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Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing' |
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{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing
| location = {{DPRK}}[[Kaesong Industrial Area]] [[ Inter-Korean Liaison Office]]
| date = 2020-06-16
| partof = [[Korean People's Army]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|37|55|58.7|N|126|37|18.7|E|display=inline,title}}
| time =
| timezone =
| target =
| type = [[Demolition|Demolition attack]]
| weapons =
| fatalities =
| injuries =
| perps = [[金与正]]
| motive = North Korea claims South Korea violated Article 2(1) of the [[Panmunjom Declaration]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=朝鲜劳动党中央委员会第一副部长金与正发表谈话|url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=cfodoc&stype=0&ctype=0&lang=chn&mtype=view&no=28883|accessdate=2020-06-19|author=|date=2020-06-18|format=|publisher=《由我们民族自己》|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627194329/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=cfodoc&stype=0&ctype=0&lang=chn&mtype=view&no=28883|archive-date=2020-06-27|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| verdict = Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombed<br/>[[Inter-Korean relations|Korean relations]] deteriorate, [[Korean Peninsula]] tense
}}
'''Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing''' (Korean: 남북공동연락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident, Korean: 북남공동련락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident) refers to the bombing of the Inter-Korean Liaison Office located in [[Kaesong Industrial Region|Kaesong]], [http://North%20Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea] on June 16, 2020. The two Koreas decided to close the office on January 30 in response to the development of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|2019 coronavirus outbreak]], and the Korean staff left on the same day. However, during the closure of the Joint Liaison Office, the North Koreans were dissatisfied with a group of [[North Korean defectors|defectors]] [[Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea|spreading leaflets]] along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|demilitarized zone]] and sent the [[Korean People's Army]] to blow up the building on June 16, accusing South Korea's violation of the [[Panmunjom Declaration]], a move that is said to have worsened [[North Korea–South Korea relations]] and strained the situation on the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]].
== Background ==
After the signing of the Panmunjom Declaration at the [[Inter-Korean summits|inter-Korean Summit in April 2018]], the two sides agreed to establish a "permanent liaison office".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-13 |title=남북공동연락사무소: 드디어 문 열리는 남북공동연락사무소 |url=https://www.bbc.com/korean/international-45503094 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521115217/https://www.bbc.com/korean/international-45503094 |archive-date=2019-05-21 |access-date=2018-09-13 |website=BBC}}</ref> However, due to the visit of [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]] to North Korea, the office initially scheduled to open in August 2018 was postponed to open on September 14 officially.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-16 |title=「兩韓聯辦」揭幕、24小時聯絡無阻 |url=https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=48200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114311/https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=48200 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-01 |website=上報}}</ref> Following the breakdown of the [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit]], the firm faced a long-term suspension, but this did not affect the twice-daily communication between the liaison officers of the two sides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-05 |title=韩朝联办主任会议仍停摆 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20190905003200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131155213/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20190905003200881 |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=[[韓國聯合通訊社]]}}</ref>
In 2020, South Korea and North Korea decided to close their offices on January 30 in response to the development of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓朝開城聯絡辦因肺炎疫情暫時關閉 |url=http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2020/0130/806270.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206060213/http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2020/0130/806270.shtml |archive-date=2020-02-06 |access-date=2020-07-29}}</ref> and South Korean staff left on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-30 |title=韩统一部：开城韩朝联办韩方人员今将返韩 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200130006600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131155211/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200130006600881 |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> During the closure of the office, the South Korean side still had twice daily conversations with the North Korean authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-28 |title=韩官员预测韩朝有望讨论重启联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200428002700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509001041/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200428002700881 |archive-date=2020-05-09 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> The South Korean Unification Ministry stated that the relevant personnel of the office was transferred to [[Seoul]] to continue operations after the closure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-06 |title=统一部：疫情过后将与朝方讨论重启联办事宜 |url=https://www.yazhouribao.com/view/20200506104652221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111030903/https://www.yazhouribao.com/view/20200506104652221 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=亚洲日报}}</ref>
=== North Korea's dissatisfaction with South Korea's actions ===
On June 4, 2020, [[Kim Yo-jong]], an alternate member of the [[Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Political Bureau of the Central Committee]] of the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] and the First Vice Minister of the [[Organization and Guidance Department]], said that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was dissatisfied with a group of [[North Korean defectors|defectors]] sending 500,000 leaflets, 50 manuals, 2,000 [[United States one-dollar bill|$1 bills]], and 1,000 [[Memory card|memory cards]] along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|Korean demilitarized zone]] on May 31 toward the DPRK, and demanded to immediately improve the situation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正怒了！嗆韓將面臨3最壞局面 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604002538-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619235627/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604002538-260408 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=中國時報}}</ref> Subsequently, a spokesman for the [[United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea]] unilaterally announced the closure of the inter-Korean Liaison Office the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜宣布将坚决关闭韩朝联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200606000100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114323/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200606000100881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> [[Kim Yong-chol]], vice chairman of the [[Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea]], pointed out at a central government meeting that the dissemination of the leaflets was a hostile act in violation of the inter-Korean peace agreement, and therefore cut off all communication channels with the Korean authorities on June 9.<ref>{{Cite web |title=今午起全面切斷與南韓通訊管道 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4622872 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609175247/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4622872 |archive-date=2020-06-09 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=聯合報}}</ref>
On June 12, the Director General of the United States Affairs of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)]], Quan Zhenggen, condemned the remarks made by the South Korean side regarding efforts for the DPRK US dialogue and denuclearization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮外務省：韓國無資格談無核化 統戰部：不信任韓國 |url=http://www.rfi.fr/cn/亞洲/20200613-朝鮮外務省-韓國無資格談無核化-統戰部-不信任韓國 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619170407/http://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/20200613-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81-%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E8%B3%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%87%E7%84%A1%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96-%E7%B5%B1%E6%88%B0%E9%83%A8-%E4%B8%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=法國國際廣播電台}}</ref> The United Front Minister of the Korean Labor Party, Kim Young-chol, also issued a statement stating that he felt distrust of the inaction of the South Korean government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝統戰部部長：説話不算數！朝鮮無法信任韓國 |url=http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/13/ARTIcViOstTLlJkB5z0qWcTw200613.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114313/http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/13/ARTIcViOstTLlJkB5z0qWcTw200613.shtml |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=CCTV}}</ref> Subsequently, in a speech on June 13th, Kim Yo-jong once again criticized South Korea for ignoring bilateral relations and conniving with defectors, saying that it was "the time to say goodbye" to the South Korean government, authorizing the [[Korean People's Army]] to decide on a continuation of the enemy's actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正威脅與韓訣別 交軍方行動 |url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/國際/article/20200615/s00014/1592159880087/金與正威脅與韓訣別-交軍方行動 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617053701/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200615/s00014/1592159880087/%e9%87%91%e8%88%87%e6%ad%a3%e5%a8%81%e8%84%85%e8%88%87%e9%9f%93%e8%a8%a3%e5%88%a5-%e4%ba%a4%e8%bb%8d%e6%96%b9%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95 |archive-date=2020-06-17 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=明報}}</ref> Kim Yo-jong also pointed out in his speech on the same day that "in the near future, the useless joint liaison office between the North and the South will disappear".<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党副部长金与正：已到与韩诀别之际 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200613000400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613175554/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200613000400881 |archive-date=2020-06-13 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>
=== South Korea's response to North Korea's measures ===
After the South Korean government was informed of the North's dissatisfaction, the [[Ministry of Unification]] spokesman Roh Sang-ki said at a regular press conference on June 4 that the act of spreading anti-DPRK leaflets threatened the safety of people and property in the border area and that the government was studying an effective plan in this regard and called on people not to spread anti-DPRK leaflets at the border.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部 籲民眾勿在邊境散佈反北韓傳單 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4612976 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604122845/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4612976 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=聯合報}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)]] spokesman Choi Hyun-soo said at a regular press conference that the South Korean government has not changed its position on the implementation of the Pyongyang Joint Declaration, which was signed by the two Koreas on September 19, 2018, in response to the North's unilateral threat to dismantle the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩国防部：坚持履行韩朝军事协议立场不变 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200604004600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604074755/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200604004600881 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>
At a regular press conference in the morning of June 8, the Korean Ministry of Unification said that according to the routine business arrangement of the inter-Korean Liaison Office, the two Koreas talk once a day in the morning and once in the afternoon, but in the morning of that day, the North did not answer the phone, which was the first time that the North did not answer the phone after the establishment of the office in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：韓朝聯辦朝方人員未接韓方電話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20200608014500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114314/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20200608014500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> On the following day, a regular press conference of the Ministry of Unification of Korea stated that the DPRK answered the phone on the afternoon of the 8th, but did not mention why they did not took the call in the morning and said that the two sides should maintain communication channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部：南北韓應維持聯繫渠道 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4298891/2020-06-08/news-南韓統一部：南北韓應維持聯繫渠道/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114314/https://www.singtao.ca/4298891/2020-06-08/news-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%EF%BC%9A%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E6%87%89%E7%B6%AD%E6%8C%81%E8%81%AF%E7%B9%AB%E6%B8%A0%E9%81%93/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=星島日報}}</ref> The North Korean government subsequently cut all communication channels with the South Korean authorities on June 9, and the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] held a press conference that afternoon, saying that it would closely monitor changes in inter-Korean relations with the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩外交部：与美方密切沟通朝鲜断联 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200609004000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114316/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200609004000881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> In response to the unilateral cut-off, Blue House only said that the inter-Korean communication channels "should continue to be maintained and used according to a mutual agreement",<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓翻臉 韓媒：首爾對朝政策被逼入死角 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200613000017-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114317/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200613000017-260408?chdtv |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=中國時報}}</ref> prompting the opposition [[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power Party]] to criticize the Moon Jae-in administration for adopting a low-profile toward North Korea and allowing North Korea to take advantage of it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓斷訊 文在寅的試煉 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4627805 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114343/https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4627805 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=聯合社}}</ref>
On June 10, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea reported two groups of defectors who had violated the regulations on the distribution of leaflets to the DPRK under the Korean Exchange and Cooperation Act and decided to cancel their registration licenses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部舉報兩家脫北者團體 |url=https://www.exmoo.com/article/150776.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://www.exmoo.com/article/150776.html |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=澳門力報}}</ref> On June 14, the Korean government expressed concern over Kim's remarks,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺稱將嚴打對朝散佈傳單行為 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200611005400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114351/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200611005400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> and the Ministry of National Defense held an emergency meeting at the [[Blue House]] on the same morning to check the military's readiness and discuss how to deal with North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓政府對朝鮮暗示將採取軍事行動表擔憂 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200614001400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114400/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200614001400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>
== Events ==
[[Yonhap News Agency]] quoted sources as saying that the South Korean government observed vehicles suspected of carrying explosives at the inter-Korean Joint Liaison Office after Kim and Jung spoke on June 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=消息：金与正一发话朝鲜随即动手爆破联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025201/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004700881 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The South Korean military observed flames on the first and second floors of the office the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓官媒釋高畫質爆破片 「和平象徵」灰飛煙滅 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4641830 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720092915/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4641830 |archive-date=2020-07-20 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref>
On the morning of June 16, the General Staff Headquarters of the Korean People's Army issued a communiqué stating that it is fully prepared for the ongoing deterioration of inter-Korean relations and that it has firmly guaranteed any external measures taken by the party and the government from a military perspective.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜人民军总参谋部：朝鲜军队做好万全准备，军事保证党和政府的任何对外措施 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-06-16-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623193814/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-06-16-0001 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> In response, South Korean Defense Ministry spokesman Choi Hyun-soo stressed at a regular press conference that the South Korean military is on alert to deal with any situation at any time,<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓防部：將與美方緊密合作監視朝軍動向 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616003800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616073916/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616003800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and said the South Korean side will work closely with the U.S. to keep a close watch and track the movement of the North Korean forces.<ref>{{Cite web |title=開城工業園傳巨響煙霧 韓朝聯辦疑被爆破 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616004800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616073205/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616004800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The government then observed a loud noise and smoke coming from the Kaesong Industrial Park in the afternoon, and the military immediately checked whether it was related to the demolition of the inter-Korean Liaison Office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部證實朝鮮爆破韓朝聯辦 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616005200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616130954/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616005200881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and said it was stepping up its surveillance and alert of the North Korean side, while asking the frontline commander to take up his position to command the border guard force.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=통일부 “北, 16일 오후2시49분 개성 공동연락사무소 청사 폭파” |url=https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20200616/101535029/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071630/https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20200616/101535029/1 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-16 |publisher=[[東亞日報]]}}</ref> The [[Republic of Korea Army]] confirmed through visual observation that the inter-Korean Liaison Office building in the Kaesong industrial area had been blown up, and the North Korean authorities later confirmed that the General Headquarters of the Korean People's Army had given orders to the mission unit to blow up the inter-Korean Liaison Office at 2:49 p.m. [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang time]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=揭爆破真相：朝鮮此時不是喜悅，而是決絕與傷透了心 |url=https://www.setn.com/news.aspx?newsid=763725 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621121645/https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=763725 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=三立新聞}}</ref> saying through the official media, Korean Central Broadcasting Station, that this was in response to the public opinion of the North Korean people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝媒證實開城韓朝聯辦被爆破 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616006800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616140822/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616006800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
After the destruction of the office, the North Korean authorities said that they will redeploy military forces to the Kaesong industrial area and the Geumgang Mountain International Tourism Special Zone at the border, and reestablish posts and restart military drills.<ref>{{Cite web |title=炸毀兩韓辦公室後 北韓宣布在邊境重新部署軍力 |url=https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4494315 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618144138/https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4494315 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=鉅亨網}}</ref> In response to the North Korean government's statement, the chief of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)|Joint Chiefs of Staff]], Jeon Dong-jin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓還要炸？金剛山觀光區可能是下一目標 |url=https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=588721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625165854/https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=588721 |archive-date=2020-06-25 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=人間福報}}</ref> said that he will closely monitor the North Korean government's movement 24 hours a day and will respond strongly if provoked by military actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=兩韓聯辦遭轟爛！青瓦台仍想「見第四次面」 若持續挑釁將強烈回應 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739199.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025212/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739199.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> The President of the Republic of Korea, [[Moon Jae-in]], convened a plenary session of the National Security Council after learning of the destruction of his office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅緊急召開國安會議 討論兩韓聯絡辦公室被炸 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4639266 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702022539/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4639266 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> the ninth time since he took power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=青瓦台緊急開會討論北韓爆破韓朝聯辦 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200616004867-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701195742/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200616004867-260408 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=中國時報}}</ref> After the meeting, Kim Yoo-geun, secretary general of the National Security Council of Korea, said that the DPRK's action completely failed to meet the expectations of everyone who is looking forward to the development of inter-Korean relations and permanent peace on the Korean peninsula,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺對朝鮮爆破韓朝聯辦深表遺憾 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616007500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616007500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and made it clear that the DPRK should be held responsible for all consequences arising from it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓：若北韓持續升高緊張 揚言堅決回應 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2068364 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2068364 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> In regards to the North's bombing of the office, Yoon Do-han, chief secretary for national communications at Blue House, said that the South Korean government has not received any plans or notifications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮炸毀兩韓聯絡樓 首爾說平壤事先無通知 |url=http://rfi.my/6558 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114358/https://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/20200618-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E6%A8%93-%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%88%E7%84%A1%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=法國國際廣播電台}}</ref>
The Korean diplomatic personnel dormitory adjacent to the office was also affected by the impact of the explosion, resulting in a collapse of the outer wall of the dormitory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮炸聯絡辦公室 毁對韓友好象徵 金與正3天前放狠話 研重新部署非軍事區兵力 |url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200617/s00014/1592332755313 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114402/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200617/s00014/1592332755313/%e6%9c%9d%e9%ae%ae%e7%82%b8%e8%81%af%e7%b5%a1%e8%be%a6%e5%85%ac%e5%ae%a4-%e6%af%81%e5%b0%8d%e9%9f%93%e5%8f%8b%e5%a5%bd%e8%b1%a1%e5%be%b5-%e9%87%91%e8%88%87%e6%ad%a33%e5%a4%a9%e5%89%8d%e6%94%be%e7%8b%a0%e8%a9%b1-%e7%a0%94%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e9%83%a8%e7%bd%b2%e9%9d%9e%e8%bb%8d%e4%ba%8b%e5%8d%80%e5%85%b5%e5%8a%9b |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=明報}}</ref> According to the photos taken by the television station, [[Korean Broadcasting System]], on June 17 at a height of about 2000 meters in the no-fly zone along the [[Military Demarcation Line|military demarcation line]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=開城工業園綜合支援中心受損 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200618021100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200618021100881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-01 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> it was also found that the comprehensive support center for the Kaesong Industrial Area near the office was also affected and seriously damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |title=炸毀韓朝聯絡辦仍不夠 朝鮮恐拆開城工業區 |url=https://www.exmoo.com/article/151354.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194813/https://www.exmoo.com/article/151354.html |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-08-01 |publisher=澳門力報}}</ref> On June 19th, South Korean government sources told the "''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Korea JoongAng Daily]]''" that after analyzing the images of the South Korean army and the North Korean official media, it was found that the [[TNT]] explosives set up by the North Korean explosion should amount to hundreds of kilograms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正命令讓北韓軍方怕了！ 兩韓聯辦4層樓「竟裝數百kg炸藥」應 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200619/1741595.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114400/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200619/1741595.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref>
== Aftereffects ==
=== Inter-Korean Relations ===
On June 15, the President of the Republic of Korea, Moon Jae-in, proposed to the DPRK to send the head of the Korean National Security Agency, Jung Eui-yong, and the head of the [[National Intelligence Service (South Korea)|Korean National Intelligence Service]], [[Suh Hoon|Suh Hoon,]] as special envoys to meet with the chairman of the Korean Labor Party, [[Kim Jong-un]], but on June 17, the DPRK rejected the proposal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅向北韓提議派遣特使遭拒 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640734 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619075950/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640734 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> In response to North Korea's unilateral message that it wanted to send envoys, Moon said that although the act was a bit too much, he would continue to explore ways to break through the Korean impasse in order to keep persuading North Korea and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=評金與正粉碎韓聯辦「太超過」：我很努力耶 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200617/1740085.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025240/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200617/1740085.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> Under the situation where relations between North and South Korea continue to deteriorate, South Korean Minister of Unification Kim Yeon Jik resigned on the 17th taking responsibility for the degradation of inter-Korean relations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正嗆文在寅 拒南韓特使 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1380457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618090718/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1380457 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The spokesman of the Blue House, Kang Min Seok, said in a press conference on the morning of 19th that Moon Jae-in agreed to his resignation and said that Moon Jae-in had dinner with Kim Yain Tie on the evening of 18th and listened to Kim Yain Tie's position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部長辭職 文在寅批准 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4646160 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412112229/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4646160 |archive-date=2021-04-12 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref>
After the North Korean government bombed the office, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the united front of the Korean Labor Party, said that there would be no more exchanges, cooperations or even talks between the two Koreas in the future, adding that "everything that has happened between the two sides should be treated as a dream",<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央统一战线部长：再也没有与南朝鲜可商谈的事 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=28879 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123625/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=28879 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2020-06-17 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> while the North Korean government continued to push forward military measures and said through the official media that it had prepared more than 3,000 balloons and 12 million leaflets for "retaliatory punishment".<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓「報復性懲罰」 對南韓撒1200萬張反韓傳單 |url=https://inews.hket.com/article/2676706/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://inews.hket.com/article/2676706/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=香港經濟日報}}</ref> The leaflets were published with a picture of Moon drinking tea, a string of mocking words and a lot of smoked cigarette butts on the end.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓最新報復行動曝！ 在文在寅臉上丟菸蒂 打包空飄回敬南韓 |url=https://fnc.ebc.net.tw/FncNews/world/121294 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114404/https://fnc.ebc.net.tw/FncNews/world/121294 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=東森新聞}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=传单宣传战：朝鲜准备向韩国发大量"惩罚传单" |url=https://www.dw.com/zh/传单宣传战朝鲜准备向韩国发大量惩罚传单/a-53881765 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626145219/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%95%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%90%91%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%91%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8F%E6%83%A9%E7%BD%9A%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%95/a-53881765 |archive-date=2020-06-26 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=德國之聲}}</ref> The South Korean military said it will pay close attention to how the North Koreans act and the way they take action, and then return with any possible military response.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝3000氣球派韓1200萬張傳單 |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2020/06/23/GJ2006230013.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114404/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2020/06/23/GJ2006230013.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-24 |publisher=文匯報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓將散發傳單報復 南韓緊繃：不排除軍事行動 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623191452/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205948 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |access-date=2020-06-24 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The South Korean military also found that the North Korean government has reinstalled loudspeakers for "[[Psychological warfare]]" in non-military areas, indicating that the two sides' previous efforts to improve relations have returned to square one<ref>{{Cite web |title=重啟「心戰喊話」 南韓軍方：北韓正重新安裝擴音器 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205619 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211126033509/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205619 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref>.
Kim Jong-un, Chairman of the Korean Labor Party, presided over the preparatory meeting of the 5th meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 23 and decided to suspend the implementation of the military action plan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩終於現身！放話「暫緩」軍事行動 |url=https://www.ctwant.com/article/58268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194944/https://www.ctwant.com/article/58268 |archive-date=2020-06-26 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=CTWANT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩當和事佬擱置對南韓軍事行動 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202006240016.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194958/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202006240016.aspx |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> Some official media also deleted critical reports on the Korean authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮突然改變態度，金正恩下令“暫緩對韓軍事行動” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/home/article/all/20200625/2101365/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114413/https://www.donga.com/tw/home/article/all/20200625/2101365/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A%E6%85%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%BB%A4-%E6%9A%AB%E7%B7%A9%E5%B0%8D%E9%9F%93%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The Korean media "Central Daily" pointed out that North Korea had observed the dismantling and reinstallation of loudspeakers at the Peace Observatory in [[Ganghwa County]], [[Incheon]] Prefecture, while South Korean Congressman Kim Yong Ho expressed through the media,<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩這回唱白臉！坐鎮中央軍委宣布「暫緩對韓行動」 |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2792720 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://www.storm.mg/article/2792720 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=風傳媒}}</ref> South Korea's Vice Minister of Unification, Xu Hu, confirmed that the DPRK had completely removed loudspeakers in the border areas when attending a private forum of the National Committee on Foreign Affairs Unification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮暫緩對韓軍事行動意圖受關注 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200624004200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105195012/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200624004200881 |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> After the suspension of critical reporting, the North Korean official media had not published any reports directly criticizing the South Korean government as of July 5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓媒體連12天沒發文批評南韓政府 引發關注 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4680508 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114446/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4680508 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-06 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref> The North Korean foreign media only resumed writing articles criticizing the South Korean military and political parties on June 26.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮外宣媒體時隔兩天恢復對韓抨擊 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/east/article/all/20200627/2103500/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114412/https://www.donga.com/tw/east/article/all/20200627/2103500/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E5%AE%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E6%99%82%E9%9A%94%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A9%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E5%B0%8D%E9%9F%93%E6%8A%A8%E6%93%8A |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-30 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓官媒連12天未批評文在寅政府 韓媒分析直指這原因 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4680144 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114431/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4680144 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-06 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref>
On June 25, the 70th anniversary of the [[Korean War]], South Korean President Moon Jae-in gave a speech, saying that he would protect the lives and security of his people at all costs and that Seoul has a strong all-round national defense force that will not tolerate any provocation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓不按牌理出招！ 文在寅硬起來首次向平壤示警 |url=https://www.ctwant.com/article/58775 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.ctwant.com/article/58775 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=CTWANT}}</ref> the first warning message to Pyongyang authorities since Moon took office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅首次向平壤發出警告 |url=http://globalnewstv.com.tw/202006/112779/?doing_wp_cron=1593233334.4130640029907226562500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/http://globalnewstv.com.tw/202006/112779/?doing_wp_cron=1593233334.4130640029907226562500 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=寰宇新聞}}</ref> The Korean Foreign Ministry's Institute for Disarmament and Peace Research released a research report on the same day, saying that the withdrawal of the U.S. policy of hostility towards North Korea is the prerequisite for maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula,<ref>{{Cite web |title=平壤批美國敵視與日俱增 稱北韓絕不退縮 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2069593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114415/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2069593 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> and that the U.S. started the Korean War to cause the pain of national division on the Korean Peninsula, which is why North Korea is determined to take the path of nuclear self-defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓戰70週年的北韓感言：我們會發展核武，全都是被陰狠的美帝逼出來的 |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2798740 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114413/https://www.storm.mg/article/2798740 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=風傳媒}}</ref> The Korean Defense Minister [[Jeong Kyeong-doo]] and U.S. Defense Secretary [[Mark Esper]] issued a joint statement on the same day, calling on the North Korean authorities to exercise self-restraint and decide to maintain peace and security in Northeast Asia through trilateral and multilateral security cooperation between South Korea, the United States and Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓戰70週年 韓美聯合聲明堅守朝鮮半島和平 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006250123.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114410/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006250123.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=中央社}}</ref>
On July 8, Korean lawyer Lee Kyung-jae filed a lawsuit against Kim Woong-jung and Park Jung-tien, the chief of staff of the Korean People's Army, for damaging Korean public property.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦 料再度激怒北韓 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦+料再度激怒北韓/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723143050/https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6+%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E5%BA%A6%E6%BF%80%E6%80%92%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2020-07-23 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=加拿大星島日報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717075318/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx |archive-date=2020-07-17 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> Lee Kyung-jae said that although the Korean government cannot actually punish Kim and Park, it wants to show the Korean people the hypocrisy of their leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113023442/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403 |archive-date=2021-01-13 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓檢方立案，就金與正下令炸毁兩韓聯絡辦作刑事調查 |url=https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114411/https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=端傳媒}}</ref>
On July 27, 2021, Park Soo-hyun, chief secretary for national communication at the Blue House in South Korea, said that the communication channel between the DPRK and the [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] (ROK) was restored and that this is the first time that the leaders of both sides have reached an agreement on restarting the communication channel after repeatedly discussing the restoration of [[North Korea–South Korea relations]] through correspondence since April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南北韩通信联络线27日上午重新开通 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72367 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031152/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72367 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> The [[Korean Central News Agency|Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)]] also issued a communiqué on the same day,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社公报：采取措施重启北南通讯联络线 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123940/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> stating that the whole nation is looking forward to the early restoration of North-South relations on the Korean Peninsula, which are in a state of frustration and stagnation, and reached an agreement on a major step towards restoring mutual trust and reconciliation by restoring the severed communication channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社：朝韩首脑近期多次来往亲笔信，朝韩将重启所有通讯联络线 |url=https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031218/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=環球時報}}</ref> After the interruption of the communication channel between the two Koreas, the DPRK side had not responded to the daily messages sent to the ROK side through the International Merchant Marine Network (IMN), but seven days after the restoration of the communication channel,<ref>{{Cite web |title=南北韩东海地区军事通信线恢复正常 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820013828/http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409 |archive-date=2021-08-20 |access-date=2021-08-03 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> the DPRK side responded to the IMN calls, which also led to the full restoration of the military communication channel between the two Koreas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韩首次回应韩方国际商船通信网呼叫 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72470 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031204/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72470 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-03 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> On August 1, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Korean Labor Party,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央委员会副部长金与正发表谈话 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822121114/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> said that the reopening of the communication channel was only a physical link and that no other implications could be added, noting that "premature speculation and unfounded explanations will only bring disappointment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金与正发表谈话：朝鲜政府和军队将密切注视韩国再搞军演，或作出果断决断！ |url=https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031222/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=環球時報}}</ref>
In an authorized statement on August 10, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Labor Party of Korea, said that the DPRK was "strongly dismayed by the treacherous behavior of the South Korean authorities" as the U.S. and South Korea insisted on starting joint military exercises that further aggravated the unstable situation despite the unanimous condemnation and opposition from inside and outside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央副部长金与正发表谈话 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031150/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正抨擊韓美聯合軍演是“南朝-{}-鮮的背信棄義” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20210811/2847547/1 |archive-url=https://archive.is/NfBYR |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=東亞日報}}</ref> Then, at 5 p.m. that day, the DPRK side did not answer the routine phone calls made by the South Korean side through the liaison office channel and the East-West Sea military communication line, cutting off the communication channel again after only 14 days, which had been restored on July 27.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜拒接韩方联络电话或对韩美联演表不满 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210810005700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210810005700881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> On the following day, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the Unification Front Department of the Korean Labor Party, issued a statement through the Korean Central News Agency,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央部长金英哲发表谈话 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822124442/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-11 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> saying that the Korean side had given up the opportunity to improve inter-Korean relations and had reciprocated the North's goodwill with hostile acts, pointing out that Kim Woong-jung, the deputy minister of the Central Committee, had been commissioned by the party's Central Committee to issue a statement on the first day as an opportunity for the North to give the Korean side a choice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮批韓美聯演稱將讓韓方面臨安全危機 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> In this regard, the Korean Ministry of Unification issued a position on the same day after consolidating the positions of relevant departments, saying that it is not in the interest of any party to aggravate tensions on the Korean peninsula and urging the DPRK to restart dialogue as soon as possible, and that the ROK will not prejudge the direction of the DPRK's response in the future, but will continue to pay close attention to relevant movements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓回應朝談話：加劇緊張無好處 需重啟對話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref>
On September 29, Kim Jong-un, chairman of the Korean Workers' Party, delivered a policy speech on "the current direction of struggle for new development of socialist construction" at the 5th session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK,<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩同志发表历史性施政演说《关于争取社会主义建设新发展的当前斗争方向》 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-09-30-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124102912/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-09-30-0001 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> pointing out that the pipeline between the two sides is expected to be restored in early October of the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩稱10月將重啟韓朝聯絡渠道 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930000400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006112237/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930000400881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> The government's position on the issue was published by the Unification Ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：期待韓朝通信聯絡渠道運營穩定 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930003100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930055326/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930003100881 |archive-date=2021-09-30 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺對金正恩表示恢復通信聯絡持謹慎態度 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930004300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930181306/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930004300881 |archive-date=2021-09-30 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> On October 4, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) issued a communiqué stating that all communication lines were reopened at 9:00 p.m. that day, and that the relevant South Korean authorities should be aware of the significance of the reopening.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社发表公报 - 主体110(2021)年 10月 4日 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-10-04-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124150256/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-10-04-0001 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> The Korean Ministry of Unification also confirmed on the same day that the North-South Joint Liaison Office and the South Korean military had resumed normal bilateral communication,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓朝通信渠道今恢復正常通話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004000900881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006091456/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004000900881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> while Blue House did not formally state its position on the resumption of communication between the two sides, but only responded to the position expressed by the Ministry of Unification and the Ministry of National Defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺就韓朝恢復通信渠道持謹慎態度 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004001300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006092403/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004001300881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref>
=== Japanese and U.S. Approaches ===
On June 16, The [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister of Japan]], [[Shinzo Abe]], said he would "work closely with South Korea and the United States and analyze intelligence to respond" after being informed of the bombing of the inter-Korean liaison office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=安倍表示不希望韓朝關係緊張加劇 |url=https://tchina.kyodonews.net/news/2020/06/684da8ed4996.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622233319/https://tchina.kyodonews.net/news/2020/06/684da8ed4996.html |archive-date=2020-06-22 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=共同社}}</ref> while the [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] [[Yoshihide Suga]] said at a press conference on June 17 that the Japanese government was very concerned about North Korea's actions and that it was "maintaining the necessary alert posture in order to be fully prepared for all incidents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓邊境派兵 菅義偉：日本高度關注 正維持必要警戒 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4641801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114441/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4641801 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref>
The [[United States Department of State]] issued a statement saying that the North Korean authorities should avoid further counterproductive actions and said it decided to extend sanctions against North Korea for one year,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國國務院：“朝鮮應避免產生反效果的進壹步行動” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200618/2094930/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114420/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200618/2094930/1/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2%EF%BC%9A-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%87%89%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%B9%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> the fourth time since President [[Donald Trump]] took office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國指北韓對美構成威脅 宣布將對北韓制裁延長一年 |url=https://news.now.com/home/international/player?newsId=394908 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://news.now.com/home/international/player?newsId=394908 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=now新聞}}</ref> because North Korea's actions and policies continue to pose "an unusual and extraordinary threat" to U.S. national security, foreign policy and the economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=特朗普延長對朝制裁行政命令，凍結與朝鮮進行交易的個人和企業在美國的資產等 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200619/2095968/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200619/2095968/1/%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE%E5%BB%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%EF%BC%8C%E5%87%8D%E7%B5%90%E8%88%87%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E7%9A%84%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E7%AD%89 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The U.S. Department of Defense said it will actively discuss with South Korea the feasibility of joint military exercises.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國：“就展開戰略資產與重啟韓美軍演，持續與韓國討論” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200620/2097010/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200620/2097010/1/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%9A-%E5%B0%B1%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E8%88%87%E9%87%8D%E5%95%9F%E9%9F%93%E7%BE%8E%E8%BB%8D%E6%BC%94%EF%BC%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%88%87%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref>
Korean military sources pointed out on June 17 that [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[Lockheed EP-3|EP-3E]] electronic reconnaissance aircraft and U.S. Army RC-12X reconnaissance aircraft stationed in Korea were flying over the Korean Capital Territory on that day to implement surveillance and reconnaissance missions against North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美軍偵察機飛臨韓半島加強對朝監視 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114424/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> A military aircraft tracking site said the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] [[Boeing RC-135|RC-135W]] reconnaissance aircraft in the morning of the 18th over the Korean capital circle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美軍偵察機連日飛臨韓半島加強對朝監視 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619004804/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003600881 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> On June 22, the military aircraft tracking website also pointed out that two [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] Stratospheric Fortress bombers were observed flying from [[Alaska]]'s Aisin base to the [[Philippine Sea]] via Japan, which was seen as a measure to warn the North Korean side.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮安裝高音喇叭的當天，美B-52轟炸機再次在韓半島附近展開 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/article/all/20200624/2100348/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114453/https://www.donga.com/tw/article/all/20200624/2100348/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%9D%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%87%E5%8F%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%95%B6%E5%A4%A9%EF%BC%8C%E7%BE%8EB-52%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F%E5%86%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%9C%A8%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E9%99%84%E8%BF%91%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The U.S. Air Force released photos of a joint [[Elephant walk (aeronautics)|elephant walk]] exercise with the [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|Japanese Air Self-Defense Force]] at [[Misawa Air Base|Misawa Airfield]] in [[Aomori Prefecture]] on the 23rd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=「大象走路」 美日同盟秀戰力 |url=https://www.ydn.com.tw/News/387650 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114423/https://www.ydn.com.tw/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=青年日報}}</ref>
=== Other Reactions ===
Following the bombing of the North-South Joint Liaison Office, [[Russia|Russian]] [[Kremlin]] spokesman Dmitry Sergeyevich Peskov issued a statement expressing concern about the situation on the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]] and calling on both Koreas to remain calm,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 俄羅斯呼籲雙方克制 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4640180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619210522/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4640180 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref> but at this stage the Russian government has no plans to help ease tensions on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正狠炸兩韓聯辦 克里姆林宮：為朝鮮半島局勢感到擔憂 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739333.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114439/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739333.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> The European Union issued a statement on the matter, stating that it deeply regretted the recent actions of North Korea and said that the Pyongyang authorities should refrain from further provocative and destructive actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 美國歐盟籲勿再躁動 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006170046.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715151626/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006170046.aspx |archive-date=2020-07-15 |access-date=2020-08-02 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> The [[European Union]] reiterated its support for the Korean government's efforts to achieve peace and prosperity on the peninsula and the need to reignite dialogue between the parties,<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅將同歐盟領導人舉行視頻會談 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114424/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003700881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> according to a joint press release issued after a video conference between EU Summit President Charles Michel and [[President of the European Commission|EU Executive Committee President]] Ursula von der Leyen on June 30 and President Moon Jae-in of the Republic of Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅與歐盟領導人視頻會晤 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200630006000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114423/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200630006000881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China]] is also working with the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) to improve the relationship between the two countries,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 中國：盼保持和平穩定 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006160212.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114428/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006160212.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中國駐韓大使：韓朝血濃於水應努力保持對話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114448/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> [[President of the Republic of China|The president of the Republic of China]], Tsai Ing-wen, said that the government of the Republic of China is closely concerned about the development of the border conflict between China and India and the tension on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡總統：關注中印衝突朝鮮半島局勢 維區域和平 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202006200086.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114452/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202006200086.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=中印、朝鮮局勢緊張 蔡總統：國軍是捍衛主權最重要力量 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3203801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621090326/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3203801 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The government has also issued a statement saying that the national security team is closely monitoring the latest developments and is in constant contact with all relevant countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓發狠「炸爛」兩韓聯絡辦公室 總統府說話了 |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=762778 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621191855/https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=762778 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=三立新聞}}</ref>
== Related Disputes ==
=== Airborne flyers controversial content ===
The message pointed out that the flyer floated to North Korea was related to the malicious [[photograph manipulation]] of Kim Jong-un's wife, [[Ri Sol-ju]], as the protagonist of a [[pornographic film]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=李雪主遭合成AV女優 北韓氣炸大動作報復 |url=https://news.tvbs.com.tw/world/1340246 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619065438/https://news.tvbs.com.tw/world/1340246 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=TVBS}}</ref> and that South Korean netizens did not approve of the flyer's content and considered it crazy and bad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=脫北者團體發反朝宣傳單 驚見李雪主被P圖成AV女優 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640844 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702225101/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640844 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> The named "Free Korean Movement Alliance" said that the leaflet was not produced by it, and pointed out that the leaflet had appeared in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓金與正暴怒暗示開戰 竟是為了李雪主 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200614003064-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615220508/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200614003064-260408 |archive-date=2020-06-15 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=中國時報}}</ref> According to a check by the Korean media outlet World Journal, it was confirmed that the malicious leaflet was put out by extreme conservative groups such as Pyongyang Citizens' Association and Blue Union in October 2013 when [[Park Geun-hye]] was in power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=難怪會生氣！空飄傳單驚見「李雪主赤裸拍AV」 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200614/1737510.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614135643/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200614/1737510.htm |archive-date=2020-06-14 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=ETToday}}</ref>
=== Concerns about violations of free speech ===
On July 17, the Ministry of Unification of Korea officially revoked the permission for the establishment of the "Free North Korea Movement Alliance" and "Daechuan", a group of North Korean defector groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=青瓦台要嚴懲散發反北韓傳單 人權組織批：向平壤「叩頭」 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3195121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614081911/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3195121 |archive-date=2020-06-14 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The government also said that the groups are not in line with the purpose of their establishment,<ref>{{Cite web |title=脫北者團體散布傳單惹怒平壤 南韓政府撤設立許可 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4710304 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801050749/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4710304 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> but also endanger the safety of residents in the border areas of Korea and North Korea, and aggravate the tension in the peninsula, which is detrimental to national interests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部取消兩家空飄反朝傳單脫北者團體設立許可 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200717004100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802034511/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200717004100881 |archive-date=2020-08-02 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The US government is of the opinion that South Korea is giving in to North Korea's demands and abandoning its dignity as an exemplary democracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅壓迫脫北者人權？挨批「跪舔北韓」 美朝野：南韓真的是民主國家？ |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200719/1764157.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111024411/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200719/1764157.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=ETToday}}</ref>
== Subsequent Actions ==
=== Korean government draws fire for new law ===
On December 3, 2020, the ruling United [[Democratic Party of Korea|Democratic Party]] (UDP) sent a draft of the "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" to the [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly of Korea]] for scrutiny, which covers the prohibition of propaganda shouting through leaflets and loudspeakers against the North Korean side in border areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓擬修法禁對北韓灑傳單、廣播 在野黨轟：金與正下的法令 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3370000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021209/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3370000 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> However, the bill is strongly supported by the Common [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and suppresses the opposition's views, causing dissatisfaction among the opposition parties in Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓経：韓国与党「金与正下命」議論の「対北朝鮮ビラ禁止法」強行 |url=https://japanese.joins.com/JArticle/272963?sectcode=510&servcode=500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111024435/https://japanese.joins.com/JArticle/272963?sectcode=510&servcode=500 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=中央日報}}</ref> U.S. Republican Congressman [[Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)|Chris Smith]] expressed concern over the implementation of the bill by the South Korean parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓立法禁向北韓散布傳單 脫北者不服將訴願 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5094404 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021211/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5094404 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> In response to concerns about infringement of freedom of speech, South Korean Foreign Minister [[Kang Kyung-wha]] said in an interview with CNN that freedom of speech is crucial to human rights, but it does not mean that it is unquestionable, but needs to be restricted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FM says freedom of expression can be limited over leafleting ban |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201217001000325 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021244/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201217001000325 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
After the bill was passed on Dec. 14, the [[Fighters for a Free North Korea]], a group of defectors, said it would file a lawsuit against the bill for unconstitutionality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓立法禁向北韓發傳單 |url=https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/7645709 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021215/https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/7645709-%e5%8d%97%e9%9f%93%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e7%a6%81%e5%90%91%e5%8c%97%e9%9f%93%e7%99%bc%e5%82%b3%e5%96%ae |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=巴士的報}}</ref> The American [[Human Rights Foundation]] stated that it had sent letters to the National Assembly, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Unification Ministry, the ruling United Democratic Party and the largest opposition party, the [[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power Party]], before the December 9 debate on the bill, stating that the bill infringes on freedom of speech and is unconstitutional.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Korean Government Criminalizes North Korean Human Rights Activism |url=https://hrf.org/press_posts/south-korean-government-criminalizes-north-korean-human-rights-activism/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215235613/https://hrf.org/press_posts/south-korean-government-criminalizes-north-korean-human-rights-activism/ |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=美國人權基金會}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] called the bill a misguided strategy to win the favor of Kim Jong-un.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓禁反北韓傳單 脫北者誓言挑戰不惜入獄 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2086895 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021214/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2086895 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> After the passage of the bill, the Unification Ministry of Korea said that although freedom of speech is provided for in the Korean constitution, the safety of people's lives at the border is more important, and pointed out that the new law only restricts some forms of freedom of speech at a minimum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩统一部：边民生命安全重于言论自由 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20201215003000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229131436/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20201215003000881 |archive-date=2020-12-29 |access-date=2020-12-29 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
At the end of March 2021, the amended "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" came into effect, which prohibits the delivery of anti-North Korean leaflets and loudspeaker shouting along the military demarcation line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓政府：努力向美方說明禁發反朝傳單法宗旨 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210409004300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081602/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210409004300881 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社vv}}</ref> The Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the hearing did not affect the Korea-US alliance,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国会15日举行“禁止对北韩散发传单法”视频听证会 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081601/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71234 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韩国国际广播电台}}</ref> and pointed out that the Korean government will continue to introduce the purpose of the law to the U.S. Congress,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国国会开听证会讨论韩国禁发对朝传单 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210416001700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418175908/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210416001700881 |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> the State Department and human rights groups and other relevant parties, and strive for the Korean government's position to be fully reflected in this hearing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：美反朝傳單法聽證會不影響同盟關係 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210415003400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081609/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210415003400881 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
In response to the Korean government's amendment, the [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] wrote to the Korean government expressing concern about the negative impact of the law on the right to freedom of expression and the legitimate activities of some civil society groups and human rights advocates in Korea,<ref>{{Cite web |title=联合国特别报告员：“对北韩传单禁止法”或侵害言论自由 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71376 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111031140/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71376 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韩国国际广播电台}}</ref> and requesting information on whether the amendment complies with [[international human rights law]] and the scope of illegal activities under the amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=联合国北韩人权报告员：了解限制对北韩散发传单的必要性 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71569 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081625/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref> The UN Special Rapporteur on North Korea, Tomas Ojea Quintana, said last December that he had recommended that South Korea reconsider the amendment in accordance with the due process of the relevant democratic institutions before implementing the law. In protest, the Alliance for a Free North Korea Movement, a group of defectors, again dropped 500,000 flyers from April 25 to 29 along the military demarcation line from [[Paju]] City, [[Gyeonggi Province]], to [[Gangwon Province, South Korea|Gangwon Province]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-30 |title=涉空飄50萬張反朝傳單 脫北者組織違韓朝關係法 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610105243/https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2021-06-10 |access-date=2021-05-06 |publisher=Sing Tao Daily 星島日報加拿大}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Korean reunification]]
* [[Korean conflict]]
* [[Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea]]
== Notes ==
"Psychological warfare shouting" is one of the specific tools of psychological warfare in the battlefield, combining with other psychological warfare actions to respond to military operations.
== References ==
<references />' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,0 +1,113 @@
+{{Short description|none}}
+
+{{Infobox civilian attack
+| title = Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing
+| location = {{DPRK}}[[Kaesong Industrial Area]] [[ Inter-Korean Liaison Office]]
+| date = 2020-06-16
+| partof = [[Korean People's Army]]
+| image =
+| alt =
+| caption =
+| coordinates = {{Coord|37|55|58.7|N|126|37|18.7|E|display=inline,title}}
+| time =
+| timezone =
+| target =
+| type = [[Demolition|Demolition attack]]
+| weapons =
+| fatalities =
+| injuries =
+| perps = [[金与正]]
+| motive = North Korea claims South Korea violated Article 2(1) of the [[Panmunjom Declaration]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=朝鲜劳动党中央委员会第一副部长金与正发表谈话|url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=cfodoc&stype=0&ctype=0&lang=chn&mtype=view&no=28883|accessdate=2020-06-19|author=|date=2020-06-18|format=|publisher=《由我们民族自己》|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627194329/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=cfodoc&stype=0&ctype=0&lang=chn&mtype=view&no=28883|archive-date=2020-06-27|dead-url=no}}</ref>
+| verdict = Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombed<br/>[[Inter-Korean relations|Korean relations]] deteriorate, [[Korean Peninsula]] tense
+}}
+
+'''Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing''' (Korean: 남북공동연락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident, Korean: 북남공동련락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident) refers to the bombing of the Inter-Korean Liaison Office located in [[Kaesong Industrial Region|Kaesong]], [http://North%20Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea] on June 16, 2020. The two Koreas decided to close the office on January 30 in response to the development of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|2019 coronavirus outbreak]], and the Korean staff left on the same day. However, during the closure of the Joint Liaison Office, the North Koreans were dissatisfied with a group of [[North Korean defectors|defectors]] [[Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea|spreading leaflets]] along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|demilitarized zone]] and sent the [[Korean People's Army]] to blow up the building on June 16, accusing South Korea's violation of the [[Panmunjom Declaration]], a move that is said to have worsened [[North Korea–South Korea relations]] and strained the situation on the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]].
+
+== Background ==
+
+After the signing of the Panmunjom Declaration at the [[Inter-Korean summits|inter-Korean Summit in April 2018]], the two sides agreed to establish a "permanent liaison office".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-13 |title=남북공동연락사무소: 드디어 문 열리는 남북공동연락사무소 |url=https://www.bbc.com/korean/international-45503094 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521115217/https://www.bbc.com/korean/international-45503094 |archive-date=2019-05-21 |access-date=2018-09-13 |website=BBC}}</ref> However, due to the visit of [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]] to North Korea, the office initially scheduled to open in August 2018 was postponed to open on September 14 officially.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-16 |title=「兩韓聯辦」揭幕、24小時聯絡無阻 |url=https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=48200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114311/https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=48200 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-01 |website=上報}}</ref> Following the breakdown of the [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit]], the firm faced a long-term suspension, but this did not affect the twice-daily communication between the liaison officers of the two sides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-05 |title=韩朝联办主任会议仍停摆 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20190905003200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131155213/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20190905003200881 |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=[[韓國聯合通訊社]]}}</ref>
+
+In 2020, South Korea and North Korea decided to close their offices on January 30 in response to the development of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓朝開城聯絡辦因肺炎疫情暫時關閉 |url=http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2020/0130/806270.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206060213/http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2020/0130/806270.shtml |archive-date=2020-02-06 |access-date=2020-07-29}}</ref> and South Korean staff left on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-30 |title=韩统一部：开城韩朝联办韩方人员今将返韩 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200130006600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131155211/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200130006600881 |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> During the closure of the office, the South Korean side still had twice daily conversations with the North Korean authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-28 |title=韩官员预测韩朝有望讨论重启联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200428002700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509001041/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200428002700881 |archive-date=2020-05-09 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> The South Korean Unification Ministry stated that the relevant personnel of the office was transferred to [[Seoul]] to continue operations after the closure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-06 |title=统一部：疫情过后将与朝方讨论重启联办事宜 |url=https://www.yazhouribao.com/view/20200506104652221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111030903/https://www.yazhouribao.com/view/20200506104652221 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=亚洲日报}}</ref>
+
+=== North Korea's dissatisfaction with South Korea's actions ===
+On June 4, 2020, [[Kim Yo-jong]], an alternate member of the [[Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Political Bureau of the Central Committee]] of the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] and the First Vice Minister of the [[Organization and Guidance Department]], said that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was dissatisfied with a group of [[North Korean defectors|defectors]] sending 500,000 leaflets, 50 manuals, 2,000 [[United States one-dollar bill|$1 bills]], and 1,000 [[Memory card|memory cards]] along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|Korean demilitarized zone]] on May 31 toward the DPRK, and demanded to immediately improve the situation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正怒了！嗆韓將面臨3最壞局面 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604002538-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619235627/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604002538-260408 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=中國時報}}</ref> Subsequently, a spokesman for the [[United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea]] unilaterally announced the closure of the inter-Korean Liaison Office the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜宣布将坚决关闭韩朝联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200606000100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114323/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200606000100881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> [[Kim Yong-chol]], vice chairman of the [[Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea]], pointed out at a central government meeting that the dissemination of the leaflets was a hostile act in violation of the inter-Korean peace agreement, and therefore cut off all communication channels with the Korean authorities on June 9.<ref>{{Cite web |title=今午起全面切斷與南韓通訊管道 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4622872 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609175247/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4622872 |archive-date=2020-06-09 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=聯合報}}</ref>
+
+On June 12, the Director General of the United States Affairs of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)]], Quan Zhenggen, condemned the remarks made by the South Korean side regarding efforts for the DPRK US dialogue and denuclearization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮外務省：韓國無資格談無核化 統戰部：不信任韓國 |url=http://www.rfi.fr/cn/亞洲/20200613-朝鮮外務省-韓國無資格談無核化-統戰部-不信任韓國 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619170407/http://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/20200613-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81-%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E8%B3%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%87%E7%84%A1%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96-%E7%B5%B1%E6%88%B0%E9%83%A8-%E4%B8%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=法國國際廣播電台}}</ref> The United Front Minister of the Korean Labor Party, Kim Young-chol, also issued a statement stating that he felt distrust of the inaction of the South Korean government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝統戰部部長：説話不算數！朝鮮無法信任韓國 |url=http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/13/ARTIcViOstTLlJkB5z0qWcTw200613.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114313/http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/13/ARTIcViOstTLlJkB5z0qWcTw200613.shtml |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=CCTV}}</ref> Subsequently, in a speech on June 13th, Kim Yo-jong once again criticized South Korea for ignoring bilateral relations and conniving with defectors, saying that it was "the time to say goodbye" to the South Korean government, authorizing the [[Korean People's Army]] to decide on a continuation of the enemy's actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正威脅與韓訣別 交軍方行動 |url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/國際/article/20200615/s00014/1592159880087/金與正威脅與韓訣別-交軍方行動 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617053701/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200615/s00014/1592159880087/%e9%87%91%e8%88%87%e6%ad%a3%e5%a8%81%e8%84%85%e8%88%87%e9%9f%93%e8%a8%a3%e5%88%a5-%e4%ba%a4%e8%bb%8d%e6%96%b9%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95 |archive-date=2020-06-17 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=明報}}</ref> Kim Yo-jong also pointed out in his speech on the same day that "in the near future, the useless joint liaison office between the North and the South will disappear".<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党副部长金与正：已到与韩诀别之际 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200613000400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613175554/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200613000400881 |archive-date=2020-06-13 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+=== South Korea's response to North Korea's measures ===
+After the South Korean government was informed of the North's dissatisfaction, the [[Ministry of Unification]] spokesman Roh Sang-ki said at a regular press conference on June 4 that the act of spreading anti-DPRK leaflets threatened the safety of people and property in the border area and that the government was studying an effective plan in this regard and called on people not to spread anti-DPRK leaflets at the border.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部 籲民眾勿在邊境散佈反北韓傳單 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4612976 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604122845/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4612976 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=聯合報}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)]] spokesman Choi Hyun-soo said at a regular press conference that the South Korean government has not changed its position on the implementation of the Pyongyang Joint Declaration, which was signed by the two Koreas on September 19, 2018, in response to the North's unilateral threat to dismantle the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩国防部：坚持履行韩朝军事协议立场不变 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200604004600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604074755/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200604004600881 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+At a regular press conference in the morning of June 8, the Korean Ministry of Unification said that according to the routine business arrangement of the inter-Korean Liaison Office, the two Koreas talk once a day in the morning and once in the afternoon, but in the morning of that day, the North did not answer the phone, which was the first time that the North did not answer the phone after the establishment of the office in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：韓朝聯辦朝方人員未接韓方電話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20200608014500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114314/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20200608014500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> On the following day, a regular press conference of the Ministry of Unification of Korea stated that the DPRK answered the phone on the afternoon of the 8th, but did not mention why they did not took the call in the morning and said that the two sides should maintain communication channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部：南北韓應維持聯繫渠道 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4298891/2020-06-08/news-南韓統一部：南北韓應維持聯繫渠道/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114314/https://www.singtao.ca/4298891/2020-06-08/news-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%EF%BC%9A%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E6%87%89%E7%B6%AD%E6%8C%81%E8%81%AF%E7%B9%AB%E6%B8%A0%E9%81%93/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=星島日報}}</ref> The North Korean government subsequently cut all communication channels with the South Korean authorities on June 9, and the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] held a press conference that afternoon, saying that it would closely monitor changes in inter-Korean relations with the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩外交部：与美方密切沟通朝鲜断联 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200609004000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114316/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200609004000881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> In response to the unilateral cut-off, Blue House only said that the inter-Korean communication channels "should continue to be maintained and used according to a mutual agreement",<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓翻臉 韓媒：首爾對朝政策被逼入死角 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200613000017-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114317/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200613000017-260408?chdtv |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=中國時報}}</ref> prompting the opposition [[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power Party]] to criticize the Moon Jae-in administration for adopting a low-profile toward North Korea and allowing North Korea to take advantage of it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓斷訊 文在寅的試煉 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4627805 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114343/https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4627805 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=聯合社}}</ref>
+
+On June 10, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea reported two groups of defectors who had violated the regulations on the distribution of leaflets to the DPRK under the Korean Exchange and Cooperation Act and decided to cancel their registration licenses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部舉報兩家脫北者團體 |url=https://www.exmoo.com/article/150776.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://www.exmoo.com/article/150776.html |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=澳門力報}}</ref> On June 14, the Korean government expressed concern over Kim's remarks,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺稱將嚴打對朝散佈傳單行為 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200611005400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114351/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200611005400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> and the Ministry of National Defense held an emergency meeting at the [[Blue House]] on the same morning to check the military's readiness and discuss how to deal with North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓政府對朝鮮暗示將採取軍事行動表擔憂 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200614001400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114400/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200614001400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+== Events ==
+[[Yonhap News Agency]] quoted sources as saying that the South Korean government observed vehicles suspected of carrying explosives at the inter-Korean Joint Liaison Office after Kim and Jung spoke on June 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=消息：金与正一发话朝鲜随即动手爆破联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025201/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004700881 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The South Korean military observed flames on the first and second floors of the office the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓官媒釋高畫質爆破片 「和平象徵」灰飛煙滅 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4641830 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720092915/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4641830 |archive-date=2020-07-20 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref>
+
+On the morning of June 16, the General Staff Headquarters of the Korean People's Army issued a communiqué stating that it is fully prepared for the ongoing deterioration of inter-Korean relations and that it has firmly guaranteed any external measures taken by the party and the government from a military perspective.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜人民军总参谋部：朝鲜军队做好万全准备，军事保证党和政府的任何对外措施 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-06-16-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623193814/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-06-16-0001 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> In response, South Korean Defense Ministry spokesman Choi Hyun-soo stressed at a regular press conference that the South Korean military is on alert to deal with any situation at any time,<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓防部：將與美方緊密合作監視朝軍動向 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616003800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616073916/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616003800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and said the South Korean side will work closely with the U.S. to keep a close watch and track the movement of the North Korean forces.<ref>{{Cite web |title=開城工業園傳巨響煙霧 韓朝聯辦疑被爆破 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616004800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616073205/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616004800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The government then observed a loud noise and smoke coming from the Kaesong Industrial Park in the afternoon, and the military immediately checked whether it was related to the demolition of the inter-Korean Liaison Office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部證實朝鮮爆破韓朝聯辦 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616005200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616130954/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616005200881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and said it was stepping up its surveillance and alert of the North Korean side, while asking the frontline commander to take up his position to command the border guard force.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=통일부 “北, 16일 오후2시49분 개성 공동연락사무소 청사 폭파” |url=https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20200616/101535029/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071630/https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20200616/101535029/1 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-16 |publisher=[[東亞日報]]}}</ref> The [[Republic of Korea Army]] confirmed through visual observation that the inter-Korean Liaison Office building in the Kaesong industrial area had been blown up, and the North Korean authorities later confirmed that the General Headquarters of the Korean People's Army had given orders to the mission unit to blow up the inter-Korean Liaison Office at 2:49 p.m. [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang time]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=揭爆破真相：朝鮮此時不是喜悅，而是決絕與傷透了心 |url=https://www.setn.com/news.aspx?newsid=763725 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621121645/https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=763725 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=三立新聞}}</ref> saying through the official media, Korean Central Broadcasting Station, that this was in response to the public opinion of the North Korean people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝媒證實開城韓朝聯辦被爆破 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616006800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616140822/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616006800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+After the destruction of the office, the North Korean authorities said that they will redeploy military forces to the Kaesong industrial area and the Geumgang Mountain International Tourism Special Zone at the border, and reestablish posts and restart military drills.<ref>{{Cite web |title=炸毀兩韓辦公室後 北韓宣布在邊境重新部署軍力 |url=https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4494315 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618144138/https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4494315 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=鉅亨網}}</ref> In response to the North Korean government's statement, the chief of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)|Joint Chiefs of Staff]], Jeon Dong-jin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓還要炸？金剛山觀光區可能是下一目標 |url=https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=588721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625165854/https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=588721 |archive-date=2020-06-25 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=人間福報}}</ref> said that he will closely monitor the North Korean government's movement 24 hours a day and will respond strongly if provoked by military actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=兩韓聯辦遭轟爛！青瓦台仍想「見第四次面」 若持續挑釁將強烈回應 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739199.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025212/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739199.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> The President of the Republic of Korea, [[Moon Jae-in]], convened a plenary session of the National Security Council after learning of the destruction of his office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅緊急召開國安會議 討論兩韓聯絡辦公室被炸 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4639266 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702022539/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4639266 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> the ninth time since he took power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=青瓦台緊急開會討論北韓爆破韓朝聯辦 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200616004867-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701195742/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200616004867-260408 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=中國時報}}</ref> After the meeting, Kim Yoo-geun, secretary general of the National Security Council of Korea, said that the DPRK's action completely failed to meet the expectations of everyone who is looking forward to the development of inter-Korean relations and permanent peace on the Korean peninsula,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺對朝鮮爆破韓朝聯辦深表遺憾 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616007500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616007500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and made it clear that the DPRK should be held responsible for all consequences arising from it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓：若北韓持續升高緊張 揚言堅決回應 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2068364 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2068364 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> In regards to the North's bombing of the office, Yoon Do-han, chief secretary for national communications at Blue House, said that the South Korean government has not received any plans or notifications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮炸毀兩韓聯絡樓 首爾說平壤事先無通知 |url=http://rfi.my/6558 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114358/https://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/20200618-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E6%A8%93-%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%88%E7%84%A1%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=法國國際廣播電台}}</ref>
+
+The Korean diplomatic personnel dormitory adjacent to the office was also affected by the impact of the explosion, resulting in a collapse of the outer wall of the dormitory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮炸聯絡辦公室 毁對韓友好象徵 金與正3天前放狠話 研重新部署非軍事區兵力 |url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200617/s00014/1592332755313 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114402/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200617/s00014/1592332755313/%e6%9c%9d%e9%ae%ae%e7%82%b8%e8%81%af%e7%b5%a1%e8%be%a6%e5%85%ac%e5%ae%a4-%e6%af%81%e5%b0%8d%e9%9f%93%e5%8f%8b%e5%a5%bd%e8%b1%a1%e5%be%b5-%e9%87%91%e8%88%87%e6%ad%a33%e5%a4%a9%e5%89%8d%e6%94%be%e7%8b%a0%e8%a9%b1-%e7%a0%94%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e9%83%a8%e7%bd%b2%e9%9d%9e%e8%bb%8d%e4%ba%8b%e5%8d%80%e5%85%b5%e5%8a%9b |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=明報}}</ref> According to the photos taken by the television station, [[Korean Broadcasting System]], on June 17 at a height of about 2000 meters in the no-fly zone along the [[Military Demarcation Line|military demarcation line]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=開城工業園綜合支援中心受損 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200618021100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200618021100881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-01 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> it was also found that the comprehensive support center for the Kaesong Industrial Area near the office was also affected and seriously damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |title=炸毀韓朝聯絡辦仍不夠 朝鮮恐拆開城工業區 |url=https://www.exmoo.com/article/151354.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194813/https://www.exmoo.com/article/151354.html |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-08-01 |publisher=澳門力報}}</ref> On June 19th, South Korean government sources told the "''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Korea JoongAng Daily]]''" that after analyzing the images of the South Korean army and the North Korean official media, it was found that the [[TNT]] explosives set up by the North Korean explosion should amount to hundreds of kilograms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正命令讓北韓軍方怕了！ 兩韓聯辦4層樓「竟裝數百kg炸藥」應 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200619/1741595.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114400/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200619/1741595.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref>
+
+== Aftereffects ==
+
+=== Inter-Korean Relations ===
+On June 15, the President of the Republic of Korea, Moon Jae-in, proposed to the DPRK to send the head of the Korean National Security Agency, Jung Eui-yong, and the head of the [[National Intelligence Service (South Korea)|Korean National Intelligence Service]], [[Suh Hoon|Suh Hoon,]] as special envoys to meet with the chairman of the Korean Labor Party, [[Kim Jong-un]], but on June 17, the DPRK rejected the proposal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅向北韓提議派遣特使遭拒 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640734 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619075950/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640734 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> In response to North Korea's unilateral message that it wanted to send envoys, Moon said that although the act was a bit too much, he would continue to explore ways to break through the Korean impasse in order to keep persuading North Korea and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=評金與正粉碎韓聯辦「太超過」：我很努力耶 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200617/1740085.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025240/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200617/1740085.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> Under the situation where relations between North and South Korea continue to deteriorate, South Korean Minister of Unification Kim Yeon Jik resigned on the 17th taking responsibility for the degradation of inter-Korean relations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正嗆文在寅 拒南韓特使 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1380457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618090718/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1380457 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The spokesman of the Blue House, Kang Min Seok, said in a press conference on the morning of 19th that Moon Jae-in agreed to his resignation and said that Moon Jae-in had dinner with Kim Yain Tie on the evening of 18th and listened to Kim Yain Tie's position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部長辭職 文在寅批准 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4646160 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412112229/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4646160 |archive-date=2021-04-12 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref>
+
+After the North Korean government bombed the office, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the united front of the Korean Labor Party, said that there would be no more exchanges, cooperations or even talks between the two Koreas in the future, adding that "everything that has happened between the two sides should be treated as a dream",<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央统一战线部长：再也没有与南朝鲜可商谈的事 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=28879 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123625/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=28879 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2020-06-17 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> while the North Korean government continued to push forward military measures and said through the official media that it had prepared more than 3,000 balloons and 12 million leaflets for "retaliatory punishment".<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓「報復性懲罰」 對南韓撒1200萬張反韓傳單 |url=https://inews.hket.com/article/2676706/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://inews.hket.com/article/2676706/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=香港經濟日報}}</ref> The leaflets were published with a picture of Moon drinking tea, a string of mocking words and a lot of smoked cigarette butts on the end.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓最新報復行動曝！ 在文在寅臉上丟菸蒂 打包空飄回敬南韓 |url=https://fnc.ebc.net.tw/FncNews/world/121294 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114404/https://fnc.ebc.net.tw/FncNews/world/121294 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=東森新聞}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=传单宣传战：朝鲜准备向韩国发大量"惩罚传单" |url=https://www.dw.com/zh/传单宣传战朝鲜准备向韩国发大量惩罚传单/a-53881765 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626145219/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%95%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%90%91%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%91%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8F%E6%83%A9%E7%BD%9A%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%95/a-53881765 |archive-date=2020-06-26 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=德國之聲}}</ref> The South Korean military said it will pay close attention to how the North Koreans act and the way they take action, and then return with any possible military response.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝3000氣球派韓1200萬張傳單 |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2020/06/23/GJ2006230013.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114404/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2020/06/23/GJ2006230013.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-24 |publisher=文匯報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓將散發傳單報復 南韓緊繃：不排除軍事行動 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623191452/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205948 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |access-date=2020-06-24 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The South Korean military also found that the North Korean government has reinstalled loudspeakers for "[[Psychological warfare]]" in non-military areas, indicating that the two sides' previous efforts to improve relations have returned to square one<ref>{{Cite web |title=重啟「心戰喊話」 南韓軍方：北韓正重新安裝擴音器 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205619 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211126033509/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205619 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref>.
+
+Kim Jong-un, Chairman of the Korean Labor Party, presided over the preparatory meeting of the 5th meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 23 and decided to suspend the implementation of the military action plan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩終於現身！放話「暫緩」軍事行動 |url=https://www.ctwant.com/article/58268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194944/https://www.ctwant.com/article/58268 |archive-date=2020-06-26 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=CTWANT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩當和事佬擱置對南韓軍事行動 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202006240016.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194958/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202006240016.aspx |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> Some official media also deleted critical reports on the Korean authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮突然改變態度，金正恩下令“暫緩對韓軍事行動” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/home/article/all/20200625/2101365/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114413/https://www.donga.com/tw/home/article/all/20200625/2101365/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A%E6%85%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%BB%A4-%E6%9A%AB%E7%B7%A9%E5%B0%8D%E9%9F%93%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The Korean media "Central Daily" pointed out that North Korea had observed the dismantling and reinstallation of loudspeakers at the Peace Observatory in [[Ganghwa County]], [[Incheon]] Prefecture, while South Korean Congressman Kim Yong Ho expressed through the media,<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩這回唱白臉！坐鎮中央軍委宣布「暫緩對韓行動」 |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2792720 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://www.storm.mg/article/2792720 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=風傳媒}}</ref> South Korea's Vice Minister of Unification, Xu Hu, confirmed that the DPRK had completely removed loudspeakers in the border areas when attending a private forum of the National Committee on Foreign Affairs Unification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮暫緩對韓軍事行動意圖受關注 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200624004200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105195012/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200624004200881 |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> After the suspension of critical reporting, the North Korean official media had not published any reports directly criticizing the South Korean government as of July 5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓媒體連12天沒發文批評南韓政府 引發關注 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4680508 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114446/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4680508 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-06 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref> The North Korean foreign media only resumed writing articles criticizing the South Korean military and political parties on June 26.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮外宣媒體時隔兩天恢復對韓抨擊 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/east/article/all/20200627/2103500/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114412/https://www.donga.com/tw/east/article/all/20200627/2103500/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E5%AE%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E6%99%82%E9%9A%94%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A9%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E5%B0%8D%E9%9F%93%E6%8A%A8%E6%93%8A |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-30 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓官媒連12天未批評文在寅政府 韓媒分析直指這原因 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4680144 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114431/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4680144 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-06 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref>
+
+On June 25, the 70th anniversary of the [[Korean War]], South Korean President Moon Jae-in gave a speech, saying that he would protect the lives and security of his people at all costs and that Seoul has a strong all-round national defense force that will not tolerate any provocation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓不按牌理出招！ 文在寅硬起來首次向平壤示警 |url=https://www.ctwant.com/article/58775 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.ctwant.com/article/58775 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=CTWANT}}</ref> the first warning message to Pyongyang authorities since Moon took office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅首次向平壤發出警告 |url=http://globalnewstv.com.tw/202006/112779/?doing_wp_cron=1593233334.4130640029907226562500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/http://globalnewstv.com.tw/202006/112779/?doing_wp_cron=1593233334.4130640029907226562500 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=寰宇新聞}}</ref> The Korean Foreign Ministry's Institute for Disarmament and Peace Research released a research report on the same day, saying that the withdrawal of the U.S. policy of hostility towards North Korea is the prerequisite for maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula,<ref>{{Cite web |title=平壤批美國敵視與日俱增 稱北韓絕不退縮 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2069593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114415/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2069593 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> and that the U.S. started the Korean War to cause the pain of national division on the Korean Peninsula, which is why North Korea is determined to take the path of nuclear self-defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓戰70週年的北韓感言：我們會發展核武，全都是被陰狠的美帝逼出來的 |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2798740 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114413/https://www.storm.mg/article/2798740 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=風傳媒}}</ref> The Korean Defense Minister [[Jeong Kyeong-doo]] and U.S. Defense Secretary [[Mark Esper]] issued a joint statement on the same day, calling on the North Korean authorities to exercise self-restraint and decide to maintain peace and security in Northeast Asia through trilateral and multilateral security cooperation between South Korea, the United States and Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓戰70週年 韓美聯合聲明堅守朝鮮半島和平 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006250123.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114410/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006250123.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=中央社}}</ref>
+
+On July 8, Korean lawyer Lee Kyung-jae filed a lawsuit against Kim Woong-jung and Park Jung-tien, the chief of staff of the Korean People's Army, for damaging Korean public property.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦 料再度激怒北韓 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦+料再度激怒北韓/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723143050/https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6+%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E5%BA%A6%E6%BF%80%E6%80%92%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2020-07-23 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=加拿大星島日報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717075318/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx |archive-date=2020-07-17 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> Lee Kyung-jae said that although the Korean government cannot actually punish Kim and Park, it wants to show the Korean people the hypocrisy of their leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113023442/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403 |archive-date=2021-01-13 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓檢方立案，就金與正下令炸毁兩韓聯絡辦作刑事調查 |url=https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114411/https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=端傳媒}}</ref>
+
+On July 27, 2021, Park Soo-hyun, chief secretary for national communication at the Blue House in South Korea, said that the communication channel between the DPRK and the [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] (ROK) was restored and that this is the first time that the leaders of both sides have reached an agreement on restarting the communication channel after repeatedly discussing the restoration of [[North Korea–South Korea relations]] through correspondence since April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南北韩通信联络线27日上午重新开通 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72367 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031152/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72367 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> The [[Korean Central News Agency|Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)]] also issued a communiqué on the same day,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社公报：采取措施重启北南通讯联络线 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123940/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> stating that the whole nation is looking forward to the early restoration of North-South relations on the Korean Peninsula, which are in a state of frustration and stagnation, and reached an agreement on a major step towards restoring mutual trust and reconciliation by restoring the severed communication channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社：朝韩首脑近期多次来往亲笔信，朝韩将重启所有通讯联络线 |url=https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031218/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=環球時報}}</ref> After the interruption of the communication channel between the two Koreas, the DPRK side had not responded to the daily messages sent to the ROK side through the International Merchant Marine Network (IMN), but seven days after the restoration of the communication channel,<ref>{{Cite web |title=南北韩东海地区军事通信线恢复正常 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820013828/http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409 |archive-date=2021-08-20 |access-date=2021-08-03 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> the DPRK side responded to the IMN calls, which also led to the full restoration of the military communication channel between the two Koreas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韩首次回应韩方国际商船通信网呼叫 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72470 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031204/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72470 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-03 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> On August 1, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Korean Labor Party,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央委员会副部长金与正发表谈话 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822121114/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> said that the reopening of the communication channel was only a physical link and that no other implications could be added, noting that "premature speculation and unfounded explanations will only bring disappointment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金与正发表谈话：朝鲜政府和军队将密切注视韩国再搞军演，或作出果断决断！ |url=https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031222/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=環球時報}}</ref>
+
+In an authorized statement on August 10, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Labor Party of Korea, said that the DPRK was "strongly dismayed by the treacherous behavior of the South Korean authorities" as the U.S. and South Korea insisted on starting joint military exercises that further aggravated the unstable situation despite the unanimous condemnation and opposition from inside and outside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央副部长金与正发表谈话 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031150/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正抨擊韓美聯合軍演是“南朝-{}-鮮的背信棄義” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20210811/2847547/1 |archive-url=https://archive.is/NfBYR |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=東亞日報}}</ref> Then, at 5 p.m. that day, the DPRK side did not answer the routine phone calls made by the South Korean side through the liaison office channel and the East-West Sea military communication line, cutting off the communication channel again after only 14 days, which had been restored on July 27.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜拒接韩方联络电话或对韩美联演表不满 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210810005700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210810005700881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> On the following day, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the Unification Front Department of the Korean Labor Party, issued a statement through the Korean Central News Agency,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央部长金英哲发表谈话 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822124442/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-11 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> saying that the Korean side had given up the opportunity to improve inter-Korean relations and had reciprocated the North's goodwill with hostile acts, pointing out that Kim Woong-jung, the deputy minister of the Central Committee, had been commissioned by the party's Central Committee to issue a statement on the first day as an opportunity for the North to give the Korean side a choice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮批韓美聯演稱將讓韓方面臨安全危機 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> In this regard, the Korean Ministry of Unification issued a position on the same day after consolidating the positions of relevant departments, saying that it is not in the interest of any party to aggravate tensions on the Korean peninsula and urging the DPRK to restart dialogue as soon as possible, and that the ROK will not prejudge the direction of the DPRK's response in the future, but will continue to pay close attention to relevant movements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓回應朝談話：加劇緊張無好處 需重啟對話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref>
+
+On September 29, Kim Jong-un, chairman of the Korean Workers' Party, delivered a policy speech on "the current direction of struggle for new development of socialist construction" at the 5th session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK,<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩同志发表历史性施政演说《关于争取社会主义建设新发展的当前斗争方向》 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-09-30-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124102912/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-09-30-0001 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> pointing out that the pipeline between the two sides is expected to be restored in early October of the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩稱10月將重啟韓朝聯絡渠道 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930000400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006112237/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930000400881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> The government's position on the issue was published by the Unification Ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：期待韓朝通信聯絡渠道運營穩定 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930003100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930055326/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930003100881 |archive-date=2021-09-30 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺對金正恩表示恢復通信聯絡持謹慎態度 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930004300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930181306/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930004300881 |archive-date=2021-09-30 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> On October 4, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) issued a communiqué stating that all communication lines were reopened at 9:00 p.m. that day, and that the relevant South Korean authorities should be aware of the significance of the reopening.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社发表公报 - 主体110(2021)年 10月 4日 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-10-04-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124150256/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-10-04-0001 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> The Korean Ministry of Unification also confirmed on the same day that the North-South Joint Liaison Office and the South Korean military had resumed normal bilateral communication,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓朝通信渠道今恢復正常通話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004000900881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006091456/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004000900881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> while Blue House did not formally state its position on the resumption of communication between the two sides, but only responded to the position expressed by the Ministry of Unification and the Ministry of National Defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺就韓朝恢復通信渠道持謹慎態度 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004001300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006092403/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004001300881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref>
+
+=== Japanese and U.S. Approaches ===
+On June 16, The [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister of Japan]], [[Shinzo Abe]], said he would "work closely with South Korea and the United States and analyze intelligence to respond" after being informed of the bombing of the inter-Korean liaison office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=安倍表示不希望韓朝關係緊張加劇 |url=https://tchina.kyodonews.net/news/2020/06/684da8ed4996.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622233319/https://tchina.kyodonews.net/news/2020/06/684da8ed4996.html |archive-date=2020-06-22 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=共同社}}</ref> while the [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] [[Yoshihide Suga]] said at a press conference on June 17 that the Japanese government was very concerned about North Korea's actions and that it was "maintaining the necessary alert posture in order to be fully prepared for all incidents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓邊境派兵 菅義偉：日本高度關注 正維持必要警戒 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4641801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114441/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4641801 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref>
+
+The [[United States Department of State]] issued a statement saying that the North Korean authorities should avoid further counterproductive actions and said it decided to extend sanctions against North Korea for one year,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國國務院：“朝鮮應避免產生反效果的進壹步行動” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200618/2094930/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114420/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200618/2094930/1/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2%EF%BC%9A-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%87%89%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%B9%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> the fourth time since President [[Donald Trump]] took office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國指北韓對美構成威脅 宣布將對北韓制裁延長一年 |url=https://news.now.com/home/international/player?newsId=394908 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://news.now.com/home/international/player?newsId=394908 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=now新聞}}</ref> because North Korea's actions and policies continue to pose "an unusual and extraordinary threat" to U.S. national security, foreign policy and the economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=特朗普延長對朝制裁行政命令，凍結與朝鮮進行交易的個人和企業在美國的資產等 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200619/2095968/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200619/2095968/1/%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE%E5%BB%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%EF%BC%8C%E5%87%8D%E7%B5%90%E8%88%87%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E7%9A%84%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E7%AD%89 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The U.S. Department of Defense said it will actively discuss with South Korea the feasibility of joint military exercises.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國：“就展開戰略資產與重啟韓美軍演，持續與韓國討論” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200620/2097010/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200620/2097010/1/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%9A-%E5%B0%B1%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E8%88%87%E9%87%8D%E5%95%9F%E9%9F%93%E7%BE%8E%E8%BB%8D%E6%BC%94%EF%BC%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%88%87%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref>
+
+Korean military sources pointed out on June 17 that [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[Lockheed EP-3|EP-3E]] electronic reconnaissance aircraft and U.S. Army RC-12X reconnaissance aircraft stationed in Korea were flying over the Korean Capital Territory on that day to implement surveillance and reconnaissance missions against North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美軍偵察機飛臨韓半島加強對朝監視 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114424/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> A military aircraft tracking site said the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] [[Boeing RC-135|RC-135W]] reconnaissance aircraft in the morning of the 18th over the Korean capital circle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美軍偵察機連日飛臨韓半島加強對朝監視 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619004804/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003600881 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> On June 22, the military aircraft tracking website also pointed out that two [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] Stratospheric Fortress bombers were observed flying from [[Alaska]]'s Aisin base to the [[Philippine Sea]] via Japan, which was seen as a measure to warn the North Korean side.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮安裝高音喇叭的當天，美B-52轟炸機再次在韓半島附近展開 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/article/all/20200624/2100348/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114453/https://www.donga.com/tw/article/all/20200624/2100348/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%9D%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%87%E5%8F%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%95%B6%E5%A4%A9%EF%BC%8C%E7%BE%8EB-52%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F%E5%86%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%9C%A8%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E9%99%84%E8%BF%91%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The U.S. Air Force released photos of a joint [[Elephant walk (aeronautics)|elephant walk]] exercise with the [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|Japanese Air Self-Defense Force]] at [[Misawa Air Base|Misawa Airfield]] in [[Aomori Prefecture]] on the 23rd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=「大象走路」 美日同盟秀戰力 |url=https://www.ydn.com.tw/News/387650 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114423/https://www.ydn.com.tw/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=青年日報}}</ref>
+
+=== Other Reactions ===
+Following the bombing of the North-South Joint Liaison Office, [[Russia|Russian]] [[Kremlin]] spokesman Dmitry Sergeyevich Peskov issued a statement expressing concern about the situation on the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]] and calling on both Koreas to remain calm,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 俄羅斯呼籲雙方克制 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4640180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619210522/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4640180 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref> but at this stage the Russian government has no plans to help ease tensions on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正狠炸兩韓聯辦 克里姆林宮：為朝鮮半島局勢感到擔憂 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739333.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114439/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739333.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> The European Union issued a statement on the matter, stating that it deeply regretted the recent actions of North Korea and said that the Pyongyang authorities should refrain from further provocative and destructive actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 美國歐盟籲勿再躁動 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006170046.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715151626/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006170046.aspx |archive-date=2020-07-15 |access-date=2020-08-02 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> The [[European Union]] reiterated its support for the Korean government's efforts to achieve peace and prosperity on the peninsula and the need to reignite dialogue between the parties,<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅將同歐盟領導人舉行視頻會談 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114424/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003700881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> according to a joint press release issued after a video conference between EU Summit President Charles Michel and [[President of the European Commission|EU Executive Committee President]] Ursula von der Leyen on June 30 and President Moon Jae-in of the Republic of Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅與歐盟領導人視頻會晤 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200630006000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114423/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200630006000881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China]] is also working with the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) to improve the relationship between the two countries,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 中國：盼保持和平穩定 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006160212.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114428/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006160212.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中國駐韓大使：韓朝血濃於水應努力保持對話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114448/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> [[President of the Republic of China|The president of the Republic of China]], Tsai Ing-wen, said that the government of the Republic of China is closely concerned about the development of the border conflict between China and India and the tension on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡總統：關注中印衝突朝鮮半島局勢 維區域和平 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202006200086.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114452/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202006200086.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=中印、朝鮮局勢緊張 蔡總統：國軍是捍衛主權最重要力量 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3203801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621090326/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3203801 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The government has also issued a statement saying that the national security team is closely monitoring the latest developments and is in constant contact with all relevant countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓發狠「炸爛」兩韓聯絡辦公室 總統府說話了 |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=762778 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621191855/https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=762778 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=三立新聞}}</ref>
+
+== Related Disputes ==
+
+=== Airborne flyers controversial content ===
+The message pointed out that the flyer floated to North Korea was related to the malicious [[photograph manipulation]] of Kim Jong-un's wife, [[Ri Sol-ju]], as the protagonist of a [[pornographic film]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=李雪主遭合成AV女優 北韓氣炸大動作報復 |url=https://news.tvbs.com.tw/world/1340246 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619065438/https://news.tvbs.com.tw/world/1340246 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=TVBS}}</ref> and that South Korean netizens did not approve of the flyer's content and considered it crazy and bad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=脫北者團體發反朝宣傳單 驚見李雪主被P圖成AV女優 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640844 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702225101/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640844 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> The named "Free Korean Movement Alliance" said that the leaflet was not produced by it, and pointed out that the leaflet had appeared in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓金與正暴怒暗示開戰 竟是為了李雪主 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200614003064-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615220508/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200614003064-260408 |archive-date=2020-06-15 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=中國時報}}</ref> According to a check by the Korean media outlet World Journal, it was confirmed that the malicious leaflet was put out by extreme conservative groups such as Pyongyang Citizens' Association and Blue Union in October 2013 when [[Park Geun-hye]] was in power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=難怪會生氣！空飄傳單驚見「李雪主赤裸拍AV」 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200614/1737510.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614135643/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200614/1737510.htm |archive-date=2020-06-14 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=ETToday}}</ref>
+
+=== Concerns about violations of free speech ===
+On July 17, the Ministry of Unification of Korea officially revoked the permission for the establishment of the "Free North Korea Movement Alliance" and "Daechuan", a group of North Korean defector groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=青瓦台要嚴懲散發反北韓傳單 人權組織批：向平壤「叩頭」 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3195121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614081911/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3195121 |archive-date=2020-06-14 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The government also said that the groups are not in line with the purpose of their establishment,<ref>{{Cite web |title=脫北者團體散布傳單惹怒平壤 南韓政府撤設立許可 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4710304 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801050749/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4710304 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> but also endanger the safety of residents in the border areas of Korea and North Korea, and aggravate the tension in the peninsula, which is detrimental to national interests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部取消兩家空飄反朝傳單脫北者團體設立許可 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200717004100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802034511/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200717004100881 |archive-date=2020-08-02 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The US government is of the opinion that South Korea is giving in to North Korea's demands and abandoning its dignity as an exemplary democracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅壓迫脫北者人權？挨批「跪舔北韓」 美朝野：南韓真的是民主國家？ |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200719/1764157.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111024411/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200719/1764157.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=ETToday}}</ref>
+
+== Subsequent Actions ==
+
+=== Korean government draws fire for new law ===
+On December 3, 2020, the ruling United [[Democratic Party of Korea|Democratic Party]] (UDP) sent a draft of the "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" to the [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly of Korea]] for scrutiny, which covers the prohibition of propaganda shouting through leaflets and loudspeakers against the North Korean side in border areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓擬修法禁對北韓灑傳單、廣播 在野黨轟：金與正下的法令 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3370000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021209/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3370000 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> However, the bill is strongly supported by the Common [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and suppresses the opposition's views, causing dissatisfaction among the opposition parties in Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓経：韓国与党「金与正下命」議論の「対北朝鮮ビラ禁止法」強行 |url=https://japanese.joins.com/JArticle/272963?sectcode=510&servcode=500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111024435/https://japanese.joins.com/JArticle/272963?sectcode=510&servcode=500 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=中央日報}}</ref> U.S. Republican Congressman [[Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)|Chris Smith]] expressed concern over the implementation of the bill by the South Korean parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓立法禁向北韓散布傳單 脫北者不服將訴願 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5094404 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021211/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5094404 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> In response to concerns about infringement of freedom of speech, South Korean Foreign Minister [[Kang Kyung-wha]] said in an interview with CNN that freedom of speech is crucial to human rights, but it does not mean that it is unquestionable, but needs to be restricted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FM says freedom of expression can be limited over leafleting ban |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201217001000325 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021244/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201217001000325 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+After the bill was passed on Dec. 14, the [[Fighters for a Free North Korea]], a group of defectors, said it would file a lawsuit against the bill for unconstitutionality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓立法禁向北韓發傳單 |url=https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/7645709 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021215/https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/7645709-%e5%8d%97%e9%9f%93%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e7%a6%81%e5%90%91%e5%8c%97%e9%9f%93%e7%99%bc%e5%82%b3%e5%96%ae |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=巴士的報}}</ref> The American [[Human Rights Foundation]] stated that it had sent letters to the National Assembly, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Unification Ministry, the ruling United Democratic Party and the largest opposition party, the [[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power Party]], before the December 9 debate on the bill, stating that the bill infringes on freedom of speech and is unconstitutional.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Korean Government Criminalizes North Korean Human Rights Activism |url=https://hrf.org/press_posts/south-korean-government-criminalizes-north-korean-human-rights-activism/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215235613/https://hrf.org/press_posts/south-korean-government-criminalizes-north-korean-human-rights-activism/ |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=美國人權基金會}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] called the bill a misguided strategy to win the favor of Kim Jong-un.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓禁反北韓傳單 脫北者誓言挑戰不惜入獄 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2086895 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021214/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2086895 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> After the passage of the bill, the Unification Ministry of Korea said that although freedom of speech is provided for in the Korean constitution, the safety of people's lives at the border is more important, and pointed out that the new law only restricts some forms of freedom of speech at a minimum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩统一部：边民生命安全重于言论自由 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20201215003000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229131436/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20201215003000881 |archive-date=2020-12-29 |access-date=2020-12-29 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+At the end of March 2021, the amended "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" came into effect, which prohibits the delivery of anti-North Korean leaflets and loudspeaker shouting along the military demarcation line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓政府：努力向美方說明禁發反朝傳單法宗旨 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210409004300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081602/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210409004300881 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社vv}}</ref> The Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the hearing did not affect the Korea-US alliance,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国会15日举行“禁止对北韩散发传单法”视频听证会 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081601/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71234 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韩国国际广播电台}}</ref> and pointed out that the Korean government will continue to introduce the purpose of the law to the U.S. Congress,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国国会开听证会讨论韩国禁发对朝传单 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210416001700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418175908/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210416001700881 |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> the State Department and human rights groups and other relevant parties, and strive for the Korean government's position to be fully reflected in this hearing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：美反朝傳單法聽證會不影響同盟關係 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210415003400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081609/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210415003400881 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>
+
+In response to the Korean government's amendment, the [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] wrote to the Korean government expressing concern about the negative impact of the law on the right to freedom of expression and the legitimate activities of some civil society groups and human rights advocates in Korea,<ref>{{Cite web |title=联合国特别报告员：“对北韩传单禁止法”或侵害言论自由 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71376 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111031140/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71376 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韩国国际广播电台}}</ref> and requesting information on whether the amendment complies with [[international human rights law]] and the scope of illegal activities under the amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=联合国北韩人权报告员：了解限制对北韩散发传单的必要性 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71569 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081625/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref> The UN Special Rapporteur on North Korea, Tomas Ojea Quintana, said last December that he had recommended that South Korea reconsider the amendment in accordance with the due process of the relevant democratic institutions before implementing the law. In protest, the Alliance for a Free North Korea Movement, a group of defectors, again dropped 500,000 flyers from April 25 to 29 along the military demarcation line from [[Paju]] City, [[Gyeonggi Province]], to [[Gangwon Province, South Korea|Gangwon Province]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-30 |title=涉空飄50萬張反朝傳單 脫北者組織違韓朝關係法 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610105243/https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2021-06-10 |access-date=2021-05-06 |publisher=Sing Tao Daily 星島日報加拿大}}</ref>
+
+== See also ==
+
+* [[Korean reunification]]
+* [[Korean conflict]]
+* [[Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea]]
+
+== Notes ==
+"Psychological warfare shouting" is one of the specific tools of psychological warfare in the battlefield, combining with other psychological warfare actions to respond to military operations.
+
+== References ==
+<references />
' |
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0 => '{{Short description|none}}',
1 => '',
2 => '{{Infobox civilian attack',
3 => '| title = Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing',
4 => '| location = {{DPRK}}[[Kaesong Industrial Area]] [[ Inter-Korean Liaison Office]]',
5 => '| date = 2020-06-16',
6 => '| partof = [[Korean People's Army]]',
7 => '| image = ',
8 => '| alt = ',
9 => '| caption = ',
10 => '| coordinates = {{Coord|37|55|58.7|N|126|37|18.7|E|display=inline,title}}',
11 => '| time = ',
12 => '| timezone = ',
13 => '| target = ',
14 => '| type = [[Demolition|Demolition attack]]',
15 => '| weapons = ',
16 => '| fatalities = ',
17 => '| injuries = ',
18 => '| perps = [[金与正]]',
19 => '| motive = North Korea claims South Korea violated Article 2(1) of the [[Panmunjom Declaration]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=朝鲜劳动党中央委员会第一副部长金与正发表谈话|url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=cfodoc&stype=0&ctype=0&lang=chn&mtype=view&no=28883|accessdate=2020-06-19|author=|date=2020-06-18|format=|publisher=《由我们民族自己》|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627194329/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=cfodoc&stype=0&ctype=0&lang=chn&mtype=view&no=28883|archive-date=2020-06-27|dead-url=no}}</ref>',
20 => '| verdict = Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombed<br/>[[Inter-Korean relations|Korean relations]] deteriorate, [[Korean Peninsula]] tense',
21 => '}}',
22 => '',
23 => ''''Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing''' (Korean: 남북공동연락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident, Korean: 북남공동련락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident) refers to the bombing of the Inter-Korean Liaison Office located in [[Kaesong Industrial Region|Kaesong]], [http://North%20Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea] on June 16, 2020. The two Koreas decided to close the office on January 30 in response to the development of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|2019 coronavirus outbreak]], and the Korean staff left on the same day. However, during the closure of the Joint Liaison Office, the North Koreans were dissatisfied with a group of [[North Korean defectors|defectors]] [[Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea|spreading leaflets]] along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|demilitarized zone]] and sent the [[Korean People's Army]] to blow up the building on June 16, accusing South Korea's violation of the [[Panmunjom Declaration]], a move that is said to have worsened [[North Korea–South Korea relations]] and strained the situation on the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]].',
24 => '',
25 => '== Background ==',
26 => '',
27 => 'After the signing of the Panmunjom Declaration at the [[Inter-Korean summits|inter-Korean Summit in April 2018]], the two sides agreed to establish a "permanent liaison office".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-13 |title=남북공동연락사무소: 드디어 문 열리는 남북공동연락사무소 |url=https://www.bbc.com/korean/international-45503094 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521115217/https://www.bbc.com/korean/international-45503094 |archive-date=2019-05-21 |access-date=2018-09-13 |website=BBC}}</ref> However, due to the visit of [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]] to North Korea, the office initially scheduled to open in August 2018 was postponed to open on September 14 officially.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-16 |title=「兩韓聯辦」揭幕、24小時聯絡無阻 |url=https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=48200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114311/https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=48200 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-01 |website=上報}}</ref> Following the breakdown of the [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit]], the firm faced a long-term suspension, but this did not affect the twice-daily communication between the liaison officers of the two sides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-05 |title=韩朝联办主任会议仍停摆 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20190905003200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131155213/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20190905003200881 |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-01-31 |website=[[韓國聯合通訊社]]}}</ref>',
28 => '',
29 => 'In 2020, South Korea and North Korea decided to close their offices on January 30 in response to the development of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓朝開城聯絡辦因肺炎疫情暫時關閉 |url=http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2020/0130/806270.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206060213/http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2020/0130/806270.shtml |archive-date=2020-02-06 |access-date=2020-07-29}}</ref> and South Korean staff left on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-30 |title=韩统一部：开城韩朝联办韩方人员今将返韩 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200130006600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131155211/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200130006600881 |archive-date=2020-01-31 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> During the closure of the office, the South Korean side still had twice daily conversations with the North Korean authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-28 |title=韩官员预测韩朝有望讨论重启联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200428002700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509001041/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200428002700881 |archive-date=2020-05-09 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> The South Korean Unification Ministry stated that the relevant personnel of the office was transferred to [[Seoul]] to continue operations after the closure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-06 |title=统一部：疫情过后将与朝方讨论重启联办事宜 |url=https://www.yazhouribao.com/view/20200506104652221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111030903/https://www.yazhouribao.com/view/20200506104652221 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=亚洲日报}}</ref>',
30 => '',
31 => '=== North Korea's dissatisfaction with South Korea's actions ===',
32 => 'On June 4, 2020, [[Kim Yo-jong]], an alternate member of the [[Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea|Political Bureau of the Central Committee]] of the [[Workers' Party of Korea]] and the First Vice Minister of the [[Organization and Guidance Department]], said that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was dissatisfied with a group of [[North Korean defectors|defectors]] sending 500,000 leaflets, 50 manuals, 2,000 [[United States one-dollar bill|$1 bills]], and 1,000 [[Memory card|memory cards]] along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|Korean demilitarized zone]] on May 31 toward the DPRK, and demanded to immediately improve the situation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正怒了！嗆韓將面臨3最壞局面 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604002538-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619235627/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604002538-260408 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=中國時報}}</ref> Subsequently, a spokesman for the [[United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea]] unilaterally announced the closure of the inter-Korean Liaison Office the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜宣布将坚决关闭韩朝联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200606000100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114323/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200606000100881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> [[Kim Yong-chol]], vice chairman of the [[Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea]], pointed out at a central government meeting that the dissemination of the leaflets was a hostile act in violation of the inter-Korean peace agreement, and therefore cut off all communication channels with the Korean authorities on June 9.<ref>{{Cite web |title=今午起全面切斷與南韓通訊管道 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4622872 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609175247/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4622872 |archive-date=2020-06-09 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=聯合報}}</ref>',
33 => '',
34 => 'On June 12, the Director General of the United States Affairs of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)]], Quan Zhenggen, condemned the remarks made by the South Korean side regarding efforts for the DPRK US dialogue and denuclearization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮外務省：韓國無資格談無核化 統戰部：不信任韓國 |url=http://www.rfi.fr/cn/亞洲/20200613-朝鮮外務省-韓國無資格談無核化-統戰部-不信任韓國 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619170407/http://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/20200613-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81-%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E8%B3%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%87%E7%84%A1%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96-%E7%B5%B1%E6%88%B0%E9%83%A8-%E4%B8%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%BB%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=法國國際廣播電台}}</ref> The United Front Minister of the Korean Labor Party, Kim Young-chol, also issued a statement stating that he felt distrust of the inaction of the South Korean government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝統戰部部長：説話不算數！朝鮮無法信任韓國 |url=http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/13/ARTIcViOstTLlJkB5z0qWcTw200613.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114313/http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/13/ARTIcViOstTLlJkB5z0qWcTw200613.shtml |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=CCTV}}</ref> Subsequently, in a speech on June 13th, Kim Yo-jong once again criticized South Korea for ignoring bilateral relations and conniving with defectors, saying that it was "the time to say goodbye" to the South Korean government, authorizing the [[Korean People's Army]] to decide on a continuation of the enemy's actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正威脅與韓訣別 交軍方行動 |url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/國際/article/20200615/s00014/1592159880087/金與正威脅與韓訣別-交軍方行動 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617053701/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200615/s00014/1592159880087/%e9%87%91%e8%88%87%e6%ad%a3%e5%a8%81%e8%84%85%e8%88%87%e9%9f%93%e8%a8%a3%e5%88%a5-%e4%ba%a4%e8%bb%8d%e6%96%b9%e8%a1%8c%e5%8b%95 |archive-date=2020-06-17 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=明報}}</ref> Kim Yo-jong also pointed out in his speech on the same day that "in the near future, the useless joint liaison office between the North and the South will disappear".<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党副部长金与正：已到与韩诀别之际 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200613000400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613175554/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200613000400881 |archive-date=2020-06-13 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> ',
35 => '',
36 => '=== South Korea's response to North Korea's measures ===',
37 => 'After the South Korean government was informed of the North's dissatisfaction, the [[Ministry of Unification]] spokesman Roh Sang-ki said at a regular press conference on June 4 that the act of spreading anti-DPRK leaflets threatened the safety of people and property in the border area and that the government was studying an effective plan in this regard and called on people not to spread anti-DPRK leaflets at the border.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部 籲民眾勿在邊境散佈反北韓傳單 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4612976 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604122845/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4612976 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=聯合報}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)]] spokesman Choi Hyun-soo said at a regular press conference that the South Korean government has not changed its position on the implementation of the Pyongyang Joint Declaration, which was signed by the two Koreas on September 19, 2018, in response to the North's unilateral threat to dismantle the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩国防部：坚持履行韩朝军事协议立场不变 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200604004600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604074755/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200604004600881 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>',
38 => '',
39 => 'At a regular press conference in the morning of June 8, the Korean Ministry of Unification said that according to the routine business arrangement of the inter-Korean Liaison Office, the two Koreas talk once a day in the morning and once in the afternoon, but in the morning of that day, the North did not answer the phone, which was the first time that the North did not answer the phone after the establishment of the office in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：韓朝聯辦朝方人員未接韓方電話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20200608014500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114314/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/MYH20200608014500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> On the following day, a regular press conference of the Ministry of Unification of Korea stated that the DPRK answered the phone on the afternoon of the 8th, but did not mention why they did not took the call in the morning and said that the two sides should maintain communication channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部：南北韓應維持聯繫渠道 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4298891/2020-06-08/news-南韓統一部：南北韓應維持聯繫渠道/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114314/https://www.singtao.ca/4298891/2020-06-08/news-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%EF%BC%9A%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%E6%87%89%E7%B6%AD%E6%8C%81%E8%81%AF%E7%B9%AB%E6%B8%A0%E9%81%93/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=星島日報}}</ref> The North Korean government subsequently cut all communication channels with the South Korean authorities on June 9, and the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] held a press conference that afternoon, saying that it would closely monitor changes in inter-Korean relations with the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩外交部：与美方密切沟通朝鲜断联 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200609004000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114316/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200609004000881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> In response to the unilateral cut-off, Blue House only said that the inter-Korean communication channels "should continue to be maintained and used according to a mutual agreement",<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓翻臉 韓媒：首爾對朝政策被逼入死角 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200613000017-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114317/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200613000017-260408?chdtv |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=中國時報}}</ref> prompting the opposition [[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power Party]] to criticize the Moon Jae-in administration for adopting a low-profile toward North Korea and allowing North Korea to take advantage of it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓斷訊 文在寅的試煉 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4627805 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114343/https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4627805 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=聯合社}}</ref>',
40 => '',
41 => 'On June 10, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea reported two groups of defectors who had violated the regulations on the distribution of leaflets to the DPRK under the Korean Exchange and Cooperation Act and decided to cancel their registration licenses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部舉報兩家脫北者團體 |url=https://www.exmoo.com/article/150776.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://www.exmoo.com/article/150776.html |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=澳門力報}}</ref> On June 14, the Korean government expressed concern over Kim's remarks,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺稱將嚴打對朝散佈傳單行為 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200611005400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114351/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200611005400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> and the Ministry of National Defense held an emergency meeting at the [[Blue House]] on the same morning to check the military's readiness and discuss how to deal with North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓政府對朝鮮暗示將採取軍事行動表擔憂 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200614001400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114400/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200614001400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=韓聯社}}</ref>',
42 => '',
43 => '== Events ==',
44 => '[[Yonhap News Agency]] quoted sources as saying that the South Korean government observed vehicles suspected of carrying explosives at the inter-Korean Joint Liaison Office after Kim and Jung spoke on June 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=消息：金与正一发话朝鲜随即动手爆破联办 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025201/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004700881 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The South Korean military observed flames on the first and second floors of the office the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓官媒釋高畫質爆破片 「和平象徵」灰飛煙滅 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4641830 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720092915/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4641830 |archive-date=2020-07-20 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref>',
45 => '',
46 => 'On the morning of June 16, the General Staff Headquarters of the Korean People's Army issued a communiqué stating that it is fully prepared for the ongoing deterioration of inter-Korean relations and that it has firmly guaranteed any external measures taken by the party and the government from a military perspective.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜人民军总参谋部：朝鲜军队做好万全准备，军事保证党和政府的任何对外措施 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-06-16-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623193814/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-06-16-0001 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> In response, South Korean Defense Ministry spokesman Choi Hyun-soo stressed at a regular press conference that the South Korean military is on alert to deal with any situation at any time,<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓防部：將與美方緊密合作監視朝軍動向 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616003800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616073916/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616003800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and said the South Korean side will work closely with the U.S. to keep a close watch and track the movement of the North Korean forces.<ref>{{Cite web |title=開城工業園傳巨響煙霧 韓朝聯辦疑被爆破 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616004800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616073205/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616004800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The government then observed a loud noise and smoke coming from the Kaesong Industrial Park in the afternoon, and the military immediately checked whether it was related to the demolition of the inter-Korean Liaison Office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部證實朝鮮爆破韓朝聯辦 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616005200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616130954/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616005200881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and said it was stepping up its surveillance and alert of the North Korean side, while asking the frontline commander to take up his position to command the border guard force.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=통일부 “北, 16일 오후2시49분 개성 공동연락사무소 청사 폭파” |url=https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20200616/101535029/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616071630/https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20200616/101535029/1 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-16 |publisher=[[東亞日報]]}}</ref> The [[Republic of Korea Army]] confirmed through visual observation that the inter-Korean Liaison Office building in the Kaesong industrial area had been blown up, and the North Korean authorities later confirmed that the General Headquarters of the Korean People's Army had given orders to the mission unit to blow up the inter-Korean Liaison Office at 2:49 p.m. [[Time in North Korea|Pyongyang time]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=揭爆破真相：朝鮮此時不是喜悅，而是決絕與傷透了心 |url=https://www.setn.com/news.aspx?newsid=763725 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621121645/https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=763725 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=三立新聞}}</ref> saying through the official media, Korean Central Broadcasting Station, that this was in response to the public opinion of the North Korean people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝媒證實開城韓朝聯辦被爆破 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616006800881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616140822/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616006800881 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>',
47 => '',
48 => 'After the destruction of the office, the North Korean authorities said that they will redeploy military forces to the Kaesong industrial area and the Geumgang Mountain International Tourism Special Zone at the border, and reestablish posts and restart military drills.<ref>{{Cite web |title=炸毀兩韓辦公室後 北韓宣布在邊境重新部署軍力 |url=https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4494315 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618144138/https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4494315 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=鉅亨網}}</ref> In response to the North Korean government's statement, the chief of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)|Joint Chiefs of Staff]], Jeon Dong-jin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓還要炸？金剛山觀光區可能是下一目標 |url=https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=588721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625165854/https://www.merit-times.com.tw/NewsPage.aspx?unid=588721 |archive-date=2020-06-25 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=人間福報}}</ref> said that he will closely monitor the North Korean government's movement 24 hours a day and will respond strongly if provoked by military actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=兩韓聯辦遭轟爛！青瓦台仍想「見第四次面」 若持續挑釁將強烈回應 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739199.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025212/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739199.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> The President of the Republic of Korea, [[Moon Jae-in]], convened a plenary session of the National Security Council after learning of the destruction of his office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅緊急召開國安會議 討論兩韓聯絡辦公室被炸 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4639266 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702022539/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4639266 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> the ninth time since he took power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=青瓦台緊急開會討論北韓爆破韓朝聯辦 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200616004867-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701195742/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200616004867-260408 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=中國時報}}</ref> After the meeting, Kim Yoo-geun, secretary general of the National Security Council of Korea, said that the DPRK's action completely failed to meet the expectations of everyone who is looking forward to the development of inter-Korean relations and permanent peace on the Korean peninsula,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺對朝鮮爆破韓朝聯辦深表遺憾 |url=http://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616007500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200616007500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> and made it clear that the DPRK should be held responsible for all consequences arising from it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓：若北韓持續升高緊張 揚言堅決回應 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2068364 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2068364 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> In regards to the North's bombing of the office, Yoon Do-han, chief secretary for national communications at Blue House, said that the South Korean government has not received any plans or notifications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮炸毀兩韓聯絡樓 首爾說平壤事先無通知 |url=http://rfi.my/6558 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114358/https://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/20200618-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E6%A8%93-%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%88%E7%84%A1%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=法國國際廣播電台}}</ref>',
49 => '',
50 => 'The Korean diplomatic personnel dormitory adjacent to the office was also affected by the impact of the explosion, resulting in a collapse of the outer wall of the dormitory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮炸聯絡辦公室 毁對韓友好象徵 金與正3天前放狠話 研重新部署非軍事區兵力 |url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200617/s00014/1592332755313 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114402/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20200617/s00014/1592332755313/%e6%9c%9d%e9%ae%ae%e7%82%b8%e8%81%af%e7%b5%a1%e8%be%a6%e5%85%ac%e5%ae%a4-%e6%af%81%e5%b0%8d%e9%9f%93%e5%8f%8b%e5%a5%bd%e8%b1%a1%e5%be%b5-%e9%87%91%e8%88%87%e6%ad%a33%e5%a4%a9%e5%89%8d%e6%94%be%e7%8b%a0%e8%a9%b1-%e7%a0%94%e9%87%8d%e6%96%b0%e9%83%a8%e7%bd%b2%e9%9d%9e%e8%bb%8d%e4%ba%8b%e5%8d%80%e5%85%b5%e5%8a%9b |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=明報}}</ref> According to the photos taken by the television station, [[Korean Broadcasting System]], on June 17 at a height of about 2000 meters in the no-fly zone along the [[Military Demarcation Line|military demarcation line]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=開城工業園綜合支援中心受損 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200618021100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114357/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200618021100881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-01 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> it was also found that the comprehensive support center for the Kaesong Industrial Area near the office was also affected and seriously damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |title=炸毀韓朝聯絡辦仍不夠 朝鮮恐拆開城工業區 |url=https://www.exmoo.com/article/151354.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194813/https://www.exmoo.com/article/151354.html |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-08-01 |publisher=澳門力報}}</ref> On June 19th, South Korean government sources told the "''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Korea JoongAng Daily]]''" that after analyzing the images of the South Korean army and the North Korean official media, it was found that the [[TNT]] explosives set up by the North Korean explosion should amount to hundreds of kilograms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正命令讓北韓軍方怕了！ 兩韓聯辦4層樓「竟裝數百kg炸藥」應 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200619/1741595.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114400/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200619/1741595.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref>',
51 => '',
52 => '== Aftereffects ==',
53 => '',
54 => '=== Inter-Korean Relations ===',
55 => 'On June 15, the President of the Republic of Korea, Moon Jae-in, proposed to the DPRK to send the head of the Korean National Security Agency, Jung Eui-yong, and the head of the [[National Intelligence Service (South Korea)|Korean National Intelligence Service]], [[Suh Hoon|Suh Hoon,]] as special envoys to meet with the chairman of the Korean Labor Party, [[Kim Jong-un]], but on June 17, the DPRK rejected the proposal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅向北韓提議派遣特使遭拒 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640734 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619075950/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640734 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> In response to North Korea's unilateral message that it wanted to send envoys, Moon said that although the act was a bit too much, he would continue to explore ways to break through the Korean impasse in order to keep persuading North Korea and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=評金與正粉碎韓聯辦「太超過」：我很努力耶 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200617/1740085.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025240/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200617/1740085.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> Under the situation where relations between North and South Korea continue to deteriorate, South Korean Minister of Unification Kim Yeon Jik resigned on the 17th taking responsibility for the degradation of inter-Korean relations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正嗆文在寅 拒南韓特使 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1380457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618090718/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1380457 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The spokesman of the Blue House, Kang Min Seok, said in a press conference on the morning of 19th that Moon Jae-in agreed to his resignation and said that Moon Jae-in had dinner with Kim Yain Tie on the evening of 18th and listened to Kim Yain Tie's position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓統一部長辭職 文在寅批准 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4646160 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412112229/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4646160 |archive-date=2021-04-12 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref>',
56 => '',
57 => 'After the North Korean government bombed the office, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the united front of the Korean Labor Party, said that there would be no more exchanges, cooperations or even talks between the two Koreas in the future, adding that "everything that has happened between the two sides should be treated as a dream",<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央统一战线部长：再也没有与南朝鲜可商谈的事 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=28879 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123625/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=28879 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2020-06-17 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> while the North Korean government continued to push forward military measures and said through the official media that it had prepared more than 3,000 balloons and 12 million leaflets for "retaliatory punishment".<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓「報復性懲罰」 對南韓撒1200萬張反韓傳單 |url=https://inews.hket.com/article/2676706/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://inews.hket.com/article/2676706/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=香港經濟日報}}</ref> The leaflets were published with a picture of Moon drinking tea, a string of mocking words and a lot of smoked cigarette butts on the end.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓最新報復行動曝！ 在文在寅臉上丟菸蒂 打包空飄回敬南韓 |url=https://fnc.ebc.net.tw/FncNews/world/121294 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114404/https://fnc.ebc.net.tw/FncNews/world/121294 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=東森新聞}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=传单宣传战：朝鲜准备向韩国发大量"惩罚传单" |url=https://www.dw.com/zh/传单宣传战朝鲜准备向韩国发大量惩罚传单/a-53881765 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626145219/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%95%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%90%91%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%91%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8F%E6%83%A9%E7%BD%9A%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%95/a-53881765 |archive-date=2020-06-26 |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=德國之聲}}</ref> The South Korean military said it will pay close attention to how the North Koreans act and the way they take action, and then return with any possible military response.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝3000氣球派韓1200萬張傳單 |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2020/06/23/GJ2006230013.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114404/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2020/06/23/GJ2006230013.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-24 |publisher=文匯報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓將散發傳單報復 南韓緊繃：不排除軍事行動 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623191452/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205948 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |access-date=2020-06-24 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The South Korean military also found that the North Korean government has reinstalled loudspeakers for "[[Psychological warfare]]" in non-military areas, indicating that the two sides' previous efforts to improve relations have returned to square one<ref>{{Cite web |title=重啟「心戰喊話」 南韓軍方：北韓正重新安裝擴音器 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205619 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211126033509/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3205619 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref>.',
58 => '',
59 => 'Kim Jong-un, Chairman of the Korean Labor Party, presided over the preparatory meeting of the 5th meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 23 and decided to suspend the implementation of the military action plan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩終於現身！放話「暫緩」軍事行動 |url=https://www.ctwant.com/article/58268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194944/https://www.ctwant.com/article/58268 |archive-date=2020-06-26 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=CTWANT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩當和事佬擱置對南韓軍事行動 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202006240016.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105194958/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202006240016.aspx |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> Some official media also deleted critical reports on the Korean authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮突然改變態度，金正恩下令“暫緩對韓軍事行動” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/home/article/all/20200625/2101365/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114413/https://www.donga.com/tw/home/article/all/20200625/2101365/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A%E6%85%8B%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%8C%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%BB%A4-%E6%9A%AB%E7%B7%A9%E5%B0%8D%E9%9F%93%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The Korean media "Central Daily" pointed out that North Korea had observed the dismantling and reinstallation of loudspeakers at the Peace Observatory in [[Ganghwa County]], [[Incheon]] Prefecture, while South Korean Congressman Kim Yong Ho expressed through the media,<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩這回唱白臉！坐鎮中央軍委宣布「暫緩對韓行動」 |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2792720 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/https://www.storm.mg/article/2792720 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=風傳媒}}</ref> South Korea's Vice Minister of Unification, Xu Hu, confirmed that the DPRK had completely removed loudspeakers in the border areas when attending a private forum of the National Committee on Foreign Affairs Unification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮暫緩對韓軍事行動意圖受關注 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200624004200881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105195012/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200624004200881 |archive-date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> After the suspension of critical reporting, the North Korean official media had not published any reports directly criticizing the South Korean government as of July 5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓媒體連12天沒發文批評南韓政府 引發關注 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4680508 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114446/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4680508 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-06 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref> The North Korean foreign media only resumed writing articles criticizing the South Korean military and political parties on June 26.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮外宣媒體時隔兩天恢復對韓抨擊 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/east/article/all/20200627/2103500/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114412/https://www.donga.com/tw/east/article/all/20200627/2103500/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%A4%96%E5%AE%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E6%99%82%E9%9A%94%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A9%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E5%B0%8D%E9%9F%93%E6%8A%A8%E6%93%8A |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-30 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓官媒連12天未批評文在寅政府 韓媒分析直指這原因 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4680144 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114431/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4680144 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-06 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref>',
60 => '',
61 => 'On June 25, the 70th anniversary of the [[Korean War]], South Korean President Moon Jae-in gave a speech, saying that he would protect the lives and security of his people at all costs and that Seoul has a strong all-round national defense force that will not tolerate any provocation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓不按牌理出招！ 文在寅硬起來首次向平壤示警 |url=https://www.ctwant.com/article/58775 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.ctwant.com/article/58775 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=CTWANT}}</ref> the first warning message to Pyongyang authorities since Moon took office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅首次向平壤發出警告 |url=http://globalnewstv.com.tw/202006/112779/?doing_wp_cron=1593233334.4130640029907226562500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114409/http://globalnewstv.com.tw/202006/112779/?doing_wp_cron=1593233334.4130640029907226562500 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=寰宇新聞}}</ref> The Korean Foreign Ministry's Institute for Disarmament and Peace Research released a research report on the same day, saying that the withdrawal of the U.S. policy of hostility towards North Korea is the prerequisite for maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula,<ref>{{Cite web |title=平壤批美國敵視與日俱增 稱北韓絕不退縮 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2069593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114415/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2069593 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> and that the U.S. started the Korean War to cause the pain of national division on the Korean Peninsula, which is why North Korea is determined to take the path of nuclear self-defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓戰70週年的北韓感言：我們會發展核武，全都是被陰狠的美帝逼出來的 |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2798740 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114413/https://www.storm.mg/article/2798740 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=風傳媒}}</ref> The Korean Defense Minister [[Jeong Kyeong-doo]] and U.S. Defense Secretary [[Mark Esper]] issued a joint statement on the same day, calling on the North Korean authorities to exercise self-restraint and decide to maintain peace and security in Northeast Asia through trilateral and multilateral security cooperation between South Korea, the United States and Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓戰70週年 韓美聯合聲明堅守朝鮮半島和平 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006250123.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114410/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006250123.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=中央社}}</ref>',
62 => '',
63 => 'On July 8, Korean lawyer Lee Kyung-jae filed a lawsuit against Kim Woong-jung and Park Jung-tien, the chief of staff of the Korean People's Army, for damaging Korean public property.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦 料再度激怒北韓 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦+料再度激怒北韓/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723143050/https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6+%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E5%BA%A6%E6%BF%80%E6%80%92%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2020-07-23 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=加拿大星島日報}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717075318/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx |archive-date=2020-07-17 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> Lee Kyung-jae said that although the Korean government cannot actually punish Kim and Park, it wants to show the Korean people the hypocrisy of their leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113023442/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403 |archive-date=2021-01-13 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓檢方立案，就金與正下令炸毁兩韓聯絡辦作刑事調查 |url=https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114411/https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-07-23 |publisher=端傳媒}}</ref>',
64 => '',
65 => 'On July 27, 2021, Park Soo-hyun, chief secretary for national communication at the Blue House in South Korea, said that the communication channel between the DPRK and the [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] (ROK) was restored and that this is the first time that the leaders of both sides have reached an agreement on restarting the communication channel after repeatedly discussing the restoration of [[North Korea–South Korea relations]] through correspondence since April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南北韩通信联络线27日上午重新开通 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72367 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031152/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72367 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> The [[Korean Central News Agency|Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)]] also issued a communiqué on the same day,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社公报：采取措施重启北南通讯联络线 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123940/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> stating that the whole nation is looking forward to the early restoration of North-South relations on the Korean Peninsula, which are in a state of frustration and stagnation, and reached an agreement on a major step towards restoring mutual trust and reconciliation by restoring the severed communication channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社：朝韩首脑近期多次来往亲笔信，朝韩将重启所有通讯联络线 |url=https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031218/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-07-27 |publisher=環球時報}}</ref> After the interruption of the communication channel between the two Koreas, the DPRK side had not responded to the daily messages sent to the ROK side through the International Merchant Marine Network (IMN), but seven days after the restoration of the communication channel,<ref>{{Cite web |title=南北韩东海地区军事通信线恢复正常 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820013828/http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409 |archive-date=2021-08-20 |access-date=2021-08-03 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> the DPRK side responded to the IMN calls, which also led to the full restoration of the military communication channel between the two Koreas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韩首次回应韩方国际商船通信网呼叫 |url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72470 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031204/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72470 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-03 |publisher=韓國國際廣播電台}}</ref> On August 1, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Korean Labor Party,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央委员会副部长金与正发表谈话 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822121114/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> said that the reopening of the communication channel was only a physical link and that no other implications could be added, noting that "premature speculation and unfounded explanations will only bring disappointment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金与正发表谈话：朝鲜政府和军队将密切注视韩国再搞军演，或作出果断决断！ |url=https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031222/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-01 |publisher=環球時報}}</ref>',
66 => '',
67 => 'In an authorized statement on August 10, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Labor Party of Korea, said that the DPRK was "strongly dismayed by the treacherous behavior of the South Korean authorities" as the U.S. and South Korea insisted on starting joint military exercises that further aggravated the unstable situation despite the unanimous condemnation and opposition from inside and outside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央副部长金与正发表谈话 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031150/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正抨擊韓美聯合軍演是“南朝-{}-鮮的背信棄義” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20210811/2847547/1 |archive-url=https://archive.is/NfBYR |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=東亞日報}}</ref> Then, at 5 p.m. that day, the DPRK side did not answer the routine phone calls made by the South Korean side through the liaison office channel and the East-West Sea military communication line, cutting off the communication channel again after only 14 days, which had been restored on July 27.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜拒接韩方联络电话或对韩美联演表不满 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210810005700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210810005700881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> On the following day, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the Unification Front Department of the Korean Labor Party, issued a statement through the Korean Central News Agency,<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鲜劳动党中央部长金英哲发表谈话 |url=http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822124442/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=2021-08-11 |publisher=由我們民族自己}}</ref> saying that the Korean side had given up the opportunity to improve inter-Korean relations and had reciprocated the North's goodwill with hostile acts, pointing out that Kim Woong-jung, the deputy minister of the Central Committee, had been commissioned by the party's Central Committee to issue a statement on the first day as an opportunity for the North to give the Korean side a choice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮批韓美聯演稱將讓韓方面臨安全危機 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> In this regard, the Korean Ministry of Unification issued a position on the same day after consolidating the positions of relevant departments, saying that it is not in the interest of any party to aggravate tensions on the Korean peninsula and urging the DPRK to restart dialogue as soon as possible, and that the ROK will not prejudge the direction of the DPRK's response in the future, but will continue to pay close attention to relevant movements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓回應朝談話：加劇緊張無好處 需重啟對話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref>',
68 => '',
69 => 'On September 29, Kim Jong-un, chairman of the Korean Workers' Party, delivered a policy speech on "the current direction of struggle for new development of socialist construction" at the 5th session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK,<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩同志发表历史性施政演说《关于争取社会主义建设新发展的当前斗争方向》 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-09-30-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124102912/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-09-30-0001 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> pointing out that the pipeline between the two sides is expected to be restored in early October of the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金正恩稱10月將重啟韓朝聯絡渠道 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930000400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006112237/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930000400881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> The government's position on the issue was published by the Unification Ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：期待韓朝通信聯絡渠道運營穩定 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930003100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930055326/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930003100881 |archive-date=2021-09-30 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺對金正恩表示恢復通信聯絡持謹慎態度 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930004300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930181306/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210930004300881 |archive-date=2021-09-30 |access-date=2021-09-30 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> On October 4, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) issued a communiqué stating that all communication lines were reopened at 9:00 p.m. that day, and that the relevant South Korean authorities should be aware of the significance of the reopening.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝中社发表公报 - 主体110(2021)年 10月 4日 |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-10-04-0001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124150256/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-10-04-0001 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=勞動新聞}}</ref> The Korean Ministry of Unification also confirmed on the same day that the North-South Joint Liaison Office and the South Korean military had resumed normal bilateral communication,<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓朝通信渠道今恢復正常通話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004000900881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006091456/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004000900881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref> while Blue House did not formally state its position on the resumption of communication between the two sides, but only responded to the position expressed by the Ministry of Unification and the Ministry of National Defense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓青瓦臺就韓朝恢復通信渠道持謹慎態度 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004001300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006092403/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20211004001300881 |archive-date=2021-10-06 |access-date=2021-10-04 |publisher=韓國聯合通訊社}}</ref>',
70 => '',
71 => '=== Japanese and U.S. Approaches ===',
72 => 'On June 16, The [[Prime Minister of Japan|prime minister of Japan]], [[Shinzo Abe]], said he would "work closely with South Korea and the United States and analyze intelligence to respond" after being informed of the bombing of the inter-Korean liaison office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=安倍表示不希望韓朝關係緊張加劇 |url=https://tchina.kyodonews.net/news/2020/06/684da8ed4996.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622233319/https://tchina.kyodonews.net/news/2020/06/684da8ed4996.html |archive-date=2020-06-22 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=共同社}}</ref> while the [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] [[Yoshihide Suga]] said at a press conference on June 17 that the Japanese government was very concerned about North Korea's actions and that it was "maintaining the necessary alert posture in order to be fully prepared for all incidents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓邊境派兵 菅義偉：日本高度關注 正維持必要警戒 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4641801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114441/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4641801 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref>',
73 => '',
74 => 'The [[United States Department of State]] issued a statement saying that the North Korean authorities should avoid further counterproductive actions and said it decided to extend sanctions against North Korea for one year,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國國務院：“朝鮮應避免產生反效果的進壹步行動” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200618/2094930/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114420/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200618/2094930/1/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2%EF%BC%9A-%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%87%89%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%B9%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> the fourth time since President [[Donald Trump]] took office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國指北韓對美構成威脅 宣布將對北韓制裁延長一年 |url=https://news.now.com/home/international/player?newsId=394908 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://news.now.com/home/international/player?newsId=394908 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=now新聞}}</ref> because North Korea's actions and policies continue to pose "an unusual and extraordinary threat" to U.S. national security, foreign policy and the economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=特朗普延長對朝制裁行政命令，凍結與朝鮮進行交易的個人和企業在美國的資產等 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200619/2095968/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200619/2095968/1/%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE%E5%BB%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%B0%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%EF%BC%8C%E5%87%8D%E7%B5%90%E8%88%87%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E7%9A%84%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E7%AD%89 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The U.S. Department of Defense said it will actively discuss with South Korea the feasibility of joint military exercises.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美國：“就展開戰略資產與重啟韓美軍演，持續與韓國討論” |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200620/2097010/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114419/https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20200620/2097010/1/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%9A-%E5%B0%B1%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E8%88%87%E9%87%8D%E5%95%9F%E9%9F%93%E7%BE%8E%E8%BB%8D%E6%BC%94%EF%BC%8C%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E8%88%87%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref>',
75 => '',
76 => 'Korean military sources pointed out on June 17 that [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[Lockheed EP-3|EP-3E]] electronic reconnaissance aircraft and U.S. Army RC-12X reconnaissance aircraft stationed in Korea were flying over the Korean Capital Territory on that day to implement surveillance and reconnaissance missions against North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美軍偵察機飛臨韓半島加強對朝監視 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114424/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004400881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> A military aircraft tracking site said the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] [[Boeing RC-135|RC-135W]] reconnaissance aircraft in the morning of the 18th over the Korean capital circle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=美軍偵察機連日飛臨韓半島加強對朝監視 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003600881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619004804/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003600881 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> On June 22, the military aircraft tracking website also pointed out that two [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] Stratospheric Fortress bombers were observed flying from [[Alaska]]'s Aisin base to the [[Philippine Sea]] via Japan, which was seen as a measure to warn the North Korean side.<ref>{{Cite web |title=朝鮮安裝高音喇叭的當天，美B-52轟炸機再次在韓半島附近展開 |url=https://www.donga.com/tw/article/all/20200624/2100348/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114453/https://www.donga.com/tw/article/all/20200624/2100348/1/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%9D%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%87%E5%8F%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%95%B6%E5%A4%A9%EF%BC%8C%E7%BE%8EB-52%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F%E5%86%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%9C%A8%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E9%99%84%E8%BF%91%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=東亞日報}}</ref> The U.S. Air Force released photos of a joint [[Elephant walk (aeronautics)|elephant walk]] exercise with the [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|Japanese Air Self-Defense Force]] at [[Misawa Air Base|Misawa Airfield]] in [[Aomori Prefecture]] on the 23rd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=「大象走路」 美日同盟秀戰力 |url=https://www.ydn.com.tw/News/387650 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114423/https://www.ydn.com.tw/ |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=青年日報}}</ref>',
77 => '',
78 => '=== Other Reactions ===',
79 => 'Following the bombing of the North-South Joint Liaison Office, [[Russia|Russian]] [[Kremlin]] spokesman Dmitry Sergeyevich Peskov issued a statement expressing concern about the situation on the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]] and calling on both Koreas to remain calm,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 俄羅斯呼籲雙方克制 |url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4640180 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619210522/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4640180 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=經濟日報}}</ref> but at this stage the Russian government has no plans to help ease tensions on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=金與正狠炸兩韓聯辦 克里姆林宮：為朝鮮半島局勢感到擔憂 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739333.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114439/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200616/1739333.htm |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=ETtoday}}</ref> The European Union issued a statement on the matter, stating that it deeply regretted the recent actions of North Korea and said that the Pyongyang authorities should refrain from further provocative and destructive actions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 美國歐盟籲勿再躁動 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006170046.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715151626/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006170046.aspx |archive-date=2020-07-15 |access-date=2020-08-02 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> The [[European Union]] reiterated its support for the Korean government's efforts to achieve peace and prosperity on the peninsula and the need to reignite dialogue between the parties,<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅將同歐盟領導人舉行視頻會談 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114424/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200618003700881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=韓聯社}}</ref> according to a joint press release issued after a video conference between EU Summit President Charles Michel and [[President of the European Commission|EU Executive Committee President]] Ursula von der Leyen on June 30 and President Moon Jae-in of the Republic of Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅與歐盟領導人視頻會晤 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200630006000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114423/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200630006000881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>',
80 => '',
81 => 'The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China]] is also working with the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) to improve the relationship between the two countries,<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓炸毀兩韓聯絡辦公室 中國：盼保持和平穩定 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006160212.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114428/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202006160212.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-22 |publisher=中央社}}</ref> and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中國駐韓大使：韓朝血濃於水應努力保持對話 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004500881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114448/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200617004500881 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> [[President of the Republic of China|The president of the Republic of China]], Tsai Ing-wen, said that the government of the Republic of China is closely concerned about the development of the border conflict between China and India and the tension on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡總統：關注中印衝突朝鮮半島局勢 維區域和平 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202006200086.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114452/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202006200086.aspx |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=中央社}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=中印、朝鮮局勢緊張 蔡總統：國軍是捍衛主權最重要力量 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3203801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621090326/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3203801 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-23 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The government has also issued a statement saying that the national security team is closely monitoring the latest developments and is in constant contact with all relevant countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓發狠「炸爛」兩韓聯絡辦公室 總統府說話了 |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=762778 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621191855/https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=762778 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2020-06-27 |publisher=三立新聞}}</ref>',
82 => '',
83 => '== Related Disputes ==',
84 => '',
85 => '=== Airborne flyers controversial content ===',
86 => 'The message pointed out that the flyer floated to North Korea was related to the malicious [[photograph manipulation]] of Kim Jong-un's wife, [[Ri Sol-ju]], as the protagonist of a [[pornographic film]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=李雪主遭合成AV女優 北韓氣炸大動作報復 |url=https://news.tvbs.com.tw/world/1340246 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619065438/https://news.tvbs.com.tw/world/1340246 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=TVBS}}</ref> and that South Korean netizens did not approve of the flyer's content and considered it crazy and bad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=脫北者團體發反朝宣傳單 驚見李雪主被P圖成AV女優 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640844 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702225101/https://udn.com/news/story/121405/4640844 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> The named "Free Korean Movement Alliance" said that the leaflet was not produced by it, and pointed out that the leaflet had appeared in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北韓金與正暴怒暗示開戰 竟是為了李雪主 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200614003064-260408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615220508/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200614003064-260408 |archive-date=2020-06-15 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=中國時報}}</ref> According to a check by the Korean media outlet World Journal, it was confirmed that the malicious leaflet was put out by extreme conservative groups such as Pyongyang Citizens' Association and Blue Union in October 2013 when [[Park Geun-hye]] was in power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=難怪會生氣！空飄傳單驚見「李雪主赤裸拍AV」 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200614/1737510.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614135643/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200614/1737510.htm |archive-date=2020-06-14 |access-date=2020-07-16 |publisher=ETToday}}</ref>',
87 => '',
88 => '=== Concerns about violations of free speech ===',
89 => 'On July 17, the Ministry of Unification of Korea officially revoked the permission for the establishment of the "Free North Korea Movement Alliance" and "Daechuan", a group of North Korean defector groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=青瓦台要嚴懲散發反北韓傳單 人權組織批：向平壤「叩頭」 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3195121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614081911/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3195121 |archive-date=2020-06-14 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> The government also said that the groups are not in line with the purpose of their establishment,<ref>{{Cite web |title=脫北者團體散布傳單惹怒平壤 南韓政府撤設立許可 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4710304 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801050749/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4710304 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> but also endanger the safety of residents in the border areas of Korea and North Korea, and aggravate the tension in the peninsula, which is detrimental to national interests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部取消兩家空飄反朝傳單脫北者團體設立許可 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200717004100881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802034511/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20200717004100881 |archive-date=2020-08-02 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> The US government is of the opinion that South Korea is giving in to North Korea's demands and abandoning its dignity as an exemplary democracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=文在寅壓迫脫北者人權？挨批「跪舔北韓」 美朝野：南韓真的是民主國家？ |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200719/1764157.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111024411/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200719/1764157.htm |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=ETToday}}</ref>',
90 => '',
91 => '== Subsequent Actions ==',
92 => '',
93 => '=== Korean government draws fire for new law ===',
94 => 'On December 3, 2020, the ruling United [[Democratic Party of Korea|Democratic Party]] (UDP) sent a draft of the "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" to the [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly of Korea]] for scrutiny, which covers the prohibition of propaganda shouting through leaflets and loudspeakers against the North Korean side in border areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓擬修法禁對北韓灑傳單、廣播 在野黨轟：金與正下的法令 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3370000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021209/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3370000 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=自由時報}}</ref> However, the bill is strongly supported by the Common [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and suppresses the opposition's views, causing dissatisfaction among the opposition parties in Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓経：韓国与党「金与正下命」議論の「対北朝鮮ビラ禁止法」強行 |url=https://japanese.joins.com/JArticle/272963?sectcode=510&servcode=500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111024435/https://japanese.joins.com/JArticle/272963?sectcode=510&servcode=500 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=中央日報}}</ref> U.S. Republican Congressman [[Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)|Chris Smith]] expressed concern over the implementation of the bill by the South Korean parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓立法禁向北韓散布傳單 脫北者不服將訴願 |url=https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5094404 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021211/https://udn.com/news/story/6809/5094404 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=聯合報}}</ref> In response to concerns about infringement of freedom of speech, South Korean Foreign Minister [[Kang Kyung-wha]] said in an interview with CNN that freedom of speech is crucial to human rights, but it does not mean that it is unquestionable, but needs to be restricted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FM says freedom of expression can be limited over leafleting ban |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201217001000325 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021244/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20201217001000325 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>',
95 => '',
96 => 'After the bill was passed on Dec. 14, the [[Fighters for a Free North Korea]], a group of defectors, said it would file a lawsuit against the bill for unconstitutionality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓立法禁向北韓發傳單 |url=https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/7645709 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021215/https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/7645709-%e5%8d%97%e9%9f%93%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e7%a6%81%e5%90%91%e5%8c%97%e9%9f%93%e7%99%bc%e5%82%b3%e5%96%ae |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=巴士的報}}</ref> The American [[Human Rights Foundation]] stated that it had sent letters to the National Assembly, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Unification Ministry, the ruling United Democratic Party and the largest opposition party, the [[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power Party]], before the December 9 debate on the bill, stating that the bill infringes on freedom of speech and is unconstitutional.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Korean Government Criminalizes North Korean Human Rights Activism |url=https://hrf.org/press_posts/south-korean-government-criminalizes-north-korean-human-rights-activism/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215235613/https://hrf.org/press_posts/south-korean-government-criminalizes-north-korean-human-rights-activism/ |archive-date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=美國人權基金會}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] called the bill a misguided strategy to win the favor of Kim Jong-un.<ref>{{Cite web |title=南韓禁反北韓傳單 脫北者誓言挑戰不惜入獄 |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2086895 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225021214/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2086895 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |access-date=2020-12-25 |publisher=中央廣播電台}}</ref> After the passage of the bill, the Unification Ministry of Korea said that although freedom of speech is provided for in the Korean constitution, the safety of people's lives at the border is more important, and pointed out that the new law only restricts some forms of freedom of speech at a minimum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韩统一部：边民生命安全重于言论自由 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20201215003000881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229131436/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20201215003000881 |archive-date=2020-12-29 |access-date=2020-12-29 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>',
97 => '',
98 => 'At the end of March 2021, the amended "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" came into effect, which prohibits the delivery of anti-North Korean leaflets and loudspeaker shouting along the military demarcation line.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓政府：努力向美方說明禁發反朝傳單法宗旨 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210409004300881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081602/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210409004300881 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社vv}}</ref> The Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the hearing did not affect the Korea-US alliance,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国会15日举行“禁止对北韩散发传单法”视频听证会 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081601/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71234 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韩国国际广播电台}}</ref> and pointed out that the Korean government will continue to introduce the purpose of the law to the U.S. Congress,<ref>{{Cite web |title=美国国会开听证会讨论韩国禁发对朝传单 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210416001700881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418175908/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210416001700881 |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref> the State Department and human rights groups and other relevant parties, and strive for the Korean government's position to be fully reflected in this hearing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=韓統一部：美反朝傳單法聽證會不影響同盟關係 |url=https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210415003400881 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081609/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210415003400881 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韓聯社}}</ref>',
99 => '',
100 => 'In response to the Korean government's amendment, the [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] wrote to the Korean government expressing concern about the negative impact of the law on the right to freedom of expression and the legitimate activities of some civil society groups and human rights advocates in Korea,<ref>{{Cite web |title=联合国特别报告员：“对北韩传单禁止法”或侵害言论自由 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71376 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111031140/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71376 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2021-06-26 |publisher=韩国国际广播电台}}</ref> and requesting information on whether the amendment complies with [[international human rights law]] and the scope of illegal activities under the amendment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=联合国北韩人权报告员：了解限制对北韩散发传单的必要性 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71569 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081625/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css |archive-date=2021-06-26 |access-date=2021-06-26}}</ref> The UN Special Rapporteur on North Korea, Tomas Ojea Quintana, said last December that he had recommended that South Korea reconsider the amendment in accordance with the due process of the relevant democratic institutions before implementing the law. In protest, the Alliance for a Free North Korea Movement, a group of defectors, again dropped 500,000 flyers from April 25 to 29 along the military demarcation line from [[Paju]] City, [[Gyeonggi Province]], to [[Gangwon Province, South Korea|Gangwon Province]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-30 |title=涉空飄50萬張反朝傳單 脫北者組織違韓朝關係法 |url=https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610105243/https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk |archive-date=2021-06-10 |access-date=2021-05-06 |publisher=Sing Tao Daily 星島日報加拿大}}</ref>',
101 => '',
102 => '== See also ==',
103 => '',
104 => '* [[Korean reunification]]',
105 => '* [[Korean conflict]]',
106 => '* [[Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea]]',
107 => '',
108 => '== Notes ==',
109 => '"Psychological warfare shouting" is one of the specific tools of psychological warfare in the battlefield, combining with other psychological warfare actions to respond to military operations.',
110 => '',
111 => '== References ==',
112 => '<references />'
] |
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Kaesong_Industrial_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaesong Industrial Area (page does not exist)">Kaesong Industrial Area</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office" title="Inter-Korean Liaison Office">Inter-Korean Liaison Office</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&params=37_55_58.7_N_126_37_18.7_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°55′58.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">126°37′18.7″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.932972°N 126.621861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.932972; 126.621861</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1073938472"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="/enwiki//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&params=37_55_58.7_N_126_37_18.7_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°55′58.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">126°37′18.7″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.932972°N 126.621861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.932972; 126.621861</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">2020-06-16</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition attack</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E4%B8%8E%E6%AD%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金与正 (page does not exist)">金与正</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data">North Korea claims South Korea violated Article 2(1) of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panmunjom_Declaration" title="Panmunjom Declaration">Panmunjom Declaration</a> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verdict</th><td class="infobox-data">Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombed<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inter-Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-Korean relations">Korean relations</a> deteriorate, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a> tense</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Inter-Korean Liaison Office bombing</b> (Korean: 남북공동연락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident, Korean: 북남공동련락사무소 폭파사건 / Inter-Korean Liaison Office Demolition Incident) refers to the bombing of the Inter-Korean Liaison Office located in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kaesong_Industrial_Region" title="Kaesong Industrial Region">Kaesong</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://North%20Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a> on June 16, 2020. The two Koreas decided to close the office on January 30 in response to the development of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">2019 coronavirus outbreak</a>, and the Korean staff left on the same day. However, during the closure of the Joint Liaison Office, the North Koreans were dissatisfied with a group of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">defectors</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Balloon_propaganda_campaigns_in_Korea" title="Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea">spreading leaflets</a> along the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">demilitarized zone</a> and sent the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a> to blow up the building on June 16, accusing South Korea's violation of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panmunjom_Declaration" title="Panmunjom Declaration">Panmunjom Declaration</a>, a move that is said to have worsened <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">North Korea–South Korea relations</a> and strained the situation on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#North_Korea's_dissatisfaction_with_South_Korea's_actions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">North Korea's dissatisfaction with South Korea's actions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#South_Korea's_response_to_North_Korea's_measures"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">South Korea's response to North Korea's measures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Events"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Events</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Aftereffects"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Aftereffects</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Inter-Korean_Relations"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Inter-Korean Relations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Japanese_and_U.S._Approaches"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese and U.S. Approaches</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Other_Reactions"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Other Reactions</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Related_Disputes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Related Disputes</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Airborne_flyers_controversial_content"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Airborne flyers controversial content</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Concerns_about_violations_of_free_speech"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Concerns about violations of free speech</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Subsequent_Actions"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Subsequent Actions</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Korean_government_draws_fire_for_new_law"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Korean government draws fire for new law</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>After the signing of the Panmunjom Declaration at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inter-Korean_summits" title="Inter-Korean summits">inter-Korean Summit in April 2018</a>, the two sides agreed to establish a "permanent liaison office".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> However, due to the visit of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">US Secretary of State</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> to North Korea, the office initially scheduled to open in August 2018 was postponed to open on September 14 officially.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Following the breakdown of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit</a>, the firm faced a long-term suspension, but this did not affect the twice-daily communication between the liaison officers of the two sides.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2020, South Korea and North Korea decided to close their offices on January 30 in response to the development of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> and South Korean staff left on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> During the closure of the office, the South Korean side still had twice daily conversations with the North Korean authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> The South Korean Unification Ministry stated that the relevant personnel of the office was transferred to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> to continue operations after the closure.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="North_Korea.27s_dissatisfaction_with_South_Korea.27s_actions"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="North_Korea's_dissatisfaction_with_South_Korea's_actions">North Korea's dissatisfaction with South Korea's actions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: North Korea's dissatisfaction with South Korea's actions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>On June 4, 2020, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kim_Yo-jong" title="Kim Yo-jong">Kim Yo-jong</a>, an alternate member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">Political Bureau of the Central Committee</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a> and the First Vice Minister of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Organization_and_Guidance_Department" title="Organization and Guidance Department">Organization and Guidance Department</a>, said that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was dissatisfied with a group of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">defectors</a> sending 500,000 leaflets, 50 manuals, 2,000 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1 bills</a>, and 1,000 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">memory cards</a> along the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean demilitarized zone</a> on May 31 toward the DPRK, and demanded to immediately improve the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Subsequently, a spokesman for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Front_Department_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea">United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea</a> unilaterally announced the closure of the inter-Korean Liaison Office the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kim_Yong-chol" title="Kim Yong-chol">Kim Yong-chol</a>, vice chairman of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea">Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea</a>, pointed out at a central government meeting that the dissemination of the leaflets was a hostile act in violation of the inter-Korean peace agreement, and therefore cut off all communication channels with the Korean authorities on June 9.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>On June 12, the Director General of the United States Affairs of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)</a>, Quan Zhenggen, condemned the remarks made by the South Korean side regarding efforts for the DPRK US dialogue and denuclearization.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> The United Front Minister of the Korean Labor Party, Kim Young-chol, also issued a statement stating that he felt distrust of the inaction of the South Korean government.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> Subsequently, in a speech on June 13th, Kim Yo-jong once again criticized South Korea for ignoring bilateral relations and conniving with defectors, saying that it was "the time to say goodbye" to the South Korean government, authorizing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a> to decide on a continuation of the enemy's actions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Kim Yo-jong also pointed out in his speech on the same day that "in the near future, the useless joint liaison office between the North and the South will disappear".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="South_Korea.27s_response_to_North_Korea.27s_measures"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea's_response_to_North_Korea's_measures">South Korea's response to North Korea's measures</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: South Korea's response to North Korea's measures">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>After the South Korean government was informed of the North's dissatisfaction, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Unification" title="Ministry of Unification">Ministry of Unification</a> spokesman Roh Sang-ki said at a regular press conference on June 4 that the act of spreading anti-DPRK leaflets threatened the safety of people and property in the border area and that the government was studying an effective plan in this regard and called on people not to spread anti-DPRK leaflets at the border.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> On the same day, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)">Ministry of National Defense (South Korea)</a> spokesman Choi Hyun-soo said at a regular press conference that the South Korean government has not changed its position on the implementation of the Pyongyang Joint Declaration, which was signed by the two Koreas on September 19, 2018, in response to the North's unilateral threat to dismantle the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>At a regular press conference in the morning of June 8, the Korean Ministry of Unification said that according to the routine business arrangement of the inter-Korean Liaison Office, the two Koreas talk once a day in the morning and once in the afternoon, but in the morning of that day, the North did not answer the phone, which was the first time that the North did not answer the phone after the establishment of the office in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> On the following day, a regular press conference of the Ministry of Unification of Korea stated that the DPRK answered the phone on the afternoon of the 8th, but did not mention why they did not took the call in the morning and said that the two sides should maintain communication channels.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> The North Korean government subsequently cut all communication channels with the South Korean authorities on June 9, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)">South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> held a press conference that afternoon, saying that it would closely monitor changes in inter-Korean relations with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> In response to the unilateral cut-off, Blue House only said that the inter-Korean communication channels "should continue to be maintained and used according to a mutual agreement",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> prompting the opposition <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">People Power Party</a> to criticize the Moon Jae-in administration for adopting a low-profile toward North Korea and allowing North Korea to take advantage of it.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>On June 10, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea reported two groups of defectors who had violated the regulations on the distribution of leaflets to the DPRK under the Korean Exchange and Cooperation Act and decided to cancel their registration licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> On June 14, the Korean government expressed concern over Kim's remarks,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> and the Ministry of National Defense held an emergency meeting at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_House" title="Blue House">Blue House</a> on the same morning to check the military's readiness and discuss how to deal with North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Events">Events</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yonhap_News_Agency" title="Yonhap News Agency">Yonhap News Agency</a> quoted sources as saying that the South Korean government observed vehicles suspected of carrying explosives at the inter-Korean Joint Liaison Office after Kim and Jung spoke on June 13.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> The South Korean military observed flames on the first and second floors of the office the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>On the morning of June 16, the General Staff Headquarters of the Korean People's Army issued a communiqué stating that it is fully prepared for the ongoing deterioration of inter-Korean relations and that it has firmly guaranteed any external measures taken by the party and the government from a military perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> In response, South Korean Defense Ministry spokesman Choi Hyun-soo stressed at a regular press conference that the South Korean military is on alert to deal with any situation at any time,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> and said the South Korean side will work closely with the U.S. to keep a close watch and track the movement of the North Korean forces.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> The government then observed a loud noise and smoke coming from the Kaesong Industrial Park in the afternoon, and the military immediately checked whether it was related to the demolition of the inter-Korean Liaison Office,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> and said it was stepping up its surveillance and alert of the North Korean side, while asking the frontline commander to take up his position to command the border guard force.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="Republic of Korea Army">Republic of Korea Army</a> confirmed through visual observation that the inter-Korean Liaison Office building in the Kaesong industrial area had been blown up, and the North Korean authorities later confirmed that the General Headquarters of the Korean People's Army had given orders to the mission unit to blow up the inter-Korean Liaison Office at 2:49 p.m. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Time_in_North_Korea" title="Time in North Korea">Pyongyang time</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> saying through the official media, Korean Central Broadcasting Station, that this was in response to the public opinion of the North Korean people.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the destruction of the office, the North Korean authorities said that they will redeploy military forces to the Kaesong industrial area and the Geumgang Mountain International Tourism Special Zone at the border, and reestablish posts and restart military drills.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> In response to the North Korean government's statement, the chief of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_(South_Korea)" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, Jeon Dong-jin,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> said that he will closely monitor the North Korean government's movement 24 hours a day and will respond strongly if provoked by military actions.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> The President of the Republic of Korea, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>, convened a plenary session of the National Security Council after learning of the destruction of his office,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> the ninth time since he took power.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> After the meeting, Kim Yoo-geun, secretary general of the National Security Council of Korea, said that the DPRK's action completely failed to meet the expectations of everyone who is looking forward to the development of inter-Korean relations and permanent peace on the Korean peninsula,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> and made it clear that the DPRK should be held responsible for all consequences arising from it.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> In regards to the North's bombing of the office, Yoon Do-han, chief secretary for national communications at Blue House, said that the South Korean government has not received any plans or notifications.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Korean diplomatic personnel dormitory adjacent to the office was also affected by the impact of the explosion, resulting in a collapse of the outer wall of the dormitory.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> According to the photos taken by the television station, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">Korean Broadcasting System</a>, on June 17 at a height of about 2000 meters in the no-fly zone along the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Military_Demarcation_Line" title="Military Demarcation Line">military demarcation line</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> it was also found that the comprehensive support center for the Kaesong Industrial Area near the office was also affected and seriously damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> On June 19th, South Korean government sources told the "<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">Korea JoongAng Daily</a></i>" that after analyzing the images of the South Korean army and the North Korean official media, it was found that the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/TNT" title="TNT">TNT</a> explosives set up by the North Korean explosion should amount to hundreds of kilograms.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Aftereffects">Aftereffects</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftereffects">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Inter-Korean_Relations">Inter-Korean Relations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inter-Korean Relations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>On June 15, the President of the Republic of Korea, Moon Jae-in, proposed to the DPRK to send the head of the Korean National Security Agency, Jung Eui-yong, and the head of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(South_Korea)" title="National Intelligence Service (South Korea)">Korean National Intelligence Service</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suh_Hoon" title="Suh Hoon">Suh Hoon,</a> as special envoys to meet with the chairman of the Korean Labor Party, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>, but on June 17, the DPRK rejected the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> In response to North Korea's unilateral message that it wanted to send envoys, Moon said that although the act was a bit too much, he would continue to explore ways to break through the Korean impasse in order to keep persuading North Korea and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> Under the situation where relations between North and South Korea continue to deteriorate, South Korean Minister of Unification Kim Yeon Jik resigned on the 17th taking responsibility for the degradation of inter-Korean relations.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> The spokesman of the Blue House, Kang Min Seok, said in a press conference on the morning of 19th that Moon Jae-in agreed to his resignation and said that Moon Jae-in had dinner with Kim Yain Tie on the evening of 18th and listened to Kim Yain Tie's position.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the North Korean government bombed the office, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the united front of the Korean Labor Party, said that there would be no more exchanges, cooperations or even talks between the two Koreas in the future, adding that "everything that has happened between the two sides should be treated as a dream",<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> while the North Korean government continued to push forward military measures and said through the official media that it had prepared more than 3,000 balloons and 12 million leaflets for "retaliatory punishment".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> The leaflets were published with a picture of Moon drinking tea, a string of mocking words and a lot of smoked cigarette butts on the end.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> The South Korean military said it will pay close attention to how the North Koreans act and the way they take action, and then return with any possible military response.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> The South Korean military also found that the North Korean government has reinstalled loudspeakers for "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological warfare</a>" in non-military areas, indicating that the two sides' previous efforts to improve relations have returned to square one<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup>.
</p><p>Kim Jong-un, Chairman of the Korean Labor Party, presided over the preparatory meeting of the 5th meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 23 and decided to suspend the implementation of the military action plan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> Some official media also deleted critical reports on the Korean authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup> The Korean media "Central Daily" pointed out that North Korea had observed the dismantling and reinstallation of loudspeakers at the Peace Observatory in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ganghwa_County" title="Ganghwa County">Ganghwa County</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a> Prefecture, while South Korean Congressman Kim Yong Ho expressed through the media,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> South Korea's Vice Minister of Unification, Xu Hu, confirmed that the DPRK had completely removed loudspeakers in the border areas when attending a private forum of the National Committee on Foreign Affairs Unification.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> After the suspension of critical reporting, the North Korean official media had not published any reports directly criticizing the South Korean government as of July 5.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> The North Korean foreign media only resumed writing articles criticizing the South Korean military and political parties on June 26.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p><p>On June 25, the 70th anniversary of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, South Korean President Moon Jae-in gave a speech, saying that he would protect the lives and security of his people at all costs and that Seoul has a strong all-round national defense force that will not tolerate any provocation,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> the first warning message to Pyongyang authorities since Moon took office.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> The Korean Foreign Ministry's Institute for Disarmament and Peace Research released a research report on the same day, saying that the withdrawal of the U.S. policy of hostility towards North Korea is the prerequisite for maintaining peace on the Korean Peninsula,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> and that the U.S. started the Korean War to cause the pain of national division on the Korean Peninsula, which is why North Korea is determined to take the path of nuclear self-defense.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> The Korean Defense Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeong_Kyeong-doo" title="Jeong Kyeong-doo">Jeong Kyeong-doo</a> and U.S. Defense Secretary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Mark Esper</a> issued a joint statement on the same day, calling on the North Korean authorities to exercise self-restraint and decide to maintain peace and security in Northeast Asia through trilateral and multilateral security cooperation between South Korea, the United States and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 8, Korean lawyer Lee Kyung-jae filed a lawsuit against Kim Woong-jung and Park Jung-tien, the chief of staff of the Korean People's Army, for damaging Korean public property.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> Lee Kyung-jae said that although the Korean government cannot actually punish Kim and Park, it wants to show the Korean people the hypocrisy of their leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 27, 2021, Park Soo-hyun, chief secretary for national communication at the Blue House in South Korea, said that the communication channel between the DPRK and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Republic of Korea</a> (ROK) was restored and that this is the first time that the leaders of both sides have reached an agreement on restarting the communication channel after repeatedly discussing the restoration of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">North Korea–South Korea relations</a> through correspondence since April 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_Central_News_Agency" title="Korean Central News Agency">Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)</a> also issued a communiqué on the same day,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup> stating that the whole nation is looking forward to the early restoration of North-South relations on the Korean Peninsula, which are in a state of frustration and stagnation, and reached an agreement on a major step towards restoring mutual trust and reconciliation by restoring the severed communication channels.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> After the interruption of the communication channel between the two Koreas, the DPRK side had not responded to the daily messages sent to the ROK side through the International Merchant Marine Network (IMN), but seven days after the restoration of the communication channel,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup> the DPRK side responded to the IMN calls, which also led to the full restoration of the military communication channel between the two Koreas.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> On August 1, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Korean Labor Party,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup> said that the reopening of the communication channel was only a physical link and that no other implications could be added, noting that "premature speculation and unfounded explanations will only bring disappointment.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>In an authorized statement on August 10, Kim Woong-jung, vice minister of the Central Committee of the Labor Party of Korea, said that the DPRK was "strongly dismayed by the treacherous behavior of the South Korean authorities" as the U.S. and South Korea insisted on starting joint military exercises that further aggravated the unstable situation despite the unanimous condemnation and opposition from inside and outside.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> Then, at 5 p.m. that day, the DPRK side did not answer the routine phone calls made by the South Korean side through the liaison office channel and the East-West Sea military communication line, cutting off the communication channel again after only 14 days, which had been restored on July 27.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> On the following day, Kim Young-chul, the minister of the Unification Front Department of the Korean Labor Party, issued a statement through the Korean Central News Agency,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup> saying that the Korean side had given up the opportunity to improve inter-Korean relations and had reciprocated the North's goodwill with hostile acts, pointing out that Kim Woong-jung, the deputy minister of the Central Committee, had been commissioned by the party's Central Committee to issue a statement on the first day as an opportunity for the North to give the Korean side a choice.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup> In this regard, the Korean Ministry of Unification issued a position on the same day after consolidating the positions of relevant departments, saying that it is not in the interest of any party to aggravate tensions on the Korean peninsula and urging the DPRK to restart dialogue as soon as possible, and that the ROK will not prejudge the direction of the DPRK's response in the future, but will continue to pay close attention to relevant movements.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 29, Kim Jong-un, chairman of the Korean Workers' Party, delivered a policy speech on "the current direction of struggle for new development of socialist construction" at the 5th session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup> pointing out that the pipeline between the two sides is expected to be restored in early October of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup> The government's position on the issue was published by the Unification Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> On October 4, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) issued a communiqué stating that all communication lines were reopened at 9:00 p.m. that day, and that the relevant South Korean authorities should be aware of the significance of the reopening.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> The Korean Ministry of Unification also confirmed on the same day that the North-South Joint Liaison Office and the South Korean military had resumed normal bilateral communication,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup> while Blue House did not formally state its position on the resumption of communication between the two sides, but only responded to the position expressed by the Ministry of Unification and the Ministry of National Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Japanese_and_U.S._Approaches">Japanese and U.S. Approaches</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Japanese and U.S. Approaches">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>On June 16, The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">prime minister of Japan</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a>, said he would "work closely with South Korea and the United States and analyze intelligence to respond" after being informed of the bombing of the inter-Korean liaison office,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup> while the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chief_Cabinet_Secretary" title="Chief Cabinet Secretary">Chief Cabinet Secretary</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Yoshihide Suga</a> said at a press conference on June 17 that the Japanese government was very concerned about North Korea's actions and that it was "maintaining the necessary alert posture in order to be fully prepared for all incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> issued a statement saying that the North Korean authorities should avoid further counterproductive actions and said it decided to extend sanctions against North Korea for one year,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup> the fourth time since President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> took office,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup> because North Korea's actions and policies continue to pose "an unusual and extraordinary threat" to U.S. national security, foreign policy and the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup> The U.S. Department of Defense said it will actively discuss with South Korea the feasibility of joint military exercises.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup>
</p><p>Korean military sources pointed out on June 17 that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lockheed_EP-3" title="Lockheed EP-3">EP-3E</a> electronic reconnaissance aircraft and U.S. Army RC-12X reconnaissance aircraft stationed in Korea were flying over the Korean Capital Territory on that day to implement surveillance and reconnaissance missions against North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup> A military aircraft tracking site said the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boeing_RC-135" title="Boeing RC-135">RC-135W</a> reconnaissance aircraft in the morning of the 18th over the Korean capital circle.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup> On June 22, the military aircraft tracking website also pointed out that two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52</a> Stratospheric Fortress bombers were observed flying from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>'s Aisin base to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a> via Japan, which was seen as a measure to warn the North Korean side.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup> The U.S. Air Force released photos of a joint <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elephant_walk_(aeronautics)" title="Elephant walk (aeronautics)">elephant walk</a> exercise with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japanese Air Self-Defense Force</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Misawa_Air_Base" title="Misawa Air Base">Misawa Airfield</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori Prefecture</a> on the 23rd.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_Reactions">Other Reactions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other Reactions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Following the bombing of the North-South Joint Liaison Office, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> spokesman Dmitry Sergeyevich Peskov issued a statement expressing concern about the situation on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a> and calling on both Koreas to remain calm,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup> but at this stage the Russian government has no plans to help ease tensions on the Korean Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup> The European Union issued a statement on the matter, stating that it deeply regretted the recent actions of North Korea and said that the Pyongyang authorities should refrain from further provocative and destructive actions.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> reiterated its support for the Korean government's efforts to achieve peace and prosperity on the peninsula and the need to reignite dialogue between the parties,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></sup> according to a joint press release issued after a video conference between EU Summit President Charles Michel and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">EU Executive Committee President</a> Ursula von der Leyen on June 30 and President Moon Jae-in of the Republic of Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China</a> is also working with the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) to improve the relationship between the two countries,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></sup> and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">The president of the Republic of China</a>, Tsai Ing-wen, said that the government of the Republic of China is closely concerned about the development of the border conflict between China and India and the tension on the Korean Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></sup> The government has also issued a statement saying that the national security team is closely monitoring the latest developments and is in constant contact with all relevant countries.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_Disputes">Related Disputes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related Disputes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Airborne_flyers_controversial_content">Airborne flyers controversial content</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Airborne flyers controversial content">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The message pointed out that the flyer floated to North Korea was related to the malicious <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Photograph_manipulation" title="Photograph manipulation">photograph manipulation</a> of Kim Jong-un's wife, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ri_Sol-ju" title="Ri Sol-ju">Ri Sol-ju</a>, as the protagonist of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">pornographic film</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></sup> and that South Korean netizens did not approve of the flyer's content and considered it crazy and bad.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></sup> The named "Free Korean Movement Alliance" said that the leaflet was not produced by it, and pointed out that the leaflet had appeared in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></sup> According to a check by the Korean media outlet World Journal, it was confirmed that the malicious leaflet was put out by extreme conservative groups such as Pyongyang Citizens' Association and Blue Union in October 2013 when <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Park_Geun-hye" title="Park Geun-hye">Park Geun-hye</a> was in power.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Concerns_about_violations_of_free_speech">Concerns about violations of free speech</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Concerns about violations of free speech">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>On July 17, the Ministry of Unification of Korea officially revoked the permission for the establishment of the "Free North Korea Movement Alliance" and "Daechuan", a group of North Korean defector groups.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></sup> The government also said that the groups are not in line with the purpose of their establishment,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></sup> but also endanger the safety of residents in the border areas of Korea and North Korea, and aggravate the tension in the peninsula, which is detrimental to national interests.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></sup> The US government is of the opinion that South Korea is giving in to North Korea's demands and abandoning its dignity as an exemplary democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Subsequent_Actions">Subsequent Actions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Subsequent Actions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Korean_government_draws_fire_for_new_law">Korean government draws fire for new law</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Korean government draws fire for new law">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>On December 3, 2020, the ruling United <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Korea" title="Democratic Party of Korea">Democratic Party</a> (UDP) sent a draft of the "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly of Korea</a> for scrutiny, which covers the prohibition of propaganda shouting through leaflets and loudspeakers against the North Korean side in border areas.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></sup> However, the bill is strongly supported by the Common <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> and suppresses the opposition's views, causing dissatisfaction among the opposition parties in Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></sup> U.S. Republican Congressman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Smith_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)">Chris Smith</a> expressed concern over the implementation of the bill by the South Korean parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></sup> In response to concerns about infringement of freedom of speech, South Korean Foreign Minister <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kang_Kyung-wha" title="Kang Kyung-wha">Kang Kyung-wha</a> said in an interview with CNN that freedom of speech is crucial to human rights, but it does not mean that it is unquestionable, but needs to be restricted.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the bill was passed on Dec. 14, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fighters_for_a_Free_North_Korea" title="Fighters for a Free North Korea">Fighters for a Free North Korea</a>, a group of defectors, said it would file a lawsuit against the bill for unconstitutionality.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></sup> The American <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_Rights_Foundation" title="Human Rights Foundation">Human Rights Foundation</a> stated that it had sent letters to the National Assembly, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Unification Ministry, the ruling United Democratic Party and the largest opposition party, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">People Power Party</a>, before the December 9 debate on the bill, stating that the bill infringes on freedom of speech and is unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> called the bill a misguided strategy to win the favor of Kim Jong-un.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></sup> After the passage of the bill, the Unification Ministry of Korea said that although freedom of speech is provided for in the Korean constitution, the safety of people's lives at the border is more important, and pointed out that the new law only restricts some forms of freedom of speech at a minimum.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></sup>
</p><p>At the end of March 2021, the amended "Propaganda Prohibition Act against North Korea" came into effect, which prohibits the delivery of anti-North Korean leaflets and loudspeaker shouting along the military demarcation line.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></sup> The Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the hearing did not affect the Korea-US alliance,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></sup> and pointed out that the Korean government will continue to introduce the purpose of the law to the U.S. Congress,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></sup> the State Department and human rights groups and other relevant parties, and strive for the Korean government's position to be fully reflected in this hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></sup>
</p><p>In response to the Korean government's amendment, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> wrote to the Korean government expressing concern about the negative impact of the law on the right to freedom of expression and the legitimate activities of some civil society groups and human rights advocates in Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></sup> and requesting information on whether the amendment complies with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">international human rights law</a> and the scope of illegal activities under the amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></sup> The UN Special Rapporteur on North Korea, Tomas Ojea Quintana, said last December that he had recommended that South Korea reconsider the amendment in accordance with the due process of the relevant democratic institutions before implementing the law. In protest, the Alliance for a Free North Korea Movement, a group of defectors, again dropped 500,000 flyers from April 25 to 29 along the military demarcation line from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paju" title="Paju">Paju</a> City, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province" title="Gyeonggi Province">Gyeonggi Province</a>, to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gangwon_Province,_South_Korea" title="Gangwon Province, South Korea">Gangwon Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korean reunification</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Balloon_propaganda_campaigns_in_Korea" title="Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea">Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>"Psychological warfare shouting" is one of the specific tools of psychological warfare in the battlefield, combining with other psychological warfare actions to respond to military operations.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Inter-Korean_Liaison_Office_bombing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723143050/https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6+%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E5%BA%A6%E6%BF%80%E6%80%92%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93/?variant=zh-hk">"南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦 料再度激怒北韓"</a>. 加拿大星島日報. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singtao.ca/4369639/2020-07-16/news-南韓調查金與正炸毀兩韓聯絡辦+料再度激怒北韓/?variant=zh-hk">the original</a> on 2020-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6+%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E5%BA%A6%E6%BF%80%E6%80%92%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93&rft.pub=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%9F%E5%B3%B6%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.singtao.ca%2F4369639%2F2020-07-16%2Fnews-%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%80%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6%2B%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E5%BA%A6%E6%BF%80%E6%80%92%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%2F%3Fvariant%3Dzh-hk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200717075318/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx">"金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查"</a>. 中央社. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202007160360.aspx">the original</a> on 2020-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E6%8C%A8%E5%91%8A+%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E6%AA%A2%E6%96%B9%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2Fnews%2Faopl%2F202007160360.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113023442/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403">"金與正炸兩韓聯絡辦公室挨告 南韓檢方展開調查"</a>. 中央廣播電台. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2072403">the original</a> on 2021-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E7%82%B8%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E6%8C%A8%E5%91%8A+%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E6%AA%A2%E6%96%B9%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rti.org.tw%2Fnews%2Fview%2Fid%2F2072403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223114411/https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/">"南韓檢方立案，就金與正下令炸毁兩韓聯絡辦作刑事調查"</a>. 端傳媒. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theinitium.com/article/20200717-evening-brief/">the original</a> on 2020-12-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E6%AA%A2%E6%96%B9%E7%AB%8B%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%8C%E5%B0%B1%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%8B%E4%BB%A4%E7%82%B8%E6%AF%81%E5%85%A9%E9%9F%93%E8%81%AF%E7%B5%A1%E8%BE%A6%E4%BD%9C%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5&rft.pub=%E7%AB%AF%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheinitium.com%2Farticle%2F20200717-evening-brief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031152/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72367">"南北韩通信联络线27日上午重新开通"</a>. 韓國國際廣播電台. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72367">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E7%BA%BF27%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A&rft.pub=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123940/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751">"朝中社公报：采取措施重启北南通讯联络线"</a>. 由我們民族自己. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35751">the original</a> on 2021-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%A4%BE%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%87%E5%8F%96%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AF%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%97%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E7%BA%BF&rft.pub=%E7%94%B1%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uriminzokkiri.com%2Findex.php%3Flang%3Dchn%26ptype%3Dcfodoc%26mtype%3Dview%26no%3D35751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031218/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso">"朝中社：朝韩首脑近期多次来往亲笔信，朝韩将重启所有通讯联络线"</a>. 環球時報. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.huanqiu.com/article/446gGsJaFso">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E8%BF%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%A4%9A%E6%AC%A1%E6%9D%A5%E5%BE%80%E4%BA%B2%E7%AC%94%E4%BF%A1%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E5%B0%86%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AF%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E7%BA%BF&rft.pub=%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.huanqiu.com%2Farticle%2F446gGsJaFso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820013828/http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409">"南北韩东海地区军事通信线恢复正常"</a>. 韓國國際廣播電台. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72409">the original</a> on 2021-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%BA%BF%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8&rft.pub=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031204/https://cdn.flipboard.com/dev_O/clear.gif?utm_source=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72470">"北韩首次回应韩方国际商船通信网呼叫"</a>. 韓國國際廣播電台. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&Seq_Code=72470">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%9B%9E%E5%BA%94%E9%9F%A9%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%95%86%E8%88%B9%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%BD%91%E5%91%BC%E5%8F%AB&rft.pub=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26Seq_Code%3D72470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210822121114/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886">"朝鲜劳动党中央委员会副部长金与正发表谈话"</a>. 由我們民族自己. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=35886">the original</a> on 2021-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%89%AF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E9%87%91%E4%B8%8E%E6%AD%A3%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%9D&rft.pub=%E7%94%B1%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uriminzokkiri.com%2Findex.php%3Flang%3Dchn%26ptype%3Dcfodoc%26mtype%3Dview%26no%3D35886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031222/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy">"金与正发表谈话：朝鲜政府和军队将密切注视韩国再搞军演，或作出果断决断！"</a>. 環球時報. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.huanqiu.com/article/44BE8ZTFgzy">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E4%B8%8E%E6%AD%A3%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%9D%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%8C%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F%E5%B0%86%E5%AF%86%E5%88%87%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%86%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%8D%E6%90%9E%E5%86%9B%E6%BC%94%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%87%BA%E6%9E%9C%E6%96%AD%E5%86%B3%E6%96%AD%EF%BC%81&rft.pub=%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.huanqiu.com%2Farticle%2F44BE8ZTFgzy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031150/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001">"朝鲜劳动党中央副部长金与正发表谈话"</a>. 勞動新聞. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rodong.rep.kp/cn/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2021-08-11-0001">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%89%AF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E9%87%91%E4%B8%8E%E6%AD%A3%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%9D&rft.pub=%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rodong.rep.kp%2Fcn%2Findex.php%3FstrPageID%3DSF01_02_01%26newsID%3D2021-08-11-0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/NfBYR">"金與正抨擊韓美聯合軍演是"南朝-{}-鮮的背信棄義"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>東亞日報</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donga.com/tw/List/article/all/20210811/2847547/1">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E9%87%91%E8%88%87%E6%AD%A3%E6%8A%A8%E6%93%8A%E9%9F%93%E7%BE%8E%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D%E6%BC%94%E6%98%AF%E2%80%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D-%7B%7D-%E9%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%83%8C%E4%BF%A1%E6%A3%84%E7%BE%A9%E2%80%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donga.com%2Ftw%2FList%2Farticle%2Fall%2F20210811%2F2847547%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210822124442/http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024">"朝鲜劳动党中央部长金英哲发表谈话"</a>. 由我們民族自己. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?lang=chn&ptype=cfodoc&mtype=view&no=36024">the original</a> on 2021-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E5%93%B2%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E8%B0%88%E8%AF%9D&rft.pub=%E7%94%B1%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uriminzokkiri.com%2Findex.php%3Flang%3Dchn%26ptype%3Dcfodoc%26mtype%3Dview%26no%3D36024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881">"朝鮮批韓美聯演稱將讓韓方面臨安全危機"</a>. 韓國聯合通訊社. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811000500881">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%89%B9%E9%9F%93%E7%BE%8E%E8%81%AF%E6%BC%94%E7%A8%B1%E5%B0%87%E8%AE%93%E9%9F%93%E6%96%B9%E9%9D%A2%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F&rft.pub=%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FACK20210811000500881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821031151/https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881">"韓回應朝談話：加劇緊張無好處 需重啟對話"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20210811003500881">the original</a> on 2021-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%9F%93%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E6%9C%9D%E8%AB%87%E8%A9%B1%EF%BC%9A%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%87%E7%B7%8A%E5%BC%B5%E7%84%A1%E5%A5%BD%E8%99%95+%E9%9C%80%E9%87%8D%E5%95%9F%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FACK20210811003500881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210626081625/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">"联合国北韩人权报告员：了解限制对北韩散发传单的必要性"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&id=IK&Seq_Code=71569">the original</a> on 2021-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E5%91%98%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%86%E8%A7%A3%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E5%AF%B9%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%A9%E6%95%A3%E5%8F%91%E4%BC%A0%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E6%80%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frki.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3Dc%26id%3DIK%26Seq_Code%3D71569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610105243/https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk">"涉空飄50萬張反朝傳單 脫北者組織違韓朝關係法"</a>. Sing Tao Daily 星島日報加拿大. 2021-04-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singtao.ca/4913993/2021-04-30/news-%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95/?variant=zh-hk">the original</a> on 2021-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B6%89%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%8450%E8%90%AC%E5%BC%B5%E5%8F%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE+%E8%84%AB%E5%8C%97%E8%80%85%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E9%81%95%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%9D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%B3%95&rft.pub=Sing+Tao+Daily+%E6%98%9F%E5%B3%B6%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.singtao.ca%2F4913993%2F2021-04-30%2Fnews-%25E6%25B6%2589%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E9%25A3%258450%25E8%2590%25AC%25E5%25BC%25B5%25E5%258F%258D%25E6%259C%259D%25E5%2582%25B3%25E5%2596%25AE%2B%25E8%2584%25AB%25E5%258C%2597%25E8%2580%2585%25E7%25B5%2584%25E7%25B9%2594%25E9%2581%2595%25E9%259F%2593%25E6%259C%259D%25E9%2597%259C%25E4%25BF%2582%25E6%25B3%2595%2F%3Fvariant%3Dzh-hk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInter-Korean+Liaison+Office+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1680745580' |
