–December 2016</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">January–April 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–August 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">September–December 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">January–April 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–August 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">September–December 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">January–April 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–August 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">September–December 2019</a><br /></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020)">2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Background and causes of the Syrian civil war">Background and causes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Casualties of the Syrian Civil War">Casualties</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War">Cities</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map">map</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Syria" title="List of terrorist incidents in Syria">Terrorism</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of massacres during the Syrian Civil War">Massacres</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UN_ceasefire;_Rebel_advances_(May_2012_–_Dec._2013)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">UN ceasefire</a>; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">Rebel advances</a> (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">3rd Rastan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Northern_Homs" title="Siege of Northern Homs">Northern Homs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Al-Haffah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Al-Tremseh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2012%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012–April 2013)">3rd Idlib Gov.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">1st Damascus</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">Bombing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Aleppo</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Anadan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh Air Base</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Base 46</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">1st Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Canopus_Star" title="Operation Canopus Star">2nd Aleppo offensive</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Syrian Kurdistan</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Kurdish–Islamist conflict</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Hasaka campaign</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">al-Yaarubiyah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Nubl_and_al-Zahraa" title="Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa">Nubl & Al-Zahraa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">2nd Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">1st Darayya</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Abu_al-Duhur_Airbase" title="Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase">Abu al-Duhur Airbase</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Gov.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">3rd Rif Dimashq</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(December_2012)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (December 2012)">1st Yarmouk camp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">2nd Darayya</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Darayya_and_Muadamiyat" title="Siege of Darayya and Muadamiyat">Darayya & Muadamiyat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">1st Hama offensive</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halfaya_massacre_(2012)" title="Halfaya massacre (2012)">Halfaya</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">1st Safira</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Shadadeh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">2nd Damascus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">1st Raqqa campaign</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">1st Raqqa</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">1st Daraa offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">4th Rif Dimashq</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tadamon_massacre" title="Tadamon massacre">Tadamon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">2nd al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Eastern_Ghouta" title="Siege of Eastern Ghouta">Eastern Ghouta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">2nd Hama offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">1st Latakia offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Maaloula" title="Battle of Maaloula">Ma'loula</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">5th Rif Dimashq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">1st Qalamoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rise_of_the_Islamic_State_(Jan._–_Sept._2014)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Rise of the Islamic State</span></a> (Jan. – Sept. 2014)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">1st Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">al-Otaiba ambush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Hosn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Morek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">2nd Daraa offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">2nd Latakia offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">4th Idlib Gov.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Al-Malihah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">2nd Wadi Deif</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">2nd Qalamoun</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Arsal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Deir_ez-Zor_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)">Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">1st Shaer gas field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">1st Eastern Syria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">3rd Hama offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">6th Rif Dimashq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">1st Quneitra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S.-led_intervention,_Rebel_&amp;_ISIL_advances_(Sept._2014_–_Sept._2015)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">U.S.-led intervention</span></a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">Rebel</a> & <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">ISIL advances</a> (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">3rd Daraa offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">2nd Safira</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">2014 Idlib city raid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Nusra–FSA conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">2nd Shaer gas field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">1st Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Rainbow_(Syrian_civil_war)" title="Operation Rainbow (Syrian civil war)">3rd Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">An-26 crash</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">4th Daraa offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">1st Sarrin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama/Homs offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Bosra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">5th Idlib Gov</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">2nd Idlib city</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_al-Fu%27ah_and_Kafriya" title="Siege of al-Fu'ah and Kafriya">Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Nasib</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">2nd Yarmouk camp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">1st Northwestern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">3rd Qalamoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">1st Palmyra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">1st Al-Hasakah city</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_and_As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)">Daraa/As-Suwayda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">2nd Quneitra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">2nd Sarrin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (June–July 2015)">5th Daraa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">2nd Al-Hasakah city</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">2nd Kobanî</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (July 2015)">4th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2015)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2015)">2nd Zabadani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">2nd Palmyra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Ghab_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)">Al-Ghab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">1st al-Qaryatayn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douma_massacre_(2015)" title="Douma massacre (2015)">Douma market</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">7th Rif Dimashq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuweires_offensive" title="Kuweires offensive">Kuweires offensive</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_intervention_(Sept._2015_–_March_2016)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Russian intervention</span></a> (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(October_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (October 2015)">3rd Quneitra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">2nd Northwestern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">3rd Latakia offensive</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">5th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">al-Hawl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">6th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Hama_offensive" title="2015 Hama offensive">4th Hama offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tell_Tamer_bombings" title="Tell Tamer bombings">Tell Tamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">al-Qamishli bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orontes_River_offensive" title="Orontes River offensive">Orontes River</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">1st Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">7th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">1st Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">2nd Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">2nd Tel Abyad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Tanf_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Tanf offensive (2016)">Al-Tanf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">2nd Al-Qaryatayn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">3rd Palmyra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Maarat_al-Numan_(2016)" title="Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2016)">2nd Maarat al-Nu'man</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aleppo_escalation_and_Euphrates_Shield_(March_2016_–_February_2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)"><span class="wrap">Aleppo escalation</span></a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield"><span class="wrap"><i>Euphrates Shield</i></span></a> (March 2016 – February 2017)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">8th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Daraa offensive (March–April 2016)">6th Daraa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">9th–11th Aleppo offensives</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Dumayr_offensive_(April_2016)" title="Al-Dumayr offensive (April 2016)">Al-Dumayr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">1st Qamishli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_bombings_(April%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo bombings (April–July 2016)">Aleppo bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">8th Rif Dimashq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(2016)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (2016)">3rd Shaer gas field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tokhar_airstrike" title="Tokhar airstrike">Tokhar</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">9th Rif Dimashq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">12th–14th Aleppo offensives</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (June–July 2016)">12th</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (July–August 2016)">13th</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(August%E2%80%93September_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (August–September 2016)">14th</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Latakia_offensive" title="2016 Latakia offensive">4th Latakia offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">1st Abu Kamal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">3rd Qamishli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Atmeh_attack" title="2016 Atmeh attack">Atmeh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)">3rd Al-Hasakah City</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Northern al-Bab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">al-Bab</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Hama_offensive" title="2016 Hama offensive">5th Hama offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">1st Western al-Bab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (September–October 2016)">1st Eastern Qalamoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">September bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Quneitra offensive (September 2016)">4th Quneitra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">Deir ez-Zor airstrike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">Aleppo aid convoy attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">15th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/October_2016_Idlib_Governorate_clashes" title="October 2016 Idlib Governorate clashes">1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">2nd Western al-Bab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)">16th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">2nd Raqqa campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">17th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">4th Palmyra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">1st Syrian Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">5th Palmyra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">4th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">18th Aleppo offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">7th Daraa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">8th Daraa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria_(Feb._–_Nov._2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Collapse of Islamic State in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">Eastern Homs offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">al-Jina mosque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">6th Hama offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">US Shayrat strike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bus bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April 2017 Turkish airstrikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Syrian Desert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">2nd Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">9th Daraa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ja%27Din_shootdown_incident" title="Ja'Din shootdown incident">Ja'din</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">5th Quneitra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">4th Qalamoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">2nd Eastern Syria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Deir ez-Zor city</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Euphrates_Crossing_offensive_(2017)" title="Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)">Euphrates Crossing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">2nd Abu Kamal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">7th Hama offensive</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rebels_in_retreat_and_Operation_Olive_Branch(Nov._2017_–_Sep._2018)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Rebels in retreat and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch"><span class="wrap">Operation Olive Branch</span></a></i><br />(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">3rd Northwestern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atarib_market_massacre" title="Atarib market massacre">Atarib</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Harasta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">3rd Syrian Desert</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">5th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">1st Southern Damascus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Olive Branch</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afrin_offensive_(January%E2%80%93March_2018)" title="Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)">Afrin</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SDF_insurgency_in_Northern_Aleppo" title="SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo">SDF insurgency</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Khasham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">Feb. 2018 Israel–Syria incident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">10th Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">2nd Southern Damascus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="2018 missile strikes against Syria">U.S.-led missile strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">2nd Eastern Qalamoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">3rd Southern Damascus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">House of Cards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">1st As-Suwayda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">2nd Southern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">2nd As-Suwayda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">3rd As-Suwayda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">2nd Qamishli</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_demilitarization(Sep._2018_–_April_2019)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)"><span class="wrap">Idlib demilitarization</span></a><br />(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Sep. 2018 missile strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack#Retaliatory_missile_and_drone_strikes" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_U.S._airstrike_in_Baghuz" title="2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz">U.S. airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Idlib_offensive,_Operation_Peace_Spring,_&amp;_Second_Idlib_offensive_(April_2019_–_March_2020)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)"><span class="wrap">First Idlib offensive</span></a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria"><span class="wrap">Operation Peace Spring</span></a></i>, & <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)"><span class="wrap">Second Idlib offensive</span></a> (April 2019 – March 2020)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">4th Northwestern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">Raqqa & Azaz bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Operation Peace Spring</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Ras al-Ayn">2nd Ras al-Ayn</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Operation Kayla Mueller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">Northern Syria bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">5th Northwestern Syria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">2nd U.S.-led missile strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2020_Daraa_clashes" title="March 2020 Daraa clashes">1st Daraa clashes</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_ceasefire_(March_2020_–_present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Qamishli & Al-Hasakah siege</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">3rd Qamishli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Daraa_offensive" title="2021 Daraa offensive">2nd Daraa clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Damascus_bus_bombing" title="2021 Damascus bus bombing">Damascus bus bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">3rd Al-Hasakah city</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Khashab_shooting" title="Abu Khashab shooting">Abu Khashab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes" title="2022 Jarqli airstrikes">Jarqli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/October_2022_northern_Aleppo_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2022 northern Aleppo clashes">2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Al-Sabboura_bus_bombing" title="2022 Al-Sabboura bus bombing">Al-Sabboura</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Claw-Sword</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwestern Syria clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Deir_ez-Zor_attack" title="2022 Deir ez-Zor attack">Al-Taim attack</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_War_spillover_and_international_incidents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Syrian War spillover and international incidents</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon spillover</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese–Syrian border</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Sidon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border incidents</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">Turkish F4 shootdown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">Reyhanlı bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">Kurdish riots</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian–Syrian border incidents</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 incident</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraqi–Syrian border incidents</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">al-Shabah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li>Spillover in Iran
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">2017 Tehran attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State-related_terrorist_attacks_in_Turkey" title="Islamic State-related terrorist attacks in Turkey">Spillover in Turkey</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Su-24 shootdown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Andrei Karlov</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun airstrikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr Takharim airstrikes</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<hr />
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Spillover in Europe</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian Arab Republic</b>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war">2015 military intervention</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 missile strike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Iran–Israel conflict</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">2012 Hezbollah involvement</a></li></ul>
<p><b>Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian Rebels</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign rebel fighters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State-related_terrorist_attacks_in_Turkey" title="Islamic State-related terrorist attacks in Turkey">Turkey–ISIL conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tomb_of_Suleyman_Shah#Events_during_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Tomb of Suleyman Shah">Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">2017 airstrikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate operation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Afrin operation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israel's role in the Syrian civil war">Israel's role</a></li></ul>
<p><b>U.S.-led intervention against ISIL</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led Intervention</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_attacks_on_Syria_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of United States attacks on Syria during the Syrian civil war">List of attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">2014 rescue operation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2015_U.S._special_forces_raid_in_Syria" title="May 2015 U.S. special forces raid in Syria">May 2015 raid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatari involvement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Muath" title="Operation Martyr Muath">Operation Martyr Muath</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Lebanon's role in the Syrian civil war">Lebanon's role</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="2018 missile strikes against Syria">2018 bombing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">UK intervention</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div>
<p>The <b>Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)</b> was a large-scale <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">military operation</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> that initially started along the highway from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> to the border with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">rebel forces</a> during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>. Its first intended goal was to capture both the highway and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Waleed_border_crossing" title="Al Waleed border crossing">al-Tanf border crossing</a>, thus securing the Damascus countryside from a potential rebel attack.<sup id="cite_ref-focus_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-focus-34">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-important_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-important-35">[35]</a></sup> Later, multiple other fronts were opened as part of the operation throughout the desert, as well as operation "<b>Grand Dawn</b>" against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a> with the aim of reopening the Damascus-Palmyra highway and preparing for an offensive towards <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fronts_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fronts-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since 2016, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> operated and manned a training facility in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Tanf" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tanf">al-Tanf</a> (the "Al Tanf Garrison"), with their special operations troops advising a Syrian rebel group known as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnntanf_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnntanf-37">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbstanf_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbstanf-38">[38]</a></sup> The garrison was reinforced in May, and then expanded in June 2017, with more advanced U.S. offensive weapons, including the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/HIMARS" class="mw-redirect" title="HIMARS">HIMARS</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Multiple_rocket_launcher" title="Multiple rocket launcher">multiple rocket launchers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnndeploys_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnndeploys-40">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> On a number of occasions, U.S. forces struck advancing pro-government troops and militia in what U.S. forces dubbed ″self-defense strikes″.<sup id="cite_ref-cnndeploys_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnndeploys-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#The_offensive"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">The offensive</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Advance_along_the_Baghdad–Damascus_highway"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Advance along the Baghdad–Damascus highway</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Push_along_the_Jordanian_border"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Push along the Jordanian border</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Reopening_of_the_Damascus–Palmyra_highway"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Reopening of the Damascus–Palmyra highway</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Syrian_Army_reaches_the_Iraqi_border"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Syrian Army reaches the Iraqi border</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#SAA_advance_towards_al-Sukhnah_and_into_Deir_ez-Zor"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">SAA advance towards al-Sukhnah and into Deir ez-Zor</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#SAA_advances_in_as-Suwayda_and_Rif-Dimashq_governorates"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">SAA advances in as-Suwayda and Rif-Dimashq governorates</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)</a></div>
<p>In the months prior to the offensive, the rebel <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> (FSA) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Southern_Syrian_Desert_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Southern Syrian Desert campaign">waged a campaign</a> against the jihadist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL) in the desert border region known as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Badia_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Badia (region)">Badia</a>, which ended with ISIL being fully expelled from the southern Syrian desert. This also brought the rebels closer to the southeastern countryside of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and government-held territory.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_offensive">The offensive</span></h2>
<h3><span id="Advance_along_the_Baghdad.E2.80.93Damascus_highway"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Advance_along_the_Baghdad–Damascus_highway">Advance along the Baghdad–Damascus highway</span></h3>
<p>On 7 May 2017, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Army">Syrian Arab Army</a>, led by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Army#5th_Corps" title="Syrian Army">5th Corps</a> and Iranian-backed militias, launched an attack on the FSA in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sabaa_Biyar" title="Sabaa Biyar">Sabaa Biyar</a> area of Homs province.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-important_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-important-35">[35]</a></sup> By the following day, the SAA had advanced some 45 kilometers<sup id="cite_ref-focus_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-focus-34">[34]</a></sup> and captured several sites east of the Al-Seen Airbase in the advance, including: the Zaza Checkpoint, the Sabihiyah Mountains and the Sabaa Biyar area. The advance gave them fire control over this rural region.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stepagency-sy_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stepagency-sy-45">[45]</a></sup>
</p><p>The FSA began a counteroffensive on 9 May,<sup id="cite_ref-syriahr_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syriahr-46">[46]</a></sup> with the intended goal of recapturing these areas as well as the large mountains overlooking the Baghdad-Damascus road.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> The commander of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lions_of_the_East_Army" title="Lions of the East Army">Lions of the East Army</a>, Tlas al-Salama, claimed that Syrian warplanes had struck rebel outposts near the Syrian-Jordanian border after which his group fired missiles towards Khalhala airport.<sup id="cite_ref-tlas_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlas-18">[18]</a></sup> At the end of the day, the rebels recaptured the Zaza checkpoint, but failed to re-enter the Sabaa Biyar area.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 10 May, clashes renewed in the Zaza area<sup id="cite_ref-syriahr2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syriahr2-9">[9]</a></sup> and two days later the Army recaptured the Zaza checkpoint, as well as the Sabihiyah Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> In an attempt to counter the Army's advances, the rebels fired dozens of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BM-21_Grad" title="BM-21 Grad">'Grad'</a> rockets on Army positions. In retaliation, the Syrian Air Force hit FSA convoys and their rearguard headquarters at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Waleed_border_crossing" title="Al Waleed border crossing">al-Tanf border crossing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> and on 12 May Iraqi Shi'ite militias launched an offensive from the east to drive the militants from the desert region.<sup id="cite_ref-toward_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toward-51">[51]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the night between 14 and 15 May, pro-government reinforcements arrived in the area, including Iraqi Shiite militias.<sup id="cite_ref-reinforcements_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reinforcements-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bringing_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bringing-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toward_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toward-51">[51]</a></sup> The reinforcements concentrated in the town of Biyar Al-Saba.<sup id="cite_ref-toward_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toward-51">[51]</a></sup> More Army tanks, as well as surface-to-air missiles, were brought closer to the frontline.<sup id="cite_ref-special_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-special-52">[52]</a></sup> By this point, government forces were within 24 and 100 kilometers of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Waleed_border_crossing" title="Al Waleed border crossing">al-Tanf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-special_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-special-52">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> Meanwhile, U.S. and British special forces had arrived at the border crossing<sup id="cite_ref-special_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-special-52">[52]</a></sup> to assist the rebels in their ongoing offensive towards ISIL-held Deir ez-Zor.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 18 May, National Defense Forces, alongside the 5th and 7th Armored Divisions of the Syrian Army, advanced 35 kilometers into rebel-held areas in eastern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">As-Suwayda Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-setback_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-setback-21">[21]</a></sup> Meanwhile, government forces were probing to determine how near they could get to al-Tanf and reached positions about 27 kilometers from the town,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> when the lead portion of their advancing convoy was hit by US-led Coalition air-strikes. According to a U.S. defense official, before the strikes were conducted, government troops were warned they were getting too close to Coalition forces garrisoned in al-Tanf but did not respond.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> According to the U.S., four or five vehicles were destroyed, including a tank<sup id="cite_ref-rare_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rare-57">[57]</a></sup> and two bulldozers.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> In contrast, the Syrian Army reported that two tanks were destroyed and a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ZSU-23-4" class="mw-redirect" title="ZSU-23-4">Shilka</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">SPAAG</a> was damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup> Eight soldiers were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-rare_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rare-57">[57]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p>The next day, despite the US-led Coalition's air-strikes, pro-government forces captured the Zarqa junction near al-Tanf.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-62">[62]</a></sup> The Army also sent more reinforcements to the highway.<sup id="cite_ref-pour_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pour-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-62">[62]</a></sup> Meanwhile, the pro-government Iranian-backed militias advanced southwards from the government-held eastern <a href="/enwiki/wiki/An-Nabek_District" title="An-Nabek District">Qalamoun</a> area on the 19th, taking territory from US-backed rebels in the Badia.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Push_along_the_Jordanian_border">Push along the Jordanian border</span></h3>
<p>On 20 May, the Syrian Army, alongside their paramilitary allies, captured part of the eastern part of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">as-Suwayda</a> province, namely the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Al-Zuluf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Zuluf (page does not exist)">al-Zuluf</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-chunk_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chunk-1">[1]</a></sup> The following day, government forces further advanced and captured several positions in the southern Syrian desert.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup> In response to the government advances, FSA groups in the area launched an operation named "Badia Volcano" to fight the pro-government forces.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 22 May, the Army captured the Al-Rahbeh area, 25 kilometers north of the Zuluf dam, with no direct clashes taking place, save for an artillery duel. Thus the Army was 30 kilometers from cutting off a large, sparsely populated, rebel-held area in the south-eastern Damascus countryside. Also, during the last week, the Syrian Army managed to secure 70 kilometers of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian-Jordanian_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian-Jordanian border">Syrian-Jordanian border</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> Towards the end of the day, the Syrian Army reached positions six kilometers south of the newly captured Scientific Research Battalion, while other forces advanced east of the Zuluf Dam. These advances, brought the Army close to completely encircling and cutting off rebel forces in the south-eastern part of Damascus governorate from their comrades in and around <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Tanf" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tanf">Al-Tanf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> The government forces appeared to use advanced Russian-made arms and were supported by Russian helicopters, a report acknowledged on 26 May by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Russian Defence ministry</a>′s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">media outlet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Reopening_of_the_Damascus.E2.80.93Palmyra_highway"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Reopening_of_the_Damascus–Palmyra_highway">Reopening of the Damascus–Palmyra highway</span></h3>
<p>On 23 May, the Syrian Army opened a new 100-kilometer front against ISIL, with the intended aim to open the Damascus-Palmyra highway and to prevent the US-backed rebels from linking up with their allies in the Eastern Qalamoun mountains. Government forces swiftly captured over 1,200 square kilometers of territory, including numerous hills and villages from ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> The next day, the Army made a push south and east of Palmyra as well, capturing several locations, including Abtar mountain and Arak gas fields.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This brought the total number of open fronts as part of the operation to clear the Syrian desert of rebels and ISIL to six.<sup id="cite_ref-fronts_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fronts-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 25 May, the Army captured half a dozen locations, paving the way for the reopening of the Damascus-Palmyra highway the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Syrian_Army_reaches_the_Iraqi_border">Syrian Army reaches the Iraqi border</span></h3>
<p>On 30 May, the Syrian Army, alongside the National Defense Forces and Iraqi paramilitary units, captured the Helba area in south-eastern Homs province, thus coming within 50 km of the border with Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup> The next day, FSA groups launched a counteroffensive called <i>Operation This is Our Land</i> and launched barrages of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BM-21_Grad" title="BM-21 Grad">BM-21 Grad</a> rockets at government forces. The rebels claimed to have broken through the first government lines of defense near the Zaza checkpoint. In response, the Syrian and Russian Air Forces conducted airstrikes against the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 3 June, the Syrian Army captured several positions along the highway, six kilometers west of Arak.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> Three days later, the Army reported it had captured three areas from ISIL south of Palmyra, creating the conditions for a simultaneous push towards both the T3 pumping station and Arak.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup>
</p><p>Meanwhile, on 6 June, the Syrian Army captured the hilltop of <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Tal_Al-Abd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tal Al-Abd (page does not exist)">Tal Al-Abd</a> along with some adjacent points, thus putting them close to the <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Dawkah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dawkah (page does not exist)">Dawkah</a> area, while the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> had struck pro-government forces 25 miles from the US-UK training area at al-Tanf earlier in the day.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> The U.S. forces stated the government forces were a threat to the U.S.-backed fighters and allied troops based at the Coalition training area at al-Tanf.<sup id="cite_ref-cbstanf_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbstanf-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnntanf_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnntanf-37">[37]</a></sup> The next day, the Syrian government′s allies threatened retaliatory strikes in the event of further U.S. strikes on Syria′s forces.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Qasem_Soleimani_in_Syrian_Desert_(June_2017).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Qasem_Soleimani_in_Syrian_Desert_%28June_2017%29.jpg/250px-Qasem_Soleimani_in_Syrian_Desert_%28June_2017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="557" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Qasem_Soleimani_in_Syrian_Desert_(June_2017).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Major general <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> gives a prayer of thanks for the success of the offensive near the Iraqi border, together with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a> fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-soleimani_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soleimani-14">[14]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>On 7 June, government forces seized several hills around Arak. Advances were also made southeast of Palmyra.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-syriahr.com_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syriahr.com-82">[82]</a></sup> On 8 June, the Syrian Army captured the Dakwah hilltop from the rebels and some hilltops and the Bir Abbasiyah area from ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup> Meanwhile, during the same day, the USAF struck the Syrian Army operating near al-Tanf again, while the rebels showered SAA positions with Grad rockets.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 June, government forces advanced eastwards and set up positions around 70 kilometers (40 miles) northeast of al-Tanf, thus reaching and securing a part of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Syria_border" title="Iraq–Syria border">Syrian-Iraqi border</a> for the first time since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup> The advance also cut off the U.S.-backed forces from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> On 11 June, five rebel fighters were killed by Jordanian forces, as they tried to return to Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> On 23 June, Syrian Army captured Ard Al-Washash, Al-Waer Dam, Al-Waer Canyon region and considerable desert areas, coming within 25 km from T2 pumping station.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup> On 26 June Bi'r al-Duliayat area was captured by Syrian Army from ISIL rebel forces.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="SAA_advance_towards_al-Sukhnah_and_into_Deir_ez-Zor">SAA advance towards <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Sukhnah,_Syria" title="Al-Sukhnah, Syria">al-Sukhnah</a> and into <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor</a></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Syrian_rebel_BM-21_launcher_launching_rockets_in_Syrian_Desert.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Syrian_rebel_BM-21_launcher_launching_rockets_in_Syrian_Desert.jpg/250px-Syrian_rebel_BM-21_launcher_launching_rockets_in_Syrian_Desert.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Syrian_rebel_BM-21_launcher_launching_rockets_in_Syrian_Desert.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A Syrian rebel <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BM-21_Grad" title="BM-21 Grad">BM-21 Grad</a> launcher launching rockets at Syrian Army forces in the Syrian Desert.</div></div></div>
<p>On 13 June, the Syrian Army captured the town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arak,_Syria" title="Arak, Syria">Arak</a> and nearby Arak Gas Fields.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Later on that day, almost the entire 103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard was deployed to the area from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latakia_Governorate" title="Latakia Governorate">Latakia Governorate</a>, to participate in an upcoming large-scale offensive to break ISIL's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Deir_ez-Zor_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–present)">siege of Deir ez-Zor city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup> The next day, the Syrian Army captured the Arak triangle, which includes the T3 pumping station, as well as the Talilah area.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup>
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a></div>
<p>On 18 June, the Syrian Army reportedly cut the road between ISIL-held towns of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">Al-Qaim</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Sukhnah,_Syria" title="Al-Sukhnah, Syria">Al-Sukhnah</a>, entered Deir ez-Zor Governorate from the south, while capturing large parts of the Syrian Desert from ISIL.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Meanwhile, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IRGC_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="IRGC Aerospace Force">IRGC Aerospace Force</a> bases in west Iran fired six <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">surface-to-surface</a> mid-range missiles targeting ISIL forces in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. It was officially announced as a response to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">terrorist attacks in Tehran</a> earlier that month.<sup id="cite_ref-iv_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iv-97">[97]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 19 June, ISIL fighters reportedly stormed a military camp held by the Revolutionary Commando Army, resulting in the capture and subsequent execution of eight rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup> The next day, a USAF F-15E shot down a pro-government Shahed-129 UCAV as it approached the 55 kilometer exclusion zone surrounding the Coalition base at Al-Tanf.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup> On 21 June, the Syrian Army attacked the rebel-held Bir Qassab area, 75 kilometers southeast of Damascus, eventually capturing it.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 22 June, the Syrian Army reported it had come within 20 km of Al-Sukhnah.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup> Two days later, pro-government forces seized the Arak Gas Station as they continued their push towards Deir ez-Zor.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 26 June, government forces made significant advances toward <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup> and over the next two days captured more territory from ISIL in eastern Homs Governorate. ISIL resistance was heavy, however,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup> and the government forces suffered numerous casualties, including Maj. Gen. Fuad Khaddour.<sup id="cite_ref-top_army_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_army-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quds_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quds-24">[24]</a></sup> Meanwhile, FSA groups continued to attack government outposts in the desert.<sup id="cite_ref-instead_isis_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instead_isis-30">[30]</a></sup> During the first day of July, the Syrian Army pushed deeper into Syrian Desert, capturing two hills overlooking Hamimah.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 6 July, after two days of fighting, pro-government forces advanced 10 kilometers, coming within 15 kilometers of Al-Sukhnah. 35 ISIL jihadists and 22 pro-government fighters were killed during the clashes.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup> On 9 July ISIL fighters overran hill of Al-Mashirfah near town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jubb_al-Jarrah" title="Jubb al-Jarrah">Jubb Al-Jarrah</a>, stating that they killed 20 SAA soldiers. The next day Syrian Army pressed on towards Sukhnah, capturing most of al-Qalilat mountain chain north-west of al-Hail gas field, stating that they killed over 20 ISIL fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 July, the al-Hail gas field was captured by the Army.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="SAA_advances_in_as-Suwayda_and_Rif-Dimashq_governorates">SAA advances in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">as-Suwayda</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate" title="Rif Dimashq Governorate">Rif-Dimashq</a> governorates</span></h3>
<p>Despite an internationally agreed ceasefire,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup> on 10 July Syrian government troops and Iranian-backed militias initiated the second phase of Operation Big Dawn,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup> launching an assault upon eight rebel-held villages east of Khalkhalah airbase in a sparsely-populated, mainly Druze desert area, capturing the hilltop of Tal al-Asfar alongside several smaller hills overlooking the village of Al-Asfar.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-119">[119]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></sup> The area was held by <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Jaysh_Ahrar_al_Ashaer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaysh Ahrar al Ashaer (page does not exist)">Jaysh Ahrar al Ashaer</a>, a rebel group composed of tribal fighters operating in the border area with Jordan, and the rebels claimed the government assault included aerial bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-119">[119]</a></sup> Concurrently, another assault was launched on rebel positions in Suwayda and Rif-Dimashq governorates near al-Seen airbase.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></sup> During the first day of the renewed push, government forces captured 3,000 square kilometers of territory from the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-blitz_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blitz-13">[13]</a></sup> Over the next several days, by 13 July, the Syrian Army and its allies captured an additional 200 square kilometers,<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></sup> coming within 20 km from completely encircling a large rebel-held mountainous semi-desert area straddling across eastern Suwayda and Rif-Dimashq governorates.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following a short-lived ceasefire with the FSA in Syria's south-western Badia region, brokered by Russia and the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></sup> government forces started redeploying to the east of Palmyra for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign_(July_2017%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Syria campaign (July 2017–present)">a new offensive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Aftermath">Aftermath</span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign_(2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Syria campaign (2017)">Central Syria campaign (2017)</a></div>
<p>On 1 August, the rebels announced a new offensive against the Syrian Arab Army in Syria's desert region. The rebels stated they would continue to fight government forces despite the rejection of US support for their battle.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></sup> On 4 August, the Syrian Arab Army resumed their operations against the FSA, making advances near the Jordanian border.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></sup> Government advances continued in As-Suwayda the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></sup> Late in August, rebel fighters assaulted Syrian Army border posts along the border with Jordan in As-Suwayda governorate, but were forced to fall back to Jordan after failing to break through the defenses.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
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<li id="cite_note-afghan-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afghan_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afghan_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afghan_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Toumaj2017" class="citation web cs1">Amir Toumaj (7 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/afghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php">"Afghan Fatemiyoun Division operative killed near US base in southeastern Syria"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long_War_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War Journal">Long War Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Afghan+Fatemiyoun+Division+operative+killed+near+US+base+in+southeastern+Syria&rft.date=2017-06-07&rft.au=Amir+Toumaj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2017%2F06%2Fafghan-fatemiyoun-division-operative-killed-near-us-base-in-southeastern-syria.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFNews" class="citation news cs1">News, ABC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568">"The Latest: US: Pro-Syrian forces hit in strike posed threat"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Latest%3A+US%3A+Pro-Syrian+forces+hit+in+strike+posed+threat&rft.aulast=News&rft.aufirst=ABC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Flatest-syria-talks-constitutional-issues-begin-47484568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFManson2017" class="citation web cs1">Manson, Katrina (18 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd">"US strikes pro-Assad regime convoy in southern Syria"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=US+strikes+pro-Assad+regime+convoy+in+southern+Syria&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft.aulast=Manson&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F76fe4c09-94c6-3dd6-bf56-b3f7ff549abd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/col-taarruzu-suriye-ordusu-20-000-kilometrekare-alani-kontrol-altina-aldi/">"Çöl taarruzu: Suriye ordusu, +20.000 kilometrekare alanı kontrol altına aldı"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a>. 10 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%87%C3%B6l+taarruzu%3A+Suriye+ordusu%2C+%2B20.000+kilometrekare+alan%C4%B1+kontrol+alt%C4%B1na+ald%C4%B1&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcol-taarruzu-suriye-ordusu-20-000-kilometrekare-alani-kontrol-altina-aldi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Fadel, Leith (26 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/">"Syrian Army liberates roads between Damascus, Palmyra: video"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Army+liberates+roads+between+Damascus%2C+Palmyra%3A+video&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ar-ar.facebook.com/TheWorldWeAre/videos/on-may-26th-2017-the-syrian-arab-army-saa-and-its-allies-announced-start-of-the-/1213225135469969/"><i>The World على Facebook Watch</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%E2%80%8E%E2%80%8F+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+Facebook+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Far-ar.facebook.com%2FTheWorldWeAre%2Fvideos%2Fon-may-26th-2017-the-syrian-arab-army-saa-and-its-allies-announced-start-of-the-%2F1213225135469969%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-soleimani-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soleimani_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soleimani_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soleimani_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soleimani_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soleimani_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soleimani_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Toumaj2017" class="citation web cs1">Amir Toumaj (14 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php">"Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long_War_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War Journal">Long War Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Qassem+Soleimani+allegedly+spotted+in+Syria+near+the+Iraqi+border&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft.au=Amir+Toumaj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2017%2F06%2Fqassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-eastern_commander-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eastern_commander_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eastern_commander_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Fadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Leith Fadel (28 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces/">"Syrian military names new commander in eastern provinces"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Syrian+military+names+new+commander+in+eastern+provinces&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft.au=Leith+Fadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-military-names-new-commander-eastern-provinces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-base-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-base_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-base_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-base_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-base_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Ersan2017" class="citation web cs1">Muhammad Ersan (1 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170612084048/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html">"Syrian rebel commander: 150 US troops at al-Tanf base"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/syria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Syrian+rebel+commander%3A+150+US+troops+at+al-Tanf+base&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft.au=Muhammad+Ersan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2017%2F06%2Fsyria-desert-tanf-us-backed-rebel-group.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-assad_army-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-assad_army_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/26145.html">"Assad army deploys troops near the borderline with Jordan, Iraq"</a>. <i>Zaman al-Wasl</i>. 14 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zaman+al-Wasl&rft.atitle=Assad+army+deploys+troops+near+the+borderline+with+Jordan%2C+Iraq&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.zamanalwsl.net%2Fnews%2F26145.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-setback-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-setback_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-setback_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Fadel, Leith (18 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-suffer-major-setback-syrian-army-troops-capture-much-eastern-sweida/">"US-backed rebels suffer major setback as Syrian Army troops capture much of eastern Sweida"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=US-backed+rebels+suffer+major+setback+as+Syrian+Army+troops+capture+much+of+eastern+Sweida&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-rebels-suffer-major-setback-syrian-army-troops-capture-much-eastern-sweida%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-reinforcements-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reinforcements_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reinforcements_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reinforcements_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reinforcements_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Fadel, Leith (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-government-iraqi-reinforcements-reach-southeast-damascus-upcoming-offensive/">"Syrian government, Iraqi reinforcements reach southeast Damascus for upcoming offensive"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+government%2C+Iraqi+reinforcements+reach+southeast+Damascus+for+upcoming+offensive&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-government-iraqi-reinforcements-reach-southeast-damascus-upcoming-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-partaking-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-partaking_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-partaking_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-pro-syria-palestinian-troops-partaking-huge-badia-offensive/">"In pictures: Pro-Syria Palestinian troops partaking in huge Badia offensive"</a>. 11 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+pictures%3A+Pro-Syria+Palestinian+troops+partaking+in+huge+Badia+offensive&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpictures-pro-syria-palestinian-troops-partaking-huge-badia-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-quds-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quds_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quds_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/27483.html">"Liwa al Quds mourns 17 militants killed by ISIS in Palmyra"</a>. Zaman al-Wasl. 27 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liwa+al+Quds+mourns+17+militants+killed+by+ISIS+in+Palmyra&rft.pub=Zaman+al-Wasl&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.zamanalwsl.net%2Fnews%2F27483.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-outpacing-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-outpacing_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-outpacing_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-outpacing_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFPhillip_Smyth2018" class="citation web cs1">Phillip Smyth (12 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iran-is-outpacing-assad-for-control-of-syrias-shia-militias">"Iran Is Outpacing Assad for Control of Syria's Shia Militias"</a>. <i>Washington Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Institute&rft.atitle=Iran+Is+Outpacing+Assad+for+Control+of+Syria%27s+Shia+Militias&rft.date=2018-04-12&rft.au=Phillip+Smyth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fview%2Firan-is-outpacing-assad-for-control-of-syrias-shia-militias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-who_leads-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who_leads_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who_leads_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFMostapha_Hassan2017" class="citation web cs1">Mostapha Hassan (13 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/story/12043/Who-leads-operates-Iran-militias-in-al-Tanf">"Who leads, operates Iran militias in al-Tanf?"</a>. <i>Baghdad Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baghdad+Post&rft.atitle=Who+leads%2C+operates+Iran+militias+in+al-Tanf%3F&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft.au=Mostapha+Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebaghdadpost.com%2Fen%2Fstory%2F12043%2FWho-leads-operates-Iran-militias-in-al-Tanf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bringing-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bringing_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bringing_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bringing_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826095055/http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677">"Assad regime bringing in new Iraqi militias"</a>. <i>El-Dorar Al-Shamia</i>. 12 May 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.eldorar.com/node/5677">the original</a> on 26 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El-Dorar+Al-Shamia&rft.atitle=Assad+regime+bringing+in+new+Iraqi+militias&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.eldorar.com%2Fnode%2F5677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vz.ru/news/2017/5/26/871986.html">СМИ: Элитные отряды сирийской армии и российские морпехи переброшены на восток Хамы</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vzglyad_(newspaper)" title="Vzglyad (newspaper)">Vzglyad (newspaper)</a>, 26 May 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFKjetil_Stormark2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kjetil Stormark (11 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aldrimer.no/nordmenn-kjempet-pa-russisk-side-i-syria/">"Nordmenn kjempet på russisk side i Syria"</a> [Norwegians fought in Syria on the Russian side]. <i>AldriMer.no</i> (in Norwegian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AldriMer.no&rft.atitle=Nordmenn+kjempet+p%C3%A5+russisk+side+i+Syria&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft.au=Kjetil+Stormark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldrimer.no%2Fnordmenn-kjempet-pa-russisk-side-i-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-instead_isis-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-instead_isis_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-instead_isis_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-instead_isis_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFChris_Tomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Chris Tomson (26 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-divert-resources-fighting-syrian-army-instead-isis/">"VIDEO: US-backed rebels divert all resources to fighting the Syrian Army instead of ISIS"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VIDEO%3A+US-backed+rebels+divert+all+resources+to+fighting+the+Syrian+Army+instead+of+ISIS&rft.pub=al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft.au=Chris+Tomson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-us-backed-rebels-divert-resources-fighting-syrian-army-instead-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omrandirasat.org/images/M.C.E.UN.P/Territorial%20Control%20Map%20-%20Sham%20Desert%20-%2005%20Jan%202017.pdf">"Territorial Control Map – Sham Desert"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Omran Dirasat</i>. 4 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Omran+Dirasat&rft.atitle=Territorial+Control+Map+%E2%80%93+Sham+Desert&rft.date=2017-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omrandirasat.org%2Fimages%2FM.C.E.UN.P%2FTerritorial%2520Control%2520Map%2520-%2520Sham%2520Desert%2520-%252005%2520Jan%25202017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/">Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFRyan_Browne2017" class="citation web cs1">Ryan Browne (13 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html">"Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+US+deploys+long-range+artillery+system+to+southern+Syria+for+first+time&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft.au=Ryan+Browne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2017%2F06%2F13%2Fpolitics%2Fus-artillery-system-southern-syria%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-focus-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-focus_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-focus_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/article149433474.html">"Syrian troops shift focus to IS-held east | Miami Herald"</a>. miamiherald.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+troops+shift+focus+to+IS-held+east+%26%23124%3B+Miami+Herald&rft.pub=miamiherald.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Farticle149433474.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-important-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-important_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-important_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Fadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Leith Fadel (7 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-important-operation-prevent-us-jordanian-troops-entering-damascus/">"Syrian Army begins important operation to prevent US-Jordanian troops from entering Damascus"</a>. almasdarnews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Army+begins+important+operation+to+prevent+US-Jordanian+troops+from+entering+Damascus&rft.pub=almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft.au=Leith+Fadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-begins-important-operation-prevent-us-jordanian-troops-entering-damascus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fronts-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fronts_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fronts_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smmsyria.wordpress.com/2017/05/24/saa-opens-six-fronts-in-badiyeh-region-to-face-terrorists/">"SAA Opens Six Fronts in Badiyeh Region to Face Terrorists"</a>. smmsyria.wordpress blog. 24 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAA+Opens+Six+Fronts+in+Badiyeh+Region+to+Face+Terrorists&rft.pub=smmsyria.wordpress+blog&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmmsyria.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F05%2F24%2Fsaa-opens-six-fronts-in-badiyeh-region-to-face-terrorists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cnntanf-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnntanf_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnntanf_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/06/politics/us-led-coalition-strike-pro-syrian-regime-forces/">US-led coalition strikes pro-Syrian regime forces</a> CNN, 6 June 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-cbstanf-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbstanf_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbstanf_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-led-coalition-strikes-pro-government-forces-in-syria/">U.S.-led coalition strikes pro-government forces in Syria</a> CBS News, 6 June 2017.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/coalition-forces-reinforce-at-key-al-tanf-garrison-in-syria-1.2037146">Coalition forces reinforce at key Al Tanf garrison in Syria</a> Gulf News, 2 June 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-cnndeploys-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnndeploys_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnndeploys_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/us-artillery-system-southern-syria/index.html">Exclusive: US deploys long-range artillery system to southern Syria for first time</a> CNN, 13 June 2016.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-tanf-idUKKBN1952C8?il=0">U.S. moves long-range rocket launchers into southern Syria, intelligence sources say</a> Reuters, 14 June 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFAl-Khalidi2017" class="citation news cs1">Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (14 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-exclusive-idUSKBN1951YX">"Exclusive: U.S. expands presence in Syrian desert, rebels say"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+U.S.+expands+presence+in+Syrian+desert%2C+rebels+say&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft.aulast=Al-Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Suleiman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-exclusive-idUSKBN1951YX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/syria-army-moves-area-rebels-evicted-isil-170515043533965.html">Syria army 'moves into area' where rebels evicted ISIL</a>, Al-Jazeera, 15 May 2017</span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation news cs1">Fadel, Leith (8 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-jordanian-military-presence-growing-southern-syria-amid-new-government-offensive/">"US, Jordanian military presence growing in southern Syria amid new government offensive"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=US%2C+Jordanian+military+presence+growing+in+southern+Syria+amid+new+government+offensive&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-jordanian-military-presence-growing-southern-syria-amid-new-government-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-stepagency-sy-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stepagency-sy_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/144951">"معركة جديدة لميليشيات الأسد للاستيلاء على مواقع المعارضة بالقلمون الشرقي | Step News Agency"</a>. stepagency-sy.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A+%26%23124%3B+Step+News+Agency&rft.pub=stepagency-sy.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstepagency-sy.net%2Farchives%2F144951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-syriahr-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-syriahr_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=66085">"Attack by Usoud al-Sharqiyyah in the Syria desert between Homs and al-Qalamoun in an attempt to advance"</a>. syriahr.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attack+by+Usoud+al-Sharqiyyah+in+the+Syria+desert+between+Homs+and+al-Qalamoun+in+an+attempt+to+advance&rft.pub=syriahr.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D66085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Fadel, Leith (9 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsa-launches-large-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/">"FSA launches large counter-offensive in southeast Damascus"</a>. <i>Al-Masdar News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=FSA+launches+large+counter-offensive+in+southeast+Damascus&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffsa-launches-large-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Fadel, Leith (10 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fsas-makes-little-advance-launching-big-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus/">"FSA's makes little advance after launching big counter-offensive in southeast Damascus"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=FSA%27s+makes+little+advance+after+launching+big+counter-offensive+in+southeast+Damascus&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffsas-makes-little-advance-launching-big-counter-offensive-southeast-damascus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Fadel, Leith (12 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-resumes-offensive-seal-iraqi-border/">"Syrian Army resumes offensive to seal Iraqi border"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Army+resumes+offensive+to+seal+Iraqi+border&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-resumes-offensive-seal-iraqi-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFTomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Tomson, Chris (13 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-launch-grad-rockets-syrian-army-positions-east-damascus/">"VIDEO: US-backed rebels launch GRAD rockets on Syrian Army positions east of Damascus"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VIDEO%3A+US-backed+rebels+launch+GRAD+rockets+on+Syrian+Army+positions+east+of+Damascus&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-05-13&rft.aulast=Tomson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-us-backed-rebels-launch-grad-rockets-syrian-army-positions-east-damascus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-toward-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toward_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toward_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toward_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFAl-Khalidi2017" class="citation news cs1">Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN18B01D-OCATP">"Syrian army sends reinforcements toward border with Iraq: rebels"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Syrian+army+sends+reinforcements+toward+border+with+Iraq%3A+rebels&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.aulast=Al-Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Suleiman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FtopNews%2FidCAKCN18B01D-OCATP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-special-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-special_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-special_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-special_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFEnsorSafwan2017" class="citation news cs1">Ensor, Josie; Safwan, Luna (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/15/syrian-troops-advancing-towards-us-british-special-forces/?WT.mc_id=tmg_share_tw">"Syrian troops advancing towards U.S. and British special forces"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Syrian+troops+advancing+towards+U.S.+and+British+special+forces&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.aulast=Ensor&rft.aufirst=Josie&rft.au=Safwan%2C+Luna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2017%2F05%2F15%2Fsyrian-troops-advancing-towards-us-british-special-forces%2F%3FWT.mc_id%3Dtmg_share_tw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFIzat_Charkatli2017" class="citation web cs1">Izat Charkatli (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-prepares-seize-jordanian-iraqi-borders/">"Syrian Army prepares to seize the Jordanian and Iraqi borders"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+prepares+to+seize+the+Jordanian+and+Iraqi+borders&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.au=Izat+Charkatli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-prepares-seize-jordanian-iraqi-borders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/32040/2/">"MINA Breaking News"</a>. <i>macedoniaonline.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=macedoniaonline.eu&rft.atitle=MINA+Breaking+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmacedoniaonline.eu%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F32040%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFAl-Khalidi" class="citation web cs1">Al-Khalidi, Phil Stewart and Suleiman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-idUKKCN18E2JE">"U.S. strikes Syria militia threatening U.S.-backed forces - officials"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+strikes+Syria+militia+threatening+U.S.-backed+forces+-+officials&rft.aulast=Al-Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Phil+Stewart+and+Suleiman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa-idUKKCN18E2JE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2017/05/18/US-led-Coalition-strikes-pro-regime-convoy-in-Syria-near-Jordan.html">"US-led coalition strikes pro-regime convoy in Syria near Jordan"</a>. 18 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-led+coalition+strikes+pro-regime+convoy+in+Syria+near+Jordan&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2017%2F05%2F18%2FUS-led-Coalition-strikes-pro-regime-convoy-in-Syria-near-Jordan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-rare-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rare_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rare_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-launches-rare-intentional-strike-on-pro-government-forces-in-syria/2017/05/18/9e4e2830-3bf0-11e7-8854-21f359183e8c_story.html">"U.S. launches rare intentional strike on pro-government forces in Syria"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+launches+rare+intentional+strike+on+pro-government+forces+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fus-launches-rare-intentional-strike-on-pro-government-forces-in-syria%2F2017%2F05%2F18%2F9e4e2830-3bf0-11e7-8854-21f359183e8c_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/05/18/united-states-official-airstrike-syria/101835198/">"Military official: U.S. airstrike hits pro-regime forces in Syria"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Military+official%3A+U.S.+airstrike+hits+pro-regime+forces+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2017%2F05%2F18%2Funited-states-official-airstrike-syria%2F101835198%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Fadel, Leith (18 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/details-us-attack-syrian-military-southern-syria/">"Details of U.S. attack on Syrian military in southern Syria"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Details+of+U.S.+attack+on+Syrian+military+in+southern+Syria&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdetails-us-attack-syrian-military-southern-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott Lucas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eaworldview.com/2017/05/syria-developing-us-warplanes-and-rebels-hit-pro-assad-forces-in-east/">Syria Developing: US Warplanes, Supporting Rebels, Hit Pro-Assad Forces in East</a>, 'EAWorldview<i> 18 May 2017</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syria-us-airstrike-killed-soldiers-jordan-47506449">"Syria says US airstrike killed several soldiers near Jordan"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Syria+says+US+airstrike+killed+several+soldiers+near+Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fsyria-us-airstrike-killed-soldiers-jordan-47506449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-auto-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2017/19-may-tanf-front-saa-hezbollah--allies-advance-reached-zarqa">"Tanf front: SAA, Hezbollah & allies advance reached Zarqa junction so far"</a>. <i>Map of Syrian Civil war/ Global conflict in Syria - Syria news - syria.liveuamap.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Map+of+Syrian+Civil+war%2F+Global+conflict+in+Syria+-+Syria+news+-+syria.liveuamap.com&rft.atitle=Tanf+front%3A+SAA%2C+Hezbollah+%26+allies+advance+reached+Zarqa+junction+so+far&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyria.liveuamap.com%2Fen%2F2017%2F19-may-tanf-front-saa-hezbollah--allies-advance-reached-zarqa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syriadirect.org/news/pro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%E2%80%98coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%E2%80%99/">Pro-regime forces advance toward base in Syrian desert as US warns: Coalition will 'defend' itself</a>, SyriaDirect, 22 May 2017</span>
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<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syriadirect.org/news/pro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%E2%80%98coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%E2%80%99/">"Pro-regime forces advance toward base in Syrian desert as US warns: Coalition will 'defend' itself"</a>. <i>Syria Direct</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syria+Direct&rft.atitle=Pro-regime+forces+advance+toward+base+in+Syrian+desert+as+US+warns%3A+Coalition+will+%27defend%27+itself&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyriadirect.org%2Fnews%2Fpro-regime-forces-advance-toward-base-in-syrian-desert-as-us-warns-%25E2%2580%2598coalition-forces-will-defend-themselves%25E2%2580%2599%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/syrian-opposition-launch-burkan-al-badeya-offensive/">"Syrian opposition launch "Burkan al-Badeya" offensive"</a>. 23 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+opposition+launch+%22Burkan+al-Badeya%22+offensive&rft.date=2017-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqinews.com%2Farab-world-news%2Fsyrian-opposition-launch-burkan-al-badeya-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aletihadpress.com/2017/05/22/بركان-البادية-معركة-جديدة-لطرد-الميلي/">"بركان البادية: معركة جديدة لطرد الميليشيات الشيعية"</a>. <i>Al Etihad Press</i>. 22 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Etihad+Press&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faletihadpress.com%2F2017%2F05%2F22%2F%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFTomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Tomson, Chris (23 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-blitz-offensive-secures-70-kilometers-jordanian-border-one-week/">"Syrian Army blitz offensive secures 70 kilometers of Jordanian border in one week"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+blitz+offensive+secures+70+kilometers+of+Jordanian+border+in+one+week&rft.date=2017-05-23&rft.aulast=Tomson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-blitz-offensive-secures-70-kilometers-jordanian-border-one-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFCharkatli2017" class="citation web cs1">Charkatli, Izat (24 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-continues-blitz-offensive-besiege-us-backed-rebels-syrian-badiyah/">"Syrian Army continues blitz offensive to besiege US-backed rebels in Syrian Badiyah"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+continues+blitz+offensive+to+besiege+US-backed+rebels+in+Syrian+Badiyah&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Charkatli&rft.aufirst=Izat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-continues-blitz-offensive-besiege-us-backed-rebels-syrian-badiyah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201705261525-kfts.htm">Ми-35 ВКС РФ наносит удар по террористам у границ Иордании: видео</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Zvezda (TV channel)</a>, 26 May 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFCharkatli2017" class="citation news cs1">Charkatli, Izat (23 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-new-front-isis-surprise-offensive/">"Syrian Army opens new front against ISIS in a surprise offensive"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+opens+new+front+against+ISIS+in+a+surprise+offensive&rft.date=2017-05-23&rft.aulast=Charkatli&rft.aufirst=Izat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-opens-new-front-isis-surprise-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFCharkatli2017" class="citation news cs1">Charkatli, Izat (24 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-opens-100-km-front-isis-new-surprise-offensive/">"Syrian Army opens a 100 km front against ISIS in new surprise offensive"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+opens+a+100+km+front+against+ISIS+in+new+surprise+offensive&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Charkatli&rft.aufirst=Izat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-opens-100-km-front-isis-new-surprise-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waleed Khaled a-Noufal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syriadirect.org/news/us-backs-off-battling-pro-assad-forces-in-east-syrian-desert/">US-backed rebels losing territory in east Syrian desert to regime</a>, <i>Syria Direct</i>, 29 May 2017</span>
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<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation news cs1">Fadel, Leith (26 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video/">"Syrian Army liberates roads between Damascus, Palmyra: video"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+liberates+roads+between+Damascus%2C+Palmyra%3A+video&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-liberates-roads-damascus-palmyra-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFadel2017" class="citation news cs1">Fadel, Leith (30 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-territory-retreating-us-backed-rebels-near-iraqi-border/">"Syrian Army captures more territory from retreating US-backed rebels near Iraqi border"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+captures+more+territory+from+retreating+US-backed+rebels+near+Iraqi+border&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft.aulast=Fadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-captures-territory-retreating-us-backed-rebels-near-iraqi-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/153070">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Free Army" ignites the desert counter attack .. The Russians are interfering"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enab_Baladi" title="Enab Baladi">Enab Baladi</a></i>. 31 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enab+Baladi&rft.atitle=%22Free+Army%22+ignites+the+desert+counter+attack+..+The+Russians+are+interfering&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enabbaladi.net%2Farchives%2F153070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-make-significant-push-towards-deir-ezzor-palmyra/">Syrian Army, Hezbollah make significant push towards Deir Ezzor from Palmyra</a> <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a></i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl">Army Retakes Key Town From Isis And Gains Ground In East</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040928/http://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-bea8-Army-retakes-key-town-from-Isis-and-gains-ground-in-east#.WTiHDFWGOUl">Archived</a> 10 September 2017 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFeyerabend2017" class="citation news cs1">Feyerabend, Henri (6 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/saa-scores-massive-advances-isis-east-homs/">"SAA scores massive advances against ISIS in east Homs"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=SAA+scores+massive+advances+against+ISIS+in+east+Homs&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft.aulast=Feyerabend&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsaa-scores-massive-advances-isis-east-homs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-strikes-back-us-backed-forces-southeast-syria/">"Syrian Army strikes back against US-backed forces in southeast Syria"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 6 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+strikes+back+against+US-backed+forces+in+southeast+Syria&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-strikes-back-us-backed-forces-southeast-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/syria/20170607/1496014448.html">Штаб союзников Сирии пригрозил США ответным ударом</a> RIA Novosti, 7 June 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-palestinian-paramilitary-advance-isis-en-route-deir-ezzor-video/">"Syrian Army, Palestinian paramilitary advance against ISIS en route to Deir Ezzor (VIDEO)"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 7 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army%2C+Palestinian+paramilitary+advance+against+ISIS+en+route+to+Deir+Ezzor+%28VIDEO%29&rft.date=2017-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-palestinian-paramilitary-advance-isis-en-route-deir-ezzor-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-syriahr.com-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-syriahr.com_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=67733">"Regime forces achieve advancement in the northeastern desert of Palmyra and aerial bombardment targets its areas"</a>. 7 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regime+forces+achieve+advancement+in+the+northeastern+desert+of+Palmyra+and+aerial+bombardment+targets+its+areas&rft.date=2017-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D67733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-overruns-us-backed-rebels-recaptures-strategic-hilltop/">"BREAKING: Syrian Army overruns US-backed rebels, recaptures strategic hilltop"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 8 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=BREAKING%3A+Syrian+Army+overruns+US-backed+rebels%2C+recaptures+strategic+hilltop&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-syrian-army-overruns-us-backed-rebels-recaptures-strategic-hilltop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/map-update-government-forces-regain-territories-syrian-desert/">"Map Update: Government forces regain more territories in Syrian Desert"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 8 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Map+Update%3A+Government+forces+regain+more+territories+in+Syrian+Desert&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmap-update-government-forces-regain-territories-syrian-desert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-allies-score-significant-gains-isis-southeast-homs-video/">"Syrian Army and allies score significant gains against ISIS in southeast Homs (VIDEO)"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 8 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+and+allies+score+significant+gains+against+ISIS+in+southeast+Homs+%28VIDEO%29&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-allies-score-significant-gains-isis-southeast-homs-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-us-backed-rebels-pound-syrian-army-positions-damascus-baghdad-highway/">"VIDEO: US-backed rebels pound Syrian Army positions on the Damascus-Baghdad highway"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 8 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+US-backed+rebels+pound+Syrian+Army+positions+on+the+Damascus-Baghdad+highway&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-us-backed-rebels-pound-syrian-army-positions-damascus-baghdad-highway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/syria-army-reaches-iraq-border-us-tensions-monitor-171922078.html">Syria says troops reach Iraq border after US tensions</a> AFP, 9 June 2017.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2017/06/syria-conflict-iraq-us-is-border.html">"Syria army reaches Iraq border after US tensions: monitor"</a>. 9 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+army+reaches+Iraq+border+after+US+tensions%3A+monitor&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Fafp%2F2017%2F06%2Fsyria-conflict-iraq-us-is-border.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sana.sy/en/?p=107808">"Syrian Army reaches Syrian-Iraqi borders northeast of al-Tanf, thwarts ISIS attack in Deir Ezzor – Syrian Arab News Agency"</a>. <i>sana.sy</i>. 9 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sana.sy&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+reaches+Syrian-Iraqi+borders+northeast+of+al-Tanf%2C+thwarts+ISIS+attack+in+Deir+Ezzor+%E2%80%93+Syrian+Arab+News+Agency&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsana.sy%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D107808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-cutoff-us-backed-rebels-deir-ezzor/">"Syrian Army, Hezbollah cutoff US-backed rebels from Deir Ezzor"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 9 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army%2C+Hezbollah+cutoff+US-backed+rebels+from+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-hezbollah-cutoff-us-backed-rebels-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-hezbollah-reaches-border-iraq-first-time-years/">"BREAKING: Syrian Army, Hezbollah reaches border with Iraq for the first time in years"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 9 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=BREAKING%3A+Syrian+Army%2C+Hezbollah+reaches+border+with+Iraq+for+the+first+time+in+years&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-syrian-army-hezbollah-reaches-border-iraq-first-time-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jordanian-army-shoots-dead-five-us-backed-rebels-tried-evade-syrian-army/">"Jordanian Army shoots dead five US-backed rebels who tried to evade the Syrian Army"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 11 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Jordanian+Army+shoots+dead+five+US-backed+rebels+who+tried+to+evade+the+Syrian+Army&rft.date=2017-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fjordanian-army-shoots-dead-five-us-backed-rebels-tried-evade-syrian-army%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/exclusive-syrian-army-enters-deir-ezzor-province/">"Exclusive: Syrian Army enters Deir Ezzor province"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 23 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Syrian+Army+enters+Deir+Ezzor+province&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fexclusive-syrian-army-enters-deir-ezzor-province%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-pro-government-forces-liberate-strategic-area-isis-syrias-badia/">"VIDEO: Pro-government forces liberate strategic area from ISIS in Syria's Badia"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 26 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+Pro-government+forces+liberate+strategic+area+from+ISIS+in+Syria%27s+Badia&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-pro-government-forces-liberate-strategic-area-isis-syrias-badia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/republican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive/">"Republican Guard reinforcements arrive in Palmyra to aid Deir Ezzor liberation offensive"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 14 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Republican+Guard+reinforcements+arrive+in+Palmyra+to+aid+Deir+Ezzor+liberation+offensive&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Frepublican-guard-reinforcements-arrive-palmyra-aid-deir-ezzor-liberation-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isil-completely-collapses-east-palmyra/">"ISIL completely collapses east of Palmyra"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 14 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=ISIL+completely+collapses+east+of+Palmyra&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisil-completely-collapses-east-palmyra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-iv-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iv_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iransview.com/why-iran-targets-isis-positions-in-syrias-deir-ezzur/1729/">"Why Iran Targets ISIS Positions in Syria's Deir Ezzur?"</a>. Iran's View. 19 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Iran+Targets+ISIS+Positions+in+Syria%27s+Deir+Ezzur%3F&rft.pub=Iran%27s+View&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iransview.com%2Fwhy-iran-targets-isis-positions-in-syrias-deir-ezzur%2F1729%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-attacks-pro-u-s-militants-southeast-syria-executes-eight/">"In pictures: ISIS attacks pro-U.S. militants in southeast Syria, executes eight"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a></i>. 19 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+ISIS+attacks+pro-U.S.+militants+in+southeast+Syria%2C+executes+eight&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpictures-isis-attacks-pro-u-s-militants-southeast-syria-executes-eight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFRyan_Browne_and_Barbara_Starr2017" class="citation web cs1">Ryan Browne and Barbara Starr (20 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/20/politics/us-syria-shoots-down-pro-regime-drone/index.html">"First on CNN: US shoots down another pro-regime drone in Syria"</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=First+on+CNN%3A+US+shoots+down+another+pro-regime+drone+in+Syria&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft.au=Ryan+Browne+and+Barbara+Starr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F06%2F20%2Fpolitics%2Fus-syria-shoots-down-pro-regime-drone%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKBN19B2V3">Rebels say Syrian army, Iranian-backed militias launch offensive in eastern desert</a>, Reuters</span>
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<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-captures-important-area-us-backed-militants-east-damascus/">Breaking: Syrian Army captures important area from US-backed militants in east Damascus</a>, Al-Masdar</span>
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<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stepagency-sy.net/archives/151167">"وكالة ستيب الإخبارية"</a>. <i>stepagency-sy.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stepagency-sy.net&rft.atitle=%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstepagency-sy.net%2Farchives%2F151167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=68903">"Hit-and-run clashes southeast of Rif Dimashq between the regime forces and International Coalition-backed factions"</a>. 26 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hit-and-run+clashes+southeast+of+Rif+Dimashq+between+the+regime+forces+and+International+Coalition-backed+factions&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D68903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFSource2017" class="citation web cs1">Source, The Inside (20 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/877118875950645251">"#Syria // #Damascus // US backed rebels withdraw from Bīr Qassab area"</a>. <i>twitter.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twitter.com&rft.atitle=%23Syria+%2F%2F+%23Damascus+%2F%2F+US+backed+rebels+withdraw+from+B%C4%ABr+Qassab+area.&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft.aulast=Source&rft.aufirst=The+Inside&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FInsideSourceInt%2Fstatus%2F877118875950645251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-pushes-east-palmyra-recaptures-strategic-gas-field/">"Syrian Army pushes east of Palmyra, recaptures strategic gas field"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 22 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+pushes+east+of+Palmyra%2C+recaptures+strategic+gas+field&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-pushes-east-palmyra-recaptures-strategic-gas-field%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFChris_Tomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Chris Tomson (26 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/deir-ezzor-liberation-within-sight-syrian-army-pounces-isis-held-desert/">"Deir Ezzor liberation within sight as Syrian Army pounces through ISIS-held desert"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deir+Ezzor+liberation+within+sight+as+Syrian+Army+pounces+through+ISIS-held+desert&rft.pub=al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft.au=Chris+Tomson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdeir-ezzor-liberation-within-sight-syrian-army-pounces-isis-held-desert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Fadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Leith Fadel (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-inch-closer-deir-ezzor/">"Syrian Army, Hezbollah inch closer to Deir Ezzor"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army%2C+Hezbollah+inch+closer+to+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.au=Leith+Fadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-hezbollah-inch-closer-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Fadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Leith Fadel (28 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-footage-syrian-army-pushing-east-deir-ezzor/">"Video footage of the Syrian Army pushing east to Deir Ezzor"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+footage+of+the+Syrian+Army+pushing+east+to+Deir+Ezzor&rft.pub=al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft.au=Leith+Fadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-footage-syrian-army-pushing-east-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Fadel2017" class="citation web cs1">Leith Fadel (28 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-new-sites-along-palmyra-deir-ezzor-highway/">"Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture new sites along Palmyra-Deir Ezzor Highway"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Army%2C+Hezbollah+capture+new+sites+along+Palmyra-Deir+Ezzor+Highway&rft.pub=al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft.au=Leith+Fadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-hezbollah-capture-new-sites-along-palmyra-deir-ezzor-highway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-syrian-army-tanks-race-headlong-towards-isis-bastion-southern-deir-ezzor/">"VIDEO: Syrian Army tanks race headlong towards ISIS bastion in southern Deir Ezzor"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 2 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+Syrian+Army+tanks+race+headlong+towards+ISIS+bastion+in+southern+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-syrian-army-tanks-race-headlong-towards-isis-bastion-southern-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=69539">"About 60 persons were killed during the advancement of the regime forces to 15 km from the last city controlled by the "Islamic State" organization in Homs province"</a>. 7 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+60+persons+were+killed+during+the+advancement+of+the+regime+forces+to+15+km+from+the+last+city+controlled+by+the+%22Islamic+State%22+organization+in+Homs+province&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D69539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-carries-rare-successful-counter-offensive-eastern-homs/">"In pictures: ISIS carries out rare successful counter-offensive in eastern Homs"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 10 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+ISIS+carries+out+rare+successful+counter-offensive+in+eastern+Homs&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpictures-isis-carries-rare-successful-counter-offensive-eastern-homs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pro-syria-forces-smash-key-isis-defense-line-sukhnah-capture-strategic-high-ground/">"Pro-Syria forces smash key ISIS defense line before Sukhnah, capture strategic high-ground"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 9 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Pro-Syria+forces+smash+key+ISIS+defense+line+before+Sukhnah%2C+capture+strategic+high-ground&rft.date=2017-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpro-syria-forces-smash-key-isis-defense-line-sukhnah-capture-strategic-high-ground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-allies-fully-secure-strategic-site-isis-eastern-homs/">"BREAKING: Syrian Army and allies fully secure strategic site from ISIS in eastern Homs"</a>. 11 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BREAKING%3A+Syrian+Army+and+allies+fully+secure+strategic+site+from+ISIS+in+eastern+Homs&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-syrian-army-allies-fully-secure-strategic-site-isis-eastern-homs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-army/syrian-army-takes-more-oil-fields-from-islamic-state-in-raqqa-and-eastern-desert-idUSKBN1A00PC">"Syrian army takes more oil fields from Islamic State in Raqqa and eastern desert"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 15 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Syrian+army+takes+more+oil+fields+from+Islamic+State+in+Raqqa+and+eastern+desert&rft.date=2017-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-army%2Fsyrian-army-takes-more-oil-fields-from-islamic-state-in-raqqa-and-eastern-desert-idUSKBN1A00PC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/10/southern-syria-ceasefire-holds-despite-sporadic-violations">Southern Syria ceasefire holds despite sporadic violations</a>, Al-Araby, 10 July 2017</span>
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<li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-kicks-off-2nd-phase-operation-big-dawn-southeast-syria/">"Breaking: Syrian Army kicks off 2nd phase of Operation Big Dawn in southeast Syria"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 10 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Breaking%3A+Syrian+Army+kicks+off+2nd+phase+of+Operation+Big+Dawn+in+southeast+Syria&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-syrian-army-kicks-off-2nd-phase-operation-big-dawn-southeast-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-auto1-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-south/syrian-army-militias-attack-rebels-in-southeast-desert-idUSKBN19V1SQ">Syrian army, militias attack rebels in southeast desert</a>, Reuters, 10 July 2017</span>
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<li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/11/syria-regime-breaks-ceasefire-with-attacks-on-suweida-daraa">Syria regime breaks ceasefire with attacks on Free Syrian Army in Suweida and Daraa</a>, Al-Araby, 11 July 2017</span>
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<li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-several-sites-northern-sweida/">"Syrian Army captures several sites in northern Sweida"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 10 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+captures+several+sites+in+northern+Sweida&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-captures-several-sites-northern-sweida%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/syrian-ceasefire-broken-after-a-day-sksgswqcr">Ceasefire in Syria broken after a day</a>, The Times, 11 July 2017</span>
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<li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-large-parts-southeast-damascus-us-backed-rebels/">"Syrian Army seizes large parts of southeast Damascus from US-backed rebels"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 10 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army+seizes+large+parts+of+southeast+Damascus+from+US-backed+rebels&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-seizes-large-parts-southeast-damascus-us-backed-rebels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pro-government-forces-destroy-fsa-base-syrias-badia-capture-200-km2-territory/">"Pro-government forces destroy FSA base in Syria's Badia, liberate 200 km2 of territory"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 13 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Pro-government+forces+destroy+FSA+base+in+Syria%27s+Badia%2C+liberate+200+km2+of+territory&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpro-government-forces-destroy-fsa-base-syrias-badia-capture-200-km2-territory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-fsa-salient-syrian-desert-cut-off-annihilated-pro-syria-forces-map/">"Massive FSA salient in Syrian desert to be cut-off and annihilated by pro-Syria forces: Map"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 12 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Massive+FSA+salient+in+Syrian+desert+to+be+cut-off+and+annihilated+by+pro-Syria+forces%3A+Map&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmassive-fsa-salient-syrian-desert-cut-off-annihilated-pro-syria-forces-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=69941">"In their quest to besiege the factions and regain full control over the second province in Syria… the regime forces supported by their loyal gunmen advance in the Syrian Desert"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+their+quest+to+besiege+the+factions+and+regain+full+control+over+the+second+province+in+Syria%E2%80%A6+the+regime+forces+supported+by+their+loyal+gunmen+advance+in+the+Syrian+Desert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D69941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/10/southern-syria-ceasefire-holds-despite-sporadic-violations">Southern Syria ceasefire holds despite sporadic violations</a>, <i>al-Araby</i>, 10 July 2017</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/7/11/syria-regime-breaks-ceasefire-with-attacks-on-suweida-daraa">Syria regime breaks ceasefire with attacks on Free Syrian Army in Suweida and Daraa</a>, <i>al-Araby</i>, 11 July 2017</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-pro-government-reinforcements-arrive-eastern-homs-upcoming-offensive/">"Massive pro-government reinforcements arrive in eastern Homs for upcoming offensive"</a>. 25 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+pro-government+reinforcements+arrive+in+eastern+Homs+for+upcoming+offensive&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmassive-pro-government-reinforcements-arrive-eastern-homs-upcoming-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/09/10/world/middleeast/10reuters-mideast-crisis-syria-south.html?">"Syrian Rebels Say U.S. Allies Push for Retreat From Southeast Syria"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Syrian+Rebels+Say+U.S.+Allies+Push+for+Retreat+From+Southeast+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Freuters%2F2017%2F09%2F10%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F10reuters-mideast-crisis-syria-south.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebels-announce-new-offensive-syrian-army-central-syria/">"Rebels announce new offensive against Syrian Army in central Syria"</a>. 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rebels+announce+new+offensive+against+Syrian+Army+in+central+Syria&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Frebels-announce-new-offensive-syrian-army-central-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-allies-recommence-offensive-syria-jordan-border-region/">"Syrian Army, allies recommence offensive in Syria-Jordan border region"</a>. 4 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Army%2C+allies+recommence+offensive+in+Syria-Jordan+border+region&rft.date=2017-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-allies-recommence-offensive-syria-jordan-border-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/watch-syrian-army-seize-new-sites-near-jordanian-border/">"Watch the Syrian Army seize new sites near the Jordanian border"</a>. 6 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watch+the+Syrian+Army+seize+new+sites+near+the+Jordanian+border&rft.date=2017-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fwatch-syrian-army-seize-new-sites-near-jordanian-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-rebels-fall-back-across-jordanian-border-failed-offensive-sweida-video/">"US-backed rebels fall back across the Jordanian border after failed offensive in Sweida: video"</a>. <i>AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز</i>. 21 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=US-backed+rebels+fall+back+across+the+Jordanian+border+after+failed+offensive+in+Sweida%3A+video&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-rebels-fall-back-across-jordanian-border-failed-offensive-sweida-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyrian+Desert+campaign+%28May%E2%80%93July+2017%29" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Islamic_State" title="Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_State" title="Template talk:Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Islamic_State&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Names_of_the_Islamic_State"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">Names of the Islamic State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a><br /><small>(<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Islamic_State" title="List of leaders of the Islamic State">List of leaders</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Yusaf" title="Abu Yusaf">Abu Yusaf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi" title="Abu Habib al-Libi">Abu Habib al-Libi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri" title="Abu Jandal al-Masri">Abu Jandal al-Masri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Hindi">Yusuf al-Hindi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha" title="Zulfi Hoxha">Zulfi Hoxha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87" title="Bajro Ikanović">Bajro Ikanović</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani" title="Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani">Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati" title="Fatiha Mejjati">Fatiha Mejjati</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr" title="Ahlam al-Nasr">Ahlam al-Nasr</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi" title="Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi">Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_(Islamic_State_leader)" title="Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi" title="Ali Awni al-Harzi">Ali Awni al-Harzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi" title="Tariq al-Harzi">Tariq al-Harzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi" title="Abu Khattab al-Tunisi">Abu Khattab al-Tunisi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maher_Meshaal" title="Maher Meshaal">Maher Meshaal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Saleh" title="Abu Saleh">Abu Saleh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi" title="Ali Aswad al-Jiburi">Ali Aswad al-Jiburi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti" title="Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti">Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi" title="Abu Bilal al-Harbi">Abu Bilal al-Harbi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra" title="Ahmad Abousamra">Ahmad Abousamra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turki_al-Binali" title="Turki al-Binali">Turki al-Binali</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali" title="Abu Muhammad al-Shimali">Abu Muhammad al-Shimali</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a> (captured)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–2006)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State#Name" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013–2014)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (2014–present)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)">2013</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)">2014</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)">2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2016)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)">2016</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2017)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)">2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2018)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)">2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2019)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)">2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)">2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2022</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2023</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims" title="Territory of the Islamic State">International branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Libya" title="Islamic State in Libya">Libyan Provinces (Libya)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province (North Caucasus)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province (Sinai)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algeria Province (Algeria)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province (Yemen)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Calipha (Somalia)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram (West Africa)</a> (2015–2016)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_in_the_Greater_Sahara" title="Islamic State in the Greater Sahara">Greater Sahara (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province (West Africa)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Mozambique)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Opposition–Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war">Opposition–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" title="Second Libyan Civil War">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Mozambique</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with Taliban</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict (Philippines)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">Military intervention against ISIL</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">US-led intervention in Iraq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">US-led intervention in Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish operation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Al-Shabah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">Latakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun" title="Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun">Sidi Ali Ben Aoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">Qalamoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Al-Yaarubiyah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fallujah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">N Aleppo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">N Iraq (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Mosul</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">Baiji (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">N Iraq (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Ramadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Baiji (14-15)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar (Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Amirli</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">W Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Niger_raid" title="2015 Niger raid">Niger raid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">E al-Hasakah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">Sirte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama & Homs (Mar-Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Sarrin (Mar-Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Yarmouk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra (May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">W al-Hasakah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Sarrin (Jun-Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Al-Hasakah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra (Jul-Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Ramadi (15-16)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">Al-Qaryatayn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs (Nov-Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">E Aleppo (15-16)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Niveneh Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Fallujah (Feb-May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb-Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">Al-Qaryatayn (Mar-Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra (Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">N Aleppo (Mar-Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Hīt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo" title="Battle of Tipo-Tipo">Tipo-Tipo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Sirte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">N Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah (May-Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">N al-Bab (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">W al-Bab (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">W al-Bab (Oct-Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Al-Bab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul (16-17)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa (16-17)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan-Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">E Aleppo (Jan-Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">E Homs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Western Nineveh offensive">W Nineveh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert (Dec 16-Apr 17)</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syrian Desert (May-Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Marawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">S Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">C Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (17-19)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">E Syria (Sep-Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">NW Syria (Oct 17-Feb 18)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">W Iraq</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">S Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)#Battle_of_Hajin" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Hajin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Palma</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Al-Hasakah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Atme raid</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Beheading of Copts in Libya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Sanaa bombings (Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings" title="Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings">Qatif & Dammam bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks" title="26 June 2015 Islamist attacks">26 June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing" title="2015 Kuwait mosque bombing">Kuwait mosque bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing" title="Suruç bombing">Suruç bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sanaa bombing (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">Ankara bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings" title="2015 Beirut bombings">Beirut bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Paris (Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">Tunis bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack" title="2016 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="January 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks" title="2016 Jakarta attacks">Jakarta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack" title="Mahasin mosque attack">Mahasin mosque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack">Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings (Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings">Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="March 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Brussels bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">Aden bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing" title="May 2016 Gaziantep bombing">Gaziantep bombing (May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (11 May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">Real Madrid fan club massacres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Baghdad gas plant</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">Yemen police bombings (15 May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (17 May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">Yemen bombings (23 May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings" title="2016 Aktobe shootings">Aktobe shootings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">Magnanville stabbing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">Mukalla (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack" title="2016 Atatürk Airport attack">Atatürk Airport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack" title="July 2016 Dhaka attack">Dhaka (Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">Karrada bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">Ansbach bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">Normandy church</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings (Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">Charleroi stabbing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aden bombing (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">Syria bombings (5 Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">Baghdad bombings (Oct)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack" title="2016 Quetta police training college attack">Quetta police college</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing" title="2016 Khuzdar bombing">Khuzdar bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing" title="2016 Samarinda church bombing">Samarinda bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">Hillah bombing (Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Aden bombings (Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing" title="Botroseya Church bombing">Botroseya bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack" title="2016 Al-Karak attack">Al-Karak</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">Berlin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Dec)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting" title="Istanbul nightclub shooting">Istanbul nightclub shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombing (Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul (Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">Westminster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">St Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings" title="Palm Sunday church bombings">Egypt church bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing" title="2017 Mastung suicide bombing">Mastung bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings" title="2017 Jakarta bombings">Jakarta bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack" title="2017 Minya bus attack">Minya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">Al-Faqma bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">London Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege" title="2017 Brighton siege">Brighton siege</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">Tehran</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks" title="June 2017 Pakistan attacks">Pakistan attacks (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack" title="2017 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">Barcelona</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">Brussels (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (20 Oct)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (28 Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church" title="Attack on Saint Menas church">Saint Menas church</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings" title="2018 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Save The Children Jalalabad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcasonne & Trèbes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (22 Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul bombings (30 Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff" title="2018 Mako Brimob standoff">Mako Brimob standoff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">Paris knife</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surabaya_bombings" title="Surabaya bombings">Surabaya bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">Liège</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing (Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings" title="2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings">Mastung & Bannu bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="2018 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">September Kabul</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Ahvaz military parade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">Minya bus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Melbourne stabbing attack">Melbourne stabbing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings" title="2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings">Jolo Cathedral bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (17 Aug)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">6 March Kabul shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">May Afghanistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings" title="2020 Jolo bombings">Jolo bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">Vienna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">December Afghanistan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Machh_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Machh attack">Machh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2021 Baghdad bombings">January Baghdad bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings" title="2021 Uganda bombings">Kampala bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">Kabul hospital</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre" title="2022 Diyala massacre">Diyala massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack" title="2022 Peshawar mosque attack">Peshawar mosque</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting" title="2022 Hadera shooting">Hadera shooting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings">Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing" title="5 August 2022 Kabul bombing">5 August Kabul bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing">August Kabul mosque bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shah_Cheragh_attack" title="Shah Cheragh attack">Shah Cheragh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kabul hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing" title="2023 Kabul airport bombing">Kabul airport bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_activity_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military activity of the Islamic State">Military</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Armoured warfare of the Islamic State">armoured warfare</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Killing of captives by the Islamic State">Killing of captives</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheading incidents</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State" title="United Kingdom and the Islamic State">United Kingdom and the Islamic State</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_and_Iraqi_Civil_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian and Iraqi Civil Wars">Foreign fighters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media" title="Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media">Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Terrorist cell in Brussels</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Bayan_(radio_station)" title="Al-Bayan (radio station)">Al-Bayan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(magazine)" title="Dar al-Islam (magazine)">Dar al-Islam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Istok_(magazine)" title="Istok (magazine)">Istok</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(magazine)" title="Konstantiniyye (magazine)">Konstantiniyye</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rumiyah_(magazine)" title="Rumiyah (magazine)">Rumiyah</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim" title="Salil al-Sawarim">Salil al-Sawarim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat" title="Dawlat al-Islam Qamat">Dawlat al-Islam Qamat</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISIS-chan" title="ISIS-chan">ISIS-chan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery in 21st-century jihadism</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="wide;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Syrian_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Overviews" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overviews</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Main overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline of the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Belligerents in the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover of the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Effects and ongoing concerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties of the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Phases and processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires" title="Syrian civil war ceasefires">Syrian civil war ceasefires</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">World reaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Specific groups and countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian military intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Area in Syria">Kurdish Area in Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">U.S. task force</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Agreements and dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="AANES–Syria relations">Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War"><b>Background</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests" title="1999 Latakia protests">Latakia protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus_Spring" title="Damascus Spring">Damascus Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">Qamishli riots</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history" title="2010s in Syria political history">2010s in Syria political history</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2011</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Syrian Revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Siege of Daraa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Siege of Baniyas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">May Talkalakh siege</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">June Jisr ash-Shughur operation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Siege of Hama</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Siege of Homs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">Jabal al-Zawiya operation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Siege of Latakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">Battle of Zabadani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Battle of Douma</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Governorate clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2012</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing" title="January 2012 al-Midan bombing">January al-Midan bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">Battle of Rastan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">First Battle of Idlib</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Battle of Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">May Battle of Rastan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Battle of al-Haffah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Battle of Tremseh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">Battle of Damascus</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">18 July 2012 Damascus bombing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Battle of Anadan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Siege of Base 46</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">Darayya massacre</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz" title="Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz">Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)">First siege of Wadi Deif</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Harem" title="Battle of Harem">Battle of Harem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Halfaya_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfaya massacre">Halfaya massacre</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Governorate clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre" title="Talbiseh bakery massacre">Talbiseh bakery massacre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2013</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">Battle of Safira</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Battle of Shadadeh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">Damascus offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">Battle of Raqqa (Mar)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">Daraa offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas massacres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack" title="Khan al-Assal chemical attack">Khan al-Assal chemical attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Battle of Ras al-Ayn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Battle of Tell Abyad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Battle of al-Yaarubiyah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2014</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">Jan–Jul</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">First Inter-rebel conflict</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Battle of Markada</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Battle of Morek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">Daraa offensive (Feb–May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">Al-Otaiba ambush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">Idlib offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Battle of Hosn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">Latakia Offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Battle of Al-Malihah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack" title="2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack">Kafr Zita chemical attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">Second siege of Wadi Deif</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">First Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">Eastern Syria offensive</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Battle of Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">Hama Offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">Quneitra offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">Daraa offensive (Oct)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">Al-Safira offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">Idlib Raid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Second Inter-Rebel Conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">Second Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2015</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">Jan–Jul</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">Air Force An-26 crash</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">Daraa Offensive (Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria Offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Battle of Bosra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">Idlib Offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">Second Battle of Idlib</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Battle of Nasib Border Crossing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Battle of Yarmouk Camp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">2015–2016 Latakia offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2016</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">February Homs bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">Battle of Tel Abyad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">May Jableh & Tartous bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tokhar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhar massacre">Tokhar massacre</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">Southern Aleppo campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">Battle of al-Rai (Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">Aleppo summer campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">5 September bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">September Deir ez-Zor air raid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Battle of al-Bab</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2017</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">January Azaz bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">March Damascus bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">Al-Jinah airstrike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April Turkish airstrikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Desert campaign (May–Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah Plains offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jul)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Battle of Harasta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2018</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma chemical attack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="2018 missile strikes against Syria">Missile strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">Southern offensive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">Qamishli clashes (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Missile strikes (Sep)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2019</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)">ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">June attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass refugee camp bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into northeast</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">November bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah missile strike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2020</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020–present)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin bombing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr-Takharim airstrike</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2021</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">Missile strikes (Jan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2021_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="February 2021 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">Israeli missile strikes (Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Feb)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Jun)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Daraa clashes">Daraa clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Damascus_bus_bombing" title="2021 Damascus bus bombing">Damascus bus bombing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2022</b></span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Battle of al-Hasakah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2022_Deir_ez-Zor_attack" title="2022 Deir ez-Zor attack">Deir ez-Zor attack</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war"><b>Spillover</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israel and Golan Heights</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 incident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">Iraq</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat ambush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Operation al-Shabah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian border incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese border clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Battle of Sidon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">December 2011 Turkish border clash</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes">2012 Turkish border clashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">2013 Reyhanlı car bombings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria" title="January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria">January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Assassination of Andrei Karlov</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident" title="2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident">Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">2020 Balyun airstrikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;">Elsewhere:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a> (Iran)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Belligerents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Belligerents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:.3em;"><div id="*_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syria&#124;link=Syria_*_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Syrian_opposition&#124;link=Syrian_opposition_*_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria&#124;link=Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria_*23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Islamic_State">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/23px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/35px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Syrian_revolution_flag.svg/45px-Syrian_revolution_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria"><img alt="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/23px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/35px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/45px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="AQMI Flag.svg" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/23px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/35px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/45px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Military and militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">al-Quds Brigade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign" title="Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign">medical facility targeting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Interim government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria" title="Local Coordination Committees of Syria">Local Coordination Committees</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution">Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group" title="Syrian Support Group">Syrian Support Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution" title="Adopt a Revolution">Adopt a Revolution</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian Patriotic Group</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Army of Glory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front" title="Authenticity and Development Front">Authenticity and Development Front</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maghaweir_al-Thowra" title="Maghaweir al-Thowra">Revolutionary Commando Army</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">American-led intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi Arabia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration<br />of North and East Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">DFNS Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava" title="List of political parties in Rojava">Smaller political parties</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF militias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Protection Units</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">SDF military councils</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa" title="Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa">Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_activity_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military activity of the Islamic State">Military activity of ISIL</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dokumac%C4%B1lar" title="Dokumacılar">Dokumacılar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa" title="Jund al-Aqsa">Liwa al-Aqsa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liwa_Dawud" title="Liwa Dawud">Liwa Dawud</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malhama_Tactical" title="Malhama Tactical">Malhama Tactical</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam" title="Ansar al-Islam">Ansar al-Islam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid" title="Ammar Abdulhamid">Ammar Abdulhamid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah" title="Ali al-Abdallah">Ali al-Abdallah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad" title="Riad al-Asaad">Riad al-Asaad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni" title="Anwar al-Bunni">Anwar al-Bunni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan" title="Suheil al-Hassan">Suheil al-Hassan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh" title="Haitham al-Maleh">Haitham al-Maleh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani" title="Kamal al-Labwani">Kamal al-Labwani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza al-Khateeb</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi" title="Tal al-Mallohi">Tal al-Mallohi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed" title="Fida al-Sayed">Fida al-Sayed</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riad_al-Turk" title="Riad al-Turk">Riad al-Turk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khaled_Khoja" title="Khaled Khoja">Khaled Khoja</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi" title="Ammar al-Qurabi">Ammar al-Qurabi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suheir_Atassi" title="Suheir Atassi">Suheir Atassi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni" title="Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni">Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aref_Dalila" title="Aref Dalila">Aref Dalila</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farid_Ghadry" title="Farid Ghadry">Farid Ghadry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi" title="Razan Ghazzawi">Razan Ghazzawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto" title="Ghassan Hitto">Ghassan Hitto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randa_Kassis" title="Randa Kassis">Randa Kassis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michel_Kilo" title="Michel Kilo">Michel Kilo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud" title="Ali Habib Mahmud">Ali Habib Mahmud</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ibrahim_Qashoush" title="Ibrahim Qashoush">Ibrahim Qashoush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha" title="Dawoud Rajiha">Dawoud Rajiha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh" title="Yassin al-Haj Saleh">Yassin al-Haj Saleh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban" title="Bouthaina Shaaban">Bouthaina Shaaban</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda" title="Abdulbaset Sieda">Abdulbaset Sieda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Riad_Seif" title="Riad Seif">Riad Seif</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane" title="Fadwa Souleimane">Fadwa Souleimane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid" title="Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid">Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara" title="Yaser Tabbara">Yaser Tabbara</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rami_Jarrah" title="Rami Jarrah">Rami Jarrah</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji" title="Fadlallah al-Haji">Fadlallah al-Haji</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections" title="2011 Syrian local elections">2011 local elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Syrian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections" title="2015 Rojava local elections">2015 Northern local elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections" title="2017 Rojava local elections">2017 Northern local elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections" title="2017 Rojava regional elections">2017 Northern regional elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections" title="2018 Syrian local elections">2018 local elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021 presidential election</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war">Damaged heritage sites</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war">International demonstrations and protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group" title="Friends of Syria Group">Friends of Syria Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">Kofi Annan peace plan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria" title="United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria">UN supervision mission</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan">Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria" title="U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria">U.S.–Russia peace proposals</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/39th_G8_summit" title="39th G8 summit">39th G8 summit</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118">UN Security Council Resolution 2118</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria" title="Geneva II Conference on Syria">Geneva II conference</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement" title="2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement">2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria" title="Vienna peace talks for Syria">Vienna talks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)" title="Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)">2016 Geneva talks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee" title="Syrian Constitutional Committee">Syrian Constitutional Committee</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War crimes trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">Exclusive mandate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Syrian_National_Council" title="International recognition of the Syrian National Council">International recognition of the Syrian National Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria_Files" title="Syria Files">Syria Files</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2014_Syrian_detainee_report" title="2014 Syrian detainee report">Syrian detainee report</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Media coverage of the Syrian civil war">Syrian media coverage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Syrian civil war">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1675235794' |
