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Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Garnett Silk' |
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Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'The correct spelling of his stage name is "Garnet Silk".
The correct spelling of his government/birth name is "Garnet Damon Smith". ' |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| image = Garnett Silk.gif
| name = Garnett Silk
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Garnet Damion Smith
| alias =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = 2 April 1966
| death_place = [[Mandeville, Jamaica]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1994|12|9|1966|4|2}}
| origin = [[Manchester, Jamaica|Manchester]], Jamaica
| instrument =
| genre = [[Reggae]], [[dancehall]]
| occupation =
| years_active = late 1970s–1994
| label = [[VP Records|VP]], [[Greensleeves Records|Greensleeves]], [[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
| associated_acts = Jahpostles
| website =
}}
'''Garnett Silk''' (born '''Garnet Damion Smith'''; 2 April 1966 – 9 December 1994) was a Jamaican [[reggae]] musician and [[Rastafari movement|Rastafarian]], known for his diverse, emotive, powerful and smooth voice. During the early 1990s he was hailed as a rising talent, however his career was ended by his early death in 1994, while attempting to save his mother from her burning house.
==Biography==
===Little Bimbo===
Smith was born in [[Manchester, Jamaica]]. His musical career began at the age of twelve, when he performed under the name Little Bimbo.<ref name="Thompson">Thompson, Dave (2002) "Reggae & Caribbean Music", Backbeat Books, {{ISBN|0-87930-655-6}}</ref> During the 1980s he worked as a [[Deejay (Jamaican)|deejay]] on [[Sound system (Jamaican)|sound systems]] such as ''Conquering Lion'', ''Soul Remembrance'', ''Pepper's Disco'', ''Stereophonic'', and ''Destiny Outernational'' (where he first met [[Tony Rebel]]).<ref name="Thompson" /> He recorded his first track in 1985, but it would be two years later before his first single, "Problem Everywhere" was released.<ref name="Thompson" /> An album of material from this period (''Journey'') was later released. In 1988, he joined [[Sugar Minott]]'s ''Youth Promotion'' label, releasing "No Disrespect", and working regularly with Tony Rebel, Smith now being billed simply as 'Bimbo'. The pair began performing as a duo around the sound systems to much acclaim. The ''Garnett Silk Meets the Conquering Lion: A Dub Plate Selection'' album dates from about this time and features a clutch of exclusive recordings the DJ cut for the sound system from the mid-1980s through the end of the decade. Rebel, a [[Rastafari movement|Rastarfari]], eventually converted Smith to his religion with the help of [[dub poetry|dub poet]] [[Yasus Afari]], a close friend of both the DJs.<ref name="Thompson" />
===Singing career===
In 1989, at the suggestion of veteran singer [[Derrick Morgan]], Smith turned from deejaying to singing, with a recording session at [[Bunny Lee]]'s studio with Rebel, including tracks recorded separately, as a duo, and with Anthony Selassie, and he began working under his real name.<ref name="Thompson" /> The [[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]] label's ''[[Tony Rebel Meets Garnett Silk in a Dancehall Conference]]'' compiles these early Morgan-overseen recordings. The success of this session led him to continue as a singer, going on to work with producers [[King Tubby]], [[Prince Jammy]], and [[Donovan Germain]], before signing a two-year contract with [[Steely & Clevie]] in 1990, recording an album's worth of songs for them. It was the production duo who decided to change his name to Garnet Silk, in reference to his smooth voice.<ref name="Thompson" /><ref>Bonitto, Brian (2014) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Garnet-Silk-earns-his-name-_18031145 Garnet Silk earns his name]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 29 November 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014</ref> Only one of the tracks recorded during this period, "We Can Be Together," a duet with [[Chevelle Franklin]], was actually released at the time, and discouraged by this, he returned to Manchester and threw himself into songwriting, often in partnership with an old friend, Anthony "Fire" Rochester.<ref name="Thompson" />
Another encounter with Tony Rebel brought an introduction to Courtney Cole, owner of the Roof International label. Silk would record a plethora of songs at the producer's [[Ocho Rios]] studio, amongst them were the hits "Mama," "Seven Spanish Angels," and a cover of the [[Johnny Nash]] classic "I Can See Clearly Now". Roof International would posthumously bundle up these early singles and other material recorded at this time for the ''Nothing Can Divide Us'' album, which the [[VP Records|VP]] label picked up for the US.
By 1992, Silk was in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] in the studio with producer [[Bobby Digital (Jamaican producer)|Bobby Digital]], recording his debut album ''It's Growing''. Split between deeply cultural themes, spiritual songs, and romantic numbers, the album went on to become one of the best selling in Jamaica that year, and he had his first major [[hit single]] with "Hello Mama Africa" (produced by Richard "Bello" Bell) for the Star Trail label, which was Silk's first international hit, and topped the reggae chart in Britain.<ref name="Thompson" />
Over the next two years, the singer would record with most of the major name producers on the island, both on his own and in partnership with Tony Rebel. He cut a swathe of songs with King Jammy, including "Fill Us Up With Your Mercy" and "Lord Watch Over Our Shoulders." The latter track titled a 1994 compilation released by the Greensleeves label in the UK and boasts seven Jammy cuts and a clutch of hits for other producers.
1993's ''Gold'', released by the UK Charm label, bundled up more hits from this period. Amongst them was "Zion in a Vision," a Jamaican number one cut with producer [[Black Scorpio|Jack Scorpio]], as well as "Hey Mama Africa". he also recorded for [[Sly & Robbie]], including the deeply religious "Thank You, Jah" and the haunting "Green Line." But the pace was becoming too much and Silk collapsed during a show at the Ritz in New York City, suffering from low blood pressure and exhaustion.<ref name="Thompson" /> The exhausted singer was forced to cancel all his scheduled appearances for the next six months, most crucially of all, what would have been his debut at [[Reggae Sumfest]]. However, Silk bounced back in 1994 and set back to work. In a show of good grace, he rejoined Steely & Clevie and cut the "Love Is the Answer" single, another massive hit. "Fight Back," produced by Richie Stephens, was next up. By then, the singer was ready to re-take the stage, which he did with a vengeance, headlining that year's Reggae Sumfest and [[Reggae Sunsplash]] festivals.<ref name="Thompson" /> His set at the latter event was captured for the ''Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1994'' album, released in 1999 by the Tabou1 label. Silk's backing band was Jahpostles, who originally formed in the late 1970s.<ref name="Campbell2012">Campbell, Howard (2012) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/Entertainment/Jahpostles-trod-on_12486182 Jahpostles trod on]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 10 September 2012, retrieved 10 September 2012</ref>
===Death===
Having signed an international distribution deal with [[Atlantic Records]], Silk now entered [[Tuff Gong]] studios with producer [[Errol Brown]] and the cream of Jamaica's session men (including [[Aston Barrett]], Sly & Robbie, [[Tyrone Downie]], [[Earl "Chinna" Smith]], and [[Uziah "Sticky" Thompson]]), to begin work on his second album. He'd recorded ten songs and the album was nearing completion when he went home to visit his mother. Silk had borrowed a pair of guns from his attorney after his home had been burglarized, but had no idea how to use them. Sitting with a couple of friends at his mother's house in [[Mandeville, Jamaica]], on 9 December, one offered to show him how they worked, at which point the gun accidentally misfired, hitting a [[propane]] tank and setting the house ablaze.<ref name="Thompson" /> The singer, his friends, and his two brothers made it out safely, only to discover that Silk's mother was still trapped inside. Silk rushed back into the house to save her, but it was too late and both were lost in the fire.<ref name="Thompson" />
===Posthumous===
Silk's music has been kept alive by several tributes, including [[Macka B]]'s "Tribute to Garnett Silk" and the Earth Day concert, and numerous compilation albums, including two collections of his dubplates, ''Kilimanjaro Remembers Garnett Silk'' (Jam Down, 1999) and ''Rule Dem'' (Trojan/Sanctuary 2006).
In 2000, Atlantic finally released ''The Definitive Collection'', a two-CD set showcasing the ten tracks the singer had recorded during sessions for his unfinished second album.
[[Jet Star (record distribution company)|Jet Star]] also released a greatest hits [[compilation album]], ''[[Gold (Garnett Silk album)|Gold]]'' in 2000. The album contains some of Silk's most well known songs including: "Hello Africa", "Mama", "Oh Me, Oh My" and "Jah, Jah is the Ruler".<ref name="allmusic1">{{cite web|author=Jo-Ann Greene |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/gold-jet-star-mw0000108325 |title=Gold [Jet Star] - Garnett Silk : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |publisher=AllMusic |date=2000-08-22 |accessdate=2012-10-03}}</ref>
Silk's son Garnet Smith Jr. has followed him into a career in music.<ref name="CambLiv">Campbell-Livingston, Cecelia (2012) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/Entertainment/As-smooth-as-Silk- As smooth as Silk?]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 2 November 2012, retrieved 10 November 2012</ref>
Silk's nephew Anthony Cruz recorded a tribute album in 2013, featuring cover versions of fifteen of Silk's songs.<ref>Morgan, Simone (2013) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Tribute-to-Garnet-Silk_14733116 Tribute to Garnet Silk]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 24 July 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013</ref>
==Releases==
===Albums===
*''It's Growing'' (1992) VP
*''Gold'' (1993) Charm
*''Buju Banton Meets Garnett Silk and Tony Rebel'' (1993) Rhino (with [[Buju Banton]] and Tony Rebel)
*''Love Is The Answer'' (1994) VP
*''Lord Watch Over Our Shoulders'' (1994) [[Greensleeves Records|Greensleeves]]
*''Tony Rebel Meets Garnett Silk in a Dance Hall Conference'' (1994) [[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]]
*''Nothing Can Divide Us'' (1995) VP
*''Journey'' (1996) VP
*''Reggae Max'' (1996) [[Jet Star (record distribution company)|Jet Star]]
*"Garnet Silk and the Superstars in Zion" (1996) Rhino Records
*''Give I Strength'' (1999) VP
*''Killamanjaro Remembers'' (1999) Jamdown
*''Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1994'' (1999) Tabou
*''Collector's Series'' (1999) Heartbeat
*''Garnett Silk Meets the Conquering Lion: a Dub Plate Selection'' (2000) Conquering Lion
*''The Definitive Collection'' (2000) [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
*''The Definitive Collection'' (2001) Atlantic (2-CD edition)
*''100% Silk'' (1993) VP
*''Legends of Reggae Vol.5'' (2001) Artists Only
*''This Sound Leads The Way'' (2001) Rhino (Garnett Silk & The DJs)
*''Silky Mood'' (1995) VP
*''The Very Best of Garnett Silk – Gold'' (2002) Jet Star
*''Reggae Anthology: Music Is The Rod'' (1994) VP
*''Rule Dem'' (2006) [[Trojan Records|Trojan]]
===DVD appearances===
*''Garnett Silk and Friends'' (2002) MVD
*''Golden Voices of Reggae'' (2005) Island MVD
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*[http://www.reggae-vibes.com/concert/garnetsilk/garnetsilk.htm Reggae vibes]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060412081352/http://music.yahoo.com/ar-264701-bio--Garnett-Silk Yahoo music]
*{{YouTube|OKs73G4Av6w}}
* {{Find a Grave|6361527}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Silk, Garnett}}
[[Category:Jamaican reggae musicians]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Jamaican Rastafarians]]
[[Category:People from Manchester Parish]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in Jamaica]]
[[Category:Deaths from fire]]
[[Category:VP Records artists]]
[[Category:Greensleeves Records artists]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| image = Garnet Silk.gif
| name = Garnet Silk
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Garnet Damon Smith
| alias =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = 2 April 1966
| death_place = [[Mandeville, Jamaica]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1994|12|9|1966|4|2}}
| origin = [[Manchester, Jamaica|Manchester]], Jamaica
| instrument =
| genre = [[Reggae]], [[dancehall]]
| occupation =
| years_active = late 1970s–1994
| label = [[VP Records|VP]], [[Greensleeves Records|Greensleeves]], [[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
| associated_acts = Jahpostles
| website =
}}
'''Garnett Silk''' (born '''Garnet Damion Smith'''; 2 April 1966 – 9 December 1994) was a Jamaican [[reggae]] musician and [[Rastafari movement|Rastafarian]], known for his diverse, emotive, powerful and smooth voice. During the early 1990s he was hailed as a rising talent, however his career was ended by his early death in 1994, while attempting to save his mother from her burning house.
==Biography==
===Little Bimbo===
Smith was born in [[Manchester, Jamaica]]. His musical career began at the age of twelve, when he performed under the name Little Bimbo.<ref name="Thompson">Thompson, Dave (2002) "Reggae & Caribbean Music", Backbeat Books, {{ISBN|0-87930-655-6}}</ref> During the 1980s he worked as a [[Deejay (Jamaican)|deejay]] on [[Sound system (Jamaican)|sound systems]] such as ''Conquering Lion'', ''Soul Remembrance'', ''Pepper's Disco'', ''Stereophonic'', and ''Destiny Outernational'' (where he first met [[Tony Rebel]]).<ref name="Thompson" /> He recorded his first track in 1985, but it would be two years later before his first single, "Problem Everywhere" was released.<ref name="Thompson" /> An album of material from this period (''Journey'') was later released. In 1988, he joined [[Sugar Minott]]'s ''Youth Promotion'' label, releasing "No Disrespect", and working regularly with Tony Rebel, Smith now being billed simply as 'Bimbo'. The pair began performing as a duo around the sound systems to much acclaim. The ''Garnett Silk Meets the Conquering Lion: A Dub Plate Selection'' album dates from about this time and features a clutch of exclusive recordings the DJ cut for the sound system from the mid-1980s through the end of the decade. Rebel, a [[Rastafari movement|Rastarfari]], eventually converted Smith to his religion with the help of [[dub poetry|dub poet]] [[Yasus Afari]], a close friend of both the DJs.<ref name="Thompson" />
===Singing career===
In 1989, at the suggestion of veteran singer [[Derrick Morgan]], Smith turned from deejaying to singing, with a recording session at [[Bunny Lee]]'s studio with Rebel, including tracks recorded separately, as a duo, and with Anthony Selassie, and he began working under his real name.<ref name="Thompson" /> The [[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]] label's ''[[Tony Rebel Meets Garnett Silk in a Dancehall Conference]]'' compiles these early Morgan-overseen recordings. The success of this session led him to continue as a singer, going on to work with producers [[King Tubby]], [[Prince Jammy]], and [[Donovan Germain]], before signing a two-year contract with [[Steely & Clevie]] in 1990, recording an album's worth of songs for them. It was the production duo who decided to change his name to Garnet Silk, in reference to his smooth voice.<ref name="Thompson" /><ref>Bonitto, Brian (2014) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Garnet-Silk-earns-his-name-_18031145 Garnet Silk earns his name]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 29 November 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014</ref> Only one of the tracks recorded during this period, "We Can Be Together," a duet with [[Chevelle Franklin]], was actually released at the time, and discouraged by this, he returned to Manchester and threw himself into songwriting, often in partnership with an old friend, Anthony "Fire" Rochester.<ref name="Thompson" />
Another encounter with Tony Rebel brought an introduction to Courtney Cole, owner of the Roof International label. Silk would record a plethora of songs at the producer's [[Ocho Rios]] studio, amongst them were the hits "Mama," "Seven Spanish Angels," and a cover of the [[Johnny Nash]] classic "I Can See Clearly Now". Roof International would posthumously bundle up these early singles and other material recorded at this time for the ''Nothing Can Divide Us'' album, which the [[VP Records|VP]] label picked up for the US.
By 1992, Silk was in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] in the studio with producer [[Bobby Digital (Jamaican producer)|Bobby Digital]], recording his debut album ''It's Growing''. Split between deeply cultural themes, spiritual songs, and romantic numbers, the album went on to become one of the best selling in Jamaica that year, and he had his first major [[hit single]] with "Hello Mama Africa" (produced by Richard "Bello" Bell) for the Star Trail label, which was Silk's first international hit, and topped the reggae chart in Britain.<ref name="Thompson" />
Over the next two years, the singer would record with most of the major name producers on the island, both on his own and in partnership with Tony Rebel. He cut a swathe of songs with King Jammy, including "Fill Us Up With Your Mercy" and "Lord Watch Over Our Shoulders." The latter track titled a 1994 compilation released by the Greensleeves label in the UK and boasts seven Jammy cuts and a clutch of hits for other producers.
1993's ''Gold'', released by the UK Charm label, bundled up more hits from this period. Amongst them was "Zion in a Vision," a Jamaican number one cut with producer [[Black Scorpio|Jack Scorpio]], as well as "Hey Mama Africa". he also recorded for [[Sly & Robbie]], including the deeply religious "Thank You, Jah" and the haunting "Green Line." But the pace was becoming too much and Silk collapsed during a show at the Ritz in New York City, suffering from low blood pressure and exhaustion.<ref name="Thompson" /> The exhausted singer was forced to cancel all his scheduled appearances for the next six months, most crucially of all, what would have been his debut at [[Reggae Sumfest]]. However, Silk bounced back in 1994 and set back to work. In a show of good grace, he rejoined Steely & Clevie and cut the "Love Is the Answer" single, another massive hit. "Fight Back," produced by Richie Stephens, was next up. By then, the singer was ready to re-take the stage, which he did with a vengeance, headlining that year's Reggae Sumfest and [[Reggae Sunsplash]] festivals.<ref name="Thompson" /> His set at the latter event was captured for the ''Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1994'' album, released in 1999 by the Tabou1 label. Silk's backing band was Jahpostles, who originally formed in the late 1970s.<ref name="Campbell2012">Campbell, Howard (2012) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/Entertainment/Jahpostles-trod-on_12486182 Jahpostles trod on]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 10 September 2012, retrieved 10 September 2012</ref>
===Death===
Having signed an international distribution deal with [[Atlantic Records]], Silk now entered [[Tuff Gong]] studios with producer [[Errol Brown]] and the cream of Jamaica's session men (including [[Aston Barrett]], Sly & Robbie, [[Tyrone Downie]], [[Earl "Chinna" Smith]], and [[Uziah "Sticky" Thompson]]), to begin work on his second album. He'd recorded ten songs and the album was nearing completion when he went home to visit his mother. Silk had borrowed a pair of guns from his attorney after his home had been burglarized, but had no idea how to use them. Sitting with a couple of friends at his mother's house in [[Mandeville, Jamaica]], on 9 December, one offered to show him how they worked, at which point the gun accidentally misfired, hitting a [[propane]] tank and setting the house ablaze.<ref name="Thompson" /> The singer, his friends, and his two brothers made it out safely, only to discover that Silk's mother was still trapped inside. Silk rushed back into the house to save her, but it was too late and both were lost in the fire.<ref name="Thompson" />
===Posthumous===
Silk's music has been kept alive by several tributes, including [[Macka B]]'s "Tribute to Garnett Silk" and the Earth Day concert, and numerous compilation albums, including two collections of his dubplates, ''Kilimanjaro Remembers Garnett Silk'' (Jam Down, 1999) and ''Rule Dem'' (Trojan/Sanctuary 2006).
In 2000, Atlantic finally released ''The Definitive Collection'', a two-CD set showcasing the ten tracks the singer had recorded during sessions for his unfinished second album.
[[Jet Star (record distribution company)|Jet Star]] also released a greatest hits [[compilation album]], ''[[Gold (Garnett Silk album)|Gold]]'' in 2000. The album contains some of Silk's most well known songs including: "Hello Africa", "Mama", "Oh Me, Oh My" and "Jah, Jah is the Ruler".<ref name="allmusic1">{{cite web|author=Jo-Ann Greene |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/gold-jet-star-mw0000108325 |title=Gold [Jet Star] - Garnett Silk : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |publisher=AllMusic |date=2000-08-22 |accessdate=2012-10-03}}</ref>
Silk's son Garnet Smith Jr. has followed him into a career in music.<ref name="CambLiv">Campbell-Livingston, Cecelia (2012) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/Entertainment/As-smooth-as-Silk- As smooth as Silk?]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 2 November 2012, retrieved 10 November 2012</ref>
Silk's nephew Anthony Cruz recorded a tribute album in 2013, featuring cover versions of fifteen of Silk's songs.<ref>Morgan, Simone (2013) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Tribute-to-Garnet-Silk_14733116 Tribute to Garnet Silk]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 24 July 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013</ref>
==Releases==
===Albums===
*''It's Growing'' (1992) VP
*''Gold'' (1993) Charm
*''Buju Banton Meets Garnett Silk and Tony Rebel'' (1993) Rhino (with [[Buju Banton]] and Tony Rebel)
*''Love Is The Answer'' (1994) VP
*''Lord Watch Over Our Shoulders'' (1994) [[Greensleeves Records|Greensleeves]]
*''Tony Rebel Meets Garnett Silk in a Dance Hall Conference'' (1994) [[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]]
*''Nothing Can Divide Us'' (1995) VP
*''Journey'' (1996) VP
*''Reggae Max'' (1996) [[Jet Star (record distribution company)|Jet Star]]
*"Garnet Silk and the Superstars in Zion" (1996) Rhino Records
*''Give I Strength'' (1999) VP
*''Killamanjaro Remembers'' (1999) Jamdown
*''Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1994'' (1999) Tabou
*''Collector's Series'' (1999) Heartbeat
*''Garnett Silk Meets the Conquering Lion: a Dub Plate Selection'' (2000) Conquering Lion
*''The Definitive Collection'' (2000) [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
*''The Definitive Collection'' (2001) Atlantic (2-CD edition)
*''100% Silk'' (1993) VP
*''Legends of Reggae Vol.5'' (2001) Artists Only
*''This Sound Leads The Way'' (2001) Rhino (Garnett Silk & The DJs)
*''Silky Mood'' (1995) VP
*''The Very Best of Garnett Silk – Gold'' (2002) Jet Star
*''Reggae Anthology: Music Is The Rod'' (1994) VP
*''Rule Dem'' (2006) [[Trojan Records|Trojan]]
===DVD appearances===
*''Garnett Silk and Friends'' (2002) MVD
*''Golden Voices of Reggae'' (2005) Island MVD
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*[http://www.reggae-vibes.com/concert/garnetsilk/garnetsilk.htm Reggae vibes]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060412081352/http://music.yahoo.com/ar-264701-bio--Garnett-Silk Yahoo music]
*{{YouTube|OKs73G4Av6w}}
* {{Find a Grave|6361527}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Silk, Garnett}}
[[Category:Jamaican reggae musicians]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Jamaican Rastafarians]]
[[Category:People from Manchester Parish]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in Jamaica]]
[[Category:Deaths from fire]]
[[Category:VP Records artists]]
[[Category:Greensleeves Records artists]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
-| image = Garnett Silk.gif
-| name = Garnett Silk
+| image = Garnet Silk.gif
+| name = Garnet Silk
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
-| birth_name = Garnet Damion Smith
+| birth_name = Garnet Damon Smith
| alias =
| birth_place =
' |
New page size (new_size) | 12100 |
Old page size (old_size) | 12103 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -3 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '| image = Garnet Silk.gif',
1 => '| name = Garnet Silk',
2 => '| birth_name = Garnet Damon Smith'
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| image = Garnett Silk.gif',
1 => '| name = Garnett Silk',
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
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8 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKs73G4Av6w',
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Garnet Silk</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Garnet_Silk.gif" class="new" title="File:Garnet Silk.gif">File:Garnet Silk.gif</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Garnet Damon Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">2 April 1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, Jamaica">Manchester</a>, Jamaica</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 December 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-12-09)</span> (aged 28)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mandeville,_Jamaica" title="Mandeville, Jamaica">Mandeville, Jamaica</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">late 1970s–1994</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VP_Records" title="VP Records">VP</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greensleeves_Records" title="Greensleeves Records">Greensleeves</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heartbeat_Records" title="Heartbeat Records">Heartbeat</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div>
<p><b>Garnett Silk</b> (born <b>Garnet Damion Smith</b>; 2 April 1966 – 9 December 1994) was a Jamaican <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> musician and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rastafari_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafari movement">Rastafarian</a>, known for his diverse, emotive, powerful and smooth voice. During the early 1990s he was hailed as a rising talent, however his career was ended by his early death in 1994, while attempting to save his mother from her burning house.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Little_Bimbo"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Little Bimbo</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Singing_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Singing career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Death"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Posthumous"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Posthumous</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Releases"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Releases</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Albums"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Albums</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#DVD_appearances"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">DVD appearances</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography">Biography</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Little_Bimbo">Little Bimbo</span></h3>
<p>Smith was born in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester,_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, Jamaica">Manchester, Jamaica</a>. His musical career began at the age of twelve, when he performed under the name Little Bimbo.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup> During the 1980s he worked as a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deejay_(Jamaican)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deejay (Jamaican)">deejay</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">sound systems</a> such as <i>Conquering Lion</i>, <i>Soul Remembrance</i>, <i>Pepper's Disco</i>, <i>Stereophonic</i>, and <i>Destiny Outernational</i> (where he first met <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Rebel" title="Tony Rebel">Tony Rebel</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup> He recorded his first track in 1985, but it would be two years later before his first single, "Problem Everywhere" was released.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup> An album of material from this period (<i>Journey</i>) was later released. In 1988, he joined <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sugar_Minott" title="Sugar Minott">Sugar Minott</a>'s <i>Youth Promotion</i> label, releasing "No Disrespect", and working regularly with Tony Rebel, Smith now being billed simply as 'Bimbo'. The pair began performing as a duo around the sound systems to much acclaim. The <i>Garnett Silk Meets the Conquering Lion: A Dub Plate Selection</i> album dates from about this time and features a clutch of exclusive recordings the DJ cut for the sound system from the mid-1980s through the end of the decade. Rebel, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rastafari_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafari movement">Rastarfari</a>, eventually converted Smith to his religion with the help of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dub_poetry" title="Dub poetry">dub poet</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yasus_Afari" title="Yasus Afari">Yasus Afari</a>, a close friend of both the DJs.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Singing_career">Singing career</span></h3>
<p>In 1989, at the suggestion of veteran singer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derrick_Morgan" title="Derrick Morgan">Derrick Morgan</a>, Smith turned from deejaying to singing, with a recording session at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bunny_Lee" title="Bunny Lee">Bunny Lee</a>'s studio with Rebel, including tracks recorded separately, as a duo, and with Anthony Selassie, and he began working under his real name.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heartbeat_Records" title="Heartbeat Records">Heartbeat</a> label's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Rebel_Meets_Garnett_Silk_in_a_Dancehall_Conference" title="Tony Rebel Meets Garnett Silk in a Dancehall Conference">Tony Rebel Meets Garnett Silk in a Dancehall Conference</a></i> compiles these early Morgan-overseen recordings. The success of this session led him to continue as a singer, going on to work with producers <a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_Tubby" title="King Tubby">King Tubby</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prince_Jammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Jammy">Prince Jammy</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donovan_Germain" title="Donovan Germain">Donovan Germain</a>, before signing a two-year contract with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steely_%26_Clevie" title="Steely & Clevie">Steely & Clevie</a> in 1990, recording an album's worth of songs for them. It was the production duo who decided to change his name to Garnet Silk, in reference to his smooth voice.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> Only one of the tracks recorded during this period, "We Can Be Together," a duet with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chevelle_Franklin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevelle Franklin">Chevelle Franklin</a>, was actually released at the time, and discouraged by this, he returned to Manchester and threw himself into songwriting, often in partnership with an old friend, Anthony "Fire" Rochester.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>Another encounter with Tony Rebel brought an introduction to Courtney Cole, owner of the Roof International label. Silk would record a plethora of songs at the producer's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ocho_Rios" title="Ocho Rios">Ocho Rios</a> studio, amongst them were the hits "Mama," "Seven Spanish Angels," and a cover of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Johnny_Nash" title="Johnny Nash">Johnny Nash</a> classic "I Can See Clearly Now". Roof International would posthumously bundle up these early singles and other material recorded at this time for the <i>Nothing Can Divide Us</i> album, which the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/VP_Records" title="VP Records">VP</a> label picked up for the US.
</p><p>By 1992, Silk was in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a> in the studio with producer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Digital_(Jamaican_producer)" title="Bobby Digital (Jamaican producer)">Bobby Digital</a>, recording his debut album <i>It's Growing</i>. Split between deeply cultural themes, spiritual songs, and romantic numbers, the album went on to become one of the best selling in Jamaica that year, and he had his first major <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hit_single" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit single">hit single</a> with "Hello Mama Africa" (produced by Richard "Bello" Bell) for the Star Trail label, which was Silk's first international hit, and topped the reggae chart in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>Over the next two years, the singer would record with most of the major name producers on the island, both on his own and in partnership with Tony Rebel. He cut a swathe of songs with King Jammy, including "Fill Us Up With Your Mercy" and "Lord Watch Over Our Shoulders." The latter track titled a 1994 compilation released by the Greensleeves label in the UK and boasts seven Jammy cuts and a clutch of hits for other producers.
</p><p>1993's <i>Gold</i>, released by the UK Charm label, bundled up more hits from this period. Amongst them was "Zion in a Vision," a Jamaican number one cut with producer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Scorpio" title="Black Scorpio">Jack Scorpio</a>, as well as "Hey Mama Africa". he also recorded for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sly_%26_Robbie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sly & Robbie">Sly & Robbie</a>, including the deeply religious "Thank You, Jah" and the haunting "Green Line." But the pace was becoming too much and Silk collapsed during a show at the Ritz in New York City, suffering from low blood pressure and exhaustion.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup> The exhausted singer was forced to cancel all his scheduled appearances for the next six months, most crucially of all, what would have been his debut at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reggae_Sumfest" title="Reggae Sumfest">Reggae Sumfest</a>. However, Silk bounced back in 1994 and set back to work. In a show of good grace, he rejoined Steely & Clevie and cut the "Love Is the Answer" single, another massive hit. "Fight Back," produced by Richie Stephens, was next up. By then, the singer was ready to re-take the stage, which he did with a vengeance, headlining that year's Reggae Sumfest and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reggae_Sunsplash" title="Reggae Sunsplash">Reggae Sunsplash</a> festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup> His set at the latter event was captured for the <i>Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1994</i> album, released in 1999 by the Tabou1 label. Silk's backing band was Jahpostles, who originally formed in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell2012-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span></h3>
<p>Having signed an international distribution deal with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a>, Silk now entered <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tuff_Gong" title="Tuff Gong">Tuff Gong</a> studios with producer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Errol_Brown" title="Errol Brown">Errol Brown</a> and the cream of Jamaica's session men (including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aston_Barrett" class="mw-redirect" title="Aston Barrett">Aston Barrett</a>, Sly & Robbie, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyrone_Downie" title="Tyrone Downie">Tyrone Downie</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_%22Chinna%22_Smith" title="Earl "Chinna" Smith">Earl "Chinna" Smith</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uziah_%22Sticky%22_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Uziah "Sticky" Thompson">Uziah "Sticky" Thompson</a>), to begin work on his second album. He'd recorded ten songs and the album was nearing completion when he went home to visit his mother. Silk had borrowed a pair of guns from his attorney after his home had been burglarized, but had no idea how to use them. Sitting with a couple of friends at his mother's house in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mandeville,_Jamaica" title="Mandeville, Jamaica">Mandeville, Jamaica</a>, on 9 December, one offered to show him how they worked, at which point the gun accidentally misfired, hitting a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a> tank and setting the house ablaze.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup> The singer, his friends, and his two brothers made it out safely, only to discover that Silk's mother was still trapped inside. Silk rushed back into the house to save her, but it was too late and both were lost in the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Posthumous">Posthumous</span></h3>
<p>Silk's music has been kept alive by several tributes, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Macka_B" title="Macka B">Macka B</a>'s "Tribute to Garnett Silk" and the Earth Day concert, and numerous compilation albums, including two collections of his dubplates, <i>Kilimanjaro Remembers Garnett Silk</i> (Jam Down, 1999) and <i>Rule Dem</i> (Trojan/Sanctuary 2006).
</p><p>In 2000, Atlantic finally released <i>The Definitive Collection</i>, a two-CD set showcasing the ten tracks the singer had recorded during sessions for his unfinished second album.
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jet_Star_(record_distribution_company)" title="Jet Star (record distribution company)">Jet Star</a> also released a greatest hits <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compilation album</a>, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gold_(Garnett_Silk_album)" title="Gold (Garnett Silk album)">Gold</a></i> in 2000. The album contains some of Silk's most well known songs including: "Hello Africa", "Mama", "Oh Me, Oh My" and "Jah, Jah is the Ruler".<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic1-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>Silk's son Garnet Smith Jr. has followed him into a career in music.<sup id="cite_ref-CambLiv_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambLiv-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>Silk's nephew Anthony Cruz recorded a tribute album in 2013, featuring cover versions of fifteen of Silk's songs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Releases">Releases</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Albums">Albums</span></h3>
<ul><li><i>It's Growing</i> (1992) VP</li>
<li><i>Gold</i> (1993) Charm</li>
<li><i>Buju Banton Meets Garnett Silk and Tony Rebel</i> (1993) Rhino (with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buju_Banton" title="Buju Banton">Buju Banton</a> and Tony Rebel)</li>
<li><i>Love Is The Answer</i> (1994) VP</li>
<li><i>Lord Watch Over Our Shoulders</i> (1994) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greensleeves_Records" title="Greensleeves Records">Greensleeves</a></li>
<li><i>Tony Rebel Meets Garnett Silk in a Dance Hall Conference</i> (1994) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heartbeat_Records" title="Heartbeat Records">Heartbeat</a></li>
<li><i>Nothing Can Divide Us</i> (1995) VP</li>
<li><i>Journey</i> (1996) VP</li>
<li><i>Reggae Max</i> (1996) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jet_Star_(record_distribution_company)" title="Jet Star (record distribution company)">Jet Star</a></li>
<li>"Garnet Silk and the Superstars in Zion" (1996) Rhino Records</li>
<li><i>Give I Strength</i> (1999) VP</li>
<li><i>Killamanjaro Remembers</i> (1999) Jamdown</li>
<li><i>Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1994</i> (1999) Tabou</li>
<li><i>Collector's Series</i> (1999) Heartbeat</li>
<li><i>Garnett Silk Meets the Conquering Lion: a Dub Plate Selection</i> (2000) Conquering Lion</li>
<li><i>The Definitive Collection</i> (2000) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a></li>
<li><i>The Definitive Collection</i> (2001) Atlantic (2-CD edition)</li>
<li><i>100% Silk</i> (1993) VP</li>
<li><i>Legends of Reggae Vol.5</i> (2001) Artists Only</li>
<li><i>This Sound Leads The Way</i> (2001) Rhino (Garnett Silk & The DJs)</li>
<li><i>Silky Mood</i> (1995) VP</li>
<li><i>The Very Best of Garnett Silk – Gold</i> (2002) Jet Star</li>
<li><i>Reggae Anthology: Music Is The Rod</i> (1994) VP</li>
<li><i>Rule Dem</i> (2006) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trojan_Records" title="Trojan Records">Trojan</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="DVD_appearances">DVD appearances</span></h3>
<ul><li><i>Garnett Silk and Friends</i> (2002) MVD</li>
<li><i>Golden Voices of Reggae</i> (2005) Island MVD</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Thompson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Dave (2002) "Reggae & Caribbean Music", Backbeat Books, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-655-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-655-6">0-87930-655-6</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bonitto, Brian (2014) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Garnet-Silk-earns-his-name-_18031145">Garnet Silk earns his name</a>", <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Observer" title="Jamaica Observer">Jamaica Observer</a></i>, 29 November 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Campbell2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, Howard (2012) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/Entertainment/Jahpostles-trod-on_12486182">Jahpostles trod on</a>", <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Observer" title="Jamaica Observer">Jamaica Observer</a></i>, 10 September 2012, retrieved 10 September 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-allmusic1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-allmusic1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFJo-Ann_Greene2000" class="citation web cs1">Jo-Ann Greene (22 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/gold-jet-star-mw0000108325">"Gold [Jet Star] - Garnett Silk : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards"</a>. AllMusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gold+%5BJet+Star%26%2393%3B+-+Garnett+Silk+%3A+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits%2C+Awards&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.date=2000-08-22&rft.au=Jo-Ann+Greene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fgold-jet-star-mw0000108325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarnett+Silk" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CambLiv-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CambLiv_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell-Livingston, Cecelia (2012) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/Entertainment/As-smooth-as-Silk-">As smooth as Silk?</a>", <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Observer" title="Jamaica Observer">Jamaica Observer</a></i>, 2 November 2012, retrieved 10 November 2012</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan, Simone (2013) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Tribute-to-Garnet-Silk_14733116">Tribute to Garnet Silk</a>", <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaica_Observer" title="Jamaica Observer">Jamaica Observer</a></i>, 24 July 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1132942124">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright">
<li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reggae-vibes.com/concert/garnetsilk/garnetsilk.htm">Reggae vibes</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060412081352/http://music.yahoo.com/ar-264701-bio--Garnett-Silk">Yahoo music</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKs73G4Av6w">Video</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6361527">Garnett Silk</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385039#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385039#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385039#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/412124/">FAST</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000369307169">ISNI</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29147741">VIAF</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no98052566/">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139748807">France</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139748807">BnF data</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134889878">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no98052566">United States</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/34cc8d95-6aff-4ef7-b1f5-faad7f630504">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/162051409">IdRef</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1680481375' |
