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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|2015 Filipino historical film}}
{{about|the biopic war film with General Antonio Luna|a biography about the Filipino general|Antonio Luna}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Heneral jona
| image = Heneral Luna film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official movie poster
| director = [[Jerrold Tarog]]
| producer = Fernando Ortigas
| writers = {{Plainlist|
* Henry Francia
* E.A. Rocha
* Jerrold Tarog
}}
| based_on = [[Personal life|Life]] of [[Antonio Luna]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[John Arcilla]]
* [[Mon Confiado]]
* [[Arron Villaflor]]
* [[Joem Bascon]]
* [[Archie Alemania]]
* [[Epi Quizon]]
* [[Nonie Buencamino]]
* [[Paulo Avelino]]
* [[Leo Martinez]]
* [[Mylene Dizon]]
* [[Ronnie Lazaro]]
}}
| music = Jerrold Tarog
| cinematography = Pong Ignacio
| editing = Jerrold Tarog
| studio = [[TBA Studios|Artikulo Uno Productions]]
| distributor = {{ubl|Quantum Films|Abramorama {{small|(United States)}}<ref name=Abramorama>{{cite news|last1=Saepoff|first1=Sonya|title=Abramorama to Release Philippine Academy Award Entry 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/abramorama-to-release-philippine-academy-award-entry-heneral-luna-20151020|access-date=October 23, 2015|work=[[Indiewire]]|publisher=Indiewire.com|date=October 20, 2015}}</ref>}}
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|09}}
| runtime = 118 minutes
| country = Philippines
| language = [[Filipino language|Filipino]]<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]]<br>[[English language|English]]
| budget = {{Philippine peso|80 million|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/180772/heneral-luna-lesson-in-breaking-the-rules|title='Heneral Luna': Lesson in breaking the rules|author=Bayani San Diego Jr.|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=October 11, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = {{Philippine Peso|256 million}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pep.ph/news/62252/john-lloyd-bea-vice-coco-vic-ai-ai-lead-winners-at-the-box-office-entertainment-awards| title=John Lloyd, Bea, Vice, Coco, Vic, Ai-Ai lead winners at the Box Office Entertainment Awards|publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal|date=February 21, 2016|access-date=February 21, 2016|language=fil}}</ref>
}}
'''''Heneral Luna''''' ({{literal translation|General Luna}}) is a 2015 Filipino [[epic film|epic]] [[war film|war]] film starring [[John Arcilla]] as the titular character [[Antonio Luna]] who led the [[Philippine Revolutionary Army]] during the early phases of the [[PhilippineâAmerican War]]. Directed by [[Jerrold Tarog]] and produced by Artikulo Uno Productions, the film received critical acclaim from critics, praising its cinematography, writing, acting and plot. The film was selected as the Philippine entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[88th Academy Awards]] but it was not nominated.<ref name="Philippines">{{cite web |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/ |title='Heneral Luna' is PH official entry to Oscar best foreign language film category |work=Interaksyon |date=September 21, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060039/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
With a production budget of {{Philippine Peso|80 million}},<ref name="breaksEven">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/180777/heneral-luna-earns-p240m-breaks-even|title='Heneral Luna' earns P240 million, breaks even|author=Bayani San Diego Jr.|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=October 11, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Variety">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/asia/philippines-sends-heneral-luna-to-battle-for-foreign-language-oscar-1201598556/ |title=Philippines Sends 'Heneral Luna' To Battle for Foreign-Language Oscar |work=Variety |date=September 21, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015}}</ref> it is one of the most expensive Filipino [[epic film|epic]] historical films ever released. On September 29, 2015, it broke the previous record of {{Philippine peso|160 million}} to become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time.<ref name="160Mkickerdaily">{{Cite web|url=https://kickerdaily.com/posts/2015/09/heneral-luna-mark-third-week/|title='Heneral Luna' breaks P160M mark on third week, producer confident of sequel|first=Marcus|last=V}}</ref><ref name="160Mabscbn">{{Cite web |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/30/15/heneral-luna-continues-charge-hits-p160m|title='Heneral Luna' continues charge, hits P160M|first=ABS-CBN|last=News|website=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=September 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/180003/heneral-luna-now-highest-grossing-filipino-historical-film-of-all-time|title='Heneral Luna' now 'highest-grossing Filipino historical film of all time'|website=entertainment.inquirer.net|date=October 2015}}</ref> Despite a 50% discount that was offered to student viewers,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/ |title='Heneral Luna' draws bigger crowds, adds more theaters on second week | Entertainment News â InterAksyon.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923102638/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015}}</ref> by the beginning of its fourth week, the film was well on its way to reaching the {{Philippine peso|200 million}} gross ticket sales.<ref name=alonso1>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1041317259225385&set=a.113724021984718.13764.100000413632532&type=3|title=HENERAL LUNA's countdown to achieve the 200M break even point|author=Atty. Joji Alonso|publisher=Facebook.com}}</ref> On October 11, it was officially announced that the film had reached its {{Philippine Peso|240 million}} break even point.<ref name="breaksEven" /> The film's success spawned the sequel ''[[Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral]]'', which focuses on General [[Gregorio Del Pilar]] during the PhilippineâAmerican War.
==Plot==
Towards the end of the 19th century, [[History of the Philippines (1565â1898)|Spanish colonial rule over the Philippines]] came to an [[Philippine Revolution|end]] and the country [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|gained its independence]]. Unwilling to face humiliation, Spain secretly sells the archipelago to the [[SpanishâAmerican War|victorious Americans]] for $20,000,000 during the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]].
At the [[Barasoain Church]] in [[Malolos]], during a cabinet meeting over the growing American presence in the Philippines, cabinet members [[Felipe Buencamino]] and [[Pedro Paterno]] propose to form an alliance with the Americans to avoid open conflict but this angers Generals [[Antonio Luna]] and [[José Alejandrino]], both of whom prefer to fight the new invaders. Meanwhile, President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] attempts to negotiate with the Americans over the control of [[Manila]], which is still under Spanish control. They eventually learn that the Spaniards and Americans [[Battle of Manila (1898)|staged a battle]] which ended with the complete control of Manila transferred to the latter, thereby bringing the Philippines under American control. After [[Battle of Manila (1899)| an incident between American and Filipino soldiers in Manila]], Aguinaldo starts [[Philippine-American War|a brutal resistance]] against the Americans to protect the country's independence.
Luna and his trusted officersâColonel [[Paco Roman|Francisco âPacoâ RomĂĄn]], Captain Eduardo Rusca, and the Bernal brothers Captain JosĂ© and Major Manuelâbegin an arduous campaign against the Americans, only to face a number of setbacks. During a battle, Luna asks for reinforcements from the [[Kawit]] battalion but their commander Pedro Janolino refuses as the order did not come from Aguinaldo himself. Infuriated, Luna brutally humiliates and demotes Janolino. Luna then declares his infamous "Article One", which states that those refusing to follow his orders shall be executed on the spot, to put insubordinate soldiers and officers under his control while mobilizing more men [[Philippine Revolutionary Army|for the army]]. In another meeting, Buencamino and Paterno propose to have the country become a protectorate under American rule in an attempt to secure peace, prompting Luna to arrest them as traitors. Luna's campaign is soon undermined by General [[TomĂĄs Mascardo]], who defies his orders. While the two generals prepare to clash in [[Pampanga]], the Americans advance steadily, forcing the Filipino army to retreat up north alongside Aguinaldo. Distraught over the growing disunity within the Filipino army, Luna attempts to resign. Aguinaldo rejects Luna's request but he approves his other request to establish a headquarters in the north where they can launch a guerilla campaign against the Americans.
Not long after, Luna is summoned to the President's headquarters in [[Cabanatuan]] after receiving news that he has been given a position in the President's new cabinet. Despite suspicions from his officers, Luna goes with Rusca and RomĂĄn beside him. Upon arrival, he discovers that Aguinaldo has left, with Buencamino, who has been released, the only cabinet member remaining. After a heated argument with Buencamino, Luna encounters Janolino and his men who brutally murder him. RomĂĄn is also killed in his failed attempt to save his commander while a wounded Rusca surrenders. In the aftermath, most of Luna's officers are arrested while some are tortured and killed, including the Bernal brothers. Meanwhile, Aguinaldo requests Luna and RomĂĄn be buried with full military honors while the killers are never arrested and tried for their crimes. Several decades after the war, Aguinaldo denies his involvement in Luna's assassination, calling him his most brilliant and capable general.
In a mid-credits scene, General [[Gregorio del Pilar]] prepares to cover Aguinaldo's retreat to the north. He inspects Luna's remaining men and orders his aide, Colonel Vicente EnrĂquez, to select 60 of them for the [[Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral|coming battle]].
==Cast==
===Historical characters===
*[[John Arcilla]] as [[Antonio Luna|Gen. Antonio Luna]]
*[[Mon Confiado]] as [[Emilio Aguinaldo|President Emilio Aguinaldo]]
====Members of Aguinaldo's Presidential Cabinet====
{{colbegin}}
*[[Epy Quizon]] as [[Apolinario Mabini|Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini]]
*[[Alvin Anson]] as [[José Alejandrino|Gen. José Alejandrino]]
*[[Nonie Buencamino]] as [[Felipe Buencamino|Felipe Buencamino Sr.]]
*[[Leo Martinez]] as [[Pedro Paterno]]
{{colend}}
====Antonio Luna's general staff====
*[[Joem Bascon]] as [[Paco RomĂĄn|Col. Francisco "Paco" RomĂĄn]]
*Art Acuña as Maj. Manuel Bernal
*[[Alex Medina]] as Capt. José Bernal
*[[Archie Alemania]] as Capt. Eduardo Rusca
*[[Ronnie Lazaro]] as Lt. GarcĂa
====Members of the "Cavite Faction" of the Philippine Republican Army====
{{colbegin}}
*Lorenz Martinez as [[TomĂĄs Mascardo|Gen. TomĂĄs Mascardo]]
*[[Ketchup Eusebio]] as Capt. Pedro Janolino
*Anthony Falcon as Sgt. DĂaz, messenger of General Mascardo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976|title=Anthony Falcon|publisher=nbrcnparks.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001002533/http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976|archive-date=October 1, 2015}}</ref>
{{colend}}
====Other Philippine Republican Army personnel====
{{colbegin}}
*[[Paulo Avelino]] as [[Gregorio del Pilar|Gen. Gregorio "Goyong" del Pilar]]
*[[Benjamin Alves]] as [[Manuel L. Quezon|Lt. Manuel Quezon]]
{{colend}}
====United States Army personnel====
{{colbegin}}
*Miguel Faustmann as [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.|Gen. Arthur MacArthur Jr.]]<ref name="faustmann1">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1609225182651545&id=1428125470761518|title=March 26 post by Miguel Faustmann on his role as Arthur MacArthur|author=Miguel Faustmann|publisher=Facebook}}</ref>
*Greg Dorris as [[Elwell Stephen Otis|Maj. Gen. Elwell Otis]]
*E.A. Rocha as [[Wesley Merritt|Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt]]
*David Bianco as Maj. Peter Lorry Smith
*Rob Rownd as Col. Boyd
{{colend}}
====Other supporting characters====
{{colbegin}}
*Bing Pimentel as Laureana Luna, mother of Antonio Luna
*[[Allan Paule]] as [[Juan Luna]], brother of Antonio Luna
*[[Marc Abaya]] as young Antonio Luna
*[[Perla Bautista]] as Trinidad Aguinaldo, mother of Emilio Aguinaldo
*Dido de la Paz as Don JoaquĂn Luna de San Pedro, father of Antonio Luna
*Junjun Quintana as [[José Rizal]]
*[[Nico Antonio]] as [[Andrés Bonifacio]]
*Jake Feraren as [[Procopio Bonifacio]]
*[[Carlo Aquino]] as Col. Vicente EnrĂquez<!--Aquino was seen in the mid-credits scene-->
{{colend}}
===Fictional or composite characters===
*[[Arron Villaflor]] as Joven HernĂĄndo, the film's POV character, a fictional journalist interviewing Luna.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ante|first=Kimberly|title=Napansin n'yo ba si Joven Hernando sa 'Heneral Luna?'|website=rappler.com|publisher=Rappler Inc.|location=Ortigas Center, Pasig|date=September 27, 2015|language=fil|url=http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/ispeak/107265-joven-antonio-luna-bagong-henerasyon|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Mylene Dizon]] as Isabel, a [[composite character]] of several of the historical Luna's love interests.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Roque | first = Mylah R.| title = Why 'Heneral Luna' should not be missed | website = verafiles.org | publisher = VERA Files | location = Metro Manila | date =September 17, 2015 | url = http://verafiles.org/why-heneral-luna-should-not-be-missed/ | access-date =September 27, 2015}}</ref>
==Production==
===Screenplay===
The first draft of ''Heneral Luna'' was written in 1998 by E.A. Rocha and Henry Hunt Francia, who chose to write about Antonio Luna after being hired by [[Cirio Santiago]] to write a television script for a television series in celebration of the centennial of Philippine independence. When the series failed to push through, Rocha and Francia were asked to rewrite the script as a feature-length film. The film did not go into production, however, and was shelved for seventeen years.<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer">{{cite news|last1=Concepcion|first1=Pocholo|title=How the film 'Heneral Luna' finally saw the light of day|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/205059/how-the-film-heneral-luna-finally-saw-the-light-of-day|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=August 31, 2015|language=en, fil}}</ref> Francia died before the film's release.<ref name=release/> Eventually, [[Leo Martinez]] convinced Rocha to submit the script to the [[Film Development Council of the Philippines]].<ref name="BTSscreenplay">
{{cite AV media
| people = E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Screenplay
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Kw_VOgidIE}}</ref>
Jerrold Tarog, who had separately developed an interest in making a film about Antonio Luna after reading literature about him, learned about the Rocha and Francia script, and asked if he could use it for his planned film. Tarog got permission to re-write the script, which was originally written entirely in English,<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero">{{cite web|last=Lucero|first=Zach|author-link=Zach Lucero|title=Heneral Luna⊠a song worth watchingâŠ|website=Radio Republic|date=September 24, 2015|url=http://radiorepublic.ph/jerroldtarog-heneralluna-interview/|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> and then asked fellow director [[Alvin Yapan]] to help translate it into formal Tagalog.<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/> Tarog then tweaked the script further, simplifying it, and adapting it further for the appreciation of modern audiences.<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero"/><ref name="INTERVIEWhontiveros2">
{{cite AV media
| people = [[Pia Hontiveros]], Art Acuña, E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog
| title = news.PH: Heneral Luna (Part 2)
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-XbCj9TLLc}}</ref>
Notably, one of Tarog's later changes was to separate the Mascardo and Janolino characters, which at one point had been merged into a composite character, "Mascolino", who would have taken on characteristics of both historical characters. Tarog indicated that separating the characters would help flesh the film out further, and give it more highlights.<ref name="BTSscreenplay"/>
The characters of Paco RomĂĄn and Eduardo Rusca, who were portrayed in a character triptych with Luna in the film, were written to be polar opposites. RomĂĄn would be a more controlled, logical character who would help bring out a more controlled side of Luna, while Rusca would be a more passionate character who could provide moments of levity throughout the film.<ref name="BTStarogroles">
{{cite AV media
| people = Jerrold Tarog
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes:Directing, Editing and Scoring
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvugIo2_u1w}}</ref>
In an interview on Filipino music website Radio Republic, Tarog, who has a degree in music composition from the [[UP College of Music|College of Music]] at the [[University of the Philippines Diliman]],<ref>2011. DVD Commentary, Confessional (2007)</ref> indicated that he approached ''Heneral Luna'', as with all his other films, from a musical perspective. He revealed that he sometimes even did so literally - using a musical staff to lay out scenes, plotting out highs and lows, with notes corresponding scenes, and the pitch of the note corresponding to the mood.<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero"/>
Among Tarog's references during the rewriting of the script were [[National Artist of the Philippines|Philippine National Artist]] [[Nick Joaquin]]'s ''A Question of Heroes'', which he used as a guide to the film's tone and in humanizing the character of the titular protagonist; and Vivencio José's ''The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna'', which Tarog used as the primary source on Antonio Luna's life.<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/>
===Pre-production===
Before meeting with Rocha regarding revising the script for the film, Tarog approached mainstream producers to do the film; he was however met with skepticism and doubts over the film's marketability, as they assumed that such a historical film "will be boring" or would not appeal to a mainstream audience. Tarog expressed difficulty into convincing them otherwise, lamenting that the local film industry has been institutionalized into producing films [[Low culture|solely for entertainment]], without taking into account those that "contribute to the minds of the people".<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/><ref name="BTSproducers">{{cite AV media
| people = EA Rocha, Fernando Ortigas
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Producers
| date = July 28, 2015
| url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLtYwufd5OE}}</ref>
The film was bankrolled by businessman Fernando Ortigas' film production outfit Artikulo Uno Productions, which takes its name from the [[PhilippineâAmerican War]] military directive, prominently referenced in the film. Ortigas himself makes a brief cameo in the film.<ref name="BTSproducers"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Biz Buzz: Ortigas in 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://business.inquirer.net/199621/biz-buzz-ortigas-in-heneral-luna|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=September 23, 2015}}</ref> Ortigas and Rocha served as co-producers of the film.<ref name="BTSproducers"/> Ortigas remarked that if he would have received the script for the film a week earlier than he did, he would have just junked the script because he was not in a good state of mind to work with films at that time. He comments that the script arrived "at the right time" and said he enjoyed it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/business/10/09/15/why-heneral-luna-was-almost-shelved-producer|title=Why 'Heneral Luna' was almost shelved by producer|publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=October 9, 2015|access-date=October 10, 2015}}</ref>
The film went through a long pre-production phase, which allowed the film's various departments to cope with the challenges of filming a period film in contemporary settings.<ref name="BTSproducers"/> With roughly 90% of the film needing to be shot on location, the film required extensive location shoots in the few areas in the Philippines which still matched the architecture and environment of the period.<ref name="BTScinematography">{{cite AV media
| people = Pong Ignacio
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Screenplay
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwwZS0dcCEU}}</ref>
===Casting===
Speaking at a press conference for 2015 Quezon City International Film Festival, at the beginning of the film's fourth week, Producer and co-writer E.A. Rocha noted that no expense was to be spared in getting "only actors suited for the role" instead of big-name stars. Tarog said his experiences on watching John Arcilla's performance in Raymond Red's short film ''Anino'' and later in the feature film ''[[Metro Manila (film)|Metro Manila]]'' later influenced him to cast Arcilla as General Luna.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
===Filming===
To keep costs down and cope with the requirements of shooting a historical film in modern settings, the film hewed close to its very tightly planned shotlist.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/> Tarog revealed that he designed his shots to reflect the two sides of Luna's personality - mostly straightforward shots to reflect his bluntness, and longer steadicam shots in moments that revealed his poetic side.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
[[Cinematographer]] Pong Ignacio drew inspiration from paintings from the film's period, including Antonio Luna's brother, [[Juan Luna|Juan]], and referenced numerous films portraying trench warfare, citing [[Stanley Kubrick]]'s 1957 film ''[[Paths of Glory]]'' as a particular inspiration.<ref name="BTScinematography"/> Ignacio recounts that the flashback scene to Luna's childhood, which was a single long [[steadicam shot]] involving an elaborate set, was the most challenging shot of the film.<ref name="BTScinematography"/>
===Makeup and prosthetics===
Makeup and prosthetics for the film referred extensively to actual pictures of the historical characters. Arcilla had to grow out his moustache for the film, while Confiado lost significant weight for the role. Confiado also had to spend a long time looking for a barber who could render Aguinaldo's iconic haircut well. Carmen Reyes, who oversaw the makeup and prosthetics for the film, revealed that the makeup for Bing Pimintel, who portrays Luna's mother in two time periods, was particularly challenging. She also added that the choice to portray General Mascardo with only a partially formed moustache was symbolic, reflecting his frustration about being overshadowed by Luna.<ref name=BTSmakeupHM>{{cite AV media
| people = Carmen Reyes
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Hair and Makeup
| date = July 28, 2015
| url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwwZS0dcCEU}}</ref>
===Visual effects===
Visual effects company BlackBurst Inc was tasked to take on the film's [[visual effects]], often in an effort to make a scene shot in a modern location fit seamlessly into the period storytelling of the film.<ref name=BTSmakeupVE>{{cite AV media
| people = Jauhn Dablo
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Visual Effects
| date = July 28, 2015
| url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmXddLTfnr8}}</ref>
In many cases, BlackBurst removed modern elements such as electric wires from houses and other backgrounds shot on location, or changed details, such as roof shingles on buildings, to match the period. In other cases BlackBurst added digital set extensions, notably the ships in the scene of the Americans arriving in Manila, early in the film. All of the ships were [[computer generated imagery|added digitally]] using [[Autodesk Maya]], and crafting that particular effect took the entire production timetable.<ref name=BTSmakeupVE/>
Background CEO Jauhn Dablo, who also served as the film's visual effects director, revealed that Tarog was very meticulous about the effects, paying attention even to the angle, power, and timing of individual gun shots.<ref name=BTSmakeupVE/>
===Music===
Aside from taking on duties as the film's director, co-writer, and editor, Tarog also composed the score of the film,<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/> drawing inspiration from numerous Russian classical composers, beginning with [[Igor Stravinsky]] mentor [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]].<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
Acclaimed singer-songwriter [[Ebe Dancel]], Tarog's fellow alumnus from the [[UP Rural High School]] in [[Los Baños, Laguna|Los Baños]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], was commissioned to write and perform the movie's theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" (Until there's no Tomorrow) which was published in October 2015 under [[Star Music]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas|date=October 9, 2015|url=http://us.napster.com/artist/ebe-dancel/album/hanggang-wala-nang-bukas-heneral-luna-movie-theme-song-sin|publisher=[[Napster]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title=Ebe Dancel: 'It's easy to misunderstand a passionate man like Antonio Luna'|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/ebe-dancel-its-easy-to-misunderstand-a-passionate-man-like-antonio-luna/|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=June 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ebe Dancel sings theme song for 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/06/11/15/ebe-dancel-sings-theme-song-heneral-luna|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=ABS-CBNnews.com|date=September 11, 2015}}</ref>
==Release==
===Pre-release screenings===
Pre-release screenings of the film were held at selected venues in the [[United States]]; August 30, 2015, in Anthology Film Archives Cinema in [[New York City]] and AMC Rio Cinema in [[Maryland]], [[Virginia]] and [[Washington D.C.]]; August 31, 2015, in Marina Theater in [[San Francisco]] and Krikorian Monrovia Cinema in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. The film was also screened at the Philippine Consulate General in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] on August 30.<ref name=release>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Heneral Luna' to have global premiere on National Heroes Day|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day/|access-date=September 6, 2015|newspaper=InterAksyon|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref>
===Marketing===
The film was released with the tagline "''Bayan o Sarili''" ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], "''Nation or Self?''"), a tagline later used by fans on social media to criticize theaters who had pulled the film out in favor of mainstream films.<ref name=release/><ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
Much of the public interest in the film came from word of mouth and social media.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
By September 19, the film's official trailer posted on [[YouTube]] has garnered over 1 million views and counting.
===Theatrical release===
The film's general release in the Philippines nationwide began on September 9, 2015.<ref name=release/><ref>{{cite news|title='Heneral Luna' to be screened in SF before general release|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/27474/heneral-luna-to-be-screened-in-sf-before-general-release|access-date=September 6, 2015|agency=INQUIRER.net U.S. Bureau|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=August 19, 2015}}</ref>
After initially opening in about 100 theaters, ''Heneral Luna'' was pulled out in many theaters entering its second week, mostly to make way for the Hollywood and mainstream films that were scheduled to open. Down to around 40 cinemas, fans of the film rallied on social media and appealed to theater owners - especially the SM, Ayala and Robinsons cinema chains - to provide more venues for the film.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep">{{cite news|title=How did John Arcilla-starrer, ''Heneral Luna'', fare in the box office?|url=http://www.pep.ph/guide/movies/20268/how-did-john-arcilla-starrer-heneral-luna-fare-in-the-box-office|access-date=September 26, 2015|work=PEP.ph|publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal Inc.|date=September 23, 2015}}</ref>
On the opening of its second week, the film was shown to 79 theaters in the Philippines and then was increased to 94 by the weekends due to the increase of popularity.{{Citation needed|date=September 2015}} Word of mouth, critical acclaim, and social media coverage boosted the film's popularity, resulting in sold-out theaters nationwide - prompting cinema owners to show it again in their theaters.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
==Reception==
===Box office===
Since its theatrical release on September 9, 2015, ''Heneral Luna'' has made {{Philippine Peso|180}} in million gross sales at the box office - only {{Philippine Peso|20 million}} short of the {{Philippine Peso|200 million}} it needs to be able to break even at the box office, after cinemas' cut in ticket sales have been considered. On September 29, 2015, it passed the {{Philippine Peso|160 million}} mark to become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time.<ref name="160Mkickerdaily"/>
As an independent film, ''Heneral Luna'' had a limited marketing budget, resulting in relatively low sales in its first week - {{Philippine Peso|15 million}} from September 9 to 15, 2015.<ref name="160Mabscbn"/>
Due to positive word of mouth, ticket sales surged on ''Heneral Luna'''s second release week, earning {{Philippine Peso|44 million}} from September 16 to 22.<ref name="160Mabscbn"/> despite the reduction in the number of theaters showing the film early in that week.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/> The distributor of the film, Joji Alonso, noted that âthe 1st day gross of the second week is way higher than the 1st day gross of the 1st week. And to think the number of theaters was reduced by more than half!â<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
On the third week, when even mainstream films normally see a drop in box office sales, ''Heneral Luna'''s numbers surged even higher, earning {{Philippine Peso|104,010,219.00}} from September 23 to 29.<ref name="3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/107836-heneral-luna-box-office-update|title='Heneral Luna' reaches P200M mark in the box office|website=Rappler|date=October 3, 2015}}</ref>
By the beginning of its fourth week, the film was averaging gross box office sales of about {{Philippine Peso|8.5 million}} a day.<ref name="3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler"/>
Worldwide, the film made $4,625,639, including $206,040 in the USA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr1811108357/|title = Heneral Luna}}</ref>
===Home media===
A nationwide DVD release of ''Heneral Luna'' was done by distributor Magnavision, Inc. on December 18, 2015. Over 7,000 DVD copies of the film were sold in less than a month since its release making it the best-selling DVD of any Filipino historical film in the Philippines. Among the bonus features of the DVD are English subtitle, a music video for the film's official theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" by [[Ebe Dancel]], a making of - documentary, and a short film entitled ''Illustrado Problems'' directed by JP Habac, which featured the illustrado characters from ''Heneral Luna'' in a comedic light.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Heneral Luna' breaks DVD sales record as 'Bonifacio' released in streaming video|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=January 25, 2016}}</ref> On June 11, 2016, the film was broadcast for the first time on television through the [[ABS-CBN]] network.<ref>{{cite news|title=Multi-media blitz for 'Heneral Luna' on Independence Day|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/multi-media-blitz-for-heneral-luna-on-independence-day/|date=June 4, 2016|publisher=[[News5|Interaksyon.com]]}}</ref> Artikulo Uno Productions and [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] earlier announced a partnership to distribute ''Heneral Luna'' on all platforms of ABS-CBN including free-to-air, cable, global, video on demand, and pay per view.<ref>{{cite news|title='Heneral Luna' goes to TV|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/heneral-luna-goes-to-tv/258268/|date=April 25, 2016|newspaper=[[The Manila Times]]}}</ref>
The film is available for streaming on [[YouTube]] since August 28, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|author=Cha Lino|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/388719/heneral-luna-to-be-available-for-streaming-on-youtube|title='Heneral Luna' to be available for streaming on YouTube|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=August 28, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref>
===Filmmakers===
A forum dubbed as âThe Heneral Luna Revolution: Game Changer in Film Distributionâ was held at Cinema 1 of [[Trinoma]] on October 27, 2015. The forum co-presented by QCinema and InterAksyon.com mainly tackled about the box office success of ''Heneral Luna'' and how could other indie films replicate this feat. The forum was moderated by InterAksyon.com editor-in-chief Roby Alampay and led by panel members director Jerrold Tarog and associate producers Vincent Nebrida and Ria Limjap.
===Critical reception===
[[File:Ambeth R. Ocampo.jpg|thumb|Ambeth Ocampo, historian and former [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] chairperson, was among the people who made a critical review on the film]]
''Heneral Luna'' received mostly positive reviews from film critics in the Philippines<ref name="REVIEWkrip"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Alejo|first1=Annie|title=Hero. Human. Heneral Luna.|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/hero-human-heneral-luna/|access-date=September 22, 2015|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mayuga|first1=Sylvia|title='Heneral Luna': Hero for the millennial generation|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/536252/lifestyle/artandculture/heneral-luna-hero-for-the-millennial-generation|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=GMA News|date=September 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hawson|first1=Fred|title=Review: Hot-headed and heroic 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/09/21/15/review-hot-headed-and-heroic-heneral-luna|access-date=September 26, 2015|work=Fred Said|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=September 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tordesillas|first1=Ellen|title=Aquino, Del Rosario and Gazmin should watch 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/blogs/opinions/09/20/15/aquino-del-rosario-and-gazmin-should-watch-heneral-luna|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=September 21, 2015}}</ref> and historians alike.<ref name="TEMPERocampo"/><ref name=LUNAMABINInery>{{cite news|last1=Nery|first1=John|title=Apolinario Mabini vs General Luna|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/88738/apolinario-mabini-vs-general-luna|access-date=September 22, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref>
Historian and former [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] chair [[Ambeth Ocampo]] strongly recommended the film,<ref name="TEMPERocampo">{{cite news|last1=Ocampo|first1=Ambeth|title=Antonio Luna and his temper|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/88371/antonio-luna-and-his-temper|access-date=September 22, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=September 9, 2015}}</ref> calling it "an engaging narrative, supported by wonderful cinematography and grounded on sound historical research." He added that "When I previewed the film, I commented that it should not open with a disclaimer simply because it is a cinematic retelling of what many consider textbook history and is not a doctoral dissertation."<ref name="TEMPERocampo"/>
Comparisons have been drawn between Arcilla's portrayal of Luna in the film, and that of the character he played in [[John Sayles]]' 2010 film ''[[Amigo (film)|Amigo]]'', which was also set during the Filipino-American War, albeit on a much smaller scale - depicting the war as it was experienced in a single barrio.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lo|first1=Ricky|title=John in the Company of Heroes|url=http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2015/08/30/1493755/john-company-heroes|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=The Philippine Star|date=August 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Visaya|first1=Momar|title=Heneral Luna & Pamanhikan premiere at the AAIFF|journal=LifeEASTyle Magazine|date=July 24, 2015|url=http://asianjournal.com/aj-magazines/heneral-luna-pamanhikan/|access-date=September 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/140758/game-of-the-general|title=Game of the general|first=Bayani Jr.|last=San Diego|website=entertainment.inquirer.net|date=April 28, 2014}}</ref>
''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]'' Arts and Books editor Lito B. Zulueta suggests that "By focusing on arguably the most ruggedâand therefore the most dynamicâfigure of the Philippine war against the American invaders, Jerrold Tarogâs 'Heneral Luna' revives the historical action movie and in effect, revitalizes two dormant genresâthe action film and more important, the historical film."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/205799/epic-movie-shows-how-the-revolution-assassinated-heneral-luna/|title=Epic movie shows how the Revolution assassinated 'Heneral Luna'|date=September 7, 2015|website=Inquirer Lifestyle}}</ref> Michael Kho Lim from the ''[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)|Daily Tribune]]'' also gave a positive review, saying âTimely as it is significant. John Arcilla breathes life to Luna. Complex. Poetic. Gripping.â<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Michael Kho|title=The untold (hi)story in Heneral Luna|url=http://www.tribune.net.ph/life-style/the-untold-hi-story-in-heneral-luna|access-date=July 7, 2016|publisher=Tribune.net|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref>
[[Rappler]] critic Oggs Cruz calls the film âprecise in its storytelling and in its depiction of the major players of the revolution," furthering that "John Arcilla is excellent. Tarog makes his character human⊠and creates an essay of everything that is wrong with our nationhood. Tarogâs ''Heneral Luna'' is fascinating, beautiful to gaze at, and genuinely affecting.â [[ClickTheCity]] critic Philbert Ortiz Dy gave the film 5 out of 5 stars, saying "Beyond its obvious technical achievement, ''Heneral Luna'' is worth seeing for its audacious approach to tackling our countryâs tragic history. All at once bold, artful, darkly funny, informed and deeply entertaining, it makes the revolution come alive in surprising, delightful ways. This film triumphs in capturing the spirit of its subject, the whole enterprise fueled with a heady mix of rage, irreverence and a genuine love of country. It is everything that an Antonio Luna biopic should be.â
[[Rotten Tomatoes]], a [[review aggregator]] gives the film a score of 75% based on 8 reviews, with an average rating of 5.25/10.<ref>{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|id=heneral_luna |type=m |title=Heneral Luna |access-date=January 30, 2021}}</ref> At [[Metacritic]], the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Heneral Luna |id=heneral-luna |type=movie |access-date=January 30, 2021 }}</ref> ''Heneral Luna'' received a Grade A from [[Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Carvajal|first1=Dolly|title=John Arcilla presents hero's human side|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/177684/john-arcilla-presents-heros-human-side|access-date=September 21, 2015|work=Inquirer Entertainment|publisher=Inquirer.net|date=September 2, 2015}}</ref>
===Accolades===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! colspan=5 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | List of accolades
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Award / Film Festival
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col" style="width:10%;"| Result
|-
|rowspan=12|[[Luna Award]]s 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/146591-list-winners-luna-awards-2016-film-academy-of-the-philippines|title=FULL LIST: Winners, Luna Awards 2016|work=[[Rappler]]|date=September 18, 2016 |access-date=September 19, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Best Picture
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Director
| Jerrold Tarrog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha and Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor
| John Arcilla
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Nonie Buencamino
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Mylene Dizon
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| Pong Ignacio
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Production Design
| Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Musical Scoring
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Sound
| Mikko Quizon
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=8|[[39th Gawad Urian Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|title=FULL LIST: Winners, Gawad Urian 2016|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/137199-winners-gawad-urian-2016-awards-results|access-date=June 29, 2016|work=[[Rappler]]|date=June 22, 2016}}</ref>
| Best Picture
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Director
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| Jerrold Tarog, Henry Francia & E.A Rocha
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| Pong Ignacio
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Music
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Sound
| Mikko Quizon
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=2|2016 Platinum Stallion Media Awards<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pagulong|first1=Charmie Joy|title=Trinity picks STAR as best broadsheet|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/02/05/1549836/trinity-picks-star-best-broadsheet|access-date=February 8, 2016|newspaper=The Philippine Star|date=February 5, 2016}}</ref>
| Best Student-Oriented Film
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Film Actor
| John Arcilla
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|14th Gawad Tanglaw Awards<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Honor Thy Father,' John Lloyd Cruz win big in Gawad Tanglaw|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/honor-thy-father-john-lloyd-cruz-win-big-in-gawad-tanglaw/|access-date=February 17, 2016|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=February 15, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219023837/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/honor-thy-father-john-lloyd-cruz-win-big-in-gawad-tanglaw/|archive-date=February 19, 2016}}</ref>|| Student's Choice Award for Best Film || Jerrold Tarog ||{{Won}}
|-
| Best Cinematography || Pong Ignacio ||{{Won}}
|-
| Gantimpalang Dr. Jaime G. Ang<br />Presidential Jury Award for Film || John Arcilla ||{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=3|[[10th Asian Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|title='Heneral Luna' earns nominations at Asian Film Awards 2016|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/121329-heneral-luna-nominated-asian-film-awards-2016|access-date=February 6, 2016|work=Rappler|date=February 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tantiangco|first1=Aya|title=Filipino epic film 'Heneral Luna' empty-handed in Asian Film Fest awards|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/559539/showbiz/chikaminute/filipino-epic-film-heneral-luna-empty-handed-in-asian-film-fest-awards|access-date=March 18, 2016|publisher=GMA News|date=March 18, 2016}}</ref>
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| John Arcilla
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Costume Design
| Carlo Tabije
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Production Design
| Benjamin Padero, Carlo Tabije
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="13"|[[32nd PMPC Star Awards for Movies]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/123915-pmpc-star-awards-movies-2016-full-list-winners|title=FULL LIST: Winners, PMPC Star Awards for Movies 2016|work=[[Rappler]]|date=March 7, 2016|access-date=March 12, 2016}}</ref>
| Movie of the Year
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Director of the Year
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Actor of the Year
| John Arcilla
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|Movie Supporting Actor of the Year
| Noni Buencamino
| {{nom}}
|-
| Mon Confiado
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Supporting Actress of the Year
| Mylene Dizon
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Screenwriter of the Year
| Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha, and Jerrold Tarog
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Cinematographer of the Year
| Pong Ignacio
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Production Designer of the Year
| Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Editor of the Year
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Movie Musical Scorer of the Year
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Movie Sound Engineer of the Year
| Mikko Quizon and Hit Productions
| {{won}}
|-
| Movie Original Theme Song of the Year
| Hanggang Wala Nang Wakas, composed, arranged, and interpreted by Ebe Dancel
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[2016 Box Office Entertainment Awards]]<ref>{{cite news |title=AlDub and other Kapuso celebs dominate the 2016 Box Office Entertainment Awards |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/21669/aldub-and-other-kapuso-celebs-dominate-the-2016-box-office-entertainment-awards/story |access-date=September 24, 2020 |work=GMA Entertainment |date=February 22, 2016}}</ref>
| Highest Grossing Historical Film of All Time
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{won}}
|}
==Themes and symbolism==
{{gallery
|File:Juan Luna Spoliarium.jpg
|The ''[[Spoliarium]]''
|File:DCT-Spoliarium.jpg
|The scene which was made to resemble the painting on the left.
|align=right
}}
A number of visual motifs throughout film have symbolic significance, particularly for audiences familiar with the [[History of the Philippines (1898â1946)|History of the period]] and [[Culture of the Philippines|Filipino culture]].
A Philippine revolutionary flag is displayed prominently in the film's [[framing device|bookend scenes]], becoming dirtier and more ragged when the film reverts to its framing device as the events of the film unfold.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Campomanes |first1=Alvin |title=A Study Guide for "Heneral Luna" |url=https://www.henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf |website=Heneral Luna The Movie |access-date=August 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323081811/https://www.henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |date=2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The burning flag during the end credits is a poignant experience for Filipino audiences, as flag-burning is not legal under the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.<ref name="REVIEWkrip">{{cite news|last1=Yuson|first1=Alfred|title=And the enemy is us|url=http://www.philstar.com/arts-and-culture/2015/08/17/1488365/and-enemy-us|access-date=September 22, 2015|work=KRIPOTKIN|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=August 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Republic Act No. 8491: Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/ |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |publisher=National Government of the Philippines |access-date=August 27, 2021 |ref=republic-act-8491}}</ref>
In a scene towards the end of the film, the bodies of Luna and RomĂĄn are dragged across the courtyard in a manner highly reminiscent of the ''[[Spoliarium]]'', a painting which has served as artistic icon of [[Filipino nationalism]], painted in 1884 by Luna's own brother, [[Juan Luna]].<ref name="STUARTSANTIAGO">{{cite news|last1=Santiago|first1=Katrina Stuart|title=Heneral Luna burns the flag|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/heneral-luna-burns-the-flag/211818/|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=The Manila Times|date=August 22, 2015}}</ref>
==Historical accuracy and significance==
With much of the film based on the works of Vivencio R. Jose, the film not only stayed true to the broad historical narrative, but to lesser known elements of Luna's personality, such as his penchant for musical instruments, his close relationship to his mother, his love of women, and his passion for the Philippine countryside.<ref name="BTShistory">{{cite AV media
| people = Vivencio R. Jose
| title = HENERAL LUNA: The History behind the Movie
| date = September 13, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwxrnE4yW7g}}</ref>
Tarog described the film as an "attempt to identify the ills" of Philippine society, emphasizing that the Filipinos' biggest enemy has been their own selves and not necessarily colonialization, and has been in "a cycle of betrayal".<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/>
In one of the press conferences for the film's release, Tarog noted that the film took minor [[Artistic license|creative liberties]] such as Antonio Luna's frequent usage of the Filipino [[profanity]] such as the word ''putang ina'' (roughly translated as "son of a bitch") in the film in an effort to connect the film to the Filipino [[Millennials|millennial]] generation which was the film's target audience.<ref name=release/> There were also inaccuracies in the film's battle scenes. In its depiction of the [[Battle of Santo Tomas]], the Filipinos are shown to be victorious against the Americans when in fact it was the Americans who won and they only suffered two casualties. Also, the man who saved Luna after his brave charge on horseback wasn't Colonel Roman as depicted in film, but was actually Alejandro Avecilla.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history-ph.blogspot.com/2015/10/heneral-luna-historical-liberties-and.html|title=Heneral Luna: historical liberties and inaccuracies|publisher=The Young Filipino Historian|first=Al|last=Raposas|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf|title=Heneral Luna Study Guide|first=Alvin|last=Campomanes|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref>
Historian and columnist John Nery notes that an important part of Luna's personal history, his non-support of the first phase of the Philippine revolution - is not mentioned in the film, although he also notes that the event takes place outside the movie's timeframe, and the film does not contradict it. Nery notes that, "Lunaâs atonement is not part of the movieâs backstory (although on viewing the movie a second time I imagined it would easily fit the movieâs main narrative). Does this lessen director Jerrold Tarogâs work, or lead actor John Arcillaâs art? I do not think so, because the movie approaches the Luna story on its own terms."<ref name="ALEJANDRINOnery">{{Cite web|url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/88960/what-we-still-dont-know-about-antonio-luna|title=What we (still) don't know about Antonio Luna|first=John|last=Nery|website=opinion.inquirer.net|date=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
One of the creative liberties taken by the film with the historical timeline is that it portrays [[Apolinario Mabini]] as still holding a position of leadership at Luna's funeral, in June 1899; historically, however, Mabini had been pressured by his political adversaries into resigning from government a month earlier, in May 1899, replaced in his post as [[Prime Minister of the Philippines|Prime Minister]] by [[Pedro Paterno]]. The film portrays the relationship between Mabini and Pedro Paterno as amicable.<ref name="keat804">{{citation| last = Keat| first = Gin Ooi| title = Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor| publisher = ABC-CLIO| year = 2004| isbn = 1-57607-770-5| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=July 2019}}
===Isabel and conspiracy theories related to Ysidra Cojuangco===
In an interview with CNN Philippines' [[Pia Hontiveros]], Tarog revealed that the name of the character Isabel, played by Mylene Dizon, is "a wink" to conspiracy theorists who believe there was a relationship between Luna and Ysidra Cojuangco. According to the theory, made popular early in the term of President Benigno Aquino III, who is a descendant of Cojuangco, money squirreled away by Luna from the revolution was actually the source of the Cojuangco family fortune. However, Tarog also revealed that he found no evidence of any such relationship between Ysidra and Luna, and that the name was thus nothing more than a humorous reference. Instead, Tarog revealed that Dizon's character was a composite of several of Luna's lovers and Nicolasa Dayrit, the woman who tried to intervene between Mascardo and Luna during their argument.<ref name="INTERVIEWhontiveros">
{{cite AV media
| people = [[Pia Hontiveros]], Art Acuña, E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog
| title = news.PH: Heneral Luna (Part 1)
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8qAWT-ZBlA}}</ref>
==Controversies==
Given the socio-political nature of the film's themes, and the production's success relative to the majority of the Philippines' indie films and historical films, numerous aspects of the public reception to the film have been covered in media.
===Early pull-out===
One of the more unusual aspects of the public response to ''Heneral Luna'' was the successful campaign to put the film back in theaters. At first, more than half of the theaters that premiered the movie on September 9 had pulled it out after less than 5 days, which is typical practice for commercial movie theaters showing independent Filipino films. By September 16, only 40 of the 101 theaters that premiered it were still showing it. This resulted in a clamor among netizens and artists to bring the film back.<ref>{{cite news|title=Netizens lament pull-out of 'Heneral Luna' from cinemas|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/178663/netizens-lament-pulling-out-heneral-luna-from-cinemas|access-date=September 25, 2015|publisher=INQUIRER.net|date=September 16, 2015}}</ref> This helped create word of mouth publicity for the film after its first week, resulting in packed cinemas on the film's first weekend. As a result, cinemas decided to screen the film again, with second and third week box office results significantly higher than the first. By the end of the film's first weekend, Heneral Luna was showing in 120 cinemas - higher than the number of cinemas that originally screened it.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
===Lack of knowledge about Mabini's paralysis===
[[File:A mabini.jpg|thumb|[[Apolinario Mabini]]]]
The film's popularity has also led to some criticism of the Philippine educational system, due to reports of numerous incidents - including one during a Q&A with actor Epy Quizon, who portrayed [[Apolinario Mabini]] in the film - in which school-age youths asked why Mabini never stood up throughout the film, implying a lack of familiarity with the famously paralytic statesman.<ref name="MABINISITTINGinquirer">{{cite news|title='Why is Mabini just seated?' Epy Quizon stands up to the confused|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/179411/why-is-mabini-just-seated-epy-quizon-stands-up-to-the-confused|access-date=September 26, 2015|publisher=INQUIRER.net|date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Benigno Aquino III]] noted this as well. In the 2015 ''Gawad'' Apolinario Mabini awarding ceremonies on September 29, 2015, he noted the issue was "a reflection of how little some of the youth know about history," considering Mabini's intelligence played a role in building the Philippines' democratic institution. He later hinted about tasking [[Secretary of Education (Philippines)|Education Secretary]] [[Armin Luistro]] to resolve the impasse.<ref name="SEATEDAQUINOinq">{{Cite web|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/726449/aquino-cant-believe-question-asked-why-mabini-was-seated-throughout-luna-movie|title=Aquino can't believe question asked why Mabini was seated throughout Luna movie|first=Nikko|last=Dizon|website=newsinfo.inquirer.net|date=September 30, 2015}}</ref>
===Portrayal of Aguinaldo===
A number of historians have noted that the Film's portrayal of Emilio Aguinaldo is more negative than it thought to be by the viewers due to the plot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/09/28/15/hero-or-traitor-historian-weighs-aguinaldo-luna|title=Hero or traitor? Historian weighs in on Aguinaldo, Luna|first=Patrick Quintos|last=ABS-CBNnews.com|website=ABS-CBN News|date=September 28, 2015}}</ref> Reacting to the film, [[Secretary of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)|Transport secretary]] [[Joseph Emilio Abaya]], who is one of Aguinaldo's descendants, said that he maintains his belief that his great-grandfather did not assassinate Luna.<ref>{{cite news|title=Abaya does not believe in 'Luna' storyline|url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/2015/09/25/abaya-does-not-believe-in-luna-storyline/|access-date=October 2, 2015|work=MST News|publisher=[[Manila Standard]]|date=September 25, 2015}}</ref>[[Kawit]], Cavite Mayor Angelo Emilio Aguinaldo said during the sidelines of the municipality's tourism campaign launch. He is not happy about as historical movies made over the past few years, the filmmakers were debasing General Emilio Aguinaldo. He also revealed that neither he nor the members of his family were informed of the film, nor did they have their permission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/348570/aguinaldo-kin-recent-portrayals-of-emilio-aguinaldo-degrade-his-image|title=Aguinaldo kin: Recent portrayals of Emilio Aguinaldo 'degrade' his image|date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
However, the director has indicated that one of the hopes of the planned trilogy is to present a more rounded portrayal of Aguinaldo.<ref name=mostimportant>{{cite news|last1=Garlitos|first1=Raymund Magno|title=The most important filmmaker of our era is Jerrold Tarog|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/the-most-important-filmmaker-of-our-era-is-jerrold-tarog/|access-date=October 2, 2015|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> Actor Mon Confiado was given specific instructions never to portray Aguinaldo as a villain - while the audience might see him as a villain because of the plot, the portrayal itself would hinge on character motivations, such as the need for self-preservation, and never simple villainy.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
===Unauthorized releases===
Upon learning that [[Bootleg recording|bootleg]] copies of the film were already circulating, the cast and crew of the film campaigned on social media to discourage potential viewers from buying or [[warez|downloading]] unlicensed copies of the film, and were soon joined by fans posting [[image macro]]s and other such [[Internet meme|meme]]s encouraging viewers to support the film instead of unauthorized copies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/538345/scitech/technology/heneral-luna-battles-pirates-in-this-lego-short/|title=Heneral Luna, kontra-pirata!|website=GMA News Online}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=October 2015}} The [[Optical Media Board]] and the [[Philippine National Police]] made raids against the distribution of illegal DVD copies of the film.<ref name=radyoinquirer>{{cite news|last1=Avendaño-Umali|first1=Isa|title=OMB, PNP, kinalampag laban sa naglipanang pirated DVDs ng Heneral Luna (OMB, PNP made crackdowns against circulation of pirated DVDs of Heneral Luna)|url=http://radyo.inquirer.net/10215/omb-pnp-kinalampag-laban-sa-naglipanang-pirated-dvds-ng-heneral-luna#sthash.4hhRahbU.dpuf|access-date=October 2, 2015|publisher=Radyo Inquirer|date=September 30, 2015|language=fil}}</ref>
==Sequel==
{{Main|Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral}}
Noting the breakout success of ''Heneral Luna'', director Jerrold Tarog said there are plans to make it the first of a trilogy if it generated enough revenues. The other two films would individually focus on [[Gregorio del Pilar]] and [[Manuel L. Quezon]]. Tarog likened the mid-credits scene of ''Heneral Luna'' to mid- or end-credit scenes of films in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] that show potential plot points in an upcoming film.<ref name=mostimportant/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Heneral Luna' to have global premiere on National Heroes Day|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day/|access-date=October 2, 2015|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref> Tarog has also expressed interest in making a film featuring female revolutionary [[Teresa Magbanua]], who led troops in the Visayas region during the war.<ref>{{cite news|title='WATCH: After 'Heneral Luna,' a movie on Gregorio del Pilar is in the works, Paulo Avelino to star'|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref>
At an interview on Radio Republic, Tarog indicated that his next project as a director would either be an adaptation of [[Arnold Arre]]'s ''[[The Mythology Class]]'', or the sequel to ''Heneral Luna'', whose title he revealed to be ''Goryo'' (which would eventually be changed later to ''Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral''<ref name="Angelitonews">{{Cite news|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/02/07/17/gregorio-del-pilar-short-film-to-hit-theaters-with-im-drunk-i-love-you|title='Gregorio del Pilar' short film to hit theaters with 'I'm Drunk I Love You'|date=February 7, 2017|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=March 2, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>), confirming that it would focus on Gregorio del Pilar.<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero"/><ref>{{cite web | last = Jordan | first = Clark | title = Arnold Arre's THE MYTHOLOGY CLASS Headed For Theatres | website = The Aswang Project | publisher = High Banks Entertainment Ltd. | date = September 27, 2015 | url = http://www.aswangproject.com/mythology-class-headed-for-theatres | access-date = September 27, 2015}}</ref> At a special thanksgiving party on October 29, 2015 - Antonio Luna's 149th birth anniversary - co-producer EA Rocha confirmed that the del Pilar biopic is "in development" with a projected release scheduled in a few years time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino|title=WATCH: After 'Heneral Luna,' a movie on Gregorio del Pilar is in the works, Paulo Avelino to star|date=October 29, 2015|work=[[Rappler]]|access-date=March 2, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
On February 6, 2017, Tarog announced through his Twitter account that a short film bridging the events of ''Heneral Luna'' to that of ''Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral'' would be released on February 15 alongside the film ''[[I'm Drunk, I Love You]]''.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=JerroldTarog |author=Jerrold Tarog|number=828560886008737793 |date=February 6, 2017 |title=I guess I can announce now that a 20-min short film prequel to GOYO called ANGELITO will be attached to I'M DRUNK I LOVE YOU. Opens Feb 15. }}</ref> The 20-minute short film, titled ''Angelito,'' focused on the fate of the Bernal brothers after Luna's assassination with Art Acuña, Alex Medina, Arron Villaflor and Carlo Aquino reprising their roles in ''Heneral Luna''.<ref name="Angelitonews"/>
==In popular culture==
Due to the film's success, [[KFC|KFC Philippines]] released commercials featuring Arcilla reprising his role as the film's titular character in late 2017 for their Christmas promos. The first commercial features Luna planning to demote himself to colonel to promote the fast food chain's Christmas offers. The second commercial, while also promoting the same products and offers, featured Luna with three Filipino KFC colonels played by [[Ronaldo Valdez]], [[Leo Martinez]], and [[Pen Medina]].
==Lunan at panahon==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Antonio Luna]]
*[[Apolinario Mabini]]
*[[Emilio Aguinaldo]]
*[[PhilippineâAmerican War]]
*[[Jerrold Tarog]]
*[[Sakay (film)|''Sakay'' (film)]]
*[[Amigo (film)|''Amigo'' (film)]]
*[[El Presidente (film)|''El Presidente'' (film)]]
*''[[Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo]]''
*[[The Trial of Andres Bonifacio (film)|''The Trial of Andres Bonifacio'' (film)]]
{{colend}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
*{{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20151224120626/http://henerallunathemovie.com/}}
*{{IMDb title|id=tt4944352|title=Heneral Luna}}
*{{Allmovie title|642215}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes|heneral_luna}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_B0jD4CTSpEmIOeJcVl3HQ Official YouTube channel]
{{Jerrold Tarog}}
{{Philippine submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Biographical action films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about military leaders]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Andrés Bonifacio]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Apolinario Mabini]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Emilio Aguinaldo]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Filipino men]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of José Rizal]]
[[Category:Films set during the PhilippineâAmerican War]]
[[Category:Philippine biographical films]]
[[Category:Philippine war films]]
[[Category:Philippine films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Philippine historical films]]
[[Category:Philippine New Wave]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jerrold Tarog]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1890s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bataan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Batangas]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ilocos Norte]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ilocos Sur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Laguna (province)]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rizal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tarlac]]
[[Category:War epic films]]
[[Category:Historical action films]]
[[Category:2015 drama films]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|2015 Filipino historical film}}
{{about|the biopic war film with General Antonio Luna|a biography about the Filipino general|Antonio Luna}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Heneral jona
| image = bayot Luna film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official movie poster
| director = [[Jerrold Tarog]]
| producer = Fernando Poe jr Ortigas
| writers = {{Plainlist|
* Henry Francia
* E.A. Rocha
* Jerrold Tarog
}}
| based_on = [[Personal life|Life]] of [[Antonio Luna]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[John Arcilla]]
* [[Mon Confiado]]
* [[Arron Villaflor]]
* [[Joem Bascon]]
* [[Archie Alemania]]
* [[Epi Quizon]]
* [[Nonie Buencamino]]
* [[Paulo Avelino]]
* [[Leo Martinez]]
* [[Mylene Dizon]]
* [[Ronnie Lazaro]]
}}
| music = Jerrold Tarog
| cinematography = Pong Ignacio
| editing = Jerrold Tarog
| studio = [[TBA Studios|Artikulo Uno Productions]]
| distributor = {{ubl|Quantum Films|Abramorama {{small|(United States)}}<ref name=Abramorama>{{cite news|last1=Saepoff|first1=Sonya|title=Abramorama to Release Philippine Academy Award Entry 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/abramorama-to-release-philippine-academy-award-entry-heneral-luna-20151020|access-date=October 23, 2015|work=[[Indiewire]]|publisher=Indiewire.com|date=October 20, 2015}}</ref>}}
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|09}}
| runtime = 118 minutes
| country = Philippines
| language = [[Filipino language|Filipino]]<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]]<br>[[English language|English]]
| budget = {{Philippine peso|80 million|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/180772/heneral-luna-lesson-in-breaking-the-rules|title='Heneral Luna': Lesson in breaking the rules|author=Bayani San Diego Jr.|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=October 11, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = {{Philippine Peso|256 million}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pep.ph/news/62252/john-lloyd-bea-vice-coco-vic-ai-ai-lead-winners-at-the-box-office-entertainment-awards| title=John Lloyd, Bea, Vice, Coco, Vic, Ai-Ai lead winners at the Box Office Entertainment Awards|publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal|date=February 21, 2016|access-date=February 21, 2016|language=fil}}</ref>
}}
'''''Heneral Luna''''' ({{literal translation|General Luna}}) is a 2015 Filipino [[epic film|epic]] [[war film|war]] film starring [[John Arcilla]] as the titular character [[Antonio Luna]] who led the [[Philippine Revolutionary Army]] during the early phases of the [[PhilippineâAmerican War]]. Directed by [[Jerrold Tarog]] and produced by Artikulo Uno Productions, the film received critical acclaim from critics, praising its cinematography, writing, acting and plot. The film was selected as the Philippine entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[88th Academy Awards]] but it was not nominated.<ref name="Philippines">{{cite web |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/ |title='Heneral Luna' is PH official entry to Oscar best foreign language film category |work=Interaksyon |date=September 21, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060039/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
With a production budget of {{Philippine Peso|80 million}},<ref name="breaksEven">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/180777/heneral-luna-earns-p240m-breaks-even|title='Heneral Luna' earns P240 million, breaks even|author=Bayani San Diego Jr.|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=October 11, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Variety">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/asia/philippines-sends-heneral-luna-to-battle-for-foreign-language-oscar-1201598556/ |title=Philippines Sends 'Heneral Luna' To Battle for Foreign-Language Oscar |work=Variety |date=September 21, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015}}</ref> it is one of the most expensive Filipino [[epic film|epic]] historical films ever released. On September 29, 2015, it broke the previous record of {{Philippine peso|160 million}} to become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time.<ref name="160Mkickerdaily">{{Cite web|url=https://kickerdaily.com/posts/2015/09/heneral-luna-mark-third-week/|title='Heneral Luna' breaks P160M mark on third week, producer confident of sequel|first=Marcus|last=V}}</ref><ref name="160Mabscbn">{{Cite web |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/30/15/heneral-luna-continues-charge-hits-p160m|title='Heneral Luna' continues charge, hits P160M|first=ABS-CBN|last=News|website=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=September 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/180003/heneral-luna-now-highest-grossing-filipino-historical-film-of-all-time|title='Heneral Luna' now 'highest-grossing Filipino historical film of all time'|website=entertainment.inquirer.net|date=October 2015}}</ref> Despite a 50% discount that was offered to student viewers,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/ |title='Heneral Luna' draws bigger crowds, adds more theaters on second week | Entertainment News â InterAksyon.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923102638/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015}}</ref> by the beginning of its fourth week, the film was well on its way to reaching the {{Philippine peso|200 million}} gross ticket sales.<ref name=alonso1>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1041317259225385&set=a.113724021984718.13764.100000413632532&type=3|title=HENERAL LUNA's countdown to achieve the 200M break even point|author=Atty. Joji Alonso|publisher=Facebook.com}}</ref> On October 11, it was officially announced that the film had reached its {{Philippine Peso|240 million}} break even point.<ref name="breaksEven" /> The film's success spawned the sequel ''[[Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral]]'', which focuses on General [[Gregorio Del Pilar]] during the PhilippineâAmerican War.
==Plot==
Towards the end of the 19th century, [[History of the Philippines (1565â1898)|Spanish colonial rule over the Philippines]] came to an [[Philippine Revolution|end]] and the country [[Philippine Declaration of Independence|gained its independence]]. Unwilling to face humiliation, Spain secretly sells the archipelago to the [[SpanishâAmerican War|victorious Americans]] for $20,000,000 during the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]].
At the [[Barasoain Church]] in [[Malolos]], during a cabinet meeting over the growing American presence in the Philippines, cabinet members [[Felipe Buencamino]] and [[Pedro Paterno]] propose to form an alliance with the Americans to avoid open conflict but this angers Generals [[Antonio Luna]] and [[José Alejandrino]], both of whom prefer to fight the new invaders. Meanwhile, President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] attempts to negotiate with the Americans over the control of [[Manila]], which is still under Spanish control. They eventually learn that the Spaniards and Americans [[Battle of Manila (1898)|staged a battle]] which ended with the complete control of Manila transferred to the latter, thereby bringing the Philippines under American control. After [[Battle of Manila (1899)| an incident between American and Filipino soldiers in Manila]], Aguinaldo starts [[Philippine-American War|a brutal resistance]] against the Americans to protect the country's independence.
Luna and his trusted officersâColonel [[Paco Roman|Francisco âPacoâ RomĂĄn]], Captain Eduardo Rusca, and the Bernal brothers Captain JosĂ© and Major Manuelâbegin an arduous campaign against the Americans, only to face a number of setbacks. During a battle, Luna asks for reinforcements from the [[Kawit]] battalion but their commander Pedro Janolino refuses as the order did not come from Aguinaldo himself. Infuriated, Luna brutally humiliates and demotes Janolino. Luna then declares his infamous "Article One", which states that those refusing to follow his orders shall be executed on the spot, to put insubordinate soldiers and officers under his control while mobilizing more men [[Philippine Revolutionary Army|for the army]]. In another meeting, Buencamino and Paterno propose to have the country become a protectorate under American rule in an attempt to secure peace, prompting Luna to arrest them as traitors. Luna's campaign is soon undermined by General [[TomĂĄs Mascardo]], who defies his orders. While the two generals prepare to clash in [[Pampanga]], the Americans advance steadily, forcing the Filipino army to retreat up north alongside Aguinaldo. Distraught over the growing disunity within the Filipino army, Luna attempts to resign. Aguinaldo rejects Luna's request but he approves his other request to establish a headquarters in the north where they can launch a guerilla campaign against the Americans.
Not long after, Luna is summoned to the President's headquarters in [[Cabanatuan]] after receiving news that he has been given a position in the President's new cabinet. Despite suspicions from his officers, Luna goes with Rusca and RomĂĄn beside him. Upon arrival, he discovers that Aguinaldo has left, with Buencamino, who has been released, the only cabinet member remaining. After a heated argument with Buencamino, Luna encounters Janolino and his men who brutally murder him. RomĂĄn is also killed in his failed attempt to save his commander while a wounded Rusca surrenders. In the aftermath, most of Luna's officers are arrested while some are tortured and killed, including the Bernal brothers. Meanwhile, Aguinaldo requests Luna and RomĂĄn be buried with full military honors while the killers are never arrested and tried for their crimes. Several decades after the war, Aguinaldo denies his involvement in Luna's assassination, calling him his most brilliant and capable general.
In a mid-credits scene, General [[Gregorio del Pilar]] prepares to cover Aguinaldo's retreat to the north. He inspects Luna's remaining men and orders his aide, Colonel Vicente EnrĂquez, to select 60 of them for the [[Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral|coming battle]].
==Cast==
===Historical characters===
*[[John Arcilla]] as [[Antonio Luna|Gen. Antonio Luna]]
*[[Mon Confiado]] as [[Emilio Aguinaldo|President Emilio Aguinaldo]]
====Members of Aguinaldo's Presidential Cabinet====
{{colbegin}}
*[[Epy Quizon]] as [[Apolinario Mabini|Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini]]
*[[Alvin Anson]] as [[José Alejandrino|Gen. José Alejandrino]]
*[[Nonie Buencamino]] as [[Felipe Buencamino|Felipe Buencamino Sr.]]
*[[Leo Martinez]] as [[Pedro Paterno]]
{{colend}}
====Antonio Luna's general staff====
*[[Joem Bascon]] as [[Paco RomĂĄn|Col. Francisco "Paco" RomĂĄn]]
*Art Acuña as Maj. Manuel Bernal
*[[Alex Medina]] as Capt. José Bernal
*[[Archie Alemania]] as Capt. Eduardo Rusca
*[[Ronnie Lazaro]] as Lt. GarcĂa
====Members of the "Cavite Faction" of the Philippine Republican Army====
{{colbegin}}
*Lorenz Martinez as [[TomĂĄs Mascardo|Gen. TomĂĄs Mascardo]]
*[[Ketchup Eusebio]] as Capt. Pedro Janolino
*Anthony Falcon as Sgt. DĂaz, messenger of General Mascardo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976|title=Anthony Falcon|publisher=nbrcnparks.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001002533/http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976|archive-date=October 1, 2015}}</ref>
{{colend}}
====Other Philippine Republican Army personnel====
{{colbegin}}
*[[Paulo Avelino]] as [[Gregorio del Pilar|Gen. Gregorio "Goyong" del Pilar]]
*[[Benjamin Alves]] as [[Manuel L. Quezon|Lt. Manuel Quezon]]
{{colend}}
====United States Army personnel====
{{colbegin}}
*Miguel Faustmann as [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.|Gen. Arthur MacArthur Jr.]]<ref name="faustmann1">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1609225182651545&id=1428125470761518|title=March 26 post by Miguel Faustmann on his role as Arthur MacArthur|author=Miguel Faustmann|publisher=Facebook}}</ref>
*Greg Dorris as [[Elwell Stephen Otis|Maj. Gen. Elwell Otis]]
*E.A. Rocha as [[Wesley Merritt|Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt]]
*David Bianco as Maj. Peter Lorry Smith
*Rob Rownd as Col. Boyd
{{colend}}
====Other supporting characters====
{{colbegin}}
*Bing Pimentel as Laureana Luna, mother of Antonio Luna
*[[Allan Paule]] as [[Juan Luna]], brother of Antonio Luna
*[[Marc Abaya]] as young Antonio Luna
*[[Perla Bautista]] as Trinidad Aguinaldo, mother of Emilio Aguinaldo
*Dido de la Paz as Don JoaquĂn Luna de San Pedro, father of Antonio Luna
*Junjun Quintana as [[José Rizal]]
*[[Nico Antonio]] as [[Andrés Bonifacio]]
*Jake Feraren as [[Procopio Bonifacio]]
*[[Carlo Aquino]] as Col. Vicente EnrĂquez<!--Aquino was seen in the mid-credits scene-->
{{colend}}
===Fictional or composite characters===
*[[Arron Villaflor]] as Joven HernĂĄndo, the film's POV character, a fictional journalist interviewing Luna.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ante|first=Kimberly|title=Napansin n'yo ba si Joven Hernando sa 'Heneral Luna?'|website=rappler.com|publisher=Rappler Inc.|location=Ortigas Center, Pasig|date=September 27, 2015|language=fil|url=http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/ispeak/107265-joven-antonio-luna-bagong-henerasyon|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Mylene Dizon]] as Isabel, a [[composite character]] of several of the historical Luna's love interests.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Roque | first = Mylah R.| title = Why 'Heneral Luna' should not be missed | website = verafiles.org | publisher = VERA Files | location = Metro Manila | date =September 17, 2015 | url = http://verafiles.org/why-heneral-luna-should-not-be-missed/ | access-date =September 27, 2015}}</ref>
==Production==
===Screenplay===
The first draft of ''Heneral Luna'' was written in 1998 by E.A. Rocha and Henry Hunt Francia, who chose to write about Antonio Luna after being hired by [[Cirio Santiago]] to write a television script for a television series in celebration of the centennial of Philippine independence. When the series failed to push through, Rocha and Francia were asked to rewrite the script as a feature-length film. The film did not go into production, however, and was shelved for seventeen years.<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer">{{cite news|last1=Concepcion|first1=Pocholo|title=How the film 'Heneral Luna' finally saw the light of day|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/205059/how-the-film-heneral-luna-finally-saw-the-light-of-day|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=August 31, 2015|language=en, fil}}</ref> Francia died before the film's release.<ref name=release/> Eventually, [[Leo Martinez]] convinced Rocha to submit the script to the [[Film Development Council of the Philippines]].<ref name="BTSscreenplay">
{{cite AV media
| people = E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Screenplay
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Kw_VOgidIE}}</ref>
Jerrold Tarog, who had separately developed an interest in making a film about Antonio Luna after reading literature about him, learned about the Rocha and Francia script, and asked if he could use it for his planned film. Tarog got permission to re-write the script, which was originally written entirely in English,<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero">{{cite web|last=Lucero|first=Zach|author-link=Zach Lucero|title=Heneral Luna⊠a song worth watchingâŠ|website=Radio Republic|date=September 24, 2015|url=http://radiorepublic.ph/jerroldtarog-heneralluna-interview/|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> and then asked fellow director [[Alvin Yapan]] to help translate it into formal Tagalog.<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/> Tarog then tweaked the script further, simplifying it, and adapting it further for the appreciation of modern audiences.<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero"/><ref name="INTERVIEWhontiveros2">
{{cite AV media
| people = [[Pia Hontiveros]], Art Acuña, E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog
| title = news.PH: Heneral Luna (Part 2)
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-XbCj9TLLc}}</ref>
Notably, one of Tarog's later changes was to separate the Mascardo and Janolino characters, which at one point had been merged into a composite character, "Mascolino", who would have taken on characteristics of both historical characters. Tarog indicated that separating the characters would help flesh the film out further, and give it more highlights.<ref name="BTSscreenplay"/>
The characters of Paco RomĂĄn and Eduardo Rusca, who were portrayed in a character triptych with Luna in the film, were written to be polar opposites. RomĂĄn would be a more controlled, logical character who would help bring out a more controlled side of Luna, while Rusca would be a more passionate character who could provide moments of levity throughout the film.<ref name="BTStarogroles">
{{cite AV media
| people = Jerrold Tarog
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes:Directing, Editing and Scoring
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvugIo2_u1w}}</ref>
In an interview on Filipino music website Radio Republic, Tarog, who has a degree in music composition from the [[UP College of Music|College of Music]] at the [[University of the Philippines Diliman]],<ref>2011. DVD Commentary, Confessional (2007)</ref> indicated that he approached ''Heneral Luna'', as with all his other films, from a musical perspective. He revealed that he sometimes even did so literally - using a musical staff to lay out scenes, plotting out highs and lows, with notes corresponding scenes, and the pitch of the note corresponding to the mood.<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero"/>
Among Tarog's references during the rewriting of the script were [[National Artist of the Philippines|Philippine National Artist]] [[Nick Joaquin]]'s ''A Question of Heroes'', which he used as a guide to the film's tone and in humanizing the character of the titular protagonist; and Vivencio José's ''The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna'', which Tarog used as the primary source on Antonio Luna's life.<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/>
===Pre-production===
Before meeting with Rocha regarding revising the script for the film, Tarog approached mainstream producers to do the film; he was however met with skepticism and doubts over the film's marketability, as they assumed that such a historical film "will be boring" or would not appeal to a mainstream audience. Tarog expressed difficulty into convincing them otherwise, lamenting that the local film industry has been institutionalized into producing films [[Low culture|solely for entertainment]], without taking into account those that "contribute to the minds of the people".<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/><ref name="BTSproducers">{{cite AV media
| people = EA Rocha, Fernando Ortigas
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Producers
| date = July 28, 2015
| url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLtYwufd5OE}}</ref>
The film was bankrolled by businessman Fernando Ortigas' film production outfit Artikulo Uno Productions, which takes its name from the [[PhilippineâAmerican War]] military directive, prominently referenced in the film. Ortigas himself makes a brief cameo in the film.<ref name="BTSproducers"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Biz Buzz: Ortigas in 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://business.inquirer.net/199621/biz-buzz-ortigas-in-heneral-luna|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=September 23, 2015}}</ref> Ortigas and Rocha served as co-producers of the film.<ref name="BTSproducers"/> Ortigas remarked that if he would have received the script for the film a week earlier than he did, he would have just junked the script because he was not in a good state of mind to work with films at that time. He comments that the script arrived "at the right time" and said he enjoyed it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/business/10/09/15/why-heneral-luna-was-almost-shelved-producer|title=Why 'Heneral Luna' was almost shelved by producer|publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]|date=October 9, 2015|access-date=October 10, 2015}}</ref>
The film went through a long pre-production phase, which allowed the film's various departments to cope with the challenges of filming a period film in contemporary settings.<ref name="BTSproducers"/> With roughly 90% of the film needing to be shot on location, the film required extensive location shoots in the few areas in the Philippines which still matched the architecture and environment of the period.<ref name="BTScinematography">{{cite AV media
| people = Pong Ignacio
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Screenplay
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwwZS0dcCEU}}</ref>
===Casting===
Speaking at a press conference for 2015 Quezon City International Film Festival, at the beginning of the film's fourth week, Producer and co-writer E.A. Rocha noted that no expense was to be spared in getting "only actors suited for the role" instead of big-name stars. Tarog said his experiences on watching John Arcilla's performance in Raymond Red's short film ''Anino'' and later in the feature film ''[[Metro Manila (film)|Metro Manila]]'' later influenced him to cast Arcilla as General Luna.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
===Filming===
To keep costs down and cope with the requirements of shooting a historical film in modern settings, the film hewed close to its very tightly planned shotlist.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/> Tarog revealed that he designed his shots to reflect the two sides of Luna's personality - mostly straightforward shots to reflect his bluntness, and longer steadicam shots in moments that revealed his poetic side.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
[[Cinematographer]] Pong Ignacio drew inspiration from paintings from the film's period, including Antonio Luna's brother, [[Juan Luna|Juan]], and referenced numerous films portraying trench warfare, citing [[Stanley Kubrick]]'s 1957 film ''[[Paths of Glory]]'' as a particular inspiration.<ref name="BTScinematography"/> Ignacio recounts that the flashback scene to Luna's childhood, which was a single long [[steadicam shot]] involving an elaborate set, was the most challenging shot of the film.<ref name="BTScinematography"/>
===Makeup and prosthetics===
Makeup and prosthetics for the film referred extensively to actual pictures of the historical characters. Arcilla had to grow out his moustache for the film, while Confiado lost significant weight for the role. Confiado also had to spend a long time looking for a barber who could render Aguinaldo's iconic haircut well. Carmen Reyes, who oversaw the makeup and prosthetics for the film, revealed that the makeup for Bing Pimintel, who portrays Luna's mother in two time periods, was particularly challenging. She also added that the choice to portray General Mascardo with only a partially formed moustache was symbolic, reflecting his frustration about being overshadowed by Luna.<ref name=BTSmakeupHM>{{cite AV media
| people = Carmen Reyes
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Hair and Makeup
| date = July 28, 2015
| url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwwZS0dcCEU}}</ref>
===Visual effects===
Visual effects company BlackBurst Inc was tasked to take on the film's [[visual effects]], often in an effort to make a scene shot in a modern location fit seamlessly into the period storytelling of the film.<ref name=BTSmakeupVE>{{cite AV media
| people = Jauhn Dablo
| title = HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Visual Effects
| date = July 28, 2015
| url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmXddLTfnr8}}</ref>
In many cases, BlackBurst removed modern elements such as electric wires from houses and other backgrounds shot on location, or changed details, such as roof shingles on buildings, to match the period. In other cases BlackBurst added digital set extensions, notably the ships in the scene of the Americans arriving in Manila, early in the film. All of the ships were [[computer generated imagery|added digitally]] using [[Autodesk Maya]], and crafting that particular effect took the entire production timetable.<ref name=BTSmakeupVE/>
Background CEO Jauhn Dablo, who also served as the film's visual effects director, revealed that Tarog was very meticulous about the effects, paying attention even to the angle, power, and timing of individual gun shots.<ref name=BTSmakeupVE/>
===Music===
Aside from taking on duties as the film's director, co-writer, and editor, Tarog also composed the score of the film,<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/> drawing inspiration from numerous Russian classical composers, beginning with [[Igor Stravinsky]] mentor [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]].<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
Acclaimed singer-songwriter [[Ebe Dancel]], Tarog's fellow alumnus from the [[UP Rural High School]] in [[Los Baños, Laguna|Los Baños]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], was commissioned to write and perform the movie's theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" (Until there's no Tomorrow) which was published in October 2015 under [[Star Music]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas|date=October 9, 2015|url=http://us.napster.com/artist/ebe-dancel/album/hanggang-wala-nang-bukas-heneral-luna-movie-theme-song-sin|publisher=[[Napster]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title=Ebe Dancel: 'It's easy to misunderstand a passionate man like Antonio Luna'|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/ebe-dancel-its-easy-to-misunderstand-a-passionate-man-like-antonio-luna/|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=June 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ebe Dancel sings theme song for 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/06/11/15/ebe-dancel-sings-theme-song-heneral-luna|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=ABS-CBNnews.com|date=September 11, 2015}}</ref>
==Release==
===Pre-release screenings===
Pre-release screenings of the film were held at selected venues in the [[United States]]; August 30, 2015, in Anthology Film Archives Cinema in [[New York City]] and AMC Rio Cinema in [[Maryland]], [[Virginia]] and [[Washington D.C.]]; August 31, 2015, in Marina Theater in [[San Francisco]] and Krikorian Monrovia Cinema in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. The film was also screened at the Philippine Consulate General in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] on August 30.<ref name=release>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Heneral Luna' to have global premiere on National Heroes Day|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day/|access-date=September 6, 2015|newspaper=InterAksyon|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref>
===Marketing===
The film was released with the tagline "''Bayan o Sarili''" ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], "''Nation or Self?''"), a tagline later used by fans on social media to criticize theaters who had pulled the film out in favor of mainstream films.<ref name=release/><ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
Much of the public interest in the film came from word of mouth and social media.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
By September 19, the film's official trailer posted on [[YouTube]] has garnered over 1 million views and counting.
===Theatrical release===
The film's general release in the Philippines nationwide began on September 9, 2015.<ref name=release/><ref>{{cite news|title='Heneral Luna' to be screened in SF before general release|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/27474/heneral-luna-to-be-screened-in-sf-before-general-release|access-date=September 6, 2015|agency=INQUIRER.net U.S. Bureau|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=August 19, 2015}}</ref>
After initially opening in about 100 theaters, ''Heneral Luna'' was pulled out in many theaters entering its second week, mostly to make way for the Hollywood and mainstream films that were scheduled to open. Down to around 40 cinemas, fans of the film rallied on social media and appealed to theater owners - especially the SM, Ayala and Robinsons cinema chains - to provide more venues for the film.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep">{{cite news|title=How did John Arcilla-starrer, ''Heneral Luna'', fare in the box office?|url=http://www.pep.ph/guide/movies/20268/how-did-john-arcilla-starrer-heneral-luna-fare-in-the-box-office|access-date=September 26, 2015|work=PEP.ph|publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal Inc.|date=September 23, 2015}}</ref>
On the opening of its second week, the film was shown to 79 theaters in the Philippines and then was increased to 94 by the weekends due to the increase of popularity.{{Citation needed|date=September 2015}} Word of mouth, critical acclaim, and social media coverage boosted the film's popularity, resulting in sold-out theaters nationwide - prompting cinema owners to show it again in their theaters.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
==Reception==
===Box office===
Since its theatrical release on September 9, 2015, ''Heneral Luna'' has made {{Philippine Peso|180}} in million gross sales at the box office - only {{Philippine Peso|20 million}} short of the {{Philippine Peso|200 million}} it needs to be able to break even at the box office, after cinemas' cut in ticket sales have been considered. On September 29, 2015, it passed the {{Philippine Peso|160 million}} mark to become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time.<ref name="160Mkickerdaily"/>
As an independent film, ''Heneral Luna'' had a limited marketing budget, resulting in relatively low sales in its first week - {{Philippine Peso|15 million}} from September 9 to 15, 2015.<ref name="160Mabscbn"/>
Due to positive word of mouth, ticket sales surged on ''Heneral Luna'''s second release week, earning {{Philippine Peso|44 million}} from September 16 to 22.<ref name="160Mabscbn"/> despite the reduction in the number of theaters showing the film early in that week.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/> The distributor of the film, Joji Alonso, noted that âthe 1st day gross of the second week is way higher than the 1st day gross of the 1st week. And to think the number of theaters was reduced by more than half!â<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
On the third week, when even mainstream films normally see a drop in box office sales, ''Heneral Luna'''s numbers surged even higher, earning {{Philippine Peso|104,010,219.00}} from September 23 to 29.<ref name="3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/107836-heneral-luna-box-office-update|title='Heneral Luna' reaches P200M mark in the box office|website=Rappler|date=October 3, 2015}}</ref>
By the beginning of its fourth week, the film was averaging gross box office sales of about {{Philippine Peso|8.5 million}} a day.<ref name="3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler"/>
Worldwide, the film made $4,625,639, including $206,040 in the USA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr1811108357/|title = Heneral Luna}}</ref>
===Home media===
A nationwide DVD release of ''Heneral Luna'' was done by distributor Magnavision, Inc. on December 18, 2015. Over 7,000 DVD copies of the film were sold in less than a month since its release making it the best-selling DVD of any Filipino historical film in the Philippines. Among the bonus features of the DVD are English subtitle, a music video for the film's official theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" by [[Ebe Dancel]], a making of - documentary, and a short film entitled ''Illustrado Problems'' directed by JP Habac, which featured the illustrado characters from ''Heneral Luna'' in a comedic light.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Heneral Luna' breaks DVD sales record as 'Bonifacio' released in streaming video|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=January 25, 2016}}</ref> On June 11, 2016, the film was broadcast for the first time on television through the [[ABS-CBN]] network.<ref>{{cite news|title=Multi-media blitz for 'Heneral Luna' on Independence Day|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/multi-media-blitz-for-heneral-luna-on-independence-day/|date=June 4, 2016|publisher=[[News5|Interaksyon.com]]}}</ref> Artikulo Uno Productions and [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] earlier announced a partnership to distribute ''Heneral Luna'' on all platforms of ABS-CBN including free-to-air, cable, global, video on demand, and pay per view.<ref>{{cite news|title='Heneral Luna' goes to TV|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/heneral-luna-goes-to-tv/258268/|date=April 25, 2016|newspaper=[[The Manila Times]]}}</ref>
The film is available for streaming on [[YouTube]] since August 28, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|author=Cha Lino|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/388719/heneral-luna-to-be-available-for-streaming-on-youtube|title='Heneral Luna' to be available for streaming on YouTube|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=August 28, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref>
===Filmmakers===
A forum dubbed as âThe Heneral Luna Revolution: Game Changer in Film Distributionâ was held at Cinema 1 of [[Trinoma]] on October 27, 2015. The forum co-presented by QCinema and InterAksyon.com mainly tackled about the box office success of ''Heneral Luna'' and how could other indie films replicate this feat. The forum was moderated by InterAksyon.com editor-in-chief Roby Alampay and led by panel members director Jerrold Tarog and associate producers Vincent Nebrida and Ria Limjap.
===Critical reception===
[[File:Ambeth R. Ocampo.jpg|thumb|Ambeth Ocampo, historian and former [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] chairperson, was among the people who made a critical review on the film]]
''Heneral Luna'' received mostly positive reviews from film critics in the Philippines<ref name="REVIEWkrip"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Alejo|first1=Annie|title=Hero. Human. Heneral Luna.|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/hero-human-heneral-luna/|access-date=September 22, 2015|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mayuga|first1=Sylvia|title='Heneral Luna': Hero for the millennial generation|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/536252/lifestyle/artandculture/heneral-luna-hero-for-the-millennial-generation|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=GMA News|date=September 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hawson|first1=Fred|title=Review: Hot-headed and heroic 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/09/21/15/review-hot-headed-and-heroic-heneral-luna|access-date=September 26, 2015|work=Fred Said|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=September 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tordesillas|first1=Ellen|title=Aquino, Del Rosario and Gazmin should watch 'Heneral Luna'|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/blogs/opinions/09/20/15/aquino-del-rosario-and-gazmin-should-watch-heneral-luna|access-date=September 22, 2015|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=September 21, 2015}}</ref> and historians alike.<ref name="TEMPERocampo"/><ref name=LUNAMABINInery>{{cite news|last1=Nery|first1=John|title=Apolinario Mabini vs General Luna|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/88738/apolinario-mabini-vs-general-luna|access-date=September 22, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref>
Historian and former [[National Commission for Culture and the Arts]] chair [[Ambeth Ocampo]] strongly recommended the film,<ref name="TEMPERocampo">{{cite news|last1=Ocampo|first1=Ambeth|title=Antonio Luna and his temper|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/88371/antonio-luna-and-his-temper|access-date=September 22, 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=September 9, 2015}}</ref> calling it "an engaging narrative, supported by wonderful cinematography and grounded on sound historical research." He added that "When I previewed the film, I commented that it should not open with a disclaimer simply because it is a cinematic retelling of what many consider textbook history and is not a doctoral dissertation."<ref name="TEMPERocampo"/>
Comparisons have been drawn between Arcilla's portrayal of Luna in the film, and that of the character he played in [[John Sayles]]' 2010 film ''[[Amigo (film)|Amigo]]'', which was also set during the Filipino-American War, albeit on a much smaller scale - depicting the war as it was experienced in a single barrio.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lo|first1=Ricky|title=John in the Company of Heroes|url=http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2015/08/30/1493755/john-company-heroes|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=The Philippine Star|date=August 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Visaya|first1=Momar|title=Heneral Luna & Pamanhikan premiere at the AAIFF|journal=LifeEASTyle Magazine|date=July 24, 2015|url=http://asianjournal.com/aj-magazines/heneral-luna-pamanhikan/|access-date=September 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/140758/game-of-the-general|title=Game of the general|first=Bayani Jr.|last=San Diego|website=entertainment.inquirer.net|date=April 28, 2014}}</ref>
''[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]'' Arts and Books editor Lito B. Zulueta suggests that "By focusing on arguably the most ruggedâand therefore the most dynamicâfigure of the Philippine war against the American invaders, Jerrold Tarogâs 'Heneral Luna' revives the historical action movie and in effect, revitalizes two dormant genresâthe action film and more important, the historical film."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/205799/epic-movie-shows-how-the-revolution-assassinated-heneral-luna/|title=Epic movie shows how the Revolution assassinated 'Heneral Luna'|date=September 7, 2015|website=Inquirer Lifestyle}}</ref> Michael Kho Lim from the ''[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)|Daily Tribune]]'' also gave a positive review, saying âTimely as it is significant. John Arcilla breathes life to Luna. Complex. Poetic. Gripping.â<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Michael Kho|title=The untold (hi)story in Heneral Luna|url=http://www.tribune.net.ph/life-style/the-untold-hi-story-in-heneral-luna|access-date=July 7, 2016|publisher=Tribune.net|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref>
[[Rappler]] critic Oggs Cruz calls the film âprecise in its storytelling and in its depiction of the major players of the revolution," furthering that "John Arcilla is excellent. Tarog makes his character human⊠and creates an essay of everything that is wrong with our nationhood. Tarogâs ''Heneral Luna'' is fascinating, beautiful to gaze at, and genuinely affecting.â [[ClickTheCity]] critic Philbert Ortiz Dy gave the film 5 out of 5 stars, saying "Beyond its obvious technical achievement, ''Heneral Luna'' is worth seeing for its audacious approach to tackling our countryâs tragic history. All at once bold, artful, darkly funny, informed and deeply entertaining, it makes the revolution come alive in surprising, delightful ways. This film triumphs in capturing the spirit of its subject, the whole enterprise fueled with a heady mix of rage, irreverence and a genuine love of country. It is everything that an Antonio Luna biopic should be.â
[[Rotten Tomatoes]], a [[review aggregator]] gives the film a score of 75% based on 8 reviews, with an average rating of 5.25/10.<ref>{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|id=heneral_luna |type=m |title=Heneral Luna |access-date=January 30, 2021}}</ref> At [[Metacritic]], the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Heneral Luna |id=heneral-luna |type=movie |access-date=January 30, 2021 }}</ref> ''Heneral Luna'' received a Grade A from [[Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Carvajal|first1=Dolly|title=John Arcilla presents hero's human side|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/177684/john-arcilla-presents-heros-human-side|access-date=September 21, 2015|work=Inquirer Entertainment|publisher=Inquirer.net|date=September 2, 2015}}</ref>
===Accolades===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! colspan=5 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | List of accolades
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Award / Film Festival
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col" style="width:10%;"| Result
|-
|rowspan=12|[[Luna Award]]s 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/146591-list-winners-luna-awards-2016-film-academy-of-the-philippines|title=FULL LIST: Winners, Luna Awards 2016|work=[[Rappler]]|date=September 18, 2016 |access-date=September 19, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Best Picture
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Director
| Jerrold Tarrog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha and Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Actor
| John Arcilla
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
| Nonie Buencamino
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Mylene Dizon
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| Pong Ignacio
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Production Design
| Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Musical Scoring
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Sound
| Mikko Quizon
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=8|[[39th Gawad Urian Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|title=FULL LIST: Winners, Gawad Urian 2016|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/137199-winners-gawad-urian-2016-awards-results|access-date=June 29, 2016|work=[[Rappler]]|date=June 22, 2016}}</ref>
| Best Picture
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Director
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| Jerrold Tarog, Henry Francia & E.A Rocha
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| Pong Ignacio
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Music
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Sound
| Mikko Quizon
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan=2|2016 Platinum Stallion Media Awards<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pagulong|first1=Charmie Joy|title=Trinity picks STAR as best broadsheet|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/02/05/1549836/trinity-picks-star-best-broadsheet|access-date=February 8, 2016|newspaper=The Philippine Star|date=February 5, 2016}}</ref>
| Best Student-Oriented Film
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Film Actor
| John Arcilla
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|14th Gawad Tanglaw Awards<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Honor Thy Father,' John Lloyd Cruz win big in Gawad Tanglaw|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/honor-thy-father-john-lloyd-cruz-win-big-in-gawad-tanglaw/|access-date=February 17, 2016|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=February 15, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219023837/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/honor-thy-father-john-lloyd-cruz-win-big-in-gawad-tanglaw/|archive-date=February 19, 2016}}</ref>|| Student's Choice Award for Best Film || Jerrold Tarog ||{{Won}}
|-
| Best Cinematography || Pong Ignacio ||{{Won}}
|-
| Gantimpalang Dr. Jaime G. Ang<br />Presidential Jury Award for Film || John Arcilla ||{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=3|[[10th Asian Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|title='Heneral Luna' earns nominations at Asian Film Awards 2016|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/121329-heneral-luna-nominated-asian-film-awards-2016|access-date=February 6, 2016|work=Rappler|date=February 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tantiangco|first1=Aya|title=Filipino epic film 'Heneral Luna' empty-handed in Asian Film Fest awards|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/559539/showbiz/chikaminute/filipino-epic-film-heneral-luna-empty-handed-in-asian-film-fest-awards|access-date=March 18, 2016|publisher=GMA News|date=March 18, 2016}}</ref>
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| John Arcilla
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Costume Design
| Carlo Tabije
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Production Design
| Benjamin Padero, Carlo Tabije
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="13"|[[32nd PMPC Star Awards for Movies]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/123915-pmpc-star-awards-movies-2016-full-list-winners|title=FULL LIST: Winners, PMPC Star Awards for Movies 2016|work=[[Rappler]]|date=March 7, 2016|access-date=March 12, 2016}}</ref>
| Movie of the Year
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Director of the Year
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Actor of the Year
| John Arcilla
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|Movie Supporting Actor of the Year
| Noni Buencamino
| {{nom}}
|-
| Mon Confiado
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Supporting Actress of the Year
| Mylene Dizon
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Screenwriter of the Year
| Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha, and Jerrold Tarog
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Cinematographer of the Year
| Pong Ignacio
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Production Designer of the Year
| Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije
| {{nom}}
|-
| Movie Editor of the Year
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Movie Musical Scorer of the Year
| Jerrold Tarog
| {{won}}
|-
| Movie Sound Engineer of the Year
| Mikko Quizon and Hit Productions
| {{won}}
|-
| Movie Original Theme Song of the Year
| Hanggang Wala Nang Wakas, composed, arranged, and interpreted by Ebe Dancel
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[2016 Box Office Entertainment Awards]]<ref>{{cite news |title=AlDub and other Kapuso celebs dominate the 2016 Box Office Entertainment Awards |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/21669/aldub-and-other-kapuso-celebs-dominate-the-2016-box-office-entertainment-awards/story |access-date=September 24, 2020 |work=GMA Entertainment |date=February 22, 2016}}</ref>
| Highest Grossing Historical Film of All Time
| ''Heneral Luna''
| {{won}}
|}
==Themes and symbolism==
{{gallery
|File:Juan Luna Spoliarium.jpg
|The ''[[Spoliarium]]''
|File:DCT-Spoliarium.jpg
|The scene which was made to resemble the painting on the left.
|align=right
}}
A number of visual motifs throughout film have symbolic significance, particularly for audiences familiar with the [[History of the Philippines (1898â1946)|History of the period]] and [[Culture of the Philippines|Filipino culture]].
A Philippine revolutionary flag is displayed prominently in the film's [[framing device|bookend scenes]], becoming dirtier and more ragged when the film reverts to its framing device as the events of the film unfold.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Campomanes |first1=Alvin |title=A Study Guide for "Heneral Luna" |url=https://www.henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf |website=Heneral Luna The Movie |access-date=August 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323081811/https://www.henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |date=2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The burning flag during the end credits is a poignant experience for Filipino audiences, as flag-burning is not legal under the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.<ref name="REVIEWkrip">{{cite news|last1=Yuson|first1=Alfred|title=And the enemy is us|url=http://www.philstar.com/arts-and-culture/2015/08/17/1488365/and-enemy-us|access-date=September 22, 2015|work=KRIPOTKIN|publisher=The Philippine Star|date=August 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Republic Act No. 8491: Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/ |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |publisher=National Government of the Philippines |access-date=August 27, 2021 |ref=republic-act-8491}}</ref>
In a scene towards the end of the film, the bodies of Luna and RomĂĄn are dragged across the courtyard in a manner highly reminiscent of the ''[[Spoliarium]]'', a painting which has served as artistic icon of [[Filipino nationalism]], painted in 1884 by Luna's own brother, [[Juan Luna]].<ref name="STUARTSANTIAGO">{{cite news|last1=Santiago|first1=Katrina Stuart|title=Heneral Luna burns the flag|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/heneral-luna-burns-the-flag/211818/|access-date=September 26, 2015|newspaper=The Manila Times|date=August 22, 2015}}</ref>
==Historical accuracy and significance==
With much of the film based on the works of Vivencio R. Jose, the film not only stayed true to the broad historical narrative, but to lesser known elements of Luna's personality, such as his penchant for musical instruments, his close relationship to his mother, his love of women, and his passion for the Philippine countryside.<ref name="BTShistory">{{cite AV media
| people = Vivencio R. Jose
| title = HENERAL LUNA: The History behind the Movie
| date = September 13, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwxrnE4yW7g}}</ref>
Tarog described the film as an "attempt to identify the ills" of Philippine society, emphasizing that the Filipinos' biggest enemy has been their own selves and not necessarily colonialization, and has been in "a cycle of betrayal".<ref name="LIGHTOFDAYinquirer"/>
In one of the press conferences for the film's release, Tarog noted that the film took minor [[Artistic license|creative liberties]] such as Antonio Luna's frequent usage of the Filipino [[profanity]] such as the word ''putang ina'' (roughly translated as "son of a bitch") in the film in an effort to connect the film to the Filipino [[Millennials|millennial]] generation which was the film's target audience.<ref name=release/> There were also inaccuracies in the film's battle scenes. In its depiction of the [[Battle of Santo Tomas]], the Filipinos are shown to be victorious against the Americans when in fact it was the Americans who won and they only suffered two casualties. Also, the man who saved Luna after his brave charge on horseback wasn't Colonel Roman as depicted in film, but was actually Alejandro Avecilla.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history-ph.blogspot.com/2015/10/heneral-luna-historical-liberties-and.html|title=Heneral Luna: historical liberties and inaccuracies|publisher=The Young Filipino Historian|first=Al|last=Raposas|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf|title=Heneral Luna Study Guide|first=Alvin|last=Campomanes|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref>
Historian and columnist John Nery notes that an important part of Luna's personal history, his non-support of the first phase of the Philippine revolution - is not mentioned in the film, although he also notes that the event takes place outside the movie's timeframe, and the film does not contradict it. Nery notes that, "Lunaâs atonement is not part of the movieâs backstory (although on viewing the movie a second time I imagined it would easily fit the movieâs main narrative). Does this lessen director Jerrold Tarogâs work, or lead actor John Arcillaâs art? I do not think so, because the movie approaches the Luna story on its own terms."<ref name="ALEJANDRINOnery">{{Cite web|url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/88960/what-we-still-dont-know-about-antonio-luna|title=What we (still) don't know about Antonio Luna|first=John|last=Nery|website=opinion.inquirer.net|date=September 29, 2015}}</ref>
One of the creative liberties taken by the film with the historical timeline is that it portrays [[Apolinario Mabini]] as still holding a position of leadership at Luna's funeral, in June 1899; historically, however, Mabini had been pressured by his political adversaries into resigning from government a month earlier, in May 1899, replaced in his post as [[Prime Minister of the Philippines|Prime Minister]] by [[Pedro Paterno]]. The film portrays the relationship between Mabini and Pedro Paterno as amicable.<ref name="keat804">{{citation| last = Keat| first = Gin Ooi| title = Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor| publisher = ABC-CLIO| year = 2004| isbn = 1-57607-770-5| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=July 2019}}
===Isabel and conspiracy theories related to Ysidra Cojuangco===
In an interview with CNN Philippines' [[Pia Hontiveros]], Tarog revealed that the name of the character Isabel, played by Mylene Dizon, is "a wink" to conspiracy theorists who believe there was a relationship between Luna and Ysidra Cojuangco. According to the theory, made popular early in the term of President Benigno Aquino III, who is a descendant of Cojuangco, money squirreled away by Luna from the revolution was actually the source of the Cojuangco family fortune. However, Tarog also revealed that he found no evidence of any such relationship between Ysidra and Luna, and that the name was thus nothing more than a humorous reference. Instead, Tarog revealed that Dizon's character was a composite of several of Luna's lovers and Nicolasa Dayrit, the woman who tried to intervene between Mascardo and Luna during their argument.<ref name="INTERVIEWhontiveros">
{{cite AV media
| people = [[Pia Hontiveros]], Art Acuña, E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog
| title = news.PH: Heneral Luna (Part 1)
| date = July 28, 2015
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8qAWT-ZBlA}}</ref>
==Controversies==
Given the socio-political nature of the film's themes, and the production's success relative to the majority of the Philippines' indie films and historical films, numerous aspects of the public reception to the film have been covered in media.
===Early pull-out===
One of the more unusual aspects of the public response to ''Heneral Luna'' was the successful campaign to put the film back in theaters. At first, more than half of the theaters that premiered the movie on September 9 had pulled it out after less than 5 days, which is typical practice for commercial movie theaters showing independent Filipino films. By September 16, only 40 of the 101 theaters that premiered it were still showing it. This resulted in a clamor among netizens and artists to bring the film back.<ref>{{cite news|title=Netizens lament pull-out of 'Heneral Luna' from cinemas|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/178663/netizens-lament-pulling-out-heneral-luna-from-cinemas|access-date=September 25, 2015|publisher=INQUIRER.net|date=September 16, 2015}}</ref> This helped create word of mouth publicity for the film after its first week, resulting in packed cinemas on the film's first weekend. As a result, cinemas decided to screen the film again, with second and third week box office results significantly higher than the first. By the end of the film's first weekend, Heneral Luna was showing in 120 cinemas - higher than the number of cinemas that originally screened it.<ref name="BOXOFFICEpep"/>
===Lack of knowledge about Mabini's paralysis===
[[File:A mabini.jpg|thumb|[[Apolinario Mabini]]]]
The film's popularity has also led to some criticism of the Philippine educational system, due to reports of numerous incidents - including one during a Q&A with actor Epy Quizon, who portrayed [[Apolinario Mabini]] in the film - in which school-age youths asked why Mabini never stood up throughout the film, implying a lack of familiarity with the famously paralytic statesman.<ref name="MABINISITTINGinquirer">{{cite news|title='Why is Mabini just seated?' Epy Quizon stands up to the confused|url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/179411/why-is-mabini-just-seated-epy-quizon-stands-up-to-the-confused|access-date=September 26, 2015|publisher=INQUIRER.net|date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Benigno Aquino III]] noted this as well. In the 2015 ''Gawad'' Apolinario Mabini awarding ceremonies on September 29, 2015, he noted the issue was "a reflection of how little some of the youth know about history," considering Mabini's intelligence played a role in building the Philippines' democratic institution. He later hinted about tasking [[Secretary of Education (Philippines)|Education Secretary]] [[Armin Luistro]] to resolve the impasse.<ref name="SEATEDAQUINOinq">{{Cite web|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/726449/aquino-cant-believe-question-asked-why-mabini-was-seated-throughout-luna-movie|title=Aquino can't believe question asked why Mabini was seated throughout Luna movie|first=Nikko|last=Dizon|website=newsinfo.inquirer.net|date=September 30, 2015}}</ref>
===Portrayal of Aguinaldo===
A number of historians have noted that the Film's portrayal of Emilio Aguinaldo is more negative than it thought to be by the viewers due to the plot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/09/28/15/hero-or-traitor-historian-weighs-aguinaldo-luna|title=Hero or traitor? Historian weighs in on Aguinaldo, Luna|first=Patrick Quintos|last=ABS-CBNnews.com|website=ABS-CBN News|date=September 28, 2015}}</ref> Reacting to the film, [[Secretary of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)|Transport secretary]] [[Joseph Emilio Abaya]], who is one of Aguinaldo's descendants, said that he maintains his belief that his great-grandfather did not assassinate Luna.<ref>{{cite news|title=Abaya does not believe in 'Luna' storyline|url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/2015/09/25/abaya-does-not-believe-in-luna-storyline/|access-date=October 2, 2015|work=MST News|publisher=[[Manila Standard]]|date=September 25, 2015}}</ref>[[Kawit]], Cavite Mayor Angelo Emilio Aguinaldo said during the sidelines of the municipality's tourism campaign launch. He is not happy about as historical movies made over the past few years, the filmmakers were debasing General Emilio Aguinaldo. He also revealed that neither he nor the members of his family were informed of the film, nor did they have their permission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/348570/aguinaldo-kin-recent-portrayals-of-emilio-aguinaldo-degrade-his-image|title=Aguinaldo kin: Recent portrayals of Emilio Aguinaldo 'degrade' his image|date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
However, the director has indicated that one of the hopes of the planned trilogy is to present a more rounded portrayal of Aguinaldo.<ref name=mostimportant>{{cite news|last1=Garlitos|first1=Raymund Magno|title=The most important filmmaker of our era is Jerrold Tarog|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/the-most-important-filmmaker-of-our-era-is-jerrold-tarog/|access-date=October 2, 2015|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> Actor Mon Confiado was given specific instructions never to portray Aguinaldo as a villain - while the audience might see him as a villain because of the plot, the portrayal itself would hinge on character motivations, such as the need for self-preservation, and never simple villainy.<ref name="BTStarogroles"/>
===Unauthorized releases===
Upon learning that [[Bootleg recording|bootleg]] copies of the film were already circulating, the cast and crew of the film campaigned on social media to discourage potential viewers from buying or [[warez|downloading]] unlicensed copies of the film, and were soon joined by fans posting [[image macro]]s and other such [[Internet meme|meme]]s encouraging viewers to support the film instead of unauthorized copies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/538345/scitech/technology/heneral-luna-battles-pirates-in-this-lego-short/|title=Heneral Luna, kontra-pirata!|website=GMA News Online}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=October 2015}} The [[Optical Media Board]] and the [[Philippine National Police]] made raids against the distribution of illegal DVD copies of the film.<ref name=radyoinquirer>{{cite news|last1=Avendaño-Umali|first1=Isa|title=OMB, PNP, kinalampag laban sa naglipanang pirated DVDs ng Heneral Luna (OMB, PNP made crackdowns against circulation of pirated DVDs of Heneral Luna)|url=http://radyo.inquirer.net/10215/omb-pnp-kinalampag-laban-sa-naglipanang-pirated-dvds-ng-heneral-luna#sthash.4hhRahbU.dpuf|access-date=October 2, 2015|publisher=Radyo Inquirer|date=September 30, 2015|language=fil}}</ref>
==Sequel==
{{Main|Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral}}
Noting the breakout success of ''Heneral Luna'', director Jerrold Tarog said there are plans to make it the first of a trilogy if it generated enough revenues. The other two films would individually focus on [[Gregorio del Pilar]] and [[Manuel L. Quezon]]. Tarog likened the mid-credits scene of ''Heneral Luna'' to mid- or end-credit scenes of films in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] that show potential plot points in an upcoming film.<ref name=mostimportant/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sallan|first1=Edwin|title='Heneral Luna' to have global premiere on National Heroes Day|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day/|access-date=October 2, 2015|publisher=InterAksyon.com|date=August 31, 2015}}</ref> Tarog has also expressed interest in making a film featuring female revolutionary [[Teresa Magbanua]], who led troops in the Visayas region during the war.<ref>{{cite news|title='WATCH: After 'Heneral Luna,' a movie on Gregorio del Pilar is in the works, Paulo Avelino to star'|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref>
At an interview on Radio Republic, Tarog indicated that his next project as a director would either be an adaptation of [[Arnold Arre]]'s ''[[The Mythology Class]]'', or the sequel to ''Heneral Luna'', whose title he revealed to be ''Goryo'' (which would eventually be changed later to ''Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral''<ref name="Angelitonews">{{Cite news|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/02/07/17/gregorio-del-pilar-short-film-to-hit-theaters-with-im-drunk-i-love-you|title='Gregorio del Pilar' short film to hit theaters with 'I'm Drunk I Love You'|date=February 7, 2017|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=March 2, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>), confirming that it would focus on Gregorio del Pilar.<ref name="RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero"/><ref>{{cite web | last = Jordan | first = Clark | title = Arnold Arre's THE MYTHOLOGY CLASS Headed For Theatres | website = The Aswang Project | publisher = High Banks Entertainment Ltd. | date = September 27, 2015 | url = http://www.aswangproject.com/mythology-class-headed-for-theatres | access-date = September 27, 2015}}</ref> At a special thanksgiving party on October 29, 2015 - Antonio Luna's 149th birth anniversary - co-producer EA Rocha confirmed that the del Pilar biopic is "in development" with a projected release scheduled in a few years time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino|title=WATCH: After 'Heneral Luna,' a movie on Gregorio del Pilar is in the works, Paulo Avelino to star|date=October 29, 2015|work=[[Rappler]]|access-date=March 2, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
On February 6, 2017, Tarog announced through his Twitter account that a short film bridging the events of ''Heneral Luna'' to that of ''Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral'' would be released on February 15 alongside the film ''[[I'm Drunk, I Love You]]''.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=JerroldTarog |author=Jerrold Tarog|number=828560886008737793 |date=February 6, 2017 |title=I guess I can announce now that a 20-min short film prequel to GOYO called ANGELITO will be attached to I'M DRUNK I LOVE YOU. Opens Feb 15. }}</ref> The 20-minute short film, titled ''Angelito,'' focused on the fate of the Bernal brothers after Luna's assassination with Art Acuña, Alex Medina, Arron Villaflor and Carlo Aquino reprising their roles in ''Heneral Luna''.<ref name="Angelitonews"/>
==In popular culture==
Due to the film's success, [[KFC|KFC Philippines]] released commercials featuring Arcilla reprising his role as the film's titular character in late 2017 for their Christmas promos. The first commercial features Luna planning to demote himself to colonel to promote the fast food chain's Christmas offers. The second commercial, while also promoting the same products and offers, featured Luna with three Filipino KFC colonels played by [[Ronaldo Valdez]], [[Leo Martinez]], and [[Pen Medina]].
==Lunan at panahon==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Antonio Luna]]
*[[Apolinario Mabini]]
*[[Emilio Aguinaldo]]
*[[PhilippineâAmerican War]]
*[[Jerrold Tarog]]
*[[Sakay (film)|''Sakay'' (film)]]
*[[Amigo (film)|''Amigo'' (film)]]
*[[El Presidente (film)|''El Presidente'' (film)]]
*''[[Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo]]''
*[[The Trial of Andres Bonifacio (film)|''The Trial of Andres Bonifacio'' (film)]]
{{colend}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
*{{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20151224120626/http://henerallunathemovie.com/}}
*{{IMDb title|id=tt4944352|title=Heneral Luna}}
*{{Allmovie title|642215}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes|heneral_luna}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_B0jD4CTSpEmIOeJcVl3HQ Official YouTube channel]
{{Jerrold Tarog}}
{{Philippine submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Biographical action films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about military leaders]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Andrés Bonifacio]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Apolinario Mabini]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Emilio Aguinaldo]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Filipino men]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of José Rizal]]
[[Category:Films set during the PhilippineâAmerican War]]
[[Category:Philippine biographical films]]
[[Category:Philippine war films]]
[[Category:Philippine films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Philippine historical films]]
[[Category:Philippine New Wave]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jerrold Tarog]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1890s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bataan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Batangas]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ilocos Norte]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ilocos Sur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Laguna (province)]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rizal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tarlac]]
[[Category:War epic films]]
[[Category:Historical action films]]
[[Category:2015 drama films]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
{{Infobox film
| name = Heneral jona
-| image = Heneral Luna film poster.jpg
+| image = bayot Luna film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official movie poster
| director = [[Jerrold Tarog]]
-| producer = Fernando Ortigas
+| producer = Fernando Poe jr Ortigas
| writers = {{Plainlist|
* Henry Francia
' |
New page size (new_size) | 66005 |
Old page size (old_size) | 66000 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 5 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '| image = bayot Luna film poster.jpg',
1 => '| producer = Fernando Poe jr Ortigas'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| image = Heneral Luna film poster.jpg',
1 => '| producer = Fernando Ortigas'
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
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2 => 'http://www.pep.ph/news/62252/john-lloyd-bea-vice-coco-vic-ai-ai-lead-winners-at-the-box-office-entertainment-awards',
3 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060039/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/',
4 => 'http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/',
5 => 'http://entertainment.inquirer.net/180777/heneral-luna-earns-p240m-breaks-even',
6 => 'https://variety.com/2015/film/asia/philippines-sends-heneral-luna-to-battle-for-foreign-language-oscar-1201598556/',
7 => 'https://kickerdaily.com/posts/2015/09/heneral-luna-mark-third-week/',
8 => 'https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/30/15/heneral-luna-continues-charge-hits-p160m',
9 => 'https://entertainment.inquirer.net/180003/heneral-luna-now-highest-grossing-filipino-historical-film-of-all-time',
10 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150923102638/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/',
11 => 'http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/',
12 => 'https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1041317259225385&set=a.113724021984718.13764.100000413632532&type=3',
13 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151001002533/http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976',
14 => 'http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976',
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16 => 'http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/ispeak/107265-joven-antonio-luna-bagong-henerasyon',
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53 => 'http://entertainment.inquirer.net/177684/john-arcilla-presents-heros-human-side',
54 => 'http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/146591-list-winners-luna-awards-2016-film-academy-of-the-philippines',
55 => 'http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/137199-winners-gawad-urian-2016-awards-results',
56 => 'http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/02/05/1549836/trinity-picks-star-best-broadsheet',
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58 => 'http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/honor-thy-father-john-lloyd-cruz-win-big-in-gawad-tanglaw/',
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65 => 'https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/',
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68 => 'http://history-ph.blogspot.com/2015/10/heneral-luna-historical-liberties-and.html',
69 => 'http://henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf',
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71 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC',
72 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8qAWT-ZBlA',
73 => 'http://entertainment.inquirer.net/178663/netizens-lament-pulling-out-heneral-luna-from-cinemas',
74 => 'http://entertainment.inquirer.net/179411/why-is-mabini-just-seated-epy-quizon-stands-up-to-the-confused',
75 => 'https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/726449/aquino-cant-believe-question-asked-why-mabini-was-seated-throughout-luna-movie',
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78 => 'https://entertainment.inquirer.net/348570/aguinaldo-kin-recent-portrayals-of-emilio-aguinaldo-degrade-his-image',
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81 => 'http://radyo.inquirer.net/10215/omb-pnp-kinalampag-laban-sa-naglipanang-pirated-dvds-ng-heneral-luna#sthash.4hhRahbU.dpuf',
82 => 'http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino',
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84 => 'http://www.aswangproject.com/mythology-class-headed-for-theatres',
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86 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151224120626/http://henerallunathemovie.com/',
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81 => 'https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/726449/aquino-cant-believe-question-asked-why-mabini-was-seated-throughout-luna-movie',
82 => 'https://opinion.inquirer.net/88960/what-we-still-dont-know-about-antonio-luna',
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85 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151001002533/http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976',
86 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20151224120626/http://henerallunathemovie.com/',
87 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160219023837/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/honor-thy-father-john-lloyd-cruz-win-big-in-gawad-tanglaw/',
88 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160323081811/https://www.henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf',
89 => 'https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1998/02/12/republic-act-no-8491/'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2015 Filipino historical film</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the biopic war film with General Antonio Luna. For a biography about the Filipino general, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Heneral jona</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Bayot_Luna_film_poster.jpg" class="new" title="File:Bayot Luna film poster.jpg">File:Bayot Luna film poster.jpg</a><div class="infobox-caption">Official movie poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerrold_Tarog" title="Jerrold Tarog">Jerrold Tarog</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>Henry Francia</li>
<li>E.A. Rocha</li>
<li>Jerrold Tarog</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Personal_life" title="Personal life">Life</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">Fernando Poe jr Ortigas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Arcilla" title="John Arcilla">John Arcilla</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mon_Confiado" title="Mon Confiado">Mon Confiado</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arron_Villaflor" title="Arron Villaflor">Arron Villaflor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joem_Bascon" title="Joem Bascon">Joem Bascon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archie_Alemania" title="Archie Alemania">Archie Alemania</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epi_Quizon" class="mw-redirect" title="Epi Quizon">Epi Quizon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nonie_Buencamino" title="Nonie Buencamino">Nonie Buencamino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paulo_Avelino" title="Paulo Avelino">Paulo Avelino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leo_Martinez" title="Leo Martinez">Leo Martinez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mylene_Dizon" title="Mylene Dizon">Mylene Dizon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronnie_Lazaro" title="Ronnie Lazaro">Ronnie Lazaro</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Pong Ignacio</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Jerrold Tarog</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data">Jerrold Tarog</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/TBA_Studios" title="TBA Studios">Artikulo Uno Productions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Quantum Films</li><li>Abramorama <span style="font-size:85%;">(United States)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Abramorama_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abramorama-1">[1]</a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>September 9, 2015<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2015-09-09</span>)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">118 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">â±</a>80 million</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">â±256 million</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Heneral Luna</b></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>'General Luna') is a 2015 Filipino <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_film" title="War film">war</a> film starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Arcilla" title="John Arcilla">John Arcilla</a> as the titular character <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a> who led the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionary_Army" title="Philippine Revolutionary Army">Philippine Revolutionary Army</a> during the early phases of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="PhilippineâAmerican War">PhilippineâAmerican War</a>. Directed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerrold_Tarog" title="Jerrold Tarog">Jerrold Tarog</a> and produced by Artikulo Uno Productions, the film received critical acclaim from critics, praising its cinematography, writing, acting and plot. The film was selected as the Philippine entry for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Language Film</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/88th_Academy_Awards" title="88th Academy Awards">88th Academy Awards</a> but it was not nominated.<sup id="cite_ref-Philippines_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philippines-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>With a production budget of <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±80 million</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-breaksEven_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-breaksEven-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Variety_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Variety-6">[6]</a></sup> it is one of the most expensive Filipino <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> historical films ever released. On September 29, 2015, it broke the previous record of <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±160 million</span> to become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-160Mkickerdaily_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160Mkickerdaily-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160Mabscbn_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160Mabscbn-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Despite a 50% discount that was offered to student viewers,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> by the beginning of its fourth week, the film was well on its way to reaching the <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±200 million</span> gross ticket sales.<sup id="cite_ref-alonso1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alonso1-11">[11]</a></sup> On October 11, it was officially announced that the film had reached its <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±240 million</span> break even point.<sup id="cite_ref-breaksEven_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-breaksEven-5">[5]</a></sup> The film's success spawned the sequel <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goyo:_Ang_Batang_Heneral" class="mw-redirect" title="Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral">Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral</a></i>, which focuses on General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorio_Del_Pilar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorio Del Pilar">Gregorio Del Pilar</a> during the PhilippineâAmerican War.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Plot"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Plot</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cast"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Cast</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Historical_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical characters</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Members_of_Aguinaldo's_Presidential_Cabinet"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Members of Aguinaldo's Presidential Cabinet</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Antonio_Luna's_general_staff"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Antonio Luna's general staff</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Members_of_the_"Cavite_Faction"_of_the_Philippine_Republican_Army"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Members of the "Cavite Faction" of the Philippine Republican Army</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Other_Philippine_Republican_Army_personnel"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other Philippine Republican Army personnel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#United_States_Army_personnel"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">United States Army personnel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Other_supporting_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other supporting characters</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Fictional_or_composite_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fictional or composite characters</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Production"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Production</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Screenplay"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Screenplay</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Pre-production"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-production</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Casting"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Casting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Filming"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Filming</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Makeup_and_prosthetics"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Makeup and prosthetics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Visual_effects"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Visual effects</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Music"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Music</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Release"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Release</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Pre-release_screenings"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-release screenings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Marketing"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Marketing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Theatrical_release"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Theatrical release</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Box_office"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Box office</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Home_media"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Home media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Filmmakers"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Filmmakers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Critical_reception"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Critical reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Accolades"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Accolades</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Themes_and_symbolism"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Themes and symbolism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Historical_accuracy_and_significance"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Historical accuracy and significance</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Isabel_and_conspiracy_theories_related_to_Ysidra_Cojuangco"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Isabel and conspiracy theories related to Ysidra Cojuangco</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Controversies"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Controversies</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Early_pull-out"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early pull-out</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Lack_of_knowledge_about_Mabini's_paralysis"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lack of knowledge about Mabini's paralysis</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Portrayal_of_Aguinaldo"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Portrayal of Aguinaldo</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Unauthorized_releases"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Unauthorized releases</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Sequel"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Sequel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Lunan_at_panahon"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Lunan at panahon</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Plot">Plot</span></h2>
<p>Towards the end of the 19th century, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565â1898)">Spanish colonial rule over the Philippines</a> came to an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">end</a> and the country <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Philippine Declaration of Independence">gained its independence</a>. Unwilling to face humiliation, Spain secretly sells the archipelago to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="SpanishâAmerican War">victorious Americans</a> for $20,000,000 during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</a>.
</p><p>At the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barasoain_Church" title="Barasoain Church">Barasoain Church</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a>, during a cabinet meeting over the growing American presence in the Philippines, cabinet members <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Felipe_Buencamino" title="Felipe Buencamino">Felipe Buencamino</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_Paterno" title="Pedro Paterno">Pedro Paterno</a> propose to form an alliance with the Americans to avoid open conflict but this angers Generals <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alejandrino" title="José Alejandrino">José Alejandrino</a>, both of whom prefer to fight the new invaders. Meanwhile, President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> attempts to negotiate with the Americans over the control of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, which is still under Spanish control. They eventually learn that the Spaniards and Americans <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1898)" title="Battle of Manila (1898)">staged a battle</a> which ended with the complete control of Manila transferred to the latter, thereby bringing the Philippines under American control. After <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1899)" title="Battle of Manila (1899)"> an incident between American and Filipino soldiers in Manila</a>, Aguinaldo starts <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine-American_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine-American War">a brutal resistance</a> against the Americans to protect the country's independence.
</p><p>Luna and his trusted officersâColonel <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paco_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Paco Roman">Francisco âPacoâ RomĂĄn</a>, Captain Eduardo Rusca, and the Bernal brothers Captain JosĂ© and Major Manuelâbegin an arduous campaign against the Americans, only to face a number of setbacks. During a battle, Luna asks for reinforcements from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kawit" title="Kawit">Kawit</a> battalion but their commander Pedro Janolino refuses as the order did not come from Aguinaldo himself. Infuriated, Luna brutally humiliates and demotes Janolino. Luna then declares his infamous "Article One", which states that those refusing to follow his orders shall be executed on the spot, to put insubordinate soldiers and officers under his control while mobilizing more men <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionary_Army" title="Philippine Revolutionary Army">for the army</a>. In another meeting, Buencamino and Paterno propose to have the country become a protectorate under American rule in an attempt to secure peace, prompting Luna to arrest them as traitors. Luna's campaign is soon undermined by General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Mascardo" title="TomĂĄs Mascardo">TomĂĄs Mascardo</a>, who defies his orders. While the two generals prepare to clash in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>, the Americans advance steadily, forcing the Filipino army to retreat up north alongside Aguinaldo. Distraught over the growing disunity within the Filipino army, Luna attempts to resign. Aguinaldo rejects Luna's request but he approves his other request to establish a headquarters in the north where they can launch a guerilla campaign against the Americans.
</p><p>Not long after, Luna is summoned to the President's headquarters in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cabanatuan" title="Cabanatuan">Cabanatuan</a> after receiving news that he has been given a position in the President's new cabinet. Despite suspicions from his officers, Luna goes with Rusca and RomĂĄn beside him. Upon arrival, he discovers that Aguinaldo has left, with Buencamino, who has been released, the only cabinet member remaining. After a heated argument with Buencamino, Luna encounters Janolino and his men who brutally murder him. RomĂĄn is also killed in his failed attempt to save his commander while a wounded Rusca surrenders. In the aftermath, most of Luna's officers are arrested while some are tortured and killed, including the Bernal brothers. Meanwhile, Aguinaldo requests Luna and RomĂĄn be buried with full military honors while the killers are never arrested and tried for their crimes. Several decades after the war, Aguinaldo denies his involvement in Luna's assassination, calling him his most brilliant and capable general.
</p><p>In a mid-credits scene, General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a> prepares to cover Aguinaldo's retreat to the north. He inspects Luna's remaining men and orders his aide, Colonel Vicente EnrĂquez, to select 60 of them for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goyo:_Ang_Batang_Heneral" class="mw-redirect" title="Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral">coming battle</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cast">Cast</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_characters">Historical characters</span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Arcilla" title="John Arcilla">John Arcilla</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Gen. Antonio Luna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mon_Confiado" title="Mon Confiado">Mon Confiado</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">President Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li></ul>
<h4><span id="Members_of_Aguinaldo.27s_Presidential_Cabinet"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Members_of_Aguinaldo's_Presidential_Cabinet">Members of Aguinaldo's Presidential Cabinet</span></h4>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1147244281">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Epy_Quizon" title="Epy Quizon">Epy Quizon</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alvin_Anson" title="Alvin Anson">Alvin Anson</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alejandrino" title="José Alejandrino">Gen. José Alejandrino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nonie_Buencamino" title="Nonie Buencamino">Nonie Buencamino</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Felipe_Buencamino" title="Felipe Buencamino">Felipe Buencamino Sr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leo_Martinez" title="Leo Martinez">Leo Martinez</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_Paterno" title="Pedro Paterno">Pedro Paterno</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h4><span id="Antonio_Luna.27s_general_staff"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Antonio_Luna's_general_staff">Antonio Luna's general staff</span></h4>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joem_Bascon" title="Joem Bascon">Joem Bascon</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paco_Rom%C3%A1n" title="Paco RomĂĄn">Col. Francisco "Paco" RomĂĄn</a></li>
<li>Art Acuña as Maj. Manuel Bernal</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Medina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alex Medina">Alex Medina</a> as Capt. José Bernal</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archie_Alemania" title="Archie Alemania">Archie Alemania</a> as Capt. Eduardo Rusca</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronnie_Lazaro" title="Ronnie Lazaro">Ronnie Lazaro</a> as Lt. GarcĂa</li></ul>
<h4><span id="Members_of_the_.22Cavite_Faction.22_of_the_Philippine_Republican_Army"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Members_of_the_"Cavite_Faction"_of_the_Philippine_Republican_Army">Members of the "Cavite Faction" of the Philippine Republican Army</span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1147244281"><div class="div-col">
<ul><li>Lorenz Martinez as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Mascardo" title="TomĂĄs Mascardo">Gen. TomĂĄs Mascardo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ketchup_Eusebio" title="Ketchup Eusebio">Ketchup Eusebio</a> as Capt. Pedro Janolino</li>
<li>Anthony Falcon as Sgt. DĂaz, messenger of General Mascardo<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></li></ul>
</div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_Philippine_Republican_Army_personnel">Other Philippine Republican Army personnel</span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1147244281"><div class="div-col">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paulo_Avelino" title="Paulo Avelino">Paulo Avelino</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gen. Gregorio "Goyong" del Pilar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Alves" title="Benjamin Alves">Benjamin Alves</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Lt. Manuel Quezon</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_Army_personnel">United States Army personnel</span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1147244281"><div class="div-col">
<ul><li>Miguel Faustmann as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_MacArthur,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur MacArthur, Jr.">Gen. Arthur MacArthur Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-faustmann1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faustmann1-13">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li>Greg Dorris as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elwell_Stephen_Otis" title="Elwell Stephen Otis">Maj. Gen. Elwell Otis</a></li>
<li>E.A. Rocha as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wesley_Merritt" title="Wesley Merritt">Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt</a></li>
<li>David Bianco as Maj. Peter Lorry Smith</li>
<li>Rob Rownd as Col. Boyd</li></ul>
</div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_supporting_characters">Other supporting characters</span></h4>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1147244281"><div class="div-col">
<ul><li>Bing Pimentel as Laureana Luna, mother of Antonio Luna</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allan_Paule" title="Allan Paule">Allan Paule</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a>, brother of Antonio Luna</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marc_Abaya" title="Marc Abaya">Marc Abaya</a> as young Antonio Luna</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Perla_Bautista" title="Perla Bautista">Perla Bautista</a> as Trinidad Aguinaldo, mother of Emilio Aguinaldo</li>
<li>Dido de la Paz as Don JoaquĂn Luna de San Pedro, father of Antonio Luna</li>
<li>Junjun Quintana as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nico_Antonio" title="Nico Antonio">Nico Antonio</a> as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a></li>
<li>Jake Feraren as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Procopio_Bonifacio" title="Procopio Bonifacio">Procopio Bonifacio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlo_Aquino" title="Carlo Aquino">Carlo Aquino</a> as Col. Vicente EnrĂquez</li></ul>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fictional_or_composite_characters">Fictional or composite characters</span></h3>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arron_Villaflor" title="Arron Villaflor">Arron Villaflor</a> as Joven HernĂĄndo, the film's POV character, a fictional journalist interviewing Luna.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mylene_Dizon" title="Mylene Dizon">Mylene Dizon</a> as Isabel, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Composite_character" title="Composite character">composite character</a> of several of the historical Luna's love interests.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Production">Production</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Screenplay">Screenplay</span></h3>
<p>The first draft of <i>Heneral Luna</i> was written in 1998 by E.A. Rocha and Henry Hunt Francia, who chose to write about Antonio Luna after being hired by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cirio_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirio Santiago">Cirio Santiago</a> to write a television script for a television series in celebration of the centennial of Philippine independence. When the series failed to push through, Rocha and Francia were asked to rewrite the script as a feature-length film. The film did not go into production, however, and was shelved for seventeen years.<sup id="cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer-16">[16]</a></sup> Francia died before the film's release.<sup id="cite_ref-release_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release-17">[17]</a></sup> Eventually, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leo_Martinez" title="Leo Martinez">Leo Martinez</a> convinced Rocha to submit the script to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Film_Development_Council_of_the_Philippines" title="Film Development Council of the Philippines">Film Development Council of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSscreenplay_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSscreenplay-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>Jerrold Tarog, who had separately developed an interest in making a film about Antonio Luna after reading literature about him, learned about the Rocha and Francia script, and asked if he could use it for his planned film. Tarog got permission to re-write the script, which was originally written entirely in English,<sup id="cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero-19">[19]</a></sup> and then asked fellow director <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alvin_Yapan" title="Alvin Yapan">Alvin Yapan</a> to help translate it into formal Tagalog.<sup id="cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer-16">[16]</a></sup> Tarog then tweaked the script further, simplifying it, and adapting it further for the appreciation of modern audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-INTERVIEWhontiveros2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INTERVIEWhontiveros2-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>Notably, one of Tarog's later changes was to separate the Mascardo and Janolino characters, which at one point had been merged into a composite character, "Mascolino", who would have taken on characteristics of both historical characters. Tarog indicated that separating the characters would help flesh the film out further, and give it more highlights.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSscreenplay_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSscreenplay-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p><p>The characters of Paco RomĂĄn and Eduardo Rusca, who were portrayed in a character triptych with Luna in the film, were written to be polar opposites. RomĂĄn would be a more controlled, logical character who would help bring out a more controlled side of Luna, while Rusca would be a more passionate character who could provide moments of levity throughout the film.<sup id="cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTStarogroles-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>In an interview on Filipino music website Radio Republic, Tarog, who has a degree in music composition from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UP_College_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="UP College of Music">College of Music</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> indicated that he approached <i>Heneral Luna</i>, as with all his other films, from a musical perspective. He revealed that he sometimes even did so literally - using a musical staff to lay out scenes, plotting out highs and lows, with notes corresponding scenes, and the pitch of the note corresponding to the mood.<sup id="cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>Among Tarog's references during the rewriting of the script were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Artist_of_the_Philippines" title="National Artist of the Philippines">Philippine National Artist</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nick_Joaquin" title="Nick Joaquin">Nick Joaquin</a>'s <i>A Question of Heroes</i>, which he used as a guide to the film's tone and in humanizing the character of the titular protagonist; and Vivencio José's <i>The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna</i>, which Tarog used as the primary source on Antonio Luna's life.<sup id="cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre-production">Pre-production</span></h3>
<p>Before meeting with Rocha regarding revising the script for the film, Tarog approached mainstream producers to do the film; he was however met with skepticism and doubts over the film's marketability, as they assumed that such a historical film "will be boring" or would not appeal to a mainstream audience. Tarog expressed difficulty into convincing them otherwise, lamenting that the local film industry has been institutionalized into producing films <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Low_culture" title="Low culture">solely for entertainment</a>, without taking into account those that "contribute to the minds of the people".<sup id="cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSproducers-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p><p>The film was bankrolled by businessman Fernando Ortigas' film production outfit Artikulo Uno Productions, which takes its name from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="PhilippineâAmerican War">PhilippineâAmerican War</a> military directive, prominently referenced in the film. Ortigas himself makes a brief cameo in the film.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSproducers-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> Ortigas and Rocha served as co-producers of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSproducers-23">[23]</a></sup> Ortigas remarked that if he would have received the script for the film a week earlier than he did, he would have just junked the script because he was not in a good state of mind to work with films at that time. He comments that the script arrived "at the right time" and said he enjoyed it.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>The film went through a long pre-production phase, which allowed the film's various departments to cope with the challenges of filming a period film in contemporary settings.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSproducers-23">[23]</a></sup> With roughly 90% of the film needing to be shot on location, the film required extensive location shoots in the few areas in the Philippines which still matched the architecture and environment of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-BTScinematography_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTScinematography-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Casting">Casting</span></h3>
<p>Speaking at a press conference for 2015 Quezon City International Film Festival, at the beginning of the film's fourth week, Producer and co-writer E.A. Rocha noted that no expense was to be spared in getting "only actors suited for the role" instead of big-name stars. Tarog said his experiences on watching John Arcilla's performance in Raymond Red's short film <i>Anino</i> and later in the feature film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_Manila_(film)" title="Metro Manila (film)">Metro Manila</a></i> later influenced him to cast Arcilla as General Luna.<sup id="cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTStarogroles-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Filming">Filming</span></h3>
<p>To keep costs down and cope with the requirements of shooting a historical film in modern settings, the film hewed close to its very tightly planned shotlist.<sup id="cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTStarogroles-21">[21]</a></sup> Tarog revealed that he designed his shots to reflect the two sides of Luna's personality - mostly straightforward shots to reflect his bluntness, and longer steadicam shots in moments that revealed his poetic side.<sup id="cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTStarogroles-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Cinematographer</a> Pong Ignacio drew inspiration from paintings from the film's period, including Antonio Luna's brother, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan</a>, and referenced numerous films portraying trench warfare, citing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>'s 1957 film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paths_of_Glory" title="Paths of Glory">Paths of Glory</a></i> as a particular inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-BTScinematography_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTScinematography-26">[26]</a></sup> Ignacio recounts that the flashback scene to Luna's childhood, which was a single long <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steadicam_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Steadicam shot">steadicam shot</a> involving an elaborate set, was the most challenging shot of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-BTScinematography_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTScinematography-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Makeup_and_prosthetics">Makeup and prosthetics</span></h3>
<p>Makeup and prosthetics for the film referred extensively to actual pictures of the historical characters. Arcilla had to grow out his moustache for the film, while Confiado lost significant weight for the role. Confiado also had to spend a long time looking for a barber who could render Aguinaldo's iconic haircut well. Carmen Reyes, who oversaw the makeup and prosthetics for the film, revealed that the makeup for Bing Pimintel, who portrays Luna's mother in two time periods, was particularly challenging. She also added that the choice to portray General Mascardo with only a partially formed moustache was symbolic, reflecting his frustration about being overshadowed by Luna.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSmakeupHM_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSmakeupHM-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Visual_effects">Visual effects</span></h3>
<p>Visual effects company BlackBurst Inc was tasked to take on the film's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual effects</a>, often in an effort to make a scene shot in a modern location fit seamlessly into the period storytelling of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSmakeupVE_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSmakeupVE-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>In many cases, BlackBurst removed modern elements such as electric wires from houses and other backgrounds shot on location, or changed details, such as roof shingles on buildings, to match the period. In other cases BlackBurst added digital set extensions, notably the ships in the scene of the Americans arriving in Manila, early in the film. All of the ships were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_generated_imagery" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer generated imagery">added digitally</a> using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Autodesk_Maya" title="Autodesk Maya">Autodesk Maya</a>, and crafting that particular effect took the entire production timetable.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSmakeupVE_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSmakeupVE-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>Background CEO Jauhn Dablo, who also served as the film's visual effects director, revealed that Tarog was very meticulous about the effects, paying attention even to the angle, power, and timing of individual gun shots.<sup id="cite_ref-BTSmakeupVE_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTSmakeupVE-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Music">Music</span></h3>
<p>Aside from taking on duties as the film's director, co-writer, and editor, Tarog also composed the score of the film,<sup id="cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer-16">[16]</a></sup> drawing inspiration from numerous Russian classical composers, beginning with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> mentor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTStarogroles-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>Acclaimed singer-songwriter <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebe_Dancel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebe Dancel">Ebe Dancel</a>, Tarog's fellow alumnus from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UP_Rural_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="UP Rural High School">UP Rural High School</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Ba%C3%B1os,_Laguna" title="Los Baños, Laguna">Los Baños</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a>, was commissioned to write and perform the movie's theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" (Until there's no Tomorrow) which was published in October 2015 under <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Star_Music" title="Star Music">Star Music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Release">Release</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre-release_screenings">Pre-release screenings</span></h3>
<p>Pre-release screenings of the film were held at selected venues in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>; August 30, 2015, in Anthology Film Archives Cinema in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and AMC Rio Cinema in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>; August 31, 2015, in Marina Theater in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and Krikorian Monrovia Cinema in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. The film was also screened at the Philippine Consulate General in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> on August 30.<sup id="cite_ref-release_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Marketing">Marketing</span></h3>
<p>The film was released with the tagline "<i>Bayan o Sarili</i>" (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, "<i>Nation or Self?</i>"), a tagline later used by fans on social media to criticize theaters who had pulled the film out in favor of mainstream films.<sup id="cite_ref-release_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>Much of the public interest in the film came from word of mouth and social media.<sup id="cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>By September 19, the film's official trailer posted on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> has garnered over 1 million views and counting.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Theatrical_release">Theatrical release</span></h3>
<p>The film's general release in the Philippines nationwide began on September 9, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-release_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>After initially opening in about 100 theaters, <i>Heneral Luna</i> was pulled out in many theaters entering its second week, mostly to make way for the Hollywood and mainstream films that were scheduled to open. Down to around 40 cinemas, fans of the film rallied on social media and appealed to theater owners - especially the SM, Ayala and Robinsons cinema chains - to provide more venues for the film.<sup id="cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>On the opening of its second week, the film was shown to 79 theaters in the Philippines and then was increased to 94 by the weekends due to the increase of popularity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Word of mouth, critical acclaim, and social media coverage boosted the film's popularity, resulting in sold-out theaters nationwide - prompting cinema owners to show it again in their theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Box_office">Box office</span></h3>
<p>Since its theatrical release on September 9, 2015, <i>Heneral Luna</i> has made <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±180</span> in million gross sales at the box office - only <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±20 million</span> short of the <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±200 million</span> it needs to be able to break even at the box office, after cinemas' cut in ticket sales have been considered. On September 29, 2015, it passed the <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±160 million</span> mark to become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-160Mkickerdaily_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160Mkickerdaily-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>As an independent film, <i>Heneral Luna</i> had a limited marketing budget, resulting in relatively low sales in its first week - <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±15 million</span> from September 9 to 15, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-160Mabscbn_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160Mabscbn-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>Due to positive word of mouth, ticket sales surged on <i>Heneral Luna'</i>s second release week, earning <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±44 million</span> from September 16 to 22.<sup id="cite_ref-160Mabscbn_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160Mabscbn-8">[8]</a></sup> despite the reduction in the number of theaters showing the film early in that week.<sup id="cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32">[32]</a></sup> The distributor of the film, Joji Alonso, noted that âthe 1st day gross of the second week is way higher than the 1st day gross of the 1st week. And to think the number of theaters was reduced by more than half!â<sup id="cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>On the third week, when even mainstream films normally see a drop in box office sales, <i>Heneral Luna'</i>s numbers surged even higher, earning <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±104,010,219.00</span> from September 23 to 29.<sup id="cite_ref-3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>By the beginning of its fourth week, the film was averaging gross box office sales of about <span style="white-space: nowrap">â±8.5 million</span> a day.<sup id="cite_ref-3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>Worldwide, the film made $4,625,639, including $206,040 in the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Home_media">Home media</span></h3>
<p>A nationwide DVD release of <i>Heneral Luna</i> was done by distributor Magnavision, Inc. on December 18, 2015. Over 7,000 DVD copies of the film were sold in less than a month since its release making it the best-selling DVD of any Filipino historical film in the Philippines. Among the bonus features of the DVD are English subtitle, a music video for the film's official theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebe_Dancel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebe Dancel">Ebe Dancel</a>, a making of - documentary, and a short film entitled <i>Illustrado Problems</i> directed by JP Habac, which featured the illustrado characters from <i>Heneral Luna</i> in a comedic light.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> On June 11, 2016, the film was broadcast for the first time on television through the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN</a> network.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> Artikulo Uno Productions and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ABS-CBN_Corporation" title="ABS-CBN Corporation">ABS-CBN Corporation</a> earlier announced a partnership to distribute <i>Heneral Luna</i> on all platforms of ABS-CBN including free-to-air, cable, global, video on demand, and pay per view.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>The film is available for streaming on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> since August 28, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Filmmakers">Filmmakers</span></h3>
<p>A forum dubbed as âThe Heneral Luna Revolution: Game Changer in Film Distributionâ was held at Cinema 1 of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trinoma" title="Trinoma">Trinoma</a> on October 27, 2015. The forum co-presented by QCinema and InterAksyon.com mainly tackled about the box office success of <i>Heneral Luna</i> and how could other indie films replicate this feat. The forum was moderated by InterAksyon.com editor-in-chief Roby Alampay and led by panel members director Jerrold Tarog and associate producers Vincent Nebrida and Ria Limjap.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg/220px-Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg/330px-Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg/440px-Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="481" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ambeth_R._Ocampo.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ambeth Ocampo, historian and former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Commission_for_Culture_and_the_Arts" title="National Commission for Culture and the Arts">National Commission for Culture and the Arts</a> chairperson, was among the people who made a critical review on the film</div></div></div>
<p><i>Heneral Luna</i> received mostly positive reviews from film critics in the Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-REVIEWkrip_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REVIEWkrip-40">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> and historians alike.<sup id="cite_ref-TEMPERocampo_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEMPERocampo-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LUNAMABINInery_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUNAMABINInery-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>Historian and former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_Commission_for_Culture_and_the_Arts" title="National Commission for Culture and the Arts">National Commission for Culture and the Arts</a> chair <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambeth_Ocampo" title="Ambeth Ocampo">Ambeth Ocampo</a> strongly recommended the film,<sup id="cite_ref-TEMPERocampo_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEMPERocampo-45">[45]</a></sup> calling it "an engaging narrative, supported by wonderful cinematography and grounded on sound historical research." He added that "When I previewed the film, I commented that it should not open with a disclaimer simply because it is a cinematic retelling of what many consider textbook history and is not a doctoral dissertation."<sup id="cite_ref-TEMPERocampo_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEMPERocampo-45">[45]</a></sup>
</p><p>Comparisons have been drawn between Arcilla's portrayal of Luna in the film, and that of the character he played in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Sayles" title="John Sayles">John Sayles</a>' 2010 film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amigo_(film)" title="Amigo (film)">Amigo</a></i>, which was also set during the Filipino-American War, albeit on a much smaller scale - depicting the war as it was experienced in a single barrio.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i> Arts and Books editor Lito B. Zulueta suggests that "By focusing on arguably the most ruggedâand therefore the most dynamicâfigure of the Philippine war against the American invaders, Jerrold Tarogâs 'Heneral Luna' revives the historical action movie and in effect, revitalizes two dormant genresâthe action film and more important, the historical film."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> Michael Kho Lim from the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daily_Tribune_(Philippines)" title="Daily Tribune (Philippines)">Daily Tribune</a></i> also gave a positive review, saying âTimely as it is significant. John Arcilla breathes life to Luna. Complex. Poetic. Gripping.â<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a> critic Oggs Cruz calls the film âprecise in its storytelling and in its depiction of the major players of the revolution," furthering that "John Arcilla is excellent. Tarog makes his character human⊠and creates an essay of everything that is wrong with our nationhood. Tarogâs <i>Heneral Luna</i> is fascinating, beautiful to gaze at, and genuinely affecting.â <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ClickTheCity" class="mw-redirect" title="ClickTheCity">ClickTheCity</a> critic Philbert Ortiz Dy gave the film 5 out of 5 stars, saying "Beyond its obvious technical achievement, <i>Heneral Luna</i> is worth seeing for its audacious approach to tackling our countryâs tragic history. All at once bold, artful, darkly funny, informed and deeply entertaining, it makes the revolution come alive in surprising, delightful ways. This film triumphs in capturing the spirit of its subject, the whole enterprise fueled with a heady mix of rage, irreverence and a genuine love of country. It is everything that an Antonio Luna biopic should be.â
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> gives the film a score of 75% based on 8 reviews, with an average rating of 5.25/10.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> At <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> <i>Heneral Luna</i> received a Grade A from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cinema_Evaluation_Board_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines">Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Accolades">Accolades</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:95%;">
<tbody><tr style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;">
<th colspan="5" style="background:#B0C4DE;">List of accolades
</th></tr>
<tr style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;">
<th scope="col" style="width:30%;">Award / Film Festival
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width:30%;">Category
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width:30%;">Recipient(s)
</th>
<th scope="col" style="width:10%;">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="12"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luna_Award" title="Luna Award">Luna Awards</a> 2016<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Picture
</td>
<td><i>Heneral Luna</i>
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Director
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarrog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Screenplay
</td>
<td>Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha and Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Actor
</td>
<td>John Arcilla
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Supporting Actor
</td>
<td>Nonie Buencamino
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Supporting Actress
</td>
<td>Mylene Dizon
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Cinematography
</td>
<td>Pong Ignacio
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Production Design
</td>
<td>Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Editing
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Musical Scoring
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Sound
</td>
<td>Mikko Quizon
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/39th_Gawad_Urian_Awards" title="39th Gawad Urian Awards">39th Gawad Urian Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup>
</td>
<td>Best Picture
</td>
<td><i>Heneral Luna</i>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Director
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Editing
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Screenplay
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog, Henry Francia & E.A Rocha
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Cinematography
</td>
<td>Pong Ignacio
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Editing
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Music
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Sound
</td>
<td>Mikko Quizon
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">2016 Platinum Stallion Media Awards<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup>
</td>
<td>Best Student-Oriented Film
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Film Actor
</td>
<td>John Arcilla
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">14th Gawad Tanglaw Awards<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup></td>
<td>Student's Choice Award for Best Film</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Cinematography</td>
<td>Pong Ignacio</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Gantimpalang Dr. Jaime G. Ang<br />Presidential Jury Award for Film</td>
<td>John Arcilla</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/10th_Asian_Film_Awards" title="10th Asian Film Awards">10th Asian Film Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup>
</td>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asian_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Asian Film Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a>
</td>
<td>John Arcilla
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Costume Design
</td>
<td>Carlo Tabije
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Production Design
</td>
<td>Benjamin Padero, Carlo Tabije
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="13"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/32nd_PMPC_Star_Awards_for_Movies" title="32nd PMPC Star Awards for Movies">32nd PMPC Star Awards for Movies</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup>
</td>
<td>Movie of the Year
</td>
<td><i>Heneral Luna</i>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Director of the Year
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Actor of the Year
</td>
<td>John Arcilla
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Movie Supporting Actor of the Year
</td>
<td>Noni Buencamino
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Mon Confiado
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Supporting Actress of the Year
</td>
<td>Mylene Dizon
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Screenwriter of the Year
</td>
<td>Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha, and Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Cinematographer of the Year
</td>
<td>Pong Ignacio
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Production Designer of the Year
</td>
<td>Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Editor of the Year
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Musical Scorer of the Year
</td>
<td>Jerrold Tarog
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Sound Engineer of the Year
</td>
<td>Mikko Quizon and Hit Productions
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Movie Original Theme Song of the Year
</td>
<td>Hanggang Wala Nang Wakas, composed, arranged, and interpreted by Ebe Dancel
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/2016_Box_Office_Entertainment_Awards" title="2016 Box Office Entertainment Awards">2016 Box Office Entertainment Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup>
</td>
<td>Highest Grossing Historical Film of All Time
</td>
<td><i>Heneral Luna</i>
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Themes_and_symbolism">Themes and symbolism</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021810730">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0 0.6em 1.6em;text-align:right;font-size:80%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid #eaecf0 1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:#fff!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-right"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"><div style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><div style="margin:56px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Juan_Luna_Spoliarium.jpg" class="image" title="The Spoliarium"><img alt="The Spoliarium" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Juan_Luna_Spoliarium.jpg/180px-Juan_Luna_Spoliarium.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="98" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Juan_Luna_Spoliarium.jpg/270px-Juan_Luna_Spoliarium.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Juan_Luna_Spoliarium.jpg/360px-Juan_Luna_Spoliarium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="308" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spoliarium" title="Spoliarium">Spoliarium</a></i>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"><div style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><div style="margin:49.5px auto;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:DCT-Spoliarium.jpg" class="image" title="The scene which was made to resemble the painting on the left."><img alt="The scene which was made to resemble the painting on the left." src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/DCT-Spoliarium.jpg/180px-DCT-Spoliarium.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="111" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/DCT-Spoliarium.jpg/270px-DCT-Spoliarium.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/DCT-Spoliarium.jpg/360px-DCT-Spoliarium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="248" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The scene which was made to resemble the painting on the left.
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul></div></div></div>
<p>A number of visual motifs throughout film have symbolic significance, particularly for audiences familiar with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898â1946)">History of the period</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Filipino culture</a>.
</p><p>A Philippine revolutionary flag is displayed prominently in the film's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Framing_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Framing device">bookend scenes</a>, becoming dirtier and more ragged when the film reverts to its framing device as the events of the film unfold.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> The burning flag during the end credits is a poignant experience for Filipino audiences, as flag-burning is not legal under the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-REVIEWkrip_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REVIEWkrip-40">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup>
</p><p>In a scene towards the end of the film, the bodies of Luna and RomĂĄn are dragged across the courtyard in a manner highly reminiscent of the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spoliarium" title="Spoliarium">Spoliarium</a></i>, a painting which has served as artistic icon of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Filipino_nationalism" title="Filipino nationalism">Filipino nationalism</a>, painted in 1884 by Luna's own brother, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STUARTSANTIAGO_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STUARTSANTIAGO-65">[65]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_accuracy_and_significance">Historical accuracy and significance</span></h2>
<p>With much of the film based on the works of Vivencio R. Jose, the film not only stayed true to the broad historical narrative, but to lesser known elements of Luna's personality, such as his penchant for musical instruments, his close relationship to his mother, his love of women, and his passion for the Philippine countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-BTShistory_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTShistory-66">[66]</a></sup>
</p><p>Tarog described the film as an "attempt to identify the ills" of Philippine society, emphasizing that the Filipinos' biggest enemy has been their own selves and not necessarily colonialization, and has been in "a cycle of betrayal".<sup id="cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>In one of the press conferences for the film's release, Tarog noted that the film took minor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artistic_license" title="Artistic license">creative liberties</a> such as Antonio Luna's frequent usage of the Filipino <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Profanity" title="Profanity">profanity</a> such as the word <i>putang ina</i> (roughly translated as "son of a bitch") in the film in an effort to connect the film to the Filipino <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">millennial</a> generation which was the film's target audience.<sup id="cite_ref-release_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release-17">[17]</a></sup> There were also inaccuracies in the film's battle scenes. In its depiction of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_of_Santo_Tomas" title="Battle of Santo Tomas">Battle of Santo Tomas</a>, the Filipinos are shown to be victorious against the Americans when in fact it was the Americans who won and they only suffered two casualties. Also, the man who saved Luna after his brave charge on horseback wasn't Colonel Roman as depicted in film, but was actually Alejandro Avecilla.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup>
</p><p>Historian and columnist John Nery notes that an important part of Luna's personal history, his non-support of the first phase of the Philippine revolution - is not mentioned in the film, although he also notes that the event takes place outside the movie's timeframe, and the film does not contradict it. Nery notes that, "Lunaâs atonement is not part of the movieâs backstory (although on viewing the movie a second time I imagined it would easily fit the movieâs main narrative). Does this lessen director Jerrold Tarogâs work, or lead actor John Arcillaâs art? I do not think so, because the movie approaches the Luna story on its own terms."<sup id="cite_ref-ALEJANDRINOnery_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALEJANDRINOnery-69">[69]</a></sup>
</p><p>One of the creative liberties taken by the film with the historical timeline is that it portrays <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a> as still holding a position of leadership at Luna's funeral, in June 1899; historically, however, Mabini had been pressured by his political adversaries into resigning from government a month earlier, in May 1899, replaced in his post as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Prime Minister</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pedro_Paterno" title="Pedro Paterno">Pedro Paterno</a>. The film portrays the relationship between Mabini and Pedro Paterno as amicable.<sup id="cite_ref-keat804_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keat804-70">[70]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Isabel_and_conspiracy_theories_related_to_Ysidra_Cojuangco">Isabel and conspiracy theories related to Ysidra Cojuangco</span></h3>
<p>In an interview with CNN Philippines' <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pia_Hontiveros" title="Pia Hontiveros">Pia Hontiveros</a>, Tarog revealed that the name of the character Isabel, played by Mylene Dizon, is "a wink" to conspiracy theorists who believe there was a relationship between Luna and Ysidra Cojuangco. According to the theory, made popular early in the term of President Benigno Aquino III, who is a descendant of Cojuangco, money squirreled away by Luna from the revolution was actually the source of the Cojuangco family fortune. However, Tarog also revealed that he found no evidence of any such relationship between Ysidra and Luna, and that the name was thus nothing more than a humorous reference. Instead, Tarog revealed that Dizon's character was a composite of several of Luna's lovers and Nicolasa Dayrit, the woman who tried to intervene between Mascardo and Luna during their argument.<sup id="cite_ref-INTERVIEWhontiveros_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INTERVIEWhontiveros-71">[71]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversies">Controversies</span></h2>
<p>Given the socio-political nature of the film's themes, and the production's success relative to the majority of the Philippines' indie films and historical films, numerous aspects of the public reception to the film have been covered in media.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_pull-out">Early pull-out</span></h3>
<p>One of the more unusual aspects of the public response to <i>Heneral Luna</i> was the successful campaign to put the film back in theaters. At first, more than half of the theaters that premiered the movie on September 9 had pulled it out after less than 5 days, which is typical practice for commercial movie theaters showing independent Filipino films. By September 16, only 40 of the 101 theaters that premiered it were still showing it. This resulted in a clamor among netizens and artists to bring the film back.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> This helped create word of mouth publicity for the film after its first week, resulting in packed cinemas on the film's first weekend. As a result, cinemas decided to screen the film again, with second and third week box office results significantly higher than the first. By the end of the film's first weekend, Heneral Luna was showing in 120 cinemas - higher than the number of cinemas that originally screened it.<sup id="cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Lack_of_knowledge_about_Mabini.27s_paralysis"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Lack_of_knowledge_about_Mabini's_paralysis">Lack of knowledge about Mabini's paralysis</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:A_mabini.jpg" class="image"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/A_mabini.jpg/220px-A_mabini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="thumbimage" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/A_mabini.jpg/330px-A_mabini.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/A_mabini.jpg/440px-A_mabini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:A_mabini.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a></div></div></div>
<p>The film's popularity has also led to some criticism of the Philippine educational system, due to reports of numerous incidents - including one during a Q&A with actor Epy Quizon, who portrayed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a> in the film - in which school-age youths asked why Mabini never stood up throughout the film, implying a lack of familiarity with the famously paralytic statesman.<sup id="cite_ref-MABINISITTINGinquirer_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MABINISITTINGinquirer-73">[73]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> noted this as well. In the 2015 <i>Gawad</i> Apolinario Mabini awarding ceremonies on September 29, 2015, he noted the issue was "a reflection of how little some of the youth know about history," considering Mabini's intelligence played a role in building the Philippines' democratic institution. He later hinted about tasking <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Education (Philippines)">Education Secretary</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Armin_Luistro" title="Armin Luistro">Armin Luistro</a> to resolve the impasse.<sup id="cite_ref-SEATEDAQUINOinq_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEATEDAQUINOinq-74">[74]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Portrayal_of_Aguinaldo">Portrayal of Aguinaldo</span></h3>
<p>A number of historians have noted that the Film's portrayal of Emilio Aguinaldo is more negative than it thought to be by the viewers due to the plot.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup> Reacting to the film, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Secretary_of_Transportation_and_Communications_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)">Transport secretary</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Emilio_Abaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Emilio Abaya">Joseph Emilio Abaya</a>, who is one of Aguinaldo's descendants, said that he maintains his belief that his great-grandfather did not assassinate Luna.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kawit" title="Kawit">Kawit</a>, Cavite Mayor Angelo Emilio Aguinaldo said during the sidelines of the municipality's tourism campaign launch. He is not happy about as historical movies made over the past few years, the filmmakers were debasing General Emilio Aguinaldo. He also revealed that neither he nor the members of his family were informed of the film, nor did they have their permission.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, the director has indicated that one of the hopes of the planned trilogy is to present a more rounded portrayal of Aguinaldo.<sup id="cite_ref-mostimportant_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mostimportant-78">[78]</a></sup> Actor Mon Confiado was given specific instructions never to portray Aguinaldo as a villain - while the audience might see him as a villain because of the plot, the portrayal itself would hinge on character motivations, such as the need for self-preservation, and never simple villainy.<sup id="cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTStarogroles-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Unauthorized_releases">Unauthorized releases</span></h3>
<p>Upon learning that <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">bootleg</a> copies of the film were already circulating, the cast and crew of the film campaigned on social media to discourage potential viewers from buying or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warez" title="Warez">downloading</a> unlicensed copies of the film, and were soon joined by fans posting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Image_macro" title="Image macro">image macros</a> and other such <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">memes</a> encouraging viewers to support the film instead of unauthorized copies.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2015)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Optical_Media_Board" title="Optical Media Board">Optical Media Board</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a> made raids against the distribution of illegal DVD copies of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-radyoinquirer_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radyoinquirer-80">[80]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sequel">Sequel</span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goyo:_Ang_Batang_Heneral" class="mw-redirect" title="Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral">Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral</a></div>
<p>Noting the breakout success of <i>Heneral Luna</i>, director Jerrold Tarog said there are plans to make it the first of a trilogy if it generated enough revenues. The other two films would individually focus on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>. Tarog likened the mid-credits scene of <i>Heneral Luna</i> to mid- or end-credit scenes of films in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a> that show potential plot points in an upcoming film.<sup id="cite_ref-mostimportant_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mostimportant-78">[78]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup> Tarog has also expressed interest in making a film featuring female revolutionary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teresa_Magbanua" title="Teresa Magbanua">Teresa Magbanua</a>, who led troops in the Visayas region during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup>
</p><p>At an interview on Radio Republic, Tarog indicated that his next project as a director would either be an adaptation of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arnold_Arre" title="Arnold Arre">Arnold Arre</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Mythology_Class" title="The Mythology Class">The Mythology Class</a></i>, or the sequel to <i>Heneral Luna</i>, whose title he revealed to be <i>Goryo</i> (which would eventually be changed later to <i>Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral</i><sup id="cite_ref-Angelitonews_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelitonews-83">[83]</a></sup>), confirming that it would focus on Gregorio del Pilar.<sup id="cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> At a special thanksgiving party on October 29, 2015 - Antonio Luna's 149th birth anniversary - co-producer EA Rocha confirmed that the del Pilar biopic is "in development" with a projected release scheduled in a few years time.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup>
</p><p>On February 6, 2017, Tarog announced through his Twitter account that a short film bridging the events of <i>Heneral Luna</i> to that of <i>Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral</i> would be released on February 15 alongside the film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I%27m_Drunk,_I_Love_You" title="I'm Drunk, I Love You">I'm Drunk, I Love You</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup> The 20-minute short film, titled <i>Angelito,</i> focused on the fate of the Bernal brothers after Luna's assassination with Art Acuña, Alex Medina, Arron Villaflor and Carlo Aquino reprising their roles in <i>Heneral Luna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Angelitonews_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelitonews-83">[83]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</span></h2>
<p>Due to the film's success, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC Philippines</a> released commercials featuring Arcilla reprising his role as the film's titular character in late 2017 for their Christmas promos. The first commercial features Luna planning to demote himself to colonel to promote the fast food chain's Christmas offers. The second commercial, while also promoting the same products and offers, featured Luna with three Filipino KFC colonels played by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronaldo_Valdez" title="Ronaldo Valdez">Ronaldo Valdez</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leo_Martinez" title="Leo Martinez">Leo Martinez</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pen_Medina" title="Pen Medina">Pen Medina</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Lunan_at_panahon">Lunan at panahon</span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1147244281"><div class="div-col">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="PhilippineâAmerican War">PhilippineâAmerican War</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerrold_Tarog" title="Jerrold Tarog">Jerrold Tarog</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sakay_(film)" title="Sakay (film)"><i>Sakay</i> (film)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amigo_(film)" title="Amigo (film)"><i>Amigo</i> (film)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/El_Presidente_(film)" title="El Presidente (film)"><i>El Presidente</i> (film)</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonifacio:_Ang_Unang_Pangulo" title="Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo">Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Trial_of_Andres_Bonifacio_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Trial of Andres Bonifacio (film)"><i>The Trial of Andres Bonifacio</i> (film)</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep.ph/news/62252/john-lloyd-bea-vice-coco-vic-ai-ai-lead-winners-at-the-box-office-entertainment-awards">"John Lloyd, Bea, Vice, Coco, Vic, Ai-Ai lead winners at the Box Office Entertainment Awards"</a> (in Filipino). Philippine Entertainment Portal. February 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Lloyd%2C+Bea%2C+Vice%2C+Coco%2C+Vic%2C+Ai-Ai+lead+winners+at+the+Box+Office+Entertainment+Awards&rft.pub=Philippine+Entertainment+Portal&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2F62252%2Fjohn-lloyd-bea-vice-coco-vic-ai-ai-lead-winners-at-the-box-office-entertainment-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Philippines-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Philippines_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060039/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' is PH official entry to Oscar best foreign language film category"</a>. <i>Interaksyon</i>. September 21, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category/">the original</a> on September 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interaksyon&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+is+PH+official+entry+to+Oscar+best+foreign+language+film+category&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Fentertainment%2Fheneral-luna-is-ph-official-entry-to-the-oscars-best-foreign-language-film-category%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-breaksEven-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-breaksEven_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-breaksEven_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBayani_San_Diego_Jr.2015" class="citation news cs1">Bayani San Diego Jr. (October 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.inquirer.net/180777/heneral-luna-earns-p240m-breaks-even">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' earns P240 million, breaks even"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+earns+P240+million%2C+breaks+even&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft.au=Bayani+San+Diego+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.inquirer.net%2F180777%2Fheneral-luna-earns-p240m-breaks-even&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Variety-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Variety_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2015/film/asia/philippines-sends-heneral-luna-to-battle-for-foreign-language-oscar-1201598556/">"Philippines Sends 'Heneral Luna' To Battle for Foreign-Language Oscar"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. September 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Philippines+Sends+%27Heneral+Luna%27+To+Battle+for+Foreign-Language+Oscar&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2015%2Ffilm%2Fasia%2Fphilippines-sends-heneral-luna-to-battle-for-foreign-language-oscar-1201598556%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-160Mkickerdaily-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-160Mkickerdaily_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-160Mkickerdaily_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFV" class="citation web cs1">V, Marcus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kickerdaily.com/posts/2015/09/heneral-luna-mark-third-week/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' breaks P160M mark on third week, producer confident of sequel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+breaks+P160M+mark+on+third+week%2C+producer+confident+of+sequel&rft.aulast=V&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkickerdaily.com%2Fposts%2F2015%2F09%2Fheneral-luna-mark-third-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-160Mabscbn-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-160Mabscbn_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-160Mabscbn_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-160Mabscbn_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFNews2015" class="citation web cs1">News, ABS-CBN (September 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/30/15/heneral-luna-continues-charge-hits-p160m">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' continues charge, hits P160M"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+continues+charge%2C+hits+P160M&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=News&rft.aufirst=ABS-CBN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fentertainment%2F09%2F30%2F15%2Fheneral-luna-continues-charge-hits-p160m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.inquirer.net/180003/heneral-luna-now-highest-grossing-filipino-historical-film-of-all-time">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' now 'highest-grossing Filipino historical film of all time'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>entertainment.inquirer.net</i>. October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=entertainment.inquirer.net&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+now+%27highest-grossing+Filipino+historical+film+of+all+time%27&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.inquirer.net%2F180003%2Fheneral-luna-now-highest-grossing-filipino-historical-film-of-all-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923102638/http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' draws bigger crowds, adds more theaters on second week | Entertainment News â InterAksyon.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week/">the original</a> on September 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+draws+bigger+crowds%2C+adds+more+theaters+on+second+week+%26%23124%3B+Entertainment+News+%E2%80%93+InterAksyon.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Fentertainment%2Fheneral-luna-draws-bigger-crowds-adds-more-theaters-on-second-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-alonso1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alonso1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFAtty._Joji_Alonso" class="citation web cs1">Atty. Joji Alonso. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1041317259225385&set=a.113724021984718.13764.100000413632532&type=3">"HENERAL LUNA's countdown to achieve the 200M break even point"</a>. Facebook.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA%27s+countdown+to+achieve+the+200M+break+even+point&rft.pub=Facebook.com&rft.au=Atty.+Joji+Alonso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D1041317259225385%26set%3Da.113724021984718.13764.100000413632532%26type%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001002533/http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976">"Anthony Falcon"</a>. nbrcnparks.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbrcnparks.org/instagram-image/1068541782342403943_342022976">the original</a> on October 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anthony+Falcon&rft.pub=nbrcnparks.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbrcnparks.org%2Finstagram-image%2F1068541782342403943_342022976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-faustmann1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faustmann1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMiguel_Faustmann" class="citation web cs1">Miguel Faustmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1609225182651545&id=1428125470761518">"March 26 post by Miguel Faustmann on his role as Arthur MacArthur"</a>. Facebook.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=March+26+post+by+Miguel+Faustmann+on+his+role+as+Arthur+MacArthur&rft.pub=Facebook&rft.au=Miguel+Faustmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpermalink.php%3Fstory_fbid%3D1609225182651545%26id%3D1428125470761518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFAnte2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Ante, Kimberly (September 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/ispeak/107265-joven-antonio-luna-bagong-henerasyon">"Napansin n'yo ba si Joven Hernando sa 'Heneral Luna?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>rappler.com</i> (in Filipino). Ortigas Center, Pasig: Rappler Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=rappler.com&rft.atitle=Napansin+n%27yo+ba+si+Joven+Hernando+sa+%27Heneral+Luna%3F%27&rft.date=2015-09-27&rft.aulast=Ante&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fmove-ph%2Fispeak%2F107265-joven-antonio-luna-bagong-henerasyon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFRoque2015" class="citation journal cs1">Roque, Mylah R. (September 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://verafiles.org/why-heneral-luna-should-not-be-missed/">"Why 'Heneral Luna' should not be missed"</a>. <i>verafiles.org</i>. Metro Manila: VERA Files<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=verafiles.org&rft.atitle=Why+%27Heneral+Luna%27+should+not+be+missed&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.aulast=Roque&rft.aufirst=Mylah+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fverafiles.org%2Fwhy-heneral-luna-should-not-be-missed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIGHTOFDAYinquirer_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFConcepcion2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Concepcion, Pocholo (August 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/205059/how-the-film-heneral-luna-finally-saw-the-light-of-day">"How the film 'Heneral Luna' finally saw the light of day"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i> (in English and Filipino)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=How+the+film+%27Heneral+Luna%27+finally+saw+the+light+of+day&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Concepcion&rft.aufirst=Pocholo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flifestyle.inquirer.net%2F205059%2Fhow-the-film-heneral-luna-finally-saw-the-light-of-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-release-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-release_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-release_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-release_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-release_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-release_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSallan2015" class="citation news cs1">Sallan, Edwin (August 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' to have global premiere on National Heroes Day"</a>. <i>InterAksyon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InterAksyon&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+to+have+global+premiere+on+National+Heroes+Day&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Sallan&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Fentertainment%2Fheneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BTSscreenplay-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTSscreenplay_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTSscreenplay_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Kw_VOgidIE"><i>HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Screenplay</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA+Behind+the+Scenes%3A+Screenplay&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D2Kw_VOgidIE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RADIOREPUBLICzachlucero_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLucero2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zach_Lucero" class="mw-redirect" title="Zach Lucero">Lucero, Zach</a> (September 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiorepublic.ph/jerroldtarog-heneralluna-interview/">"Heneral Luna⊠a song worth watchingâŠ"</a>. <i>Radio Republic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Republic&rft.atitle=Heneral+Luna%E2%80%A6+a+song+worth+watching%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft.aulast=Lucero&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradiorepublic.ph%2Fjerroldtarog-heneralluna-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-INTERVIEWhontiveros2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INTERVIEWhontiveros2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pia_Hontiveros" title="Pia Hontiveros">Pia Hontiveros</a>, Art Acuña, E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-XbCj9TLLc"><i>news.PH: Heneral Luna (Part 2)</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=news.PH%3A+Heneral+Luna+%28Part+2%29&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Do-XbCj9TLLc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BTStarogroles-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTStarogroles_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jerrold Tarog (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvugIo2_u1w"><i>HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes:Directing, Editing and Scoring</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA+Behind+the+Scenes%3ADirecting%2C+Editing+and+Scoring&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DfvugIo2_u1w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2011. DVD Commentary, Confessional (2007)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-BTSproducers-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTSproducers_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">EA Rocha, Fernando Ortigas (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLtYwufd5OE"><i>HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Producers</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA+Behind+the+Scenes%3A+Producers&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DSLtYwufd5OE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.inquirer.net/199621/biz-buzz-ortigas-in-heneral-luna">"Biz Buzz: Ortigas in 'Heneral Luna'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i>. September 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Biz+Buzz%3A+Ortigas+in+%27Heneral+Luna%27&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.inquirer.net%2F199621%2Fbiz-buzz-ortigas-in-heneral-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/business/10/09/15/why-heneral-luna-was-almost-shelved-producer">"Why 'Heneral Luna' was almost shelved by producer"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a>. October 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+%27Heneral+Luna%27+was+almost+shelved+by+producer&rft.pub=ABS-CBN+News&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fbusiness%2F10%2F09%2F15%2Fwhy-heneral-luna-was-almost-shelved-producer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BTScinematography-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTScinematography_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTScinematography_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTScinematography_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Pong Ignacio (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwwZS0dcCEU"><i>HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Screenplay</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA+Behind+the+Scenes%3A+Screenplay&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXwwZS0dcCEU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BTSmakeupHM-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BTSmakeupHM_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Carmen Reyes (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwwZS0dcCEU"><i>HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Hair and Makeup</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA+Behind+the+Scenes%3A+Hair+and+Makeup&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXwwZS0dcCEU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BTSmakeupVE-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTSmakeupVE_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTSmakeupVE_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTSmakeupVE_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jauhn Dablo (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmXddLTfnr8"><i>HENERAL LUNA Behind the Scenes: Visual Effects</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA+Behind+the+Scenes%3A+Visual+Effects&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DWmXddLTfnr8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.napster.com/artist/ebe-dancel/album/hanggang-wala-nang-bukas-heneral-luna-movie-theme-song-sin">"Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a>. October 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hanggang+Wala+Nang+Bukas&rft.pub=Napster&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fus.napster.com%2Fartist%2Febe-dancel%2Falbum%2Fhanggang-wala-nang-bukas-heneral-luna-movie-theme-song-sin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSallan2015" class="citation news cs1">Sallan, Edwin (June 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/ebe-dancel-its-easy-to-misunderstand-a-passionate-man-like-antonio-luna/">"Ebe Dancel: 'It's easy to misunderstand a passionate man like Antonio Luna'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. InterAksyon.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ebe+Dancel%3A+%27It%27s+easy+to+misunderstand+a+passionate+man+like+Antonio+Luna%27&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Sallan&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Fentertainment%2Febe-dancel-its-easy-to-misunderstand-a-passionate-man-like-antonio-luna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/06/11/15/ebe-dancel-sings-theme-song-heneral-luna">"Ebe Dancel sings theme song for 'Heneral Luna'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. ABS-CBNnews.com. September 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ebe+Dancel+sings+theme+song+for+%27Heneral+Luna%27&rft.date=2015-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fentertainment%2F06%2F11%2F15%2Febe-dancel-sings-theme-song-heneral-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BOXOFFICEpep-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOXOFFICEpep_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep.ph/guide/movies/20268/how-did-john-arcilla-starrer-heneral-luna-fare-in-the-box-office">"How did John Arcilla-starrer, <i>Heneral Luna</i>, fare in the box office?"</a>. <i>PEP.ph</i>. Philippine Entertainment Portal Inc. September 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PEP.ph&rft.atitle=How+did+John+Arcilla-starrer%2C+Heneral+Luna%2C+fare+in+the+box+office%3F&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fguide%2Fmovies%2F20268%2Fhow-did-john-arcilla-starrer-heneral-luna-fare-in-the-box-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalnation.inquirer.net/27474/heneral-luna-to-be-screened-in-sf-before-general-release">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' to be screened in SF before general release"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i>. INQUIRER.net U.S. Bureau. August 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+to+be+screened+in+SF+before+general+release&rft.date=2015-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalnation.inquirer.net%2F27474%2Fheneral-luna-to-be-screened-in-sf-before-general-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-3RDWEEKBOXOFFICErappler_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/news/107836-heneral-luna-box-office-update">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' reaches P200M mark in the box office"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. October 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+reaches+P200M+mark+in+the+box+office&rft.date=2015-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fentertainment%2Fnews%2F107836-heneral-luna-box-office-update&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr1811108357/">"Heneral Luna"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heneral+Luna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Freleasegroup%2Fgr1811108357%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSallan2016" class="citation news cs1">Sallan, Edwin (January 25, 2016). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' breaks DVD sales record as 'Bonifacio' released in streaming video". InterAksyon.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+breaks+DVD+sales+record+as+%27Bonifacio%27+released+in+streaming+video&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.aulast=Sallan&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/multi-media-blitz-for-heneral-luna-on-independence-day/">"Multi-media blitz for 'Heneral Luna' on Independence Day"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/News5" title="News5">Interaksyon.com</a>. June 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Multi-media+blitz+for+%27Heneral+Luna%27+on+Independence+Day&rft.date=2016-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmulti-media-blitz-for-heneral-luna-on-independence-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manilatimes.net/heneral-luna-goes-to-tv/258268/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' goes to TV"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Manila_Times" title="The Manila Times">The Manila Times</a></i>. April 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+goes+to+TV&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2Fheneral-luna-goes-to-tv%2F258268%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFCha_Lino2020" class="citation news cs1">Cha Lino (August 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.inquirer.net/388719/heneral-luna-to-be-available-for-streaming-on-youtube">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' to be available for streaming on YouTube"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+to+be+available+for+streaming+on+YouTube&rft.date=2020-08-28&rft.au=Cha+Lino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.inquirer.net%2F388719%2Fheneral-luna-to-be-available-for-streaming-on-youtube&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-REVIEWkrip-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-REVIEWkrip_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-REVIEWkrip_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFYuson2015" class="citation news cs1">Yuson, Alfred (August 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/arts-and-culture/2015/08/17/1488365/and-enemy-us">"And the enemy is us"</a>. <i>KRIPOTKIN</i>. The Philippine Star<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KRIPOTKIN&rft.atitle=And+the+enemy+is+us&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Yuson&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Farts-and-culture%2F2015%2F08%2F17%2F1488365%2Fand-enemy-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFAlejo2015" class="citation news cs1">Alejo, Annie (August 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mb.com.ph/hero-human-heneral-luna/">"Hero. Human. Heneral Luna"</a>. <i>Manila Bulletin</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Hero.+Human.+Heneral+Luna.&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Alejo&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mb.com.ph%2Fhero-human-heneral-luna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMayuga2015" class="citation news cs1">Mayuga, Sylvia (September 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/536252/lifestyle/artandculture/heneral-luna-hero-for-the-millennial-generation">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna': Hero for the millennial generation"</a>. GMA News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27%3A+Hero+for+the+millennial+generation&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Mayuga&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F536252%2Flifestyle%2Fartandculture%2Fheneral-luna-hero-for-the-millennial-generation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHawson2015" class="citation news cs1">Hawson, Fred (September 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/09/21/15/review-hot-headed-and-heroic-heneral-luna">"Review: Hot-headed and heroic 'Heneral Luna'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Fred Said</i>. ABS-CBN News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fred+Said&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Hot-headed+and+heroic+%27Heneral+Luna%27&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft.aulast=Hawson&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Flifestyle%2F09%2F21%2F15%2Freview-hot-headed-and-heroic-heneral-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFTordesillas2015" class="citation news cs1">Tordesillas, Ellen (September 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/blogs/opinions/09/20/15/aquino-del-rosario-and-gazmin-should-watch-heneral-luna">"Aquino, Del Rosario and Gazmin should watch 'Heneral Luna'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. ABS-CBN News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aquino%2C+Del+Rosario+and+Gazmin+should+watch+%27Heneral+Luna%27&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft.aulast=Tordesillas&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fblogs%2Fopinions%2F09%2F20%2F15%2Faquino-del-rosario-and-gazmin-should-watch-heneral-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TEMPERocampo-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TEMPERocampo_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TEMPERocampo_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TEMPERocampo_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFOcampo2015" class="citation news cs1">Ocampo, Ambeth (September 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinion.inquirer.net/88371/antonio-luna-and-his-temper">"Antonio Luna and his temper"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Antonio+Luna+and+his+temper&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Ocampo&rft.aufirst=Ambeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinion.inquirer.net%2F88371%2Fantonio-luna-and-his-temper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-LUNAMABINInery-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LUNAMABINInery_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFNery2015" class="citation news cs1">Nery, John (September 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinion.inquirer.net/88738/apolinario-mabini-vs-general-luna">"Apolinario Mabini vs General Luna"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Apolinario+Mabini+vs+General+Luna&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Nery&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinion.inquirer.net%2F88738%2Fapolinario-mabini-vs-general-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLo2015" class="citation news cs1">Lo, Ricky (August 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2015/08/30/1493755/john-company-heroes">"John in the Company of Heroes"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=John+in+the+Company+of+Heroes&rft.date=2015-08-30&rft.aulast=Lo&rft.aufirst=Ricky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fentertainment%2F2015%2F08%2F30%2F1493755%2Fjohn-company-heroes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/205799/epic-movie-shows-how-the-revolution-assassinated-heneral-luna/">"Epic movie shows how the Revolution assassinated 'Heneral Luna'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Inquirer Lifestyle</i>. September 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inquirer+Lifestyle&rft.atitle=Epic+movie+shows+how+the+Revolution+assassinated+%27Heneral+Luna%27&rft.date=2015-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifestyle.inquirer.net%2F205799%2Fepic-movie-shows-how-the-revolution-assassinated-heneral-luna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLim2015" class="citation news cs1">Lim, Michael Kho (August 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribune.net.ph/life-style/the-untold-hi-story-in-heneral-luna">"The untold (hi)story in Heneral Luna"</a>. Tribune.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+untold+%28hi%29story+in+Heneral+Luna&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Michael+Kho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribune.net.ph%2Flife-style%2Fthe-untold-hi-story-in-heneral-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/heneral_luna">"<i>Heneral Luna</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Heneral+Luna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fheneral_luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span> </span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/heneral-luna">"<i>Heneral Luna</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fandom,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Fandom, Inc.">Fandom, Inc.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Heneral+Luna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fheneral-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span> </span>
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<li id="cite_note-BTShistory-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BTShistory_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Vivencio R. Jose (September 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwxrnE4yW7g"><i>HENERAL LUNA: The History behind the Movie</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENERAL+LUNA%3A+The+History+behind+the+Movie&rft.date=2015-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DSwxrnE4yW7g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ALEJANDRINOnery-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ALEJANDRINOnery_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFNery2015" class="citation web cs1">Nery, John (September 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opinion.inquirer.net/88960/what-we-still-dont-know-about-antonio-luna">"What we (still) don't know about Antonio Luna"</a>. <i>opinion.inquirer.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opinion.inquirer.net&rft.atitle=What+we+%28still%29+don%27t+know+about+Antonio+Luna&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft.aulast=Nery&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinion.inquirer.net%2F88960%2Fwhat-we-still-dont-know-about-antonio-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pia_Hontiveros" title="Pia Hontiveros">Pia Hontiveros</a>, Art Acuña, E.A. Rocha, Jerrold Tarog (July 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8qAWT-ZBlA"><i>news.PH: Heneral Luna (Part 1)</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=news.PH%3A+Heneral+Luna+%28Part+1%29&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dn8qAWT-ZBlA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.inquirer.net/178663/netizens-lament-pulling-out-heneral-luna-from-cinemas">"Netizens lament pull-out of 'Heneral Luna' from cinemas"</a>. INQUIRER.net. September 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Netizens+lament+pull-out+of+%27Heneral+Luna%27+from+cinemas&rft.date=2015-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.inquirer.net%2F178663%2Fnetizens-lament-pulling-out-heneral-luna-from-cinemas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MABINISITTINGinquirer-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MABINISITTINGinquirer_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.inquirer.net/179411/why-is-mabini-just-seated-epy-quizon-stands-up-to-the-confused">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Why is Mabini just seated?' Epy Quizon stands up to the confused"</a>. INQUIRER.net. September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Why+is+Mabini+just+seated%3F%27+Epy+Quizon+stands+up+to+the+confused&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.inquirer.net%2F179411%2Fwhy-is-mabini-just-seated-epy-quizon-stands-up-to-the-confused&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SEATEDAQUINOinq-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SEATEDAQUINOinq_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFDizon2015" class="citation web cs1">Dizon, Nikko (September 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/726449/aquino-cant-believe-question-asked-why-mabini-was-seated-throughout-luna-movie">"Aquino can't believe question asked why Mabini was seated throughout Luna movie"</a>. <i>newsinfo.inquirer.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newsinfo.inquirer.net&rft.atitle=Aquino+can%27t+believe+question+asked+why+Mabini+was+seated+throughout+Luna+movie&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=Dizon&rft.aufirst=Nikko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F726449%2Faquino-cant-believe-question-asked-why-mabini-was-seated-throughout-luna-movie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFABS-CBNnews.com2015" class="citation web cs1">ABS-CBNnews.com, Patrick Quintos (September 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/09/28/15/hero-or-traitor-historian-weighs-aguinaldo-luna">"Hero or traitor? Historian weighs in on Aguinaldo, Luna"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Hero+or+traitor%3F+Historian+weighs+in+on+Aguinaldo%2C+Luna&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.aulast=ABS-CBNnews.com&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Quintos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Ffocus%2F09%2F28%2F15%2Fhero-or-traitor-historian-weighs-aguinaldo-luna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manilastandardtoday.com/2015/09/25/abaya-does-not-believe-in-luna-storyline/">"Abaya does not believe in 'Luna' storyline"</a>. <i>MST News</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a>. September 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MST+News&rft.atitle=Abaya+does+not+believe+in+%27Luna%27+storyline&rft.date=2015-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanilastandardtoday.com%2F2015%2F09%2F25%2Fabaya-does-not-believe-in-luna-storyline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.inquirer.net/348570/aguinaldo-kin-recent-portrayals-of-emilio-aguinaldo-degrade-his-image">"Aguinaldo kin: Recent portrayals of Emilio Aguinaldo 'degrade' his image"</a>. October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aguinaldo+kin%3A+Recent+portrayals+of+Emilio+Aguinaldo+%27degrade%27+his+image&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.inquirer.net%2F348570%2Faguinaldo-kin-recent-portrayals-of-emilio-aguinaldo-degrade-his-image&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-mostimportant-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mostimportant_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mostimportant_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGarlitos2015" class="citation news cs1">Garlitos, Raymund Magno (September 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mb.com.ph/the-most-important-filmmaker-of-our-era-is-jerrold-tarog/">"The most important filmmaker of our era is Jerrold Tarog"</a>. <i>Manila Bulletin</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+most+important+filmmaker+of+our+era+is+Jerrold+Tarog&rft.date=2015-09-27&rft.aulast=Garlitos&rft.aufirst=Raymund+Magno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mb.com.ph%2Fthe-most-important-filmmaker-of-our-era-is-jerrold-tarog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/538345/scitech/technology/heneral-luna-battles-pirates-in-this-lego-short/">"Heneral Luna, kontra-pirata!"</a>. <i>GMA News Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=Heneral+Luna%2C+kontra-pirata%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F538345%2Fscitech%2Ftechnology%2Fheneral-luna-battles-pirates-in-this-lego-short%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-radyoinquirer-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-radyoinquirer_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFAvendaño-Umali2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Avendaño-Umali, Isa (September 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radyo.inquirer.net/10215/omb-pnp-kinalampag-laban-sa-naglipanang-pirated-dvds-ng-heneral-luna#sthash.4hhRahbU.dpuf">"OMB, PNP, kinalampag laban sa naglipanang pirated DVDs ng Heneral Luna (OMB, PNP made crackdowns against circulation of pirated DVDs of Heneral Luna)"</a> (in Filipino). Radyo Inquirer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OMB%2C+PNP%2C+kinalampag+laban+sa+naglipanang+pirated+DVDs+ng+Heneral+Luna+%28OMB%2C+PNP+made+crackdowns+against+circulation+of+pirated+DVDs+of+Heneral+Luna%29&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=Avenda%C3%B1o-Umali&rft.aufirst=Isa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradyo.inquirer.net%2F10215%2Fomb-pnp-kinalampag-laban-sa-naglipanang-pirated-dvds-ng-heneral-luna%23sthash.4hhRahbU.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSallan2015" class="citation news cs1">Sallan, Edwin (August 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/entertainment/heneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heneral Luna' to have global premiere on National Heroes Day"</a>. InterAksyon.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Heneral+Luna%27+to+have+global+premiere+on+National+Heroes+Day&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Sallan&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Fentertainment%2Fheneral-luna-to-have-global-premiere-on-national-heroes-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'WATCH: After 'Heneral Luna,' a movie on Gregorio del Pilar is in the works, Paulo Avelino to star'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. October 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27WATCH%3A+After+%27Heneral+Luna%2C%27+a+movie+on+Gregorio+del+Pilar+is+in+the+works%2C+Paulo+Avelino+to+star%27&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2F111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Angelitonews-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angelitonews_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angelitonews_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/02/07/17/gregorio-del-pilar-short-film-to-hit-theaters-with-im-drunk-i-love-you">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gregorio del Pilar' short film to hit theaters with 'I'm Drunk I Love You'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>. February 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=%27Gregorio+del+Pilar%27+short+film+to+hit+theaters+with+%27I%27m+Drunk+I+Love+You%27&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fentertainment%2F02%2F07%2F17%2Fgregorio-del-pilar-short-film-to-hit-theaters-with-im-drunk-i-love-you&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2015" class="citation web cs1">Jordan, Clark (September 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aswangproject.com/mythology-class-headed-for-theatres">"Arnold Arre's THE MYTHOLOGY CLASS Headed For Theatres"</a>. <i>The Aswang Project</i>. High Banks Entertainment Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Aswang+Project&rft.atitle=Arnold+Arre%27s+THE+MYTHOLOGY+CLASS+Headed+For+Theatres&rft.date=2015-09-27&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aswangproject.com%2Fmythology-class-headed-for-theatres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/entertainment/movies/111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino">"WATCH: After 'Heneral Luna,' a movie on Gregorio del Pilar is in the works, Paulo Avelino to star"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i>. October 29, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=WATCH%3A+After+%27Heneral+Luna%2C%27+a+movie+on+Gregorio+del+Pilar+is+in+the+works%2C+Paulo+Avelino+to+star&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2F111127-heneral-luna-gregorio-del-pilar-movie-paulo-avelino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFJerrold_Tarog_[@JerroldTarog]2017" class="citation web cs1">Jerrold Tarog [@JerroldTarog] (February 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/JerroldTarog/status/828560886008737793">"I guess I can announce now that a 20-min short film prequel to GOYO called ANGELITO will be attached to I'M DRUNK I LOVE YOU. Opens Feb 15"</a> (Tweet) – via <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+guess+I+can+announce+now+that+a+20-min+short+film+prequel+to+GOYO+called+ANGELITO+will+be+attached+to+I%27M+DRUNK+I+LOVE+YOU.+Opens+Feb+15.&rft.date=2017-02-06&rft.au=Jerrold+Tarog+%5B%40JerroldTarog%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FJerroldTarog%2Fstatus%2F828560886008737793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeneral+Luna" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151224120626/http://henerallunathemovie.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4944352/"><i>Heneral Luna</i></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v642215"><i>Heneral Luna</i></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/heneral_luna"><i>Heneral Luna</i></a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_B0jD4CTSpEmIOeJcVl3HQ">Official YouTube channel</a></li></ul>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Jerrold_Tarog" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Jerrold_Tarog" title="Template:Jerrold Tarog"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Jerrold_Tarog" title="Template talk:Jerrold Tarog"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Jerrold_Tarog&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Jerrold_Tarog" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerrold_Tarog" title="Jerrold Tarog">Jerrold Tarog</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Carpool</i> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Confessional_(film)" title="Confessional (film)"><i>Confessional</i></a> (2007)</li>
<li><i>Astig</i> (2007)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Blood_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="The Blood Trail">Mangatyanan</a></i> (2009)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senior_Year_(2010_film)" title="Senior Year (2010 film)"><i>Senior Year</i></a> (2010)</li>
<li><i>Faculty</i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shake,_Rattle_and_Roll_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Shake, Rattle and Roll 12">Shake, Rattle and Roll 12</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aswang_(2011_film)" title="Aswang (2011 film)"><i>Aswang</i></a> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shake,_Rattle_%26_Roll_13" title="Shake, Rattle & Roll 13">Shake, Rattle & Roll 13</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i>Agusan Marsh Diaries</i> (2011)</li>
<li><i>Eksena sa Gubat</i> (2012)</li>
<li><i>Sun Dance</i> (2012)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/If_Only_(2013_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="If Only (2013 film)">Sana Dati</a></i> (2013)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shake,_Rattle_%26_Roll_XV" title="Shake, Rattle & Roll XV">Shake, Rattle & Roll XV</a></i> (2014)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heneral Luna</a></i> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bliss_(2017_film)" title="Bliss (2017 film)">Bliss</a></i> (2017)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goyo:_The_Boy_General" title="Goyo: The Boy General">Goyo: The Boy General</a></i> (2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darna_(upcoming_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darna (upcoming film)">Darna</a></i> (TBA)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippine_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Philippine_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Template:Philippine submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background: #EEDD82;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Template talk:Philippine submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background: #EEDD82;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Philippine_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background: #EEDD82;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippine_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Philippine_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of Philippine submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Philippine submissions</a> for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Academy Award for Best International Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Child_of_Sorrow_(film)" title="Child of Sorrow (film)">Anak Dalita</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_29th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 29th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1956</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Moises_Padilla_Story" title="The Moises Padilla Story">The Moises Padilla Story</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_34th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 34th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1961</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Because_of_a_Flower" title="Because of a Flower">Because of a Flower</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_40th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 40th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1967</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ganito_Kami_Noon,_Paano_Kayo_Ngayon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon">Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_49th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 49th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1976</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Of_the_Flesh" title="Of the Flesh">Of the Flesh</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_57th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 57th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1984</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/This_Is_My_Country_(film)" title="This Is My Country (film)">This Is My Country</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_58th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 58th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1985</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harvest_Home_(1995_film)" title="Harvest Home (1995 film)">Harvest Home</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_68th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 68th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1995</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dead_Sure" title="Dead Sure">Dead Sure</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_69th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 69th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1996</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Milagros_(film)" title="Milagros (film)">Milagros</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_70th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 70th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1997</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sa_Pusod_ng_Dagat" title="Sa Pusod ng Dagat">In the Navel of the Sea</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_71st_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 71st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1998</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saranggola" title="Saranggola">The Kite</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_72nd_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 72nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">1999</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anak_(film)" title="Anak (film)">Anak</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_73rd_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 73rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2000</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/In_the_Bosom_of_the_Enemy" title="In the Bosom of the Enemy">In the Bosom of the Enemy</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_74th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 74th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2001</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Small_Voices" title="Small Voices">Small Voices</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_75th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 75th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2002</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dekada_%2770_(film)" title="Dekada '70 (film)">Dekada '70</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_76th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 76th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2003</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Crying_Ladies" title="Crying Ladies">Crying Ladies</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_77th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 77th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2004</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Blossoming_of_Maximo_Oliveros" title="The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros">The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_79th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 79th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2006</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donsol_(film)" title="Donsol (film)">Donsol</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_80th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 80th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2007</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ploning" title="Ploning">Ploning</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_81st_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 81st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2008</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grandpa_Is_Dead" title="Grandpa Is Dead">Grandpa Is Dead</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_82nd_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 82nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2009</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noy_(film)" title="Noy (film)">Noy</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_83rd_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 83rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2010</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Woman_in_the_Septic_Tank" title="The Woman in the Septic Tank">The Woman in the Septic Tank</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_84th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 84th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2011</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bwakaw" title="Bwakaw">Bwakaw</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_85th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2012</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transit_(2013_film)" title="Transit (2013 film)">Transit</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_86th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 86th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2013</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norte,_the_End_of_History" title="Norte, the End of History">Norte, the End of History</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_87th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2014</a>)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heneral Luna</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_88th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 88th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2015</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ma%27_Rosa" title="Ma' Rosa">Ma' Rosa</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_89th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 89th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2016</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birdshot_(film)" title="Birdshot (film)">Birdshot</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_90th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 90th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2017</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Signal_Rock" title="Signal Rock">Signal Rock</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_91st_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 91st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">2018</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Verdict_(2019_film)" title="Verdict (2019 film)">Verdict</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_92nd_Academy_Awards_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of submissions to the 92nd Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film">2019</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mindanao_(film)" title="Mindanao (film)">Mindanao</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_93rd_Academy_Awards_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of submissions to the 93rd Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film">2020</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/On_the_Job:_The_Missing_8" title="On the Job: The Missing 8">On the Job: The Missing 8</a></i> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_95th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of submissions to the 95th Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film">2022</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1686991806' |
