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{{Infobox writing system
|mode=|name=Arwi
|bodystyle=Which|type=[[Abjad]]
|qid=Q1828555
|direction=|region=[[India]], [[Sri Lanka]]
|romanised_from=al-'arwiyyah
|caption=Arwi written in Arabic Script|languages=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|published=|time=Present
|status=Religious Uses|fam1=[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]
|fam2=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
|fam3=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
|fam4=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
|fam5=[[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]]
|fam6=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
|fam7=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
|sisters=[[Arabi Malayalam]]|iso15924=Arab
|native_name=الأروية - அல் அர்விய்யா|imagestyle=|sample=Arwi Title.png
|imagesize=200px
}}
'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْأَرْوِيَّة}} {{transl|ar|al-arwiyyah}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].
== History ==
[[File:Kilakarai Arabic tombstone.jpg|thumb|left|Arwi script in a tombstone at [[Kilakarai]], [[Palaiya Jumma Palli|Old Jumma Masjid]]]]
Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and [[Marakkar|Tamil-speaking Muslims]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in [[Kayalpatnam|Kayalpattinam]]. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, [[Sufism]], law, medicine and [[sexology]], of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.<ref>
''216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal'' Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. [http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html |date=2012-10-02 }} accessed on 2009-08-14
</ref> The patrons of Arwi seem to have been the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]], they were Islamic and were part of the Mughal Empire. Many [[hadith manuscripts]] have been found. Most of the ''[[fiqh]]'' books, particularly those of [[Al-Shafi‘i|Imaam Shaafi]] and [[Abu Hanifa|Imaam Abu Hanifa]], have been found in Arwi.
There was also a translation of the [[Bible]] into Arwi in 1926.
Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Tamil Muslim ([[Arwi Muslims|Arwi Muslim]]) and [[Sri Lankan Moors|Sri Lankan Moor]] families.
{{Clear|left}}
== Script ==
[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|left|250px|Sample text written in the Arwi dialect of Tamil with its Arabic-based Jawi alphabet.]]
[[File:Image-Arwi.png|thumb|right|350px]]
The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet, with thirteen additional letters used to represent the Tamil vowels ''e'' and ''o'' and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.<ref name="tors"/>
{|dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl wikitable" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center"
|+lang="en" dir="ltr"| Arwi vowels arranged according to the [[Tamil script|Tamil order]] <small>(right to left)</small>
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|எ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஏ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஐ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஒ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஓ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஔ}}
| {{Lang|ta|அ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஆ}} || {{Lang|ta|இ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஈ}} || {{Lang|ta|உ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஊ}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|اَ}} || {{Script/Arabic|آ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اِ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اِی}} || {{Script/Arabic|اُ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اُو}}
| {{Script/Arabic|ࣣا}} || {{Script/Arabic|ای}} || {{Script/Arabic|اَی}} || {{Script/Arabic|اٗ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اٗو}} || {{Script/Arabic|اَو}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|a}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ā}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|i}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ī}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|u}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ū}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|e}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ē}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ai}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|o}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ō}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|au}}
|}
{|dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center"
|-
|style="padding:0"|
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|+lang="en" dir="ltr"| Arwi letters arranged according to the [[Arabic script in Unicode|Arabic alphabetical order]] <small>(right to left)</small>
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ஆ}} || || {{Lang|ta|த்த}} || || {{Lang|ta|ஜ}} || {{Lang|ta|ச்ச}} || || {{Lang|ta|ஃக}}
| {{Lang|ta|த}} || {{Lang|ta|ட}} || {{Lang|ta|ட்ட}} || || || {{Lang|ta|ள}} ||
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ا}} || {{Script/Arabic|ب}} || {{Script/Arabic|ت}} || {{Script/Arabic|ث}} || {{Script/Arabic|ج}} || {{Script/Arabic|چ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ح}} || {{Script/Arabic|خ}}
| {{Script/Arabic|د}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڊ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڍ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ذ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ض}} || {{Script/Arabic|صٜ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ص}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ā}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|b}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|t}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḍ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḷ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ṣ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|s̱}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|j}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|c}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|h̤}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|k͟h}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|d}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|D}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|T}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ẕ}}
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ஷ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஸ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஃஜ}} || {{Lang|ta|ர}} || {{Lang|ta|ற}} || {{Lang|ta|ழ}} || ||
| || {{Lang|ta|ங}} || || {{Lang|ta|ஃப}} || {{Lang|ta|ப}} || || {{Lang|ta|க்க}} || {{Lang|ta|க}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ش}} || {{Script/Arabic|س}} || {{Script/Arabic|ز}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڔ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ر}} || {{Script/Arabic|ۻ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ط}} || {{Script/Arabic|ظ}}
| {{Script/Arabic|ع}} || {{Script/Arabic|ࢳ}} || {{Script/Arabic|غ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ف}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڣ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ق}} || {{Script/Arabic|ك}} || {{Script/Arabic|ࢴ}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ś}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|s}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|z}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|r̠}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|r}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḻ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|t̤}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ẓ}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|‘}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ng}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ġ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|f}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|p}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|q}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|k}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|g}}
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ல}} || {{Lang|ta|ம}} || {{Lang|ta|ன, ந}} || {{Lang|ta|ண}} || {{Lang|ta|ஞ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஹ}} || {{Lang|ta|வ}} || {{Lang|ta|ய}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ل}} || {{Script/Arabic|م}} || {{Script/Arabic|ن}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڹ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ݧ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ه}} || {{Script/Arabic|و}} || {{Script/Arabic|ی}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|l}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|m}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|n}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ṇ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ñ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|h}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|w}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|y}}
|}
|}
{{Clear|left}}
== See also ==
* [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi Alphabets]]
* [[Swahili language]]
* [[Arabi Malayalam]]
* [[Arabic Script]]
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="tors">Torsten Tschacher (2001). ''Islam in Tamilnadu: Varia.'' (Südasienwissenschaftliche Arbeitsblätter 2.) Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. {{ISBN|3-86010-627-9}}. (Online versions available on the websites of the university libraries at Heidelberg and Halle: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf] and [http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf]).</ref>
}}
{{Refbegin}}
* Shu’ayb, Tayka. ''Arabic, Arwi and Persian in Sarandib and Tamil Nadu''. Madras: Imāmul 'Arūs Trust, 1993.
* Yunush Ahamed Mohamed Sherif ''ARABUTTAMIL/ARWI: THE IDENTITY OF THE TAMIL MUSLIMS'' TJPRC Publication.
* Dr. K. M. A. Ahamed Zubair. ''The Rise and Decline of Arabu–Tamil Language for Tamil Muslims'' IIUC STUDIES, 2014
* DR. S.M.M Mazahir. ''அறபுத் தமிழும் அறபுத்தமிழ் ஆக்கங்களும்'' 2018
{{Refend}}
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html Arwi: Comments, Questions and Answers]
* [http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf Islamic Cultural Values of Arwi] Southeastern university of Sri Lanka. Research and publication (2014).
* [http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/research-on-tamil-muslims/article19125378.ece For a cultural synthesis] Book review in The Hindu
* [https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-659-61489-7/arwi-or-arabu-tamil Arwi or Arabu-Tamil] Book on Arwi
* [https://tamilculture.com/what-is-arwi-arabic-tamil/ What is Arwi (Arabic Tamil)?]
* [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arwi.htm Arwi (அரபுத்தமிழ் / لسانالأروي)]
* [http://arusiqadiri.wordpress.com/ 'Arusi branch of the Qadiri path]
{{Tamil language}}
{{Arabic alphabets}}
[[Category:Tamil dialects]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Moors]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets for South Asian languages]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Arabic alphabet used in Tamil language}}
{{Infobox writing system
| mode =
| name = Arwi
| bodystyle = Which
| type = [[Abjad]]
| qid = Q1828555
| direction =
| region = [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]]
| romanised_from = al-'arwiyyah
| caption = Arwi written in Arabic Script
| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| published =
| time = Present
| status = Religious Uses
| fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]
| fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
| fam3 = [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
| fam4 = [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
| fam5 = [[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]]
| fam6 = [[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
| fam7 = [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
| sisters = [[Arabi Malayalam]]
| iso15924 = Arab
| native_name = الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ - அல்லிஸானுல் அற்விய்யு
| imagestyle =
| sample = Arwi Title.png
| imagesize = 200px
}}
'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ}} {{transl|ar|al-lisan al-arwiyy}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].
== History ==
[[File:Kilakarai Arabic tombstone.jpg|thumb|left|Arwi script in a tombstone at [[Kilakarai]], [[Palaiya Jumma Palli|Old Jumma Masjid]]]]
Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and [[Marakkar|Tamil-speaking Muslims]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in [[Kayalpatnam|Kayalpattinam]]. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, [[Sufism]], law, medicine and [[sexology]], of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.<ref>
''216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal'' Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. [http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html |date=2012-10-02 }} accessed on 2009-08-14
</ref> The patrons of Arwi seem to have been the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]], they were Islamic and were part of the Mughal Empire. Many [[hadith manuscripts]] have been found. Most of the ''[[fiqh]]'' books, particularly those of [[Al-Shafi‘i|Imaam Shaafi]] and [[Abu Hanifa|Imaam Abu Hanifa]], have been found in Arwi.
There was also a translation of the [[Bible]] into Arwi in 1926.
Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Tamil Muslim ([[Arwi Muslims|Arwi Muslim]]) and [[Sri Lankan Moors|Sri Lankan Moor]] families.
{{Clear|left}}
== Script ==
[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|left|250px|Sample text written in Arwi.]]
[[File:Image-Arwi.png|thumb|right|350px]]
The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet, with thirteen additional letters used to represent the Tamil vowels ''e'' and ''o'' and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.<ref name="tors"/>
{|dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl wikitable" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center"
|+lang="en" dir="ltr"| Arwi vowels arranged according to the [[Tamil script|Tamil order]] <small>(right to left)</small>
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|எ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஏ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஐ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஒ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஓ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஔ}}
| {{Lang|ta|அ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஆ}} || {{Lang|ta|இ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஈ}} || {{Lang|ta|உ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஊ}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|اَ}} || {{Script/Arabic|آ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اِ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اِی}} || {{Script/Arabic|اُ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اُو}}
| {{Script/Arabic|ࣣا}} || {{Script/Arabic|ای}} || {{Script/Arabic|اَی}} || {{Script/Arabic|اٗ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اٗو}} || {{Script/Arabic|اَو}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|a}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ā}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|i}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ī}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|u}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ū}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|e}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ē}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ai}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|o}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ō}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|au}}
|}
{|dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center"
|-
|style="padding:0"|
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|+lang="en" dir="ltr"| Arwi letters arranged according to the [[Arabic script in Unicode|Arabic alphabetical order]] <small>(right to left)</small>
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ஆ}} || || {{Lang|ta|த்த}} || || {{Lang|ta|ஜ}} || {{Lang|ta|ச்ச}} || || {{Lang|ta|ஃக}}
| {{Lang|ta|த}} || {{Lang|ta|ட}} || {{Lang|ta|ட்ட}} || || || {{Lang|ta|ள}} ||
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ا}} || {{Script/Arabic|ب}} || {{Script/Arabic|ت}} || {{Script/Arabic|ث}} || {{Script/Arabic|ج}} || {{Script/Arabic|چ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ح}} || {{Script/Arabic|خ}}
| {{Script/Arabic|د}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڊ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڍ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ذ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ض}} || {{Script/Arabic|صٜ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ص}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ā}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|b}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|t}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḍ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḷ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ṣ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|s̱}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|j}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|c}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|h̤}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|k͟h}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|d}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|D}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|T}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ẕ}}
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ஷ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஸ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஃஜ}} || {{Lang|ta|ர}} || {{Lang|ta|ற}} || {{Lang|ta|ழ}} || ||
| || {{Lang|ta|ங}} || || {{Lang|ta|ஃப}} || {{Lang|ta|ப}} || || {{Lang|ta|க்க}} || {{Lang|ta|க}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ش}} || {{Script/Arabic|س}} || {{Script/Arabic|ز}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڔ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ر}} || {{Script/Arabic|ۻ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ط}} || {{Script/Arabic|ظ}}
| {{Script/Arabic|ع}} || {{Script/Arabic|ࢳ}} || {{Script/Arabic|غ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ف}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڣ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ق}} || {{Script/Arabic|ك}} || {{Script/Arabic|ࢴ}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ś}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|s}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|z}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|r̠}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|r}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḻ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|t̤}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ẓ}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|‘}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ng}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ġ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|f}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|p}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|q}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|k}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|g}}
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ல}} || {{Lang|ta|ம}} || {{Lang|ta|ன, ந}} || {{Lang|ta|ண}} || {{Lang|ta|ஞ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஹ}} || {{Lang|ta|வ}} || {{Lang|ta|ய}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ل}} || {{Script/Arabic|م}} || {{Script/Arabic|ن}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڹ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ݧ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ه}} || {{Script/Arabic|و}} || {{Script/Arabic|ی}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|l}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|m}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|n}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ṇ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ñ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|h}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|w}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|y}}
|}
|}
{{Clear|left}}
== See also ==
* [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi Alphabets]]
* [[Swahili language]]
* [[Arabi Malayalam]]
* [[Arabic Script]]
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="tors">Torsten Tschacher (2001). ''Islam in Tamilnadu: Varia.'' (Südasienwissenschaftliche Arbeitsblätter 2.) Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. {{ISBN|3-86010-627-9}}. (Online versions available on the websites of the university libraries at Heidelberg and Halle: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf] and [http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf]).</ref>
}}
{{Refbegin}}
* Shu’ayb, Tayka. ''Arabic, Arwi and Persian in Sarandib and Tamil Nadu''. Madras: Imāmul 'Arūs Trust, 1993.
* Yunush Ahamed Mohamed Sherif ''ARABUTTAMIL/ARWI: THE IDENTITY OF THE TAMIL MUSLIMS'' TJPRC Publication.
* Dr. K. M. A. Ahamed Zubair. ''The Rise and Decline of Arabu–Tamil Language for Tamil Muslims'' IIUC STUDIES, 2014
* DR. S.M.M Mazahir. ''அறபுத் தமிழும் அறபுத்தமிழ் ஆக்கங்களும்'' 2018
{{Refend}}
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html Arwi: Comments, Questions and Answers]
* [http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf Islamic Cultural Values of Arwi] Southeastern university of Sri Lanka. Research and publication (2014).
* [http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/research-on-tamil-muslims/article19125378.ece For a cultural synthesis] Book review in The Hindu
* [https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-659-61489-7/arwi-or-arabu-tamil Arwi or Arabu-Tamil] Book on Arwi
* [https://tamilculture.com/what-is-arwi-arabic-tamil/ What is Arwi (Arabic Tamil)?]
* [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arwi.htm Arwi (அரபுத்தமிழ் / لسانالأروي)]
* [http://arusiqadiri.wordpress.com/ 'Arusi branch of the Qadiri path]
{{Tamil language}}
{{Arabic alphabets}}
[[Category:Tamil dialects]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Moors]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets for South Asian languages]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,23 +1,32 @@
{{Short description|Arabic alphabet used in Tamil language}}
{{Infobox writing system
-|mode=|name=Arwi
-|bodystyle=Which|type=[[Abjad]]
-|qid=Q1828555
-|direction=|region=[[India]], [[Sri Lanka]]
-|romanised_from=al-'arwiyyah
-|caption=Arwi written in Arabic Script|languages=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
-|published=|time=Present
-|status=Religious Uses|fam1=[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]
-|fam2=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
-|fam3=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
-|fam4=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
-|fam5=[[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]]
-|fam6=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
-|fam7=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
-|sisters=[[Arabi Malayalam]]|iso15924=Arab
-|native_name=الأروية - அல் அர்விய்யா|imagestyle=|sample=Arwi Title.png
-|imagesize=200px
+| mode =
+| name = Arwi
+| bodystyle = Which
+| type = [[Abjad]]
+| qid = Q1828555
+| direction =
+| region = [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]]
+| romanised_from = al-'arwiyyah
+| caption = Arwi written in Arabic Script
+| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
+| published =
+| time = Present
+| status = Religious Uses
+| fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]
+| fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
+| fam3 = [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
+| fam4 = [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
+| fam5 = [[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]]
+| fam6 = [[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
+| fam7 = [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
+| sisters = [[Arabi Malayalam]]
+| iso15924 = Arab
+| native_name = الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ - அல்லிஸானுல் அற்விய்யு
+| imagestyle =
+| sample = Arwi Title.png
+| imagesize = 200px
}}
-'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْأَرْوِيَّة}} {{transl|ar|al-arwiyyah}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].
+'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ}} {{transl|ar|al-lisan al-arwiyy}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].
== History ==
@@ -34,5 +43,5 @@
== Script ==
-[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|left|250px|Sample text written in the Arwi dialect of Tamil with its Arabic-based Jawi alphabet.]]
+[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|left|250px|Sample text written in Arwi.]]
[[File:Image-Arwi.png|thumb|right|350px]]
' |
New page size (new_size) | 10881 |
Old page size (old_size) | 10648 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 233 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '| mode = ',
1 => '| name = Arwi',
2 => '| bodystyle = Which',
3 => '| type = [[Abjad]]',
4 => '| qid = Q1828555',
5 => '| direction = ',
6 => '| region = [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]]',
7 => '| romanised_from = al-'arwiyyah',
8 => '| caption = Arwi written in Arabic Script',
9 => '| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]',
10 => '| published = ',
11 => '| time = Present',
12 => '| status = Religious Uses',
13 => '| fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]',
14 => '| fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]',
15 => '| fam3 = [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]',
16 => '| fam4 = [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]',
17 => '| fam5 = [[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]]',
18 => '| fam6 = [[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]',
19 => '| fam7 = [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]',
20 => '| sisters = [[Arabi Malayalam]]',
21 => '| iso15924 = Arab',
22 => '| native_name = الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ - அல்லிஸானுல் அற்விய்யு',
23 => '| imagestyle = ',
24 => '| sample = Arwi Title.png',
25 => '| imagesize = 200px',
26 => ''''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ}} {{transl|ar|al-lisan al-arwiyy}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].',
27 => '[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|left|250px|Sample text written in Arwi.]]'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '|mode=|name=Arwi',
1 => '|bodystyle=Which|type=[[Abjad]]',
2 => '|qid=Q1828555',
3 => '|direction=|region=[[India]], [[Sri Lanka]]',
4 => '|romanised_from=al-'arwiyyah',
5 => '|caption=Arwi written in Arabic Script|languages=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]',
6 => '|published=|time=Present',
7 => '|status=Religious Uses|fam1=[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]',
8 => '|fam2=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]',
9 => '|fam3=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]',
10 => '|fam4=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]',
11 => '|fam5=[[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]]',
12 => '|fam6=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]',
13 => '|fam7=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]',
14 => '|sisters=[[Arabi Malayalam]]|iso15924=Arab',
15 => '|native_name=الأروية - அல் அர்விய்யா|imagestyle=|sample=Arwi Title.png',
16 => '|imagesize=200px',
17 => ''''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْأَرْوِيَّة}} {{transl|ar|al-arwiyyah}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].',
18 => '[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|left|250px|Sample text written in the Arwi dialect of Tamil with its Arabic-based Jawi alphabet.]]'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
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6 => 'http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf',
7 => 'http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/research-on-tamil-muslims/article19125378.ece',
8 => 'https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-659-61489-7/arwi-or-arabu-tamil',
9 => 'https://tamilculture.com/what-is-arwi-arabic-tamil/',
10 => 'https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arwi.htm',
11 => 'http://arusiqadiri.wordpress.com/'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
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1 => 'http://arusiqadiri.wordpress.com/',
2 => 'http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf',
3 => 'http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf',
4 => 'http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf',
5 => 'http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html',
6 => 'https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-659-61489-7/arwi-or-arabu-tamil',
7 => 'https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arwi.htm',
8 => 'https://tamilculture.com/what-is-arwi-arabic-tamil/',
9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html',
10 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html',
11 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1828555?uselang=en#P1406'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Arabic alphabet used in Tamil language</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="Which"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:palegreen;">Arwi<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ - அல்லிஸானுல் அற்விய்யு</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Arwi_Title.png" class="image"><img alt="Arwi Title.png" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arwi_Title.png/200px-Arwi_Title.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arwi_Title.png/300px-Arwi_Title.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arwi_Title.png/400px-Arwi_Title.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2470" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Arwi written in Arabic Script</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjad</a>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Religious Uses</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Right-to-left_script" title="Right-to-left script">right-to-left script</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1828555?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic alphabet">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean alphabet">Nabataean</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Arwi</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabi_Malayalam" title="Arabi Malayalam">Arabi Malayalam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Arab</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"/><span class="monospaced">(160)</span>, ​Arabic</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Arabic</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">[ ]</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Arwi</b> or <b>ArabuTamil</b> (Arabic: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116685952">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"SF Arabic",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,"Scheherazade New","Amiri","Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Microsoft Uighur","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman","Arial",Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">الْلِسَانُ الْأَرْوِيُّ</span>‎ <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-lisan al-arwiyy</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">أَرْوِي</span>‎ <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">arwī</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-tors_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tors-1">[1]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">அரபுத்தமிழ்</span> <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">arabu-tamil</i></span><span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> influenced dialect of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> language written with an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_Extended-A" title="Arabic Extended-A">extension of the Arabic alphabet</a>, with extensive <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexical</a> and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_Muslim" title="Tamil Muslim">Muslim minority</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> state of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Script"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Script</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arwi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg/220px-Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg/330px-Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg/440px-Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1144" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Kilakarai_Arabic_tombstone.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Arwi script in a tombstone at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kilakarai" title="Kilakarai">Kilakarai</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Palaiya_Jumma_Palli" title="Palaiya Jumma Palli">Old Jumma Masjid</a></div></div></div>
<p>Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marakkar" title="Marakkar">Tamil-speaking Muslims</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kayalpatnam" title="Kayalpatnam">Kayalpattinam</a>. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>, law, medicine and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sexology</a>, of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> The patrons of Arwi seem to have been the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nawab_of_the_Carnatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of the Carnatic">Nawab of the Carnatic</a>, they were Islamic and were part of the Mughal Empire. Many <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hadith_manuscripts" title="Hadith manuscripts">hadith manuscripts</a> have been found. Most of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a></i> books, particularly those of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al-Shafi%E2%80%98i" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shafi‘i">Imaam Shaafi</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Imaam Abu Hanifa</a>, have been found in Arwi.
</p><p>There was also a translation of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> into Arwi in 1926.
</p><p>Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Tamil Muslim (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arwi_Muslims" title="Arwi Muslims">Arwi Muslim</a>) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Sri Lankan Moor</a> families.
</p>
<div style="clear:left;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Script">Script</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arwi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Script">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Arwi-lan1.png" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Arwi-lan1.png/250px-Arwi-lan1.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Arwi-lan1.png/375px-Arwi-lan1.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/2/29/Arwi-lan1.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="258" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Arwi-lan1.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sample text written in Arwi.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Image-Arwi.png" class="image"><img alt="Image-Arwi.png" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Image-Arwi.png/350px-Image-Arwi.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="360" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Image-Arwi.png/525px-Image-Arwi.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Image-Arwi.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="636" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Image-Arwi.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div></div></div></div>
<p>The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet, with thirteen additional letters used to represent the Tamil vowels <i>e</i> and <i>o</i> and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-tors_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tors-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<table dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl wikitable" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center">
<caption lang="en" dir="ltr">Arwi vowels arranged according to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil order</a> <small>(right to left)</small>
</caption>
<tbody><tr lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%">
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">எ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஏ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஐ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஒ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஓ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஔ</span></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">அ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஆ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">இ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஈ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">உ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஊ</span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%">
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">آ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اِ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اِی</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اُ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اُو</span>‎
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࣣا</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ای</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَی</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اٗ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اٗو</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَو</span>‎
</td></tr>
<tr dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%">
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">a</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ā</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">i</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ī</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">u</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ū</span></span>
</td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">e</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ē</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ai</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">o</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ō</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">au</span></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding:0">
<table class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0">
<caption lang="en" dir="ltr">Arwi letters arranged according to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_script_in_Unicode" title="Arabic script in Unicode">Arabic alphabetical order</a> <small>(right to left)</small>
</caption>
<tbody><tr lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%">
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஆ</span></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">த்த</span></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஜ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ச்ச</span></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃக</span></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">த</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ட</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ட்ட</span></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ள</span></span></td>
<td> 
</td></tr>
<tr lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%">
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ب</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ت</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ث</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ج</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">چ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ح</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">خ</span>‎
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">د</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڊ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڍ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ض</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">صٜ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ص</span>‎
</td></tr>
<tr dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%">
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ā</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">b</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">t</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ḍ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ḷ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ṣ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">s̱</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">j</span></span>
</td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">c</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">h̤</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">k͟h</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">d</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">D</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">T</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ẕ</span></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0">
<tbody><tr lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%">
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஷ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஸ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃஜ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ர</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ற</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ழ</span></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td> 
</td>
<td> </td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ங</span></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃப</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ப</span></span></td>
<td> </td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">க்க</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">க</span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%">
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ش</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">س</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ز</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڔ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ر</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ۻ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ط</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ظ</span>‎
</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ع</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࢳ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">غ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ف</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڣ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ق</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ك</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࢴ</span>‎
</td></tr>
<tr dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%">
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ś</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">s</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">z</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">r̠</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">r</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ḻ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">t̤</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ẓ</span></span>
</td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">‘</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ng</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ġ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">f</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">p</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">q</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">k</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">g</span></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0">
<tbody><tr lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%">
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ல</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ம</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ன, ந</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ண</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஞ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஹ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">வ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ய</span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%">
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ل</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">م</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڹ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ݧ</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ه</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و</span>‎</td>
<td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116685952"/><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ی</span>‎
</td></tr>
<tr dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%">
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">l</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">m</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">n</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ṇ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">ñ</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">h</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">w</span></span></td>
<td><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ta-Latn">y</span></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div style="clear:left;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arwi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi Alphabets</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili language</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabi_Malayalam" title="Arabi Malayalam">Arabi Malayalam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_Script" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Script">Arabic Script</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arwi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-tors-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tors_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tors_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Torsten Tschacher (2001). <i>Islam in Tamilnadu: Varia.</i> (Südasienwissenschaftliche Arbeitsblätter 2.) Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-86010-627-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-86010-627-9">3-86010-627-9</a>. (Online versions available on the websites of the university libraries at Heidelberg and Halle: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf">http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf">http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<i>216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal</i> Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html">Online version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html">Archived</a> 2012-10-02 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed on 2009-08-14</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054258005">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style="">
<ul><li>Shu’ayb, Tayka. <i>Arabic, Arwi and Persian in Sarandib and Tamil Nadu</i>. Madras: Imāmul 'Arūs Trust, 1993.</li>
<li>Yunush Ahamed Mohamed Sherif <i>ARABUTTAMIL/ARWI: THE IDENTITY OF THE TAMIL MUSLIMS</i> TJPRC Publication.</li>
<li>Dr. K. M. A. Ahamed Zubair. <i>The Rise and Decline of Arabu–Tamil Language for Tamil Muslims</i> IIUC STUDIES, 2014</li>
<li>DR. S.M.M Mazahir. <i>அறபுத் தமிழும் அறபுத்தமிழ் ஆக்கங்களும்</i> 2018</li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Arwi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html">Arwi: Comments, Questions and Answers</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf">Islamic Cultural Values of Arwi</a> Southeastern university of Sri Lanka. Research and publication (2014).</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/research-on-tamil-muslims/article19125378.ece">For a cultural synthesis</a> Book review in The Hindu</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-659-61489-7/arwi-or-arabu-tamil">Arwi or Arabu-Tamil</a> Book on Arwi</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tamilculture.com/what-is-arwi-arabic-tamil/">What is Arwi (Arabic Tamil)?</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arwi.htm">Arwi (அரபுத்தமிழ் / لسانالأروي)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arusiqadiri.wordpress.com/">'Arusi branch of the Qadiri path</a></li></ul>
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.navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Tamil_language" title="Template:Tamil language"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Tamil_language" title="Template talk:Tamil language"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Tamil_language&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tamil_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Tamil" title="Old Tamil">Old Tamil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middle_Tamil" title="Middle Tamil">Middle Tamil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Modern_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Tamil">Modern Tamil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manipravalam" title="Manipravalam">Manipravalam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proto-Dravidian_language" title="Proto-Dravidian language">Proto-Dravidian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Proto-South_Dravidian_language" title="Proto-South Dravidian language">Proto-South Dravidian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_Sangams" title="Tamil Sangams">Tamil Sangams</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_Sangam" title="First Sangam">First Sangam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Second_Sangam" title="Second Sangam">Second Sangam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Third_Sangam" title="Third Sangam">Third Sangam</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bangalore_Tamil_dialects" title="Bangalore Tamil dialects">Bangalore Tamil dialects</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Tamil_dialect" title="Central Tamil dialect">Central Tamil dialect</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kongu_Tamil" title="Kongu Tamil">Kongu Tamil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madras_Bashai" title="Madras Bashai">Madras Bashai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madurai_Tamil" title="Madurai Tamil">Madurai Tamil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nellai_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Nellai Tamil">Nellai Tamil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tirunelveli_Tamil" title="Tirunelveli Tamil">Tirunelveli Tamil</a></li>
<li>Palakkad Tamil</li>
<li>Thanjai Tamil</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kongu_Tamil" title="Kongu Tamil">Kongu Tamil</a></li>
<li>Kanyakumari Tamil</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_dialects" title="Sri Lankan Tamil dialects">Sri Lankan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Negombo_Tamil_dialect" title="Negombo Tamil dialect">Negombo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Batticaloa_Tamil_dialect" title="Batticaloa Tamil dialect">Batticaloa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jaffna_Tamil_dialect" title="Jaffna Tamil dialect">Jaffna</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Sociolects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brahmin_Tamil" title="Brahmin Tamil">Brahmin Tamil</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arwi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malaysian_Tamil" title="Malaysian Tamil">Malaysian Tamil</a></li>
<li>Singapore Tamil</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Tamil_Conference" title="World Tamil Conference">World Tamil Conference</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/World_Classical_Tamil_Conference_2010" title="World Classical Tamil Conference 2010">World Classical Tamil Conference 2010</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Classics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_books_of_Law" title="Tamil books of Law">Tamil books of Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Five_Great_Epics_of_Tamil_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature">The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature</a></li>
<li>The Five Lesser Epics of Tamil Literature</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ponniyin_Selvan" title="Ponniyin Selvan">Ponniyin Selvan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Sangam_poets" title="List of Sangam poets">List of Sangam poets</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commentaries_in_Tamil_literary_tradition" title="Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition">Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Devotional<br />Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Umaru_Pulavar#Literary_works" title="Umaru Pulavar">Cīrappurānam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ramavataram" title="Ramavataram">Kampa Irāmāyaṉam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabhandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Naalayira Divya Prabhandham">Nālāyira Tivviya Pirapantam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thembavani" title="Thembavani">Tēmpāvaṉi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thiruppugazh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugazh">Thiruppugazh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Tamil_literature_works_about_Ganesha" title="List of Tamil literature works about Ganesha">Tamil Ganaptya Texts</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kural_(poetic_form)" title="Kural (poetic form)">Kural</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Venpa" title="Venpa">Venpa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraichchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraichchi">Iraichchi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Akam_(poetry)" title="Akam (poetry)">Akam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Puram_(poetry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puram (poetry)">Puram</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thinai" title="Thinai">Thinai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ullurai" title="Ullurai">Ullurai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ula_(poetry)" title="Ula (poetry)">Ulā</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Grammars and<br />Dictionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agattiyam" title="Agattiyam">Agattiyam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nann%C5%ABl" title="Nannūl">Nannūl</a></li>
<li>Nikantu books</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Purapporul_Venbamaalai" title="Purapporul Venbamaalai">Purapporul Venbamaalai</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tolk%C4%81ppiyam" title="Tolkāppiyam">Tolkāppiyam</a></li>
<li>Tivakāram</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_literature#Vijayanagar_and_Nayak_period" title="Tamil literature">Caturakarāti</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_Lexicon_dictionary" title="Tamil Lexicon dictionary">Tamil Lexicon dictionary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Madurai_Tamil_Paeragaraadhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madurai Tamil Paeragaraadhi (page does not exist)">Madurai Tamil Paeragaraadhi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yalpana_Vaipava_Malai" title="Yalpana Vaipava Malai">Yāzhpāna Vaipava Mālai</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Mathematics and<br />Natural Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yerambam" title="Yerambam">Yerambam</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tamil and<br /> other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Tamil_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Tamil origin">English</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Sinhala_words_of_Tamil_origin" title="List of Sinhala words of Tamil origin">Sinhala</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indo-Aryan_loanwords_in_Tamil" title="Indo-Aryan loanwords in Tamil">Indo-Aryan languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_loanwords_in_Malay" title="List of loanwords in Malay">Malay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dravido-Korean_languages" title="Dravido-Korean languages">Korean</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Megalithic_graffiti_symbols" title="Megalithic graffiti symbols">Megalithic graffiti symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kolezhuthu" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vatteluttu_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatteluttu alphabet">Vatteluttu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pallava_grantha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava grantha">Pallava grantha</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Modern script</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil Braille</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arwi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lexis and<br /> grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_grammar" title="Tamil grammar">Tamil grammar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_honorifics" title="Tamil honorifics">Tamil honorifics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_numerals" title="Tamil numerals">Tamil numerals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_phonology" title="Tamil phonology">Tamil phonology</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_onomatopoeia" title="Tamil onomatopoeia">Tamil onomatopoeia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_prosody" title="Tamil prosody">Tamil prosody</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transliteration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mozhi_(transliteration)" title="Mozhi (transliteration)">Mozhi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Standardisation_of_Tamil_script" title="Standardisation of Tamil script">Standardisation of Tamil script</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tanittamil_Iyakkam" title="Tanittamil Iyakkam">Tanittamil Iyakkam</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simplified_Tamil_script" title="Simplified Tamil script">Simplified Tamil script</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Printing_in_Tamil_language" title="Printing in Tamil language">Printing in Tamil language</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tamil_Heritage_Foundation" title="Tamil Heritage Foundation">Ancient manuscript digitalisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Classical_Tamil" title="Central Institute of Classical Tamil">Formation of CICT</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Project_Madurai" title="Project Madurai">Project Madurai</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arabic_alphabets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Arabic_script" title="Template:Arabic script"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic_script" title="Template talk:Arabic script"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Arabic_script&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arabic_alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Europe</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Albanian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">Aljamiado</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Belarusian_Arabic_alphabet" title="Belarusian Arabic alphabet">Belarusian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean Tatar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Serbo-Croatian</a></li>
<li>Tatar (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="İske imlâ alphabet">İske imlâ</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="Yaña imlâ alphabet">Yaña imlâ</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Asia</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabi_Malayalam" title="Arabi Malayalam">Arabi Malayalam</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arwi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buri_Wolio" title="Buri Wolio">Buri Wolio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khowar_alphabet" title="Khowar alphabet">Khowar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish alphabet">Kurdish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet" title="Saraiki alphabet">Saraiki</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sindhi_language#Writing_system" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shahmukhi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahmukhi alphabet">Shahmukhī</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Tajik</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Africa</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arabic_Afrikaans" title="Arabic Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Berber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sorabe_alphabet" title="Sorabe alphabet">Sorabe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swahili_language#Orthography" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wadaad%27s_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadaad's writing">Wadaad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wolofal_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolofal script">Wolof</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Arabic_script" title="Category:Arabic script">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1677040504' |
